A SPECIAL PLAN FOR EXPLOITATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES CREATED BY THE KOREAN SITUATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01065A000500130050-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 1, 2003
• Sequence Number: 50
• Publication Date: November 30, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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'20 November 1950
RnEPARTr.77I'TAL FOREXGI1 flTORIIATTON STAFF the
SPECIAL PLAT: TOR EXPLOITATION OF PSY'CHOIAGICi-L OPPQRTtIJITICS
1PILA'TED PY TIIE .KpRE!!I: ,SITUATION
State Department review completed
a E C R R T
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30 November 1950
Special Plan for E p1oitation of Psychological Opportunities
Created by the Korean Situation
I PROBLEM
A. To formulate a plan for psychological warfare and information
measures in support of U.S. national objectives with respect to Korea;
and to specify the means of implementation,
B. To specify the organizational arrangements and delineate the
policy formulation and guidance responsibilities for a UN-reorientation
and re-education program.
!I. FACTS BERING ON THE PROBLEM
A. For the purpose of this plan, the term "Republic of Korean is
assumed to apply to that area of Korea south of 380 North latitude and
the term "North Korea" is assumed to apply to that-area of Korea north
of 38? North latitude. '
B. U.S. Foreign Policy Objectives with Respect to Korea.
1. The objective of post-war U.S. policy with respect to Korea
has consistently and unswervingly been a free and independent Korea. The
cornerstone of this policy was laid at Cairo in December 1943 when the
United States, the United Kingdom and China declared as one of their war
aims in the Pacific, "that in due course Korea shall become free and
independent," This objective was reaffirmed in the Potsdam Declaration
of July 1945 to which the USSR adhered at the time of its declaration of
war against Japan.
h~2. The United States endeavored to attain its objectives in
Ap?proved-F-or ek% 'Otyf ?' 1 RO '1 OM5 WlgWMs4so long as
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co: iaboration annearc d to hold any possibility of success? For tw 4
a? ;ear American and Soviet troops occupied Korea in September 1945,
end~sa orF,ri = nbi in a. ement of the USSR to the abolition of
lire ditiidine their reatnectivn zones of occupation along the 38th
N. ra 1,R). and to the restoration of the nol,itical., economic and admin
1, tae a f ;:?u t of rersistent Soviet refusal to coo rate in
good faith. which fr-ustratod the achiever.ci t of a unified.
free and independent Korea. the United States, in September 1947, placed
.he problem of the independence of Korea before the United Nations
General Assemblv.,
1ith the establishment in September 1948 of the "Democratic
"eopleOs Republic" under the aegis of Soviet occupation forces and in
direct contravention of the expressed will of the United Nations General
=sscmIbly. the immediate policy objective of the U.S. became vresernation
of the independent Republic of Korea under a free],y elected government as
a nucleus for eventual unification of the entire country on a democratic
basis? This objective the U.S. has endeavored to attain by pirsuing the
following policies x
Encouragement of international political support of
t`i-e government of the Republic of Korea. particularly
t;-ouFh the instrumentality of the United Nations.
.,, Provision of economic assistance to develop in Korea
a v _ h1e and self sufficient . economyn
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5.
c. Extension of military assistance to the Republic of
Korea to enable it to maintain internal security and
to resist external aggression.
Current United States foreign policy objectives with respect
to Korea derive directly from the above. Our basic. objective may be
defined as establishment of a unified, free and independent Korea that is
politically and economically stable; is capable both of maintaining
internal security and of resisting aggression; and has a government res-
ponsible to, and expressing the free will of the people.
6. In facilitating the above objectives, it is the policy of
the U.S.:
To support the UN decisions relative to Korea.
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b. To channel U.S. actions and efforts through the
mechanism of the UN, to the extent that it is
practicable.
a. To obtain no special position for the U.S. in Korea
and to retain no bases or other military installations
in that country.
d. To withdraw U.S. forces from Korea at the earliest
moment consistent with fulfillment of obligations as
a member of the UN,
e. To encourage establishment of internal Korean arrange-
ments which will serve as a beacon of hope to Asians
overrun by communist forces and an affirmation
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of the north of freedom to those faced with the
threat of aggressive communism.
f. To strive toward ultimate disengagement from special
mil-iltary and economic responsibility in Korea by en-
couraging development of conditions permitting inde-
nencient Korea to survive without material U.S. assistance.
C. U.N. Objectives pith Regard to Korea.
1. The fundamental objectives of the United Nations, as ex-
pressed in resolutions of the Security Council and of the General Assembly
are:
a. To restore peace and security in Korea, and
b. To unify and rehabilitate Korea.
2. In facilitating the accomplishment of these objectives=
it is the policy of the UPI:
a. That UII troops occupy North Korea to repel aggression
and to assist in the accomplishment of the objectives
stated in b and c below.
b. That conditions of stability be established and ensured
in Korea.
e. That elections, leading to the formation of a unified,
independent and democratic government, be prepared and
held in Korea under the auspices of the United Nations
Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea
f CINCURK) ,? and .7ith the assistance of the UN command and
-in coop oration with the government of ROK.
d. That UII forces should not remain in any part of Korea,
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cept as necessary for the achievement of b and
ee.
That, until UI?CURI, is in a position to put forward its
ens, the occupation should effect as fer; thanes as
o siblo, consistent pith responsibilities attending
the maintenance of larr and order; leaving to the Korean
Deopie themselves, after unification has been accomplished,
'?e task of praying rhatever changes they desire. (Unless
r- 3ifieci D Y the firmly expressed views of UI.CURK).
That the rehabilitation of Korea be carried out on the
bu is of plans dram up by the Economic and i;ocial
Council of UII;
"for relief and. rehal litatiou on the termination
of hostilities", and
(2) "for long-tern measures to promote the economic
developnent and social progress of Korea".
That (fl reaponsibilitios with respect to Korea be dis-
harged in a narner consonant nit),, its, role an a eonstructlvo
s f. , for veace,
? F
ItA SIC i~55T?iW'Iofl$
Military operations.
Major military operations will have been concluded in a
efficiently large cart of the terri,torr of Korea to make feasible
the initiation of the acti_v3 ti-ss which are contemplated under this
;.flans Military operations will be prosecuuted until the UN objectives
:.ith respect to Korea have been achieved.
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Guerrilla operations may continue.
U. Administrative Arrangements.
1. The occupation of North Korea will be administered by the
Commander-in-Chief of the UN Command (CINCUNC), who will utilize to a
maximum UN forces other than those of the United States,
2. The Commander-in-Chief UN Command will be responsible for
executing the information, re-orientation and re-education program of
UN in North Korea. The Department of State will organize a field agency
which will act as the operating agent of CINCUNC for the execution of
this program. The Department of State will be responsible for executing
the U.S. foreign information program in the ROK,
3., a, CINCUNC now has the necessary authority and the respon-
sibility to execute a re-orientation and re-education program for North
Korea,
b, The UN will channel any directives to CINCUNC through
the U.S. Government, and CINCUNC will not accept
directly from UN agencies any directives applicable
to this plan.
IV. INTELLIGENCE
A... See Enclosure A. CIA Intelligence Memorandum go. 334, 2 October
1950 for:
1, Korean Issues Susceptible of Propaganda Exploitation in
Korea,
2. Korean Issues Susceptible of Propaganda Exploitation
J.lsewhere.
3. Korean Psychological Predispositions and Vulnerabilities.
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Soviet P opagaj, Alms with Respect to the Korean Situation
al-0 Cainien on the Korean Situation.-
o KEPT ?PROP~GANAI OPERATIONS
General
1 B There are information responsibilities in Korea
requiring U.S. t a 4cipation t
a. The first is an information, re-orientation and re.
education program for North Korea, carried out under
the responsibility of the C asa mander,.iu.Chief, UN Command.
b. The second is the already existing U.S.-foreign lnfor.
nation operation in the Republic, of Korea.
2. In addition, there is a U.S. reaaponsibility for foreign
Information with respect-to the Korean situation, as it is interpreted
to the rest of the world.
3. This plan is concerned with propaganda a tent as it applies
to the second (U.SJ progr, (including prop a about Korea to the
major countries of the world.)? and U.S. organizational adjustments n?-
ceneary+ for the execution of both programs,
a. The c?ntent portions, although designed to support the
4econd program, have been prepared with a-view to oz.
ploit5ng the US-UN relationship; they treat Korea as
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a unit; and it is intended that the content be
utilized in the execution of the UN program in
North Korea by including as much of it as
practicable in the annex referred to in sub-
paragraph b below.
b. An annex to Enclosure B of this plan should be
prepared by the Department of State, utilizing
the arrangements described in sub-paragraph A,
3a, b, and c of Section VI below, and stating
the broad policy objectives for the first program.
It should utilize the pertinent content portion
(objectives and tasks) of this plan to the extent
practicable.
~o Execution of the second program is to be accomplished by:
a. Selecting a limited number of propaganda objectives
and tasks, and focussing all available U.S. propaganda
facilities upon implementing them.
b. Supporting these objectives and tasks, by creating
themes on the principle of controlled decentralization.
c. Implementing these objectives and tasks, by an in-
tegrated propaganda campaign, which envisages:
(1) The maximum possible correlation of governmental
decisions and actions in the political, economic
and military fields with a view to capitalizing
upon them to support the objectives and tasks out-
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The ins ection of material in support of the
objectives and tasks assigned by this plan, into
public statements and speeches mberever practicable.
Adherence to the following additional principles is deemed
a. 'timing of the use of themes
b. Simplicity of content
c. Repetition
d. Choice of appropriate media
e. Credibility
B. Propaganda Objectives, Tasks and Themes.
A statement of Propaganda Objectives, Tasks and Themes is con-
tained in Enclosure B, including definitions and instructions for their
use.
0. Phases of Accomplishment.
1. The accomplishment of the first program 3s governed by the
three phases of civil affairs actions specified in Department of State
outgoing cable No. 256, 28 October 1950, from Secretary of State to
U.S. Ambassador Seoul, and Department of the Army outgoing cable WAR 953289
29 October 1950 from JCS to CINCUNC.
2. For the second (U.S.) Pragds no division into phases of
accomplishment is envisaged at the present time. Changes in the ob-
jectives and tasks stated in this plan should be made as a result of
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continuing review of this plan by the Interdepartmental Foreign Infor-
mation Organization (IFIO).
VI, ~1TATIOt1
A. Organizational Arrangements
1. General
The U.S. Goverment is now responsible for planning
and executing two information programs, as described
in subparagraph A-1 of Section V above.
b. The first is a UN program in North Korea, for the
execution of which the CINCUNC will be responsible
'until such time as a Government of Korea is established
as a result of UN-sponsored elections, (Dept of the
Armor cable WAR 95328, 29 October 1950 from JCS to
CINCUNG ). A field agency of the Department of State
will act as his operating agent, and will organize the
United Nations civil information and education program
in North Korea, as provided in Department of the Army
cable WAR 96796, 17 November 19500 from SAOOA to CINCUNC,
6
and Department of State outgoing cable No. 351, 17 November
1950, from Secretary of State to American Embassy, Seoul.
The Department of the Army will render support to the
program to Include reorientation type supplies and services,
personnel and funds substantially as outlined in Department
of the Aar cable WAR 95329, 27 October 1950, from SAOOA to
CINCFE.
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' CL~I~C mill also be responsible for using to a
maxinwn facilities and personnel of the UN made available.
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a. The second program is solely a U.S. responsibility.
The Department of State will be responsible for the
execution of this program.
d. Both programs will be operative concurrently. This
indicates the need for precise coordination in planning
and operations, as well as careful delineation of intro..
staff, inter-service, and interdepartmental responsibilities,
e. Policy formulation and guidance for both programs is a
a U.S, Goverment responsibility, ArW UN policy direc-
tives should, accordingly, be channelled through the U.S.
Government.
f,. Inter-departmental coordination of policy formulation
and guidance for the U.S. program is accomplished through
the mechanism of the Interdepartmental Foreign Information
Organization. In the interest of simplicity, inter.
departmental coordination to fulfill, the U.S. responsibilities
in connection with the UN program should be accomplished
by the same means,
The chief U.S. Vital agencies responsible for
Z he execution of this plan are:
impartment of State
Department of Defense (operating through the
joint Chiefs of Staff)
Central Intelligence Agency
anomie Cooperation Administration
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2. Organizational Arrangements in the Far East:
r:. The Departnent of State win be responsible for the
execution of the U.S. program, :Jr. the ROK.
b. The Corrtander-in-Chief, UPI Cormand, is reaponsible for
execution of the UN information, reorientation and re-
education program for North Korea and aill coordinate
between the UN program (for North Korea) and the U.S.
program (for the ROK).
3. Organizational Arrangements at the State Defense level.-
a. The Department of State should be responsible for ape-
cif ring, in coordination with UNCURK and the Department
of Defense, the broad objectives and tasks of the UN infor-
nation, re-orientation and re-education program for North
Korea.
b. The Department of State should maize provision for appropriate
liaison with tflCI;RK, to assist in the rerformance of this
function.
c. intezdopartmental coordination of both programs should be
provided by IFIO.
YAJILA
d. The channels of communication and of command between State.
Defense level and CflICV-PIC for the implenentation.of this
plan should be agreed bet:,een the Department of State and
the Department of Defense as a matter of record,
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13-View B
ri. The channels of communication betc7een State-Defense
level and CI1;Ct;I:C for the implementation of this plan
:should be agreed between the Department of State and the
Department of Defense as a matter of record.
a. All directives and guidances pertaining to the responsibility
-C CII.CUI:C for the execution of the first program should
be issued through military channels (JCS to CIFTCUniC).
(f) e. Central Intelligence Agency should give intelligence
support to the programs on the interdepartmental level,
and should prepare and execute appropriate plans to support
the U.S. program. Policy coordination should be accomplished
through the mechanism of IFIO.
(g) f. Economic Cooperation Administration should assist in the
execution of the programs. Policy coordination should be
accomplished thx'*ugh the mechanism of IFIO.
B. Delineation of Responsibilities for Execution.
1. The Department of State should:
a. Prepare an annex to Enclosure B of this plan, stating the
broad policy objectives to govern the execution of the
first program.
b. Provide for policy planning and operational support for
the execution of the first program incoordination (View A)
with the Department of Defense. consultation (View B)
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c. Provide for supervisory responsibility for and execution
of the second program.
d. Complete the organizational adjustments delineated in
sub-paragraphs 3j2 and g of Section VIA.
e. Provide for review and revision of this plan, using for
that purpose the Interdepartmental Foreign Information
Organization.
f. Furnish to appropriate international information agencies,
materials in implementation of the second program.
g. Organize a field agency to act as the operating agent
of CIIICI C for the execution of the first program, in
accordance Tlith Department of the Army cable MR 96796,
17 IToverber 1950 from SAOOA to CII:CU:TC and Department of
State cable No. 351, 17 November 1950, from Secretary of
State to American Embassy, Seoul.
2. The Department of Defense, acting through the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, should :
a. Provide for supervisory responsibility for the execution
of the first program in coordination with the Department
of State.
b. Provide planning support for the first program.
The Central Intelligence Agency should:
a. Prepare and execute appropriate plane in support of the
U. S. program.
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b. Provide ooordinated intelligence in support of this
plan, including appropriate review and rovioion of the
intelligence section of this and related inter3epartaaentel
plans.
c. Coordinate the intelligence activities of the several
government departments and agencies in support of this
Plan.
The Economic Cooperation Administration should:
Prepare and execute appropriate plans in support of the U.S.
program.
(see foilo:ring page for enclosures)
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2k-Enclosure Ci Inte11F enee iemorandun, Plo. 334, 2 October 195C.
Enclosure B - Pfo-iga.ndu Objectives;, Tasks ..nd 'fre*.es, Rr~ ated to
Korn an Events.
AnMx 1 - Terns and Use.
Annex 2 - General Propaganda Ob jecti vss
Ar ex 3 PropLGanda Objectives and Tasks
for Korea
Annex 4 - Propaganda Objective: and Taz..s for India,
Related to Korean Events
At nex 5 - Propaganda Objectives and. Tasks for China,
Related to Korean Events
Annex 6 - PropaCanda Objectives and Tasks for the v30R,
Related to Korean Events
Arnox 7 - Propaganda Objectives and Tasks for :}ov1e-
3ate3lites, Related to 1:::rean s;vents
Annex 8 .. Propaganda Objectives and TuoL-: for ;astern
EuroTe, Related to Korean Events.
nrlosure 0 - Text of Ufl Resolution of 4 October 195(, tit.leti "711C
Problen of the Independence of Korea , "
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