SOVIET SENSITIVITIES
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP80-01065A000600090006-7
Release Decision:
RIFPUB
Original Classification:
C
Document Page Count:
17
Document Creation Date:
November 17, 2016
Document Release Date:
August 7, 2000
Sequence Number:
6
Case Number:
Publication Date:
February 9, 1953
Content Type:
IR
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A Approved For Release 20W09/01 : CIA-RDP80-01065A00060009 6-7
DEPARTMENT OF STATE CONFIDENTIAL
.,. ! rrmrmsr r1TTnT*.. .n...>.
Off ice''of Intellig.,ence,Res.ear0
SOVIET SEMI TIVITIES.,
The'. Psycholog cal':.Strategy ;Board has requested a, preliminary report
illustra*ing-the Soviet Oc;vernmentts.:sen~sitivit es as..revealed.,by the
scone
and f or iai' it's react ons t
ious U
-
o var
S moves ,and.:-statements. Ix
response o ghat request; this repgrt -;sets' forth a se sie$ of examples,
e9cluding, ,ever, .:.theBtion of major US ?n ve`s connected with defense arrange-
m
ts
c
en
, sin
e there is no need.to illustrate-Soviet., sensitivity to any,
action that serves to strengthen; the military position of:the' US
soviet laader:s : re rd' as :'an actual . - - < ';
oz* potential `t: neat .to. their paver
position. finlike nos~t governments, however, th Soviet leaders have both .. ..
a near psychopathic iyper' 3insitiv ty.toward tyre ts,..real.hnd imagined, and
an unusual.,~i.efinittl6n of " at aoris itutes power.
This h ersensitivit~ -p ..
asp 3' p#nga f rem a - rii of arruro'es'i: the
suspicions :insvttebl r bred by,a_ny aftospheres of conspiracy, the anxieties
impligit jn;, `any :reg'lme t atM ru es bp ntxeroibn 't-pther- than by :'bnsent,, the
tensions or... totalitsridni'sm, :tb wdigtr lot inherent in their gui'din'g premise
of immutable, hostilitI between.,Qe miunis a =and }non Qc mmwnistee ...
Their concept of power is ales; -vmique, Por them power is not confined
simply to control of the "political apparatus; it. is.. implicit inT all human
activity, Accustomed as revo.lut:i?n ri+ss` to' exploiting: even minor
organizations and f unctions to enhan~c;e: their 'po1itIoal influence, they are
understandably ovary, tame the r.:become rulers ofr'4ny.-independent group or
activity. .Since in their view power. is pcit:ep ial1y everywhere, they insist
above .all on gonoentrating in"their own hands a com letee monopoly of.'
power total in quantity, absolute in quali y, t ?a11 facets of Soviet life,
from composing.poetry to b ee~iing.. cattle Strus the'recor.,e come under their `
control, To: tolerate freO dom.of choicer ti ividuals wowdzbe,. in their
outlook,' a;.a Commxunist a a. d
virtual glossing over Tito ts~..oxistebci. Most
Communist,- Pro
,pagan &. OA Tito is directed, to, Yugoslavia. ?Pr av taelffor .exatrtpl`s, .,devoted less
than 0.5 percea of its f
'
oreign "owe spac
1955 t Ys
e no ? .ugoola v a',
vvirr 111rJ4 rJ.AJr
SEUURIT'X? IN$'OIIO~T
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SEC II '42MATION
Sino.So,vi?t..Relti, ns
US Aot.ioasT Seorete;i- r?Ache'aon Oh January 12, 19513 cnargea ay cne
Nationa rasa Club that the I SR' was detaching Manchuria and others
areas from China and had completed this process in, Outer Mongolia,
S.gviet Reactions After, acre than a week's silence,the, Soviet press
on January 2 carried a TASS, di sliatoh from Peiping -attacking the,. Acheson
statement. Soviet Foreign Minister Vyshins ^ on January 22 went- to the
...length of issuing a formal statement which denounced Achesonrs "absurd"
and "ax~nstroui" rexi rks,,, For .several weeks 'Sovpropaganda continued
to attack ..the !.cheson stift . temerit along these.. lines .and said that the US
the alliance b Teen the USSR and communist
'ot
wa.s trying in In-to split
China, O ter Mongolia also" issued a' for al denial which wa.s given con-'
eider le publicity., by Moscow and Peiping.
Co hi s Soviet reaction betra ys a sensitivity to any
suggest c t the USSR is encroaching on Ch neseCoribnuniat sovereignty,.
[] fiction: The dS press durinl .the Ge~nera ;Assembly .,session in
negotiating behind the scenes ,on the Korean issue.
the VS : Ggdarnment, on October..25 had
Soviet Reaction: Al thou
already denied ese report s, TASS on November 3'6190 "issued a deiial.
Coiimeut: he TASt deriiel appears ; to be a further =effort to make
Ilea .to p ng that Moscow mas not negotiating behind 'its backs on an
issue,v tal tr the Chinesc ContnunIgts, C'ongorselyst whenyjhinsky on
wneam'h ar F . A rineunc ed Peininp!* s abmolet e " su'e Sort for . hi`s'.. re.l ec' inn on
thy. Ind ~n resolution on Kq ea, it ? appeared to rtdioate Con'munist ".anxiety
,
to ke dear STrio-Soviet solidarity-.
Soviet Espionage
with.comtrdtting espionage on' behalf of the SSR? t has also` requested
the -.USSR :et times to , wi thdrsw' Soviet. officials n hie country
:;?; (Gubitchev, NO?rlkov) who have been impIi3 tad` in espio age.
Soviet React p s ..Moscow devoted .considerable effort to denouncing
as US-ins Pi4T4 sr" the findinge in the anadian spy t ials og 1946.
Sinc..e that time., . however,,. Moscow has a.ppare t'I3r, fel i silfienae, to be a better
policy. _ Soviet; m~d a in: general , cgmnplet.el ignore .these, develp ends.
4lthou '~ S.ovtet. pro garde ePO t~d t e, Gubito'hev .case,; it neverr rovealed
,..
the ,ea iipaaa:ge aspect s, The-Soviet `tTniari has. ignored the' on erg oases
and while the satellites have discussed it "is' evidence of . a.. pa'r`eecution
of "progressives" and Jews, they have omitted any mention of the espionage
charges, except for one Bulgarian broadcast.
G0NFIDENTIAL
CURYfYINFORMATION
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CONFIDENTIAL lwi
SFICU,RITY INFORMATION
Co? nt t Sime the USSR is the. self-styled champion of peace and
cobpera it refuses to, admit, even. by denials, that it is engaged in
espionage activity.,,
US Aotion: The US press and: other media ha't'e publicized the un-
precede, e num er of refugees fleeing from East .Germany, particularly in
Soviet Bloc Reaotioxi ', Soviet sensitivity both h td,'the exodus, of.,
refugees -an .to US publicity has beep,demonstrated by the increased con?,-
t rpl= measures taken t o' b look movements . into West .B.erlip. and ,by the_
gymnastics of the East . German propaganda, line in, attempting tci. explain the
situation. the. propagandists have tried the themes . the three tiffs .as
many refugees flee to -East Germany than: to the` hest, that :refugees from
'
East Germany
are few, in number, that they are largely "criminals "
saboteurs," "big landowners,"' and.. "sc,um," that a ,dire, .fate a rai'ts`any
East German iefugeenaxd'.that:,many :'are now disillusioned`.,and"'-wish to.. return
that the East German regime is !rgenertis" and welcomes anrefugee that
wishes to return.- Finally ' East, German Premier Grotewohl._felt it necessary
sought to reassure the East German population .that "No decent person here
who does his work-an'-d'
czbya, the law. ,., has any reason to seek the despair
Comment:' The Caitimutf'st authorities appear.ta be caught,, here between
two sensi ties,,,; On one handy they are obviously'6Oncerixed .over the loss'.
the other hand, they are appareptly reluctapt for the present, to' establish
since any advance preparation' fqr,.such., a measure woult undoubtedly prep pitate
'
a sharp increase in
the `fi.ow cif. refugees, before a,co;ess to Peet... Perlin >wae. ;.?
completely sealed off a#id w,quld pace upon the,USSR tho'
resptons..bilty "for'.
,
splitting Berlino
US A ctioon% The Gong'res-s: Th' Oct0&,r 'l9'51_pas'sed tKe. Mutual Sacurity
acre kmm), ino ucing aprovision' for approptiations "not to exceed
ti 100,COO,OO0 ..,. for ax y,selected persons who ar,,O resi,dix g" in or' escapees
from the Soviet Union, Poland., Czech oslovakia Hungary,.."Rumania.; Bulgaria
Albania, Lithtaania, Latvia and.Estonia, or.the Cotah sat,-d urinate .areas Hof''
Germany and Austria, and any` other countries :;.absorbed by the;Soviet Union
either to form such persons into ~eleme:ntts of the military' forces support;,
ing the North Atlantic Treaty Or:ganiz.at'ion.or or,;,6t er ;purpose ,when'it;
is similarly determined by the ?resident that such-,assistance Will con
tribute to the defense of the North Atlantic ;`area and to-the'ecurrity of
the United States." President Ei s:eihower, in';hi s , sppeeoh.to the American
Legion on August 25, 1962, urged s.upport': f or :,ti e?.ultzmst?e "liberation" of
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12
Soviet Bloc Actions Beginning With a note' to the U5 on Novembers 21,
1951, the made e A the basis for a full-scale propaganda` and
diplomatic offensive against,the US, including debate on the Act before
the UN General Assembly. Protests were made to the US or the UN by all of
the Eastern European satellite## with the main difference' in `them being the
"evidence" cited to bolster charges of subversion.. This..oampaigu rais
preceded and accompaniedby a flurry of "spy" trials in Eastern Europe and
by appeals to the population to maintain "vigilance." The campaign sub-
sided in early 1952 but revived in the autumn, partly in response to the
statements made during the US presidential campaign on ."liberation" of
Eastern Europe. Pravda on Augusts29, comeuting on the Eisenhower speech
of August 25 painTec aphighly alarmist picture of US' policy in the event
he were elected. The areas he planned to "conquer"' were spelled out and
his alleged policy was described as one that would dictate a "military
decision" to.the Soviet people. At the 19th'Soviet Party Congress, a
Latvian party spokesman scoffed at the, possibility that Eisenhower would
succeed in his alleged designs. Eastern European comments on the
Presidentt.s election were particularly vitriolic in' their attacks on his
"liberation" policy. The campaign for "greater vigilance" has reached a
peak in recent weeks.
?Comment Soviet and satellite efforts to increase vigilance within
the orb an ,through an intensive propaganda campaign, to frighten
allies of the US with the prospect of their being led into a war through
US irresponsibility clearly indicate Moscow's sensitivity. ? The various
US statements on the subject of future freedom of the Soviet satellite
countries were quickly spread among the orbit populations. Scattered
intelligence reports agreed that one of the results of these statements
and of Eisenhowerts subsequent election was a quickening of popular hope
of ultimate liberation. There can be no doubt that the Kremlin is concerned
over the possibility of a concerted US campaign, of subversion against the
satellite regimes,, regardless of the confidence` it may have in its own
security organs and controls. More important, however, is the Kremlin's
concern over popular expectations of such infiltration, If large .portions
of the satellite populations believe that the US is engaged in a systematic
program of subverting the Communist dictatorships they are apt to. become
less tractable -- not necessarily in any spectacular way, but in small
"passive" ways whose ownuNtive effect would be at least to impede the
efficiency of the regime. To deflate any hope of US success the'
Communist regimes have ridiculed the Eisenhower and Dulles statements and
also staged several "discoveries" and "liquidations" of allegedUS,spy
rings, in which the testimony emphasized the ineptness and stupidity of the
alleged spies, and the ease with which they were caught,. At the same .time
the Communist regimes have been intensifying their vigilance drive.
Polish-Germany Boundary Issue
~ rim I M
tion' The ITS information service has occasionally reminded
Tye e
c
the Poles Na' , quite aside from all questions of the ultimate rightness
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SECURITY INFORMATION 13
or wrongness of Poland t8 claim to, thAi O&or+-Ne'is'se 'territories, Poland
has no solid hold on these territories so long as the USSR remains their
sole guarantor. US spokesmen point out that the Soviet, avsrnmezaxt can and
may transfer some of these territories back to the Germans if it ever
serves a Soviet political purpose to ..do st:
S viet Bloc Reaction: -A ' main 'element of Polish Communist propaganda
is the p +. nonce a th Oder-NeJ.ase frontier and the a.1leged fixity of
Comment: The'Polish