AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE IN THE TROPICS (U) PROJECT ART

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 121
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 3, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 15, 1965
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved Fore Release 20MfMDt80-01333A00,0300140001-1
TECHNICAL REPORT ECOM- 2569
*ARMY Declass/Release Instructions On File*
AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE IN THE TROPICS IUI
PROJECT ART
15 MARCH 1965
B Y,
Joseph A. Levy
Image Interpretation and Transmission Technical Area
Combat Surveillance/Target Acquisition Laboratory
U.S. Army Electronics Laboratory
William T. Pollock
Infrared Physics Laboratory
Institute of Science and Technology
The University of Michigan
U.S. ARMY ELECTRONICS LABORATORIES
U.S. ARMY ELECTRONICS COMMAND
FORT MONMOUTH, NEW JERSEY
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V. . . : : . . .. . .
:.:. so .
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DDC AVAILABILITY NOTICE
U. S. military agencies may obtain copies of this report directly from DDC. Other
qualified users shall request through CS/TA Laboratory, USAEL, Fort Monmouth,
N. J., ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HI.
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the
Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
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 Approved For Release 20tJ DfOE 80-01333A000300140001-1
UNF
TECHNICAL REPORT ECOM-2569
AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE IN THE TROPICS (U)
PROJECT ART
15 March 1965
:z?v rx rI18 G FS@r~ 'fa SO !T - z2 4.-:/ l'f 0` "
By
Joseph A. Levy
Image Interpretation and Transmission Technical Area
Combat Surveillance /Target Acquisition Laboratory
U. S. Army Electronics Laboratory
Infrared Physics Laboratory
Institute of Science and Technology
The University of Michigan
U. S. Army Electronics Laboratories
U. S. Army Electronics Command
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey
NOTICE: This material contains information affecting the national de-
fense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws,
Title 18, U.S.C., Sections 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of
which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Downgraded at 12 Year Intervals;
Not Automatically Declassified. DOD Dir 5200.10
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(U) FOREWORD
This report contains a liberal sampling of aerial photography and imagery in an
attempt to present graphic illustrations of the results obtained during Project ART.
It must be pointed out, however, that due to the unavoidable degradations incurred
in the photographic reproductions appearing in this report, many of the details
contained in'the originals were lost. This is particularly true for the color and
the halftone reproductions. Some glossy prints are presented in an attempt to
preserve the quality of the originals for illustrating purposes; however, the cost
of this reproduction method precluded its general use throughout this report.
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 Project A ,proved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
(U) ABSTRACT
Project ART was a multisensor surveillance exercise conducted by the U. S. Army
Electronics Laboratories (USAEL) in the Panama Canal Zone during the early
spring of 1964. The primary purpose of the exercise was to collect conventional
aerial photography and side-looking airborne radar and infrared imagery over
counterinsurgency types of targets and situations in the tropics to be used in the
following:
(1) Assessing the value of these sensors for use in counterinsurgency
surveillance and reconnaissance work over tropical terrain.
(2) Human factors tests and studies being performed in the development
of image interpretation equipments and techniques.
In addition to these sensors, which included three infrared sets, one SLAR, and
three aerial cameras, aerial radiometric readings were also taken during Project
ART in support of a USAEL meteorological experiment.
The Project ART final report describes the equipments used to obtain the imagery
and the radiometric readings, the ground operations, and the data handling in the
field and discusses the results of the analysis of the imagery and other data at the
Laboratories.
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(U) TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
B. Airborne Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C. Ground Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 TERRAIN, CLIMATE, AND TARGET ARRAYS .
4 DESCRIPTION OF SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A. Site I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
B. Site II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C. Sites III and IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
D. Site V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
E. Sites VI and VII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
F. Site VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
G. Site IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
H. Site X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5 FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND DATA HANDLING IN THE
FIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6 DISCUSSION OF MULTISENSOR RESULTS . . . . . . . . 40
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
B. Site I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C. Site II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D. Sites III and IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
E. Site V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
F. Site VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
G. Site IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
H. Site X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
I. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7 DISCUSSION OF RADIOMETRIC RESULTS . . . . . . . . 91
8 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
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(U) TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
Page
9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
10
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
11
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
DISTRIBUTION LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
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(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 JC - 47J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 U-1 A Otter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Multisensor Coverage Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Vegetation - Fort Sherman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Landforms - Fort Sherman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6 Project ART Site Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7 Detailed Sketch of Site I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8 Ground View of Ambush at Site I Taken from the Road . . . . 21
9 Detailed Sketch of Site II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10 Cayuca in Open Water at Site II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11 Partially Concealed Cayuca at Site II . . . . . . . . . . . 24
12 Detailed Sketch of Sites III and IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13 Ground View of Leading Vehicles of Convoy at Site IV . . . . 26
14 Detailed Sketch of Site V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
15 Aerial Oblique of Canopy Cover Meteorological Tower
at Site V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
16 Bridge across the Rio Congo River at Site VIII . . . . . . . 30
17 Aerial Oblique of Canopy Cover at Site VIII . . . . . . . . . 31
18 Detailed Sketch of Site VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
Page
19 View of Jungle Trail Used as the Location for
Site IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
20 Ground View of Ambush at Site IX Taken from the Road . . .
32
21 Rear View of Ambush at Site IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
22 Aerial Oblique Showing Sea Caves and Canopy Cover
at Site X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
23 Typical 12-Inch Firepot Placed in Sea Cave at Site X . . . .
33
24 Detailed Sketch of Site X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
25 Site I - KA-50A, Black and White, Minus Blue Filter . . . .
43
26 Site I - KA-50A, Black and White Infrared . . . . . . . . .
43
27 Site I - KA-50A, Color (Ektachrome) . . . . . . . . . . .
45
28 Site I - KA-50A, Color Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
29 Ambush at Site I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
30 Site I - KA-39, Black and White . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
31 Site I - KA-39, Color (Anscochrome) . . . . . . . . . . .
50
32 AN/APQ-86 SLAR Imagery of Site I . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
33 Site I - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 500 Feet,
141132 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
34 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
140433 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
35 Site I - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5,u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
140433 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
36 Site I - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
140454 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
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(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
Page
37 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5,u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
141117 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
38 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 2. 0-2. 6u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
141123 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
39 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 4. 5-5. 5?, Altitude 1000 Feet,
141129 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
40 Site I - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
141123 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
41 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5y, Altitude 500 Feet,
141140 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
42 Site I - M-2 Scanner, 2. 0-2. 6,u, Altitude 500 Feet,
141137 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
43 Site I - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5,u, Altitude 500 Feet,
141137 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
44 Site II - UAS-5, 1. 05-5. 5,u, Altitude 1250 Feet,
211920 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
45 Site II - KA-50A, Black and White, WR G12 . . . . . . .
60
46 Site IV - KA-50A, Color Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
47 Site IV - KA-50A, Black and White Infrared . . . . . . .
64
48 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5 p, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150417 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
49 Sites III and IV - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5p, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150417 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
50 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150817 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
51 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 2. 0-2. 6u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150810 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
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Project ART
(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
Page
52 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 4. 5- 5. 5,u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150803 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
53 Sites III and IV - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 150810 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
54 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5p, Altitude
500 Feet, 150829 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
55 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 2. 0-2. 6u, Altitude
500 Feet, 150835 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
56 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 4. 5-5. 5u, Altitude
500 Feet, 150841 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
57 Sites III and IV - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 152049 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
58 Sites III and IV - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude
1000 Feet, 152049 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
59 Site V - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
150447 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
60 Site V - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
150505 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
61 Site V - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
150817 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
62 Site V - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
150817 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
63 Site V - M- 2 Scanner, 1.0- 5. 5 u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
152018 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
64 Site V - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
152018 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
65 Site VIII - KA-50A, Black and White, WR G12 . . . . . . .
79
66 Site VIII - KA-50A, Color (Ektachrome), WR 1A . . . . . .
79
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(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
Page
67 Site VIII - M-2 Scanner, 1. 0-5. 5p, Altitude 1000 Feet,
170423 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
68 Site VIII - M-2 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
162020 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
69 Site VIII - D-2 Scanner, 8. 5-13. 5p, Altitude 1000 Feet,
162020 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
70 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 1. 0- 5. 5 p, Altitude 1000 Feet,
200420 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
71 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5,u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
200810 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
72 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 4. 5-5. 5p, Altitude 1000 Feet,
200821 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
73 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5u, Altitude 500 Feet,
200826 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
74 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 4. 5- 5. 5u, Altitude 500 Feet,
200823 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
75 Site X - M-1 Scanner, 1.0-5. 5u, Altitude 1000 Feet,
202029 April 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
76 Percentage of Vehicles Detected as a Function of Degree
of Canopy Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
77 Spurious Signals Associated with Scanner Operation in
High Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
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(U) LIST OF CHARTS
Chart
Page
1 Project ART Test Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 Project ART Equipment and Personnel . . . . . . . . .
3
3 Project ART Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
4 Times of Site Stagings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
5 Percentage of Vehicles and Firepots Detected as a Function
of Degree of Canopy Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
(U) LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1 Description of Canopy at Each Site . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2 Infrared Regions Investigated during Project ART . . . .
35
3 Detections per Pass as a Function of Time of Day
and Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
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SECTION 1
(U) INTRODUCTION
The U. S. Army Electronics Laboratories (USAEL) of the U. S. Army Electronics
Command conducted a combat surveillance exercise in the Panama Canal Zone
during April 1964. This exercise, closely supported by the U. S. Army Personnel
Research Office, the U. S. Army Tropic Test Center, and Project MICHIGAN of
the Institute of Science and Technology of the University of Michigan, had as its
primary aim the acquisition of aerial photography and side-looking airborne radar
and infrared imagery over targets that were representative of counterinsurgency
operations in an environment generally typical of that existing in Southeast Asia.
The exercise, dubbed Project ART (an acronym for Aerial Reconnaissance in the
Tropics), actually was one of a series of multisensor exercises conducted during
the past three years by USAEL to obtain simultaneously conventional aerial photo-
graphy, side-looking airborne radar, and infrared imagery of tactically deployed
weapons, vehicles, emplacements, and personnel under a variety of tactical
conditions. These multisensor exercises support USAEL's extensive research
and development effort in image interpretation equipments and techniques.
In addition, the need for information concerning the utility of these airborne sen-
sors in Southeast Asia is recognized, and thus this need coupled with USAEL's
general requirement for tropical imagery suggested that a multisensor exercise
be conducted in a tropical environment.
The primary uses for the imagery collected during Project ART were then estab-
lished as follows:
(1)
To assess the value of these airborne surveillance sensors individually
and conjointly in detecting and identifying counterinsurgency type of
targets in a tropical environment generally similar to that found in
Southeast Asia, particularly in South Vietnam.
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Section 1
(2) To be used in the USAEL-sponsored human factors tests and studies
which support the Laboratories' research and development effort in
interpretation equipments and techniques.
(3) To provide background and imagery for development of surveillance
information processing equipments and systems.
(4) To be used in the improving of these sensors for intelligence functions.
(5) To assist in determining interaction between sensors when used in a
multisensor configuration.
(6) To assist in developing and determining the general capabilities and
limitations of these sensors for field operations.
(7) To aid in evaluating equipment concepts prior to the development of new
generation equipment.
(8) To aid in the development of research keys and target signatures.
(9) To provide a basis for the development of maintenance and logistics
concepts.
This report was prepared in fulfillment of items 1, 6, 8, and 9.
In some respects, this test program represented a logical extension of the Air
Force's TROPICAN exercise performed in Puerto Rico in March 1963. While both
the Army (during Project ART) and the Air Force (during Project TROPICAN) in-
vestigated the uses of these sensors to perform counterinsurgency (COIN) surveil-
lance over the jungles and both investigated infrared firepot responses, the Army,
in addition, utilized vehicles, boats, and troops trained in guerrilla warfare in
authentic stagings of COIN type of situations. In addition, the Air Force restricted
their infrared investigations to the short-wave response InSb cell while the Army
investigated the infrared band from the shortest infrared waves out to 13. 5 microns.
Finally, the Army utilized an improved-resolution AN/APQ-86 SLAR, while during
TROPICAN the AN/APQ-55 was used.
Chart 1 presents the Project ART test concept, and Chart 2 is a brief listing of the
equipments used and the personnel who participated in the exercise.
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1. Establish eight controlled target areas in a variety of tropical environmental
backgrounds, each control area to contain three or more specific target
types.
2. Target types to include cooking fires and campfires, a minimum of three
types of combat vehicles, ambush sites, trenches, small boat activity,
troops, encampments, bivouacs, camouflage, caves, etc in areas from open
grasslands to multistoried rain forests.
3. To overfly these situations with three or more infrared sensors, three or
more aerial cameras, and a high resolution side-looking airborne radar.
4. To precisely document and record all "ground truth" information of each
situation for reference and study.
Chart 1. Project ART Test Concept
EQUIPMENT
DIRECT SUPPORT PERSONNEL
1.
JC-47J Aircraft (USAEL - Multisensor) USAEL and Ft Monmouth
26
USAPRO
1
a.
AN/APQ-86 SLAR
HRB-Singer (through RADC)
1
b.
AN/UAS-5 IR
USATTC
4
c.
Paired KA-50A Cameras
Project MICHIGAN
12
d.
Radiometer
Albrook AFB, Panama
3
10th Inf
9th Bn
40
2.
,
JC-47J Aircraft (Project MICHIGAN -
IR Lab) TOTAL
87
a.
b.
c.
d.
Modified AN/AAD-2 IR
Modified AN/AAR-9 IR
P-220 Camera
Tape Recorder
3.
U- 1A Aircraft
KA-39 Camera
4.
Modified AAFCS-M-33 Radar Tracker
5.
Processing Van, Radio Trucks, etc
6.
Ground Documentation Support Equipment
Chart 2. Project ART Equipment and Personnel
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Project ART CONFIDENTIAL
(C) EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS
A. GENERAL
Three aircraft took part in Project ART. These three were the multisensor-
equipped USAEL JC-47J, Project MICHIGAN's flying infrared laboratory JC-47J,
and a single-sensor-equipped U- 1A Otter. Figure 1 is a photograph of the
USAEL's JC-47J, and Figure 2 of an Otter. The two JC-47J's were multisensor
instrumented and along with the Otter were flown in such a manner as to obtain
near simultaneous coverage by all sensors of the ground target arrays. The
Otter aircraft was also flown in support of the ground truth operation.
B. AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT
1. USAEL JC-47J
The USAEL JC-47J was instrumented with a modified AN/APQ-86 side-looking
airborne radar, an AN/UAS-5 infrared system, two KA-50A aerial cameras, and
a Barnes radiometer. All sensors were programmed to be operating on each
mission, and thus simultaneous ground coverage was provided by the cameras, the
IR, and the radiometer. On alternate passes "over" the target arrays, the SLAR
provided radar coverage of the ground targets. Figure 3 shows the coverage
pattern provided by these four sensors.
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Section 2
 Project Approved For Release 2001/V9 7F16 XL0-01333A000300140001-1 Section 2
RADIOMETER
VIEW OF
SENSOR COVERAGE
Figure 3. (U) Multisensor Coverage Patterns
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CONFIDENTIAL
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 Project h oved For Release 2001/09/~bQbERfPAL01333A000300140001-1
25X4
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 Project AP"roved For Release 2001/09 iN 'M -01333A000300140001-1 Section 2
the extent that it is affected by the yellow filter. Like its black-and-
white counterpart, color IR has a haze penetration potential which when
utilized with a blue-eliminating filter seriously limits detail content in
shadow areas.
(4) Ektachrome Aerographic Film (E. I. 16), about equally sensitive to all
visible colors, was utilized to exploit the different colors of objects,
which often is one of the most important clues in photographic interpre-
tation.
d. Barnes Radiometer. The infrared radiometer used in Project ART is a
Barnes Portable Radiation Thermometer (PRT), Model 14-310. The system con-
sists of a sensing head, electronic unit, recorder amplifier (laboratory-built),
and an Esterline Angus recorder. The radiometer measures temperature by
comparing the self-radiation of the target with the known radiation from a black-
body reference cavity, controlled at +82?C in this instrument. The entering
radiation and cavity radiation are modulated by a two-bladed 90-degree-segment
mirror chopper rotating at 100 cps. The voltage output of the instrument is pro-
portional therefore to the differential radiation and can be converted to tempera-
ture if the emissivity of the target is known. The readout is a direct reading of
temperature in the range of -40 to +60?C. A filter restricts the spectral range to
7. 5 to 13 microns in wavelength, thus avoiding absorption by carbon dioxide,
water vapor, and other constituents of the atmosphere.
The field of view of the PRT is 20 degrees. When looking normally at a surface
target area from an altitude of 100 feet, the instrument measures the average
surface temperature of a circular area of approximately 1000 square feet.
2. Project MICHIGAN JC-47J
The Project MICHIGAN JC-47J is instrumented with two infrared scanners and a
small-format aerial camera. (The photography taken with this camera was poor
and not utilized; hence, no further reference to this camera or the photography is
made.) In addition to the scanner equipment, instrumentation is included in the
aircraft for monitoring scanner performance and for both film recording and tape
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 Project AH'1' roved For Release 2001 /0~ 7~ AIWPA8O-01333A000300140001-1
Section 2
recordings of the outputs of the scanners. While only two scanners may be flown
simultaneously in the Project MICHIGAN configuration, three scanners were taken
to the field in order to exploit the variety of conditions expected in Project ART.
a. M- 1 Scanner. The M-1 scanner was built by Project MICHIGAN and uses
an AN/AAR-9 four-sided scanning mirror, parabolic collecting mirror, and gyro-
stabilization system. The optical system, with a focal length of 10 inches, is the
Newtonian type to permit vertical mounting of liquid-cooled detectors.
While the scanner design permits mounting of either short-wavelength or long-
wavelength detectors, the primary mode of operation (and that used in Project
ART) is with a liquid nitrogen-cooled indium antimonide (InSb) detector. The
wavelength sensitivity of this detector is 1. 0 to 5. 5,u ; with the filters used in
Panama, this band was also broken down to intervals of 2. 0 to 2. 6,u and 4. 5 to
5. 5u, providing a capability to successively sample three wavelength regions.
With the 1/2 x 1/2 mm InSb detector used in Panama, the instantaneous field of
view of the scanner is 2 milliradians.
The scanning mirror of the M-1 scanner is driven by a variable-speed d-c motor
whose speed is adjusted to the proper V/H ratio of the aircraft. The over-all
scanning angle is approximately 72 degrees.
A unique feature of the M-1 scanner is the mechanism that permits operation in a
"framing" mode. A cam system rocks the scanner in a fore and aft direction,
such that each point at ground surface is scanned three times, giving frames of
imagery in which ground points are presented from three viewpoints - forward
oblique, vertical, and rearward oblique. This framing mode of operation was
developed to explore detection probability as a function of multiple-looking and
oblique viewing. In addition, the necessary condition for infrared stereoscopy
is met. While available during Project ART and programmed for use at the end
of the field effort, this "framing" mode was not used due to aircraft problems that
forced early completion of Project MICHIGAN participation.
b. M-2 Scanner. The M-2 scanner is functionally similar to the M-1 scanner.
Evolved from the M- 1, this scanner differs in having improved electronics and
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Project A CONFIDENTIAL
Section 2
in-flight selectable focal length; through a folding mirror system, both 10-inch
and 20-inch focal lengths are selectively available. The M-2 was developed partic-
ularly for studying high resolution infrared effects and provides a 1/2-milliradian
field of view when used with the 20-inch focal length optics and a 1/4 x 1/4 mm
detector. The M-2 does not have a "framing" mode of operation. In Project ART,
only the 10-inch optics were used, which in combination with the 1/2 x 1/2 mm
detector used, provides a 2- milliradian field of view.
c. D-2 Scanner. This scanner, officially designated the AN/AAD-2, is on
loan to the University of Michigan from the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research
and Engineering Laboratory. The D-2 has been modified to accept the large
Dewars associated with long-wavelength detectors and to improve electrical band-
width. The primary mode of operation is with a liquid-helium-cooled, mercury
doped germanium (Ge:Hg) detector sensitive to wavelengths of 8. 5 to 13. 5,u. The
system has 3. 25-inch collecting optics with a 6-inch focal length; the instantaneous
field of view of the scanner when equipped with a 1/2 x 1/2 mm detector such as
that used in Project ART is 3. 0 milliradians. The over-all scanning angle is
approximately 120 degrees.
Of the three scanners, only the D-2 has an internal recording system. In the
scanner, a glow-tube modulated by amplified signals from the detector is used
to expose 70-mm format film. While not having internal recording systems, both
the M-1 and the M-2 scanners are equipped to feed detector signals to a recording
rack in the JC-47J aircraft so that oscilloscopic exposure of 70-mm film in a
direct record mode is possible.
The primary configuration, and that used in Project ART missions, has either
the M-1 or the M-2 in one instrumentation well of the aircraft and the D-2 scanner
in the other well. With this combination, spectral sampling of 1. 0 - 5. 5,u, 2. 0 -
2. 6,u, or 4. 5 - 5. 5,u (selected in-flight), and 8. 5 - 13. 5,u is simultaneously possi-
ble. With this configuration, both inflight direct-record imagery and tape-recorded
signals are provided. In the presentation of Project ART infrared results con-
tained in this report, only direct-record imagery, contact printed from the direct-
record 70-mm film, is presented.
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 Project A,fWroved For Release 2001 1O9gJNFq RYP O-01333A000300140001-1
3. U- lA Otter
The Otter aircraft was instrumented with a KA-39A camera.
Section 2
a. KA-39A Camera. Manufactured by Chicago Aerial Industries for use in the
SD-1 Drone and the L- 19A manned aircraft, the KA-39A was designed for low-to-
medium altitude day-or-night photographic reconnaissance. It utilizes a 6-inch
focal-length lens having a 37-degree half-angle field of view. The maximum aper-
ture setting is f/6. 3, and the two shutter speeds in the day mode are 1/150 and
1/300 second. The camera requires 28 VDC for automatic operation and employs
a between-the-lens shutter. The camera uses a 75-foot capacity film magazine
with a 9-inch by 9-inch format, which has a maximum number of 95 exposures
per roll.
The KA-39A used primarily standard-speed panchromatic Eastman Kodak Plus-X
Aerecon Film (Type 8401, E. I. 80). On two flights, however, experimental Ultra-
Speed Anscochrome Film (FPC 132 ASA 200) was used in this camera.
C. GROUND EQUIPMENT
The primary items of ground equipment were a ground-tracking radar and ground-
to-air radio equipment. Various and sundry meteorological equipments were also
employed; however, all ground equipments represented support units only.
1. AAFCS M-33 Ground Tracking Radar
A modified AAFCS M-33 ground tracking radar was used to record aircraft posi-
tion data and to control and maintain flight lines of the Laboratories' JC-47J under
beacon track. Flight line control was by voice communication to indicate variations
from desired track. This control was especially needed during after-dusk and
predawn flights. The plotting board and computer had been modified (on another
program) to handle any one of four map scales - 1 : 25, 000, 1 : 50, 000, 1 : 100, 000,
and 1 : 250, 000. The radar was installed in the fenced-in Hawk Missile area on
the Atlantic side of the Canal so as to provide line-of-sight tracking over the tar-
get areas.
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 Project AApproved For Release 2001 /03N l -FWA-01333A000300140001-1
Section 2
2. AN/GRC-46 and AN/PRC-10 Radio Equipment
An M-37 truck containing an AN/GRC-46 radio was used for communications
between the ground tracker and the aircraft. AN/PRC-10 walkie-talkies provided
the ground-to-ground communications between members of the ground truth team.
In addition, these radios were also used for ground-to-air-to-ground communi-
cations between the aircraft and the ground truth team.
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 Project ARg'pproved For Release 2001 /Q I( }IRJ L80-01333A000300140001-1
SECTION 3
(C) TERRAIN, CLIMATE, AND TARGET ARRAYS
The Canal Zone was selected for these tests because of its close similarity to
that of Southeast Asia. The target sites in the Canal Zone were located at eleva-
tions ranging from sea level to 400 feet above sea level, which closely approxi-
mates the South Vietnam Delta region. The environs of Panama and Vietnam are
strikingly similar in climatology and vegetation. Both are monsoonal tropical
climates with two seasons, wet and dry, each lasting approximately five months
with two months transitional. Temperature averages are almost identical, since
the average temperature of Panama is 79?F, and the average temperature for
Vietnam is 81?F. Panama has a higher average precipitation with 120 inches a
year, while the average precipitation in Vietnam is 90 inches a year. The
vegetation of Panama is mainly dense broadleaf deciduous and evergreen, with
thick scrub undergrowth and some open savannah grasslands. The vegetation of
Vietnam is much the same, having dense broadleaf deciduous and evergreen
forests with dense canopies and several stories of thick undergrowth, and some
savannah-type grasslands.
Of particularly close similarity to Southeast Asia is the Fort Sherman Area on
the Atlantic side of the Canal. Figures 4 and 5 are maps of the Fort Sherman
Area, showing the vegetation and landforms respectively.
Despite the fact that Fort Sherman could not support the flight operations of the
two JC-47J's, the decision to use this area of the Zone as the tactical exercise
area was deemed wise because of the wide range of topographic samples and
vegetation conditions and because of the close similarity to Southeast Asia. This
decision received further support from the fact that the jungle warfare school
was located at Fort Sherman and used this area for training purposes. Assistance
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 Project droved For Release 2001/09/07: CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
RAIN
FOREST
PASTURE
LAND
COASTAL
THICKET
CARIBBEAN
RAFFIA SEA
sMANGROVE
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GATUN
LAKE
Figure 4. (U) Vegetation - Fort Sherman
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LIMON
BAY
 Project Aft proved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
BELOW CHAGRESMOJINGA
20 FEET GATUN LOWLANDS
LIMON BAY
LOWLANDS
CARIBBEAN SHORE
LOWLANDS
CARIBBEAN
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LIMON
BAY
GATUN
LAKE
Figure 5. (U) Landforms - Fort Sherman
Section 3
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 Project Approved For Release 2001 /0C9/8~FISI AV-01333A000300140001-1
from the school in setting up and maintaining the ground target arrays was solic-
ited and provided through 1st Lt David Briggs, 3rd Platoon, Company C, 4th
Battalion, 10th Infantry, and the 40 men of his platoon.
All of the missions of Project ART were flown in the period 14 - 22 April 1964.
In the Canal Zone, April is associated with the transition from the dry, virtually
rain-free winter season to the spring rain season. April 1964 proved to be repre-
sentative of this trend, with the result that the early missions of the project were
made during relatively dry-surface, medium-humidity conditions, with subsequent
missions under conditions of saturated surface and high humidity. During the ex-
ercise period, ambient temperature ranged between 75 and 85?F, with the relative
humidity varying between 67 and 97 percent. Cloudiness is also characteristic of
the tropical rain season; during Project ART, broken to continuous cloud cover
with bases at about 1500 feet was the no-exception rule.
Figure 6 is a map of the Fort Sherman area showing the locations of the 10 ground
sites. The locations of these sites were selected in order to present the greatest
possible variety of terrain and jungle growth, the vegetation varying from the
short-grass savannah at Site I through tropical rain forests with a variety of
canopy heights and densities to the heavy single-story jungle growth of Site III.
Table 1 gives a brief description of the canopy cover at each of the eight sites
implemented. From the map of Figure 6 one can observe how close together
substantially different biotic environments were found. Controlled situations were
staged at each of these sites to represent a variety of possible guerrilla operations
including mounted patrol, road ambush, bivouac (to include vehicle park), and
canal crossing. In each case the positions of personnel, guns, vehicles, trenches,
and camouflaged and concealed items were photographed in black and white and
sometimes in color, and carefully plotted on sketch maps. Later these positions
were plotted on the large-scale aerial KA-39A photographs of the sites taken from
the Otter aircraft. During the period that aircraft were obtaining imagery, de-
tailed temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity data were obtained for
appropriate points within each site. Numerous ground photographs were taken at
each site to support the subsequent interpretation of aerial imagery.
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CONFIDENTIAL
 Project ART
Approved For Release 2001/09/07 CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
Section 3
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Section 6
10 PHOTOGRAPHY
o IR - HOT VEHICLES
O3 ? IR - COLD VEHICLES
NO DATA
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Approved For Release 2001 /05 JN RIVFM-01333A000300140001-1
DEGREE OF CANOPY COVER
MEDIUM
TO
HEAVY
Figure 76. (C) Percentage of Vehicles Detected as a
Function of Degree of Canopy Cover
T 0 0
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MEDIUM
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 Project ARl'pproved For Release 2001/6W QP&Q`iP 80-01333A000300140001-1
Section 6
Detection of these targets drops rapidly when moved under canopy, and both sys-
tems register very low once even medium-canopy-cover conditions are encoun-
tered.
Since the single firepots at Sites VIII and X were used primarily for reference
purposes in conjunction with the more heavily concealed vehicles at these sites,
they were in these two cases placed in an area of less canopy cover than that
typical of the site in general. Hence, on the chart these two firepots are classi-
fied as being under only light cover.
90
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 Project Aproved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
(U) DISCUSSION OF RADIOMETRIC RESULTS
Previous experience with this instrument has shown that the sensing head and
electronic unit are influenced by ambient temperature, which causes errors in
temperature readout. Warm-up time of the sensing head is nearly one hour.
One solution has been to periodically check the calibration by a measurement on
melting ice during flight. This check was virtually impossible during this project
because of the type of aircraft installation. Therefore, the reliability of the
temperature measurements is questionable.
Though the spectral range of the instrument lies in an "atmospheric window, "
attenuation due to water vapor in the atmosphere is possible, and the high mois-
ture levels in the Fort Sherman area undoubtedly caused some effect on the
measurements. Another parameter that affects surface temperature measurement
is the emissivity of the surface. Development of a technique using the radio-
meter to determine emissivities in this spectral range is continuing. Attempts to
determine this quantity in the Fort Sherman area were unsatisfactory because of
the lack of a cloudless sky, which is needed for such measurements in the field.
It has been found that in temperate climates, the emissivity of vegetation approaches
1. 0 and the emissivity of water is 0. 98. The rise of water temperature as a
normalizing factor is possible in evaluation of this type of data. In the Fort
Sherman area, water temperatures were taken routinely by the Panama Canal Co
at Cristobal and Gatun. The average water temperature at Cristobal was 260 C
and at Gatun 29? C. With this in mind, the following observations are made:
(1) Surface temperatures measured during predawn and after-dusk flights
indicated little variation from the surrounding water temperatures.
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Section 7
(2) Temperatures noted during daylight flights (0900 - 1200 hours) over
the jungle were usually in the range of 27 to 32?C with occasional
rises to 35?C in cleared areas.
(3) Temperatures over man-made objects such as roads, houses, etc
were 50?C near noon.
(4) The highest temperatures measured over natural surfaces around noon
near 1200 hours were 50?C over dry grassland near the Gatun locks
and 45?C over the shoreline northwest of Fort Sherman.
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 Project Ap}oved For Release 2001/09/0 Or*LRAF~$AL01333A000300140001-1
SECTION 8
(C) CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions regarding the relative merits of the types of imagery
obtained during Project ART from the point of view of the detection and identifi-
cation of counterinsurgency-type targets and vehicular activity as well as ob-
servations on equipment operation and maintenance problems are presented based
on the limited Project ART exercise.
(1) High temperature, high humidity, extremely dense vegetation, and
the nature of counterinsurgency type of targets make the detection and
identification of these targets in tropical areas marginal, at best.
(2) The infrared scanners proved their capability to penetrate jungle
canopy. However, most targets, including the fires, went undetected
under the most extreme cases of canopy cover.
(3)
Although personnel were in no case detected with the infrared scan-
ners, their presence can be somewhat inferred from activity indi-
cators (fires, vehicles, etc) to the extent that these are identifiable.
(4) In some cases personnel in the open could be detected and identified
on photography at a scale of 1 : 1000.
(5)
Detection of small thermal sources in wet tropical environments is
maximum with an InSb detector filtered to accept energy in the 4. 5 -
5. 5p band in the daytime and with an unfiltered InSb (1. 0 - 5. 5,u)
detector in darkness. This conclusion, however, must be tempered
by the knowledge that the experiment was actually run during the dry
to wet season transitional period. Thus, weather conditions were not
as severe as is the case during at least half of the year.
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 Project AIRRroved For Release 2001 /09/8Ab i8q 01333A000300140001-1 Section 8
(6) While by no means completely explored, reconnaissance above 1000
feet with 2 - 3 milliradian scanners is probably not effective.
(7)
Color infrared, or camouflage detection, film has considerable value
for the detection and identification of objects in open sections of forest
trails or in the open grasslands. In general, it appears that this type
of film has value in tactical operations beyond its previously assigned
limited applications to camouflage detection functions.
(8) The value of black and white films and conventional color film varies
widely with the type of target and its background. However, low
inherent resolution of color film in addition to the losses incurred in
the duplication process argue against its extensive use. Also, pro-
cessing is difficult. In general, the black and white films have an
advantage particularly in view of their relatively high resolution and
better duplicability.
(9)
A radar such as the AN/APQ-86 used in Project ART can detect ob-
jects such as boats on the water and vehicles on trails if the water
area or trail is not hidden by the jungle canopy or other obstruction;
however, there was no evident microwave penetration of the rain
forest itself.
(10) The utility of multisensor imagery in the detection and identification
of objects was demonstrated during Project ART. Each sensor type
can provide an incremental amount of data in different unique situ-
ations. Controlled experiments should continue with a view toward
establishing the value and limitation of each sensor over a wide variety
of climatic or other environmental conditions so as to establish what
combinations of sensors produce the optimum information for given
intelligence information requirements.
(11) Operational sensors should be employed in addition to R&D devices in
future multisensor tests.
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J CONFIDENTIAL
Section 8
(12) Precise navigation and orientation aids are required in jungle areas
for both assuring reconnaissance coverage of a desired area and reg-
istering the location of imaged areas to other map references.
(13) The problems associated with the operation and maintenance of the
photographic, radar, and infrared equipments and the films while in
the tropics seem to significantly increase over those in less humid
climates.
(14) The general weather conditions of the tropical rainy season result in
high atmospheric humidity and saturated ground surface. High humid-
ity serves to attenuate both the infrared and microwave signals in the
path from ground to airborne sensor. Saturation of the ground surface
serves to facilitate dissipation of thermal differences at the surface,
which has a further degrading effect on the infrared signals available
to the infrared scanners.
(15) Low cloud formation, a condition that is prevalent in humid tropical
areas such as Panama and Southeast Asia, had detrimental effects on
the reconnaissance effort. First, they severely limited the obtaining
of imagery at altitudes higher than 1000 feet and thus greatly re-
stricted exploration of this parameter. Second, constant cloud forma-
tions block out most of the solar input so that differential heating of
surface objects was not possible. This effect is particularly noticeable
in the similarity in infrared vegetation and terrain signatures across
all three time-of-day samples at the longer wavelengths.
(16) The high humidity conditions experienced also had adverse effects on
the infrared scanner systems proper. The non-daylight missions in
particular were plagued with detector window frosting, a condition
which leads to signal distortion at the scanner input end. In addition,
high humidity gives rise to electrical disturbances in infrared de-
tectors with the result that spurious signals are generated and pro-
cessed by the scanner. As illustrated in Figure 77, these spurious
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 Project A roved For Release 2001/0$aQyNF -RID -01333A000300140001-1 Section 8
"moisture-spike" signals can act both to obscure real target signals
and create false detections. The most prominent effect of this high-
humidity condition on the radar performance was persistent high-
voltage arcing.
(17) Automatic film exposure control is extremely important in operating
in the tropics because of the rapid changes that take place in cloud
cover.
(18) Detection and identification capabilities might possibly have been
enhanced if a three-inch lens had been used on the KA-50A cameras.
This probably would be the best compromise for tropical reconnais-
sance from a 500-foot altitude when it is desired to obtain vertical
coverage.
(19) Halos surrounding the infrared firepot returns were not observed on
any of the firepots used during Project ART. Halos during Project
TROPICAN had been reported as being associated with their largest
(14-inch) pots. Twelve-inch pots were the largest used during
Project ART.
Figure 77. (C) Spurious Signals Associated with Scanner
Operation in High Humidity
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SECTION 9
(U) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The successful acquisition of the high quality imagery, the highly detailed ground
truth information, and the required auxiliary data obtained during Project ART
were accomplished through the combined efforts of a large group of people repre-
senting six different organizations. To list the contribution rendered by each,
individually, would be an almost endless task. Particular mention must be made,
however, of the efforts rendered by Messrs. Werner Zaayenga (USAEL) and
Alfred I. Schwartz (USAPRO) prior to and during the data acquisition phase of
Project ART. Mr. Zaayenga was responsible for the over-all planning of the
exercise, the transportation and housing of personnel, equipments, and supplies
in the Canal Zone, for all logistic problems involved, and for attending to the pro-
digious amount of details attendant to such an operation. While Mr. Schwartz was
primarily occupied with directing the timely and realistic staging of the ground
situations during the imagery collection effort, he gave unstintingly of his time
and ability during all phases of the project from its inception to his valuable con-
structive criticism during the preparation of this final report. Of the Project
MICHIGAN personnel, Messrs. Dale S. Fisher and Dana C. Parker are cited
for effective management of the airborne operation and the ground documentation
effort respectively.
The accomplishment of the long and tedious job of analyzing the voluminous amount
of imagery and ground truth data during the data reduction and imagery analysis
phase was due in large part to the persistent and diligent efforts of three members
of the image interpretation group of USAEL, SFC Rex E. Bostick, S/Sgt Jack
Shibuya, and Sp4 David E. Ruth. SFC Bostick also rendered inestimable assistance
during the preparation of this report.
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Section 9
Acknowledgment is also made of the assistance provided by Lt Col Thomas J.
Agnor (USATTC), who made available the required Tropic Test Center facilities
in the Canal Zone and aided greatly in the test coordination, to Mr. Harold A.
Pontecorvo (USAEL) for his assistance in imagery processing, film duplication,
and technical assistance during data collection and reduction and project reporting,
to Mr. Andrew C. Combs (USAEL), who supplied for this report the radiometer
description and the discussion of the radiometric results, to Mr. John R. Rieken
(HRB-Singer), who through his general knowledge of Viet Cong tactics and the
terrain of South Vietnam, assisted greatly in the authentic staging of the counter-
insurgency situations and in providing detailed site sketches, and finally to Miss
Marilyn Doney of Goodyear Aerospace Corporation, who performed the editing of
the draft of this report and who also coordinated the efforts of the Art, Photo-
graphic, and Publications Departments of Goodyear Aerospace Corporation during
the publication of this report.
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SECTION 10
(U) REFERENCES
1. Airborne Photographic Equipment, Recon Centra, Reconnaissance Appli-
cations Branch, Reconnaissance Division, Avionics Laboratory, Air Force
Systems Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, Prepared under AF contract
by Data Corp.
2. National Intelligence Survey, Indochina NIS 43, Central Intelligence Agency,
Washington, D. C. , Confidential Report.
3. Information Memorandum, USAELRDL Fort Monmouth, N. J. , Subject: Project
ART (Aerial Reconnaissance in the Tropics), dated 27 January 1964, pre-
pared as a test plan by Werner F. Zaayenga and Joseph A. Levy, Confidential
Memorandum.
4. Manual of Photographic Interpretation, American Society of Photogrammetry,
1934.
5. Reconnaissance Techniques To Support Counterinsurgency Operations (Project
To ican , Rome Air Development Center, February 1964, Secret Report.
6. Terrain Study of the Panama Canal Zone, C. R. McCullough, July 1956.
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SECTION 11
AA FC S
AFB
AMS
Anti- Vig
Bn
C
CD
COIN
cps
CRT
E. I.
Ge:Hg
imc
Inf
InSb
IR
me
MG
PRT
RADC
SLAR
Sp
T
USAE C OM
USAE L
USAPRO
USATTC
VAC
VDC
V /H
Wr
/1
(U) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Antiaircraft Fire Control System
Air Force Base
Army Map Service
Anti-vignetting
Battalion
Centigrade
Camouflage detection
Counterinsurgency
Cycles per second
Cathode ray tube
Exposure index
Mercury-doped germanium
Image motion compensation
Infantry
Indium antimonide
Infrared
Megacycles
Machine gun
Portable radiation thermometer
Rome Air Development Center
Side-looking airborne radar
Special
Ton
US Army Electronic Command
US Army Electronic Laboratories
US Army Personnel Research Office
US Army Tropic Test Center
Volts alternating current
Volts direct current
Velocity/Height
Wratten
(When used alone) microns (10-6 meter)
(When used with second) microseconds (10-6 second)
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 Project A*Pproved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001-1
(U) DISTRIBUTION LIST
Organization No. of Copies
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(Research & Engineering)
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Department of the Army
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Department of the Army
ATTN: Col Dodson
Washington 25, D. C.
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Organization
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Ohio 45433
No. of Copies
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Organization No. of Copies
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Field Office (Mr. J. P. Kain)
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Commanding General
USASCV
ATTN: Avionics Officer (Major Jones)
APO 307, San Francisco, California
Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: Director, CS/TA Laboratory, AMSEL-RD-H
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Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HR
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
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 Project ART
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Organization No. of Copies
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ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HP
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Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HA
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HN
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-HI (Mr. J.A. Levy)
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-GD
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Director, US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-SC
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Commanding Officer
Electronic Support Command
ATTN: FELSC/P-R (Mr. H. Pontecorvo)
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
US Army Electronics Command
Radar-Combat Surveillance Commodity Management Office
ATTN: AMSEL-CB, Mr. L. Dennis
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
US Army Electronics Laboratories
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-D, Col J. M. Kimbrough, Director
Fort Monmouth, N.J.
Chief
US Army Electronics Intelligence
Materiel Developments Office
ATTN: AMSEL-RD-IMC
Fort Holabird, Maryland 21219
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 Project AMWroved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A000300140001)1stributi on List
Organization No. of Copies
Commanding Officer
US Army Intelligence School
ATTN: Aerial Surveillance & Reconnaissance Committee
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Chief, US Army Electronics Laboratories
Mountain View Office
P.O. Box 205
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Chief, US Army Electronics Laboratories
Willow Run Office
The University of Michigan
P.O. Box 618
Ann Arbor. Michigan 48107
Institute of Science & Technology
The University of Michigan
P.O. Box 618, ATTN: Dr. William Pollack
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
Infrared Information & Analysis Center
University of Michigan
Willow Run Laboratories
P. O. Box 618
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Commanding Officer
US Army Engineering Research & Development Laboratory
ATTN: Technical Documents Center
Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060
US Army Personnel Research Office
ATTN: CRD-AI-D (Dr. Joseph Zeidner)
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USAEL Liaison Officer
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ATTN: CDCLN-EL
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ATTN: ACofS, G4 (Technical Library)
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 Project A Approved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A0003001400Q)ittribution List
Organization No. of Copies
Commanding Officer
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77 Massachusetts Avenue
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NASA Representative
Scientific and Technical Information Facility
P.O. Box 5700
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Counterinsurgency Information Analysis Center (COIN)
C/O American University
Special Operations Research Office
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Washington, D. C.
Commanding Officer
US Army Combat Developments Command
Communications-Electronics Agency
Fort Monmouth, N. J.
Commanding Officer
US Army Electronics R & D Activity, Arizona
ATTN: SELHU-PT
Fort Huachuca, Arizona 85613
Deputy President
US Army Security Agency Board
Arlington Hall Station
Arlington 12, Virginia
Commanding General
Hqs, U. S. Army Forces Southern Command
Fort Amador, Canal Zone
Commanding Officer
Hqs, US Army Tropic Test Center
Fort Clayton, Canal Zone
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 Project A, Tproved For Release 2001/09/07 : CIA-RDP80-01333A0003001400(Dittribution List
Grganization
Goodyear Aerospace Corp
1210 Massillon Rd
Akron, Ohio 44315
ATTN: D. G. Corbett
Commanding Officer
U. S. Army Security Agency Processing Center
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Warrenton, Virginia 22186
The Director
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Research & Development Agency
ATTN: Mr. Lorenz
Fort Belvoir, Virginia
No. of Copies
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 Approved For Release 204 ONfiBfN 80-01333A000300140001-1
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