CUBAN LINE STAYS REVOLUTIONARY

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CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3
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November 3, 2000
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August 16, 1972
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Approved For ReleastikM6410MWdA-RDP80-016 16 AUG 1972 n " 1,1(7'171 rf (7*--N 71 pl.-. i i i 'u' 6ai Cs Lid [i (cLii.i By Karen Wald . When unsuccessful right-wing attacks on the Cuban revolution began to be sup- planted by so-called "left-critiques." a prevalent accusation against Cuba was that "Soviet domination" had. caused the 'revolutionaries to abandon armed struggle and their previous open support for liberation movements. K.S. Karol repeated the popular myth in his book Guerrillas in Power.", "Castro was forced to turn his back on what had been his paramount objective until then: a con- tinental re?blution," Karol told his readers. :No fresh 'proclamations on the Latin American revolution' have been issued since - Che death. . . 'Sell out? The' cause of this "sell-out" position, to Karol and to a number of?other outside critics, was the. Soviet Union. "The man in ? the street . . . and also the devout party member .. could not help but wonder ... whether Fielers support of the Peruvian ?'revolution'.?did not fly in the face Of the OLAS (Organization of Latin American Snlidarityl resolutions, and whether it was not time for Fidel to make it clear precisely :how this new alliance with Russia. was in- fluencing his views on the Latin American revolution." NVhen 1-visited Cuba last year, everyone _insisted that Cuba had not changed her policy. They suggested one look at Cuban policy statements, at Cuban actions, instead 'of the analyses offered by foreign observers. Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, member of the centrai. committee, stated flatly: "The ? thought of the Cuban revolution about these questions has not changed.. Our positicn is the same we have defended throughout* the entire development of the revolution." Over a .ye_ar later, commenting on the recent OAS (Organization of American States) meeting. the editorial in Cuba's official daily . newSpapai-, Granma, used almost the same words. Peru had tried to introduce a resolution ending the h!ockade of Cuba. Although its was defeated, seven of the member countries had voted for the measure, a sharp rebuke to U.S. domination of the organization. Expressing satisfaction STATI NTL ' to the solutions of its problems..." he went on, but quickly cautioned: "We would .he very happy to know that the independence ' of Latin.America could be achieved by roads I such as those taken by Chile and Peru, 1 without a need for armed confrontations, - that the measure had not passed, the ?11.s. ! but a glance at the panorama of our America -representative added that the U.S. wk does not make that satisfaction possible. The "willing to lift the blockade of Cuba as soon military gorilla tyrannies continue to subsist as there are 'clear indications that Cuba k . and are maintained. We know full well that changing its policy (of 'intervention' in-Latin ' the roads to democracy are closed and that, America.)" : as was stated in the Second Declaratioa of The Granma editorial called the U.S.. Havana, 'Wherever the roads to the exercise statement hypocritical and diversionis't ic, of democracy area closed to, the people, trying to Create confusion "when it . in. there is no other::way but that of armed sinuates .that the Ckftyan government migh: struggle.' change its policy, thuS atteinpting to fan. . .Then,* to make certain that ? people. 'tin- false rumors that the Cuban government: derstood that Cuba's Commitment v:ais not may be sox, .ng a change of policy or . just theoretical. Rodriguez concluded: "You contemplating talks involving compromise ' can' .be certain, comrades, that just as we and transactions with imperialism. .! greet with joy the bloodless victories of out "Even though Cuba's staunch position has peoples, and support all possibilities of suet: been clearly stated a thousand times," the . victories, so, wherever in Latin America 01 Granma editorial continued, "we will never ? anywhere else in the world firm--firm---- tire of reiterating it as ,many times as hands take up?the weapons left by the heroic 'necessary. The policy of the Cuban guerrilla, there s?ill be the support, tin government has not changed and will never solidarity, and if need be, he presence of tl-a change. It is the imperialist government of Cuban people." . ? the U.S. that mu,st change its policy. Until it The Second Declaration of Havana, o: does so ... Cuba ti.;i11 have nothing to discuss support for armed liberation struggles, ha: with, the government of the U.S." been the cornerstone of Cuban foreigi What is that unchanging policy of the policy since the victory of the revolution Cuban revolution? ROdriguez summed it ap . But lessons have been learned through thl in a speech toilie International Organization . years ,and the outward expression of tin of Journalists in 'January 1971: "It is true that ? policy does not always appear the same. "We.haven't by any means given up armei seiousness and weapons . -. . it has a struggle," . exploded one worker in a: guarantee of independence, but we also . organization with direct ties to the liberatio know that that guarantee will not be ab- I struggles abroad. "We've just gotten a hell c solute until imperialismthe assembled journalists. He underlined the ' lot more. serious We've been - toe is defeated," he told 1 a . generous with our blood and our live5 need for continental revolution, stating ".. inn-? I before," he went on?an idea I was to heat we understand that for us, the most i . the repeated many times before I left. "Th portant factor in that defeat is Cuban people have paid a very high price fa ( development of the struggles. of the peoples ? : of Latin America for their independence and.. our too hasty .support of every group tha progress." picks up a gun. We can't afford to bi Commenting on events in Chile and Peru, ! romantic revolutionaries anymore, and wi . Rodriguez observed: "It is understandable. , can't afford to support this type o revolutionary, either?all those people Ma then, why we are overjoyed with the triumph _ lead anyone, don't represent anyont of Salvador Allende and Unidad Popular. , don't but declare themselves a militant vanguar achieved at this stage without the popits ... organization and demand our help. An having to, take up arms. . ' we've always given it, all too freely. . . Armee, struggk necessary "We are pleased to see that the Govern- ment of 'Peru holds firmly to its nationalist positions,' rejecting the intervention of imperialism and searching forits own roads when a people has a revolutionary con- continued Approved 'For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 STATINTL Approved For Releasim206/03/0451CIA-RDP 9 FEB 1972. Soviet David B. Ottaway Washington Post Staff Writer The Soviet Union has been maintaining a "regular combat patrol" off the coast of the West African state of Guinea for over a year now, according to a paper prepared for the Center for Naval Analyses, the U.S. Navy's counterpart to the Air Force's Rand Corp. The patrol has included at times a destroyer, three frig- ates, a landing craft, and a supply vessel, according to sources cited by Robert G. Weinland, author of the paper and a member of the center. Although reluctant to dis- cuss the matter, State Depart- ment officials confirmed the report. One said that there had been a "continuous presence" of "one or more" Soviet war- ships off the coast or in the ? port of Conakry ever since the attempted invasion of Guinea by Portuguese-backed Guinean exiles in November 1970. There have been several re- ports in the British and Amer- 'lean press of Soviet naval ac- Sivity off Guinea, but this is arships Patrol Guinea Coase believed to be the first time that any government has offi- cially confirmed or com- mented on them. The reluctance of both State and Defense Department offi- cials to discuss the matter ap- pears to stem from fears that U.S. allegations of Soviet naval protection of Guinea might anger President Sekou Toure, a highly mercurial leader. U.S.-Guinean relations have cooled somewhat in the past few years, and the State De- partment is anxious to avoid , any complications that might lead Toure's socialist regime to seize American aluminum companies. They have a S150- million investment in Guinea's booming bauxite and alumina industry. Toure accused the CIA o involvement in the invasion but he carefully avoided ac- cusing the U.S. government as such. He concentrated his ire against Portugal and West Germany. African specialists in the State Department seem to dis- count the possibility that the Soviet Union may be seek- ing to gain base rights in Con- akry. They believe the Soviet task force is there primarily to protect Toure's regime from another invasion from neigh- boring Portuguese Guinea. The 1970 assault on Conakry , by 350 shipborne commandos reportedly originated there, and Toure has repeatedly stated his conviction that an- other invasion is in the mak- These specialists view the Soviet action as an easy way for Moscow to score some points not only with the So- cialist regime in Guinea but also with the Portuguese Guin- ean nationalists who have their headquarters and guer- rilla training camps there. The Portuguese-armed Guin- an exiles who invaded Guinea in an attempt to over- throw Toure also attacked the anti-Portuguese training facili- ties. The Guinean situation is also an opportunity for the So- viet Union to champion Afri- can independence movemehts generally. In his paper, Weinland cites the Soviet action in defense of Toure's regime as a prime ex- ample of the changing charac- ter in the use of naval power by the Soviet Union?from mere defense of the homeland to politically motivated opera- tions. Weinland argues that .if the Soviets are willing to commit their own forces to combat in defense of a client such as Guinea, and he, seems to be- lieve they are increasingly prepared to do so, then there is the risk of NATO being dragged into a conflict by Por- tugal, a member of the Atlan- tic Alliance. ? More likely, he suggests, is that Portugal may wind up facing the Soviets alone, should it attempt an attack on Guinea or back another inva- sion such as occurred in 1970. But he warns that such a Portuguese-Soviet confronta- tion still would provoke seri- . ous strains on the NATO alli- ance and proposes that steps he taken to insure that such a situation does not arise. Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01610W240001-3 WILMIN3TON, DELA. NEWS ? 44,027 '44N 2 6 1972 The reign of terror in Guinea "A blind and wicked vendetta in a collective explosion of hate and cruel- ty." The words were spoken. almost a year ago. They came from a man not ;. :1 to such strong words, Pope Paul \ Che occasion that brought forth thi. out- burst was the savage repression by Guinea's President Sekou Toure. 53 prisoners were sentenced to death as traitors on Jan. 24, 1971; 34 were tried in absentia and received the same penalty and 66 defendants were given life im- prisonment. Among the accused was Catholic Archbishop Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, who, despite strong Vatican protests and claims of innocence, was sentenced to jail for life at hard labor. Four of the condemned, leading members of the Toure government, were hanged from a bridge in the capital, Conakry. The Vatican newspa- per L'Osservatore Romano deplored "manifestations of jubilation and in- sults to the corpses of the victims." The paper said men and women spat on the bodies in a carnival atmosphere. The government radio in Conakry reported President Toure had written a new poem, "Goodbye to the Traitors," to commemorate the executions. These events came shortly after Guinea had declared that it had been invaded by forces from, Portuguese Guinea, a claim upheld in varying kdegrees at the United Nations and in several world capitals but totally de- nied by Lisbon. Since none of the government buildings was evidently attacked, but the headquarters of a group aiming to liberate Portuguese Guinea was, it was assumed that the Portuguese had carried out a limited operation to eliminate persons who were making trouble for them from across the border. The Paris newspaper Le Monde reported that the invaders were actually Guinean emigres coming in from Portuguese Guinea with the intention of ousting President Toure. WhateVer it was that actually hap- pened, Mr. Toure got going on his clean-up campaign. "Everywhere ? the .people must cut to pieces, burn and slit the throats of all fifth-column agents who harm the Guinean nation," he declared. It has been a year since and there does not seem to be much of a letup. Virtually every Western-educated Guin- ean has disappeared from public view. Those arrested include 16 ministers, 14 of 21 cabinet-level officers, 14 of 29 governors, almost all the top army officers, several ambassadors and doz- ens of businessmen and civilians. Tor- ture is used to get "confessions," which implicate more people, occasioning more trials, which in turn bring more "confes.sions" . and implications. It 1 seems like a never-ending line. One Guinean is reported as saying he believes the president has gone insane. That could be. That's what people said about Stalin. One puzzling thing, howev- ? er, is that while those arrested are usually charged with being Portuguese collaborators or spies for France (the former colonial master), West Ger- many or the United States, President Toure refrains from accusing the gov- ernment of the United States. American officials, even ambassa- dors, are accused. The CIA, of course, is always the principal vilrairi. But the U.S. government as such has escaped being assigned any role in the drama of terror. Nor are the two Western consor- tiums that mine the country's bauxite deposits feeling any heat. This indicates not a mad man but a skillful politician. That, of course, is little consolation to those who are in jail, in exile, being hunted, facing execution, or dead. If President Toure keeps going the way he has, he may find there are not many left for him to accuse, nor to cheer him. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 Approved For Ritnesetalt9 1itiO/O4Draalth463880 -01601R65Tdb940001-3 26 Jan 1972 Wilmington, Delaware, Wednesday, January 26, 1972 * * * Page 22 The reign of terror in Guinea "A blind and wicked vendetta in a collective explosion of hate and cruel- The words were spoken almost a year ago. They came from a man not given to such strong words, Pope Paul VI. The occasion that brought forth this out- burst was the savage repression by Guinea's President Sekou Toure. 53 prisoners were sentenced to death as traitors on Jan. 24, 1971; 34 were tried in absentia and received the same penalty and 66 defendants were given life im- prisonment. Among the accused was Catholic Archbishop Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, who, despite strong Vatican protests and claims of innocence, was sentenced to jail for life at hard labor. Four of the condemned, leading members of the Toure government, were hanged from a bridge in the capital, Conakry. The Vatican newspa- per L'Osservatore Romano deplored "manifestations of jubilation and in- sults to the corpses of the victims." The paper said men and women spat on the bodies in a carnival atmosphere. The government radio in Conakry reported President Toure had written a new poem, "Goodbye to the Traitors," to commemorate the executions. These events came shortly after Guinea had declared that it had been invaded by forces from Portuguese Guinea, a claim upheld in varying degrees at the United Nations and in several world capitals but totally de- nied by Lisbon. Since none of the government buildings was evidently attacked, but the headquarters of a group aiming to liberate Portuguese Guinea was, it was assumed that the Portuguese had carried out a limited operation to eliminate persons who were making trouble for them from across the border. The Paris newspaper Le Monde reported that the invaders were actually Guinean emigres coming in from Portuguese Guinea with the intention of ousting President Toure. Whatever it was that actually hap- pened, Mr. Toure got going on his clean-up campaign. "Everywhere the people must cut to pieces, burn and slit the throats of all fifth-column agents who harm the Guinean nation," he declared. It has been a year since and there does not seem to be much of a letup. Virtually every Westem-educated Guin- ean has disappeared from public view. Those arrested include 16 ministers, 14 of 21 cabinet-level officers, 14 of 29 governors, almost all the top army officers, several ambassadors and doz- ens of businessmen and civilians. Tor- ture is used to get "confessions," which implicate more people, occasioning more trials, which in turn bring more "confessions" and implications. It seems like a never-ending line. One Guinean is reported as saying he 11.111?1111MIIMI? believes the president has gone insane. That could be. That's What people said about- Stalin. One puzzling thing, howev- er, is that while those arrested are usually charged with being Portuguese collaborators or spies for France (the former colonial master), West Ger- many or the United States, President Toure refrains from accusing the gov- ernment of the. United States. American officials, even ambassa- dors, are accused. The CIA of course,i_ Ls always the painaLyillain. But. the U.S. government as such has escaped being assigned any role in the drama of terror. Nor are the two Western consor- tiums that mine the country's bauxite deposits feeling any beat. This indicates not a mad man but a skillful politician.' That, of course, is little consolation to those who are in jail, in exile, being hunted, facing execution, or dead. If President Toure keeps going the way he has, he may find there are not many left for him to accuse, nor to cheer him. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 STATI NTL NEWSWEEK Approved For Release 2002143j,Q4 igPA-RDP80-016011111M 'GUINEA: The Great Purge ? In the Guinean capital of Conakry, civ- il servants are expected to answer their telephones with a snappy "Pret pour la revolution [Ready for the revolution]!" But nowadays, they do so with sinking hearts. For on the other end of the phone a caller might be measuring the revolu- tionary timbre of their voices?and if it is judged insincere, they can be denounced, jailed and even sentenced to death. Such, in fact, is the calculated reign of terror conducted by the West African nation's Marxist President, Sekou Tome, that vir- tually every Western-educated Guinean has disappeared from public view in the last fourteen months. "Sekou Toure has gone mad," says one alarmed observer. "He is taking a whole generation of his country's elite and wiping it out The rev- olution is feeding on its own." The reign of terror began with a series of arrests and a massive show trial last January. In the wake of an abortive inva- sion by Portuguese mercenaries, Presi- dent Toure exhorted his National Assem- bly that "everywhere the people must eut to pieces, burn and slit the throats of all fifth-column agents who harm the Guinean nation." The Assembly took the cue and condemned 58 political prisoners to death and 66 to life imprisonment. At least four of the condemned?a police commissioner and three Cabinet secre- taries?were executed right away and their bodies hung from a highway over- pass near one of Conakry's gentle, palm- fringed beaches. Charges: But the worst was yet to come. In June, Toure began a purge that persists even now. Among others, he has arrested sixteen ministers, fourteen of 21 Cabinet-level officers, the governors of fourteen of Guinea's 29 regions, scores of businessmen and civil servants, almost all of the top army officers and several am- bassadors, including two former ambassa- dors to the U.S., Karim Bangoura and Fadiala Keita. Moreover, Toure has vowed that "the people are determined once and for all to overwhelm the forces of counterrevolution," and his special people's trial" is still going on. The charges made are invariably grave ones, ranging from collaboration with the 1970 invaders to espionage on behalf of France, West Germany or the U.S. All carry possible death sentences. Getting confessions has proved easy. As one Guinean recently told a reporter for The New York Times: "They put you in a little kennel where there's no room to stand, and nobody pays any attention to you for five or six days. No water, no food, nothing. Then, they take you to the interrogation room, where there's a glass of water you can have if you say what they want to hear. It's not too long before you start saying, yes, I was spying for the French, and for the Germans and ing it, too." (It was not only the Guinean opponents of Sekou Toure who made such accusations. In a report this month, the Geneva-based International Commis- sion of Jurists charged that "arbitrary arrests, detention without judgment sometimes for years, mistreatment of pris- oners and torturing of detainees have become daily practices.") Tapes of "confessions" are broadcast daily over Radio Conakry or published in the party newspaper, Horoya. Each confession ends with a list of supposed co-conspirators, which in turn sparks new arrests. Consequently, the whole of Guinea has, in effect, become a prison. A curfew shuts down the country as soon as darkness falls. Each comite, or party cell, seals off its own district. Armed citi- zen groups set up roadblocks every being a CIA recruiter who enlisted Ban- goura as an agent. Bangoura also charged that money from the CIA was deposited for him in the American Security and Trust Co. of Washington, D.C. (account number 01 124 86 726) by Thomas H. Wright Jr., an assistant general counsel for the Ford Foundation. Accusation: Both Attwood and Wright have denied that they performed any services for the CIA. And Wright, whose law firm was retained by the Guinean Government while Bangoura was ambas- sador to Washington, harbors no ill feel- ings toward Bangoura because of the accusation. "Bangoura," Wright said last week, "was a superb man who -worked night and day for his country." As for the alleged bribes, Wright said that he oc- casionally as a personal favor deposited "$20 or so" into the account mentioned in the alleged con- fession?but that the money was for Bangoura's two children, both of whom were in American colleges at the time. Though few people take the confessions seriously, no one doubts Tome's determination to continue with his purge. Re- cently, the President has been sending the names of accused Guineans to local party commit- tees for both judgment and sen- tencing. Given the tension in the country, these committees may well decide to dispense large numbers of death penal- ties. Exile sources in France and in other African countries say that each of the 29 regions of Guinea have already ordered two or three executions. Remarkably, the reasons for thp purge and terror remain obscure. One Guinean exile in Paris argues that "President Toure is simply insane." Less in- volved observers believe Toure may be motivated by a desire to punish incompetent officials who responded slowly to the 1970 invasion. But there are puzzles: al- though Toure's purge is allegedly direct- ed against "imperialist plotters," he has carefully avoided any accusation against the U.S. Government as a whole. Nor has he moved against the two Western con- sortiums?one of them largely American- owned?that exploit Guinea's bauxite deposits. But whatever the reasons, Guinea's reign of terror continues. And before it ends, Toure may eradicate the best human resources of his nation. Uhotol eporters Sekou Toure: Wiping out a whole generation night, searching cars and checking iden- tification papers. "Everyone, even 14- year-olds, carries a gun," says a Euro- pean newly returned from Conakry. And a Guinean exile told NEWSWEEK'S An- drew Jaffe: "A man no longer dares un- burden himself to his wife. Children denounce their own fathers to the party. Everyone is very tense." No arrests and confessions have stirred. more controversy than those of former ambassadors Bangoura and Keita. In their confessions, read over the Conakry ra- dio in flat, listless tones, they said they had been recruited by the CIA and paid monthly stipends of $5,000 and $2,000, respectively. Bangoura's confes- sion?in which he -claimed that he had received a total of $1.3 million from France, West Germany and the CIA? accused William Attwood, U.S. ambas- for the tre ric ai ic4here,sasoftAth44 lara esnactOalttMtgeer OragMp -0 1 6 1 R000500240001-3 iirLtir-rj STATI NTL Approved For RftlEsfaiNAR,O. 1?,,CIA.-RDP80 21 Jan 1972 r-I ILadlk AS British influence in Africa declined, so did British secret serv , sending hundreds of agents to African capitals like Accra, Lag to buttress "sensitive" states against communism and protect E. H. Cookndge continues his exclusive series on the CIA HE adventurous operations often bordering on the bizarre Which the Central Intelligence Agency pursued in many parts of the world are usually ascribed to one man: Allen Dulles. 'They culminated in the abortive in- Vasion of Cuba in 1961. When Dulles departed from the directorship of CIA after the Bay of Pigs debacle, he Certainly left an indelible stamp of his influence as the architect of the mighty tIA edifice and its worldwide rami- fications. The policy of his successors has, hOwever, been no less forceful. CIA activities under its present director, itichard MciIirrah Helms, may Op= leas aggressive because they are ? being conduced with greater caution aid less publicity, and because they have been adroitly adjusted to the thanging climate in international poli- tics. In the past CIA gained notoriety by promoting revolutions in Latin American banana republics, and sup- tkarting anti-communist regimes in South-East Asia. Its operations in Africa were more skilfully camou- flaged. For many years they had been a limited scale because the CIA had t'elied on the British secret service to iiiitivide intelligence from an area Where the British had unsurpassed ex- perience and long-established sources of information. But with the emergence tof the many African independent tountries, the wave of "anti-colonial- .i.st" emotions, and the growing in- Ttlfration of Africa by Soviet and "hinese "advisers". British influence *dined. Washington forcefully stepped, through CIA, into the breach; 'with the avowed aim of containing ceOmmunist expansion. Financial investments in new 4teitria1 and mining enterprises, and hvhh 'economic aid to the emerging riOvernments of the "underdeveloped" citotinnies, paved the road for the influx of hundreds of CIA agents. Some com- tined their intelligence . assignments \Vih genuine jobs as technical, agri- cultural and scientific advisers. The British Government - parti- cpularly after the Labour Party had 'tome to power in 1964 - withdrew :most of their SIS and MIS officials :from African capitals, though some 'remained, at the request of the new 'rulers, to organise their own new in- *-telligenCe and securiANDEffi(tECIAF A bloodless coup in Uganda in January last and installed Major-General Idi Amin as milli a section of his troops). How far was the C protest in Santa Domingo. A pro-rebel poster attacks American mrervennon men began hurriedly to establish their "stations" in Accra, Lagos, Nairobi Kampala, Dar-es-Salaam, Lusaka, the "sensitive areas- in danger of slipping under communist say. By the mid-1960s several senior CIA officials, such as Thomas J. Gunning and Edward Foy, both former U.S. Army Intelligence officers, were firmly established at Accra. They were later joined by William B. Edmondson, who had already gained his spurs in East Afiko and tittplykiksla 'ng served for many years as a skilful FBI agent before joining CIA and being employed at Addis Ababa, Nairobi, and Dar-es-Salaam, acquir- ing fluency in Swahili. By 1965 the Accra CIA Station had two-score active operators, distributing largesse among President Nkrumah's secret adversaries. The Americans had every intention of helping Ghana's economy by build- ing, in co-operation with a British con- STATINTL sart 'VASA Q As-9Vbir ro-e g(59'15cPiltotortrpe000l 3 mg y ectric power no one would have suspected of hay- _ r-t,qa-t !JW YOX Approved For Release 2001/03/Q4; CIA-RDP80-01601 14 DEC PP ? P cirAr.,4 a0 Acts 01 L).L.,;)0..Arit. By WILLIAM ATI1V0011 .and JAMES I. LOEB WASHINGTON?We were the only vo -ambassadors named by President ennedy to represent him in the young epublic of Guinea in West Africa. We ecepted these assignments in part ecause of his keen interest in Guinea nd iiis personal relationship with the x:ou.ntry's President, Sdkou Tour. We went to Guinea to help the coun- try which, at that time, was the sym- Dot of African independence, especial- ly in West Africa. During our succes- sive missions, covering a period from early 1961 through most of 1965, the First of us initiated and the second carried on a substantial program of economic assistance to Guinea, indeed ane of the largest per capita aid pro- grams this country had in all of Africa. ? What is especially noteworthy is that at no time did the United States lay down any political conditions for our economic assistance despite the fact that PreSident Toure's generally Marxist ?political pronouncements seemed hardly in accord with Amer- ican thinking. But it should be added that Mr. Tour's proclaimed neutralism was usually genuine in practice, nota- bly in the case of his courageous re- fusal to permit Soviet planes to -land at the Conakry airport (whose jet airstrip was constructed by the Russians) on the way to Havana daring the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. Obvious- ly a number of other African leaders, more outwardly sympathetic to. Amer- . ican policies, were unhappy about the extent of our aid to Guinea. However, even with economic as- sistance from the United States and ather countries on both sides of what. ised to he called the Iron Curtain, Ind despite the substantial natural re- murces of Guinea and considerable arivate investment, Guinea's economy las steadily declined, especially in :..omparison with that of other African ....ountries. Many African chiefs of state, levoted friends of Guinea and of Pres- ident Toure, have been shocked to )bserve this decline over the past ten rears. We would not presume to analyze Oil the reasons for Guinea's economic failure, except tn_sugges-t that Presi- lent Toure's concept of independence was so total?even Guinea's currency aecame "independent? and consequent- y worthiess?that it became both un- Talistic and artificial in this modern world of interdependence. No country ?surely not the United States or the 'eople's Republic of China or the So- viet Union--can afford to act within the context of Sdkou Toure's concept )f independence.. Some dissent from the present poli- cies of the Government exists within Guinea. But the question that con- ce'rns us, and should concern all those . who have an affection for Africa in general and for Guinea in particular, is: How is this dissent dealt with? ? We have, been appalled to hear of the continued executions that are tak- ing place in Guinea, and to learn of "another round of executions" ex- pected momentarily. The brutality? with which these -executions have been carried out, with public hangings in Conakry and in the villages, only adds . to our sense of shock. Guinean Government leaders with whom we worked and whom we knew as honest patriots have been executed; others are still in jail but condemned to death; others, more fortunate, are in exile but condemned to death in ab- sentia. It would appear that a whole generation of the best-trained Gum- cans has has been marked for extinction. Recently those jailed have recited endless and fantastic confessions of their "acts of treason" over the Gov- ernment radio station, and these con- fessions have been printed in the only daily paper in Guinea, Horoya. We are hardly encouraged to believe these "confessions" when we read, in the confession of Karim Bangoura, whom we both knew as the very effective Guinean Ambassador to the United / States, that "my joining the C.I.A. took place in 1964 in Washington" and that "my final recruiting was ef- fected with the latter [former, Am- bassadom to Guinea Attwood] and it was with him that we worked out the question of financial and material benefits." There follows a long list of services and financial pay-offs amounting. to literally millions of dol- lars. In point of fact, Ambassador Bangoura at no time asked for nor was offered a pay-off of any kind by either of us nor was he ever "re- cruited" to our knowledge by or for any U. S. agency. . . Where is all this going to lead? The estimates of those executed or jailed run as high as 6,000. Is it too much to urge, at the very least, that those Guineans; along with their fami- lies, whose dissent the Guinean Gov- ernment cannot tolerate within Guinea, be exiled? - - Meanwhile, we would suggest that the attempt to eliminate dissent by brutal execution will be no more ef- fective in Guinea in the long -run than it has in so many other countries in ? both the Communist' orbit and the so- called free world. William Attwood is publisher of News- day. James I. Loeb works for Senator Muskie. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 STATI NTL STAT'INTL Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-016&1TFabli60240001-3 Va.}1.111_TD.11I.O35,1 2 9 NOV 1971 ? trraN tni 0 4---) 7 1;1 0.? t? v 7 i) if-1\7r; if %Lill( /UV 7:7f) .jL-i LIC.% tl By David B. Ottaway Wushin;tori Post Staff Writer -A sweeping investigation of internal -Opposition to the re- gime , of President Sekou Tour? of Guinea has resulted In what are alleged to be 'con- fessions" by two former Gui- -nean ambassadors to the United States that they were working for the Central Intel- ligence Agency. ress.' and his, successor, Fadia The alleged confessions . ? la Keita, who returned to Guinea 'came in the form of deposi- last April, said in their con fes- tions given to "revolutionary courts" ? that are currently probing the connection be- My adherence to the CIA twee place internal foes of the no? ace in 1051 in Washing-. Toure re"ainie and the attempt- ton, where I was Posted as am- -? , , ? served ere from 1963 to 19G0 As is its policy in all sue s disclosures, the CIA refuses to make any comment on the confession. But the State De- partment says they are "false and totally unfounded." Askedaabout his alleged role in hiring Bangoura as a CIA agent, Attwood commented that the confession was "so faniastic" that he could "only . be telling his friends abroad that it was obtained under du- Bangoura Karim, who ?sions that they had been ye- ? cruited here and paid monthly stipends of $5,050 and $2,000 respectively. In addition Banantira al- leged that final ari.,:alne gaemezndt /for his luring were made Guinean exiles one 3-ear ago. /. .through William Attwood, U.S. The invading force, report- ambassador to Guinan ferriedPresident Kennedy and ci'- in World War II ' under edlY LST landing craft from neigh- ? rentlY. publisher of ilia Lona- boring Portuguese Guinea, Island newspaper New,clav.? stormed the capital of Con- Both men now face death alny early on the morning or sentences as a result of their ' Nov.. 22, destroying the pi csi- : dent s summer villa, killing . Bangoura's case has aroused confe=.sions. 300 Guincans, and nearly top- sP: ecial interest and concern at P;ling Toure's 13-year-old "so- the State ,Departninet, as well "list" regime' , .as within -the African diPle- Since that time the govern- -matic community, because ment has arrested over 250 top Is he Widely regarded as having party, army, and governmenttItem nd energetic African ambas- teen One of the most effective officials and charged with complicity in what Toure a ,a sa7dors. ever , ha calls an "imperilistic-Portn- ve served here. a., . U.S.. officials are worried that the .alleged confessions could lead- to' complications in relations with Guiena at a STATI NTL state-run radio, and published in Foroya, the daily newspa- per of the ruling Democratic Party of Guinea. The precise conditions under which the confessions were extracted remains a mys- tery,, but according to some press reports from Conakry the, accused we-re deprived of all food and water for days be- fore being interrogated. ? In his deposition, printed in Horoya on Aug. 31, Bangoura gave the following details about how and when he was recruited by the CIA: ecinvasion o b the country 3 300 Portuguese-trained and led tuno nwo,vement by American companies in the mining of huge bauxite depos- its there. '?-- ? A, small. nation about time siae of, GiAgen annvith Pop- ulation. of .3.7 million, Guinea contal rei' one-third ' of the world's knea,ai 'reserves "of high-gr'acie bauxite; .Tourc has tried to Carry out a "socialist revolution" and to be.conie. a revolutionary pacesetter in Al- , 'rn cfl C./ Bangoura said that the tasks assigned to him by the CIA in- cluded the following: develop- ing close, preferential .rela- tions between Guinea and the United States; facilitating American. investments in the country; promoting economic exchanges between the two States; and encouraging the visits .of Guineans to this country and of Americans to Guinea. . . . . . . lie also stated in his confes- sion that he had been* In- formed of last November's in- vasion -plan ahnost a month ahead Of time and assigned the task of looking .for, .minis- tyro willing to serve in a new ! government,' presumably after Feb. 4, 1963. The intermediary 'Toure's mister. i - ? :. was Diallo Sory, a native of , - Ile ' singled' out West Ger-. Guinea living in New. York as many,. France; and Portugal as a restaurant owner for 30 the principal countries back- years. This man, well-known' ing the 'invasion and made no in American circles even mention of direct U.S. involve- within the State Department, ment. This fits neatly the gov- made use of his relations with ernment's official ,thesis re- one of my personal friends, garding the invasion and .its Attwood, the former (U.S.) am- foreign supporters. bassador to Guinea. . , . . According. to . ,Bangouaa's "In fact, my recruitment was confession, the money 11....i re- ultimately arrangedthrough ceived from the . CIA and this latter person (Attwood), American mining companies and it was with him that we was deposited ifs an aceount settled the question of finan- . - , . . . With the. 'American Security cial and material rewards." - , In addition to the initial Bank Of . Washingten". bearing; $50,000 payment and monthly. the munber 01-121-86-725. All 'stipend of $5.000, he said he these ?financial transactions guese aggression" aimed at his was paid- $151,000 for "excel* overthrow. Seventeen out of tional services" by the CIA ancZ/ 35 ministers and nine-tenths of American mining companies the offices's in the top army seeking to gain access to GtfiL command have been arrested. ? nem'. bauxite and iron ore de- Beginning in .late July vlien ?sits'? - - ? ? Altogether, he received a to time- government began a "peo,- $-- tal of uo7,000 from the CIA pie's trial" of accused-. "fifth and Various American :coat: colunmists," between 100 and panies, according to his state - 120 . Guineans--army aara. ment. Among ,the companies manders, ministers, party offi:' he mentioned specifically are dai and mba.ssadors?liave HarVey Aluminum, Alcan, Al- they said Bangoura's confes: s, a made long, detailed confes-. coa, and U. S. Steel. - sion contained regarena their The first three companies alleged roles. sions in which many have ad- mitted being agenta for either are all. involvcd in an interna- Attwood said he could not the French, West German, or liana' consortium that has a possibly have been involved in American secret intelligence. $185 million bauxite-musing - ; recruiting the Guinean ambas- ere , allegedly carried put' "under the cover" of 'Mamas' H. , Wright .Jr., whose addreSs Bangoura gave as time Ford Foundation in New York. ? In telephone interviews, Att.- wood and, Wright, both of whom vehemently denied the allegations, pointed to a num- ber of. factual errors which ma, while depe 04 rvices project under way at Poke in:, 11 sador in 1961 because at that lease or depositions, b c 1 7 l'aVe SII SC- (4141R000500240001.-3 U.S. "ambassador to Kenya. FOrfte 0 20111103/0k- CIA Apc154 iron ore depbsits located on . ries to exploit the country's quail y J d ben p aye over toe I - vast-mineral resources. Mount Nim th ba along e Li- cit ; "Voice of the Revolutior " the .3111(!i On private Am Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-0160 CHICAGO, ILL. DEFENDER DAILY - 37,506 Puss 21J . o r-1-1 "i? *41.1 Following President Seicou Tome's urgent request for help, a UN fact-finding mission is now, in Guinea to investigate the extent to which the former French African colony is being invaded_ and the national iden- tity of the invaders. President Toure's plea for military assistance was accompained by a charge that Portuguese-backed mercenaries were mounting the invasion. Portugal has denied the charges. There is suspicion in some inforhyed circles that the financing the plot to overthrow Toure and his leftist-oriel;ted regime. The same American Agency is believed to have had a hand in the clan- destine coup that ci-lapolted Dr. Nkrumah out of the presidency of the Republic of Ghana. 1\lkrumah has taken refuge in Guinea where he lives as guest of ? his friend President Toure. The .two African leaders are persona non f.r,rata in Woshingion. Mat American interestEi 'would like to. get bodi of them out of ilia 11 way is not an improbable assumption. t Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 STATINTL Approved For Releast-MyROLSIA-RDP80 Z-8 Nov1970 'Mercenaries'' Invade _Again, Guinea Says ABIDJAN, Ivory .Coast' (UPI)?Conakry ' radio said to- day a new group of "mercenar- ies" had invaded _Guinea from neighboring Portuguese Guinea.. The radio said 200 "mercenar- ies" advanced near Koundara but were surrounded by Guinean soldiers. "Ten mercenaries have been put out of action," the'ra- dio said. It again accused Portugal of being behind the invasion, the fourth one the radio has an- nounced in a week. As usual, the radio gave no details of fighting but called on the people to be "continuously vigilant." What was going on in Guinea remained a mystery as the gov- ernment refused to allow any foreign journalists from East or Westinto the country. In Moscow, a Defense Minis- try commentator said the Unitecj States "pushed" Portugal into an invasion of Guinea and ac-% cused the Central Intelligence' Agency of organizing coups against five other African gov- ernments this year. 1-3 Approved For Release 2001/03/04 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000500240001-3 ?