THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY 3 - 25 OCTOBER 1963

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1
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RIFPUB
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K
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103
Document Creation Date: 
December 15, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 27, 2002
Sequence Number: 
4
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Publication Date: 
June 17, 1963
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY PFWo11am / fq/58389 17 June 1963 DRAFT SYLLABUS COURSE THREE 1963-1964 THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY 3 - 25 October 1963 THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE Washington 25, D. C. FOR NWC USE ONLY JCS review(s) completed. Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE Washington 25, D. C. (Date APPROVED. FRANCIS H. GRISWOLD Lieutenant General, U. S. Air Force Commandant FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B0l676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY COURSE THREE THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY A - SCOPE OF THE COURSE 1. Introduction. a. All sovereign states have a national security policy -- sometimes carefully formulated and stated, and sometimes unstated btt deduced from the actions or the pronouncements of responsible government officials. As the interests and world influence of a state expand there is an increasing need to set forth in definitive form its national security policy. b. The process of developing national security policy is one of establishing broad guidance at the national level for action in a particular problem area. In this process consideration must be given not only to the component parts of the governmental structure involved, but also to certain influences over which governmental controls are lacking or are tenuous at best. c. Course Three is designed to examine certain of the basic factors affecting national security policy in our Government and to develop further for later courses the base of understanding which has already been prepared by Courses One and Two. The course aims to provide an understanding of the governmental machinery concerned with the formulation of U. S. national security policy, how it operates, and the major considerations and problems involved. Approved For Rele V /*'*A q VA DP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B0l676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY d. In the United States the machinery for developing national security policy has been formalized only in recent years. In enacting the National Security Act of 1947, Congress stated that one of the purposes of the Act was "to provide for the establishment of integrated policies and procedures for the departments, agencies, and functions of the Government relating to the national security. " Exrerience had proved that informal coordina- tion of those Government agencies concerned with the national security was generally inadequate to meet the needs of the World War II period. Until the establishment of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee in late 1944 as an advisory body to the Secretary of State there was really no official forum devoted exclusively to the discussion of national security problems. This very useful committee, limited as it was in its scope of activity, demonstrated the need for a broader and more authoritative organization. e. The agency established "to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security" is the National Security Council. This agency was designed to enable the Departments of State and Defense, and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effec- tively in decisions involving the national security. The use of this organization has varied, depending on the operating style of each President. -2- FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B0l676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY 2. Pesos,. To provide an understanding of the governmental machinery con- cerned with the development of U. S. national security policy, the manner in which this machinery operates, some external influences which affect it, and the mayor problems involved. 3. Subject Matter. During the course, the class will examine: (a) certain considerations in the formulation of U. S. national security policy; (b) the influence of major groups in the United States upon the formulation of national security policy; (c) the machinery employed in the integration of military, foreign and domestic policies into national security policy; and (d) the financing of national programs implementing national security policy. -3- FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY B - ORGANIZATION OF T}IF, COURSE Course Day 1 Thursday, 3 October Page AM The Central Role of the President 7 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's 2 Friday, 4 October AM Presidential Advisors 14 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's Monday, 7 October AM The Department of State and National Security Policy 22 PM Department of State Briefing 27 4 Tuesday, 8October AM The Department of Defense and National Security Policy Pl.'I Department of Defense Briefing 5 Wednesday, 9 October 28 32 AM The Intelligence Community and National Security Policy 33 PM Central Intelligence Agency Briefing 39 6 Thursday, 10 October AM The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Security Policy 40 PM Joint Chiefs of Staff Briefing 44 7 Friday, 11 October AM Congress and National Security Policy 45 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's FOR NW C USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Course FOR NWC USE ONLY Day 8 Monday, 14 October Visit to Central Intelligence Agency 51 9 Tuesday, 15 October AM Interest Groups and National Scat u:pity Policy. 52 AM Mass Media and National Security Policy 58 P1VM Reserved for Work on IRP's 10 WWfednesday, 16 October AM Arms Control PM Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Briefing 11 Thursday, 17 October AM Agency for International Development 71 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's 12 Friday, 18 October Reserved for Work on IRP's 13 Monday, 21 October AM Civil Defense PM Reserved for Work on IRP's 14 Tuesday, 22 October AM External Research Activities and National Security Policy PMV;' Reserved for Work on IRP's 15 Wedne;,day, 23 October AM The Department of Defense Budget 87 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Course Day FOR NWC USE ONLY 16 Thursday, 24 October AM Coordination and Control of U. S. Counterinsurgency Efforts PM Reserved for Work on IRP's 17 Friday, 25 October Pyagge A2M2 Financing National Security 97 PM Reserved for Work on IRP's 2. Academic Procedures. a. Lectures and recommended daily reading will be as indicated in the section "Detailed Program." Reading will continue upon the book assigned in Course One. Completion date is 2b October 1963. b. There will be meetings of discussion groups following each lecture. Two of these groups will meet with the lecturer of the day in accordance with the provisions of the weekly schedule. c. There will be no scheduled committee problem. - o - FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR N`WC USE ONLY C - DETAILED PROGRAM FIRST DAY THURSDAY, 3 OCTOBER THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT 1. Introduction, a. An appropriate beginnzi?g nor the course is an examination of the role and responsibilities of the President of the United States in the formulation of national security policy. While the constitution assigns the war-ceciarzilg power to the Congress and charges it, among other related duties, with providing "for the common defence and general welfare of the United States, " the role of the President has always been central in the establishment of national security policy. This role, although somewhat loosely defined, derives from Article II of the Constitution. b. The President's traditional role in the field of national security has been expanded in recent years because of a succession of world crises rewiring emergency actions. As a result of the present and long term aspects of communist aggression and imperialism, the President is now the foremost influence in the Government from the point of view of formulation, supervision and implementation of national security policy. In addition, the Congress has recognized on numerous occasions the need of the President for extended powers in the national security policy area by endowing him with special authority through the use of the Joint Resolution. -7- FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B0l676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY c. The President may take many independent actions of vital significance to the security of the nation. He may delay entry of the United States into war by means of a neutrality proclamation, or grant aid to one or more of the belligerents. He may acquire base rights abroad by executive agreement, or he may start the machinery of mobi:'ization by proclamation of a national emergency. As Commander in Chief of the Armed orces the President may issue orders for deployment of U. S. Armed Forces abroad, or by taking other inde- pendent actions create situations which make a ( claration of war by the Congress little more than a formality. These few examples of the exercise of presidential power indicate that by virtue of his office the President may play the dominant role in the formulation of national security policy. d. The growth in the President's authority has been received with some misgivings and consequent opposition by some segments of American people and Congress. It has been generally accepted, however, as a necessary concomitant to the requirements of world leadership. There is certainly a growing tendency to look to the President for policy guidance in the field of national security and to hold him responsible for developments in this field. 2. Scope and Purpose of the Topic. To examine the central. role of the President, his powers and his responsibilities in the formulation of national security policy, the FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01:676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FOR NWC USE ONLY organization of his Executive Office, and the major problems which confront the President in the accomplishment of this task. 3. Suggested Topics for Consideration. These questions are posed, not as a guide for the formal lecture, but to stimulate individual study and analysis and for possible use in discussion groups. a. How does the U. S. Government structure provide means for keeping the President of the United States informed on matters affecting national security policy? b. What are examples of executive agreements which have led to binding commitments in important matters of security policy? c. When approving or endorsing a security policy, what methods may the President use in persuading the public to his point of view? d. How does the present administration employ the National Security Council as compared with the previous administration? 4. Lecture Title. "THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT" 5. Reading. a. LEADER OR CLERK? by Richard E. Neustadt. A reprint of Chapter 1 from his book, Presidential Power, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1960. p. 1-8. b. THE POWER TO PERSUADE, by Richard E. Neustadt. A reprint of Chapter 3 from his book, Presidential Power, p. 33-57. - 9 - FOR NWC USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 O NVTC USE ONLY c PRESIDENTIAL 17:1O? ULARITY IS NOT ENOUGH, by Sydney Hyman. A reprint from The New York Times Magazine, August 12, 1652, p. 1, 64-ee. d. THE PRESENT, by Dean Rusk. A reprint from Fore Affairs, April 1960, p. 353. 369. Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FCR NW C USE GNLY 6. Bibliography. THE AMLF.ICAN RESIDENCY, by Clinton L. Rossiter. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1956. 175 p. The rowers and limitations of the Presidency, its historical role, and the effect on the office of Roosevelt, Truman and Eisenhower. THE DEADLOCK OF DEMOCRACY; FOUR-PARTY POLITICS IN AMERICA, by James MacGregor Burns. Englewood 'Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 1963. 388 p. A study of American political structure and power -- especially the conflict between the President and Congress -- from Jefferson and Madison to contemporary Washington. In addition, presents a "penetrating" examination of modern political parties and concludes with suggestions for changes in our political systems. EXCELLENCD AND LEADERSHIP IN A DEMOCRACY. Edited by Stephen R. Graubard and Gerald Holton. New York, Columbia University Press, 1962. 222 p. Outlining past achievements, present challenges and future goals, thirteen well-known scholars offer opinions on the problem of stressing excellence and developing high standards of leadership in a democratic society. PO VIERS GF Tom- PF.ESUDENT AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF CF THE ARMY AND NAVY GF THE UNITED STATES. Prepared by Dorothy Schaffer and Dorothy M. Mathews. U. S. Library of Congress. Legislative Reference Service. Washington, GPO, 1956. 145 p. (U. S. Congress. 84th. House doe, no. 443) A two-part study: first, a chronological listing of major events related to Presidential powers as Commander in Chief of U. S. military forces, 1789-1955. Second, an account of the use of these powers from 1935 through 1955, exclusive of periods of war. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT DURING CRISES, by J. Malcolm Smith and Cornelius P. Cotter. Washington, D. C., Public Affairs Press, 1960. 184 p. Description and comments upon the use of emergency power in the United States since 1933. FOR NW C USE ONLY Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 Approved For Release 2002/10/21 : CIA-RDP80B01676R000100080004-1 FCR NVTC USE ONLY THE P .ESIEENT, OFFICE AND PC,T;ERS, 1787-1957; HISTORY AND ANAL1'$IS CF PRACTICE AND CPINICN, by Edward S. Corwin. 4th rev. ed. New York, New York University Press, 1957. 519 p, A documented study. PRESIDENTIAL DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY 1N WARTIME, by Nathan D. Grundstein_. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1.61. 1C6 p. A collection of three articles published in the Georg Washington Law Review, in 1947 and 1948, discussing the eerie-gation of ri?.sident a3 authority during time of war. FREST- :]?,1TIAL PO,%JER, THE POL?TICS OF LEADERSI-IIP, by Richard E. Neus-tadt. New York.