[TABLE OF CONTENTS OF REPORT INCLUDES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ATOMIC ENERGY AND OTHERS]

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80M00165A001600130002-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 73
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 23, 2007
• Sequence Number: 2
• Content Type: REPORT

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Introduction
Science and Technology
i
1
- 11
Atomic Energy
12
- 18
Energy
19
- 26
Agriculture
27
- 34
Transportation
35
- 44
Medical Science and Public Health
45
- 50
Housing and Other Construction
51
- 59
Environmental Protection
57
- 59
Space
60
- 64
World Oceans
65
- 70
DOE review
completed.
NSC review(s)
completed.
State Dept. review
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INTRODUCTION
In most program areas, this report reflects a continuity
of activity at the working level and the tone of lead agency
submissions remains generally positive. But Soviet delays and
apparent disorganization persist in some areas and several
activities were postponed or cancelled because of inadequate
Soviet arrangements.
During the quarter, US Co-Chairmen with the exception
of those for Housing and Energy Agreements received approval
to proceed with scheduling of the 1976 cycle of annual Joint
Committee Meetings. Through August this step had been deferred
March
following a US decision in / not to schedule high visibility
US-Soviet meetings in the wake of Soviet actions in Angola.
As of the drafting date of this paper, no further action has
been taken on Energy and Housing, but the other Joint-Committees
have either met or arrangements are in train with Soviet counter-
parts. In a related development, approval in principal has
been given for scheduling of the US-Soviet Joint Commercial
Commission, originally deferred with Housing and Energy, but a
mutually acceptable date has yet to be fixed.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The two sides have agreed to hold the Fifth Joint Commission
meeting in Washington beginning February 2. Following a meeting
of the US side of the Joint Commission on September 13, the US
initiated an exchange of correspondence between the Executive
Secretaries in preparation for expected Joint Commission decisions
to change programs under the S&T Agreement in order to concentrate
efforts in the most productive areas.
Under consideration are restructuring of projects and sub-
projects in computer applications, chemical catalysis, and for-
estry; shifting the focus of microbiology work from industrial
to academic aspects; and concluding, upon completion of work
programs, some projects in electrometallurgy, metrology, and
scientific and technical information. The Soviets suggest that
,if initiated, out
physics cooperation/be carried /. under the General Agreement on
Exchanges rather than under the S&T Agreement. We suggested con-
clusion of standardization working group activity, with Commerce
and Gosstandart continuing to exchange information through direct
communications. We also suggested limiting active cooperation
in the water resources area to waste water for irrigation and
Recommendation on the future of Science
plastics in construction. / policy projects await receipt of
promised Soviet reports on financing and manpower.
Working level activities during the quarter were as follows:
Computer Applications
Activities in this area during the quarter were both of high
quantity and quality. A three-week seminar on agro-industry
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from September 26 to October 16 produced excellent papers and
showed that Soviet and American approaches to modeling in this
field are complementary. A workshop on methods of management
education, from September 23 to October 3, also produced good
papers and provided the US participants with new insights into
the Soviet management system,. Four US software specialists spent
a month at the Research Computing Center of Moscow State Univer-
sity discussing sparse linear systems. In addition, a seminar
on high level. computer languages was held from September 6-17
in the USSR. Finally, the Working Group Co-Chairmen met in
Moscow to review the status of the more than 20 sub-topics in
this area. In our view, this working group rates high marks for
both content and administration, having produced excellent results
to date with the promise of more to come.
Chemical Catalysis
The Annual Symposium of the Joint Working Group on Chemical
Catalysis was held in Kiev from July 5-7, 1976. The present five
topics are to be reorganized and consolidated into four new topics--
namely, homogeneous catalysis by organometallic compounds (a slightly
altered version of the present first topic); catalytic reactor
modeling (same as present topic 2); characterization of catalytic
systems of applied interest (a restructuring of fields now related
to topics 3, 4 and 5).
We have proposed a change in the form of cooperation under
the first topic (homogeneous catalysis) from joint experimental
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Aykazyan agreed to seek to keep this project going.
Unilateral Soviet withdrawal from the agreed Electro-slag Remelt
program would lead to uncertainty as to whether they will honor
commitments in other programs.
US testing of a half-ton Soviet sample ingot provided
under the Plasma Arc Remelting project continues, with resulting
data to be exchanged with the Soviets at a symposium planned for
next spring in Kiev. Cooperation on the electron beamievaporation
project is also intensive, with a four-man US team/visited the
USSR in September, and plans for a Soviet researcher to visit the
US for a two-month stay. In connection with the latter visit,
we have proposed specific procedures consistent with the Soviet
preference for "receiving side pays" arrangements and we await a
Soviet response. The exchange of materials agreed to last year
in the welding materials project were still taking place during
the third quarter. Target dates for completion of studies on
these materials have been extended to the summer of 1977 because
shipments were completed later than planned.
Forestry
Most of the plans formulated by the joint working group on
this subject in the Soviet Union last quarter have been implemented
during this quarter. Two US teams were in the Soviet Union for
an extended period (four weeks) to study fire prevention, one
team at the Leningrad Forestry Institute and one at the Pushkino
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work to periodic consultations and exchanges of information
by principal investigators, unless the Soviets can resolve
continued problems of access to the key Soviet laboratory at
Chernoglovka and of restrictions on travel of a key Soviet
researcher, Volpin. The situation 'under Reactor Modeling, on
the other hand, is improving because of the transfer of the
Soviet project coordinator from Novosibirsk to the Karpov Insti-
tute in Moscow and the beginning of travel by long-term Soviet
researchers to the US.
Electrometall.urgy
The Fourth Meeting of the Joint US-USSR Working Group on
electrometallurgy, held July 18 to August: 3 in
work
the US, found all project /to be satisfactory, except
data
in electroslag remelt, where/exchange had
been inadequate. This situation was partially remedied in September
with the arrival of Soviet materials for testing in the US and
the visit at MIT of two scientists from the Paton Institute.
The scientists turned over segregation and thermal data and agreed
on areas for further cooperation. However, continued activity
in this sub-croup was subsequently threatened by the news, brought
by Dr. Aykazyan of the SCST, that the Paton Institute. did not
want to cooperate further because it might interfere with commer-
cial opportunities to license Soviet technology. The US chairman
has responded with the proposal that cooperation be continued at
least in the two subprojects which are of a theoretical content,
as this project holds considerable promise for both sides. Dr.
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fire center. Two USSR teams were in the US during September
for shorter periods, one in the field of forest insects and the
other in afforestation. The former team agreed with the US
counterpart group that they jointly recommend the exchange of
scientists for longer periods, up to four months, in laboratory
and field situations.
Intellectual Property
The statements negotiated by the joint working group
governing inventions and governing information and confidentiality
were approved by an exchange of letters between the Co-Chairmen
of the Joint Commission in August and October. We have proposed
that future activity of the working group be limited to
preparation of reference material plus
conciliation of disputes on request.
Metrology
The Co-Chairmen of the US-USSR Joint Commission on Science
and Technology have approved, by an exchange of letters in July
and October, the recommendation of the Joint Working Group for
Metrology for the following four new projects:
Radiometric methods for measuring solar spectral radiation;
Intercomparison of US and USSR time scales by use of trans-
portable clocks;
Superconducting methods of relating electrical units to
mechanical units (Josephson effect); and
Methods of high voltage measurements based on such phenomena
as the Stark and Kerr effects.
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The US has proposed to the Soviets completion of the five
existing projects on the :intercompa:rison of standards for
pressure, transportable volt, ionizing radiation, laser wave-
lengths and thermocouples and continuation of the remaining
three projects: refinement of physical constants, automation
of standards information and retrieval, and evaluation and
publication of reference data on properties of materials.
Microbiology-
A new project on Geomicrobiology (to deal with tertiary
oil recovery, extraction of metals from ores, and oil. and gas
prospecting) has been approved by an exchange of letters in
July and October between the Co-Chairmen of the Joint. Commission.
The Soviets -informally agreed with a US proposal that, the focus of
all activity under the Microbiology Working Group be on academic
rather than industrial aspects. However, no progress was made
in developing a program of work implementing this agreement
because the Soviets postponed a meeting of the Joint Working
Group at the last moment. We are now unilaterally preparing a
proposed program to reflect the new focus. This may lead to a
shift in chairmanship on the Soviet side. The present chairman,
Deputy Minister of Microbiological Industry E. R. Shenderey, is
mainly concerned with industrial activity. According to a Soviet
SCST official, someone from an academic institution or the Main
Board of Microbiology might be more suitable for the changed focus.
A symposium on the subject of enzyme technology was held
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during the quarter at Corning, New York, with four Soviet.-, in
attendance. We found the Soviet contributions satisfactory.
Physics
We informally suggested to the Soviets in September that
this topic of cooperation- be terminated "because, on the basis
of experience over the past several. years, we no longer believe
that it will be possible to undertake joint research by experts
residing in the other country for periods of at least six weeks
duration." Subsequently, the Soviets agreed at the working level
to a six-week session next summer in the US in the area of astro-
physics. The Soviet Executive Secretary informed us that the
USSR could agree either to terminate cooperation in this area or
to continue it. If continued, he suggested it be pursued under
the inter-Academy program rather than under the S&T Agreement.
Since the National Science Board does not favor long-term
collaborative research under the inter-Academy program, if mutually
acceptable conditions are developed, physics could conceivably
end up as a special topic of cooperation between the.Soviet
Academy and the National Science Foundation under the General
Agreement on Exchanges.
Science Policy
There was considerable activity in two of the four projects
in this area during the quarter (planning and stimulation of R&D),
and modest progress in the other two (manpower and financing). A
meeting on systems for stimulating fundamental research was held
in Moscow September 19 to October 2, which was considered quite
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successful by the US side., Access to Soviet science policy
leaders was considered very good, the quality of papers presented
by the Soviets was high, and the discussions were very productive.
The papers exchanged will be published.
Progress under the project on planning and management of
R&D is considered by the 'US participants to be satisfactory
although not of uniformly high quality. Analytical papers and
case studies which had been exchanged in the course of the summer
were discussed at a meeting of the project group in Washington
late in October. The Soviet delegation for the meeting was
sizeable and of fairly high level. Papers will now be revised
as appropriate in light of the discussions and prepared for
distribution.
The US proposal made last May to hold a meeting on financing
R&D remained unanswered. The US provided the Soviets with a draft
report on financing in October and the Soviets promised to reci-
procate by December 31. Similarly the US provided eight of 14
chapters of a report on training and utilization of scientific
and engineering technical personnel and the Soviets promised a
similar report by the end of November. Arrangements were made
for a Soviet graduate student to visit the US late in the year on
the manpower project.
Both sides agreed to postpone a decision on whether to
continue or conclude the two projects on manpower and financing
until the reports exchanged or soon to be exchanged have been
studied.
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Scientific and Technical Information
Some Soviet materials on development of a common communi-
cations format for bibliographic data were received. Both sides
have informally agreed that this project should be continued
only for the time needed to permit its orderly transfer to an
international forum and that the other project, dealing with
forecasting and cost/benefit analysis, should be concluded now.
Standardization
Aside from the exchange of a few publications on standards,
there was no activity under this topic during the quarter. We
have proposed that standardization be dropped from the list of
activities under the S&T Agreement and be replaced by regular
communications between the Office of Product Standards in the US
Department of Commerce and the Soviet GOSSTANDART.
Water Resources
Early in the quarter the Third Session of the Joint US-USSR
Working Group on Water Resources took place in the USSR. The
Working Group approved the topics for further cooperation
proposed by sub-group I on planning and management, approved
proposed exchange of visits for 1976-1977, encouraged direct
contact between project coordinators since the program had entered
the technical implementation phase, and requested project coordi-
nators to prepare reports on activities of their groups from the
beginning for use at the fifth US-USSR Joint Commission Meeting.
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The US Co-Chairmen of the S&T Joint Commission and of
the Energy Joint Committee approved, in letters to their Soviet
Co-Chairmen, a Soviet proposal for transfer of the cold weather
construction project from the S&T Agreement, Water Resources
area to become a second part of the Energy Agreement hydropower
project.
There was considerable activity under the
planning and management project during the quarter. Team I,
dealing with prospective planning, met in the USSR in August to
discuss "Evaluation of Runoff Deficiency and Ways of Its Reduction."
The US experts spent three weeks in the USSR, visited, ten sites
and held consultations with counterparts. They concluded that
the exchange of information was effective. The record of meeting
includes recommendations for expanding joint efforts in three areas,
subirrigation with waste water, soil properties, and irrigation
of crop lands with waste water.
Team II, studying "Design and Construction of Big Canals,"
was in the USSR late in September and reported its satisfaction
with the visit. They were shown everything they requested. The
Soviets were completely forthcoming on all substantive matters.
The US delegation was impressed with the sheer magnitude of Soviet
canal operations. However, they concluded that the respective
Soviet and American technology levels and match-ups may not merit
long-term technical visits. On the! other hand, there, are evident
commercial opportunities for the US'.
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There were also two exchanges, during the quarter unc.-the
plastics in construction project, one visit in each direction.
A two-man US team went to the USSR in August to study the use of
plastic pipe for irrigation and drainage. A five-man Soviet
delegation came to the US to study plastics in hydrotechnical
construction.
The US has informally proposed to the Soviets that the Working
be essentially passive in the future on prospective planning,
design of water projects, saline water for irrigation, and
automation, leaving for active cooperation in the water resources
area only waste water for irrigation and plastics in construction.
Private Sector Activities
Two Article Four Agreements were signed during the quarter.
On September 20, Otis Elevator Company signed an agreement with
the SCST covering the field of vertical transportation in office
buildings, hotels, hospitals and schools. NCR signed an agreement
on September 27 for cooperation in the field of automatic control
systems for catering. Both of these agreements might be related
to Soviet planning for the 1980 Olympics.
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ATOMIC ENERGY
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Cooperative activities continued to develop satisfact-
orily in all program areas during the quarter, with the level
of exchange particularly high in the controlled thermonu-
clear fusion area.
Fundamental Properties of Matter
The first meeting of the US-USSR Joint Coordinating
Committee on Research in the Fundamental Properties of Matter
(JCC-FPM) was held from September 9 to 11 at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. The Committee
reviewed cooperation in FP, during 1976 and reached agreement
on a program for cooperation in. 1977 which will be presented
for approval at the Fourth US-USSR Joint Atomic Energy
Committee Meeting in December in the USSR. Most of the
items listed in the proposed 1977 program represent continua-
tion of experiments underway in 1976. If implemented, the
program will allow US scientists a somewhat broader access
to Soviet institutions than achieved in FPM cooperation in
past years. The program also includes activities in two
new areas of cooperation: materials science and nuclear
science, representing a prospective expansion of cooperation
in this area of the Atomic Energy Agreement. During the meeting,
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also, the US representatives stressed the importance to the
continued success of the program of more rapid communication
between laboratories or individuals concerning activities under
the program of cooperation (slow Soviet responses at the
working level have resulted in numerous delays in the past)
and the Committee agreed that in furtherance of this aim,
the telex link between the two Co-Chairmen of the JCC-FPM
would be used when needed to facilitate communications between
laboratories or individuals concerning program activities.
The telex link was put to good use during the final week in
preparing for the JCC-FPM meeting.
During September, the Fermilab Director tendered a
personal invitation to Dr. A. Amatuni, the Director of the
Erevan Physics Institute and a delegate to the JCC-FPM meeting,
for Dr. A. Oganesian and L. Bagdasarian, both from the Erevan
Physics Institute, to spend six months at Fermilab. The two
Erevan physicists are to collaborate with Fermilab staff
members on the testing of a transition radiation detector
which was developed at the Erevan Institute, an important
center of particle detection work. Also in September, Drs.
Pavel Baranov and Sergey Rusakov, senior researchers from
the Lebedev Physics Institute in Moscow were invited to
return to Fermilab for four months to work on a joint experi-
ment in proton-pr`o`ton scattering at large momentum transfers;
their work here represents the continuations of the joint
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effort by Cornell, Northeastern and McGill Universities and
the Lebedev Institute. Drs. Baranov and Rusakov were
previously at Fermilab engaged in this joint effort from
February 1975 to October 1.975.
Additionally, during the third quarter, five Soviets
and
one Polish national, who is employed at the loipt Institute
for Nuclear Eeseargh at nubna, USSR, arriyed at Fermifah
for varying periods of time on two joint coulomb scattering
experiments.
Controlled Tha'monpglear Researc (CTR.
During the quarter, four USSR teams visitec the US? three
for a 2-3 week duration and one for eight weeks. The Magnetic
Mirror group visited. Lawrence h.iverpore Laboratory (LLL) in
continuation of the ongoing program of the experimental working
exchange bet'.geen US and S'aviet experts in the f}end?f }naspetic
mirrors - the major backup concept to the Tokomaks, The Fusion-
Fission group attended a symposium at LLL to discuss all forms
of fusion-fission systems, A wide range
f topics were covered
in this area, which represents a possible alternative approach.
for fusion power and in which the Soviets are particularly
interested. The group on Turbulence Theory and Computer Modeling
visited several US laboratories and universities to discuss
instabilities in fusion plasma systems and the development of
computer models to examine their behavior in greater detail.
This visit was particularly useful to the theQreti.cal group at
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Texas University where a concerted effort is being made c,n
turbulent heating of plasmas. The eight-week stay by the Soviet
group in Plasma Diagnostics included v?Sits to several ERDA
laboratories and several university campuses. The visits covered
a wide range of subject matter. Considerable interest was
shown by the Soviet side in plasma heating techniques, x-ray
diagnostics, switching techniques, automated data acquisition
and processing. This group's visit to the Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory was of particular interest to the US side since one
of the USSR scientists was able to provide considerable insight
into the imploding liner and related work at Krasnaya Pakhra.
The Soviet side delayed until the last quarter of 1976 the
scheduled exchanges in MHD Theory, Theta Pinch Experiments and
Alcator Experiments.
Five US teams visited the USSR during this quarter. One
of these, comprising three scientists, spent three weeks at the
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, in relativistic beam
work, of importance as a possible means of plasma heating and
as a possible source of plasma instability due to run-away
electrons. At Novosibirsk, the US team was provided the latest
Soviet results on relativistic beam work. During this quarter
one US CTR expert commenced a 16 weeks stay at the Kurchatov
Atomic Energy Institute in Moscow and at the Efremov Institute
in Leningrad, working on a key long-term technology problem-
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the design studies for blankets and shields which will be
required for the breeding of fuel and withdrawal of heat in
a fusion reactor.
The teams on Pulsed High Beta Experiments and on Energy
Storage and Diagnostics visited the Kurchatov Atomic Energy
Institute in Moscow and the Efremov and Ioffe Institutes in
Leningrad. These two groups were also given an opportunity to
visit Soviet research facilities at Novosibirsk and Sukhumi.
Unfortunately, some of the experimental work of interest was
not made available i.e. the scientists from the Krasnaya Pakhra
facility were not available for discussion in Moscow as expected.
The Superconducting Magnet team discussed the Tokamak-7
at Kurchatov and plans for the Tokamak-10M magnets at Efremov.
However, the US side felt that the visits to other nuclear physics
and high energy research institutes did not provide :information
of significant value,partly because we were not allowed access
to manufacturing and fabrication facilites. The US specialists
considered that the Soviet side concentrated on the design and
construction of the Tokamak magnets rather than on the develop-
ment and design of basic superconductors, of particular interest
to the US side.
Fast Breeder Reactors
The USSR shipment of heat exchanger tubing, unexposed to
sodium, equivalent to the US intermediate heat exchanger tubing
sent to the USSR in June, was shipped to the US in late July
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and was sent on to Oak Ridge National Laboratory for study.
The Soviet shipment completes the first materials exchange in
this program area; tubing which has been exposed to sodium,
will be exchanged for study by both sides at a later date.
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A four-man team of US specialists met with Soviet special-
ists at Obninsk, USSR from July 13 to 15 for discussions on
FBR fuel cladding materials. The meeting agenda covered the
following subjects: description and amount of cladding materials
to be exchanged between the US and the USSR; proposed
investigations to be performed by each country on the exchanged
materials; proposed subjects for inclusion in the US-USSR
Seminar on "Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Cladding
Materials" to be held in the US in 1977. The US and Soviet
specialists agreed to exchange the cladding material samples
during the first quarter of 1977.
An eleven-member US delegation participated in a joint
seminar "Some Aspects of :Increasing the Reliability and
Ensuring the Safety of Operation of Steam Generators for
Sodium Cooled FastReactors" at Dimitrovgrad, USSR from
July 26 to 31. During the Seminar, twelve Soviet and ten
US reports were presented and discussed. At working group
sessions the following questions were discussed; interaction
effects on small leaks of water into sodium, interaction
effects on large water leaks into sodium and corresponding
protective systems for steam generator; and methods of leak
detection and carbon transport. Programs for US-USSF cooper-
ation in these areas were developed and agreed upon by the
two sides and will be submitted for approval to the FBR
Joint Coordinating Committee during its next meeting scheduled
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for October 20-29 in the USSR. Following the Seminar,
the US specialists visited the Physics and Power Institute
at Obninsk and the BN-350 FBR installation at Shevchenko.
The US participants found the seminar sessions informative
and learned more about problems being experienced by the
Soviets with their steam generators.
Upcoming Events
The highlight of the fourth quarter will be the 4th
US-USSR Atomic Energy Joint Committee Meeting to be held from
December 6-10 in Erevan, USSR. The Joint Committee will
discuss and evaluate program activity which has taken place
under the Agreement in 1976, and will consider and is expected
to approve program proposals for joint activity in 1977. A
topic of interest on the agenda will be the discussion of
a proposal to test an American steam generator evaporator
in the Soviet fast breeder reactor facility at Shevchenko.
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We took no initiative again during the third quarter
to reschedule the second US-USSR Energy Joint Committee
meeting, which we postponed last March in response to
Soviet policy in Angola.. In spite of the continued post-
ponement, working level. activity has generally continued
unabated, with agreement finally reached on gas and oil
topics to be recommended to the Joint Committee for cooperative
projects.
Electric Power
THerma mower: A three-man US team which toured the
Soviet Union in June to study the design and operation of
thermal power stations, reviewed its impressions upon return
to the United States and concluded that, although by US
standards the boiler equipment was rather dated, the
operating record, in terms of availability, is remarkable.
They believe this result is due to following rigid mainten-
ance schedules. They also felt they had met with complete
openness to share technical information.
The two sides exchanged papers on water treatment for
fossil and nuclear power plants during the quarter. The US
side is, furthermore, collecting additional papers to answer
questions asked by the Soviets at a joint meeting last
quarter in Moscow. In response to a Soviet expression
of interest, the US side has offered to host a visit by
USSR experts to view actual nondestructive testing work-in
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progress at a fossil fuel plant in April 1977. We have
requested a return visit by US experts to the USSR on the
same subject.
The
Hydropower:/ Deputy to the Soviet Chairman of the Joint
Committee Maksimov wrote to US Chairman Zarb asking US
consent to the transfer of
hvdrotechnical
cold weather/construction from the S&T Agreement water
resources area to the Energy Agreement hydropower project
appears to be motivated
The Soviet side /by bureaucratic considerations.
It is in our interest for cooperation to proceed
as smoothly as possible. We have no major difficulty with the Soviet
proposal and have notified the Soviet Minister of Power and
Electrification and the Chairman of the SCST of our concurrence.
Heat Rejection: In return for the visit by a US
delegation to the Soviet Union last year, the US side has
offered to host a visit by a Soviet team this November in
the field of dry/wet cooling towers. The visit will include
a two-day seminar in Washington and tours of relevant sites
including TVA.
Air Pollution: Arrangements have been made for the
visit to the United States of a Soviet team on gaseous
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emissions in October. A full day of the program has been
set aside for the Soviet experts to present a symposium on
environmental considerations and environmental control plans
associated with the USSR's proposed large coal-fired electric
power generation complexes. The group will also be able
to see an exhibition of commercially available monitoring
instrumentation.
Ultra High Voltage: No meetings or visits were held
during the quarter on UHV, but agreement was reached as to
reports the two sides would prepare for their meeting next
summer. One priority item for study will be methods used
in experimental and clinico-physiological research for
evaluating biological effects due to electric fields.
Superconducting Transmission: The Fourth Meeting of
the Joint Organizing Committee in the field of Superconducting
Power Transmission took place in August at Brookhaven and
Stanford. Plans were further develpped for the shipment
of a US manufactured cryogenic refrigerator to the Mosenergo
Test Facility in the USSR and the provision of a Soviet-built
flexible or rigid superconducting cable to the United States.
A draft contract for the loan of the US refrigerator was
provided to the Soviets along with information on the
general characteristics of the machine. A US team will visit
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the USSR in the last quarter of 1976 to determine which
type of Soviet cable is preferred for the joint experiments
in the US. The US side is also considering the possibility
of having a Soviet built refrigerator loaned to the US
instead of accepting the Soviet cable as the next stage
in reciprocity for the US refrigerator.
Two additional Soviet organizations involved in research
in the superconducting field were represented at the meeting,
both under the Ministry of Electric Equipment Industries.
This was considered a gain for the US in that it broadens
the scope of cooperation. The value of the large number of
reprints of articles and reports in Russian provided during
the meeting will not be known until translation and evalua-
tion is complete.
Magnetohydrodynamics: Joint acceptance tests of the US
built. electrode walls for the Soviet U-02 MHD facility were
conducted in August. The suitability of the electrode
module specifications was confirmed. The test results are
listed in five Acts, consisting of visual inspection,
acceptance of equipment, electrical tests, hydraulic tests,
and thermocouple integrity tests. Following the acceptance
tests, the second 100-hour joint US-USSR electrode tests
were conducted at the U-2 facility during the period of 21-27
September 1976. The test section consisted of electrode
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walls made by the US and of insulating walls supplied by
the USSR. The main purpose of the experiment was to conduct
a life test. of the materials and construction of the US
electrode walls, particularly the behavior of ceramic
materials under MHD generator operating conditions. US
and Soviet specialists were present at all times at the
U-02 facility. Both sides considered this test to be
highly successful. Much valuable data and experience was
an
obtained which will lead to/advance in US technology in this
Solar: After many months of delay the Soviets finally
arranged for a mid-October visit by a US team on the subject
of photoelectric conversion.. However, the
program permitted only minimal opportunity to learn about..
Soviet photoelectric technology. Unless experience at a
Symposium scheduled for January is better, there ~rould seem
to be little point in continuing this project.
Coal
The Soviet Executive Secretary for the Environ-
mental Agreement advised us of the Soviet preference to
continue cooperation with the US in the field of coal cleaning
under the Environmental Agreement. The.Soviet Coal Ministry
had previously informed us that the Soviets wish to pursue
and has recently reiterated this position.
this topic only under the Energy Agreement/' We have asked
the Soviet Co--Chai.zman of the Energy :Jo.int Committee to
provide us with a coordinated Soviet. position.
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A group of Soviet specialists on this topic is expected
to come to the US late in November under the Energy Agreement.
Oil
After several exchanges, the US and USSR sides of
the temporary group of experts have reached agreement on
topics to be recommended to the Joint Committee for cooper-
ative activity, under the general headings of exploration
and enhanced recovery. The forms of cooperation are to
include short and long-term exchange of specialists, the
exchange of information, symposia, and the exchange of oil
samples. US coordinators have now been named for the sub-
topics and the industrial sector has been invited to
participate. Assuming Joint Committee approval, the next
step will be to determine detailed work programs and set
schedules for project execution.
Gas
In October', the Soviets confirmed their agreement
with the US February proposal on gas topics to be recommended
to the Joint Committee, namely arctic operations and enhanced
recovery. A Soviet team of experts on the latter topic
visited the US in October. The Soviets have not yet set
a date for a US visit to the USSR on construction and oper-
ation of pipelines and wells in arctic conditions, the topic
of most interest to the US. The Soviet Ministry of Home
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and Community Economy has agreed to receive a US delegation
on city gas distribution, a topic which the American Gas
Association wishes to explore.
Pollution by Gas and Oil
A US delegation which visited the Soviet Union to
study developments there during the quarter was
denied permission to visit Gazli to view
earthquake damage to gas installations there, the Shatlyk gas
where we had hoped
field and Khiva compressor station,/to discuss operational
problems resulting from the reported 1975 breaks in an. above
ground natural gas transmission line from too high internal
,where we wanted
pressure; and Baku/to observe drilling operations offshore.
The US delegation was apparently the
first such group to visit petroleum operations in Fergana and
a Druzhba pipeline facility; but what they saw there was
carefully stage managed. The Soviet. papers presented at a
symposium were superficial.. Informal discussions at the
symposium were more profound but of limited duration. During
the visit the working group agreed to consider eight topics
for possible future cooperative work. In the protocal signed
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on September 30, both sides agreed to specify measures,
including proposals for working programs, for joint cooperation
on any of the eight topics, the Soviets to do so by January
1, 1977 and US by March 31, 1977. Unless something meaningful
develops from this process, the case for continuing this
project will be weak.
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AGRICULTURE
Some additional progress was made toward the five main
US objectives under the Agreement in the third quarter, but
less than expected and less than in the previous three
part of
months. The Soviets met/an agreed schedule of supplying
selected
economic data to us--for example, in monthly output of/food
numbers
industry products and livestock/on state and collective
farms. However, they fell behind on several of the most
important ones, such as breakdowns of fertilizer use for
1975 and crop areas for 1976. More new contacts were made
with Soviet institutions and individuals through team exchanges,
but contacts were limited by the need to cancel several
planned exchanges. There was similar limitation on the increased
exchange of agricultural research information and materials,
and on new preparations for mutually beneficial research pro-
jects. Activities which probably did or will contribute to
market development for US agricultural commodities did approx-
imate expectations.
The number of team exchanges was only about ha:Lf of the
second quarter total, partly because the US cancelled two of
its scheduled teams and the Soviets postponed two of their
teams until the fourth quarter and two others until 1977.
Serious problems continued with the
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timing and content of the Soviet programming for US teams.
Research and Technological Development
Two US teams were sent to the USSR and one Soviet team
was received-here under this working group. Results of the
first US team were mixed, and programs of the other US team
and the Soviet team were not completed until mid-October.
The initial program offered by the Soviets to our Team
on Physiology of Farm Animal Reproduction arrived late. We
made partly successful attempts to get needed improvement and
clarification. The first part of the resulting program was
devoted to a workshop where scientists from both countries
presented review papers on the status and research needs in
selected areas. The papers presented by the Soviet participants
were generally acceptable; however, very little new or ade-
quately tested results were presented. One major limitation
was the fact that the Soviet interpreter was not familiar
with scientific terms, which seriously limited the opportunity
for effective exchange of information. The visits scheduled
after the workshop did not comply with or fulfill the request
made by the US side. The US scientists were not permitted to
observe bulls or boars under the USSR management systems.
Their request to observe beef feeding operations and large
swine complexes was denied. The Team had only limited oppor-
tunities to observe basic research laboratories on reproduction.
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Despite detailed preliminary requests and multiple requests
while in the USSR, the Team was denied any opportunity to see
how boars are handled and managed, or how semen.for artificial
insemination is collected. Farms and artificial insemination
centers selected by the Soviets, in the opinion of the Team,
were inadequate.
The Soviets first offered us the program for our Sugar
Beet Breeding and Growing Team a few days ahead of time, a
very welcome change. However, the offer omitted several
important research centers that were needed and which we had
requested. We took followup measures with considerable
success, but. one major type of research facility was denied
and some of our questions remained unanswered at the time the
Team departed the US.
Several members of the USSR '.ream on Cotton Growing and
Harvesting met the US Cotton Team while it was in the Soviet
Union, and two members of the latter helped brief the former
on its arrival in Washington. This familiarity may help us
get the rest of the data promised to our Cotton Team, but if
necessary, we can hold back on some of the information
requested by the Soviet Team. Several of the US hosts scheduled
for.the USSR Cotton Team are concerned about the US Cotton
Team's difficulty in obtaining needed information from the
Soviets and have sought. our advice about how the USSR Cotton
Team should be hosted.
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Economic Research and Information
Of the three US teams in this area, the, first appraised
.the 1976 USSR spring wheat situation, the second studied
current cotton prospects and ginning and use of cotton, and
the third evaluated the present sunflower seed crop and status
of vegetable oil production and consumption. We encountered
major difficulties in arranging each of the programs. In
each case, the Soviet response to the US request for a program
was late and the Soviet offer was too limited to be accepted.
We would initiate attempts to get the Soviet offer improved
but would be compelled to decide to send the team for the sake
of salvaging what we could, even though time did not permit
completion of negotiations for program improvement. In the
end, a program sufficiently improved to make the trip worth-
while would finally be received in the USSR, but in all cases
the final program was not as good as had been requested.
For our Spring Wheat Team, the Soviets first promised
that their response would not be more than one day late. This
was followed by frequent new assurances which were not carried
out, and the Team had to finish the battle for an adequate.pro-
gram in Moscow. The program actually received contained much
less ground travel than requested, and the drier areas around
Pavlodar and in Altay Kray were refused, but the unexpected
addition of the important Kustanay and Kokchetav regions made
the trip worthwhile.
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The Cotton Team originated with our special request
that it be added to the list originally agreed for team
exchanges in 1976. The willingness of the Soviets to receive
this Team seemed to be a good omen, even though their decision
undoubtedly was much influenced by the fact that we previously
had accepted an additional Soviet team. Their response to the
program request for this Team was short of the agreed 20-day
deadline, however, and they failed to respond to our requests
for improvements to and clarification of their first offer
before the Team arrived in Moscow. The Team saw an adequate
number of farms, gins and research units, and was well-treated
socially, but access to the key Fergana Valley and the new
Kashi and Dzhizak areas was denied. Data on cotton ginning
and cotton consumption were not provided at the end of the visit
as promised.. The next Soviet promise was that their Cotton
Team would bring these data to Washington and this was partly
fulfilled. Our.Team also disliked the way that one of its
Soviet escorts, who was later a member of the USSR Cotton Team,
interjected. himself into the interpreting to cut off answers
being given, and supply different answers in their place.
For our Sunflower/Vegetable Oil Team, we gave the Soviets,
at their request, about four months to work out a program
that covered the Team's stated objectives. The full Soviet
response still was late and limited, and hard bargaining had
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to be used to try to get an adequate program. Notable
improvements were obtained but the program was not completely
known until the Team arrived in Moscow. Observations per-
mitted our team in sunflower areas and in oilseed processing
plants was limited, making results of this visit far from
satisfactory.
We cancelled plans for a Team on Study of USSR Planning
of Milk and Meat Production, because our specialists decided
that not enough additional information could be obtained
over and above that collected and developed last spring by the
US Team on Study of USSR 1976-80 Livestock Plans. Plans also
were dropped to send a Team to develop multi-year joint research
on Forecasting Production and Use of Agricultural Commodities,
when the Soviets failed to provide any of the information
needed to prepare for such a visit.
No USSR teams were received under this working group,
since the Soviets postponed until 1977 expected teams on Grain
Storage and Protection and Agro-Industrial Fruit and Vegetable
Complexes. The latter was postponed for the second year in a
row.
Soviet Bureaucracy
The Soviet Secretariat in the USSR Ministry of Agriculture
(MinAg) claimed that the USSR Ministry of Food Industry was to
blame for much of the difficulty with the program for the US
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Sunflower/Vegetable Oil Team. This indicates to us that
MinAg is still reluctant and inefficient, and perhaps lack-
ing adequate clout, in acting as the Executive Agent for the
Soviet side in
visiting teams
Agreement. We
making the necessary arrangements for
under the US-USSR Agricultural Cooperation
plan to propose at the December Joint Committee
Meeting that both sides
enforce the exisitng agreement or a
/ 20-day deadline for notification
arrangements fcr team visits
to set a 10-day deadline for
in orginal program offers.
before departure. We also want
agreement on revisions necessary
US Administrative Problems
The heavy run of programming problems for US teams going
to the Soviet Union, which began in the second quarter, con-
tinued through most of Jul,, August and September. Over a
period of about four months, the Soviet response to. our request
for programs was late for eight consecutive US teams before one
finally was received on time. For an additional case there
was no response at all. For most of these eight cases, program
content was unacceptably limited in the initial offer, and we
had to try to get improvements in the short time remaining
before the team visit began. Our efforts brought some notable
success but not enough to save one visit and not as much as
desired for the others. These additional problems were
experienced even though we continued to fill Soviet program
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requests in timely fashion.
Private Sector
The 1976 exchange of 15 young agriculturists each
way between the National 4-H Foundation of the US and the
USSR Ministry of Agriculture was completed. The US group
represented 10 states and included two women. The Soviet
participants were all men, mostly from European USSR and
mostly married. Both sides have termed the 1976 exchange
could be arranged and took place,
but both sides also have indicated that some improvements
can and should be made in future years. We particularly
want US 4-H participants to live on Soviet farms, see more
different areas, and generally have more contact with Soviet
farm families than was the case in this first exchange.
Upcoming Events
Consecutive meetings of the two working groups and
the Joint Committee will be held .1- 10 December. The
main issue that we intend to take to these meetings is the
lack of reciprocity for us on the timing and content of
responses to program requests for visiting teams and
individuals. One US team and four Soviet teams are scheduled
to be exchanged in the October-December period which, if
realized, would make a total of 13 for each side for the
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The US Executive Secretary met briefly with the soviet
Executive Secretary in September during the latter's visit
to the US as a member of the Soviet Urban Transport Dele-
gation. We discussed with him the Coast Guard's disappoint-
ment at the thin agenda planned for the ice transiting
meeting and brought up some administrative and logistical
problems connected with hosting Soviet delegations. He
could not indicate when the Soviet side would be ready for
the Joint Committee meeting but thought that it would be
timed to follow the Kirillin-Stever meeting under the S&T
Agreement, now set for February 2, 1977.
Much progress has been made in gaining Soviet bridging
and tunneling technology and railway transport information
and data. Ice transiting is currently stalemated. We
continue to have excellent support for US positions in
international organizations. The prospect that the Soviets
may reopen negotiations with Sperry-Univac for the purchase
of an Air Traffic Control (ATC) system could become a
definite plus for the US.
Transport of the Future
We brought Soviet specialists dip to date on US research
in this area (magnetic levitation) during a May visit. We
note much Soviet interest in this field butlittle work that
would be of interest to us.. Another complicatinn factor is
that due to severe
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budget cuts in US programs several years ago, there is little
incentive to seek more active cooperation with the Soviets.
Soviets
)wring the May meeting, the/agreed to keep us informed on their
continuing research to solve technical problems in this
area. We cannot yet judge their performance in this regard
since no reports were received this quarter.
Transport Construction
Reports and documents which the Soviets sent us during
the past several months are now being translated and
evaluated. A particularly comprehensive Soviet report on
the methods of measuring loads on tunnels and tunnel liners
is believed to be a significant contribution to the cooper-
ative effort. In September we hosted a Soviet Delegation and
in October a US Delegation will visit the Soviet Union to
become familiar with highway and subway tunnel construction,
tunnel instrumentation, and various types of large bridge
construction. Discussions are continuing on plans for
conducting the joint project on measurement of loads on tunnel
liners.
Railway Transport
Evaluation of the large volume of books and papers which
the Soviets brought with them in May continued throughout
this quarter. We have almost completed compiling data
and gathering reports in answer to specific questions
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Page 37
raised by the Soviets during the May visit. With regard
to the joint rail hardware exchange project, no reports
are available as yet on the testing of the Soviet concrete
ties. Negotiations for the sale of the 200-300 draft
gear mechanisms by Cardwell Westinghouse of Chicago are
continuing..
Civil Aviation
Air Traffic Control: As suggest by the Soviets, a
meeting planned for the next quarter was postponed until
later this year or possibly February 1977. We would consider
it a significant development if the Soviets are indeed
reopening negotiations with Sperry-Univac for the purchase
of an ATC system. Provided the Soviets conclude a contract
with a US firm, some of the topics of discussion in,.this
area, cut back as a result of the contract with STANSAAB,
will be restored. Additionally, we would follow through
on our previous commitment to provide software and train-
ing in connection with procurement of a US ATC system.
Non-Visual Landingstems: In several recent,
International Civil Aviation Organiaation(ICAO) meetings,
the Soviet representatives have unfailingly upheld the US
Time Reference Scanning Beam (TRSB) as superior to the UK
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Pao(, . 3
Doppler as the world standard microwave landing system.
During the July ICAO meeting, our experts, with Soviet
support, pointed up a serious problem with the multipath
reflection found in the Doppler system. Certain doubts
as to actual Soviet expertise in this area dissolved
during the US Delegation's visit to the USSR last August
when the Soviets demonstrated to our satisfaction their
proficiency in this area and their capability of making a
substantive contribution to the international debate on
this issue.
Accident Investigation: Last August the US Delegation
reported exceptional progress in this area. They received
manuals and documents regarding Soviet accident investigation
procedures, saw demonstrations of operation readout on
flight data and cockpit voice recorders, saw how the Soviets
use this data in monitoring crew performance (e.g., how some
crews clearly show a need for further training), took tours
of three training academies for pilots (Leningrad), engineers
(Kiev) and air traffic controllers (Ulyanovsk), and were
fully briefed regarding the organization and functions of
the. State Aviation Supervision Board (SASB), which is,
except for its broader scope, a rough equivalent to the
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB now
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Page 39
has full voting rights as an SASE; accredited representative
on Soviet international accident investigations. Future
subgroup plans include: (a)' working out free exchange of
domestic accident data by next year (which the Soviets have
been reluctant to do), (b) a student exchange program, and
(c) working out proposals for changes to ICAO standards to
improve accident investigation participation rights and
adherence to data recording regulations--which has part-
icular significance in relation to African countries.
General Aviation: During September, a Soviet delegation
saw demonstrations of industrial and agricultural applications
of helicopters such as crop dusting, logging, forest fire
detection and control; and discussed weather modification
research and operational work. It also discussed the four
working programs adopted last July in Moscow and agreed to
conduct joint research on those topics.
There has been no activity in the Training, Airworth-
iness, or Security subgroups this quarter. We proposed that
the latter two topics be put in the inactive category for
1977 since, (a) the Soviets appeared to be "using" the
Airworthiness subgroup to discuss issues involved in the..
negotiation. of a US-USSR Airworthiness Agreement (a State
matter), and (b) the incompatibility of the two approaches
stemming from differences in governmental systems militates
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against any payoff for the US in the Security subgroup. We
do not yet have any Soviet reactions for these US proposals.
Marine Transport
Ice Transiting: We postponed a planned September US
Delegation visit to the USSR because the proposed agenda
offered the US side little, if any, technical benefit.
Although the Soviets have responded affirmatively by
somewhat strengthening the program, they are still refusing to allow
a visit to a modern Soviet icebreaker. The USSR Merchant
Marine Ministry panel leader asserts that icebreakers are
not under the Ministry's jurisdiction and, therefore, he
cannot accommodate the US request. We expect the Soviets
to be forthcoming enough in substituting other items to make
the visit feasible next quarter.
Ocean Commerce and Cargo Handling and Ship Equipment
and Crew Training: Although MARAD is experiencing a travel
funding squeeze, they are planning to send a delegation to
the Soviet Union in November to cover program topics under
these two panels. In connection with the latter panel we
have asked the Soviets to discuss the USSR Merchant Fleet
Management Information System, prospective uses of
synchronous satellite systems for fleet management (search
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and rescue) and vessel traffic systems operations in
addition to the regular program topics.
Safety of Life at Sea (BOLAS) and Ocean Wave S2ectra
(OWS): There has been no activity in these subgroups this
past quarter. We have proposed that they become inactive
next year as there seems to be no particular gain for either
side, especially since SOLAS issues do come up in Inter-
governmental Maritime ConsultatativeOrganization. We believe
(contrary to Soviet opinion) that reliable instruments do
not presently exist for carrying out the measurement of hull
stress program envisaged for the OWS panel.
Automobile Transport (Highway Safety).: Soviet testing
of a US-designed safety device (which prevents a subpar driver
from starting his vehicle) has been postponed until the
first of next year because of an unanticipated delay in
delivery of the device by its US developer. We expect a
late spring 1977 delivery. In the meantime we are awaiting the
Soviet input concerning the modifications necessary to put
the device in their vehicles. We are also awaiting a Soviet
response on our proposal for exchange of data on child
occupant accident survival statistics.
Facilitation of Cargo Documentation
The Soviets have been informed that, due to an internal
DOT review of the Cargo Data Interchange System (CARDIS),
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we would have to postpone indefinitely the joint cargo
data demonstration project between Leningrad and a US
port planned for this fall.
Urban Transport
During September, we hosted an enthusiastic Soviet
Urban Transport Delegation which had particular interest
in automated urban traffic control systems. The sides
agreed to consider holding a joint symposium on the devel-
opment of urban mass transportation systems and agreed to
exchange information on a number of topics of mutual
interest during the next year.
Hazardous Materials
Through the cooperation of the US Executive Secretary
of the US-USSR Environmental Protection Agreement, we were
able to include a DOT pipeline safety expert as a member
of the US Environmental Delegation to the USSR in October
under the Northern Ecosystems project of the Environmental
Agreement. The DOT member also planned to hold preliminary
discussions on the possibilities for cooperation in the
transportation of hazardous materials, as agreed during
the 1975 meeting of the Joint Committee on Transportation.
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Soviet Bureaucracy
The Soviets continue to be unresponsive when
communications problems or tither misunderstandings arise
which necess.tate changes in plans. Last July we planned
that after FAA representatives attended ICAO meetings at
the Hague, they Would proceed to Moscow for vieits to
Soviet MLS installations. Due to a rather inexplicable
mixup in dates, the Soviets stated they could not receive
the delegation immediately following the ICAO meeting, and
we were therefore obliged to have our people return home
and regroup for an August trip. Later, the Soviets
apoltgized and commented that they should have been more
flexible, We suspect that "dress rehearsals" may have been
in order as a result of discussions in the ague with
regard to what the US Delegation wished to see during its
visit.
98 Administrative Problems
Communications have greatly improved as the Soviets
now almost exclusively use US Embassy channels for mail
and messages.
We have experienced some annoying administrative and
logistical problems in hosting Soviet delegations (a) non-
ticketing by Aeroflot for planned internal TJ travel Xplus
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Soviet surprise that extra US dollars would therefore
be needed) and (b) a general lack of communication on
changes in Washington arrival plans. We have proposed
solutions to the above problems to the SCST via US Embassy
channels.
Funding for travel, translations, and hospitality
continues to be a key problem in the implementation of the
Soviet program. DOT believes that the Administration, if it
considers the Soviet bilaterals important, -should address
this problem and come up with a solution. At the very
least, it should be prepared to reiterate "in house" the
importance of the prqgram to generate some enthusiasum for
taking it out of the agency's budgetary hide.
Upcoming Events
The 1976 Joint Committee Meeting date cannot be set
until we receive and study the Soviet priority program list.
Judging from the comments of the Soviet Executive Secretary,
we do not anticipate holding the meeting before January or
February of 1977.
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MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
While no major meetings actually took place during the
third quarter, we agreed to October 25-29 dates and proceeded
w:Ah preparations for the Fifth US-USSR Health and Artificial
Heart. Joint Committee Meeting. In preparing for the meeting,
HEW undertook a review of activity under all program areas and
concluded that with the excerption of the project area on the
Organic Basis of Schizophrenia, progress in all priority areas
under the individual visitors exchange,
has been satisfactory. During the quarter,/ten Americans traveled
to the USSR in the fields of clinical psychology, nursing and
primary health care, virology, physiological psychology and
biomedical communications. The Fogarty International. Center, NIH,
received and programed 19 Soviet ex:hangees in the fields of critical
care medicine, spinal cord regeneration, microbiology, experimental
hypnosis, psychosomatic psychology, primatology, transplantation,
vaccines and anesthesiology.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis: One Soviet biochemist
working in the nutrition area of this joint project began a two-
month visit to key lipid research centers in the US.
Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: Both sides continued
with patient recruitment for a joint study to evaluate different
forms of therapy in the management of chronic ischemLc heart
disease manifest by chest. pain. Preparation continued during the
quarter for the first Joint US-USSR Symposium on the Management
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of Ischemic Heart Disease, scheduled to take place in Mcsccc.
during October 1976. The itinerary for the US delegation to
this symposium includes a visit to the scientific facilities
in the city of Irkutsk, the first time this Soviet city has been
included in the itinerary of a cardiovascular delegation.
Sudden Death: The first Soviet fellows in this area arrived'
in the US to begin an extended stay in two planned subareas of
cooperation. A Soviet pathophysiologist will work on a protocol
in the pathology area of this project. In the area of antiarrhythmic
drugs, the other fellow will visit two US laboratories to become
familiar with US research and trends in identifying the relation-
ship between arrhythmias and sudden death in victims and in survivors.
Oncology
From September 27 to October 8, the Third US-USSR Oncology
Program Review was held in Bethesda, Maryland. Satisfaction was
expressed by both sides with the ongoing program in all six prob-
lem areas. Highlights of the meeting are outlined below.
Cancer Chemotherapy: Since the cooperation began in this
area, 155 anticancer drugs and chemical preparations (59 American
and 96 Soviet) have been exchanged and jointly tested. Encouraging
preliminary results have been obtained this quarter by the Soviets
in combined modalities treatment of small cell carcinoma of the
lung by using the American drug CNU and the Soviet drug Methylni-
trosourea.
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Cancer Immunology: In this problem area the Soviets
reported an interesting finding: in high risk groups with the
local form of melanoma, there was some delay in the onset of
metastases during the first year of observation of patients who
had received BCG as an imumun.oprophylactic treatment. The patient
numbers in this study were small, however, and US and Soviet
coordinators have agreed to continue the study of this relation-
ship.
Cancer Virology: Both sides agreed to continue joint
work in this area with emphasis on the role of viruses in the
induction of human breast tumors. There was also agreement to
discuss further joint studies on "recombinant DNA" and "viral
pseudotypes" at the next joint meeting of the delegation. It was
also understood that, if and when such studies are undertaken,
US participants would be obligated to follow the NIH guidelines
for all RNA--DNA recombinant research.
Mammalian Somatic Cell Genetics: While both sides are
independently active in the areas approved for joint study,
cooperation has only progressed to the exchange of scientists,
information and materials. Hope was expressed that this area
will now progress rapidly to joint studies.
Cancer Epidemiology: An active exchange of information
has continued in this problem area in the past months and agree-
ment was reached at the Annual Program Review for the preparation
of a joint study on the epidemiology of cancer of the cervix,
uterus and ovaries. Most importantly, both sides have agreed
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that standards of presentation of epidemiological data must be
developed rapidly and that each may work with other international
organizations to assist with these uniform procedures. By the end
of October, each side will deliver to the other their chapters
for a joint monograph on "Epidemiology of Tumors in the U.S.A.
and U.S.S.R." This monograph is scheduled to be published in the
Journal of the National Cancer Institute in the US and the Meditsina
Publishing House in the USSR.
Cancer Control and Cancer Centers: Significant advances
in this problem area were discussed at both the Oncology Program
Review and the Third US-USSR Cancer Control and Cancer Centers
Meeting (August 30 - September 10). US and Soviet specialists
agreed that joint studies had revealed that breast cancer can be
detected at an earlier stage by using a combined four modality
screening method including history, physical examination, mammo-
graphy and thermography. Discussion also centered around initial
study results from both countries which indicate that mammography
and physical examination have proven to be more reliable breast
cancer detection tools than thermography. During this meeting,
both sides agreed to carry out a prospective study of 300 potentially
curable breast cancer patients. A questionnaire was jointly
developed and will be administered to patients postoperatively.
The questionnaire will be completed in English and returned to the
National Cancer Institute for computer processing.
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Influenza and Acute Respiratory Diseases
Etiology and Immunoprophy:Laxis: Arrangements were
made during the quarter to exchange sera of national populations
for comparing age-specific swine influenza antibody .Levels. The
purpose of the study is to determine if the US has a higher rate
in younger age groups, a finding which may suggest more frequent
introduction of the virus in the US.
Chemo-Interferon Prophylaxis: Additional antivirals
have been sent to the USSR according to previously agreed-upon
schedules.
Organic Basis of Schizophrenia
Complications with the planned exchange of one young
Soviet researcher, Dr. Gindilis, have developed. A US exchangee
within this ;project area worked with Dr. Gindilis in the Soviet
Union last year and plans were being made for Dr. Gindilis to
research
travel to the US this year to continue some/activities. In
correspondence between the project area coordinators over the
past quarter, however, it, has become clear that the Soviets now
will not allow Dr. Gindilis to work in the program and certainly
not travel to the US. The U'S participants recognize that Dr.
Gindilis, a young Jewish scholar still in training, may be in
trouble with his Institute authorities..
Soviet Bureaucracy
Although not a new problem, during this quarter one
American applicant withdrew his proposal under the Individual
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Specialist Exchange Program because of a tardy response --rom
the"Ministry of Health about the program which could be arranged
for him. This candidate did indicate, however,,that he may apply
again in the future when he has more flexibility in his personal
schedule.
Private Sector
The coordinators within the Artificial Heart priority
area have recently become aware that a US medical marketing firm
(WJS, Inc.) has been making contacts with USSR scientists involved
in the joint program. Although no one is aware of any major
purchases, the Soviet coordinator in the area, Professor Shumakov,
mentioned during his recent visit to the US that one of the US
artificial kidney manufacturers has set up several "free" test
units at his Institute of Transplantology in Moscow. The Soviets
are apparently supplying the firm-with data in return.
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HOUSING AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION
There was progress at the working level in four of
the six working groups under this Agreement.
Building Design and Construction Management
Our intermediate objective of developing and exchanging
technical materials on design and construction management
has proceeded from Our side, although the Soviets have not
yet responded in kind. Preparations for exchange of experts
in this area during the fourth quarter, however, has proceeded
adequately..
The project team on Norms and Standards- submitted
technical papers to its Soviet counterpart on June 15 and
August 6, 1976. To date no acknowledgement or response has
been received. A follow-up letter was forwarded on. September
24, 1976,with no response forthcoming. The project. team on
Organization and Technology of Design also forwarded tech-
nical papers and material, on September 15, 1976, but again
no acknowledgement or response has been made by the Soviet side.
The US funding problem for this working group has been partially
resolved with the approval of a specific budget for GSA parti-
cipation in the Agreement. In terms of meeting overall costs,
the provision is skeletal, but it provides for continued parti-
cipation on a "sending side pays" basis.
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,~?~ The Leo A. Daly Co. agreed to host a group of Soviet officials
in October on organization and technology of design and the
Harvard Graduate School of Design agreed to assemble a two-
day seminar for the same group. However, the Soviets post-
poned their visit, thereby complicating our efforts to keep
the private sector involved in our programs on a smoothly
operating basis.
Project-level work has developed during the quarter with
preparations for a US visit to the Soviet Union 10-17 October
under the project on Construction Management. We expected
a Soviet team on Organization and Technology of Design to
visit the US October 26-November 5, but their visit has been
postponed until January. Additionally, an invitation has
been received to have US project teams visit the USSR during
the first quarter of 1977. We hope to gain a better under-
standing of Soviet expertise and the prospects for mutually
beneficial cooperation in this field as a result of these
visits.
Industrialized Building Systems and Utilities
There was significant activity on the American side
by NAS/BRAB to establish five projects under this working
group. Telephone and letter contacts were made with each
project group with special emphasis on those groups in
industrialized 5uildings and utilities which are scheduled
to either receive Soviet delegations or travel to the Soviet
Union during fourth quarter 1976. The HUD-BRAB contract
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53
duration is from July 1, 1976, through March 31, 1978, which
covers one complete exchange of project and subproject groups
as well as. the second Working Group meeting scheduled for the
Soviet Union in the first quarter of 1978.
Many contacts have been made with private sector individ-
uals inviting their participation on the projects and subprojects
of this working group. 'There still appears to be a reluctance on
the part of a number of firms and trade associations to make a
commitment to this endeavor for several reasons. For example,
many US firms see Soviet technology at a lower level than ours,
and many have had bad experiences with Soviet commercial contacts
that seem more oriented towards eliciting data and prices, rather
than towards actually signing contracts. However, HUD believes
that at least in the building systems area competent American
delegations on the order of four to six federal government and
private industry individuals can be organized. In this regard,
we have sought to impress on the Soviets the importance to the
cooperative program of their treating US private sector partici-
pants well. For reasons unclear to us so far, the utilities
area still appears to attract greater private sector interest.
In November Soviet delegations on the following projects
and subprojects will visit the US: (1) Designing of the Factory
Processes for High Volume Production of Building Systems, (2)
Designing and Construction of Large Reservoirs, Smokestacks,
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Cooling Towers, and Silos of Metal and Concrete, and (3)
Utility Systems for Populated Areas.
Building for Extreme Climates and Unusual Geological Conditions
The US and Soviet Co-Chairmen of this working group have
agreed to, and detailed arrangements are essentially complete
for, a visit of a Soviet delegation to Washington, Alaska, Chicago,
the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) at Cham-
paign, Illinois, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab-
oratory (CRREL) at Hanover, New Hampshire, the Waterways
Experiment Station (WES) at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and New York
City during 5-17 October 1976. Purpose of the visit is to
reciprocate the US side's visit to Moscow, Tashkent and Leningrad
in November 1975 and to continue planning for long-term exchanges
of US and Soviet counterpart engineers and scientists to work
at each others' home stations for up to three months on specific
technical projects and then publish joint monographs on their
cooperative work.
Soviet bureaucratic problems appear to us to have been the
cause of the extensive (five-month) delays in arranging for the
Soviet visit to the US, now planned for 5-17 October 1976. The
nine-member Soviet delegation scheduled to visit in October
includes none of the Soviet participants in the extensive mutual
briefings and negotiations conducted in Moscow in November 1975.
It thus seems lJkely that much of the value of the November 1975..
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meeting could be lost and that the US side may have to re-
establish a cooperative working relationship with an entirely
new group of Soviet representatives. We expect to raise this
point with the Soviets as an example of the kind of problem
which both sides should work to avoid.
New Towns
With the submission of a 267-page Soviet draft of a publi-
cation on standards for new towns site selection and development,
considerable progress was made toward a joint publication of a
report on new towns which would aid in site selection for new
towns in the US. This Soviet paper is the most comprehensive
single document prepared by Soviet officials under this agree-
ment and represents a considerable effort by the Soviet: side.
The Soviets also supplied a copy of their recently completed
national standards for new towns and existing towns and provided
a book on Methods of Town Reconstruction and one on. Town
Construction: A Collection of Scientific Works. These are
currently being translated for subsequent evaluation.
After months of delay a Soviet team finally came to the US
8-17 September to visit freestanding new towns in Tennesee, Ari-
zona, and Colorado, and the Irvine Ranch in California. The
Soviets appeared to find the trip productive and enjoyable, and
they seemed particularly interested in our use of space in planning
single family housing. The Soviet; team was to have arrived in
Washington on the 7th. But, due to a one-week delay by the Soviet
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs in picking up the visas at ou
Embassy and delivering them to the Soviet delegation, the
team arrived on the 8th in New York, eliminating most of the
Washington section of the itinerary. Rescheduling at the last
minute was not easy. Private firms, especially in Arizona and
Colorado, did an excellent job in hosting the Soviet delegation.
US companies have thus far maintained interest in participating
in exchanges, largely because of greater Soviet experience in
the design and construction of new towns built up around
readily available sources of energy.
A US delegation on freestanding new towns is to visit the
USSR in October 1976, and the focus will be on new town manage-
ment, a subject of great interest to the Soviets for reasons not
yet clear to us. Regretably, our delegation has been denied
access to a coal-based new town we wanted to include on their
itinerary.
A US request to visit Naberezhnye Chelny on the Kama River
has been turned down twice by the Soviets, perhaps because of
scheduling difficulties. However, Naberezhnye Chelny is the
center of the huge Kama River construction project; HUD believes
there may have been some Soviet sensitivity to having technical-
level Government delegations visit the site.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
After stalling the Soviets for several months, in
August we officially confirmed the acceptability of the
dates November 15-19 for the next Joint Committee meeting
in Moscow. At the working level there was the usual, drop
in significant activities during the quarter, attributed
to summer vacations.
Air Pollution
In the stationary sources air pollution control tech-
nology area, during July we jointly tested a Soviet wet
scrubber system for particulate abatement at Nikopo:L, USSR.
The results indicate that the methodology used and the data
obtained are comparable and can be intercalibrated.
In July the Soviets agreed to create a new project on
Ferrous Metallurgy Pollution Control Technology (02.01-24),
covering both air and water pollution control.
Climate Effects
In our, continuing efforts to engage the Soviets on the
issue of depletion of stratospheric ozone by fluorocarbons,
in July we briefed a visiting Soviet team on US methodology
and procedures for measuring and -analyzing stratospheric
samples.
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Earthquake Prediction
Our earthquake prediction specialists report they have
obtained very interesting information on precursor radon
anomalies recorded during the May 1976 Gazli earthquake in
the USSR. They have also jointly developed with the Soviets
data on fault slips as earthquake precursors as well as on
earthquake clusters caused by the filling of the reservoir
behind the new Soviet dam at Nurek, Tadzhikistan.
Upcoming Events
In preparing for the Joint Committee meeting we have
indicated to the Soviets that we intend to drop or scale
down several projects and subprojects which offer us
insufficient payoff. These include Transportation Source Air
Pollution Technology (02.01-31: scale down; the Soviets lag
far behind), New Communities in the Far North (02.04-11:
possible transfer to the Housing and Other Construction Agree-
ment), Solid Waste Management (02.01-13: scale down; the Soviets
lag far behind), Urban Environment in Existing Cities (02.04-
14: scale down transportation section, drop sections or noise
abatement and land use in which the Soviets show minimal interest).
At the same time, we have indicated interest in new projects
on toxic substances and drinking water, but the Soviets have
not responded. However, the Soviets have signaled interest
in creating new projects on land use and reclamation, environ-
mental education, and the ecology of holarctic mammals. The
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Department of Interior, the US agency responsible for
two of the
the working area where /. three new projects fall, is
enthusiastic about the Soviet land reclamation proposal.
Soviet interest in the land reclamation topic reflects the
priority they are currently giving to land improvement programs
land
in an attempt to increase their agricultural/area. In replying
to the Soviets, we will take into account work being pursued
under the Soil Science 'proaect of the US-USSR AGricultural
Aareement.
During the Joint Committee meeting we hope to initial a
Convention Concerning Migratory Birds and Their Environment
and to hold preliminary discussions on the possibility of a
convention for the protection of ice seals, walruses, and per-
haps other marine mammals which migrate back and forth across
the Bering Sea-Chukchi Sea area. This issue takes on extra
significance in view of our plans to extend our jurisdiction
(and thereby the provisions of the Marine Mammal Protection
Act) out to 200 miles.
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The Soviets finally acted positively, a year late, on the
earlier agreement to discuss specific prospects for major
cooperative space projects to follow ASTP. Representatives
of NASA and the USSR Academy of Sciences' Intercosmos Council
held a meeting in Washington in October to discuss such possible
projects as manned missions involving the US shuttle and Soviet
Salyut spacecraft; construction of an international space station;
and certain practical applications of space, such as climate
prediction, measurements and global search and rescue. Working
level activities in all project areas under the Agreement moved
forward according to expectations.
Space Biology and Medicine
US specialists participated in a meeting on the final results
of the analysis of the experiments flown on the Soviet biological
satellite, Cosmos 782. Czechs, Poles, Hungarians, Bulgarians,
Romanians, and French also presented final results on their work.
In addition, a working group meeting was held in Yerevan,
Armenia during September. The working group confirmed the experi-
ments to be flown on a Soviet biological satellite in the last
quarter of 1977, including five from the US, and drew up a list of
action items to implement these experiments. Also on the agenda
were US and Soviet medical results of ASTP, medical results of
Salyut 4, the contribution of bed rest studies toward understanding
the physiological effects of weightlessness, and methods of pre-
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dicting man's health state in weightlessness.
In private discussion with the head of .the US delegation
to the Yerevan Session, the Soviets provided non-public infor-
mation on the statq of health of the two-man crew of the SOYUZ
21 flight, which was aborted early because of technical problems
on board.
At both Space Biology and Medicine meetings, the Soviets
were frank and professional in their discussions.
With respect to specific interest in accurual of technical
benefits to the US, the accommodation of. US biological experi-
ments on a Soviet biosatellite next year will give us an
opportunity to fly life sciences experiments that we would not
otherwise have until the Space Shuttle in 1980.
Natural Environment
US specialists travelled to ilursk to observe ground
truth instrumentation and the conditions of a. site used for
agricultural surveys from, space under the Natural environment
working Group. During the visit to the Kursk test site, the
Soviets provided a tour which was beneficial to the
US team. For the first time, the Soviets provided access to
their remote sensing hardware permitting the US. team to board
and to inspect the AN-30 aircraft labortary. The overall
consideration from the trip was that, while the Soviets are
behind in development and technique and their civil applications
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they have necessarily "discovered" the importance of this
area of research and are beginning to gear up quite a large
US team r.s
effort. The / observations of Soviet capabilities in this
area will make the agricultural data to be exchanged more
meaningful in the US Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment
(LACIE) armed at world wheat crop prediction. In the future,
we hope to have a more detailed visit to the site in about a
year to assess progress.
NASA and the Academy of Sciences have confirmed the report
of the working group on the Natural Environment written at
their meeting in May. The document covers remote sensing
applications in the areas of microwave techniques, agriculture,
oceanography, and geology.
Space Meteorology--Rockets
A rocket meteorology experiment was.conducted during
August and September to study diurnal variations under quiet
and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. The results of this
study will be exchanged with the results of a Soviet study on
the same subject at the working group meeting in November.
Full processed data tapes combining both Soviet ground
and NASA Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-6) magneto-
meter data are being prepared and forwarded to the USSR for
the data collection period of March-August.
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Space Meteorology--Satellites
In the satellite meteorology area, each side conducted
microwave sensing of the atmosphere, using both aircraft and
Space Science
In the lunar area, NASA has initiated contacts to obtain
a surface sample from the Soviet Luna 24 mission for US
research, per agreed exchange arrangements. This opportunity
was also used to remind the Soviets that the invitation is
still open for a Soviet lunar scientist to reciprocate a US
visit to a Moscow institute in 1973-1974.
in all the aforementioned catego.rjes
Soviet exchange of data / has been adequate (.quantity,
quality, deadlines) during the third quarter.
Private Sector
While no activities take place between private US firms
and Soviet institutions under the Space Agreement, the Soviets
time
did some/ago approach several US firms for the purchase of
equipment used in earth resources survey programs. The
digital multispectral scanner approved last year by Commerce
for export to the Soviet :Hydromet Service was not cleared by
COCOM. After subsequent :review, Commerce denied the applica-
tion and the scanner is now on the :Munitions List subject to
State Department regulation.
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Upcoming Events
.A meeting to discuss post-ASTP cooperation was set in
Washington, D.C., October 19-22. Also, a meeting of special-
ists under the Satellite Meteorology Working Group, and
of specialists under the Rocket Meteorology Working Group
was confirmed respectivity- for November 9-15 and November
15-22.
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WORLD OCEANS
The Third Quarter saw continued activity in ongoing project
areas, but no work was begun on new program. initiatives proposed
at the Second Joint Committee Meeting in 1975 and at the several
working group meetings held :Last spring. Two of the areas, Air-
Sea Interaction and Instrumentation continue to show little pro-
gress without guidance from a Joint Working Group and. at this
stage it seems unlikely that any activity will be generated prior
to the Third Joint Committee Meeting. The Fourth Quarter, however,
should see a great deal of activity in the Biology, Ocean Dynamics
and Geology Working Areas.
Large-Scale Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction
There continues to be no attempt by the Soviets to form a
working group in this area or to select a working group co-chair-
man. Indications are that coordination problems exist between the
Soviet Academy of Sciences and the Hydrometeorological Service
and these difficulties preclude further action. We believe this.
matter can best be resolved by the Joint Committee.
The International Southern Ocean Studies--Polar Experiment?
South (ISOS-POLEX-S) cooperative activity, involving current
the
and water column measurements,in/Drake Passage, is the only pro-
ject which shows progress in this working area. It is an area
where bureaucratic responsibility for the carrying forward of the
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activity is clearly established in the USSR (Hydromet), and
where both sides already had well-defined programs and found it
relatively easy to devise a cooperative program. As recommended
during the Second Joint Committee Meeting, a US-USSR Workshop
was held in Leningrad the week of July 12 to discuss the coopera-
tive studies in the Southern Ocean. The Soviet delegation was
headed by Professor A. F. Treshnikov, the Director of the Arctic
and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). Dr. Worth Nowlin, the
Co-Chairman of the ISOS Executive Committee, headed the seven-
member US delegation. US and Soviet scientists presented seven-
teen papers on the 1975 and 1976 field observations of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the atmospheric and oceanic frontal
zones in Drake Passage. These papers were based on data collected
during individual expeditions of the US R/Vessels MELVILLE, CONRAD,
and THOMPSON and the Soviet R/Vessels PROFESSOR ZUBOV and VIESE.
During the Workshop both sides agreed to continue data exchange,
to hold workshops and to conduct cooperative field operations in
1977. Three scientists will spend the month of February aboard
a Soviet ship taking hydrographic data in the ACC, south of Australia.
Both sides also agreed to ask the Joint Committee to approve
the establishment of a Working Sub-Group on the Southern Ocean
within the Large-Scale Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Working Group.
Ocean Currents and Dynamics
Large Scale Dynamics Experiment (POLYMODE)
The three Mid-Ocean/issues which have required implementation
over the past year were stalled further by Academician Sidorenko's
August 2 response to Dr. White's requests of April and July for
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action. Academician Sidorenko suggested in his letter that
the exchange of liaison scientists, and the inclusion of other
nations in the project be put off until well into 1977.. The
teletype link will be set up but the timing remains unknown.
The leading US POLYMODE scientists, despite their desire to
continue with the joint effort are discouraged and have informed
their Soviet: counterparts that US cooperation will be restrained.
Specifically, the US side is not prepared to supply expendable
bathythermograph probes (XBTS) to the Soviets unless the three
issues in question are agreed to and implemented within the next
two or three months.
Other POLYMODE activities during the Third Quarter included
two joint planning and theoretical exchanges and a technical
inspection of the Soviet Research Vessel VERNADSKY to allow for
interface between US instrumentation and VERNADSKY power systems
during a fail intercomparison cruise.
Four Soviet scientists spent the first two weeks of July at
MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) working on
the Experimental Design Sub Group. Thirteen US scientists spent
the month of August in the Crimea at a POLYMODE Theoretical
Exchange session. The Soviets had their foremost oceanographers
in attendance demonstrating their desire to have the meetings'be
productive. Academician Brekhovskikh and Professor Monin parti-
cipated during the entire session. There was an emphasis on
formal presentations rather than informal talks which disappointed
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some of the members of the US delegation. Despite the ov-:,
formality of the meetings there were opportunities for in al
discussions which were most useful. A joint publication of the
proceedings is now in preparation. The numerical modelling aspects
of POLYMODE were discussed in detail, and Professor Monin has
directed that his scientists prepare a detailed paper on the types
of POLYMODE data necessary to upgrade and refine the numerical
models.
A portion of these meetings were held aboard the Research
Vessel VERNADSKY during a four-day cruise in the Black Sea, and
it was during this cruise that a MIT/WHOI technician was aboard
to inspect the vessel in preparation for a joint instrumentation
intercomparison which took place in October in the North
Atlantic.
In the Numerical Modelling project area, as a follow-,-,-: to
Professor Sarkisyan's three-month visit to NOAA's Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Professor Monin, Director of
the Soviet Institute of Oceanology, has invited a GFDL scientist
to the Novosibirsk computer facility. We are proposing that the
visit take place in May 1977.
Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry
A Soviet geologist participated in the 49th Cruise Lec of the
Deep Sea Drilling Project in the North Atlantic during Jul_- and
August. At the 25th International Geological Congress in Sney,
Australia, during August, Dr. Rona of NOAA met with the So-:iet
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.ieILegation to discuss the progress on the Joint US/USSR Trans
Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) Geophysical Atl.ls. A preview display
was made at the Congress of the contents of this Atlas.. Dr. Rona
assured the Soviets that the US input would
be prepared by the
end of 1976. The Soviets on the other.hand were non-committal,
but felt that their data preparation is moving along well.
The marine geophysics of the Aleutian Kamchatka area will
be investigated this fall by the US research vessels CONRAD and
VEMA. A Soviet research vessel may participate in this field
effort.
No activity occurred in the new project
areas of Sediment Dynamics or Inhomogeneity of the Earth's Crust.
Biological Productivity and Biochemistry
There were two joint cruises during the quarter. US
scientists participated in an investigation of a Gulf Stream
ring aboard the Soviet Research Vessel BELOGORSK in September.
In August US scientists were aboard the Soviet ship KHRONOMETR
for hydrocoustic investigations of fish populations off the
Canary Islands.
Dr. Edwards of NOAA'a Woods Hole National Marine Fisheries
Center met with Dr. Byolov to discuss plans for the November
Workshop on BioproductiveSystems of the North Atlantic. This
workshop will. be held at the Woods ]Hole facility.
A variety of workshops and symposiums will be taking place
in the Fourth Quarter and will, hopefully, produce useful results
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ii, the form of joint publications.
Intercalibration and Standardization
There continues to be no progress in this working area.
and informed us that
The Soviets did respond in late July to our May query./ Dr.
Yastrebov has been chosen as the new Co-Chairman of the Instru-
mentation Working Group replacing Dr. Igor Mikhaltsev. The
Soviets also indicated in their July response that their review
of the US Salinity and Temperature Standard Proposal is complete
and the materials will be sent soon. Nothing has been received
to date.
Dr. V. Shirey also suggested in this same cable that an
October Working Group Meeting be scheduled in the Soviet Union.
A cable was forwarded to the Soviets on September 11, pro-
posing that salinity samples be exchanged immediately in order
that the appropriate test be completed before a joint working
group meeting is scheduled. There has been no response through
the Third Quarter.
Upcoming Events
Scheduling of the Third Joint Committee Meeting for late in
the Fourth Quarter or early in 1977 continues to be a major item
for review, but further planning awaits a Soviet response to our
proposal.
The Geology, Ocean Dynamics, and Biology Working Group areas
will continue to see activity over the rest of 1976 and well into
1977, while other areas show limited or no progress.
December 17, 1976
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