PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE RESEARCH STUDIES WITHIN THE AIR FORCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01731R003500150016-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: September 8, 1950
• Content Type: STUDY

Approved or Release 20IA-RDP80R0. 731 R003500
SECRET
PSYCIOLOCICA~., WARFARE, RESEARC I STUDIES
WITHIN THE; AIR FORCE
A. RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND REPORT I :SUS
1. Crisis and1 Disaster Studies. This project cont=ains ev?: -
studies, in relation to Civil Defense. The following otudi
.been completed and are published: (RAND Report)
a. Psychological Impact of Air Attacks: A Survey an:
Analysis of Observations on Civilian Reactions During
War K.
L. Psychological Aspects of Vulnerability to A-tomb - tt ,,
c. Proposal for Field Research on Psychological Impact C
Peacetime Disasters.
d. Research Planning.
2. The Exploitation of Superstitions for Purposes of Fti sh
logical Warfare. A study of superstitions and their p>ossi' ie
use in psychological warfare. Published in April, 1950, at
RM-365. RAND Report.
3. The Warning of Target PeTulations in Air War (W RDO`!
study of the feasibility, methods, and effects of warrtir g-
to target populations in advance of air attacks. Comrletr
November 194 9 as R-167. RAND Report.
4. "Ps cholo ical Warfare Uses of Unconventional
Three parts:
Weapant
ARMY, NAVY and USAF review(s)
SECRET Approved For Release 2004/1O/211: CIA-RDF 4fAR003500150016-5
SEP 201950
 Approved or Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R0l 1 R003500;150016-5
S E C R ET
a . A report on a conference which discussed tht3
Daily Report
able in this
S CRE`f
18 -
Approved For Release; 2004/10/21, : CIA-RDP80#Z01731 R003500150016-5
To st a ~- t k
the only source of Soviet Radio propagai a a ti :.:
country .n order to specify its more seriou
 Approvedp Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R01,1 R003500150016-5
S E C R E.T
departures from the original and to state the requirements cf
research in terms of criteria for selection and method? of 2=-
porting the content, slanting End other characteristic: of 1;~o
original broadcasts most helpful in defining targets fcr U.t.
psychological warfare. To have been conducted by Commt_nicat Lon
Committee, University of Chicago, under the direction cf D,~,-
Douglas Maples. Disapproved fcr lack of funds.
D. The Navy reports there is no research now going on or Yr?_
posed with reference to devices or weapons that are primar l%,
considered psychological weapons; i.e., siren bombs, scream ag
shells, etc.
SECRET - 19 -
Approved For Release 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80ROl731 R003500150016-5
 S E C R AE pT roved Fir Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80RO17XR003500150016-5
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE RESEARCH STUDIES
WITHIN THE ARMY
A. RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND REPORTS i3SU
1. Lessons on Morale to Be Drawn from Effects of Str?ato
Bombing on Germany with Special Reference to Psychological.?Iar
This project is under the direction of Kenneth W. Yarnoid,:,RO.
and is designed to evaluate the effect of strategic bombing on
the morale of German civilian population as related to --h of
German civil and industrial war effort. Study completed an.. d:_
tributed 2 October 1949.
2. Psychological Warfare--A Strategic or Tactical We on
project is under the direction of Kenneth W. Yarnold, ORO, nd
attempts to solve the problem whether or not propaganda is eat
suited for use in a "hot" or "cold" war, or in a strategic =r
tactical employment. Completed and distributed in revised "orn
21 March 1950.
3. The Choice of An Op>timun Audience for Propaganda Cam iQr.
_
A project under the direction of Oscar I. Litoff, ORO, desi=ned
to determine the most suitable audience within an army to b, tha
object of a psychological warfare campaign. The study is cin-
cernecl with only the amount of influence the audience will ive
on the army as a whole and assessing the relative values of the
various military ranks in relation to the effect they riight:haY:
SECRET. - 2G -
Approved For Release 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80ROl731 R003500150016-5
 Approved FQ Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R017+JR003500150016-5
1, 74W ,
S E C R E T
under the influence of. psychological warfare, on'the effec ive
ness of the'army. study completed and distributed 5 Itpril 19E.'
4. Psychological Warfare Reguirements of a Combat 3)ivis on.
A report based on available records on the ideal organizet on
tactical psychological warfare in a field army, particular y c'
combat division. It will be enlarged and enriched by a at,dy:T
going on partly under contract with International Public 0?"n_
Research, Inc. Distribution made September 1950.
with stationary equipment. It shows areas which can be rech(by broadcasting systems mounted in conventional bomber
5. Aircasting. This project deals with airborne bcoacc-st
systems for reaching further into enemy territory than is )os-
This study has been completed and is now being edited pric t=
publication and distribution.
6. Abstract of "Questionnaire for Research into the Hi s;or,r
the War Dealing with the Mutual Relationship between 0pea.- sic -
and Psychological warfare" by General of Infantry Gunthez? Bl
trritt. The purpose of this study is to examine Blumcntriltfs
periences and conclusions regarding psychological warfare
U
the direction of Genevieve C. Collins. Completed anC di g F ib..
1 December 19-9.
Approved Fqr R
2004/10/21: CIA-RDP8ORO 17 11003500150016-5
 ` Approved F o r 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R011 R003500150016-5
S E C R E T
7. Frontiers in PN yc olo - ical Warfare. This stud;>y is lur
of the possible uses and applications of propaganda. The Tote,-
tial uses of psychological warfare methods are explored. Indet
the direction of Paul Linebarg;er. Study completed anti dis` rib4
1 February 1950.
S. The Military Value of Propaganda Shell. A statLstic l
vestigation of combat psychological warfare compared with th(,,
weapon systems, and comparison of effectiveness of differeLt
techniques. Project contains three parts:
a. "Propaganda Shell N. W. Europe;" study comp)leted
b.
C.
"Theaters Other Than. N. W. Europe;" project not .vdr:
"Loudspeakers;" study completed.
9 . Military Value of_Pro E anda Disse hin ted bar L t d S cad{
Missions. This study shows that under favorable condditio_s,
which remain to be analyzed, loud speaker propaganda In front
lines is capable of saving around one hundred casualties .more:,
. U,S. troops, per mission. It points out the fact that- ,pro -)agt,is far more important in reducing costs of operation ?3 in errs -
U.S. battle casualties than it is in causing eneTiy pri-,,on'=.
to come over to our lines. This study forms part oil
series dealing with the value of the various media of con gat
psychological warfare. The study is completed and in tht pr
of editing for pu' lication ant? distribution.
SECRET
Approved For Re,Iease 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80R01731 R003500150016-5'
 Approved For Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80RO 1 R003500150016-5
S E C R E T
10. The Value of Pro-,aganda Leaflets Disseminated b-,1 Aircr i t
This study has been completed and distribution is scheduled or
September 1950.
11. German Psychological Warfare Against Russia. A I;' je t
study the records and similar data on the German psychological
warfare against the Russians in World War II. Editorial po ces
has been completed and distribution is planned for an uada Rece tivit . A study on the susc pt1
bility of different audiences within the Red Army to psychoL
warfare. Preliminary draft is completed.
2. Basic Study on Reliability of Intelligence Inferences on
Germany 1937 7 and Reasons Therefor. A project designed t) df
velop sounder methods of obtaining and assessing psycholo?i`.al
warfare intelligence. Conducted by the University of Chi:::po,
Committee on Communications. In process of being edited.
.3. Objective Study of Success of Themes ARainst Germ In
World War II. Project is under direction of Yarnold and D;ly
ORO but is held up at present by non-availability of 1rk--c0r,
Completion date indefinite. Staff memorandum now availabi .
4. Systematization of Themes. A Project that has just ot,
under way in ORO by Mr.. Kahn.
SECRET 23
Approved For Release!2004/10/21: CIA-RDP8OR01731R00350015'0016-5
 Approved For Release 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80R01 1 R003500150016-5
S E C R E T
5. Profile of Rus;,ian and Satellite Soldiers. A stud-T I
Russian audience appeals. Project is presently in progres,e:
continuing study. Reports due in three months.
6. Study of Use of Prisoners of War in Psychology 1 War "ar
A study conducted by Dr. Barti.mo, ORO, designed to determie
audience appeals in selected groups. Study is now in proga~ss.
Due in approximately two months.
7. The Russian Psychological Warfare Organization. A ;;udv
proposed to examine the organizational set-up of the Hussi rl
propaganda agency similar to study that has been prepared .-I'
the Nazi propaganda agency during World War II. In proces of
collecting data.
C. RESEARCH STUDIES THAT HAVE BEEN PROPOSED:
1. Use of Scientific Publications as Audience-Scru ciniz-n-
Device. A study designed to inquire in the question:
Russian psychiatric or psychological materials 'tip us off' tc
significant but otherwise unrevealed features of Russian p,r-
sonality?" It is planned to make a study of Russian psychi.aty
reports on Russian people.
2. Training Guide for Psychological Warfare. A study t:) P.
vide a training doctrine for psychological warfare ier::or a1.
is proposed to have the first draft available around July L951
project is started soon.
SECRET 24 -
Approved For Release 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80ROl731 R003500150016-5
 1 Approved For Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R01.Z 1 R003500150016-5
SECRET *?P
ARMY RESEARCH IN DEVICES OR MATERIEL
PRIMARILY DESIGNED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE PURPC3E_S
l.. Complete Mobile Radio Broadcasting Unit. Some though' he;
been given to the development of a complete mobile radio broad-
casting station composed of standard Signal Corps items, any'
with a power of at least 5 kilowatts. Signal Corps has not re-
ceived authorization for such a project. Situation at pres nt
is virtually same as at the conclusion of World War II.
2. Monitorinz Equipment. There is need for a project to de-
velop equipment primarily designed to monitor enemy radio b -oat.
casts . Considerable work has been done on equipment d s g i ~d '`
monitoring organic signal communications. Such equipment i.rx(;
completely satisfactory for monitoring of radio broadcasts.
3. Public Address Sets. A project designed to develop a liJ
weight, powerful loudspeaker, utilizing the modulated air fL_ow
principle of projecting sound, is nearing completion. Develop
ment of the same kind of loudspeaker for mounting within a `;an.
turret was, until recently, in a suspended category. Actio:i h;i_
now been taken to give this project a higher priority.
k. Airborne Loudspeakers. A need exists for a satisfactory
airborne loudspeaker but at present no (evelopment is under wa:
to provide such equipment.
SECRET 25 -
Approved For Release 2004/10/21 : CIA-RDP80R01731 R003500150016-5
 Approved for Release 2004/10/21: CIA-RDP80R0; 1 R003500150016-5
S E C R E T
5. Sound Trucks. A sound truck to be used in addressing
large crowds, in recording interviews for later play back, fad
as a means of originating radio broadcasts, is presently cantor--
going tests at the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratory,
6. Still and Motign Picture Equipment. Mobile still and mo-
bile motion picture processing and printing laboratories arc in
an advanced stage of development.
7. Leaflet Bombs and Shells. The Ordnance Department is _n
the process of developing leaflet shells for mortars and artlly
pieces. However, no leaflet bombs for tactical A/C and no l~af-
lot rolling or loading devices are under development. 4o cue :el(:.
ment is under way on a leaflet guided missile or a leaflet r-=ekt
8. Printing Equipment. Emphasis in development in azknti .g
equipment is being placed on small size, adaptability, 1 ghtes
in weight, and operational sturdiness. The photo-offset ,net od
of printing seems to be the accepted method for operations i_-.
psychological warfare.
9. Terror Devices. No projects are under way to develop ,err,
devices primarily for ps;yC holog.cal warfare uses.
1.0. Target Aircraft Used for Loudspeaker Carriers. It has beer
proposed that a study be made of the use of the Q 19 AA targ= t a-
craft as a carrier for loudspeaker equipment for use in tact--cal
situations. This aircraft is remote controlled and could be use:
in front line positions.
:CIA-RDP80RO1731R003500150016-5
SECRET Approved For Release 200400t2