BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL EXCAVATION OF SOILS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A007300450002-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 9, 2009
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: September 1, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
I
KOCTbiO C roplO4riM. OIipeJ e.1An rlpn noMOUW cel(yu omepa CKOpOCTb
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>KilUbi C l136bITOtIHbIN1 aaBJleHHeM (0.25-0,50 aTu).
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Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
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ra3oc6opuliKe C03AaeTCA aaBJimie HarHeTali151, TO OTAeJiHBWaACSI
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OT HaJIH'IHbiX MOLUHOCTeH ra30aYBKH H KOMnpeccopoB, a TaK}Ke BKJIIO-
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Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 i
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
4HTeJibHO yJjOpO)KaloutHx CTOHMOCTb TepMH4ecKoro yKpenJlenu i rpyli-
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Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 i
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246A007300450002-0
1 We HOCTpOeHIIbIX 3AaHHN, 6ypeHHe Tpe6yeTCSi npOH3BOAHTb B CTec-
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rlOpTaTHBHbie MexaHH3HpOBaHHble yCTaHOBKH 06JIergeHHoro THna, pac-
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I7pucnoco6AenuR dJIR eblcaep.4ueanuR o6pa31.yoe (pHc. 17). B CBS1-
311 C TeM, 4TO' JIeCCOBHAHble rpyHTbI, nOABeprHyTble TepMH4eCKOFI o6-
pa60TKe, HMeIOT nOBbIWeHHyto npO4HOCTb (AO 15 KeICM2 H 6o.nee),
npOH3BOAHTb BbIpe3bIBaHHe o6pa3uoB 113 HHX 06b14HbIMH CIfocO6aMH,
1ipHMeHHeMbIMH B JIa6opaTOpHOFf npaKTHKe AJIH CBA3HbIX rpyHTOB,
He npeACTaBJI51eTCA B03MO)KHbIM. F103TOMY OT6op o6pa3uoB TepMH4e-
CKH yKpenJfeHHbIX rpyHTOB H noArOTOBKy HX AJIS1 HCCJieAOBaHHf Ha
Approved For Release
npocaJj09HOCTb H CABHr CJIenye-r OCYIueCTBJIflTb McXaHH3HpOBaHH1IM
Cnoco6oM BPH HOMOH 3JIeKTpoapeJIH, K KOTOpofi npHCTpaHBaeTC:f
~pe3a 1lHAHHApH4eCKOWFi (iOpMbI AJISI BEJCBepJIHBaHHB o6pa311oB (Kep-
HOB) 3aAaHHb!X pa3MepOB H -CTporo I(HJIHIi)IpH4eCKOIi (POpMb1. Topuw
HoJIy4eHHbIX KepHOB o6pe3aIOT TOri )Ke 3JIeKTpoapeJIbiO, AJis 4ero uH-
JIHHApH4eCKaSf fppe3a 3aMeHS1eTCA r.naAKFIM McTaJIJIH4eCKHM JIHCKOM.
APOEI(THPOBAHHE
TepMH4eCKoe yKpenjieHlle rpyHTOB 10J1)KHO ocyIueCTBJISITbcSI no 3a-
paiiee pa3pa6OTaHHbIM npoeKTaM ynpo4HeHH51 OCHOBaHHSI H opraHH-
3aH,NH pa6oT, coAepN(ajj HX AaHHble, KOTOpb!e onpeae.laloT pa3Mei-ueiiHe
H AHaMeTpbl CKBa)KHH, rJIy6HHy TepMoo6pa60TKH, AHaMeTpbl 30H o'S-
N{Hra, pacnoJION(eHHe nOTpe6Horo 06opyAOBaHHH, nOPAAOK npOH3BOA-
CTBa pa6oT H McTOAbI KOHTpOJISI HX BbIIlOJIHeHHSI.
npH npHMeHeHHH TepMH4eCKoro yKpenJIeHHSI rpyHTOB Wyp(pbi,
IHTOJIbHIf H ApyrHe Bblpa6oTKH, B KOTOpbIX npOH3BOAHTC51 C)KHraHNe
TOnJIHBa noA J(aBJIeHHeM, MO)KHO pa3MeHlaTb BepTHKaJIbHO, rOPH30H-
TaJibHO, nOA pa3HbIMH yrJIaMH HaKJIOHa H B pa3JIHtlHbIX KOM6FIHaUHAX
yKa3aHHb1X nonoweHlflf.
Pa3Meluellne CKBa)KHH AHaMeTpoM 0,15-0,2 Al HJIH ApyrHx Bblpa-
6OTOK (TpaHWeN, WTOJIeH H T. n.) B n.laHe H paCCTOAHHe Me)KAy HX
OCSIMH npHHHMaeTCH B 3aBHCHfIOCTH OT KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX OCO6eHHOCTeA,
B03BOAHMb1X HJIH yKpenJlHeMblx COopyM{eHHt, KOH(pHrypauHH H pa3Me-
POB HX (byHAaMeHTOB H xapaKTepa pacnpeAeJIeHHSF Harpy30K.
npH paBHOMepHOM paenpenejleHHH Harpy3OK Ha (flyHAaMeHTbI pa3-
Meu. eHHe CKBa)KHH B nJlaHe MO)KHO npOH3BOAHTb no npAMOyroJIbHON
Cei,Ke HJJH B WaXMaTHOM nOpaAKe.
YIIHTbIBaSI, 4TO cpeAHHf AHaMeTp TepMHLCCKH ynpo4HeHHoro Mac-
CHBa rpyHTa BOKpyr OAHOFI CKBa}K'HHbi npH npaBH.nbHOM npo113BOACTe
pa6oT o6b14Ho COCTaBJISieT 2,0-2,5 M, HaHMe.HhiHee paccTOSIHHe Me]KAy
OCSIMH CKBaN{HH MON{HO npHHHMaTb paBHbIM 2,0 At.
HaH60JIbuee paCCTOSiHHe McWAy OCSIMH CKBaM(HH 3aBHCHT OT KOIi-
CTPYKTHBHbIX OCO6eHHOCTeN 3naHHN H HX (lyHAaMeHTOB, cnoco6Fiblx
HaAe)KHO pa6oTaTb Ha H3rH6 MewAy yKpenJleHHbIMH CToJ164aTIAMH
onopaMH. B 4aCTHOCTII, AJISI )KHJIbIX aOMOB H npOMb!WJIeHHb x coupy-
)KeHHN pacnojlo)KeHHe yKpenjllleMbIX 30H )Ke.taTeJIbHO COBMeIuaTb C
HaJIHgHeM McM{Aynpoem HbHX npOCTeHKOB (pHC. 18):
npoeKTHan r.ny6HHa CKBaN{HH npHHIIMaeTCn B 3aBHCHMOCTII OT
MOIuHOCTII CJIOH, noJieM(aluerO yKpen.leHHfo rpyllTa H o6b14Ho Ko.ale6-
JleTCx B npeAeJlax 6-15 Al.
fIpH paC4eTaX npeAnocb!JIKIf AJIS1 TepMH4ecKH yKpenJleHHbIX O01I?-)-
BaHHi3 MON{HO CTPOHTb HCXOAH H3 c.leayioiuHX cOo6pa)KcHHfr. CBOiiCTBa
OCFiOBHOro MaCCHBa 06oM{N{etloli 3OHbl rpyllTa B npeAeJiax Ae11CTHHe
TeMnepaTyp 800-300? npaKTH4eCKlt n04T11 OAHOpOAHbI. B 30He )i(e
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
geriCTBHA ?'6oJlee BbICOKHX? TeMnepaTyp (800-1000? H 6oJlee), Bb13b1-
BaIOiuHX? CneKaHHe 4aCTHu rpyHTa, npo4HOCTHble CBOr1CTBa TepMH4eCKH
yKpenneHHoro rpyHTa 3Ha4HTenbHO noBblwalOTCII H MOryT AOCTHraTb
eeCbMa BbICOKHX.3HageHHIi, Ha TO ppHCHTHp0BaTbCA, He CneAyeT,? TaK
KaK OCHOBHOfi uenblO TepMH4eCKoro yKpenneHHA ABnsleTCA? J1HKBHAauHA,
npoca,04HOCTH rpyHTa.
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rpyHTa B OCHOBaHHH 5-3Ta KJIOro }KHAoro AOMa:'
a-AnR ilpOH3BOACTBa pa6oT B 4eTbipe tlHKna (1 UHKn-CKBa)KIIHII Ne 1-17,
11 UHKn-CKBa)K11HN Na 18-34, 111 UHKn-CKBaN:HHh1 Ne IV UHK.rl
ek?a kick i Me 52-68) ; 6-npH npoH3B0ACTBe pa60T B ABa unk.aa (I UHKn=
?? I CKBa3KHHb, N21-34,-!I UHKn-CKBaWCHHb1 Ne35-68).
. ? . npH? paC4eTe Hecyuie,i CH0006HOCTH TepMH4eCK1i' yKpenJIeHHoro
rpyHTa Cne,yeT rlpHHHMaTb cpeAHee pac4eTHoe (AOnyCKaeMoe) conpo-
THBJIeHHe B'OnOpHON nOBepXHOCTH Bcero o6o)x>KeliHoro MaCCHBa B npe-
Aenax'4-6 Ke/CM2 C MoAyneM Aec)opMauHH 200-300 K2/CM2.
B cJiy4ae HCO6XOANMOCTH ()aKTH4ecKy1o Hecyiuylo CHOCO6HOCTb
o603K)KeHHON CTon6gaT011 OnOpbl MO)KHO YTOtHHTb c nOMOILIb1O HCnbl-
TaiiHIl LTaMnOM 06o)KiKeHHbIX OnbITHbIX cBar1.
PaCC4HTbIBaTb Hecyiuylo CHOCO6HOCTb yxpenJieHForo CTOn64aTOro
MaCCHBa Ha BCIO rJIy6HHy npocaA04HO(t TOnuLH MO}KHO allaJiorHgHO
3arny6JIeHHOMy CTOn64aTOMy (pyHAaMCIITy C nepeAa4erl BCero AaB-
neHHA OT coopy}KeHHH Ha nOBepXHOCTb O60]K}KeHHOr1 30Hb1 6e3 yieTa
nepeaa4H AaBneHHn Ha nPOMe3KyTKH MewAy 060iK}KCHHbWMH CTOn6aMH.
.B cllyuae, ecnH C'rOn64aTble o6oxc}KeHHbie OnOpbl He AOXOASIT AO
caos HenpocaRogHor0 rpyHTa, OHH pa6oTaloT KaK BHCH4He CBaH B yC-
-7OBHHX B03MOWHOrO yBna KHeHHn H OCaAKH Heynpo4neHnoro rpyHTa-
B CB$13H C TeM, 4TO TepMH4eCKH yKpenneHHble rpyHTb1 He TOJIbKO
nOJIHOCTb1O JIHKBNAHpyIOT CBOH np0CaAOgHble CBOrrCTBa (4TO ABJI leTCA
rnaBHOrr IjeabIo HX yKpenneHHII), HO H OAHOBpeMeHHO C 3THM nOBbiwa-
K)T H'ecyujylo cnoco6HOCTb He McHee 4eM B 2-3 pa3a, pa3MeujeHHe
TepMH4eCKH yKpenneHHbIX MaCCHBOB MO)KHO nPOH3BOAHTb C y4eTOM
COOTBeTCTByioLuerO nOBblw.eHH51 AOnyCKaeMbix AaBneHHri Ha ynpO4Heii-
11bie 30Hbi rpyHTa (KaK Ha' KyCTOBble CBan), 4To n03BOJMeT OCTaBJI Tb
npoMe)KyTKH HeyxpenneHHoro rpyHTa B npeuenax Ao 66% OT o6ujeri
njloLuaAH OCHOBaHH5l.
npH onpeaeneHHH paCCTOSIHHS! Me3KAy CKBa}KHHaMH CTOn6bI o6o)K-
3KeHHOrO rpyHTa cneAye'r paccMaTplBaTb KaK CBaH c npeaenbnoli Ha-
rpy3KOrr Nn (KZ), BbJ1HCnsleMOri no (popMyne
N,,,--- RyFcp-mRFCP,
rAe Ry,-cpeRHee pac4eTHoe conpOTnBnexne CTOn6a o6oMc KeHHoro
rpyHTa, onpeaensleMoe Ha OCHOBaHH)S 06x(Hra OnbITHb1X
CKBa>KHH, 1C2/CM2;
Fcp -nnoLuaAb ycpeAHeHHoro nonepe4Horo ce4eHH59 cTon6a
o6o]K lcennoro rpyHTa, onpeAen}ieMaH no. 3aMepy onblTHblx
CKBa}KHH, CM2;
M -K0344HuneHT nOBbIweHHH HopMaTHBHoro COnpOTHBneHHA
Heo6pa6OTaHH000 rpyHTa, BbI4HCJI5ieMblrl B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT rny6HHbI TepMoo6pa60TKH no (cOPMyJIaM H Ta6JIHuaM,
npHBCAeHHwIM B n? 13 rnaBbl 11-5 6 CHHn;
R-pac4eTHoe COnpOTHBneHHe rpyHTa AO TepMoo6pa6oTKH,
K2/cM2.
I\poMe nepe4HCneHHbIX Tpe6oBaHHli, npoeKTOM lfeo6XOAHMo npe-
AyCMOTpeTb MeponpHSITHII, o6ecne4HBaloujne 3aIlLHTy KOTJIOBaHOB H
CKBa)KHH OT BJIH5lHH i aTMoc(PepHbIX oCaAKOB H ApyrHx BOA B npouec-
ce npOH3BOACTBa pa6oT no TepMH4eCKOMy yKpenneHH1O (o6sanoaa-
liNe H YCTPOfCTBO BOAOOTBOAHbIX KaHaB BOKpyr KOTJIOBaHa 'H CKBa-
:KHH H AP.). KpoMe Toro, B rpyHTax, HMeIOnjHX H0BbIweHHyIO ra3O-
iIpOHHuaeMOCTb, Hapsu y c repMeTH3aunei CKBa}KHH cneAyeT npeay-
CMaTPHBaTb MeponpHsITHsl no CHH)KeHHIO ra30nPOHHuaeN1OCTH BepXHeli
30Hbi rpyHTa Ha TOnII[HHy 0,5-0,8 M HyTeM nOBePXHOCTHOCO ynnOT-
HeHH 1, pa3BHTH5i KPbJIIJKH 3a'rBOpa, rJIHHH3auHH, 6eTOHH3auHH It T. n.
TeMnepaTypa ra3oo6pa3Hblx npOAyKTOB ropeHHSI B CKBa}KHHe npH
nOJIHOM cropaHHH Mo KeT npeBblwaTb 2000?. Fa3bl, iMelolme TaKylo
TeMnepaTypy, COnpHKacaACb c rpyHTOM, BbI3bIBaIOT ero onnaBneHHe,
4TO yxyAwaeT YCJIOBHA nPOHHKHOBeHHSI ra30B H 3aMeAnHeT CKOpOCTb
HX ABH)KeHHSI. Bo 1136ewa'HHe 3TOrO MaKCHMaJlbHasl TeMnepa-
Typa ra30B B CKBa)KHHe AOn1KHa 6bITb HH}Ke TeMllepaTypbl nJlaBneHHt1
OKpyx(aIOLuero ce rp, 'HTa.
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
TeMnepaTypa n:r,:BJieHHA JleccoBhlx rpyHTOB Kone6neTCA B npeRe-
nax 1200-1400?, HOBTOpHOe HarpesaHHe rpyH'ra B cKBaKHHe nOBbl-
WaeT TeMnepaTypy Ha 70-100?.
HaH6onbwan TeMnepaTypa ra3oo6pa3Hblx npOAyKTOB cropaHHA Ao-
CTHraeTCA npH MHHHManbHO B03MO)KHOM KOJJH4eCTBe Bo3Ayxa, Heo6-
XOAHMOM AJIA XHMH4eCKOro npOUecca CrOpaHHSi ropiogero.
MHHHManbHO Heo6xoj n ioe KoJ1H 'eCTBO B03Ayxa V0 AJIA cKHra-
HH51 I Ka roplogero MOKeT np}IIHMaTbCSI B cneuyloluHx pa3Mepax:
AJ1S1 COJIApOBOrO MacJla (AH3eJIbHOrO TonJHHBa), HMe}onlerO TenJio-
TBOpHyIO CHO006HOCTb Qr , paBHoM 1O OOOKKa.,1/K2, V0=1 1,2 M3/Ka;
AnS1 He(ITH npH Qr , paBHoM 10 300 10 900 KKaJ1/Ka,
V0=11,5 12,2 M3/Ka;
Ansi Ma3yTa npH Qr , paBHOA1 9 740 KKai1/Ka, VO=10,9 M3/Ka;
:1.Ts1 KOKCOBoro ra3a npH Q. , paBHoM 4300 = 4820 KKaAlrgS,
Vo =4,8 =- 5,4 M3/,t13;
AJIA reHepaTOpHoro ra3a npH Qr , paBHoM 1350 1440 KKaA/M;
Vo =1,5 T 1,6 113/M3.
TeMnepaTypy ra30B, o6pa3yIoll(IXCA B pe3ynbTaTe CropaHHSl TO-
nJTHBa, MOKHO peryJlHponaTb ny'reM 113MeHeHHA KOJIH4eCTBa B03AyXa,
IOCTynaiourerO B CKBa)KHHy. fpH 3TOM H3661TOgHbJN B03AyX, BBOJjH-
MbIH B CKBaKHIIy, He yliaCTByeT B XHMHLCCKOI1 peaKiHII ropeHH3i if
CnyKHT JRJIS1 CMeWHBaHIIH C nl)OAyKTaMH ropelnsi it CHHKeHHA TeMne-
paTypbr cMecH. KpoMe Toro, OH BbinonlisleT (pyHKIjn10 aOnO.nHHTenb-
HOTO TennOHOCHTeJIA, nepeJaloHjero TenJ!o vepe3 nopbl rpyHTa.
TeopeTH4eCKH BO3MO>KIian TeMnen3'rypa t, ra30B B CKBaKHHe
(6e3 ygeTa nOTepb) MoKeT 6bITb OnpeAejleHa no (lJopMyJle:
Qr
tr (1,293V8
rAe Q,. -TennoTBOpHan CI10006HOCTb TOnnHBa?, KKaA/K,' HJIUI
KKa/1/
S13
,
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11n -KOnHgIeCTBO noJ[aBaeAloro B CKBaKHHy
ropIO4ero M3?
CP -CpeAHAA BecoBaS! TenJTOeMKOCTb IIPOAYKTOB cropaHHA npii
11OCTOSIHHOM JjaBJieFIHH P, npilnlfMaeMaIi paBHOfi 0,235-;-
+0,000019 t,. , KKa., /Ke - apaa.
IZpHMepHas TeOpeTngeCKaf 3aBHCHM0CTb McKay KOJIH4eCTBOM n0-
AaBaeMOro B03AyXa Ha I Ke ropi04er0 H TeMnepaType i ra30B B CKBaKH-
He npH npHMeHellilH )KH)IKOro roplogero (coJlnpoBoe MaCJ1o H.nH AH3eJlb-
Hoe TOH.'IHBO) np11Beaena B Ta6JI. 2.
Vn , M3/K2
VO M3/K2
Vn . Mellit
Ir pau
1 I 1,5 j 2 2,5 3
1 _ 3,5
11,2 16,8 j 22,4 28 33,6 39,2
2 300 1 670 1 300 1 1 050 96 78J
KOJIH4ec-rBo nOJaBaeMorO B CKBaKHHy B03Ayxa Vn i o.n no 6bITb B
2,5-3 pa3a 6o.n nie B03Ayxa VOiMHHHManbHo HeoftoAnroro AJIA noJl-
Ho1'O cropalnHSl TOnJIHBa.
Bo H36eKaHHe onnaBneHHH rpyHTa B CKBa KHHe if ami o6ecneve?.
HHSI Haii6o iee onTHMaJIbHOro peKHMa ero TepMH4ecKoi o6pa6oTKlI
KOJIH4eCTBO HarHeTaeMoro B CKBaKHHy B03AyXa AOA)KHo npHHHMaTb-
CSI B npeaeJiax 25-35 .l3 Ha I Ka )KHAKOr0 ropioqero c ycnOBHON Te-
nnOTBOpHON CHO006HOCTbIO OKOJIO 10000 KKail/K2. COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3T0-
My Ha 1 M3 KOKCOBOro ra3a C TenJIOTBOpHOh dnoco6HOCTblo 4300-
4820 KKQR/M3 KOJIH4eCTBO B03Ayxa AOJ13KHo npHHHMaTbCH B npeaenax
10-15 M3. YKa3aHHbie 06beMbi B03Ayxa npHBeAeHbI K YCJIOBHHM TeM-
nepaTypw Hapy)Knoro BO3Ayxa, paBHOI?i 0?, H aTMOC())eplroMy AaBneHMIO
760 MM pT. CT., npHMeHHTenbHO K (pOpMynaM H Ta6nHuaM aim nolj-
c4eTOB o6bCMOB B03Ayxa, onpeJeJlseMbIx no AHq)ManoMeTpy.
KOJIHIIeCTBO B03Ayxa, (pUJlbTpyeMoro iepe3 CTeHKII CKBa]KHHu B
OKpy)KaioujHli ee npocaJOgHbIn rpyHT, 3aBHCHT OT ra3onpOHHIaaeMo-
CTH nOCJle)IHHx H AaBJIeHHA B CKBa>KHHe H QOA)KHO yCTaHaBJIHBaTbCA
OnhITHbIM nyTeM-npo6HON npOAyBK01i. aJISI necCOBblx rpyHTOB, HMelO-
IIjHX Bna+KHOCTb 8-20%, KOJIH4eCTB0 B03Ayxa, (JHJibTpyeMoro B TOJI-
Hly rpyHTa, o6bIgHO COCTaBJISIeT 10-40 M3/({ac Ha I M rJIy6HHbI CKBa-
KHHbl.
B nepBOM I1pH6JIH}KeHHH MO)KHO npHHHMaTb ,iHlieI Hyio 3aBHCH-
MOCTb pacxo.ia B03AyXa OT AJIHHbI CKBaKHHbI.
11pH CocTaBJ:eHHH ripoel(Ta TepMH4eCKoro yKperlJleHHA rpyHTa pa-
cgeTHoe KOJJHgeCTBO nOTpe6HOTO B03AyXa V. , HeOOxOAHMoro AJis o6e-
Cne4eHHA Hali60jlee OHTHManbnoro pe)KHMa TepMH4eCKON o6pa6oTKH B
YCJIOBHAX no.'iHoro cropaHHA TOnJIHBa H cooTBeTCTBy1ou ero oXJIaKAe-
HIIA npOAyKTOB 1'OpeHHA, KOTopoe 'HCL1HCJIAeTCA B Ky6ngeCKHX McTpa`:
Ira I Kr cxfHrae;,loro KHAKOI'O HJIH Ira I Air ra3oo6pa3Horo TOnJIHBa,
yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCA B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3aJaHH01i TeMnepaTypbl rOpMI9Hx
ra30B H CKBaKHHe no AaHHbIM ()OpMyJIbi HJIH Ta6Jr. 2, npnseaellHblX
Bhile. HanpHMep, HpH paC4eTHOfI TeMnepaType ropsi nx ra30B B CKBa-
KHHe 1000? ICOJIH4eCTBO rioaaBaeMoro B cgBaKHHy B03AyXa AOJIKHO
COCTaBHTb: npH npHMleliellnh COJIApOBOrCI Maciia (AH3eJIbiIoro TOnnnBa)
V8 =29 M3 H KOKCOBOCO ra3a V?=9 .40 11 T.
PaC4eTHoe KOJ!H4eCTBO ropiogero, C)KHraeMOro B TeLefHe oAHOI'O
4aca Ha I nor'. M CKBaKHHbI no ee rJiy6HHe, YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCA B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT ero KanopHHHOCTH, ra30npOHHuaeNIOCTH yKpenJrneMoro
rpyHTa, TebinepaTypbl ero nJIaBJIeHHA, BJIa)KHOCTH H o6beMHOro Becd
CKeJIeTa? TaK, HanpHMep, npii pac4eTHON TeMnepaType ra30B B CKBa-
HCHHe 1000? H npii ra30nPOHHuaeMOCTH I floe. M CKBaK'HHbi 20 M3llia.
CJIeAyeT CKHraTb 3a 14ac: COJIApoBoro MaCJia He 6o.nee 20:29=0,69 Ka,
T. e. He 6o iee 6,9 Ka/Kac Ha CKBaKHHy rny611HO1i 10 M; KOKCOBoro ra-
3a He 6onee 20: (9+1)=2 M3 Ha I noo. M rJIy6HHbr CKBaxHHbI T. e.
He 6onee 20 M3/qac KOKCOBOro ra3a Ha TaKyro Ke CKBaKHHy ray6H.-
11011 10 M.
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 i
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
YBe/iHgeHTie- roplogero, C}KliraeMoro B eAHHllluy BpeMeHH, Bb136iBae-r
noBbutieHHe TeMnepaTypHL i'a30B Bbiwe pacgeTiIOfi, B pe3yJibTaTe ge;'o
MO}KeT HMeTb McCTO OnJIaBJielne'CTeHOK CKBa}KHHbl, hero HeJib3R Ao-
llyCKaTb, TaK KaK onJIaBJieliHasi CKBa}KHHa 6paKyeTCA l1 3aMefiAeTC51
HOBOH, KOTOpa, JLOJI}KHa 6biTb npo6ypexa p51,goM?
F1pnn!BeJLeHHbie PaCgeTlible JLaHHble n03BOJ!HIOT nPJi6JIII3HTenbHO
onpeLle.raTb pacxox ropiogero B CItBa)Kliliax B YCJIOBIiAX repMeTH1I-
f1OCTl1 Hx 3aTBO)OB. 3T11 JLaIIHble YTOqu511oTCH no pe3yJlbTaTaM npo-
}KHraHHN onbITHbIX CKBa}KHH C yCTaHOBJIeHHeM KOJIHgeCTBa B03Ayxa,
(OHJibTpyeMorO qepe3 ee CTeHKH Ha I noc. At rJiy6HI1b1 npN pa3HbIx
AaBJIeHliSTX BHVTpLI, II C YCTaHOBJiettitem OrITHMaJIbifbix pacxo)IoB
nOAaBae1oro B03JLyxa it C}KilraeMoro roploller0 Ha I A100. M CKBa}Kn-
ilbl.
B npHJIO}Keilllrf I npijBeAeH npuMep pacgeTa HeoOwittiMoro KO.IH
`ICCTBa }I(NJLKOro it ra3oo5pa311or0 TOnJiHBa H BpeMeHH, nOTpe6HOro
JIJIN o6xcHra OAHOii CKBa}KriHbI r.ny6HHOH 12 Al npN AHaMeTpe yxpen-
?IfeHIiO{f 3oHbi 2 At H BJia}KFioCTli rpylira 12,5%.
.rUJTH oPHeHTHpoBOgHbrx noACgeTOB pacxOAoB roprogero, B03J1yxa
If BpeMeHH, r10Tpe6HbIX AJIH TePMHgeCKON o6pa6oTKH rpyHTa Ha rJly-.
6HFry 10 At it npH JIHaMeTpe o6oM ei-iHON 3011bl 2 it Mo}KTio rlOJlb30-
13aTbcn c.neayro111HMH npH6,nrf}I(eHFrbiMH ftaliIrblMH.
Pacxo,a )KHAKoro TOnJIHBa B I gac paaeH 0,4-0,5 KO Ha I n0e. ;,t
CKBa}I(HHbi no ee rJIy6HHe H.fH 4-5 . lia BCIO CKBa)KHHV; ra3oo6pa3-
H000 TOnJIHBa - 1,0-1,2 At3 ila I noe. Al CKIBa}KHHbi no cc rJIy6HHe
HnH 10-12 At3 ila BCio CRBa}KHliy
PacxoA Bo34yxa B I gac npH }KHJJKOM TOnJIHBe paaeH 25 ,t3 Ha
I ice c)KHraeMoro TOnJInBa HJiH 100-125 M3 Ila BCIO CKBa}KNHy; npii
ra3006pa3HOM Ton.nHae- 10 At' ua I At3 c}KHraeMoro ra3a Will
100-120 At3 Ha BCIO CKBa}KHliy..
PacxoA BpeMeHH CoCTaBJI5ieT 10 CyTOK HJLII I CYTKIl ila I JIOC. it
cKBa)KHHbI no ee r.Iy6HHe.
nPH nOMOniH OAHON CKBaxKmfc 0.2 -e
0,5 (1TU; 6-npN OTCyTCTBHH 1136biToginoro TaB.+fe-
wI r 6 claKTHt1eCKHX paCXOAOB 'ronJinBa, B03AyXa H Bpe-
McHH A.HA TepMli'IeCKoro yKpenJteultn 1 .4t3 1-pynTa, npriMeliHTeilbnO K
MQCTHb!M YCJIOBHAAI, a TaK)Ke j.lfl npal(TH4ecKOi npOBepKH npoeKTllblX
npeJIHOCbl.~IOK, Heo6XoAHMo npeAycMaTpliBaTb TepMH4eCKoe yKpen.le-
HHe rpyHTa B JgByX KOIiTPO.IbHblX CKBa)KHHaN, pa3Mepbl H reoJ10rH4ec-
KHe YCJIOBH51 3a.IO)KeH1151 KOTOpbIX AOJDKHbI HOJIHOCTbIO 000TBeTCTBO-
RaTb OCIHOBHbIM CKBa)KHHaM yKpen,AAeMoro y4aCTKa.
Pa3MeiljeHHe OnbITHbIX CKBa)KHH AOJIMKHo nO3BOJIRTb nOCJICAylolllee
HX OTKpbITHe, a B CJlygae Heo6XOAI1MMOCTH-H HCnbITaliHe.
I]pH npHMeHeHHH TepMH4eCKoro McToaa yKperijleHHA npoCaao4Hblx
JIeccoBbiX rpyHTOB AOJIMKHa y4HTbIBaTLCfl 3KOHOMH4eCKas HJIH TeXHIi-
4eCKafl ero l(eJiecoo6pa3HOCTb B AaHHbIX KO31KpeTHbIX YCJIOBHflX. 3K0-
IIOMH4eCKH HepaulioliaJIbliO npllMellelllie 3Toro McTOJja AJIA yKpenne-
1,H51 OCHOBaHHH nOJ( (pyHAaMeHTaMH He6odlb[lHx H HeOTBeTCTBeH1lblX
3AaHHri H coopyM(eHHI, a TaKMKe npn He60JIbIHOIi MOIUHOCTH npoca.o'I-
tION TOJILUU (1-3 M).
IIpH COCTaBJIC:HHH I1poeKTa CJieayeT y41IThIBaTb, 4T0 npH TepMli4e-
CKOM yKpenJIeHHH ra3006pa3HbIM TOHJIIIBOMM 3aTpaTbI lra OTAeJIbllble
BHAbI Pa OT B npOueliTIIOM OTHOWCIIrli, 110 aaHHbIM pAJia yKpaHHCKHX
CTpoeK 3a 1956-1957 rr., pacnpeae.IAIOTCA npuMepHo CJIeay!OLUHM
o6pa3oM:
BypcHHe cKBa:KHI1 37.0
TOnJlHBO (KOKCOBu}t I-a3) 2.9
B03AyX (3neKTpI4ecKHe KoMnpeccopbl np0H36oA1iTenbtlo-
CTbIO 6 A13/.{t11H 11JHI 180 .413/1tCiC Ka7Kab1I1) 32,5
Pa6o'a i cn.7a 12,3
MaTepHa.nb1 11 O601)y2OBamie I . 14,5
Ilpo4He pacxoAbl 0,8
KaK BHAHO H3 npnBeaenIfOrf KaJIbKyJI311wnn, CTOHMOCTb roplo4ero
COCTaBJHAeT BCero .I111.1lb 2,9%, B TO BPeM5 KaK CTOHMOCTb 6ypOBb;X
CTOHMOCTb HilBeHTapHoro o6opy'ACBaHIIA B silt AaHHble He BK:IIO4eHa.
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 i
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
pa60T H B034yxa 3aHHMaeT HaH60JibWHFi yae'JIbHbIH BeC (70% OT 06-
lueH CTOHMOCTH TepMH4ecKH yKpennfleMoro rpyHTa), TO ABngeTC51 He-
.'IOnyCTHMbiM. nO3TOMy 'lpli COCTanneHHH npoeKTa Heo6xoJ HMo o6pa-
tILaTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe tia CH'H}KeHHe CTOHMOCTH 6ypeHHB H B03-
_tyXa. TaKoro CHH>ReFIHfl MO}KHO JQOCTtiFHYTb nyTem i )11MeHeHHH nOp-
TaTHBHbiX MexaliH3HpoBaIHbix 6YPOBbIX yCTanOBOK, nPOH3BOJLflutH.X
HPOXOJ1Ky CKBa1KHt1 6e3 BoAbr If yn.'IOTHeHHA CTeHOK CKBa)K'HH; 6oJiee
14eweBbiX HC?TO4HIIKOB c}KaToro Bo3,ayxa He60JibWoro J1aBjieFin i, no
(OnbW0f HPOH3BOJ1HTeJ1bIIOCTIi, B3aMeF1 npHMeHflIOUjnxcn B iiaCTOAlttee
BpeMn AOporlix H Ma,'IonpOH313oJ.11iTe.Tn,HbJX 3JieKTpH4eCKHX KOM-
UpCCCOpOB.
f1POH3BOACTBO PABOT
nepeR Ha4a.'IOM npoH3BOACTna pa6oT no Tep1H4eCK0My yxpendle-
IfH10 rpyHTOB ne06X0AHMO nPosecTir pHJ1 noj ro'roBHTeJIbHbIX H opraHH-
3aILHOIIHbIX Meponl)HBTHN. 1: hnrnn"..
,.,c uPOlI3I3OACTB\' pt16oT II CO
OTBeTCTBYIOUj11B1 Tpe60BaIfIJ5iM
ieXHHKH 6e3onn CHOCTH OIBCTCTBeHHoro p1'KOBOAHTenn CMeHHMx OT-
, I1cnOJiHHTeneri (6pllralwpoB) H pa604HX, KOTOpble 3aTCM
.1OJ1)KHbi 6bITb pacnpene.'IeHbi 110 TpCM c!eiiani;
opraHl13auHfl rlnoLjaA,KHHe ocyiue-
CTBJI5IeTC5] np11 IIOMOLLIH o11TH4ecKOro nnpo teTpa. aJIA 3Toro, He pe-
>Ke 'ten 4epe3 1 4aC, OCTallaBJJIIBaIOT ropeHHe B CKBa>KHHe, ne-
peKpbIBa5 4tJI1 9TOro noaa'y ropio'ero BHagaiie Ha ra3oc6opHIiKe (Hilt
y Hacoca npii pa6oTe Ha >KHAKOM TonJlIIBe), a 3aTeM Ha (IOPCYHKC
nyTeM COOTBeTCTByIOuJJIx nepeKJllogeHH4I BeHTHJIe11, nocjie 'tero BbIHH-
Ma)OT (I)OPCyHKy 113 3aTBopa li npOCMaTPHBa1OT COCTOAHHe CKBa>KHHu1.
3aTeM npH nOMOLUII onTH4eci oro nsponeTpa 3aMep5ieTC31 TeMnepaTypa
CTeHOK CKBa KHHbI.
HopnaJlbHblf o6>Krlr )jo.l>KeH BecTIIcb npH TeMnepaTypax 800--
1000?, H03TOMy B cJly4ae npeBbIWeHH51 TeMnepaTypbl cBbIWe 1000?
CTeHKH CKBa>KIiHbl ox.naMua!OT.
HpH CHCTeMaTH4ecKoM neperpeBe CKBa>KHH, CBHAeTeJlbcTByIO11(eM
O HejOCTaTOLIHO4 MOLUIIOCTI 'HCTO'HHKOB nOAa'tH c>KaTOrO B03Ayxa, ne-
o6xOAHMO OTCoe.n.HHHTb OAHy IiJIH HecKOJIbKO CKBa)KHH C ueJIb1O nepe-
KJ1104eHHA BcerO B03Ayxa Ha OCTaBWHeCA. O6x(Hr OTKJIIO'teHHbIX CKH3-
)KHH MO)KHO npOH3BOJJHTb H nocjie nepepblBa.
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
_ o
Uco6eHHo Ba:Kllo IIOCTOAHtio Flo;l,aep)KHBaTb B CKBa)KHHaX He06x0-
AFIMOe H36bITOVHoe AaBJ1eHHe, KoTOpoe B iiayajie H B npouecce o6x(11-
ra aoji}Kiio 6bITh He McHee 0,3-0,5 aTU. a B KOHue He IIH)Ke 0,2- -
0,25 aru.
,UaBJIeHHe ropRiHX ra30B B CKBa KHHe KOHTpOJIHpyIOT vepe3 vac no
fOKa3aTeJiRM pTyTiIOrO HJIH npy)KHHHoro MaHOMeTpa, yCTaHOBJIeHHOrO)
Ha BepXHeN 4aCTII 3aTBOpa c ueHON Ae.IeFiHN B MFIJIJIHMeTpax pTyTFlo-
rO CTOJI6a Ii.liH B 0,02 aTU.
npH naieHHH AaBJ1eHHR B CKBa)KHHe BCJIe,,CTBHe B03MO)KHOrO OC-
JIa6Jieinn repMeT1{4IIOCTH 3aTBOpa H (tFiJlhTpauHH npOAYKTOB I'OpeHHR
4epe3 o6pa3oBaBIIIHecf TpeLL(HHbI BOKpyr 3aTBOpa HeO6XOJIHMO cpo4-
HO npOH3BeCTH pa60Tb1 no yCHJle1INio repMeTH3auHH. TpeLUHHbi B 6e-
Tone 3a.IHBaIOT iteMeHTHbLM paCTBOpOM, a npH ()HJIbTpaixHH 'lepe3
AHeBHyIO nOBepXHOCTb rpyHTa - IIpHMeHRIOT 4eKaHKy r.IHHON.
DAHOi1 H3 FIpHgntl CIIH)KeHHl AaaneHNn B CKBa)KHHaX SIBJI5IeTC5I He-
npaBHJIbHoe nOAKJ1IogeIIFe fix no ulnKJiaM, KOrjja 06x(HraioT CKBa)KHHL.1
Bce nospaA, a He vepe3 o uiy (B IJ.iaXMaTHOM nOpH)XKe). BO BTOpOM
c.lygae BbIXOA -rop5i4Hx ra30B Flapyx(y 6yueT npOHCXOAHTb paBHoMep-
Ho - 4epe3 TOJIHiy npo KHraeMoro rpyiiTa B npoMex(yTOVHbie cKBa-
)i(HHbi, vero He 6yaeT B nepaoM c.ly'iae.
B03AyXOM, nOAaBaeMblM 4epe3 (()OpCyuKH II 3aTBOpbI, B CKBa)KHHaX
noAAep)KHBaeTCR AaB.neltHe 200-350 Mm pTVTHOrO CTo.n6a HJi(1
0,25-0,50 aru.
(AaKTH4ecKa5i nPOH3BOAHTeJHbIiOCTb KOMnpecCOpOB, 6bIBWHX B Ka-
fHTaJ1bHOM peMOFITe, 4aCTO 3Iia4HTeJIbl1o Iill)Ke naCIIOpTHOH H B PRA-'
CJIygaeB CHH)KaeTCR no 80-60 if Aa)Ke 50% OT naCHOpTHON. nO3TOMy
nepei Hava.noM pa6oT no TepMH4eCKOMy VKpen.lel(Hlo rpYHTOB Heo6xo-
AHMO npOH3BOAHTb npOBepKy (paKTH4eCKON nPOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTH 060-
pyAOBaHH5], npe.!IHa3Ha4cHlioro aim nona4H C)KaTOro 3o3Ayxa, a B
npouecce npoH3BOACTBa pa6o?r - (aKTH4ecKoro nOTpe6JICHH5i B03AyXa
Ka)(AON CKBa3KHIiof.
JJJ151 KOIiTpOJibnbIX 3aMepOB B03AyXa MO)KliO np11MeHHTb HecJlo)KHoe
,ipHcnoco6neniie (cM. pHc. 16).
11pn nOMOnili Alt(~Mai1orie,rpa (U-o6pa3H0H CTeKJIRIH1041 Tpy6KH.
Hano.IHeHHo Ha 40-50% pTYTblO HJIFI BOAON) 3a iepsloT nepenai
AaBJIeHH14 ABYX y4aC'rKOB Tpy6bI (B .fM pT. CT.) H Ha OCHOBaHHH 9TO-
ro onpejeJIR10T q)aKTH4eCKII I paCXOA Bo3Ayxa (pHc. 27, 6).
Tax, HanpHMep, Tpe6yeTCi onpeAeJIHTb cpaKTHVeCKH4i paCXOA 803-
i yxa Q B .4f3 Fla cKBa)KHHy B I 'lac npH 3aMepefnioM nepenane UaBJle-
HHR !f =260 MM H cJleayfoujfix HcxoallbIX naliHbiX:
AHaMeTp Tpy6onpoBOAa D=50 mm;
iraMeTp patio ieii 4aCTH OTBePCTFFR AHa(pparm-bi d =25 .4tM:
TeMnepaTypa Bo3Ayxa t-30?;
6apoMeTpHVecKoe AaBJ1eHHe P6 =745 MM pi,. cT.;
AaBJIeHHe HarireTaeMO-'o BO3Ayxa Pu =760 MM p1'. CT.;
Ko3q)(1)HuHeHT pacxoAa (npH (1ID =0,5) 2=0,632;
O6beMHbIH Bec B03jiyxa npH HopMailbHbIX VCJIOBHHX ?(=1,204 K,l,113;
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
a6COJiI0THoe JjaMrieHHe P==P6 H- P? =745+760=1505 MM PT. CT.;
rrepenaJ( ,gaBJlemisi .(no OTC4eTy? JIH(JManoMeTpa) h==260 MM
a6con10Tilasl TeMnepaTypa T= 273-{-30=303?;
Bec BoAnHblx napoB B 1 ,$0 Bo3Ayxa (npH t=30?) f -0,0351 K2/.10.
Ha OCHOBe 3THX IHCXOJIIIb1X aaHHbIX, no (PopMyne
Q=0,00673? a?d2l/
P
T (T+f)(0,804-}-f)
ollpeAeJiHIOT KonHVec.TBO pacxoAyeMOro B03J13,*xa B 1 vac:
Q = 0,00673.. 0,632 ? 2,52 _1505
X
V-363
-260
(1,24-+6,6-35i) (0,804 (- 0,051 } = 94 ')t3/Rtac.
(J)aKTrIgeciioe KOnH4eCT13o ra30B, paCXOJ(yeMbiX HIM TepMH9eCKO\i
\-KpenneHHII rpyHTa, npOBeprhIOT npH nOMOLLIH Toro iKe npncnoco6ne-
HHR, H3o6paMKerwe I iipIiMepllblii pac,leT KOJlnvecTBa roprovero Aalsr o6Kurra CKBa_
)K illrbl r.7y61s Boil 12 di npB Aiia McTpe yKpellJlel 11Oii 30HbI 2,11 .
? rdl
IIpHJlomeIme Il. 'KypIIaJI TepMH4ecKOil 06pa6oTKH CKBa)KIIII
~2
llpnJlo)Ke111IC M. CBOAnasr Be/IOMOCTb pactoitoB rOplOlero, Bo3Ayxa II
Bpe1eml, 3aTpagrennwx rna TepnrllveCKOc yKpennelnse rpyllTOB
.i3
I'IBaH M"xaij,OBH4 J1NTBHHOB
OCHOBHbIE TPEBOBAHNA K FIPOEKTHPOBAHNVO
H I1POH3BOACTBY PABOT
11O TEPMHgECKOMY YKPEr1J1EHHIO I'PYHTOB
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
 Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0
PellaKTOp 1-I. B. A a H II A K H 11 a
TCXn114ecKHii peljaKTOp 14. E. I'I C M 4 e H K 0
KoppeKTOp B. B. Me H b
BO 06333 CAaHO B Ha6op 7.X11-1958 r. rlonnncaHO B ne4aTb 17.11-1959
ByMara 60X921/16=1,75 6yMa)KHbJx, 3,5 ne4aTIIISIX AHCTOB? 3,38 y4.-H3A. AIICTOB.
THpaw 5000 Uena I py6.
3aK. 674.
TocyAapcTBeHHoe H3AaTCAbCTBO AHTepaTypbl no CTpOHTCAbCTBy H apxinTeKType YCCP
KHeB, BAaAHM1lpcKaH, 24.
THnorpacpin rocCTpoiln3AaTa YCCP, Bb16oprcKaH_ 84.
Approved For Release 2009/07/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO07300450002-0