(SANITIZED) TRENDS AND CHANGES IN POLISH CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY(SANITIZED)

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CIA-RDP80T00246A008000540002-2
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C
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December 22, 2016
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July 23, 2009
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2
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October 23, 1959
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Next 1 Page(s) In Document Denied Iq Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 19 October 1959 Subject: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction and Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2) Current Trends and Changes in Development of Housing Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table I. Housing Construction 1945-1958 . . . . . . . . . . 2 (4 Table II. Rooms in 1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ,4,') Tables III and IV. Investment Outlays for Housing 1956-1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table V. Outlays from the Socialized Economy and from Own Means of Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Table VI. Share of Outlays for Various Types of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ('e'h Table VII. Outlays for Housing Construction in 1958 . . . 7 Table VIII. Rooms Completed and Handed Over for Use t 1950-1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Changes Caused by New Housing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 01 Tables IX and X. Development of Cooperative Construc- tion 1957-1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table XI. 195wellings ? Completed . and Handed Over ? for Use ? 11 Table XII. Housing Construction in Poland in 1958 . . . . . . . 14 Table XIII. Number of Rooms Built by DBOR in 1958 and Share of Housing Construction by Ministries and Establishments 1956-1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 ula,V~ vb.~~.lEul New Trends and changes in housing and rural construction. 25X1 Introduction and remarks The government started from 1956 a new course in housing construction. 25X1 This part will describe the characteristic trends of the new policy in housing construction on the basis of the latest official statistics published by GUS and thorough studies of the Housing Construction Institute in Warsaw. The studies con- cerning housing construction in Poland are lately more thorough and the official statistical data is at present, extensive. However there are still differences;,add inaccuracies in statistics published by the same source i.e. between the Statistical Bulletin and Statistical Year Book of GUS. Nevertheless, housing construction is no doubt one of the best described sectors in the official publications and for this part of the study several new tables and statistical data published in 1959 were used. A detailed description of the sources are given in the text. Current Trends and Changes in Development of housing Construction One of the main changes showing progress and some real improvement in construc- tion is the new housing construction policy. It is a significant cbta.-ta increase in housing construction and there is a change of proportion of state construction to non-state construction The latter, although it is not implemented by the state, is also not entirely private and for this reason is called "Construction from the means of the Population" (Budownictwo ze srodkow ludnosci). This definition was already ex- Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 25X1 about the new policy in housing construction. This part will deal with current trends in the development of the state, cooperative and construction from the means of the population. Tables I and II show that the number of rooms built in Poland increased from 178,800 in 1950 to 368,600 in 1958-Taking the year 1950 as 100, the index for the year 1958 is 206. But the number of rooms built by the state at the same time in- creased only from 119,400 in 1950 to 200,600 in 1958) i.e. the index for the year 195:8? is only 168 but the non-socialized construction in 1950 was 59,400 rooms and in 1958, 168,000 rooms so the index of increase is 280. It should be added here that the non- socialized construction was at its lowest in 1952 when it amounted to only 39,800 rooms. In relation to this lowest level in 1952 the nonsocialized housing construction increased in 1958 more than four times and the index for the year 1958, taking 1952 as 100, amounts to )420. Housing Construction in Poland During the Years 1945-1958 Total Socialized of which Non-socialized Economy Cooperatives economy in thousand rooms) Period 1945-1949 1,590.0 1959 :178.8 119.4 59.4 1951 175.9 130.1 45.8 1952 174.3 134.5 39.8 1953 208.8 160.8 0.4 48.0 1954 209.4 i6o.4 2.0 49.0 1955 252.1 178.9 2.9 73.2 1956 263.5 159.6 3.3 103.9 1957 340.6 207.4 5.5 133.2 1958 368.6 200.6 7.4 168.0 (Source: Fundamenty, 26 July 1959) f*? Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A008000540002-2 Table II Rooms given for use in the National Economy in 1958 according to Statistical Bulletin, No 5, 1959, page 19 Total number of rooms 368,611. of which socialized economy 200,582 of which state economy 188,224 of which construction by peoples' councils 85,552 Rooms regained after capital repairs 14,569 Built by cooperatives 12,358 Of which Association of Housing cooperatives 7,425 of which non-socialized economy 168,029 In 1950 the state built 119,400,room i.e. twice as much as socialized economy which built 59, 400 In 1952 the state built even 134,500" " 3.4 It it if 11-acenm'""rZ-`4 4'%, 800 And in 1958 the state built 200,60Q it 1.2 if " " the non- socialized economy 168,000 This tendency is illustrated in financial outlays for the housing construction during the years1956, 1957 and 1958 given in Tables III, IV, V, VI and VII in state and free market prices as follows: of the total outlays As it is indicated in Table VI for housing construction Outlays from own means of the population amounted in 1958 to 36.4% Outlays by the state 58.6% Outlays by cooperatives 5.0% The same tendency to increase the share of outlays from the me:s, of the population remains in the Five Year Plan 1961-1965- According to Directives for development of the Polish Peoples' Republic 1959-1965 the planned index of increase for investment outlays in socialized economy during the years 1961-1965 in relation to the current five year plan 1956-1960 amounts to 142, however for investments from the means of the population this index is 187. 1,2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A008000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 U",r Table III Estimate of investments for housing construction in 1956 and 1957 According to Tadeusz Zarski, Bulletin of the Housing Construction Institute, attached to Miasto No. 4, May 1959. Outlays according to state price system in million zlotys in 1956 Rooms given for use prices/? ' /ac) in thousands- 1956=100) 1957 1956 1956 1957, Total outlays 9,062 122.8. 263.5 129.3 Outlays in socialized economy 6,498 118.1 159.6 129.8 Outlays in non-socializ- ed economy 2,564 134.6 103.3 128.3 The Share of outlays in socialized and non-socialized economy in relation to the total outlays for housing construction in 1957 in 1957 prices. Outlays for housing corm struction according to state price system Rooms given for use in million zlotys in % in thousands in % Total outlays 13,656 100 340.6 100 Outlays in socialized economy 9,236 67.6 207.3 60.9 Outlays in non-social- ized economy 4,420 32.4 133.3 39.1 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A008000540002-2 i The share of outlays from the socialized economy and from own means of the population in relation to total outlays for housing construction in the years 1956-1957 In 1956 according In 1957 according to current 1956 to current 1957 prices prices In reference to construction from own means of the population, ithe free market price system was applied Total outlays (in million zlotys) 9,728 Outlays from socialized sources 69.3% Of which: allocations for state construction 67.2% 65.4% 61.5 realized credits given by the intermediary of Investment Bank 1.6% 3.2% Outlays from own means of the population 30.7% 32.1% Source: Tadeusz Zarski, Bulletin of the Housing Construction Institute, attached to Miasto No 4, May 1959. 14,574 (In percentage) Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A008000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Table VI The share of outlays for various types of construction in relation to the tota1,.-outlays for housing construction in 1958. r) Outlays for housing The number of construction in rooms given 1958 according to for use in the state price system 1958 in million zlotys in thousand in current prices rooms Total outlays in absolute figures 15,869.8 368.6 in percentage A. Total outlays for construction in socialized economy 63.6 54.4 of which for cooperative housing construction B. Outlays for individual construction from own 5.0 2.0 means of the population 1. of which for construction not connected 36.4 45.6 with agriculture 17.5 15.9 a. with the aid of state credits 13.8 10.5 .3.7 5.4 2. For construction connected with agriculture 18.9 Ad 1. For the agriculture population only 25% were allocated although this population amounts to 47%. The outlays increased by 17%, and the rooms given for use by 8% in relation to 1957. Ad 2. The credits amount to 10% of the outlays, whicl* represents a big Vie'. ~,?~cit-~~ a_ ~. Source: Fundamenty, 16 August 1959 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Outlays for housing construction in l958 in million zlotys in current prices. Estimate according to price system Total Outlays 15,869.8 16,976.9 I. Outlays in the socialized economy total 10,096.8 10,138.9 l.Building and construction by the People's Councils 5,030.8 5,030.8 2. Construction by non-agricultural ministries 3,317.8 3,317.8 3. Construction by cooperative ;Housing societies 801.1 843.2 4. Housing construction carried out by agricultural ministries and agencies 947.1 947.1 II.Outlays in the non-socialized economy total 5,773.0 6,838.0 of which: 1. Housing Construction not connected with agriculture 2,772.0 3,134.0 a. with aid of state credit 2,178.0 2,454.o b. without state credits 594.0 680.0 2. Housing connected with agriculture 3,001.0 3,704.0 Source: Fundamenty 1 Aug. 1959 Budownictwo Mieszkanibwe w 1958" page 3. Research by engineer Dangel of the Housing Construction Institute In order to get the outlays from the means of the population to increase this much, the state is increasing the credits for the population. It is planned that these credits will amount to 38.1 billion zlotys in the period 1961-65 in comparison with 16.6 billion zlotys during 1959-1960. Here the index of increase is 230. The trend of absolute increase of newly built rooms is also maintained. In 1958 a total of 368,000 rooms were built and it is foreseen that in 1965 a total of 465,000 rooms, i.e. 26% more, will be built. It is expected that during the Five Year Plan 1961-1965, a total of 2,000,000 rooms will be built in comparison with 1,200,000 rooms Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 constructed during the present period 1956-1960 i.e. an increase of 68%. Despite this large increase in absolute figures, it is too low in relation to the increase of the population, not mentioning the influx of people into towns in connection with industrialization and the needed improvement of the existing housing As is seen from Table VIII, the number of rooms per 1,000 persons of increase of population is 651 room i.e. one for lfwsw 1.52 persons which is still a very high index of crowding. Table VIII 0 Dwelling Rooms Completed and handed over for use X1950- to 1955 1955 1956 1957 7_ 1958 Total (thousand rooms) Socialized economy of which dwelling cooperative societies 1,199.3 884.1 5.3 252.1 178.9, 2.9 263.5 159.6 3..3 -6 _370 207.4 5.5 0** 200.8 -7?4 Non-socialized economy 315.2 73.2 1.0.3?.9 133.2 139.2 of which with state assistance** 2.5 2.4 10.3 21.5 38.7 Urban areas- 805.0 153.2 153.3 191.1 203.3 Rural Areas 394.3 98.9 110.2. 149..5 136.7 Socialized economy 130.9 40.9 31.4 41.4 31.3 Non-socialized economy 263.4 58.0 78.8 108.1 105.4 Remarks : of which socialized 753.2 138.0 128.E 165.9 169.5 non. socialized 51.8 15.2 25.1 25.2 33.8 Excluding rooms built thanks to credit granted to farmers The Statistical Bulletin, 1959 gives the number of rooms built in 1958 368,600 Source: Concise Statistical Yearbook 1959, p.82. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Changes caused by new housing policy The new housing construction policy caused the following changes in the direction of housing investments during the years 1956-1958,: a. The tempo of development of housing construction from own means of the population exceeds the increase of outlays for other types of housing construction The share of outlays for housing construction in relation to the total investment outlays in the national economy amounted to: 19.1% in 1956 22.7% " 1957 23.8% " 1958 The plan for the year 1959 foresees 70,000 rooms)i.e. 28,000 apartments from own means of the population (of which 30,,000 will be built by cooperatives, 40,000 by individuals, general use and factory housing). The credits allocated for this housing construction from own means of the population amount to 2,300 million zlotys. During the first half year 1959. 1,900 millions were approved and 1,356 millions were already put into effect. b. The total outlays for housing construction grew during the years 1956-1958 by 42%. In 1956 they amounted to 9,062 billion zlotys. Taking 1956 for 100 we obtain in 1957122.8% and in 19.581+2.10%0. c. For various types of ownership of housing this increase is different as The outlays for state housing construction and state type cooperatives in 1956 6,558 billion zlotys are 100.0 1957 117.2 1958 121.2 As is seen, the increase of state housing construction is less than the increase of total housing construction d. Instead cooperative housing construction ,(which during the years 1921-9-1955 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 almost disappeared completely as a result of the state housing policy at that time increased, and amounted: in 1956 to 140 million zlotys or 100%, in 1957 to 160.5 and in 1958 to 446.7%.it should be remembered however, that the starting point in 1956 was very low, therefore this type of construction is not yet large in absolute figures but it is still growing fast. Detailed figures concerning the development of cooperative housing construction are given in Tables IX and X. :ems X. The greatest increase is in construction from own means of non-agricultural popu- lation with the aid of state credits which amounted to: 442 million zlotys i.e. 100% in 1956, 221.7 in 1957, 584.6 in 1958. Development of cooperative construction The number of housing cooperatives according to categories in 1957 and-1958 1957 1958 1 July 1959 Total 492 844 981 a. General tenants cooperatives 92 243 b. Workers - 108 c. Housing-construction 280 347 d. Housing-administration cooperatives 27 24 e. Cooperative associations for the construction of one family individual houses 93 122 Remarks: In 1959 cooperatives exist in 281 towns, but 42% of them are in the voivodship towns where there are difficulties in allocation of building lots. Table X Housing construction realized by cooperatives during the years 1956-1958 1956 1957 1958 1959 Plan Total 3,356 5, 5 7;_366 30,000 Tenants housing cooperatives - 231 2.,214 Housing-construction cooperatives 416 9-57 906 Cooperative associations for one family houses 2,940 4,268 4,246 At the end of 1958, rooms built by the cooperatives amounted to 37,900 in rough stage. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 f. However housing construction from own means of the non-agricultural population J without the aid of state credits has not increased. It amounted to 467 million zlotys or 100/1in 1956, 122.8 in 1957, 99.0 in 1958? g. The outlays for housing construction from own means of the agricultural population show some growth in accordance with the increase of the total outlays for housing construction namely: 1,655 million zlotys or 100.0 in 1956, 114.7 in 1957, 141.7 in 1958. Table XI Dwellings .complete4 and handed over for use in Total 116,753 dwellings Socialized Economy 69,452 Sta t 66 718 it t of which 41,278 s by Building Management of Workers Settlemen Cooperative Economy 2,734 of which 1,372 dwelling cooperative associations Non-socialized economy 47,301 dwelling Urban Areas 62, 361 If Social economy 54:,.686 non-social 7,675 Rural Areas 54,392 Socialized economy14,766 non-socialized economy 39,626 Source: Concise Statistical Yearbook 1959 page 81, Tables 7 and 8 *Dwellings built by ZOR average about 2.5 rooms. Other authorities built dwellings which have a higher aver4number of rooms- approx. 3. 490 01- As is seen from Table XI t'ie following number of dwellings were completed in 1957 and handed over for use: in urban areas 62,361 in rural areas 54,392 The rural areas were still neglected since nearly half of the population in Poland (exactly 47%) is agricultural. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T0{0246AO08000540002-2 The figures published in the English edition of the Statistical Yearbook 1959 called Concise Statistical Yearbook 1959 differ a little from the studies of the Housing Construction Institute which are more precise. The figures from these ftudies in Table XII on page .I . show that in 1958 in urban areas 70,000 apartments i.e. 193,,.-;00 rooms were built in rural areas 58,600 175,500 IT It " Total 128,600 " " 368,600 if From these more accurate figures of the Housing Construction Institute, an increase of the share of construction in rural areas is clear. The following figures are given for comparison of housing built in 1957: in urban areas 68,000 apartment3,i.e. 191,100 rooms rural areas 54,400 Total 122,400 149,500 340,600 The comparis/ n of 1957 with 1958 shows the tendend:y of increasing housing construc- h. The state helps the population in the form of credits for non-agricultural population from the Investment Bank.In the past years this bank gave the following credits: in 1956 154 million zlotys It 1957 473 it t' ? IT 1958 1,290 if and for the agricultural population the Agricultural Bank gave the following credits: in 1956 48 million zlotys 1957 228 1958 467 Altogether these credits amounted: in 1956 - 202 million zlotys 1957 701 it IT 1958 1,757 It Besides that, the population often received financial and other help from the factories through the Factory Fund in the form of loans of pecuniary assistance, but no data is available on this subject. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 if, L. VIII.I. Remark: The above figures are based on the article written by T. Zarski (Housing Construction 1958) in Fundamenty, 23 August 1959, page 11. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Housing Construction in Poland in 1958 according to Bulletin of the Housing Construction Institute, Book 4-M, Warsaw, May 1959, article by J. Dangel. Thousand rooms 1957 1958 Total 340.6* 368.6 A, State construction 201.9** 1'93.2 1. By Peoples Councils including Administration Worker's Settlements Construction (DBOR ) of 119.0 95.8 2:. By Ministries and working establishments for non-agricultural population 106.7 85.5 3. Bit ministries and working establishments for agricultural population 34.2 34,0 4. Gain by capital repairs 14.5 14.6 B. Cooperative construction 5.5 7.4 C. Individual construction 133?2*** 168.0 1. With the aid of state credits 21.5 38.7 - general 16.2 29.9 - workers factory 5.3 8.8 2. Without the aid of state credits 111.7 129.3 - non-agricultural population 22.2 19.9 - agricultural population 89.5 109,4 - of which collective quartering construction in cq.1culated rooms 9.4 5.4 Remarks: In the Small Statistical Yearbool-,l95, In the Small Statistical,earbook 128 In the Small Statistical Yearbook 1958 on page 65 -346.2 rooms H tv it ,,,, if if -142.9 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 i. Further changes take place within the state construction industry itself. While in the past the major part of this construction was completed by the Administration of Workers Settlements (ZOR) and by its subordinate Administrations of Workers Settlements Construction (DBOR), at present there is a trend to reduce this share of DBOR; more is built by the various ministries and by the factories and establishments themselves for their own employees. The Figures in Table XIII below illustrate this trend. The construction by ministries and establishments increased from 12% in 1956 to 28% in 1958 and shows a further tendency to increase. Table XIII Decrease of number of rooms built by Administration of Workers Settlements Construction (DBOR) DBOR built in 1958 total 94,859 rooms of which for Peoples Councils 85,501 it As contractor for m:nistries. 7,901 It if for state enterprises 897 " 11 for cooperatives 560 " The increase of construction by ministries and working establishments for the non- agricultural population in 1958 share in the total amount of public construction: in 1956 18,900 1957 34,200 1958 54,ooo rooms i.e. 12% 17% 11 11 11 28% j. Recently there is a new tendency to obtain new rooms by capital repairs and re- construction of old apartment houses. Table XII shows that the following number of new rooms was obtained by repairs, division of old apartments, by building partition walls) etc: in 1957 1+,500 and in 1958 - 14, 6o0 rooms. Summing up the new trends in housing construction the following tendencies can be underlined: a. The increase of the number of rooms built in absolute figures. b. The increase of the share of housing construction in investments of the national economy. c. The housing construction by the state increases relatively less than the total housing construction. e. A strong increase of construction from own means of the population with the aid of state credits. f. Stabilization and even decreases of housing construction without credits by the non-agricultural population. g. Housing construction by own means of the agricultural population is increasing at the same rate as the total housing construction, i.e. at a medium pace. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2 b9 LFi tf ".~ h. The increase of credits given by the state. i. The increase of housing construction from state allocated funds by the ministries and establishments and factories, at the same time decrease of construction by ZOR. j. A tendency for obtaining new rooms by repairs, reconstructions and adaptation of old apartment houses. The difficulties encountered'by the new housing construction policy and its chances for success are described in detail in No. 6 of this series of reports. Approved For Release 2009/07/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO08000540002-2