(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED SOVIET PAPER ON RESEARCH ON THE INDIAN OCEAN(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A017800350001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 9, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 4, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

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JA TIl0ii "Ooeanoi.O -", Acadfly of Sciences of the 9.6-6.1-P 1961, Ho. 4,
pages from 746 to 753
by P. L. Dasrakov
RESEARCH ON THE IMMIX OCEAN DUR TM 33rd OYA49
OF THE RESEARCH VESSEL "VITYAZ"
The 33rd voyage of the research vessel "VITYAZ" of the Institute of
Oceanology of the U. S.8. R. , like its Slat voyagee, took place in accordance
with the program of international research an the Indian Ocean organised
by the Special Coumittee an Oceanic Research of the International Council
of the Scientific Union. Thirteen countries agreed to participate in
carrying out this prapvn, which was planned to continue for several years
U.S.S.R., Australia, England, India, U.S.A.., France, Japan and several others.
The actual decision to conduct systematic research an the Indian Ocean was
dictated by the exceptionally incomplete knowledge of this ocean.
The Soviet Union initiated this program before most of the other
countries by sending "VITYAZ", an its Slat voyage, into the Indian Ocean
in October, 1959. This first cruise took place mostly in the northern
part of the ocean and was completed in Odessa in April, 19x60 (5). Simulta-
neously, during the winter 1959--1960, the Australian "DIA 1MIXA", Americas
""i -", and heath "LA W=9111 carried out their oceanographic work in the
southern part of the Indian Ocean,
In the beginning of October, 1960 " VITYAZ", on its 33rd voyage, was
sent to the Indian Ocean once again. The program of this voyage consisted
of complex oceanographic research on the nortborn part of the ocean, Laded-
leg the Arabian Sea, Day of Bengal, and Andaman Sea, as well as the central
part of the ocean (south to 40' Southern Latitude) and the region of the
northwestern half of the Java Trench.
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The basic aims of the expedition were to collect material and conduct
observations relating to the following scientific problems:
1. Vktter circulation and deep currents;
2. Definitions of oceanic frontal zones;
3. Thermal balance and interchange of oceanic waters;
4. Physics of the near-surface atmospheric layer over the ocean;
5. Bottom relief and tectonics;
6. Bottom sediments and suspended matter in connection with
sediment-genesis problems; geologic history of the ocean;
7. Definition and dynamics of chemical processes in the ocean;
8. Fish distribution, plankton and benthos, in order to define
the productive regions of the ocean;
9. Interconnection and geographic zoning of physical, chemical,
and biologic characteristics;
10. Radioactivity of water and bottom deposits;
11. Perfection of research methods.
Almost all of these problems required that the work of the 33rd voyage
should extend and broaden the research first carried out during the 31st
voyage of "VITYAZ" in the Indian Ocean.
Also, this expedition had to conduct meteorologic, radiation, and
astronomic studies as well as a few other types of research.
130 persons participated in this expedition, 65 in the scientific party
and 65 crew members. The following scientific divisions worked during this
expedition: (1) meteorology (with L. P. Shkotkin as head); (2) hydrology
(IU.A. Ivanov, head); (3) chemistry (Y.N. Ivaneukov, head); (4) geology
(E . I . Gordeev, head); (5) seismo-acoustic (H. P. Neprochnov, head); plankton
(L.I. Ponomwaarev, head); (7) benthos (F.A. Pasternak, head); (8) icthyrelogy
(N.V. Perin, head); (9) physics (IU. I. Prodan, head); (10) radioactivity
studies (A.G. Zelenkov, head); (11) hydrographic group (L.P. Nasyr, head).
The leader of the expedition was P. L. Bezrukov, and his substitute was
I. A. Stoianov; the captain of "VITYAZ" was I. V. Sergeev.
Most of the members of the expedition cause from the Institute of
Oceanology, but in addition personnel from the Naval (Marine?) gydrophysical
Institute, Governmental Astronomic Institute (named Shterrberg), Maritime
Administration of Lydrooeeetric Service, and several other institutions
participated in this expedition.
"VITYAZ" left Odessa for the 33rd voyage October 6, 1960 and, after
sailing for 31,250 miles, arrived at Vladivostok April 19, 1961. Therefore
the cruise lasted 194 days. The itinerary of the expedition is shown on
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Figure I. During this voyage "VITYAZ" called at Aden, Bombay, Colombo,
Calcutta and Singapore for supplies. Besides, the ship visited Diego-
Garcia Atoll in the Chagos Archipelago, where the members of the expedition
collected faunal samples from the littoral coral reefs. Below are a few
indications of work completed:
Total number of oceanographic stations ................. 282
Hydrographic stations ................................... 195
of these, stations deeper than 2004 a ................ 128
Buoy, mostly 24 hours, stations........,.. r ............. 21
Stations with vertical sounding t? (ST's? - RLF)........ 2?31,
Cores ..................................................? 104
of these, by heavy piston coring ...................... 14
Bottom photography, stations ........................... 30
Collection of suspended matter by separation,
number of fiiters ....................................3840
Collection of suspended matter by separation,
miles ...............................................18000
Echo-sounding, miles .................. ................28645
Seismic stations, with arc-er (?) (reflection).......... 144
Seismic profiles with radio-buoys (refraction).......... 3
Collection of water 200 1. ........................... 50
Plankton collection to 500 m, stations ................. 188
Plankton collection (deep), stations ................... 7
Deepwater (mid water?) trawl, stations ................. 23
Catch by ring trawls, stations ......................... 28
Edging of sound-scattering layers ....................?. 86
Bottom scoops, stations (grabs).... ..................... 188
Otter-trawl ............................................ 4
Icthyologic catch, stations ............................ 188
Catch by a large conical net ........................... 8
During the 83rd voyage certain new instruments and methods of research
which were not to use during the previous oceanic voyages of "VITYAZ", or
generally in the ocean, were adopted. Some of theses I ' gradient observations
of temperature and humidity of the air with electro-psychrometer; gradient
observations of temperature and wind with meteo-buoy (transliteration?);
instrumental measuring of currents with BPV at depths of up to 5000 m;
collection of suspended matter by separation method (was used earlier in
the Antarctic expedition aboard the research vessel "OB"); work by seismic
buoys (was conducted earlier in the Black Sea); work with a long (1700 m)
are-or (?) to define the average speeds of sound in sediments: a heavy
coring tube of large diameter (170 mm) about 12 a long (was used in the
Black Sea); observations of the artificial satellites of Earth with the
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aid of gyro-stabilizing platform; and several other instruments and methods
of work.
In a short article it is impossible to give an account of all the
scientific results of the research conducted during this expedition.
There fore we shall discuss here only a few of the basic results of the
voyage, drawing on data of different scientific divisions.
One of the most important results of the voyage was the completion
of sufficiently detailed oceanographic observations of such large, and at
the same time little-knows, regions of the Indian Ocean as the Arabian Sea,
Hay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. Such complex research has never been under-
taken here before. Studies within the equatorial sane of the ocean and two
meridional sections in the central part of the ocean produced *ich new and
interesting information. Research conducted in the region of the western
part of the Java Trench substantially supplemented material gathered during
the 31st voyage in the eastern part of the trench, and provided an opportunity
to acquire a more complete picture of the structure of this deepest depression
of the Indian Ocean.
It will be practical to commence with discussion of the scientific
results of the geologic program, inasmuch as the bottom relief and oceanic
depths define the character of the many processes taking place in the ocean.
As a result of continuous echo-sounding many of the important traits
of the Indian Ocean were clearly expressed and accurately defined.
In the Arabian Sea ample material was gathered to demonstrate that
beyond the boundaries of the continental slope the sea floor basically
represents a vast accumulative plain. In the northern part of the sea the
little-studied submarine )array Ridge was traversed three times. Murray
Ridge was discovered by the Anglo-Egyptian expedition "HABAHISS" (7). The
ridge stretches from northeast to southwest and is a continuation of one of
the mountainous structures on the right bank of the Indies River. Flat-topped
mountains with ainiamsm depth of 455 m were discovered an the surface of this
ridge. A trench was defined, with steep slopes, flat bottom, and with a
depth of up to 4230 a, adjacent to the ridge.
Sze 1 -- Track of the 33rd voyage of the
research vessel "VI1"YAl "
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The contours and surface character of the largest submarine ridges
crossing the opt--Arabian-Indian (Carlsberg - Rte'') and Mid-Indian--ware
defined accurately. Both ridges proved to be considerably wider than in-
dicated on the maps. They have an exceptionally complicated and dissected
relief, crowned by numerous mountains; some of these are 2 - 2.5 km high
and were discovered for the first time. Along the axial part of the
Arabian-Indian (Ca rlaberg) as well as Mid-Indian ridges a deep longitudinal
valley was traced on several crossings; this corresponded to the (rift)
valley described by Hessen in the more southern part of the Kid-Indian Ocean
Ridge. Directly east of the Mid-Indian Ridge, in the region of the Chagos
Archipelago, two crossings were made of a deep trench which had steep slopes
and flat bottom, with a depth of approximately 5400 m. From its structure
and position relative to the neighboring insular chain, the newly-discovered
Chagos Trench is similar to other oceanic trenches. Further research is
necessary to define its extent.
A large submarine mountain discovered during the 81st voyage of "VITYAZ"
was subjected to detailed examination. It is situated atop the submarine
ridge 550 miles south southeast of Ceylon. The ridge is in the sedimentary
plain extending from the Bay of Bengal approximately to 7* South Latitude
in the northern part of the Indian-Australian Bassin. The shoalest part of
this mountain is 1550 m deep. The name of the first Russian traveller
sailing the Indian Ocean in the XVth century, Afanasi Nikitin, Is given
to this mountain (1).
South of 7' South Latitude, the floor of the Indian-Australian Basin
is very complexly dissected, with volcanic foxes of relief predominating.
Numerous submarine valleys (channels), evidently formed as a result of
turbidity current activity, are encountered on the continental slope in the
Bay of Bengal, and in the region of the sedimentary plain occupying the
greater part of the gulf bottom. The existence here of such valleys was
noted earlier by Diets (6). In the southeastern part of the gulf the little-
studied submarine ridge, with shoal depths over it from 2000 to 2500 meters,
was crossed and traced.
Fib 2 - Sounding profile of oceanic floor along
83' East longitude (from Station 4896
to Station 4912)
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In the Andaman Bea, a deep trench stretching along the base of the eastern
slope of the Andaman-Wiaobar insular chain, as well as a submarine ridge
situated east of this trench, was crossed several times. The Invisible Dank
is situated atop of this ridge.
Investigations in the region of the western part of the Java Trench
opposite Smostra showed that the slopes bore have a very complicated structure.
Seaward of the trench a comparatively gentle mall alternates with a chain of
large elevations with the characteristics of a mountain ridge, crowned by
ncasmercus peaks with shoal depthe ranging from 2500 to $000 meters.
A submarine ridge connecting the elevation of Christmas and Cocos
Islands was defined. Southwest of Christmas Island a seaao>tnt more than
3 kilometers high, with a ainiaaasm depth of 1440 meters, was discovered and
subjected to special study.
Some of the new data on bottom relief of the Indian Ocean collected on
this voyage can be regarded as significant geographical discoveries.
Ample data regarding the composition and distribution of bottom sediments
was collected. It was established that sediments are distributed extremely
irregularly not only in the region of large oceanic ridges with complexly
dissected surfaces (Arabian- Indian (Carlsberg), Mid-Indian, and others), but
also in the deep basins remote from laud (Indian-Australian, Central Indian),
which have an uneven, predominantly volcanic bottom relief. The freltent
and sharp contrasts of relief, with depth ranges of several kilometers in the
region of ridges and usually many tons and hundreds of meters within the
hilly plains (Figure 2). and the slow sedimentation rates are responsible for
the extremely wide occurrence here of hard rocks, i.e. an interrupted sediment
acc u mul.ation. The presence here of exposed rock is confirmed in many cases
by obtaining samples of rocks (predominantly basalt) by dredging and coring,
as well as by submarine photography (Figare 3). The analysis of echo-sounding
profiles is not the only method producing a clear picture of this phenomenon
on an extremely large scale. Without exaggeration, we may say that a
numberless quantity of exposures of volcanic rocks are present an the ocean
Volcanic rock exposures on the ssrfacs
of the Arabian-Indian Ridge (Carlsberg)
(Station 4845; depth 2600 asters)
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At the same time, the abrupt depth changes in the regions of oceanic
ridges and billy deep basins gin the obvious vertical soeation in "41-
sent accumulation. Zonation is expressed in repeated cha es, often in very
short distances, in the size and material composition of abyssal sediments.
The changes in grain-also of sediments from elevations to depressions
in the batten are related to changes in hydrodynamic conditions which clearly
occur even at depths of more than 5 kilometers. Submarine bottom photo-
graphs show the presence of typical ripple marks, formed by powerful currents,
on the surface of submarine ridges at depths up to 8 kilometers (Figure 4).
Changes in the material composition of the abyssal sediments take place
especially sharply in the depth interval from 4200 to 4700-8000 meters,
where the puree carbonate sediments (forsaini feria ooze) are replaced by
carbonate-fie sediments trod clays),, due to the solution of calcium carbonate
in the cold, deep waters.
A combination of interrupted deposition and vertical soaation of sedi-
meuta in the central parts of the ocean, atop ridges and in deep basins
leads to an extreme irregular and n farm character of abyssal sediment-
ation. As the regions of irregular relief occupy at least 3/4 of the ocean
floor, It becomes clear that sporadic sediment accumulation represents one
of the most characteristic traits of oceanic sedimentation, a fact which
till now has not been sufficiently noted.
A different picture is observed in the region of accumulative abyssal
plains, usually situated in the marginal parts of the ocean--for example,
the floor of the Arabian Basin and Bay of Bengal with the adjoining northern
pert of the Indian-Australian Basin. Bare, the cone emepcearraxy sediments are
distributed more evenly and changes in their composition take place grad-
ually. At the same time, below the recent surface of the abyssal plains
sediments deposited by turbidity currents are widely distributed. Such
sediments include the interlayers of compact usually aicaceous, sands and
silt encountered in many long corns taken at depths as great as 5000 meters.
The distribution of various typos of bottom sediments was determined;
wide occurrence of aanganese-iron nodules in the Indian-Australian Basin
was established; and new data was gathered on the distribution of radiolarian
and ethmodiscue oozes, which were encountered for the first time in the
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the surface of the ocean and by negative, predominantly turbulent, exchange
at oceanic depths. As a result of the interplay of these processes the
observed distribution of temperature is established: at the surface the
water temperature fluctuates between the limits of 26 - 28', next to bottom
within 1.8 to 1.7'. In the upper layer, the water is warmer in the lay of
Bengal than in the Arabian Sea; within the layer from 180 masters to the
bottom a reversed picture is observed. This is explained by the fact that
as a result of sedimentation being greater than evaporation in the Day of
Bengal (as compared with the Arabian Sea), a sharply defined layer of rapidly
increasing (with depth) density, preventing vertical mixing of the wattiers, is
formed. Distribution of temperature in the Andem na Sea is determined by an
intensive vertical mixing which leads to an increase of heat beneath the
surface lays". Below 1800 voters, the water temperature is about S',
i.e. it equals the temperature at the threshold of the deepest strait.
The salinity field in the northern part of the Indian Ocean is deter--
mined by the interaction of the sources of salinity (Red Sea, Aden, Persian
and Oman gulfs, the nortborn part of the Arabian Sea, and the central part
of the ocean) and the sources of dilution (Day of B regal, Andaman Sea, the
northeastern part of the ocean, and the Antarctic water).
In the Arabian Soa three layers of high--salinity water are founds the
sub -surface layer of the Arabian Seta proper; the intermediate layer foamed
in the Persian Gulf; and the lower layer of the led Bea origin. Further
away from their sosuroas, these layers are mixed and lose their individ ality.
Penetrating Into the eastern part of the ocean, they are finally mixed
together and fill the nay of Bengal as one layer of increased salinity.
Decreased salinity is observed in the surface layer of the northeastern and
eastern parts of the ocean and in the deep layers Just above the bottom
in the whole of the northern part of the Indian Oceean.
In the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and two m eridional sections in the
central part of the ocean, the areas of rising and descending waters are
bounded by the isolines of temperature. In the central part of the o con,
where all the processes have a well defined sonal character, the festal some
are very noticeable; equatorial convergence (2 - 8' South Latitude), southern
equeatcanial divergence (8* South Latitude ), tropical convergence (20' South
Latitude),, subtropical divergence ( 29 - 82' South Latitude).
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Analysis of data from the instrumental measurements of currents (auto-
matic buoy stations, compared with parallel observations aboard ship) and the
charts of dynamic topography show that in November and the first ten days of
December, 1960 the system of currents as a whole did not correspond to the
winter monso n, in spite of the fact that the predominating winds were north-
western. In the gay of aengal (February to beginning of perch, 1961) the
cu rrsnta corresponded to the charted characteristics for the winter monsoon.
The instrumental observations of the currents on the buoy stations qualita-
tively agree well with the charts of dynamic topography constructed daring
the voyage.
Instrumental measurements of currents conducted at great depths (up to
5000 asters) show the presence of considerable speeds through the whole
water a*' Ow.
Five buoy stations on the equator were occupied. On, one of thew
(4948) a powerile1 smb-surface current was discovered; this apparently is
analogous to the Cromwell Current in the Pacific Ocean.
The chemistry group collected abundant material on the cbmaical structure
of oceanic waters. At all the hydrographic stations Identification was muds
of 02, pD, alkalinity, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate, as well as
of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and total phosphorus on some stations. In
addition, studies were conducted of pD, Bh, water content, and the density
of bottom; sediments, also of the chemical composition of included waters.
In places in the northeastern part of the Arabian lea, within the
oxygen aixtiaemm layer, a total absence of oxygen at a depth of 250 meters
from the bottom (932 meters) was discovered. Oxygen deficiency is observed
here not only at all depths, but also an the surface. values of pH, having
the saw character of distribution as 02, reach their mintsrm in the Arabian
Sea (7.64 - 7.67 ).
The distribution of nitrites was studied in detail. The second highest
content of nitritees, discovered for the first time daring the list voyage,
was trace over the vast surface of the Arabian Sea. The maxi man quantity
of nitrite nitrogen here equals 75 ag/a3, which is the highest for the whole
of the World Ocean. The second highest nitrite content spreads south and
south-east, approximately to 90? Bast Longitude (in a layer of from 150 - 300
to 400 - $00 asters).
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In the Arabian Sea, hydrogen sulfide in quantities of 0.02 - 0.10 al/liter
was discovered in the layer of minim oxygen concentration and the second
highest nitrite content (from 160 - 2,50 to 600 - 1000 maters). Earlier, it
had been noted by the "NA,IUB" expedition in the near-bottom layer near
the entrance to the Gulf of (Tecate by Ras--E1--Khadd Cape, and also near Sombay.
It was established that hydrogen sulfide is widely distributed in the northern
part of the Arabian Sea. Iron sulfide was also discovered in the north-
western part of the Bay of Bengal, in the same layer (0.02 - 0.06 al/1) (2).
The discovery of hydrogen sulfide over vast areas of the intermediate waters
of the Arabian Sea throws additional light an the cause of the episodic
death of fish in this sea.
A study in the central part of the ocean showed that well--eased
zoning appears in the distribution of all the observed chemical components.
This zoning reflects the changes of such dynamic factors as mixing, currents,
and zones of rising and descending wasters. The frontal %ease recognisable
by their physical characteristics (temperature, salinity) are expressed
just as clearly with respect to their chemical elements.
great efforts we" made to determine the primary production of phyto-
plankton. According to IB.G. Kabsnova, during the voyage primary production
proved to be low. The highest volame was found in the Andsman Sea (where
a higher nitrate content was observed in the surf" waters) and in the
region of the Somalian current. liana, the primary production reached
840 mg C/m2 a day. In the central part of the ocean a negligible quantity
of phytopl ankton in the tows attested to the low volume of the ,primary
production.
The planktoaologists conducted research on the composition and quanti-
tative distribution of phyto-seed zoo plankton, and constructed the relative
charts.
The greatest quantity of phytoplankton was encountered in the Andaman
Sea where, in the north, the "blooming" of blue-green algae was observed.
In conjunction with the flowering of phytoplankton bore as well as in the
Gulf of Aden, an extremely low phosphate content (with a slightly increased
nitrate content) in the surface water was noted. In the Arabian Sea the
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quantity of phytoplanktoo was less, with alternating zones of increased and
decreased quantities. South of the Arabian Sea, in the some of the south-
equatorial divergence, an increased quantity of phytoplanktou was noted.
The Bay of Bengal proved to be low in pbytoplankton; however, directly south
of it a -azinum burst of diatoms was observed in the some of the northern
monsoon current. In the central part of the ocean there is very little
phytopl.ankton; peridiniaaae predominate here.
The greatest sooplankton biomass was observed in the layer 0 - 100 maters
in the Arabian Sea, similarly to the previous voyage. This sea is outstand-
ing in the quantity of tropical sooplankton. In the Bay of Bengal the biomass
is considerably smaller, and in the Andaman Sea it is slightly larger than in
the Bay of Bengal. In the open ocean, some increase in the sooplanktom bio-
mass was noted in the some of south-egwatorial divrrg ; an extremely low
quantity was noted in the anticycloanie sane southward to 33' South Latitude;
than, still further south, an increase in biomass was once more observed.
The 200 - 600 meter layer is distinguished everywhere by the low
quantity of soopla tkton; this is especially noticeable in the some of
hydrogen sulfide contaminated waters in the Arabian Sea.
Investigations of the deep scattering layers were carried out.
Collections showed that these layers are formed primarily by bathypelagic
fish (predominantly myctophids ), decapods, euphausids, and salps.
The Beathos Division, employing the ample collection of bottom fauna,
succeeded in constructing a detailed picture of the distribution of total
biaeeaeas, as wall as of the biomass of separate groups of benthos. The central
part of the Arabian Sea is characterized by comparatively high biomass (of
the order of 0.5 - 1.6 g/mm ). In the northern part of the sea, the biomass
is sharply decreased as a result of contamination of the intermediate waters
by hydrogen sulfide; at the same time a sharp qualitative deterioration in
the fauna is noted. On several peaks of the bray Ridge, washed by the
contaminated waters, there was a total absence of bottom fawns. In the may
of Natal the benthic biomass is lower on the average than in the Arabian
Sea. This biomass is gradually decreasing ft in the coastal shallow waters
towards the central regions. Throughout the whole area under insvestigatiou,
first place in the total biomass is occupied by polychauetes; the second
place belongs to the crustacea, the average quantity of which in the Arabian
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Sea is considerably lower.
Of great scientific interest is the discovery, on several stations in
the tropical zone of the ocean, of dsepwater crustacea of the mysids family,
considered earlier to be distributed bipolarly. The collections of this
group have a few new types.
The icthyologists studied the pelagic and deepwater ichtbyo-fauna,
and conducted research on the reproduction and development of fish, collect-
ing the coastal fish as well as pelagic sperm,
Of the greatest practical interest was the discovery of a region, at
the month of the Gulf of Aden and in the zoo* of the So l 4 an current, rich
in pelagic predatory fish (twiny and coryphaeaa.). Rare large qmmtltios of
coryphaenas (dolphin?) wore encountered. At now stations the catch reached
50 - 100 fish per hour of fishing. Sizable shoals of smell tmnny (striped
and yellow-scaled), l.SseitSd to the surface waters, also were encountered.
Evidently this region should be considered promising for the development
of oceanic trade.
During this voyage, a large collection of pelagic fish, representative
of the composition of ichthyo-fa in. the observed region, we gathered.
The flying fish is especially well representeds some types were noted for
the first time in the Indian Ocean.
Mach material was also gathered regarding abyssal fish. Thera are
many new, rare, and little-studied mss, and several forte unknown previously
for the Indian Ocean. New data defines with considerable accuracy the general
understanding of distribution of the abyssal fish in the Indian Ocean.
Undoubtedly, the material covering the distribution of the young of
the tunny, flying fish, and various groups of abyssal fish is of great
interest. N. W. Gorbunova discovered an exceptionally large ac lation
of tunny larvae in the Aden 6' elf and in the waters of the Somalia Current.
The physicists, using the gyrostabilizing platform, conducted obser-
vatios of the artificial satellites and photographed regions of the Milky.
Way which cannot be seen from Soviet observatories. Such work was conducted
for the first time on oceanographic expeditious. In addition, the division
conducted radio-physical observations. The Division of Radioactive Studies
completed extensive work on the radioactivity of water (to maxima depths),
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO17800350001-6
as wall as of water suspended matter.
To am up, one may conclude that the 33rd expeditional voyage of
"YITYAZ", as well as its 31st voyage, considerably broadened our concept
of the nature of the Indian Ocean. It is essential to study farther the
vast amount of material gathered by the expedition, and to expedite all
the work involved.
In conclusion, it should be stressed that during the whole voyage,
lasting six and a half months, under trying tropical conditions, a spirit
of ontual help prevailed between the scientific staff of the expedition
and the ship's crew. This not only facilitated completion of the program
of research, but enabled us to accomplish mach more work than proposed,
and in a shorter time.
110 W-
p Ia
,Ll
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246A017800350001-6
1. Bezrukoy, P. L., Zatanaki, L. K., and Sergeev, I. V., 1961, The Afanaai
Itikitin *entain in the Indian Ocean, Dokl, Acad. Sel. 1881,
139, No. 1;
2. Ivanankov, V. L, and Rosanov, A. Q., 1961, *ydrogen sulfide contamination
of the intainediate layer of waters in the Arabian Sea and
Bengal Gulf, oceanology, No. 8;
3. Neprocbnov, 19. P., 1961, Sediaeent thickness of the Arabian Sea Main,
Doki, Aced. 8ci. u8SR, 139, No. 1;
4. Neproclraov, 11. P., 1961, Now data on the structure of the Earth's crust
in the Indian Oc an, Dok1, Acad. 8ei. 8881 (in print);
5. Oceanologic research, 1961, Collec. articles, 10th division of progrraaa
MG (Oceanology), No. 4;
6. Diets, R.; 1954, Possible deep-sea turbidity current channels in the
Indian Oce aak, Beall. Ceol. Soc. Asaar., 64, No. 12;
7. Wiaeaaeaan, J. D. R., and Sewall., R. S. S., 1957, The floor of the Arabian
Sea, Aeo1. Nag., 74.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO17800350001-6
Figure 1 - Track of the 33rd voyage of the
research vessel "VITYAZ"
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO17800350001-6
Figure 2 - Sounding profile of oceanic floor along
83? East Longitude (from Station 4896
to Station 4912)
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO17800350001-6
Figure 3 - Volcanic rock exposures on the surface of
the Arabian-Indian Ridge (Carlsberg)
(Station 4845; depth 2600 meters)
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/09: CIA-RDP80T00246AO17800350001-6
Fi re 4 - Ripple marks formed by currents
on the crest of the Arabian-
Indian Ridge (Carlsberg)
(Station 4823; depth 2000 meters)
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