(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED SOVIET PAPERS ON ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION(SANITIZED)

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7
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RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
U
Document Page Count: 
41
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
December 12, 2011
Sequence Number: 
1
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Publication Date: 
September 14, 1962
Content Type: 
MISC
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-)nX1-HI IM Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 ? it Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7 Zeiohnenerklarungen. Erklarung zu dem Algendiagramme. L gende; Ir 'Cyanophyceae tales, 3Desmidiaeeae,4~Chrysomou3 inae=Bacillarieles Nomenclatur der Perioden: PbsPrebo eal, B3Borea1,AtaAt1antisch, Saimers Subatlantische, Sa2zzweite Subatla tische,Nbl=erste Neoboreale, Nb2? zweite Neoboreale,R'Rezent. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 migration of radioactive phosphorus by manure in the circulated and the stagnant water W.1.6hadiu, N.C.OheretskovskajjL and A.Th.Aliaov Zoological Institute of the Academy of Seiences,Leningrad STAT The experiments have being carried out in four aquariums of r'ranzev with the circulated and the stagnant water: in two aqua- riums the water circulated '/ houcra per day with the current speed 1-9 cm/sec, in two others the water was stagnant. The light - 10 luainiscent lamps above every pair of aquariums 7 hours per day. The water is taken from the Neva river, there is a washing sand at the uottom of aquariums. The experiment lasted 3.5 months. All the aquariums have been filled with organic manure from Ohlorella, Elodea and molluscs. Two aquariums ( with circulated and stagnant water) have been filled besides organic manure with mineral manure (K,va,1'9f1) by norms for piscicultural ponds. 't'here is a radio-active phosphorus in all the aquariums and curing the experiment radiometrical investigations.have being carried out at the distribution of phosphorus between water, gro- und, plancton, Ceratophyllua, fillamentous algae, molluscs and Daphnia. The development of life in aquariums went in different ways. t'he maximum aaont of fillaaentous algae (over 160 g per 100 1 wa- ter) and minimum amount of Daphnia ( 36 ag/I00 1) have been re - ceived in the aquarium with complexe manure and circulated water. The a;Auarium with the same manure but with the stagnant water had tillaaentous algae 2..~ times less than the aquarium with circulated water, as far as baphnia is concerned its amount has increased in four times. YillaAentous algae didntt almost develop in the aqu4- rium without mineral manure and with the circulated water, but Daphnia reached their maximum (26.134 g/IO0 1). The aquarium di Fred from the previous one by the absence of current had amount of Daphnia almost the same (25.4 g/IO0 1), there was a little amount of algae there. Biomass of Oeratophyllua and molluscs in all aquariums was equal. kadiactive phosphorus was being distributed in accordance with the bioa~ss and the quantity of the sand. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Migration des radioaktiven Phosphors bei der Duaguag in zirkuliereadet and Stehwasser. W.I.Shadin, N.G.Oserezkowekaja und A.F.Alimow Zoologisches Institut der Akademie der Wiseenechaften der UdSSR, Lesiagri Die Versuche warden in 4 Aquarian des Franzew's Systems mit zirkulieas rendem and unbeweglichem /Step/ Wasser durchgefuhrt: in zwei Aquariea zirkulierte das Wasser je 7 Standen pro Tag uad Naoht wit eiaer Gesohwis" digkeit von 7-9 cm/sec, in den zwei aaderea war das Nasser uxboweglich. Beleuchtuag - j e 10 Lumiaeezemzlampen fiber jeden Aquarien-Paar j e 7 Stun den pro Tag and Nacht. Wasser - aus Newa-Flues, am Bodes durohsp'tilter Sand. Versuchadauer - 3,5 donate. In alien Aquariea war organiaeher Duager in Gestalt von C hlorellea, Elodees and Mollusken beigesetzt. In zwei Aquarien /mit zirkultereadem and unbewegliehem Wasser/ wurde ausserdem noch Minerald'uager / Ca, K, _', N/aach den fir Fisehteiehe angenommenen Norman, zugegeben. In alle Aquarien wurde radioaktiver Phosphor zugesetzt and is Ver- lauf des ganzen Versuches warden radiometrische BeobaehtuAgen fiber die Verteilung des Phosphors zwiechen Wasser, Grand, Plankton, Cergtophyllum fadenartigen Algen, Mollusken and Daphnien.vorgeaommen. Das Leben in den Aquarien entwickelte etch auf verslliedese Art. Im Aquarium mit KomplexdU*ger and zirkulierendem Wasser wards die grdaete Zahl der fadenartigen Algen /fiber 160 gr pro 100 L Wasser/ and sine erh n. minimale Menge von Daphnien Im Aquarium mit gleichem Dunger, aber mit atabilem Wasser wares die fadenartigen Algen um 2,3 Mal weniger, die Daphnien daftir 4 Mal mehr. Im Aquarium ohne Mineraldunger and mit zir- kulierendem Wasser entwickelten etch die fadeaartigen Alges fast gar nicht and die Daphnien erreichten ihr Maximum / 26,84 gr pro 100 L Was- ser/. Im Aquarium, das etch vom vorigen durch das Fehlen des Stromee untereoheid.et, gab as fast genau so viel Daphnien / 25,4 gr pro L00 L Wasser,(, Algen waren in eiaer geringeren Aazahl vorhanden. Die Biomaeee der Cer&tophyllum and der Mollusken war is alien Aquarien die gleiche. Der radioaxtiver ehosphor verteilte Bich entspreehend der Grosse der Biomas:;e and aer Men6e des Sandeb. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 STAT Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied Iq Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 r. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Le role des plantea--a.uatiques-euperrieures dans lea cycles trophiques des baBSins d'eau douse" Professeur dr. N.S.Gajevakaja /Moscou/ RLSUM% La question du role des plantee aquatiques sup6rieures dame 1 all. mentation des animaux aquatiques eat encore a debattre.Un brof aper- pu eat present6 sur la productivit6 des especea masaives des macro- phytes et le role jou,6 par quelques 250 espegsdee planter sup6rieurei aquatiques dame 1 alimentation de a peu pres de 500 especes d"an ux aquatiques.Dens le rapport sont utilis6ee lee donn6es de la littera- ture ainsi que lee donn6es de la ebaire de hydrobiologie a 1'Institut de Pisciculture de 1'URSS. On peut designer en consequence deux grouper do plantes:I* seller qui sont largement consumdes par des animaux aquatiqes et 2. lea plantea dont lea animeux aquatiques no font pas grand usage.Il y a A entre ces deux groupea quelquea eapeces des plantes mediateurs. Dana le rapport sont esamin6s lea facteurs qui d6terininent 1 uti. 14. lisation /intensive ou faible/ de differentes eapeces des plantes.La caracteristique de la composition syat6matique des amimaux - consom- mateurs de plantes::aup6rieures aquatiques eat preeent6e.On prete at- tention particuliere a la question la plus diseutable telle que 1in tensit6 de 1 1 utilisation de la v6g6tation dure dams lea chainons he- terotrophea. Lattention set pret6e de merge a un groupe de poissona - consommateura de plantes.Le nombre d eapeces danSce groupe n eat pas grand,mais it a de bonnes perspectives dans 1'6oonomie poisson- STAT niece. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 "The role of the high aquatic plants in the trophic cycles of the fresh-water basins". Professor Dr. N.S.Gajevskaja. / Moscow / SU1.1ARY. The importanase of high aquatic plants in the aquatic animals ali- mentation is still to be discussed. A brief note concerning the productivity of the nassiv species of macrophyts is presented as well as the deliberation about the role which is played by some 250 species of the high aquatic plants in the alimentation of about 500 species of aquatic animals. All data are based on the review of lit- terature and the results obtained by the laboratory of chair of hyd- robiology in the Institute of the Fisheries. Consequently two grops can be designated:I.the plants which are widely and intensively used by aquatic animals and 2. the plants which are not. There are some me- diate species of plants which link one above mentioned groups with another. Factors conditioning the intense or the negligible utilization of some kinds of plants are examined and the characteristic of the syste- matic composition of animals-consumers of the high aquatic plants is presented.Much attention is given to the most discutable problem con- cerning the intensity of utilization of the coarse vegetation in hete- rotrophic links. The attention is given too to a group of fish consum- ing the plants. There are not many species in this group, nevertheless STAT it has very good prospects in the whole fish economy. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7 'TAT ' Ecology of the phyto lie C2adocera in connection with estimation o the inshore zone in the life of the Volga Waler Reservoirs N.N.Sairnov Abstract Ecology of Chydoridae, Macrothricidae, Sididae inhabiting the Ivankovo, Uglich, Rybinsk, Kuybyshev, and Volgograd Reservoirs has been studied. 696 quantitative samples of the inshore fauna on 185 ?ere, stations i3 taken in tie inshore zone less than I a deep. 34 species of Chydoridae, 10 species of Macrothricidae, and 4 species of Sididae wade found in the investigated water reservoirs. Most species revealed no limited geographical distribution. Was The distribution in a water reservoir $ determined by the sub- strate. Inshore vegetation harbo4much more abundant fauna than that under any other conditions. Chydoridae and Sididae constitute~aa essen4 tial part of phytophylio fauna. Macrothrioidae are not abundant. The species composition of inshore Cladocera iss very different in vegetated and in noi-vegetated places. Regular phytopylic species wpn: Acro erus harae, Alona affinis, A.costata, A.guttata, Alonopsis elogata, Camptocercus recttrostris, Chydorus globosus, CS.Qhaericus,,... aurycercus lamellatus, Graittoleberis testudinaria, Monospilus dispar, 1eracantha truncata, Pleuroaus aduncus, Sida crystallina. No definite differences were observed in Chydoridae species distribution in the beds of various inshore plants. were Regular species of not-vegetated places are: Alona affinis, A.quadrangularis, Alonopsis elongata, Chydorus gibbus, fgr.sphhaericue, Monospilus r, Rhynchotalona rro-ostrata? Phytophylic Chydoridae appeardin May but their biomass increasd in the middle of June reaching about 3 gm per unified a (I m3 + I m2 of the bottom). The increase of the biomass tt9w place long after the increase of the water temperature and coin# de~ with the develorSTAT meat of the inshore vegetation. The high biomass persists & October Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12: CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 6ippial females and males occ eginning with the and of Auguet-.~ (Rybinsk Reservoir) In this connection life cycles of some Chydoridae were studied experimentally. kei/ rather long life duration and much more nume- rous instars were revealed than by.size group analysis. In the years with high water level (Rybinsk Reservoir) the deve lopment of inshore Cladocera follos the usual pattern. In occasio- nal years with low water level the inshore vegetation and phytophy- lie Cladocera do not develop. Chydoridae allied with bare grounds de- velop?~nstead, gradually reaching the biomass about I gm per I uni- fied m to the end of summer. m, Chydoridae populating inshore vegetation and not vegetated places ek -ed on detritus. Clones of 11 cerous lamellatus and Chydorus aphasri cus failed to grow and multiply when fed on Chlorella. C iydoridae prosper in the vegetation apparently due to?the abundant freshly died-off material and bacteria. The abundance of phytophylic Cladocera in the beds of inshore plants increase with the increase of the age of a water reservoir and consequent development of the vegetation. Thus it may be pointed out that the inshore vegetation determi- ne: I. The abundant development of the fauna including Chydoridae and 8ididae. 2. The distribution of the inshore Cladocera in the in- shore zone. 3. The seasonal distribution of the inshore Cladocera. 4. The development of the fauna in the years. with high and low water level. 5. The formation of the fauna of inshore Cladocera on the background of the inshore vegetation development with aging of a water reservoir. I'd not contri- The peculiarities of water reservoirs, however, d6 bute to the abundant development of the inshore vegetation, thus/47' limiting the food resources for fishes in this-type of water bodies. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Okologie der phytophilen Cladoceren in Verbindung mit der Bedeutung- der litoralen Zone im Leben der Wolgastauseen N.N.Smirnov Zueammenfaesung Des bearbeitete Material besteht aus 696 quantitativen Froben der litoralen Fauna, gesammelten in alien Stauseen der Wolga von Iwanjkowo Stausee bie Delta in der Uferzone auf den Tiefen bie I m. Be warden auoh experimentale Angaben auegeniitzt. Der moisten Chydoriden-Arten ist eine begrAnzte geographisohe Verbreitung nicht eigen. In der Zone der htiheren Wasserpflansen ent- wickelt sich vine weit reichende Chydoriden-Fauna, ale unter belie- bigen anderen Bedingungen. Chydoriden and Sididen bilden einen wese- ntlichen Teil der phytophilen Fauna. Phytophile Chydoriden erecheinen in Mai, ihre Biomasee steigt aber be*riiohtlich nur in der Mitts Juli, indem eie oat 3 g auf ver- einigtes Meter (I m3 + I m2 Bodenoberflache) erreicht. Die Steigermg der Biomasse erfolgt vial spAter ale die der Temperatur, fdllt nit der Entwicklung der htheren Pflansen zusaarmen and ist durch eie. offensichtlich bedingt. Ausser der Pflanzenzone wird so sine Biocas- sensteigerung nie beobachtet. Chydoridae ernahren sich in der Pflanzenzone and auseer ihr von Detritus. Die litoralen Aaseerpflanzen bedingen: I. Verteilung der lito- ralen Cladocera in Stauseen, ihr Reichtum in der Uferzone and Cha- racter ihrer Saisonverdnderangen. 2. GrOesere Entwicklung der Clado- cerenfauna in den Jahren mit normalem (hohea) Waeserniveau, gebunden sit der etarken Bntwicklung der Wasserpflazen. 3. Die Formierung der litoralen Cladocerenfauna in neuen Stauseen, the von der Formierung deren Waeserpflansenzone abhangt. Vberhaupt ist aber die Entwicklung der Wasserpflanzen in den Stauseen wegen ihrer allgemeinen Besonderheiten verhRltniesaseig geringe. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 A. -- , I I . Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 M.Kozhov STAT IrkutskvUSSRj ON DIURNAL RHYTHMS IN THE BENAVIOJ'R OF PELAGIC ANIMALS OF BAIKAL1 From October to May, in conditions of low temperature Pthe requi- rements of the pelagic fish and crustaceens for food are very low. In this period no regular diurnal vertical migrations are observed, or they are very poorly pronounced. The_feedir;g activity and intensity of migrations increase sharply in July-September up to 80 per cent of all crustaceans accumulate in the 0-5 metres layer in the dark period of the day. Accumulations of pelagic fish in the upper layer are observed in the evening. search c ustaceanzr~`fhe fish use eyesight? J`'Vhe1 darkest period of the day -tJ 4 daytime their feeding and movement activity decreases abruptly. The diurnal rhythms in the behaviour of the crustaceans and the fish feeding on them are clear of ann ~adaptive nature. The upper bright ly line presents !or the crustaceans )a feeding ground rich in live alga But~~ daytime they are threatened with complete destruction there.This contradiction is resolved through the development of the instinctk vertical mk,igrationsj they visit the feeding ground only in the dark period of the day. The rhythm of the feeding and movement activity of the fish is developed as?`adaptation in inter-connection with the rhythm of migrations of fodder zooplankton. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246A017900420001-7 _,,, - ------ ----- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 i M.Koshow Irkutsk,UdSSR. UBER DEN TAGESRHYTMUS IM BENEIflIEN PELAGISCHER TIERS DES BAIKALSEES (Thesen) %V?n Oktober bin Mai geht der Nahrungsbedarf der Fische and Kreb- sen im Zusammenhang mit der niedrigen Temperatur einschneidend zurtick. Regeii"echte Tages-Vertikaiwanderungen wurden nicht beobachtet oder sie Behr abgeschwacht sine. In sommer nimmt die Nahrungsaktivitat Bowie die Intensitat der vVanderungen bei Krebsen and Fischen rapid zu.Wahrend dieser Zeit sam- meln sich bis zu 80 Prozent aller Krebse in den Abendstunden in der Oberschicht 0 bis 5 m an. Fischen lassen sich in der oberen 'asser- schicht abends and in der ersten Nachthdlfte feststellen.Bei der Suche nach Krebsen machen sie von ihrem Sehvermogen Gebrauch.In der dunkelf, sten Tagwszeit and tagsUber gent die Nahrungs- and Bewegungsaktivitat der Fischer einschneidend zurUck. Der Tagesrhytmus im Benehmen der Krebse and Fische,denen these Krebse als Futter dienen,hangt offenbar mit ihrer Anpassungsfahigkeit zusammen.F-Ur Krebse ist die obere hell Beleuchtete Zone eine an leben- digen Algen reich Weide. TagsUber droht dort aber den Krebsen voll - standige Vernichtung. Dieser Widerspruch findet seine Losung im In- stinkt der Vertikalwanderung : die Vleide wird nur in der dunklen Ta- geszeit aufgesucht. Der_Rhytmus der Nahrungs- and Bewegungsaktivitat wird bei Fischen in Anpassung an die wechselnden Lebensbedingungen im Zusammenhang mit dam Migrationsrhytmus des Zooplanktons ausgearbeitet, der ihnen als Futter dient. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 - -------------- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 STAT Next 5 Page(s) In Document Denied Iq Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO17900420001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/12 : CIA-RDP80TOO24 Iierobiology of detritus of lakes A.G. Rodin STAT -Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences. Leningrad. USSR. The research of detritus in 7 lakes of Prilad?sh,3e was being carried out during two years. It was made microscopical study on detritus in ultra-Violet rays as well as in the usual light; the total number of microbes, the presence of various physiological groups were being determined. Luminescence aieresoopy has shown that detritus of these lakes is plaaktogenoius and algogenus in general, that it consists if a great variety of microscopical biotopes for bacteria, bietopes differ in their etrueture and chemical characters. Microscopy in ultra-violet rays allowed an to sake it clear the sines of bacteria accumulations on particles of detritus, their distribstion,the development of populations of separate species having great sizes, the a