CHAPTER XI OF SECRET SOVIET MANUAL ON ATOMIC WEAPONS AND ANTIATOMIC PROTECTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 25, 1962
• Content Type: MEMO

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
SE
ET
I RONBARK
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25. D. C.
MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of Central Intelligence
SUBJECT . Chapter XI of SECRET Soviet Manual on Atomic
Weapons and Antiatomic Protection
1. Enclosed is a verbatim translation of Chapter XI of a Soviet
SECRET document entitled "A Guide to the Combat Characteristics of
Atomic Weapons and to the Means of Antiatomic Protection". It was
published in 1957 by the Ministry of Defense, USSR.
2, For convenience of reference by USIB agencies, the
codeword IRONBARK has been assigned to this series of TOP SECRET
CSDB reports containing documentary Soviet material. The word
IRONBARK is classified CONFIDENTIAL and is to be used only among
persons authorized to read and handle this material.
3. In the interests of protecting our source, IRONBARK
material should be handled on a need-to-know basis within your
office. Requests for extra copies of this report or for utili-
zation of any part of this document in any other form should be
addressed to the originating office.
46/~?A.N
Richard Helms
Deputy Director (Plans)
CSDB-3/650,407
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
IRONBARK
'Original.: The Director of'Central Intelligence
cc: The Director of Intelligence and Research,
Department of State
The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
The Director for Intelligence,
The Joa.: `: Staff
The Ass :.;ant Chief of Staff for Intelligence,
Department of t'. e Army
The Director of Naval Intelligence
Department of the Navy
The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence
U. S. Air Force
The Director, National Security Agency
Director, Division of Intelligence
Atomic Energy Commission
Chairman, Guided Missiles and Astronautics
Intelligence Committee
Deputy Director for Research
Deputy Director for Intelligence
Assistant Director for National Eatima?ces
Assistant Director for Current Intelligence
Assistant Director for Research cad Reports
Assistant Director for Scientific Intelligence
Director, National Photographic Interpretation,'Center
ET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
S- RET
IRONBARK
COUNTRY USSR
CSDB-3/650,407
SUBJECT Soviet Manual on Atomic Weapons and
Antiatomic Protection (Chapter XI)
DATE OF INFO : 1957
APPRAISAL OF
CONTENT Documentary
SOURCE A reliable source (B).
Following is a verbatim translation of Chapter XI
of a Soviet SECRET document titled "A Guide to the Combat
Characteristics of Atomic Weapons and to the Means of
Antiatomic Protection." This manual was published in
1957 by the USSR Ministry of Defense as a replacement
for a similar 1954 manual (CSDB-35586), and is referenced
in the Information Collection of the Artillery
(cf. CS , It had o een superseded as of
late 1961. A similar, more general document was also
published by the 6th Directorate of the Ministry of Defense
in 1959 (CSDB-3/649,686).
S ET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
ET
CSDB-3/650,407
IRONBARK
Chapter XT
Protection of Troops Against Injury by
a vac ve' a er a s ur ng Opera ions
on Contaminated Terrain
Troop protection against injury by radioactive substances
during operations on contaminated terrain is accomplished by:
-- skilful., and timely use of individual means of
antichemical protection;
employment of defense installations; above ally
those equipped for antichemical protection;
- strict adherence of personnel to the measures
intended to prevent radioactive substances from getting
on the skin, uniform and equipment or even morn inside
the body;
-- radiation control of personnel and limitation of
the time spent on contaminated terrain;
-- performance of sanitary processing and decontamination.
38. Employment of Antichemical Protective Means and
Defense Installations During Operations on Con am na ed
Terrain
The skilful.. and timely use of individual means of
antichemical protection provides protection to personnel
against radioactive materials getting into the body and
against contamination of the skin, uniform, shoes and
equipment.
Depending on the combat situation, the possibilities
of dust formation and the state of the weather, various
individual means of antichemical protection are used, as
shown in Table 146.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
C'ePFT
IRONBARK
I U)
0 Y I U
F F> t.0
(n a 0) td 0 U
M >d,,am
E 0 it b00 C
In +.1 4.1 0 ++
rn .i U 013 F++ O
M rd 0) 0 R 0 +' 0
0'H V+ M" Mw
csDS-3/650,40,7
Y
> Y i)
++M O W
U Y-+
Y U 3 t' Y
H
R
> . 0
H f, 1
F rq +?1
q
M
F
rd
N
>
.ti
m
F >
0
M
u F
1
tl 0 rod
)
U
F
O 01
0 .-Ii
0 u
E 0)
++
0 0
M F
0
3 t
+
0 .O
0 C
M Y
14 14
N O
0. 1
0
n,w t0
Gry GL v-I M
~7w
0
+1
0
0
M
0
+?'
OI
0 C
-o IMF
07++ M
M 0 0,o,
F, Y 0 &
+?1 >
U)00 0
0
cJ F -+ O
o abnw
M 0)
00
>
V) c.I F > !! 'O
U 0).Oi M M
5 4) 3 0
N O 0 'O U) rt
7 ?. 0 0 M 0)
I+ M C7
0
N
0 0
0
+ > N
0 0 M
Y a
a1 ^-. ii
> M
V b0
-004)
0 (0
"
tod)
c
4" ,ry
>
M
X +-'
.44 F
N N
M LO Cd O
O
0 F
00
U,M '-
J w
R
O TO
.I 4)
In
1 14
M
f
Y
F
3
y U 0
0
w C O 1
.0
1071 Yv0
y
b -+
M J 0
F
M .C
Y 0
F
Y
F Y -4 fn a
^i
V
.
++ r q
M O '.Uy Y
V
.-I
(1
C
0 R ~
C~ Y
83 0
0
0
0 U) U F F
0:
^{
M -
F ~i
O
N +1 0
C
3.1
v U) 7
0 4
..
c
q
C
q
H 4
C td
U) q i.
- 0 ++ 0 M
0
U)
G+
0
C O W
) b0 0
0 .y
M ?0
0
r rn 0
O
0
O 0 4'
F U O U
M 0) F U
f) F U G7
SE~6'dRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
SECRET
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,107
n O
0
3 m
f: ^
Y +I
6 N
N
0 0
vb
0 00
0
aq
A
k' H
14 W
Lq Id
~ 01
F3 .
N 0
d 0
N
0) U)
bb 0)
0A [d ld 1'
b
is
\ \ a
0 0 4 a
.~ 0) N ." w 0) 0 (1) U I N 0 U) 0040 0 w
4 Y > . 0 H ..+.0 q ..4.0 0
m -.4 .7 Y Y Y 0 0 41 0 0
a N N qy 4 Y 4 g Y 0 .N 0 Y 0 :n
'0 Y Y ID to 0 ?.ir\ 4 td 0 00
0 01 Y > Ul S. ~' 41 41
O Y 0) .4 r1 b O) 0) .~ 0) 0 O .~ d q7 O G
i .'i ri ri ?.1 p. .i 3 W
Sa q b V) 0) .0 X.
a 0 'ti d 0 Y
U U 9i Y 0) q
S.. Y Jl > 0) ' )
0 0 7 0 11 0 04 f;
w 0 0 '-+ -i U Y a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,407
During operations on contaminated terrain, in addition
to using individual antichemical protective gear, the follow-
ing should be observed:
-- avoid raising dust;
do not lie down on the ground, if not required
by the combat situation;
-- don't eat, drink or smoke.
The use of shelters, even the simplest.trenches, not
only lessens .the probability of getting radioactive substances
on the skin, uniform or inside the body, but also reduces the
radiation dose. The degrees of dose reduction are shown in
Table 147.
Decrease in Radiation Dose for Various Shelters
Dose reduction
Shelter type (in number of times)
Full profile trenches
Covered portions of trenches
B l indage.
Shelters, light type
Shelters, heavy type
}
-5-
Radiation practically
eliminated
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IF
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650, +07
39. Permiss ible Time f qr Remaining., on Terra..n
Contaminated with Radioactive,- S,ubstance~
The time spent on terrain contaminated with radioactive
substances is determined by the radiation levels on it, by
the nature of the radioactive contamination, and by the
harmless doses of the overall external irradiation.
The harmless dose of overall external radiation is
that dose which is sustained by a man without noticeable
harm to his health.
The harmless gamma radiation dose within the overall
irradiation of personnel is as follows:
Once in the course of one day--50 r;
Repeatedly in the course of ten days--10 r/day.
Notes: 1. In some cases of repeated irradiation, a 15 to
20 day dose may be permitted under conditions where the
total dose for 10 days does not exceed 100 r.
2. The irradiation of personnel who have sustained
50 r at one time or 100 r over ten days is permitted during
the next two months only in extreme circumstances.
3. The safe time for personnel on contaminated
terrain is determined, as a rule, from the gamma radiation.
Beta radiation is considered only when, during measurements at
a height of 0.7m, the roentgenometer reading with the lid open
is double that with the lid closed. In the latter case
the safe dose of gamma radiation is decreased by 30 percent.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,407
Personnel radiation control is~organized in order to
determine the permissible exposure time for personnel op
contaminated terrain. Radiation control is either group
or individual.
Group radiation control is organized in all subunits
for the purpose of determining the average radiation dose
for personnel during operations on contaminated terrain.
Individual radiation control is conducted for more'
accurate determination of the radiation dose sustained
by individuals during operations on contaminated terrain.
Individual radiation control is. primarily carried out by
personnel of reconnaissance subunits and those subunits
charged with elimination of the aftereffects of an atomic
attack.
Group radiation control is carried out with the aid of
miniature ionization chambers and other means of radiation
control, with direct measurement of the radiation dose sus-
tained.
Individual radiation control is accomplished with the
aid of miniature ionization chambers from the individual
radiation control kit (DP-21) or with the aid of a pocket
dosimeter, with direct reading of the radiation dose. The
use of the miniature ionization chambers from the DP-21 kit
for individual radiation control does not remove the necessity
for simultaneous group radiation control.
The radiation dose for personnel in subunits can be
determined approximately from roentgenometer readings,
from the graph of total radiation dose (see below, Figure
166) or from radiation doses measured by means of indi-
vidual radiation control.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,407
Figure,164. Sketch of the Wake of a'-Radioactive Cloud and the
Radiation Levels on the Line of March of a Subunit
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650, 407
The most typical examples are given below for determining
the.radiation dose for personnel of a subunit on the basis of
roentgenometer?readings:
1. When crossing an area contaminated as a result
of radioactive fallout from the clodd of an atomic burst,
the radiation dose is determined by multiplying one half
the value of the maximum radiation level along the route
of march by the crossing time;
D = Zk RY max t ;
where D -- radiation dose in r;
Rymax -- maximum radiation (gamma) levels,
in r/hr
t -- crossing time in hours;
k -- coefficient of the attenuation of
radiation; for trucks, 2; for
armored personnel carriers, 4;
for tanks, 10.
For example, if the route of march is crossed by the
path of a radioactive cloud for a distance of 4 km with a
maximum radiation level Rymax - 60 r/hr (Figure 164), then,
during the movement of a subunit in armored personnel
carriers at a speed of 12 km/hr, the crossing time is: 'L 4 t v 12 - Pr
and the radiation dose sustained by personnel is:
D =2:4' 60 -a = 2.5r.
2. The radiation dose for personnel, when crossing
an area contaminated with radioactive material, is deter-
mined by multiplying the average radiation . level,R sr
along the route of march by the crossing time, t:~ 'i
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 20112/01/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
sFrRFT
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,407
The value of Ry sr , for measuring the radiation level
on a route of march at-equal intervals along the route, is
determined by the equation:
Ry (R yl / R12 / Rya / .../ Ryn)
where length of equal intervals on the line
of march in meters;
L = total length of route of march in meters;
RYl, Ry2, R.r3 values for radiation levels
in r/hr.
For example, in crossing a contaminated sector in trucks,
where L'= 4000 m (Figure 165), the radiation levels every
800 m (taking account of the coefficient of attenuation)
were-as follows:
Ry1 = 10 r/hr; RY2 = 12.5 r/hr; RY3 = 15 r/hr;
R.4 = 12 r/hr; Ry5 = 0.5 r/hr.
Crossing time t = v hr.
RY Qt .. = 48800 ( 10 7 12.5 / 15 / 12 / 0.5)
0.2 X 50 = 10 r/hr.
The radiation dose sustained by personnel is:
D 10 = 2.5 r.
Where the measurement of the radiation levels on the line
of march is made at irregular intervals, then the value Ry sr
is determined from the equaticln:
R ~l+ R J93 Qn
Rysr :-X-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSDB-3/650,407
Figure 165. Sketch of a Sector of Terrain Contaminated with
Radioactive MatQrial, and the Radiation Levels on the Route
of March. of a Subunit.
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A029700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
;'SDP 3/650, 407
3. During operations in a contaminated area, the radiation
dose, D, is determined by multiplying the average radiation level,
RYsr , by time, t, spent in that area:
D=RYsr t= Ry12Ry2t
For example, at the moment of occupying a firing position
by an artillery battery, the radiation level in the contami-
nated terrain was 504 r/hr, and after two hours (at the moment
the battery left the contaminated area) Ry2 2 r/hr.
Thus: Ry sr 5.4 , 2 = 2 = 3.7 r/hr; t = 2 hours;
D=3,7X2 =7.4r.
4. To determine the total dose (Dtl,t2), sustained by
personnel in a contaminated sector from the moment tl after
an atomic burst to moment t2, one may use the formula (204)
in Table 88.
For crossing the area of a surface atomic burst, the
total radiation dose may be determined by a graph (Figure 166).
From the: radiation doses measured by one member of a
unit (team, crew) with the aid of ionization chambers (or
other means of individual radiation control), one can esti-
mate the overall radiation sustained by all personnel of the
unit (team, crew).
Permissible exposure time for personnel on terrain con-
taminated by radioactive material from a surface atomic burst
depends on the radiation level and the established radiation
dose given in Table 148.
Radioactive contamination of terrain by an air atomic
burst (one where the fireball does not touch the surface of
the earth) does not actually influence troop operations.
Heavy contamination in this instance may occur only near
ground, zero during the first few hours after the burst.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
CSJYs-3/6509 407
In operations on terrain contaminated with radioactive
material one must consider the slow decline of the radiation
levels. In this case the permissible exposure time for per-
sonnelon contaminated terrain may be approximately estab-
lished by dividing the established radiation dose by the
magnitude of the radiation level on the given terrain, that
is:
D
t = NY ,
where: t -- permissible exposure time on contaminated
terrain, in hours;
D -- established radiation dose, in r;
R -- radiation level on the terrain in r/hr
a the moment of entry into the contaminated area.
Example: Determine the radiation dose sustained by per-
sonne TIe crossing the area of a burst one hour later in
trucks or riding on tanks at a distance of 600 meters from,
the center of the burst. On the graph, find the intersection
of the vertical line marked "1 hour" and the broken oblique
line marked "600 meters"; on the vertical axis of the graph
this point corresponds to a dose of 9.5 roentgens. When
crossing on foot, the radiation dose is determined in the
same way, but by'using the solid oblique line.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
U qq .q b0
0 0: N 0 O m
9y-1 bO +) cd N
?r?i N U) O 0 N 0+4
g0OA ~ ~a))V1414
0'
to cd v 0 A a cd
?r4 +3 14 cd cd .\ E3 cd C) to
.0-H4J4.1 byJ4 ^Nr-1.4
bb 0 0 0m 4) m 010'
(OOC)~-?U1 cdbic!
10,13 :1 0 14 0 0 +j CO
d rI 0 .CI a) t4 0 0 k a)
bA
?ri
U)
4 O
U r4
OP
a O
?r4 CH 4.)
?C U)
av~
A ~ 0
aa+2
OC)
Ur+w
0 0
A o
ago
.rq o&4 4)
4j -H
W !4
?r4 z)
?o~a
cd00
0
cdra
+2 Cd k
0
H 0 w 0)
0 0
44
a .0
cd
ti0
ttia~s
0
ri 0
b E U)
.r4 ?r4
W H
CSDB-3'/ 50,07
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IM S RET
CBDB-3/650,407
N
I
O
O O O
I I
O O O O O O O
I M d~ O rs M d' O
p-I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
N M eM i0 c0 C? 00 O O
O O O O O O O o r?i
O
O
I
-
W
O
0
O
d'
tO
r-II
O
M
O
0
0
1
0
O
O
N
O
}a
a
to
N
0
O
1
+)
O
0
0
0
0
H
d
+~
i-1
u0
Cr)
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
O
O
.1
N
N
Cr)
i0
00
0
N
TN
O I
C
?ci
Is 4?)
to
14 a4
If)
O
O
O
40
O
N
14
1
N
N
0
LO
CY)
0
N
M
O
0
q
?
d
H
Cr)
0
O
rl
cd O
r-4
I
k
J)
v?
VI
W
O
O
l0
O
O
O
O
?Cf
r I
M
M
O
O
O
O
fy od
rl
N
M
eN
cD
N .
O
0
4) $4
rs
'
?r4
y
O
u0
O
O
O
O
O
cad
O
M
M
M
M
O
O
O
?rl
RJ
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
To
H a)
H
N
Cr)
--I
0
tde
q
0
to
0
0
0
c
)
N
1
1
1
1
1
I
a
0 cd
O
O
O
O
O
A
cad U
r-I
N
Cr)
d
0
D
0
O
p
cd
. ~
a
~
c
c
Al
t
d 4
N
I
M
O
O
d
1
H
` N
TI
O
O
O
1
rs
O
O
H
ql
r-1
1
1
1
b
d
r?i
M
q
4)
r1
IA
N
O
u0
O
O
O
O
++
U
rr4 0) +' a - O
+J 4) d) +~ q
'd q q W
'~ 'd q q O O q ,.~
i1 O Ds
q r-1 q ~, ,s W +~
.) 4' +) 1
rI q 0) ~'
It i> O D.
.*
!s M O >b is W +) q
a) 4J 4J
E-4 Cd i +) r :21 93
0 0)
+3 +J O ~ +~ W
O A r1 W W
0
C) Is D+ W 1 to
U 4-), 00 1 ?rl
-H 4?1 0 +- 0 D, 91
? w 4)
d Ds
N r4 41
0 cd .c0 +~
r4
W
O
14 W
0)
O O Ed Ca q
~+ O q .0 0
O W CO q !U '~
(a 0
H 4-) O Q) H W D,
ES
N (+~ 43,
i~- 14 m 0) F q
'D N 4-)
H U
U)
CMD
En fX4
01
A A
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8
IRONBARK
rr s?cier
CSDB.3/650, 40?r
Example: An artillery battery occupies a firing position
on contaminated terrain 2 hours after an atomic burst. The
radiation level in the firing position at that time was 5 r/hr.
The radiation dose for personnel was established at 20r.
Solution:DUsing20the table, we determine that for the
correlation If = 3 = 4 and for a period of 2 hours of ter
the burst, the safe exposure time for the battery personnel
is 24 hours.
-16-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/13: CIA-RDP80T00246AO29700310001-8