GENERAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL DATA; ATOMIC ENERGY INSTALLATIONS AT KRASNOYARSK AND NIZHNIY TAGIL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A033200730001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 18, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 18, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United states within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U:s.C. secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is _prohibited by law.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
?ROCESSJNr C^ x1
COUNTRY USSR (Sverdlovsk Oblast (Krasnoyarsk REPORT
Kray) (Kazakh SSR) L
SUBJECT General Economic and Sociological Data; DATE DISTR.
Atomic Energy installations at
Krasrl6yarsk and5Jllizhniy Tagil NO. PAGES
REQUIREMENT
NO.
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
18 March 1957
1
RD
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G9 V5
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Imo. ,~~?
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTFNT I.
TFI.ITATI\/C
report containing gen6r .1,,_enohomi6 and sodiologr
Ica aaza -on.i ,ever ovs blast, Krasnoyarsk Kray, and Kazakh SSR. Included
in the report is a description of a Re
ion
l M
t
g
a
o
or Transport Base at Kzyl-Orda
(N 44-48, E 65-28). .:Atomic energy installations at Kral oyarsk (N 6-02, E 92-48)
and Nizhniy Tagil (N 57-54. E 60-00) arc r
f
a _
e
er
Y
STATE ARMY NAVY
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "
AIR.
X"; Field distribution by "#".)
AEC
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r i
SECT
Country: USSR
Subject: Political, military, economic, sociological data
A. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL SITUATION
(A
. . I. ? USSR
them vim appeared to be in a better mood and more satisfied more those
Sugar Ration for Political Deportees
Political deportees received kilogram of sugar per capita twice
years on 1 May and on 27 November.
Mood oft)ti Population
The Soviet peasants gave the im-
pression of being discontent, apathetic, and frightened. But'for all the
antipat]r they feel toward the regime, they dare not criticise it.. Those
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who belonged to the party and those who had never had an opportunity to
compare their own status with that of people in other countries.
Salaries
Salaries are not very high. Skilled workers receive 700-800 rubles
per month.
Crime
Robberies and armed assaults are frequent and occur even in population
centers. Deliuency is a natural result of the prevailing political
education, which is devoid of moral and religious restraints. There are
more than a few cases of attempted carnhl violence on the part of youths,
even minors. At Krasnoyarsk, a girl was strahgled when she resisted a
group of youths, and at the Kurbatovo %olkhos, where the source used to
work, same students of the seasonal labor brigades raped a girl student.
Deppite the complaints made by the girl's parent, the affair was hushed
up because, apparently, one of the ringleaders was the son of one of the
most influential members of the local section of the party.
Prostitution
The effects of Soviet materialistic education and of the destruction of
family affection are felt in the moral and social fields. Prostitution is
widespread, although it is not officially approved of.
national
Another withholding is the i4come tax, which is established at 25 rubles
for any worker who earns about 600 rubles per month. Actually, of a gross
monthly pay of 700 rubles, the worker retains only 510 rubles, after add-
ing his labor union and party dues to the abovementioned withholdings.
Taxes and Withholds
A worker who earns over 700 rubles per month must subscribe to the
loan at the rate of 6 percent of his pay each month. Workers with
children are exempted from this obligation.
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Medical and Dental Care
Medical and dental care is free of charge. However, anyone who wants
a dental gold prosthesis must supply the necessary gold to the dentist.
Malversation
Cases of speculation are frequent and almost tolerated. Even the
authorities, who are themselves mob averse to committing acts detrimental
to the state, are not too efficient in the financial control of enter-
prises. At Kepetova (in the Ukraine), it was known to all that the local
miller used to sell flour illegally and no one ever punished him for this
activity.
Malenkov
He left a very good impression of himself, especially with regard to
the economic policy which he initiated in favor of the less wealthy.
Church and Clergy
It is not forbidden to
to church. Religion is practiced to a
limited extent because the party tries to make people forget it by dis-
crediting it. The clergy is not independent because it is administered
by the state, which practically holds it in its fist: it may be said that
in the USSR even the clergy is in the service of the state. aw
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This is known as the kolkhoz of Kurbatov0 after the name of the
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district in which it is located. It is located about 5 kilometers south
of the town.
The area under cultivation amounts to about 25 square kilometers.
The kolkhoz comes under the jurisdiction of the local branch of the
state agricultural organization.
The kdlkhoz is run by the following personnel: a president, a
brigade leader, a book-keeper, a store keeper, and overseer, and two
drivers. Some of them were disabled war veterans.
At planting and harvest time, students and office workers, including
women are recruited; the latter normally work in other, nonagricultural
state enterprises. Since their training in agriculture is limited and
superficial, they take lessons in which they are taught cultivation,
harvesting, threshing, etc. Large amounts of money are spent for this
training.
Seasonal workers receive one kilogram of bread per capita daily.
The kdlkhoz reeves its seed supplies from the state agricultial
organization, to which it later delivers its products in amounts propor-
tionate to the amount of seed received. In connection with this there
are preestablished quotas which must be fulfilled under any circumstances.
It often happens that production exceeds the preestablished quotis
because of the richness of the soil and despite the very bad treatment
it received from inexpert and listless hands. In such case the manage-
ment 6f the ko]ldzoz knows what to do: it delivers only the required amounts
and retains the surplus for itself.
The kolkhoz has tractors, plows, and all other technical means needed.
These implements become inoperative in just a few years, owing to the fact
that they receive no care.
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Those who run the ko]Jdoz steal to an excessive extent. Despite
the fact that percentage bonuses are provided for high productivity, the
manager and the members prefer to take care of themselves, to a very generous
extent, instead of waiting for the promised bonus for economy and pro-
ductivity.
reduced to 510 after withholdings.'-
The kolldioz produces barley, oats, sunflowers, potatoes, carobs,
poppies, and resin.
The personnel of every kolkhoz are under the cars of a physician
who provides treatments and medicines free of charge. Anyone who re-
quires hoppitalalization does not pay for it, but anyone who is sick
at home must pay a small fee to the physician, who, after his regular
work for the state, can practice privately at night.
II. INDUSTRY
I. SOVIET WAR INDUSTRY
Atomic Plant (Atom 2avod1 at Krasnoyarsk (as of 1955)
The following informatian is based on
hearsay, not on direct observation.)
The plant is a veritable small city occupying a very large area
where atomic studies are kaown to be conducted.
The plant is locatdd no more than 12 kilometers from the city
The personnel employed at the plant came from various cities of the
USSR. The plant employ. tout 5,000 persons.
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BEGET
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Atomic Resegrch Institute at N~ a 1 (as of 12,54)
It is not actually certain whether this is an atomic study and
experimentation center or a plant producing atomic machinery.
The plant is located in a wooded area.
Construction work on the plant was done by political exiles who
upon completion of the pro ect were sent to areas from which they can
never leave.
Self-Propelled Combine Plant at Krasnoyarsk (as of 1955) I-
The plant is located near the main railroad station. It employs
about 10,000 workers and produces agricultural machinery and artillery.
Arms and Artillery Plant at Irbit (as of 1951)
Located almost in the center of town. P
Tractor and Tank Plant (Traktori Zavod) at Stalingrad (as of 1953)
This is the same plant which was destroyed during the wear and has
since been completely rebuilt.
The plant is located about 12 kilometers from the city, toward the
north beyond Martinovski suburb, where the blast
furnaces of the local foundry are visible. 25X1
Plant No 25 at Irbit (as of 1951)
Located at the center of the city. It employs about 2,500 workers
and produces light and medium-sized 3-ton tracks.
Plant Producing Special Wood for Aircraft Construction at, Tavda (as of
October 1951)
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It processes and produces a special, very hard wood called "Delta," used
Located about 3 kilometers from Tavda. It employs about 10,000 workers
in constructing aircraft cock-pits.
Cellulose Plant at Turinsk (as of 1945 [sic])
Turinsk is located between Irbit and Tavda. F
Ta
Among the existing plants there isf an aircraft plant. At Nisniy
7
1 (Loner Ti ) there is also a large foundry.
Some war Plants were transferred to Tiksi during World War II.
2. SOVIET CIVILIAN INDUSTRY
Krasnoyarsk Industrial Suburb (as of 1955)
The major industrial plants are located in the Slobina area.
Motorcycle Plant at Irbit (as of 1952)
This is a large plant producing large cylinderci,mplacement motor-
cycles. It is equipped Frith F___]machinery.
Plant Producing Radio Cabinets at Potma (as of 1953) 1[/C
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Locates on the outskirts of the city.
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E. NATIVE POWER
USSR
oelectric Plant at Kraanoya sk (as of 1956) I
Under construction since the beginning of 1956. It has three feeding
points, as tollowe:
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1. The first, perhaps the largest, is located kilometers son
;P
k,11- L
wat.
of the city, along the
Cam;
2. The second is located at Porg)((there there are large -waterfalls),
about 200 kilometers north of Krasnoyarsk. ,D 1-c1r "r
3. The third is even farther north, at the conflueneeeof the Angara
and nisse# rivers.
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II. tt8R
Motor Transport Industry
Regional Motor Transport Base (Oblastnaya Basa) at ICzr1- Orda
The base is a state agency, with its own transport unit, which uses
its own motor transport equipment to transport, among other things, the
various supplies needed by the local kolkhoz.
This is the only agency of its type in the Kzyl-Orda administrative
district and provides for all local government and civilian transporation
The procedure followed for the request and supply of transport equip-
ment is as follows: the tolkhoz addresses its request to the motor pool
of the base
(9blagenstva ; ICjttoremontntvji~stieraksYwhich, after receiving
approval from the agency's area headquarters, with its ova equipment satis-
fies the needs of the Kolkhoz. The latbr pays the base by depositing the
proper amount at the National Bank to the base's account.
The base employs about 100 persons (mechanics, drivers, and office
workers). It has about 50 Zia
trucks of various sizes.
NY y
and GAJ (GosudarstvoNAv.o.obiliNyZavod)
The only fuel dump in the city located near and administered by the
base. This dump supplies not only the base's own transport unit, but also
the city's taxis Sassametri" literally means taxi meters] and four busses.
A corporal of the transport company receives 600-800 rubles per month
for an unestablished total number of daily working hours.
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 'Unidentified infantry unit at 1Csyl*Orda in 1953. Billeted in barracks
located near the public market, now the Sirdaria river. Coomarded by a
lieutenant colonel.tgeeree