1. AIR FORCE BOMBARDIER TRAINING 2. BOMBSIGHTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A034600070001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 5, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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11MMT
COUNTRY Hrtngar7
SUBJECT H u n g a r i a n Air Foray B a e d Vr 1d1
and Bva6 Sights
DATE OF INFORMAT
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DATE DISTR.g AW.1957
NO. OF PAGES 6
REFERENCES:
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50X1-HUM
Hungarian Air Force Bombardier
Training and Bomb Sights
Bombardier Training
50X1-HUM
armuents ew about 112-114 hours First in then
and then in the TU-2.
Bombing System
bombing systems in the TU-2 and
the IL-28,
very simi-
ized the same bomb-release mechanisms, which were vthe DER type -
shackles, and which released electro-pyrotechnically. Salvo
release could be obtained electrically or mechanically. The
DER 19 was used with small bombs, up through 250 kg.in size.
The DER 21, which was identical to the DER 19 but about one-
third larger, carried up to 2000-kg.bombs. On the IL-28 there
were four longerons running through the tbomb' bay.". They were
spaced about equally, with the upper two being at approximately
the 10:30 and 13:30 position. The DER-21 was attached to these
upper two longerons when carrying 500-kg.bombs or larger.
There were three equally spaced positions for the DER-21 on each
longeron in the TU-2 and four in the IL-28. When carrying 250-
kg.bombs the DER-21 shackles were removed and a "V"_shaped rail
was used instead. It was located in the top center and ran the
full length of the bombbayj it was held in place by the same re-
tainer on the longeron that held the DER-21 shackles. Three DER
19 shaekles were mounted side-by-side on the "Y" rail as shown
belowa
1 y
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1 1
11
...yam iu me
nol knee in TUW2)001uster 2 )s Wwwk Cp' )MIartt
slve 25C 'k ba bs. o~'? aas1st` i ce ' it~lffIj ted
_' si a stekl cable glmebt- NVOth 150 4WO
dl
ba tswom :the boats, as itt Abo t re W4 ted
I
cable was -a revs or eye -belt tit=' *Orl h ;. + ..t1h-i, n pie
that a triangmis r wide. oenl'd be " el , lu p bi i~bn =r1t6b
dabs. ay depre rsimg a uvor :in . - wedge, it ' was slid up into
the desired position between the bombs.
dabs Used
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bombs used by the 50X1-HUM
an orce were either Soviet, or..
Hongarian produced copies. a following types.-and sizes were
k
in the Hungarian stoc
kpiles.
I
Fragmentation. ..o...vro?.o?.e,. 5, 25, 50, 100, 250
High $xplosive..,e....r......e 50, 100, 250, 500
Armor-,Piercing ..............b. 50, 100, 250
Incendiary, ......,f.e.......... 5, 25, 50, 100, 250
For Bridges ................... 50, 100
Illumination .....e?............25, 100
Fragmentation & Incendiary..,. 5, 25, 50, 100, 250
HS and Inaendiary,..,,...fq... 50, 500
Chemical and Fragmentation.... 5, 25, 50, 100,250
Air Mines.,.......,......,.... 500, 2000
Mother Bomb ................... 500, 1000
Chemical +
.7 t~l'~ fi
against r ges a one grapnel hook welded on at 90 degrees on
,.either side of the carrying hook to slow or stop the bomb in
order to obtain maximum damage. The illuainatitiit bombs useda
parachute and had a maximum bur" time of approximately five
.minutes. t A
F and frag-
mentation nce ary an oil or other
liquid fuel was, used to o a n he incendiary effect, The chem.
teal fragmentation bomb was reportedly very deadly. Air mines
contained a much higher percentage of explosive'than H.S. types,
.Time fuses were used with it to obtain air burst. A few of the
older types were spherical but the majority had conventional
shapes. The mother bomb had conventional fine, an impact fuse,
and scattered small fragmentation or H.B, bombs 'when it ex-
ploded after striking the ground. These were for troops or other ohemi-
cal-bomb on y as 1 pus, 2 IF re imown lpluspand . these ontained 'very tny111k___7 es*
m conventional shapes.
somb Fuses
fusing and all
b
all H.B. bombs above 100 kV could use side
ombs above that size had to have at least
e bomb for use
50X1-HUM
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S?
two fuses. 11 AV Isn" used
id
e
s
e fusing sinc
they haa
nose fuse
e a 500-kg. I.B, bomb
'
50X1-HUM
with three
s a uses Plus the nose and tai ss.
Re
t om s, g'ard ng larpr
those of one-ton six* *j t use as
man
as
50X1-HUM
50X1
HUM
y
ve o seven sea* the
quantity of fuses was to assure Pon ve a ona on
-
50X1-HUM
ra r than
a higher order of detonation. The side fuses were usually the
time-fuse type that used a powder train for delay after the
flew off after a very few turns (a rough sketch resembled the
AQDT). They were held in the safe position, in the airs
b a s
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own c emio
rk attached to the same beam as the shackle,
another type of side fuse contained a vial
al which acted on a membran
r
b
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e,, afte
striking t
ground, to obtain delay action.
.Bomb Sight 0PB-iC
(newer t nnsthewOPBgin?PB-i, 1D iC, and OPB-10. - -? p {-la was
e au opilot was hydratoitic ~l sec was elebtrioal but 50X1-HUM
on Ina-InNtfww I 1C' siglitl Isherti
was used In the IL-20 ?nal lens. The _tL of the 1-.C i
~~4 The only refinem.nt
-] 0 10 a ro stick located somewhere onwtop of theiatoon of a vertii oon? 50X1-HUM
near where the eye-piece was located, which motor henism, 50X1-HUM
dier to permitted d the botibar-
aft toward the target during the bombing
run. 4.1%
- -o~ ~??a V U 5J.gi35T1?n. e ? - 50X1-HUM
were a few minor refine diti
run in 1 seconds, a - `i4m Q?W1ew a bomb
o
sidered satisfactory.go d one in 20 seconds; 3O4eoonds was cop.
---. vs.a vrp-1v cigar, Numbers in
parentheses refer to numbers on the sketch,
Prism Drive Shaft - flexible steel cable.
Lens
Search and Track Knob.
Lens
1o Mind-Direction Indicator
Stop Watch - for measurin
! ground speed and actual the 4f
fall
.
.(12) Wind-Direction Knob
5I Computor - for fixed-angle bombing. 50X1-HUM
grantees Ift"a'a
.. ...._
Wind Speed indicatorcorrectedabyOao p power.
Drift Tnd4 naF.,.. y mputor.
9 Mind-peed Anal
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50X1-HUM
Wind-Speed Knob
around Speed Knob and Indicator
Xolnb Characteristics Knob and Scale
Light Switch.- for dials.
Lens Heater Switch
Static Air Inlet
Rain Air Inlet
Concave lens
Bomb-release switch
Right urn Signal Button
Left-Turn Signal Button
Lens
Mount
Lens - with dot in center.
Prism
Scale In Lens System - calibrated in degrees.
Sighting-Angle Index
Release-Angle Index
Base Plate
Release Pedal
On the right side of the computer, and not shown, was the on-oft . 50X1-HUM
switch and the Delta height knob and scale. This Delta height
scale was used when the target height was known. Regarding the
bomb characteristics knob, all bombs had a
characteristics value of either, 19, 20,or 21, with the latter
being the better setting. Left and right turn push-button type
switches were mounted on the aide of the function box. They
signalled the pilot during the bomb run in case of radio failure.
The right-turn button flashed a green light and the other a red
light. The bomb-release button on the junction box could also 50X1-HUM
be made to operate the type AFA-1M camera during practice bomb-
ing. The impact point was calculated from the photo. The field
of vision of the optics was 15 degrees in diameter. The optics
could be moved through 123 degrees, with the forward most ?
tion of the cross hair being 1.5 degrees above horisontal.
there were no provisions in the sight to oorreo or
arose trail. This error was considered negligible unless winds. 50X1-HUM
were unusually high, under which conditionJwould estimate the
necessary upwind distance. The fixed angle computor mechanism
located on top of the sight was mechanically connected to the 50X1-HUM
release-angle index and actually moved when the eight was oper-
ated automatically. When fixed-angle bombing was used, the com-
putor moved the index to the desired release angle, During
tracking the sighting index stopped when it reached the release
angle index. By keeping the target in the upper field of vision
the bombardier could have as much as degrees warning time
prior to bomb release. the oomputor housing to 50X1-HUM
be about 25 cm. square, the eye-piece to be about 10 om.high, the
periscope to be about 40 cm. long and six cm.wide.
Bomb Sight OPB-1D
knobs on the OP-lD a an
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instrument 1brward of the eyepiece was the stop watch. The
knob on the right side of..the eyepiece column was the search-
track knob. On the left side of the column was the instrument
light rheostat and the lens heater switch. The knob on the
right side of the computor was the bomb characteristics knob.
The forward knob on the left side
t altitude knob. F_
e e ee diAl on
roo o e compu or ous ng4 Point
(8 of Inclosure 1 on the OP - ,was identical to this. After
all information was set intb the si t, one could turn the dial
to the magnetic heading to whichntended to make the bomb- 50X1-HUM
ing run and read the degree of drift for that particular heading.
The sight was then rotated the proper amount in the base plane.
Wind speed was read from the window just forward of the compass
dial. The toggle switch on the computor was the automatic-manual
(on-off) switch.
IL-28
e rAil urret had 2X 12.7-MM
UEK guns with 150 rounds each.
was a mechanical-optical type ou gyro
below the sight there was a rectangular pla e w eh contained a
longitudinal slot. Alois the edge of the slot was a range of
airspeeds which represented the speed of the 50X1-HUM
attacking aircraft . The speed of the attacker was set into the
sight by a set-screw located in the slot which Was moved to the
proper position9thereby positioning the rod that connected it
with the sight. When the guns were moved the ends -
ta
r 50X1-HUM
proauction or the IL-26 was being stopped due to defects in its
construction. They reportedly kept blowing up, during runup, in
the air, or landings etc. It anDeared that no specific cause
could be found. production had been
stopped once in 1955 but we
with which to replace it.
the IL-28 could carry an at
sma
medium,and large types, but L: :he 70 was actually deaiQnw
to carry the atonic bomb. I
Atomic Warfare
10
the Soviets now had an atomic weapon which would permit troops
to enter the area 30 minutes after detonation.
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
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the Soviets had
ll,
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50X1-HUM
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