BERENTE POWER PLANT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A035000410001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 1, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 13, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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. CENTRAL. INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains Information affecting the National Defence of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage laws. Title
U. Q.S.C. Secs. 793 and M. the tranamisdon or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorised person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY ' KUngary
I
SUBJECT Berente Power Plant
WURGE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
six-page report on the Berente
power plant, with emphasis on a description of the technical equipment
such as boilers, turbines, generators., regulathra, transformers, etc.
The following illustrations accompany the reports
1. Water conditioning unit (layout sketch);
2. Power plant with technical equipment (layout sketch);
3. Automatically operated boiler (commercial print);
4. Long-distance view of Berente power plant (photograph);
5. Boiler room and smokestack (photograph):
6. Boiler and turbine rooms (photograph);
7. Berente railroad yards and power plant (photograph);
8. Village of Berente and incomplete gas plantjphotograph);
9. Coal storage yard and conveyor system (photograph);
10. Coal storage yard, coal-sorting plant, nitrogen plant, and
barracks for laborers (photograph);
11. Coal atora$e yard, conveyor system., coal-sorting plant, and
towers of nitrogen plant .(photograph).
3-E-C-R-E-T
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1. The Berente Thermal Power Plant is located outside the village
of Berente, Hungary (48 14 N; 20 40 8), just off the road between
Berente and Sajoszentpeter (48 13 N; 20 43 E. The power plant
building in which the technical equipment is housed is a concrete
structure, most of which was poured at the site. The only other
separate structure in connection with the power plant is the
building in which the water used to produce steam for the power
plant is cleaned and prepared. This building is also of concrete.
Construction of the power plant is believed to have commenced
sometime during the latter part of 1952. Since most of the DDR
technicians who are erecting and adjusting the technical equipment
at the plant are scheduled to return to their respective firms
in the DDR about the end of March 1957 it is believed that the
project will be completed and in full operation by that time.
Reportedly the Berente power plant will be the largest in
Hungary and will produce 210,000 KWH of electricity. Attention
taken
is invited to the attached photographs of the power plant during
various stages of its construction, and the immediate
surrounding area.
2. Use to which the elctrical product will be put: The electricity
produced by the Berente power plant will be put to the following
uses. The power;dplant will be tied into and all power delivered
to the ring not surrounding Budapest. Power from the plant will
also be used in the electrification of the Budepest/Miskolcz
railroad, which will be electrified by an overhead power-line
system. Power will also be produced for export and at the time
of the observation power from Berente was being exported to
Czechoslovakia. Reported -~bxport to Czechoslovakia at that
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as for the purpose of accumulating Czech currency exchange to
help pay for the turbine equipment installed at Berente, which
was of Czech origin.
3. Water Supply: Water for the power plant is drawn from two
local sources. The main source of water supply is a huge
underground lake located in the immediate vicinity of Berente,
from which water is sucked up directly to the water preparation
one of
building, which is indicated on the attached sketches. It was
reported that the underground lake is so large that even *a
extremely dry years there will be no shortage of water. A
secondary
7 source of water for the plant is the Sajoszentpeter stream
which flows directly by the plant. The water preparation plant
will also supply sufficient drinking water for the village of
Berente.
4. Fuel: Either coal or fuel oil can be utilized for fuel at the
Berente power plant as the boilers are constructed for conversion
-lignite or brown
to either type of fuel. Basically coal will be utilized for fuel
because oil is too expensive. Most of the coal is supplied from
local mines which are at a distance of about 3 km, however,
since this source of coal does not supply a sufficie t amount,
some coal is brought in by railro-d. The source of these
additional requirements is unknown.
5. Technical Equipment: The power plant when completed will h've
ten boilers and six turbines and other technical equipment as
follows:
a. Boilers: The boilers are the product of the VEB Bergmann-
Borsig, which is located in Wilhelmsruh in East Berlin.
The boilers were installed, however, by an unknown VEB
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firm located in Cottbus in the DDR. The boilers are
all brand new and are capable of producing 100 tons
of steam per hour at 82 atu. At the time of the last
observation six boilers were completed and in operation,
two were under construction, and the other two were at
the plant but were not ye.t butmV installed. The type of
boiler in use at Berente is commonly referred to as the
Kohlenstaub - or Muehlenstaubkessel (coal dust boilers).
The only difference between the boilers at Berente and
the boiler indicated on the attached prospectus is that
instead of three mechanisms for beating coal into coal
dust the boilers at Berente have four such mechanisms,
one at each corner, as indicated on attached sketch.
b. Turbines: The turbines are of Czech origin, however, the
name of the firm which constructed them is unknown. They
were installed by Hungarian.-technicians. At the time of
the last observation the installation of three turbines
had been completed, and they were in operation. The
installation of the three additional turbines had not yet
commenced. Each turbine is capable of producing 35,000
KK7H of power. All turbines were brand new.
c. Generators: The generators, of which there are also six,
were also of Czech origin, however, the firm which produced
them is unknown. No further information is known concerning
the generators. At the time of the last observation three
of the generators were installed and in operation, while
installation of the remaining three had not yet commenced.
The generators were all brand new.
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d. Automatic Regulating and Measuring Apparatus: The automatic
regulating and measuring apparatus for the boiler system
is. the product of the VEB Geraete- and Regler-?"erke Teltow,
near
which is located /--fast Berlin. The regulating and
measuring apparatus was installed at Berente by this same
firms technicians. A prospectus showing this equipment
and giving some of its technical aspects is attached.
e. Transformers: Six brand-new transformers, of unknown origin,
were installed by Hungarian technicians. No further
information is known concerning the transformers.
40 f. V'ater Preparation Jnit: The water preparation and cleaning
unit,,.which is located in a separate building, is the
product of the VEB Bathenau, which is located in East Berlin.
This same firm's technicians also installed the water
preparation and cleaning equipment. No further information
is known about this equipment.
g. Turbo-pumps and Electro-pumps: A total of 8 turbo-pumps
and 4 elr~ctro-pumps, all brand new, were installed by
technicians from the firm VEB Turbo-Dresden, the same firm
which produced them. Nothing further is known about this
pumping equipment.
(Hochdruckle i tun:7en )
h. High-pressure Pipes: All high-pressure pipps/at the plant
were installed by Pohrleitungsbau-FINOW of East Berlin. 25X1
All of the high-pressure pipes
are constructed of steel, have a W 6`rreter
25X1
i~~~slll of about X15 mm, and a thickness of from
12 to 14 mm.
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25X1
? i. Fuel Conveyor-belt System: The fuel conveyor-belt system,
which conveys fuel coal from the open-air coal-yard at the
plant, to coal hoppers over the boilers, was constructed by
the firm VEB-Stahlbau Leipzig. No further information is
known about the conveyor-belt system. Attention is invited
to several of the attached photographs which show the
adjacent coal-yards and the conveyor-belt system.
Future Plans: The present main building is approximately 40
meters in width by approximately 120 meters in length and has
three smokestacks, each of which was estimated to be about 45
meters in height. At the time of the last observation only
two of these smokestacks momm had been completed, however, the
third stack was about half completed. The south wall of the
main power plant building, in which the boilers and turbines
are housed, is not of permanent construction, but only a
temporary structure. This was done because plans call for
eventual enlargement of the building with sufficient space
for two more boilers and one more turbine. This will, of course,
require the construction of one additional smokestack. 25X1
7. Plant Management: The Hungarian general manager of the plant
was Ing. Janos VARGA
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8. Photographs, a prospectus, and sketches are attached.
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Regler fur
0 Belastung
0 Verbrennungsluft
0 Heif3dampftemperatur
0 Feuerroumdruck
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de la temperatura del
vapor recalentado
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Control of
Fuel feed
Combustion
Desuperheating
Furnace draught
Feed water level
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Kurze technische Beschreibung der umseitig dargestellten Regelung eines Dampfkessels mit MOhlenfeuerung.
Die Anpassung der Dampferzeugung an den Dampfbedarf ist insbesondere bei plotzlichen groBeren Lastschwonkungen
eine Aufgabe, die Burch reinen Handbetrieb schwer bewaltigt werden kann. Die hierdurch bedingten UnregelmaBigkeiten
in der Feuerung verursachen Wirkungsgradverluste; die Kessel werden mit ihren Feuerungseinrichtungen starker bean-
sprucht and die dabei unvermeidlichen Dampfdruckschwankungen wirken sich nachteilig fur den Betrieb des Kraftwerkes
aus. Durch eine automatische Regleranlage kann nun unabhangig von Lastschwankungen stets dos Gleichgewicht zwischen
der Warmezufuhr Burch die Brennstoffe and der Warmeabgabe durch die erzeugte Dampfmenge aufrechterhalten werden.
Die dargestellte Regleranloge, die nati rlich nur als Beispiel aus der Vielzahl von moglichen Ausfuhrungsarten angesehen
werden kann, hat innerhalb des Burch die Feuerungseinrichtungen zugelassenen Lastbereiches folgende Aufgaben zu
erfOl len :
1. Die dem Kessel in Form von Brennstoff unter Zugobe von Luft zugefuhrte Energie dem Warmebedarf anzupassen.
2, Dos Verhaltnis von Brennstoff and Verbrennungsluft so einzustellen, daB bei jeder Belastung eine wirtschaftliche Ver-
brennung gewahrleistet ist.
3. Eine bestimmte Dampftemperatur hinter den Dampfkuhlern einzuhalten,
4. Entsprechend den Betriebsverh6ltnissen einen konstanten Druck im Feuerroum aufrechtzuerhalten.
5. Einen bestimmten Wasserstand in der Kesseltrommel einzuhalten.
Der links vor dem Kessel stehende Regler- and Uberwachungsschrank enthalt auBer den fur die obigen Regelaufgaben
erforderlichen Reglersteuerwerken eine Reihe von anzeigenden, registrierenden and signalisierenden Instrumenten and
Gersten fur die Betriebsi berwachung, ferner alle Bedienungselemente wie Schalter, Fernsteuerhdhne, Mc3stellen-
schalter usw. Dem Kessel sind drei Kohlenstaubmuhlen zugeordnet, die den Brenrfstoff aus Bunkern Ober Kohlenzuteiler
zugefuhrt erhalten. Von diesen Bunkern and Zuteilern ist in der Abbildung nur je einer dargestellt.
Im folgenden soil die Funktion der einzelnen Regler in der oben angefi hrten Reihenfolge kurz beschrieben werden.
1. Belastungsregelung
Diese Regelung hat die Aufgabe, die Brennstoffzufuhr zu den MOhlen and damit zu dem Kessel der jeweiligen Belastung
entsprechend anzupassen, wobei angenommen sei, daB nur ein Kessel vorhanden and zu regeln ist (bei mehreren Kesseln
ist der Einsatz eines Kommandogebers erforderlich). Im vorliegenden Falle sind ein Hauptbelastungsregler and drei Be-
lastungsregler vorgesehen. Der erstere erhalt seinen Impuls aus der HeiBdampfleitung and bewirkt bei Lastonderungen
and dem sich daraus ergebenden Druckabfall bzw. -anstieg Ober einen Stellzylinder mit gekuppeltem Impulsgeber-
gestange die Impulsabgabe an die einzelnen Belastungsregler. Jeder dieser Belastungsregler betatigt einen Stellzylinder,
der das regelbare Getriebe am Kohlezuteiler der jeweiligen Belastung entsprechend verstellt. Zur Erfassung der zuge-
fuhrten Kohlenmenge dient je ein mit dem Kohlezuteiler gekuppelter McBkompressor, dessen McBiuft-Fordermenge Ober
Staurander auf das McBsystem des Belastungsreglers geleitet, die Stabilisierung des Regelvorganges bewirkt. Die ROck-
fuhrung am Hauptbelastungsregler erfolgt Burch Kupplung mit dem vorerwahnten Impulsgebergestange.
2. Verbrennungsregelung
Der Verbrennungsregler hat die Aufgabe, eine der Belastung bzw. der zugeteilten Kohlenmenge entsprechende Ver-
brennungsluftmenge Burch Verstellen einer Drosselklappe in der Frisch luftzuleitung des Kessels auszusteuern. Dieser
Regler erhalt seinen Impuls von einem Summierungsstaurand, an welchem die von den drei MeBkompressoren kommen-
den McBluftmengen zusammengefi hrt werden and die dos MaB fur die Gesamt-Kohlenmenge darstellen. Der auf das
MeBsystem des Reglers geleitete Differenzdruck bewirkt, daB der vom Reglersteuerwerk betatigte Stellzylinder die Dros-
selklappe in der Frisch luftzuleitung so verstellt, daB dem Kessel die erforderliche Luftmenge zugefuhrt wird. Dos dem
Heizwert des Brennstoffes entsprechende gunstigste Brennstoff-Luftmengen-Verhaltnis kann am Regler genau eingestelit
werden. Der zur Stabilisierung benotigte ROckfi hrwert wird als Differenzdruck von MeBstellen vor and nach dem Luft-
vorwarmer abgenommen and auf dos zweite MeBsystem des Reglers geleitet.
3. HeiBdampftemperatur-Regelung
Durch these Regelung erreicht man, daB eine bestimmte HeiBdampftemperatur innerhalb enger Grenzen hinter dem
Dampfki hler aufrechterhalten wird. Der Regler besteht aus einem Anbauthermostaten mit einem Quarzstab, der zusam-
men mit dem Steuerwerk an der HeiBdampfleitung befestigt ist.
Durch die unterschiedliche thermische Langenausdehnung der Rohrieitung and des Quarzstabes wird dos Strohlrohr aus-
gelenkt and das mit dem Stellzylinder gekuppelte Regelventil in der KOhlwasserzuleitung so lange verstellt, bis die ein-
gestellte Temperatur hinter dem Dampfkuhler wieder erreicht ist.
4. Feuerraumdruckregelung
Um die Rauchgasabfuhr zu sichern and ein Qualmen des Kessels zu verhindein, muB bei alien Belastungen ein kon-
stanter Unterdruck im Feuerraum aufrechterhalten werden, Der Regler erhalt den Impuls aus dem Feuerraum and wirkt
auf eine Drosselklappe im Rauchgoskanal. Der Regler arbeitet stabil and benotigt keine besondere ROckfuhrungsein-
richtung.
5. Wasserstandsregelung
Die Wirkungsweise dieses Reglers beruht auf dem Prinzip der Vergleichsmessung zwischen einem konstanten Wasser-
spiegel in einem mit der Kesseltrommel verbundenen KondensgefaB and dem veranderlichen Wasserspiegel in der
Trammel. Jede Veronderung in der Hohendifferenz zwischen den beiden, auf ein Hochdruckmembran-MeBsystem wir-
kenden Wassersdulen bewirkt eine Auslenkung des Strahlrohres and damit eine Verstellung des mit dem Speisewasser-
Regelventil verbundenen Stellmotors.
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TELTOW BEI BERLIN.
(l nCDCTDACCC 7A.7L TCI CC C1N TI=ITrW NR 561-567
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Brinte railroad station (sign visible just over the
head of person to the right in thn foreground).
Berente po-^er plant visible at upper left corner of
photograph as it looked about the end of 1955.
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Pou r pl-qrt at Berente si onin~ the bcil,~r room and
smokestacl Photograph taken about May 1955. The
smokestacks are along the Past side of the h.iilding.
The open and of the boiler-rrcm shown in the photograph
is the Mouth and of tha building.
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Berente power plant showing th- boiler anc', turboni
rooms from the south and of thi building. The high
masts shown on both sides of the building are
construction cranes which ware in use during the
c :?nstruction of the building. Photo taken '.ay 1'1)15.
Boiler visible in the boiler-room.
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Enrente railroad yards in fore7round. Berente
poi^wer plant visible just to right of cintergrmund.
Two srokestacks co"-pleted, third about half completed
at the time the photograph leas taken. This is a view
of the North and rest sides of the building. Photo
taken either daring October 1955, or shortly thereaft'r.
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Village of Berente in the background. S !okestac'
in the centerground is part of a gasplant i*Lich ;vas
under construction but which .RTas never completed.
Barracks in the foreground were used to house l-hor-!rs
working at the power plant.
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Berente pov, 9r nnlant coal storage yards are shcwn in the foreground
of the photograph. To the right of the coal storaga yards, running
from the centergrcund to the foreground of the photograph, is the
fuel conveyor-belt system for conveying coal from the coal yards to
the power plant hoppers. The two circular towers in th- left back-
ground of the photograph are part of a nitrogen plant located at
Berente. The triangular shaped construction, the conveyor system,
and the large construction to the right of the triangular construction,
shown approximately in the centerground of the photograph, are all
part of a coal sorting plant (tipple) in Berente.
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Berente po,~T?r plant coal storage yards - right foreground.
Co>al sorting plant (tipple) - right centerground.
Two circular towers in th- centergrouund are part of
the nitrogen plant located in Berantp.
Barracks in left foreground were used to billet laborers
working at the Berente power plant during its
construction.
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Berente po~rr plant coal storage yards in center roimd
of photograph. Right, foreground of photograph shows
the conveyor-belt system used for conveying coal to the
power plant hoppers. The coal sorting (tipple) plant
is shown in the back centerground of the photograph.
The two circular toners of the nitrogen plant are shown
in the left background of the photograph. (NOTR: The
coal sorting plant is a separate installation from the
power plant and has no direct connection with the power
plant).
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