SOVIET TECHNICAL PAMPHLETS ON SPUTNIKS, SPACE RESEARCH USING SPUTNIKS, AND THE GAZ-47 (A CROSS COUNTRY VEHICLE)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A046900240001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 59
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 1, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 18, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL '1 INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
AEC
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Soviet Technical Pamphlets on Sputniks, DATE DISTR.
Space Research Using Sputniks
and the GAZ747,'c/. e o--- a?aw? / ) NO. PAGES
REFERENCES RD
INFO.
PLACE &
These pamphlets can be treated as UNCLASSIFIED when removed from the-- o'erifig"VepoTt.
1. Per e Sovetskiye Iskusstvenn Sputniki Zemli (The First Soviet
Artificial Satellites
2. Korotkovolnoyoye Izlucheniye Solntsa (Short-Wave Radiation.of the Sun).
3. Fiziologicheski e Issledovani a.na Sovetskom Sputnike Zemli.(Physiological
Research by the Soviet Sputnik).
4. Fiziologicheskiye Issledovaniya na?Raketakh.(PhysiologicalResearch by
6. Geofiz'ichesk Konte er dlya Issledovaniya Verkhne Atmosfery (Geophysical
Container for Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere).
7. Izmereni Elektronnoy Kontsentratsii (Measurements of the Electronic
Concentration).
8. Izucheniye Kosmicheskikh Luchey (Study of the Cosmic Rays).
9. Raketn Sktrograf (Rocket Spectrograph).
10. Radiochastotnyy Mass-Spektrometr (The Radio Frequency Mass Spectrometer),
11. Manometry dlya.-Izmereniya Davleniya (Manometers for Measuring Pressure).
Res ch by the Second Soviet-Sputnik).
5. Fi iolo icheski e Issledovaniya na Vtorom Sovetskom Sputnike (Physiological
12. Vezdekhod GA?-47 (The Cross-C.ountry.Vehicle GAZ=4T).
r-n F';~;T?Tf TsT-AT
STATE IX ARMY NAVY I k_ AIR
(Note: Wash ington.d istribution indicated by "X"; Field distributi
FBI
\-5X1
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Parallelenent aux niesures a ]'aide des fusee on effec-
tuait des inesures an moyen dune station panoraniique,
installee pros dune rampe de lancement. La comparaison
des resin tats de radiosondae et des niesures a )'aide des fu-
sees perluettra de preciser donnecs qui sont revues par
de nombreuses stations ionospheriques.
-lctuellement, a obtenu les resultats des uiesures de
la concentration des electrons dans 1'ionosphere dapres le
principe de 1' inferferonrelre a dispersion. On a determine
los concentrations Cquivalentes des electrons a toutes les
altitudes du vol, depassant JO km (y conipris les regions
situees an dessus des maximums d'ionisation, autrefois
inaccessibles aux etudes). Le maximuul d'ionisation a
1'altitude de 103-120 knl est pea profond (et nest pas
unique). A niesure que I'altitude augmente, 1'ionisation
s'accroit graduelleInent aux petites i ariations (les
vols du 16.5.57 et du 23 8.57). on tient, sur no parcours
de dizaines de kilometre, une grandeur proche du ma-
ximum a une altitude (Fenviron 120 Les maximums
d'ionisation trouves sont difficiles a identifier avec les
simples couches qu'on await anparavant suppose titre
nettemont inlrrluCes.
II existe dans 1'ionosphere une quantity considerable
de particules libres chargees, qui lui font exercer one gran-
de influence sur la propagation des ondes radioelectri-
ques. Un des parauielres fundamentaux determinant les
proprietes radi )physiques da I'ionosphere, est la concen-
tration des electrons,- Cc-4-a- dire le nonibre d'ele-
ctrons fibres par centimetre cube.
s Avant 1'exploration des couches supcrieures de 1'at-
niosphcre a 1'aide des fusees la concentration des electrons
await W deterniinee par les methodes indirectes par
l'analyse des reflexions ionospheriques des ondes radio-
elctriques de diverses frequences eniises de la Terre. On avail
ainsi Ctablie qua une altitude d'enN iron 100- 120 'ni
et de 250-300 km se trouvent les maximums de, con-
centration des electrons cc qui avail fait supposer que
1'ionosphere est coalpos(,e dune sCrie de couches notaln-
nient. A environ 100 !vin se trouve la couc?he E, et a
250 km - la couche F). !lfais par ces methodes indi-
rectes on no pouvaient pas etudier de wastes regions de
I'ionosphere aux tres grandes altitude.
L'utilisation des fusees susceptible d'Clever des ap-
pareils scientitiques direeteuient dans 1'ionosphere,
perniet de mesurer les parannetres de 1'ionosphere par de
nouvelles methodes. Les mesures do reparfition de con-
centration des electrons, selon ]'altitude. Ctaient basks
sur le principe de 1' inte?feronietre a dispersion propose en
1937 par L. I. ylandelstam et N. D. Papalexi (URSS).
L'interferonnStre a dispersion fonctionne dune ma-
niere suivante. De Iransmettenrs dans la fusee,
generent vibrations coherentes de frequences de
fl et f.,.
Dans ]'ionosphere les ondes radioeleclriqties de di-
verses frequences se propag'en t 5 des vitesses de phase dif-
ferentes. C'est pourquoi, etant donnC un milieu ionise,
sur la voie des ondes radioClectriques emises de la fusee,
les dephasages dune vibration re4ue sur la Terre se pas-
sent par rapport 1'un a 1'autre. L'enregistrenient des va-
riations de )a difference de phases des vibrations recurs
permet de determiner la repartition de la concentration
des electrons d'apres ]'altitude.
The ionosphere contains a considerable quantity of
free charged particles, in consequence of which it stron-
gly affects the propagation of radio waves. One of the
principal parameters that determine the radio-phy-
sical properties of the ionosphere is the electron con-
centration, the number of free electrons in one cubic
centimetre.
Prior to the period of rocket investigations of the
upper atmosphere, the electron concentration had been
determined by indirect methods through the study of
reflections from the ionosphere of different-frequen-
ey radio waves transmitted from the ground. In this
way, maxima of electron concentration were found at
heights close to IOJ--120 kni. and 250-300 kin, and it
was concluded that the ionosphere consists of a series of
layers for example, in the region of 100 kin., there is
layer E. in the region of 250 km. there is laver Fl. But
these indirect methods could not be applied, to investi-
gations of extensive regions of the ionosphere at very
great heights.
The use of rockets capable of taking apparatus di-
rectly into the ionosphere makes possible the measure-
men( of ionosphere parameters by new methods. The mea-
surements of the altitude distribution of electron Concen-
tration were based on the principle of the dispersion in-
terferometer proposed in 1937 by L. I. llandelslitaln
and N. D. Papaleksi (USS11).
The dispersion interferometer operates on the follow-
ing principle. The radi) transmitters in the rocket gene-
rates two coherent oscillations of frequency- fl and!-
in the ionosphere, radio waves of different frequencies
propagate with varying phase velocities. For this reason,
if the radio waves emitted by the rocket propagate
through an ionized medium, there occur phase shifst
to one received oscillation with respect to another. Recor
ding of the variations of phase differences (.f the received
oscillations make it possible to determine the altitude
distribution of electron concentration.
The rocket mewurennenIs were made simultaneously
with measurements carried out by means of a panoramic
receiver situated near the launching' site. A correlation
of the results of radio sounding and those of rocket mea-
surements will enable a reNision to be made of data obtai-
ned by numerous ionospheric stations.
Results have been obtained at the present time of the
nneasurement of electron concentration in the ionosphe-
re by means of the dispersion interferometer. The equiva-
lent electron concentrations have been determined at
all flight Heights exceeding 90 kilometres (including re-
gions above the ionization maxiniunis that were folaner-
ly inacessible to
The ionization maxil.ami in the region of 100- 120 knl,
is very shallow (and is not the only one); and with in-
creasing height, the ionization either gradually increa-
ses with slight fluctuations the flights of 16-N-57 and
25-511I-57) or, for tens of kilometres, it retains (with
small fluctuations) a magnitude close to maximum in
the region of 130 kilometre. It is very difficult to identi-
fy the detected ionization maxima with the earlier
suspected sharply defined simple layers.
I
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nuupoMeTeopHa1x uaCTnn; Uop 06TexaTeaeMl yxpea,IeHbI xponmTeiUbl BbmOCHblx
iionn3al),IIOHHLIx MlauIOMeTpoB; Rouen iiocou0r0 oTcexa CHa67xeH ro4IpnpoBaimii11
McTa ijiviecxinl xonycOM n CTalbnOUill HOpoTlllllMU mTb1)H1111, clyixanw m Iiq ly i-
mea aMop'rll3ar ii xouTeunepa npi ypape o 3eMMJno.
'o) l1, e u T p a i b H bl li o T C e x upepcTan.aer coooou as ypHyw o6oibMy,
pacuo oa eImyIo Meixpy IIOCOBb1M U uapamioTHbii repMeT113npoBamlbLMu oTcexatiul;
BHyTpH 3TOll o601llpil npn noMOnl,u cucTeMbl nonepeunuix II IlpopolbHbLx aMop'rn3a-
TOpOB xpelmTCH xpecTOBnua, Ha HOTOpOU pa31le1naloTcH ueTbipe CTCx1HHHnlx 6aa-
aoHa pIH B3HT1111 r1p06 B03pyxa.
KoncTpyI I i1H 1[eHTpa.Ibnoro oTcexa npepCTaBaaeT C06o11 Co'ieTamie MeTaaaa
ii cTexaa ii ne oxa3LaBaeT 3HauuTeJlb11oro BIlJHHHH na cocTaB a'rMoc Jepbl, cno(oAiio
oMbiBa omeli yxpen.ienuuie B oTCexe Oal.IOHaI.
Oco6oe BnllllaHue B 3TOM oTCCxe 6biao o6pam(eHo na ile iouycTn)iocTb 8031r1I-
xH013eHnH B03,,y11M1,1x HapManoB, B 1;oTOpble MloraU 6niTb 3axuauenb( Mepaenuo Bbi-
Texalontne Hopnxli npu3eMlloro Bo3pyxa;
B) Hapam10THblll repMeTn31Ip0BaHHbllt oTCex 000T011T11311a0C-
noro McTauIu'1ecxoro ocu0BaHUH (,Iucxa), npuupenaeluoro x ne1iTpal1,HHOMy oTCexy,
ii rera iuccxorO xoaiiaxa, BpenaJeroca repMeTIPICCHU Ha 3TOM puce:e; nop
xolnaxoM noMeutaeTCaa Caoixemlblil napamloT, BOHltbl CTpOn xoTOporo xpe11HTCH
B neHTpe pucNa.
Cc container automatique est destine a des recherches sur de nombreuses
proprietes des couches superieures de 1'atmosphere. A 1'aide dune fusee le
container est eleve a une altitude de 200 kilometres et plus. A une hauteur deter-
mince le container est jete hors de la fusee et devie. Ccci donne la possibilite
d'effectuer des mesures dans les haules couches de l'atmosphere dans un
milieu relativement non perturb6.
Le container automatique descend graduellement en parachute.
A 1'aide d'instruments scientifiques on niesure la pression a des altitudes
variant de 70 a 200 kilcnietles, des prises d'essai d'air sent faites a des Irau-
tcurs variant de 110 f1 115kilemetres; on etudie les mieromelcores et on photo-
graphic de la grande altitude la surface de la Terre et les systeanes de nuages.
Le container automatique se ccmipose de trois parties cylindriques reunies
cntre elles: sccteur hermetique d'avant, sectcur central et secteur hermelique
du parachute.
a) Le secteur hermetique d'avant comprend deux sections.
La premiere section contient one batlerie d'alimentation elcctrique. La deu-
x ieme ccntient on tableau avcc instruments enicgistrant les indications des
manometres, i.n enicgistreur pho(ographique de ces indications et un systeme
de lampes pour 1'eclairage des instruments Cu tableau. Dans cette mane
section soot montcs des amplificateurs, des manometres d'ionisation aver
cemmutateurs autematiques de sensibilitC de l'entrce de l'anlplificateur, un
mecanisnle reglant le travail des instruments installes dans le container ainsi
que des appareils photographiant 1'espace environnant a travers des hublots
dans les parois du secteur. La partie extericure du sccteur d'avant est ferTnee
par une fuselage en acier dans lequel sent installees des cassettes pour 1'enregis-
trement des parti(ulesmicrometeorique. Sous le fuselage on a monte des supports
pour les manometres d'ionisation se deplacant latcralement. Le bout du
sccteur d'avant est muni d'un cone metallique gaufre et de courts piquets en
a Bier assurant une meilleure amortisation du container fors du choc contre
la terre.
B) L e see t e u r c e n t r a 1 est une carcasse a jouree allant du sectcur d'avant
au secteur du parachute hermetique. A l'interieur de cette carcasse on a fixe
une traverse avee systemes d'amortisation longitudinaux et transversaux sur
laquelle sont montcs quatre ballons en verre pour les prises d'essai d'air.
La construction du secteur central est en ensemble de metal et de verre et
n'a pas dune influence sensible sur la composition de 1'atmosphere baignant les
ballons fixes clans le secteur.
On a porte une attention toute particuliere clans ce secteur pour empccher
toute formation des poches d'air Bans lesquelles pourraient s'inserer des por-
tions d'air de basse altitude se dispersant lentement.
c) Le secteur hermelique du parachute est compose d'un Bisque metallique
fixe an secteur central et d'un etui metallique se fermant hermetiquement sur
ce disque. Un parachute plie est loge sous cet elui et le bout de son cable est
fixee au centre du disque.
The automatic container is designed fcr investigating certain properties
of the upper layers of the ahnosphere. The container is rocket-propelled to a
height of 200 km. or more. At a definite height the container is ejected from
the rocket and separates front it, thus enabling measurements in the upper layers
of the atmosphere in a relatively undisturbed medium.
The automatic container gradually descends on a parachute.
Equipment is provided for measuring pressures at heights of 70-200 kin,
for taking air samples at heights of 110-115 km, for studying micrcmeteorides,
and for photographing the Earth's surface and cloud systems from high
altitudes.
The automatic container consists of three connected cylindrical ccmpartlnents:
the front air-tight compartment, the middle compartment and the hern:etized
air-tight parachute compartment.
a) The front air-tight compartment isdividedinto two sections.
The first section contains the electric storage batteries. The second
contains an instrument panel for registering the gauge readings, a photo-
graphic recorder for recording these readings and soffits for illuminating the
instrument panel. In the same compartment are installed ionization gauge
amplifiers with automatic amplifier input sensitivity switches, a programming
mechanism which feeds the programme of operation to the instruments
installed in the container and cameras which photograph the surrounding space
through port-holes in the compartment walls. The front compartment is covered
with a steel cowl containing cassettes for registering micrometeoric particles.
Underneath the cowl the brackets of the outrigger ionization pressure gauges
are fastened. The front compartment is tipped with a corrugated metal cone
and short steel pins for better shock absorption when the container hits the
Earth.
B) The in i d d le c o m pa rtm en t is a latticed hoop separating the front
and parachute - containing air-tight compartments.
Inside this hoop a spider with transverse and longitudinal shock-absorbers
is fastened. It carries four glass bulbs for cutting air samples.
The middle compartment is a metal-and-glass structure so that its des ign
does not substantially affect the composition of the atmosphere flowing freely
around the bulbs in the compartment.
Special care was taken to avoid the formation cf air pockets in this compar.
tment. Such pockets might have entrapped the slowly issuing near-ground air.
c) The parachute hermetizud compartment consists of a flat metal base (disc)
fixed to the middle compartment and a metal cap fitted hermetically to the disc.
Under the cap there is a folded parachute the strap ends of which are fastened
to the centre of the disc,
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RECHERCHES DANE LA HAUTE
CONTAINER GEOPHYSIQUE POUR
ATMOSPHERE
AKajjeMHK Hayi CCCP
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GEOPHYSICAL CONTAINER FOR
STUDYING THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
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CneITporpa~ co3Aau Aaa noay~lennH CneKTpoB Coanga
Bae 3emuoti aT%ioc( ephl C IIOMOIJ,bro paKeT II npe],ua3Ha-
'Iea am pa6D'riI B Tpy'AIIbIY yC1OBIIHX noaeTa. PaueTnhlu
eneKTpDrpa'~ vIOaaeT pa"ooTaTh B mllpOKOyI naTepna.Te
TeMaepaTyp or -30' Ao -'-50' C n BblAep WIBaTb 6oabmlle
Bu6paquu a yciopennn.
C IIOxonjblo CIIeKTpDrpa(Pa aceaejo BaIea cIICKTp COTIr-
ga B Aaaaa33ae 1033-3000 A. B upii6ope ncnoaB3oBa-
aacb AII: paKiuoHaaa peme'rKa, AaionjaH anueiiayio
Aac[lepculo 16,7X .I(u.
Cnexrpcrpacf B no.ae're pa5oTaeT Maim o6pa3om,
qTO uepe3 I }IBa. noc.-Ie CTapTa oTKphiBaeTCH OKnO FOTOBIin
npu6opa a caeAaa { ClICreMta BxojIIT B peaiuII caeiuenua
3a CoangeMM, HaupaB.-IHx Ha Hero Inezb cIIeFTporpa(ia.
ITponcxoAur (lDTOrpa(nIlpoBaHne CneKTpa c panee yc'ra-
HOBaeHaotl alCBO3nq:Ie3. IIocae olionilaHua cbo'rorpa-
( IIp0BaulIH OKaO POaoBKa CaeiKOHIIH 3aKpblBaeTCH II OCTaB-
nlaaca na naAalon eiI KaCCeTe uaeuua cMaThlBaeTCH as
npBellaylo IiacceTy. B nagaae a Konge auCnoaagnll, Kpome
caewTpa, na (J0T0II.'IeBKy BnegaTblBaIOTCH noia3aaln 'la-
COB, naxo HUjiLCCH B Cneu"rporpa(De. C nomoinblO paKeT-
noro caeuTporpalJa Bo BpeMa pnja noaeTOB Iloay=Iear,I
HiTepecnble Aannble 0 KopOTKOBo IUOBO1l Bsay?Ieauia
Coaaga.
Le spectrographe est destine a obtenir a 1'aide des
fusees, les spectres du Soleil hors de I'atmosphere de ]a
Terre et an travail dans les dunes conditions de vol. Le
spectrographe pout fonctionner lors d'un grand intervalle
de temperature de l'ordre de -30' a -'-50-C et peut sup-
porter de grander vibrations et temperatures.
On pout etudier a 1'aide du spectrographe le spectre
du Soleil dans la gamme de 1000-3000 A. On a utilise
dans I'appareil un reseau de diffraction produisant
la dispersion lineaire de 16.7 A mm.
Le spectrographe fonctionne an cours du vol de la
nlaniere suivante: une minute apres le lancement dune
fusee la fente se trouvant a la tete de la fusee s'ouvre et
le sy-steme d'observation commence a ;fonctionner, en
orientant vers le soleil la fente du spectrographe. Alors
se produit une prise de photos du spectre a une exposition
fixee d'avance. La prise de photos terminee la fente de
la tete se ferme et la pellicule restee dans le chassis tom-
bant est rebobinee autour du chassis recepteur. Au de-
but et a la fin de 1'exposition sur la pellicule plus du spe-
ctre, les indications dune montre, fixee dans le spectro-
graphe sont egalement enregistrees.
A ]'aide du spectrographe-fusee on a obtenu des don-
nes interessantes stir ]a radiation des ondes courtes du
Soleil.
The spectrograph is designed for obtaining solar spe-
ctra outside the terrestrial atmosphere by means of ro-
ckets and for work in difficult flight conditions. The ro-
cket spectrograph can work in wide ranges of temperature
-30? to +50' C - and withstand great , ibrations and
velocities.
With the help of the spectrograph the solar spectrum
is studied in the range from 1000 to 3000 A; the instru-
ment; utilizes a diffraction grating which produces a
linear dispersion of 16.7 Almm.
The spectrograph in flight operates on the following
principle.
Sixty seconds from the time of launching the window
of the top opens and the tracking system begins to track
the Sun, directing the spectrograph towards it. The spe-
ctrum is photographed with a prescribed exposnle Af-
ter the process is completed the window of the tracking
top closes and the film on the falling spool is wound
onto the receiving spool. In addition to the spectrum, the
film records (at the beginning and end of the exposure)
the time shown by a clock in the spectrograph. Interesting
data concerning short-wave solar emission have been
obtained by means of this rocket spectrograph during a
number of flights.
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CIA-RDP80T00246A046900240001-5
AxageMH1I nayx CCCP
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 :
CIA-RDP80T00246A046900240001-5 MEN=
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B ue,jpax xaposoro npocTpaBCTna aTOMHbie aApa
pa3-nPI u6Ix aJelleuTOB yelopalorcg n nplIodpe'raro'r OgeHb
60TbmyIO anepririo. LIaCTII1jbI ogelib 6O.Tbm1Ix aiiepriiii
Ha3blBaloT rocxueechuxu ayeatilu. IIa nyrii or MecTa
aapo;Bzeliua x 3ex.Ie RocxugecBUe aygH 1lcabrrb113aioT
Ha ceo'e Bo3,jeiicTBUe cpejbi, gepe3 UOTOpylo win upoxgjlrr.
B pe3y.Ib-raTe pn;>;a npoueccoB II311eHalOTCa CocTaB a
H HTe1idnBIIOC'rb ROCxlIgecro H3.IygeIna. B gaCTHOCTli,
qucao 'iacTUq rocMn1lecxnx .iyaeu n3xeaaerca B TONI
cay tae, ecia IIa CO.IHue npoucxOAnT IIHTeliCnBHGIe Bapble-
nble npouecebi.
IlpoxO,ja CB1303b marHH'rHOe 1i0-ie 3ex.,III, ~merailm
BocM1Igeciax ayeeii CnLIbHO OTR;IOHHIOTCa B 3TOM IIOTc.
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MOryT oeCHpenaTeTBeHIIO aOCTUra,rb ?iio5bix palioHOB Ila-
Ineli ujalerbl. ~elr xenbme 311eprna gaCTU7(, Tex >[enbuHe
pa3>Iep Tex oo.IaCTeli Ha 3eyue, BoTOpble of a3b13a1OTCa
9OCTy1lHbDln 1111 3TUX iaCTllq. 'IacruL bI 'ra.Tbilx aneprali
,jocTlrralor .limb pa.iouoB Apwr1lliu lI AHTap1rni ii. Ta-
Bu.Nr oopa3oNr, 3eNiin Ban obx ospyaeua 3Hepre'rwieesnx
6apbepox, npaiex BGICOTa aroro 6apbepa, HalIooabmaH
Ha 3RBaTOpe, yMeibuIae'Ca e pocTOx reolrarahl nlOii nIII-
)OTbl.
jBnraneb co cnopocTblo 8 - ic/eeic, onyTHan 3a OgeBb
BopoTn.HU upoxe;Ryron ape>leHaa nepexoJiiT C 0,11105 wu-
poTbi na ,jpyrylo. TaFHx o6pa3ox, C 11OMIOnjblo I13xepeauH
Boclujgeciax .iy''Ieii Ha CnyTHIIRe xO;BHo onpe,jealrrb
mapoTHbili aff ;f1ex,r 3TOro 113,Tyeelllla H Tex caxbi f onpe-
;le.InTb pacllpe,jeiellue gacTUu 3TOrO II3.IygeHHH no 3HCp-
rBax. Ocooenuo CylrtecTBenno, gTO Tanne 113xepelan
IIpOBOZHTCH 6o.Ibuioe 'i icao pa3. IIOOTOxy C 1IOl101115I0
CnyTHHha xo;BUO c,Tew-rb He TO.Ibno 3a u3Meaeuulrli1
UHTeHCBBHOCTJI BOCxngeCBOrO n3.Iy'ieHiui, no if H3_xe-
HeHnaxn ero COCTaBa.
"laCTliljbr, BxO,jeujne B COCTaB ROCM 1ieCBOrO 113,ly-
genna, perueTplrpoBa.IUcb na BTOpox coBeTCnox cnyTililne
C uOMOnjblo egeTsHBOB 3apao eHHbix gaCTUij. IlpII npo-
XO;B,jeHIP.I CBBa3b egeTgHR 3.IeFTpUeecnu 3apa;BeiIUou ga-
cTHUbI Ha BbtxO e CglTgBRa Bo3nuka.I nxny.TbC, roTopbni
nepejaBa.ICa iia pawoTexnugecnyro exerry, coopaunyio
Ha UOJy11pO130AglIBOBbix TpIIO;jaX, Ha3Hageulie BOTOpoii
COCTOII;IO B 'roM, gToobl COCgaTaTb 1110.-lo gacTnq Boexn-
gecnux .Tygeli. lloc.ie liepe,jagu no- pajao cnraa.IOB
o TOM, g-roa cocglrraio oupe,,je'ieaioe gnC.TO gaCTnu, cioBa
np0n3B0,ju.IAeb peraCTpall,Un gacTUu ROCMHgCCBOro II3-
aiyueana, H noc.Te Toro, Ban coeg1IThIBaiocb To aFe 'mC,IO
gaCTHI , uo,jaBa ica noBbiii curHa.I. Pa3,jeanB OHCao aa-
perncTpnpoBaHHblx gaCTHL Ha BpeMB, B Tegeaue BoTOporo
01111 61,1.111 COcenTanbi, Mo;RHO 4rIO,IyquTb gncao gacTUu,
npoxo anjlLx ' uepe3 , CgeTguK B CehyH,jy, Hall III3TCHCUB-
ILOCTb F OCxngeCBOrO B311ygenux.
IIa Ciiv iiur,e 6bLio yCTaHOB.Teuo ,ZBa O1jIIHaROBbIx Hpa-
5opa gall perlnCTpaurli 3apmnenimix gacTlnn. Ocu CgeT-
VHBOB o5oux HpuoopoB 6bi1u pacuo io;Beimi Bo B3anino-
nepneH,jlniy liplibLx nanpaB.IeuBax.
B peay,TbTaTe onbrroB, HocTaB.IeIHbix Ha cilyrlillue,
bbi.Ia uoaygena 3aBncHxoCTb aHTencIIBIIOCTrl iiocxnge-
Cnoro n3.IygeHna Im' IOTb JO BbICOT 700 s of.
I3a5aloZanacb TaI;ne 3aBIICHMOCTb InrrencllBHOCrn noc-
Mngec1 oro u3ay-genua OF mnpOTbi H Bapaau1H no iioli
MHTenCBBHOCTH NOCAWlCCRUX lylled.
Dazes les profondeurs de 1'espace, les noyaux atomi-
ques de differents elements sont acceleres et acquierent
une tres grande energie. Les particules a tres grandes
energies sont appelees rayons coslniques. Pendant lour
trajet, du lieu de lour engendrement jusqu'a la terre
les rayons cosmiques sabissent I'action du milieu qu'ils
trayersent. En resultat dune serie de processus la com-
position et 1'inteasite des rayons cosmiques se nlodi-
fient. Notamments, le nombre de parlicules des rayons
cosmiques change lorsqu'on observe sur le Soleil' des
processus inteases.
Les particules coslniques qui traversent le champ
magnetique terrestre sont fortenlent devices par ce
champ. Seules les parlicules avant une tres grande
energie peuvent librelnent atteindre n'impor?te quelle
partie de notre planete. Plus 1'energie des parlicules
Cst petite, plus restreutes soot les dimensions des re-
gions de notre planete que peuvent atteindre ces parti-
cules. Les particules 1 petites energies n'atteignent
que les regions arctiques et antarctiques. Ainsi la terre
est on goelque sorte enyironnee par tine barriere ener-
getique dont la hauteur est maxima ri 1'equateur et dHni-
nue avec 1'augmentation de la latitude geonlagnetique.
Le Spoutnik qui se deplace a la vitesse de 8 1,'in par
seconde passe dune latitude a une autre clans un
intervalle de temps Tres reduit. On pout deter-
miner ainsi an woven de mesures des rayons cosmiques
sur le Spoutnik l effet do latitude de ce rayonnement
et determiner par 11 la repartition des parlicules de
ce rayonnement par energies. Ce qui est particuliere-
lnent important c'est que ces mesures sont effectuces
en grand nombre. C'est pourquoi le Spoutnik permet
non seulement de suivre 1'evolution de l'intensite du
rayonnement cosmique, mais aussi d'observer la va-
riation de sa composition.
Les parlicules composant les rayons cosmiques
etaient enregistrees sur le deuxieme Spoutnik sovietique
par des compteurs de particules chargees. Les parti-
cules a charge electrigae traversant le compteur pro-
voquent a sa sortie une impulsion qui est envoyee sur
un schema radio-technique monte sur triodes qui compte
le nombre des parlicules des rayons cosmiques.
Apres la transmission par radio des signaux indiquant
qu'un certain nombre de particules a ete compte,
1'enregistrement de particules du rayonnement cosini-
que recommence, et lorsque le n1?n1e nombre de par-
ticules est enregistre un nouveau signal est envoye.
En diN isant le nombre de particules enregistrees par
le temps, pendant lequel elles ont ete enregistrees on
obtient le nombre de particules traversant le compteur
par seconde, c'est-a-dire 1'intensite des rayons cosmi-
ques. Le Spoutnik etait equipe de deux appareils identi-
ques pour 1' enregistrenlent des particules chargees.
Les axes des appareils etaient reciproquement perpen-
diculaires.
Les experiences realisees sur le Spoutnik ont permis
d'obtenir l'intensite du rayonnement cosmique on fone-
tion de l'altitide jusqu'a 700 kilometres d'altitude.
D'autre part, on a reussi a determiner la dependance
de l'intensite du rayonnement cosinique de la latitude
ainsi que les variations de l'intensite totale des rayons
cosmiques.
In the iepths of cosmic space atomic nuclei of va-
rious elements are accelerated to a very high energy.
Particles of very high energies are called cosmic rays.
On their way from the place of their origin to the Earth,
cosmic rays experience the effects of the iuediuln through
which they pass. -> s a result of a number of processes
the composition and intensity of cosmic radiation under-
go changes. In particular, the number of cosmic ray
particles changes when intense bursts take place on
the Sun.
Passing through the magnetic field of the Earth, cos-
mic ray particles are strongly deflected in it. Only
particles of very high energy can reach without hindran-
ce any area on our planet. The lower the energy of the
particles, the smaller are the areas on the Earth they
can reach. Low energy particles reach only the Arctic
and Antarctic regions. Thus, the Earth is surrounded
by a sort of a pokier barrier, which is highest at the
Equator, diminishing as it approaches higher geo-
magnetic latitudes.
Travelling at the speed of 8 kilometres per second,
the Sputnik within a very short interval of time passes
from one latitude to another. Thus, through measure-
ments of cosmic rays made on the Sputnik we are able to
determine the latitude effect of this radiation and.
consequently, the energy distribution of its particles.
Especially significant is the fact that such measure-
ments are repeated many times over. By means of the
Sputnik it is possible to record changes not only in
the intensity of cosmic radiation but also in its compo-
sition.
Cosmic ray particles were recorded on Soviet
Sputnik II by means of counters of charged particles.
When an electrically charged particle passed through
the counter, a pulse appeared on the counter's outlet.
The pulse was fed to an electronic transistorized
circuit, the purpose of which was to count cosmic
ray particles. When a signal indicating that a de-
finite number of particles had been counted is transmit-
ted by radio, the counting of cosmic ray particles be-
gins anew and when the same number of particles has
been recorded, another signal is emitted. Dividing the
number of recorded particles by the time it took to
count them, we obtain the number of particles passing
through the counter per second or the intensity of cosmic
rays.
The Sputnik carried two identical instruments for
recording charged particles. The axes of both instru-
ments were set at right angles to each other.
As a result of experiments on the Sputnik it was
possible to establish the dependence between altitude
and the intensity of cosmic radiation up to the height
of 700 kilometres.
Also the latitude dependence of the intensity of
cosmic rays and fluctuations of full intensity of cosmic
radiation have been observed.
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ETUDE
DES RAYONS COSMIQUES
STUDY
OF THE COSMIC RAYS
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 A
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Aica)eMss Hails CCCP
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in H3MiepCHIIH ;jaBienaq B BBpXHIIX CJOHX aT.Nioc [)epbl
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nocToamlorO Toga. Curna.a o6 yCH.aIITe.le uepe,jae'rcH
-iepe3 pa;ynoTeae>IeTpngecuvlo CICTexy.
On utilise pour inesures la pression dans lee hautes
couches de l'atiiiosphere des niononh; tres a ionisation
a cathode incandescente et des manometres Inagnetiques a
effluve electrique.
Le manometre a ionisation a cathode incandescente
mesure les pressions dens les limiter de 10-1-t0-9
mm c. nl. La cathode incandescente de manometre emet
des electrons qui sont acceleres par le champ dune
grille positive d'anode et qui ionisent le gaz dans le
manometre. Ces ions positifs formes passent dans le
collecteur ne;atif et creent dans son circuit tin cou-
rant dont 1'intensite eat directenient proportionnelle
a la pression du gaz. La, grille de colnniande situee
entre la cathode et la grille de 1'anode sort a stabiliser
1'intensite du courant electronique (de 1'anode).
Une petite surface du collecleur garantit 1'inten-
site asset laible du courant tie bourdonnement genera
par la photoemission des electrons a partir du collec-
teur sous Faction de la douce radiation de Roentgen
de la grille d'anode.
Le manometre est place dans un ballon de verve.
Les parois de la partie superieure du ballon sont amincies
et peuvent titre brisees par tin mecanisme special brisant
a n'importe quelle hauteur desiree. D'autre part,
le manometre, dont Fair est pompe jusqu'a obtenlion
du dide pousse, entre on contact avec 1'atmosphere.
Sur la surface interieure du ballon, toute la partie
amincie, it y a une mince baque metallique. Cette baque
forme ua condenseur cylindrique destine a capter
les particules cliatlgees dispersees dans I'atmosphere
qui ne pcuvent se trouver dans I'espace de travail de
manometre et deformer les resullats des unesures.
Dans le circuit du collecleur du manometre of a
intercale une resistance de plusieurs ohms dont la ten-
sion est renforce a 1'aide d'un amplificateur a courant
continu. Le signal de l'amplificateur est unie avec
1'entree d'un systeme telemetrique, permettant de trans-
niettre Les resulats des mesures sur la Terre.
Le manometre u)agnetique mesure la pression dans
les limites de t0-'-10-' nun c. in. Le manometre magne-
tique est compose de deux plaques-cathodes et une ba-
que-anode situee entre les plaques-cathodes. Perpen-
diculairennent a la surface plane des plaques on a super-
pose un fort champ niagnetiques,
Le fonctionnement du manometre est base sur la
grandeur de t'intensit6 de courant de decharge depend
de la pression. Les parois de la partie superieure du
nianoni.-tre sont amincies et peuvent Ctre brisees a
1'aide d'un unecanisme special brisant comae dans le
cas de manometre a ionisation. Le piege de ce manometre
est construit en forme de deux deuli-bagues mhetalliques
appliquees a la surface interieure de la tubulure de rnano-
metre.
Dans le circuit cathodique du manometre
on a intercale tine resistance dont la chute de
tension est appliquce a ['entree d'un amplificateur
a courant continu. L'amplificateur transmet les signaux
an moyen d'un systeme radio tele1netrique.
Pressure measurements in the upper layers of the
atmosphere are carried out by means of ionization pres-
sure gauges with incandescent cathode and magnetic
electric-discharge pressure gauges.
An ionization pressure gauge with incandescent
cathode measures pressures 10 and 10-0 Imn 11g. The
incandescent cathode of the pressure gauge emits ele-
ctrons which are accelerated by the field of the positive
anode grid and which ionize the gas in the pressure
gauge. The positive ions move to the negative collector
and produce a current in this circuit, file magnitude
of the current being directly prot,ortional to the pres-
sure of the gas. e
The control grid between the cathode and anode
grid serves for stabilization of the magnitude of the
electron (anode) current.
The small surface area of the collector ensures a suf-
ficiently small magnitude of its background that arises
due to the photoemission of electrons from the collector
(coder the action of the soft X-radiation of the anode
grid.
The pressure gauge is enclosed in a glass bulb. The
walls of the upper part of the bull) are thin and can be
broken at a special command at any given height by means
of a special device. The pressure gauge, which had been
previously evacuated to a high vacuum. then conies
into contact with the atmosphere. _% thin metallic pow-
der band is sputtered on the inner surface of the bulb
wall under its thin part. This band produces a cylin-
drical capacitor that is designed to catch charged parti-
cles present in the atmosphere. The result is that the
particles cannot get into the working chamber of the
pressure gauge and thus distort the results of measure-
ments.
The collector circuit of the pressure gauge has a high
ohmic resistance on which the voltage is increased by
means of the direct-current amplifier. The signal of
the amplifier is applied to the input of the telemetric
system that helps to relay the measurement results to
the Earth.
The [magnetic pressure gauge measures pressures
from 10- to 10_, nun IIg. It consists of two plates -
the cathode and a ring anode positioned between the
cathode plates. An intense magnetic field is applied
perpendicular to the plane of the plates.
The principle of the pressure gauge is based on the
magnitude of the discharge current depending upon
the pressure.
The walls of the upper part of the pressure gauge
are thin and can be broken by a special device. as in the
case of the ionization pressure gauge. The trap in this
pressure gauge is in the form of two metallic half-rings
applied to the inner surface of the pressure gauge nipple.
The cathode circuit of the pressure gauge has a resis-
tor, the voltage of which is applied to the input of the
direct-current amplifier. The signal of the amplifier
is transmitted through the radiotelemetric system.
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MANO)dTRES POUR MESURES
DE PRESSION
?
PRESSURE GAUGES
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PainonacTOTHLIrl Mace-cneliTpoxeTp npeAcTasaner CO-
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pa;jno na 3e%-no.
Le spectrometre de masse de radiofrequence est un
appareil, monte dans une fusee de recherche et destine
it mesurer la concentration des ions positifs de diverse
masse. L'appareil se compose dune tube de spectrome-
tre de masse, d'un bloc electronique et dun bloc d'ali-
mentation.
Le tube de spectrometre de masse en acier inoxyd-
able est unie aver le milieu ambiant par son bout avant.
A l'interieur du bAti se trouvent 15 grilles et un col-
lecteur. Sur les deux premieres grilles tombent les
potentiels negatifs (par rapport an bAti du tube); les
ions positifs tonibent dans le champ de Ia premiere
grille, sont entraines a 1'interieur du tube. Entre la
deuxieme grille et les grilles suivantes tombe la ten-
sion acceleratrice qui varie en dents de scie de sorte
que lee ions de diverse masse sont acceleres a tour de
role jusqu'au moment oS ils atteignent tine vitesse
constants. Les grilles suivantes sont analvseurs des
Vitesses qui ne laissent passer daps le collecteur que
les ions avant une vitesse determinee. An cas oil it y a
dans l'atniosphere des ions dont le nombre de masse
est 8 a 50 unites atomiques de masse, des piques de
courant d'ionisation apparaissent dans le collecteur,
chaque pique correspondant aux ions d'une masse de-
terminee. Les piques de courant d'ionisation sont am-
plifiees, transmises par un systeme radio telenietrique
et enregistrees i la station r"ceptrice. Sinlultanenient
la tension en dents de scie de balayage, necessaire pour
dechiffrer le spectre des masses d'ions est transmise
et enreg'istree.
Le bloc electronique se compose d'un amplificateur
a courant continu qui sert a amplifier le courant
faible d'ionisation, d'un generateur qui produit tine
tension acceleratrice en dents de scie, d'un generatrice
de tension a haute frequence et des generatrices n ten-
sion continue pour alimenter les grilles de 1'analyscur,
et d'un systeme de relais pour mettre les appareils en
circuit et hors de circuit.
Le bloc d'alinientation de l'appareil renferme des
elements secs d'oxyde de mercury de petit gabarit et des
accumulateurs en argent et zinc.
Des resultats des mesures de composition des ions
positifs dans les hautes couches de 1'atniospliere sont
translnis par radio sur in Terre.
The radio-frequency mass spectrometer is an instru-
ment mounted in high-altitude research rockets and
designed for measuring concentrations of positive ions
of Varying masses. It consists of a mass-spectrometrie
tube, an electron unit and a power-supply unit.
The mass spectrometer tube is made of stainless
steel and communicates with the outside through the
open front end. Inside or the body are 15 grids and a
collector. Negative Voltages (in relation to the body
of the tube) are applied to the first two grids; positive
ions that enter the field of the first grid are pulled
into the tube. An accelerating sawtooth voltage is applied
between the second and succeeding grids so that ions
different masses are accelerated in turn to a certain
constant speed. The other grids act as Velocity analysers
transmitting to the collector ions with a specific Velocity
only. If there are in the atmosphere ions having mass
numbers between 8 and 50 atomic units, peaks of con-
current will occur on the collector of the tube, each
peak corresponding to ions of definite mass. The ion-
current peaks are amplified, telemetered to the Earth
and recorded at the receiving station. The sawtooth
scanning Voltage necessary for deciphering the mass
spectra of ions is transmitted simultaneously and recor-
ded.
The electron unit consists of a direct-current ampli-
fier to amplify the weak ion current, a generator that
produces the accelerating sawtooth Voltage, a high-
frequency Voltage generator and generators of constant
Voltages for feeding the grids of the analyser, also
a system of relays for switching the instrument in and
off.
The power supply unit consists of small-measuring
dry oxide-mercury elements and silver-zinc storage
batteries.
The data on the composition of positive ions in the
upper layers of the atmosphere are transmitted to Earth
by radio.
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nOAyUIapHH Tpacca KacaeTCH napaAAeAH, OTBet1aIOu;ei
2 HCKyCCTBCHHWB CH31THBKB
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
650 IO?KHOH Iunp6TbI,, nOCAe gter6 6.tKAOH$CTCA K cefiepy
H CHOBa nepexOAHT,B cesepxoe nOAyluapHe.
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6
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 anitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
Hapx4y co cneUHaAHCTaMH K Ha6AIOAeHHSIM IIIHpOKO
npHBAegeHbl pa4HOAi06HTeAH, a TaK?Ke rpynnbl aCTpoHo-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
PaAHoatnnapafiypa, npH nOMOII1 H KOTOpOH BeAyT Ha-
6AIOAeHHH. paAHoAio6HTeAH, ogeHb npoCTa. MHCpopMa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
BepXHOCTH CO CKOpOCTbIO OKOAO 8?KHAOMeTpOB B;CeKyH-'
Ay. rlOCAe OKOH9aHHSI pa60TbI:ABHraTeAH paKCTbl,,3au HT-:
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9-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
ro AAA pa60Tbi ero annapaTypbl, ABAAeTCA HOBOH H CAO2K-
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10.
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 anitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
FIOAy'ieHHble pe3yAbTaTbI H3MepeHHH Hanp$2KeHHOCTH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246A046900240001-
BaIOT B HeM BHagHTeAbxoe npeAOMAeHHC H ? npOHHKaIOT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01: CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
npOCTbIMH, 9eM 3a CaMHM cnyTHHKOM. 11pKOCTb paKeTbI-
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KOH. AnnapaTypa AAA H3ygeHHA' KOCMHYeCKHX AygeH
6bIAa pacnOAo?KeHa Ha KOpnyCe paKeTbI. YCTaHOBAeHHble
Ha pa MC npH6opbI H KOHTeHHepbI -3aLJJHIJ eHbI OT a3poAHHa-
MHYeCKHX H TenAOBbIX B03AeHCTBHH, npOHCXOAALIHHX npH,
nOAeTe paKeTbI B nAOTHbIX CAOAX aTMocq epbI, CneL,iHaAb-
HbIM 3auuIHTHbIM KOHyCOM. 11OCAe BbIBeAeHHA nOCAeAHeH
13,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
CTyneHH paKeTbl Iia op6HTy 3anlHTHbIH KOHyC 6bIA
c6poH.IeH.
Pa4Honepe4aTVHKH, Haxo RIAHecsi B cq)epH9eCKoM
KoHTeHHepe, pa60MraAH Ha gacTOTax 40,002 H 20,005 Me-
rarepU. MCTOLIHHKH BAeKTPOnHTaHHA, CHCTeMa TepMO-
peryAHpOBaHHA, a TaK?Ke LIYBCTBHTeAbHble BAeMeH-
TbI, perHCTpHpyIOIIgHe . HBMeHeHHe TeMnepaTypbl H
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TeHHepe.
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Te 20,005 MerarepU (AAHHa BOAHbI 15 McTPOB), HMeAH
BHA TeAerpa(pHbIX HOCbIAOK. 14AHTeAbHOCTb HX, TaK me
KaK H AAHTeAbHOCTb nays MexcAy HHMH, COCTaBAAAa B
cpeAHeM OKOAO 0,3 ceKyHAbI. ripe H3MeHeHHH HeKOTOpbIX
napaMeTPOB BHyTPH CIpepHLIeCKOrO. KOHTeHHepa (TeM-
nepaTypa, Aa'BAeHHe) AAHTeAbHOCTb BTHX nOCbIAOK H
nays Me2K4y HHMH H3MeHAAaCb B OnpeAeAeHHbIX npe-
AeAax.
PaAnonepeAaT'InK Ha gaCTOTe 40,002 Merarepru (AAn-
Ha BOAHbI 7,5 McTpa) pa60TaA B pe2KHMe HenpepbIBHOI'O
H3Ay-IeHHA. YCTaHOBKa AByX paAHOnepeAaTMHKOB Ha yKa-
3aHHbIX gaCTOTax o6ecne4nAa npOBeAeHHe HccAeAOBaHHH
no paCHPOCTpaHeHHIO paAHOBOAH, 143AymaeMbNX CO CnyT-
HHKa, H H3MepeHHe napaMeTpOB ero op6HTbI. IIpH BTOM
6bIA o6eCnegeH npHeM CHI'HaAOB CO CnyTHHKa H PH AIO-
60M COCTOAHHH HOHoc(pepbl.
repMeTHLIeCKaA Ka6HHa, B KOTOpOH noMeIJ aAOCb nO-
AOnbITHOe '2KHBOTHOC (co6aKa), HMeAa UHAHHApH9eCKy}O
(popMy. C jjeAbIO CO3AaHHA yCAOBHH, He66XOAHMbIx AAA
HOpMaAbHOFO CyIIIeCTBOBaHHA 2KHBOTHOrO, B Hen 6bIA
pa3MeuueH 3anac nHnnH, a Tax a CHCTCMa KOHAHUHOHHpO-
BaHnA BO3AyXa, COCTOABIIIaH H3 pereHepaUHOHHOH yCTa-'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
HOBKH H CHCTeMbI TepMoperyAHpOBaHHA. I1OMHMO 3Toro,
B Ka6HHe 6bIAH pa3MenueHbl annapaTypa AAA perncTpa-
I,SHH nyAbca, AbIXaHHA, KpOBHHOI'O AaBAeHHA, annapaTy-
pa AAA CHATHA 3AeKTpOKapA}orpaMM,a TaK?Ke LIyBCTBH-
TeAbHble BAeMeHTbI AAA H3MepeHHA napaMeTpOB, XapaK-
TepH3yIOIMHX yCAOBHA B Ka6HHe (TeMnepaTypa, AaB-
AeHHe).
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6bIAa H3rOTOBAeHa H3 aAIOMHHHeBbIX CnAaBOB. fOBepX-
HOCTb. HX nOAHpOBaHa H nOABeprHyTa CnegHaAbHOH o6-
pa60TKe c geAbmO npH,gaHHA eH Heo6XOAHMbIX 3HageHHH
KO3(pq)HIUHeHTOB H3AyneHHA H norAOiMeHHA COAHegHOII
paAHaLgHH. CHCTeMbI TepMoperyAHposaHHA, yCTaHoBAeH-
Hble B CqJepHVeCKOM KOHTeiHepe H B Ka6HHe 2KHBOTHOrO,
noAAep2KHBaAH B HHX TeMnepaTypy..B 3aAaHHbIX np'eAe-
AaX, OTBOAA TenAO K o60A0'lKe 3a c eT npHHyAHTeAbHOH
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HeH; CTyneHH paKeTbl 6bIAH yCTaHOBAeHbI: paAHOTeAeMeT-
pH4eCxa3i H3MepHTeAbHaA annapaTypa, -AaTMHKH AAA
H3MepeHHA TeMnepaTypbI H - HCTO'IHHKH 3AeKTpO-?
3HeprHH.
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Ka6HHbI- 2KHBOTHoro, a -TaK2Ke TeMnepaTypa OTAeAbHbIX
np16opoB H 3AeMeHTOB KOHCTpyKIUHH onpeAeAAAacb
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nepeAany Ha 3eMAIO AaHHbIX Bcex H3MepeHHH, ocynueCT-
BAAeMbIx Ha CnyTHHKe. BKA1o9eHHe eeAAA nepeAa4H
AaHHbIX H3MepCHHH npOH3BOAHAOCb nepHOAH9eCKH no
nporpaMMe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
Hay'Mble U3MepeKUA Ha BTOpoM UCKyCCTBeHHOM
CnyTHUKC 3eM.4l(
MCKyCCTBeHHbIH CnyTHHK 3eMAH nO3BOAHA y9eHbIM
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cTHpalollueecB B UIHpOKy1O o6AacTb AAHH BOAH, Ha'IHHaSI
OT peHTreHOBCKHX Ay'eH C AAHHOH BOAHbI nOPAAKa He-
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paAHOBOAHaMH AAHHOH`B HeCKOAbKO MCTPOB.
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UeccaMH, npOTeKaloIMHMH B MaAOH3y4IeHHbIX BHeUIHHX
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HO B cneKTpaAbHOH AHHHH BOAopOAa AAHHOH BOAHbI
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pe2KeHHOH MaTepHH, HMeeT TeMnep3Typy, 6AHBKyI0 K
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B KOpOHe HMCIOTCA O6AaCTH c ei a 6oAee BbICOKOH TeM-
nepaTypol. flpHpoAa KOpOHbI AO HaCTOAigerO BpeMeHH
B BHa9HTeAbHOH Mepe ocTaeTCA 3araAo9HOH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
O61IuaSt 3t#6priisi xOpoTxOBOAHOHOro H3Ay4CHHM COAII-
ga cpaBHHTeAbHO HeBeAHKa - OHa B ACCSITKH TbICA'I pa3
McHbUle 3HeprHH, H3AytiaeMOH COAHI,SeM B BHAHMOM CBeTe,
OAHaKO HMeHHO 3TO H3Ay9eHHe OKa3bIBaeT LIpe3BbILIaHHO
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BaTb MOAeKyAbI BOBAyxa, BbI3blBaa o6pa3oBaHHe HOHO-
c(pepbl -- CHAbHO HOHH3HpOBaHHbIX BepXHHX CAOeB aTMO-
c(pepbI. CorAaCHO cyL_geCTByIOILSHM npe4CTaBAeHHSIM,
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KHAOMeTpOB, 06pa3OBaH HOHH3aUHeM MOAeKyA BO3AyXa
H3Ay4eHHeM CneKTpaAbHOH AHHHH BoAopoAa, Hcnyc-
KaeMbIM xpoMoctpepoH, a CAeAyiou,~HH CAOH - Ha BbICO-
Te, 90-100 KHAOMeTpOB peHTreHOBCKHM H3AyLIeHHeM
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OCTaeTCM nOCTOMHHbIM - OHO HCnpepblBHO H3MeHSieTC31.
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6AH3Koro yAbTpa(rHOACTOBOrO H3AyLIeHHM, npHMblKaio-
IIIyfO K (pHOAeTOBOMy xpaio BHAHMOH LiaCTH cneKTpa.
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Hble (pOTO3AeKTpOHHble yMHO2KHTeAH, pacnOAO?KeHHble
noA yrAOM B 120? OAHH K ApyrOMy. Ka?KAbIH (pOTOyMHO-
2KHTeAb nOCAeAOBaTeAbHO nepeKpbiBaACM HeCKOAbKHMH
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nAeHOK, a TaK2Ke H3 cneUHaAbHbIX onTHLIeCKHX MaTepHa-
AOB, LIT0 n03BOAMAO BbIAeAHTb pa3AHLIHble AHana3OHbI B
peHTreHOBCKOH 06AaCTH cneKTpa COAHL,3a H AHHHIO BOAO-
poAa B AaAeKOH yAbTpa(pHOAeTOBOH O6AaCTH.~7AeKTpH-
MCCKHe CHrHaAbI, AaBaeMble (JOTOyMHO2KHTeAeM, KOTOPbIH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
6bIA HanpaBAeH Ha CoAHUe, yCHAHBaAHCb paAHOCXeMaMH
H nepeAaBaAHCb Ha 3eMAIO C nOMOn1bIO TeAeMeTpH9e-
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u aeMbIX COAHI,3eM 0AHOBpeMeHHO C IpOTOyMHO?KHTeAAMH.
flapaAAeAbHO C Ha6AIoAeHHAMH H3AyLIeHHA COAHUa
Co CnyTHHKa.npOH3BOAHAHCb Ha6AIOAeHHA COAHI,3a BCeH
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npHeMy. paAHOH3Ay4eHHA COAHIja. .
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npoUeccbI H CO3AaIOTCA yCAOBHA AAA ycKopeHHA 9aCTI41
Ao 60AbIUHX 3Hepr.HH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
COAHI,3e BBASIeTCA T1k2kP HCTOMHHKOM KopzlyCKyABA-
Horo H3AyteHHB, B nOTOKaX KopnyCKYABPHOI'o H3AyMe-
HHB HMeIOTCSI HHTeHCHBHble MaI'HHTHble H 3AeKTpHMeCKHe
nOAB, KOTOpble B034eHCTByIOT Ha KOCMHMecKHe Ay'H.
IZpH nOMOI11H KocMHMeCKHX Aygen MO2KHO H3yYaTb 3TH
nOTOKH Ha 60AbIIIHX paCCTOBHHBX OT 3eMAH.
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AHHIb Maci'n i,I, o6Aa4a1Ollq. He o e' Hb 60AMHOH 3HeprHeH,
MOT 6ecnpen3lTCTBeHHO 4OCTHI'aTb AIO6bIX.paloH'OB Ha'-
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we pa3Mep Tex o6AaCTei Ha 3eMAe, KOTOpble OKa3bIBa=
?IOTCB 4OCTynHbIMH AAA aTHX 9aCTHI,. MaCTHUbI MaAbIX
3neprHH 4OCTHraIOT AHmb palohoB ApKTHKH H AHTapK-
THKH. TaKHM o6pa30M, 3eMAB KaK 6bI OKpy2KeHa 3Hepre-
THMeCKHM 6apbepoM, npn9eM BbICOTa 3TOro 6apbepa, HaH-
60AbnIaB Ha 3KBaTope, yMeHbLHaeTCB C pOCTOM I'eOMar-
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3HeprHeH 60Ablue 7 MHAAHap4OB 3AeKTpOHOBOAbT. Y13Me-
peHHe KOCMHMeCKHX AyMeH Ha pa3AHLIHbIX. InHpOTax
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KaKHX HMeHHO. 3Heprii npHCYTCTByeT B COCTaBe KOCMHMe-
CKHX Aygel. 3aBHCHMOCTb MHCAa MacT,HU KocMHMeCKoro
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B pe3yAbTaT'e pH4a, npOIjeCCOB, KOTOpble npOHCXO431T
B MHpOBOM npOCTpaHCTBe C KOCMHMeCKHMH AyMaMH, MHCAO
H COCTaB HX H3MeHBH)TCB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
4A31.TOFO, i4TO6bI BbIACHHTb fpHPOuy HtMCHeHHH, K6-
TOpble IIPOHCXOAAT C KOCMH4eCKHMH Ay'aMH, HCO6XOAHMO
He TOAbKO yCTaHOBHTb I)aKT Bo3paCTaHH5I.HAH yMeHb-
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CnyTHHK 3a o4eHb.KOPOTKHH npOMe2KYTOK BpeMeHH nepe-
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npH nOMOII~H H3MepeHd-I I KOCMH4eCKHX AyteH Ha CnyT-
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CKy}O cxeMy, co6paHHyIO Ha nOAynpOBOAHHKOBbIX TpHO-
Aax, Ha3HaqeHHe KOTOPOH COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO6bI 0004H-
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ITOCAe nepeAa4H no paAHO CHrHaAOB 0 TOM, 4TO 0004HTa-
HO onpeAeAeHHoe 4HCAO 4aCTHI,s, CHOBa npOH3BOAHTCA
perHCTpaUHA 4aCTHII KocMH4ecKOro H3Ay4eHHB, H nocAe
Toro, KaK COC4HTaHO TO me 4HCAO 4aCTHU, 1OAaeTC51 HO-
BbIH CHPHaA. Pa3AeAHB 4HCAO 3apel'HCTpPHpOBaHHbIX 4a-
CTHI,3 Ha BpeMA, B TegeHHe KOTOpOPO OHH-6bIAH COCgHTaHbl,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
MO2KHO nOAygIHTb YHCAO LIaCTHLl, npOXOAAII~Hx Yepe3 c eT-
9HK B ceKyHAy, HAH HHTeHCHBHOCTb KOCMHYeCKHX AyneH.
Ha CnyTHHKe 6bIAO yCTaHOBAeHO ABa OAHHaKOBbIX
npH6opa AAA perHCTpaIUHH 3apA2KeHHbIX YaCTHU. OCH
C4eT4HKOB o6onx npH6opoB pacnOAO2KeHbl BO B3aHMHO-
nepneHAHKyA51pHbIX HanpaBAeHHSIX.
B pe3yAbTaTe H3MepeHHH BnepBble nOAygeHa 3aBHCH-
MOCTb nOAHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH KOCMHLIeCKoro H3AyneHHA
OT BbICOTbI (BnAOTb Ao 700 KHAOMeTpOB). ?Ha6Aio-
AaAOCb BO3paCTaHHe nOAHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH Ha 6OAb~
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TOH 200 KHAOMeTpOB. npoBeAeHbl Ha6AIOAeHHSI LLIHpOT-
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.BapHaUHH KOCMHYeCKHx Ay'eH. 4aAbHeHLu6e H3yMeHHe
KOCMH9eCKHX AyqeH npH noMOLiuH CnyTHHKa nO3BOAHT
peHIHTb pAA HHTepeCHbIX 3aAail B npo6AeMe KOCMHYe-
cxoro H3Ay4eHHA.
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8 ycno8UBX KoCMU4ec1 oio -nolleTa
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np000B Ha CnyTHHKe 6bIAH noMeiMeHbI cne$HaAbHaB rep-
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KOH no KAH4Ke < AaHKa>), HBMepHTeAbHBSI annapaTypa
AAA HCCAeAOBaHHA 'q)H3HOAorH9eCKHX (pyHKLpHH 2KHBOTHO-
ro, a TaK2Ke o6opyAoBaHHe AAA OuHCTKH B03Ayxa, KopM-
AeHHA 2KHBOTHOFO H yAaAeHHA nPOAyKTOB ero 2KH3He-
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21
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/01 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO46900240001-5
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