INDUSTRIES IN KIEV AND DNEPROPETROVSK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A049200150001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 79
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 22, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 23, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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? REPORT INFORMATION R~PORU
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains Information afteoting the National Defeaae of the United States within the meaning of the NWPionage Laws. Title
18. U.S.D. Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorised Person is Prohibited by law.
C-O-W F?I..II-E-l-T-I-A L
COUNTRY UM ;(Ukrainian
R) REPORT
SUBJECT T tdustri s in Kiev
and DATE DISTR.
bmeprqpetrovsk
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
'ACE &
SATE ACQ.
Attachment 1: The Bolshevik Machine Construction Plant in Kiev. This
is a fairly detailed report on the plant organization
and layout.- Sketches, descriptions, and production
data are given on parts produced at the plant's steel
casting foundry.
Attachment 2: The Bolshevik Plant in.Kiev. The report contains fairly
superficial information on plant production, operations,
and layout.
wr lih? i(t
(Note: Wwhington distribs-IMa iadiealed by "W"t Phid dld*ssliaa
2 3 J tv , ~y
50X1-HUM
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Attachment 3: The Kiev Machine Construction Plant (PROMSTROYDETAL).
A reestimate of the number of plant employees, and
descriptions, with accompanying sketches, of the chief
plant products are given.1
Attachment 4: The Lenin Pipe Plant in Dnepropetrovsk. Information
is given on plant organization, layout, and production.
orders were rttdeived at the plant 50X1-HUM
from the Ministry of Defense Industry for pipes con-
sidered special because of the quality of the steel
used and the pressure tests they underwent before
shipment. These pipes ranged in diameter from 80 to 140 mm
and in lengths from six to eight m; the pipe walls were
from two to five mm thick. Pressure tests were effected
by placing the pipe between two valves of the testing
machine and submitting it to water pressure supplied by a
pump, & from 25 to 140 at, according to the use to be
made of the pipe.
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Identification nest
Location of Pl
1. The operating name of the Lenin Pipe Plant was Truboprakatnrg Zavod in.
Lenin. It was not known by any other name and had no numerical dosig- 50X1 -HUM
nation. The plant was subordinate to the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy.
It employed about 8,200 persons, 80 percent of whom were skilled laborers.
Ho prison of war, penal laborers, or foreigners were eanpi
th plant director was a Soviet named Pogo (fnaa)
The plant located on the $aepropetrovwk--Diyevka highway, next to the
Zavod Petr go, near the ydaki neighborhood.1 The streetcar line
used to go the plant began in Osernaya Square and ended at the BM
Plant. The Pipe Plant was completely surrounded by a brick wall
which was a t two meters high t for the section running west from
the main eaa , which was about Wow meters high; the entire wall
was about 4 centimeters thick. The plant measured about 1,800 by 900
meters. It main facade faced south, (Sae sketch on page 9 for the
plash I s lay .
Plant's Products
3. The Lenin Plant produced pipes for heating systems, water and oil pipo-
liatp, steam boilers, and ship shafts, in diameters ranging from funs to
500 millimeters, in lengths of feast six to eight meters, and the thick-
nesses of the pipe walls varied from one to ten millimeters. Orders
were received from the Ministry of Defense Industry for pipes considered
special because of the quality of the steel used and the pressure tests
they underwent before shipment. Those pipes ranged in diameter from 80
to 140 millimeters 4nd in lengths from six to eight meters; the pipe walls
were from two to five millimeters thivh. The pressure tests were effec-
ted by placing the pipe between two valves of the testing machine and
submitting it to water pressure supplied by a water pump, of from 25 to
140 atmospheres, according to the use to be made of the pipe.
4s A fixed part of the plant's production wit to the try of Automobile
Industz9 This consisted 50X1-HUM
of about , pipes daily which were about 1.4 meters long, with a di-
ameter of about 0.8 meters, and the pipe wall was two or three millimeters
thick.
The mean daily production of the plant in 1953 to 1954 was as follows
a. Seamless tubes, 78 metric tons
be Welded pipe, 35 metric tons
o. Stool stock, 98 metric tons
When necessary, production could be increased 40 percent above these
figures. Efforts to increase production under the Five Year plan for
1950 to 1955 took the form of collective agreements among the workers,
sections, shops, and plants. These agreements were established by the
C-0-J-F-I-D-EJ-T -I JIB
LEffIN PIPE PLANT 3fEPEOPETR0Y3K
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labor unions and consisted in the fulfillment of the Plan. Workers and
plants exceeding the Plants goals were rewarded. 50X1-HUM
whether or not production figures were falsified in order to meet Plan
goals. In general, the Lenin Pipe Plant had no difficulty in maintaining
a good average with respect to quantity and quality of work, although in
the shop producing welded pipe, there was some 50X1-HUM
difficulty with the electric welding process because of the malfunctioning
of the electric welding machine. It was planned to install more machinery
in this shop in order to increase production.
Packing
6. Wooden boxes with "Truboprakatnyy Zavod Lenina" marked on them were used
for packing the plant's products. Special precautions were observed only in
the packing of special orders intended for the Ministries of Defense In-
dustry and Automobile Industry; these pipes were greased and wrapped in
cellophane type paper, then packed in wood shavings in wooden boxes.
The plant was not dependent on foreign imports. It received the following
raw materials in the approximate quantities and from the sources listed$
a. Iron, 1989000 kilograms daily, equivalent to three railroad oars full,
from the Petrovska plant in Dnepropetrovsk*
oars;
b. Gas and coke, from the Koksokhim Zavod in. Kalinina in Dnepropetrovsk.
About 100,000 kilograms of coke were received daily in two railroad
o. Steel sheet in rolls and special steel sheet, about 224,000 kilograms
weekly, equivalent to about three and one-half railroad oars full,
from the Gorkiy Plant in Gorkiy6
d. Coal, about 50,000 kilograms daily, from the Donbas area in the Stalino
region.
The approximate mean daily consumption of the above materials was as
follows: Iron, 180,000 kilograms; coke, 90,000 kilograms; steel sheet,
309000 kilograms; and coal, 45,000 kilograms. The prime materials were
transported in railroad cars about 14 meters long, four meters high,
and three meters wide.
Water Supply and Sources of Energy
8? The plant had no water tanks or pumps because all its water was supplied
by the neighboring Petrovska Plant.
9?
The electric powerhouse located in Podgorodnoye supplied both the Lenin
Plant and the city of Dnepropetrovsk with electric power. Two Soviet-
made electric generators were installed on the first floor of the building
designated as point No. (13) on the sketch on page 9
Of the two electric power lines en- 50X1-HUM
tering the plant, one was an underground high-tension line that came from
the Petrovska Plant, supplying electric power for the plant machinery.
The other electric power line came from the city electric power system
and supplied electricity for illumination of the shops and offices.
Electric power was supplied for plant machinery at 360 volts and for i-
llumination of shops and offices, at 220 volts. the
electric power supply adequate as there were no restrictions on the 50X1-HUM
use of electricity nor had there ever been a shortage of electricity.
The electricity had never been out off for other than momentary power
failures. The plant had no electric power installation for emergency use.
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10. The plant had six conical, brick chimneys about 3.5 meters in diameter at
the bane; these chimneys belonged to the buildings located at the following
points on the sketch on page 9 $
(5) one chimney, about 20 meters high.
(6) two chimneys, about 25 meters high.
(14) one chimney, about 20 meters high.
(15) two chimneys, about 25 meters high.
Layout
11. Following is the legend to the sketch on page 9 which gives the Plant's
layout. The numbers in parentheses are keyedx,to those on the sket .
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Entrance gate for personnel.
Gas storage tank, cylindrical, built of irons painted aluminua4color,
approximately ten meters high and eight meters in diameter. as
used for plant work came from the central gas storage tank in the
city.
Gas storage tank, acme as that described in (2) above, recently
built and not yet in operation.
Storehouse, laboratories, and repair shop. Its shape was that shown
in the sketch. It was a two-story brick building measuring about
200 X 250 meters, with a tile roof and no basement. The building
was not fire-resistant. The first story was a storehouse and the
second story contained laboratories and a repair shop.
(5) Shop producing hot-drawn (seamless) boiler tubes. The shop was a
one-story, concrete building that measured about 150 X 400 meters.
It had no basement. One-half of the roof was of sheet iron; the
other half was glass.
The shop produced hot-drawn tubes in diameters ranging _550X1-HUM
from five to 150 millimeters and in lengths of from six to eight
meters; the thickness of the tube walls was from two to three
millimeters. These tubes were used in boilers. Soviet and German
machines in good operating condition were used in the production of
these tubes;
In this same shop, the tubes were out and prepared for shipment y 50X1-H U M
being wired together in groups without any other kind of packaging;
the tubes were loaded into railroad oars for shipment to various
points in the USSR
.About 400 persons worked
on
50X1-HUM
(6) Sheet metal rolling shop. The shop was a one-story concrete build-
ing that measured about 120 X 480 meters with no basement. The
roof was partly of sheet iron and partly of glass.
This shop produced metal sheets about 50X1-HUM
10 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and from two to three millimeters
thick; these sheets were used by the plant for the production of
tubes. Soviet machines in good condition were used in the produc-
tion of this sheet metal;
about 70 percent of the sheet
50X1-H U M
metal produced by this shop was used by the plant itself for the
production of tubes, and the rest of the sheet metal was
shipped to other points in the USSR About 50X1-HUM
590 persons worked in this shop.
(7) Railroad entrance.
(8) Machine shop, offices, and showers. This two-story brick building
with tile roof measured about 80 1 200 meters; the first story was
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a machine shop and the second contained shop offices and showers.
It had no basement.
The machine shop repaired machinery use at e pan ;
contained lathes, planers, milling machines, drill presses, and
boring machines, of Soviet, German, and Omake. The Soviet
machinery, which was of Kral Proletariy make, was in good con-
dition; the other machinery
was old and in boor condition. About 200 persons worked in this
shop.
(9) Main ant off e, a two-story building measuring about 80 X 100
meter in whi about 60 persons worked.
(10) Compr nor sta 'on, a one-story concrete building, measuring about
40 X meters, in which four compressors were installed. The roof
was o conor e,
h e was no basement. The compressors were of Soviet 50X1-HUM
make and were good condition
Three persons worked at the oom- 50X1-HUM
pressor station.
(1i) Machine shop, dining room, showers, and gas rescue squad. This
two-story brick building measured about 80 X 280 meters; the roof
was of sheet iron.
The first story contained a machine shop which
repaired machinery used in the foundry and in the sheet metal
rolling shop. The second story contained the dining room, showersq
and housed the gas rescue squad which was equipped with ten gas
masks, resuscitators, and stretchers. The machine shop contained
the following Soviet-made equipments one planing machine, three
drill presses, and finishing tables, all in good condition. The
lathes were of Krasnyy Proletariy make;
the machine shop.
About 200 persons worked in
(12) Personnel and vehicle entrance gate.
(13) Construction shop and electric powerhouse. This was a two-story
brick building that measured about 110 X 290 meters. The first
story contained a shop dedicated to construction and plant build-
ing repairs, and two electric generators; the second story was
an electric powerhouse containing two Soviet made transformers
and a shop for the repair of wearing apparel. This building had
a basement about 3.5 meters deep, half of which was used for in-
stallations of the electric powerhouse, and half as a clothing
and wearing-apparel storehouse. The building had a tile roof.
The shop had 50X1-HUM
a cement mixer and other construction equipment as well as a
carpentry shop. A total of about 250 persons worked in the shops
and electric powerhouse.
(14) Shop producing hot-and cold-drawn pipe, a one-story brick and
concrete building measuring about 120 X 550 meters; it had no
basement. The roof was made of glass and sheet iron.
/ The shop
produced hot- and cold-drawn pipe in diameters ranging from 45
to 500 millimeters and in lengths of from six to eight meters;
the thickness of the tube walls was from two to four millimeters.
These pipes were used in water and oil pipelines. Soviet ma-
chines in good condition were used in the production of these
pipes;
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(15) Steel Foundry, a cite-story brick and concrete building that measured
about 250 X 500 meters. It had no basement; the roof was tile.
Fifty percent of 50X1-HUM
the steel produced by the foundry was used by the plant in the production
of tubes; the remainder was shipped by rail to other points in the USSR.
The foundry had four coke-burning furnaces, each about ten meters high.
The foundry employed about 500 persons on each of three shifts.
7
(16) Shop producir welded pipe, a one-story building measuring about 50 X
160 meters with no basement. It was built of brick and concrete; the
roof was of sheet iron and lass.
The shop produced welded pipe in diameter ranging 50X1-HUM
from 45 to 140 millimeters and in lengths of from six to eight m era;
the thickness of the pipe walls was from two to three millimeter . These
pipes were used in the construction of ship shafts and water and it pipe-
lines. The shop used Soviet-made Gorkiy automatic electric wel g ma-
chines that had been made in 1948 and were in good condition, pr ses,
cutters, and threading machines. About 4,500 pipes daily, or ab t 1,500
each shift, were produced here. The pipe was shipped bjt rail to arious
points in the USSR About 400 persona worked c each 50X1-HUM
of the three shifts.
(17) Compressor station, a one-story concrete building measuring about 50 x 50,
with no basement. The roof was of sheet iron.
The compressor station had six Soviet 50X1-HUM
made Kirova compressors that had been made in 1950; the station employed
about ten persons.
(18) Dining room and showers, a one-story building measuring about 80 300
meters, with no basement.
(19) Machine shop repairing pipe-shop machinery, dining room, and sho rs.
This was a two-story brick building measuring about 60 x 360 mega with
no basement and a tile roof.
The machine shop was on the first floor and the 50X1-HUM
showers and dining room wer on the second. Soviet and German-made lathes,
planers, and drill presses in fair condition were used in this shop. The
Soviet machines were of Krasnyy Proletariy and of Leningrad make; the
German machines came from East Germany. About 50 persons worked in this
shop.
(19-A) Shop under construction. The building measured about 100 X 150 meters;
(20) Pedestrian bridge.
(21) Plant's main entrance, on a bridge built over railroad tracks.
(22) Point controlling acess to plant.
(23) Personnel office.
(24) Plant clinic.
(25) Garage.
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12. Two railroad lines of standard Soviet gauge entered the plant, on from
the west, and one from the south; both lines connected with the
Dnepropetrovsk-Dneprodzerzhinsk (N48-31, E34-38) line. Sidings ais in-
dicated on the sketch on age 9 . Railroad cars consisted of boxcars,
closed oars, and flat o a*. All materiel was in good condition. here
were no special installa
loaded by crane. From a
plant daily. Those cars
in paragraph 7. above; t
Highways and Vehicles
one for loading and unloading. The cars were
to ten railroad cars entered and left the
rriving transported the raw materials listed
se leaving the plant transported pipe.
90;ipercent of all materials entered and left by
13. The highway servicing thelplant was a branch of the Dnepropetrovsk-
Dneprodzerzhinsk highway. It was asphalt, about nine meters wide, and
was adequate for two-lane traffic. This highway had a good drainage
system and was always open to traffic. The plant employed about two
and one-half ton and four-ton ZIS and GAZ trucks and had a garage where
trucks were repaired. These trucks transported food, clothing, lumber,
and plant products; ten percent of all materials
entered and left the plant by trucks which were not used for the trans-
port of raw mateals.
Organization and Working Conditions
14. The plant worked three shifts; the two day-shifts were eight hours, and
the night shift, seven hours long. 3,200 workers were employed on the
morning shift, 3,000 on the afternoon shift, and 2,000 on the night shift.
The difference in numbers was because office, construction, machine shop,
and storehouse personnel did not work on the afternoon and night shifts.
Vacations normally lasting 12 days were given throughout the year. Eighty
percent of plant personnel received an average monthly salary of 1,000
rubles. no strikes, complaints, or special privileges 50X1-HUM
and attendance was good. Each shop had an infirmary attended by a nurse
for emergency oases; there was also a clinic with doctors in attendance.
The shop ad the following organizations 50X1-HUM
shop chief, aide to shop chief, shop offices and technical department,
shift foreman, section head, and workers of categories 5, 6, and 7. The
shop had two sections, pipe production and final processing. For the
plant's table of organization, see sketch on page10?
50X1-HUM
Storage
15. The plant's only storehouse(point (4) on the sketch on page 9 ) covered
an area of about 1,200 square meters, had a tile roof, and was built of
brick. It was used for storage of materials for plant use such as elec-
tric. cables, motors, tools, clothes, heavy greases, and oils; about
eight drums of grease and ten drums of oil were stored there. Normally,
when the plant products had to be stored, they were kept in the various
shops until shipment.
Fire Prevention
16. Each shop or section had its own fire-fighting squad comprised of em-
ployees and fire-fighting equipment such as axes, water hoses, buckets,
hooks, and fire extinguishers with a list of those persons designated to
use this equipment. In addition, each shop had fire extinguishers hung on
the walls, and boxes of sand distributed throughout the shop. In each
shop, one door was designated as an emergency exit, and the wea around it
was kept free of everything that might hinder egress. Each shop also had
an exterior metal ladder that went from ground level to the roof. The
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18.
plant did not have its own firehouse, but in an emergency, could call on
the firehouse located about 200 meters away which served all the plants
in the area.
Security
Workers could enter and leave the plant only through the doors designated
on the sketch on page 9 as Nos. (1), (12), and (21), and it was necessary
to present a pass bearing a photograph. Excepting the laboratory and e-
leetrio powerhouse, to which entry was forbidden to persons not working
in theme eaployees were allowed to go freely from one shop to another.
One plant guard each was stationed at points (1) and (7) on the sketch on
page 9 and two each at points (12) and (22). Each watch had its chief
charge of the guard posts and plant interior and there was a chief in
charge of all the plant guards who totaled 22. The guards belonged to
the BOKHRA (Boennorizrovannaya Okhrana). They were armed with rifles and
pistols and wore blue uniform, a blue cap, and high boots; the collar
points of their high-buttoned jackets were red.
Production Process for Shop No. 16, Producing Welded Pipe
the production process for the sho
as follows (see sketches on pages 11 to 14f or the layout and ma- 50X1-HUM
ehinery in use in this shop). The rolls of sheet steel were transporte
by crane to the pipe-nuking machines; the roll was placed on a feeder
roller, and the sheet passed through the polisher to the rollers which
gave it the form of a pipe. These passed through the adjustment device to
the automatic welding apparatus and were then cut to predetermined lengths.
Once the pipes were out, they were transported 1* crane to be pressure
tested. If the pipe met pressure requirements, it was sent to the thread-
ing machines to receive an inside or outside thread. Rejects were sent
for cutting to necessary lengths and were put to uses considered not im-
portant. Once the pipes had been threaded, they were marked to identify
the shift and the date produced in order to be able to fix responsibility
in case of failure. After marking, pipes to be used for water and oil
pipelines were painted black and stored in the shop for shipment F- -1
Within the shop, materials were transported by three 50X1H U M
and five-ton overhead cranes. The pipe-making machines producing welded
pipe were the only automatic machines in the shop. About 150 workers were
employed in the production of the pipe, and about 350 in its final pro-
cessing.
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Administrative
Head
Administra-
tive and
Aqcounting
Offices
Shop
Accounting
Offices
Aide to
Chief
Engineer
DIRECTOR
Chief
Engineer
Chief
Technician
Repair
Shop
Laboratory
Technical
Dept.
Shop
Chief
TABLE OF ORGANIZATION OF LENIN PIPE PLANT
Technical
Control
Chief
Chief of
Technical
ontrol Sip
Planning
Dopt?
Shift
Foreman
Section
boad.
Assistant
Director
Supplies
Chief
1
Dining
Room
Chief
Housing
Chief
House
Chief
Chief of
Security
Forces
Shift
Foreman
Security
Forces
Chief of
Personnel
Personnel
Offices
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Plant Cc mu-
nist Party
Secretary
Shop
Communist
Party
Secretary
Plant
Komsomol
Secretary
Shop
Komsomol
Secretary
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Layout of Lenin Pipe Plant in Dnepropetrovsk
T
rn
~Ro leading
to
Dneprodzerzhins
highway
16 18
T
19
Za i
15
M 0 % a Fj~j
was^
"am -
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P pe-Malang machines installed in Shop No. 16 of Lenin Pipe Plant
Makes Gorkiy of Soviet manufacture, 1948
1. Polish er
2. Rollers to form the pipe
3. Pipe adjusting device
4. Automatic welder
5. Automatic cutter
6. Support for rolls of sheet.
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Pipe Cutters installed in Shop No. 16 of Lenin Pipe Plant.
0-04-r-I-D-B -N-T -I-A-L
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50X1-HUM
-lT T i T T A T
50X1-HUM
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Threading Machine Installed in Shop No. 16 of Lenin Pipe Plant
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Presses Installed in Shop No. 16 of Lenin Pipe Plant
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LAYOUT OF SHOP PRODUCING WELDED PIPE (SHOP NO. 16) AT LENIN PIPE PLANT
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~_ _ _ '
Approximate Scales 1:5,000
1.
2.
3-
40
5?
6.
7.
8.
9-
Repair Section
Shop Office.
Pipe making machine
Hydraulic presses
Pipe-making machine
Hydraulic presses, cutters, and threading machines.
Control office.
Pipe-making machine
Hydraulic presses, cutters, and threading machines.
tR3
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
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/aii(L'~Yxcn
KIEV MACHINE CONSTRUCTION PLANT (PROMSTROYDETAL)
1.
the number of Soviet employees at the Kiev Machine 50X
1-H
UM
Construction Plant (PROMSTROYDETAL) to have been close to 1,200 or
1,300. breakdown of employees by sections is as follows: 50X
1-H
UM
a.
Administration
75
b.
1st Mechanical Workshop
350
c.
2nd Mechanical Workshop
300
d.
Iron Foundry
100
e.
Assembly Workshop
150
f.
Instruments Repair Shop
50
g.
Mechanical Parts Repair
Shop
50
h.
Warehouse Personnel
50
i.
Laborers
100
j.
Guards
25
1,250
2. Assembly of cranes, hoists, winches, and various building construction
implements represented the plant's chief production. Gears, nuts, bolts,
and structural parts were produced on a continuous basis as components
for the crane assembly. Following is a description of items produced
at the Kiev Machine Construction Plant during 1955 and 1956. Each part
is illustrated by a sketch, on pages 4 to 8 .
a. Jib Crane (Bashennyy Kran), ordinary large-size construction or
loading crane. The assembly of these cranes comprised the plant's
major production.
14 to 15 cranes were
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assembled monthly.
Figures of the yearly production plan were un-
known
[
but
the Soviets say that the plant over-
50X1-HUM
filled its established production norm. The assembly of the cranes
was performed in the open and they were then transported from the
plant in eight sections. See sketch No. 1 on page 4.
be Automotive Wrecker Crane (Avtomashinnyy Kran), described as a
common type, small-size hoist, mounted on a motor vehicle, an all-
purpose crane. Two to four were produced monthly; production was
not continuous. This crane was not assembled at the plant. See
sketch No. 2 on page 5 .
c. Winch (Lebedka), in production at PROMSTROYDETAL during 1955 to 1956.
This was ordinary light-weight equipment for building construction,
assembled at the plant with structural parts which were obtained from
other factories. Some parts such as gear wheels, nuts and bolts
were produced at the plant as required.
~ On the average, pro- 50X1-HUM
duc tion varied from eight to ten monthly. See sketch No. 3 on page 6 .
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e. Conical Gear (Konicheskaya shesterna or Zubchatka). The cutting
of this gear began at the plant[
similar
orders for the production of such gears were given to many of the
Kiev area machine construction plants.
many of these gears were being produced at several
different places. Rough molded forms were delivered to the 2nd
Mechanical Workshop for cutting. approxi-
mately 300 to 400 such units were produced per day by three
working shifts of four workers each. The units were packed in
wooden boxes, 200 units to a box. The only lettering
on a box stated that it was
a shipment for an agricultural station or farm (Otpravka v
selshokhozy-aystvennyyu stantsiyu). Only one size was cut at the
plant. Weight per unit was about 1.5 to 2 kilograms.
25 teeth per unit. See sketch No. 5 on page 8 *
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C-CN-F-I-D-E N-T-I-A,?-L
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
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Sketch No. 2
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50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Sketch No. 3 50X1-HUM
F
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-7 -
Sketch No. 4
Unidentified Object Called "Bunkeva"
-n
0
0
M
r1
Approx. 3 m.
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-8-
Sketch No. 5
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50X1-HUM
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Location
1. The Bolshevik Plant, subordinate to the Ninistry of Machine Building
was located between the Brest-Litovsk highway and Pervaya Dachnaya
and Tretya Dachnaya ulitsa in the city of Kiev. Its location is in-
dicated on the map on page 9 .
General
2. The plant was of pre-revolutionary construction, but during WW II it
had been stripped of machinery by the Soviets who moved it to the
Caucasus or the Urals, and later almost completely destroyed by the
retreating Germans. The plant occupied an almost square area with a
perimeter of approximately 1,500 meters surrounded by a two-and-a-half
meter high wood and stone wall except where the plant was bordered by
buildings. Vehicle and personnel entrances were located on Tretya
Dachnaya ulitsa. The one-story, reinforced concrete buildings were
constructed with a structural-metal framework, and hollow concrete-block
roofs covered with a type of tar called "golipot". There were no base-
ments or secret sections in these structures. It was rumored that a new
shop was to be built in one of the unused areas of the plant but no more
details were known about this proposed shop. The plant machinery was of
good quality and in good condition although it was not new.
3.
Installations
The numbers in parentheses below refer to sketch of the
plant layout on page 10 .
(1) Rubbish dump. An open yard sane six meters wide between the plant
buildings and wall.
(2) Nickel-plated, bed-construction shop. Nick el-plated, pipe, bed-
frames were constructed in this shop and stamped with the name
"Bolshevik". They were packed in wood crates with pieces of corru-
gated cardboard as protection. The shop had the following sections:
(a) Nickel-plating section.
(b) Painting section.
(c) Foundry section.
(d) Assembly section.
(e) Welding section.
(3) Pipe-extruding machine.
(4) Former site of outmoded buildings which had been demolished in 1953.
(5) Fire department personnel living quarters. The plant had a crew of
professional firemen who were lodged in this building. The firemen
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inspected the shops in order to be sure that the fire precaution
regulations were being observed. Each shop was equipped with fire
hydrants, sand buckets and foam extinguishers. In case of emergency,
workers acted as auxiliary firemen; these workers received extra
vacation time for this service.
(6) Foundry. This was an old structure. Cast iron was produced here.
(7) Foundry sand dump.
(8) Machine repair shop. Approximately 100 employees worked in the
machine shop on a single shift, making the gears, shafts, and did
the other work involved in machinery repair. A sketch of this shop
on page 11 is explained by the following legend:
1 Machine assembly section.
2 Welding shop.
I Finishing section with finishing tables.
4 Shop chief's office.
5 Cloakroom.
6 Toilets.
7 Shop entrance.
8 Tool and material supply.
9 Soviet-make,. vertical planing machine and two polishing machines.
One of the polishing machines was magnetic and of Soviet-make.
10 Lathes. There were 12 lathes, the largest, a modern, 7-meter
machine of German-make in the year 1954. The other lathes were
of Soviet-make.
11 Two Soviet-make milling machines.
12 Fifteen-ton bridge crane.
1 Horizontal saw and circular saw of Soviet-make.
14 Three Soviet-make drilling machines and three Soviet-make planers.
One of the drilling machines was very old; one of the planers was
a large table planer.
15 Rubbish dump. An open yard some six meters wide between the shop
building and the plant wall where waste material was dumped.
16 Open areas.
17 Location of the bed-construction shop.
(9) Prospective site for a scrap iron dump.
(10) Foundry scrap iron dump.
(11) Machine assembly shop.
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(12) Coal dump.
(13) Compressor center. The shops were supplied with compressed air
from this center.
(14) Railroad entrance.
(15) Heating plant coal dump.
(16) Forge and metal shop. These were subordinate to the boiler shop.
(17) Heating plant.
(18) Welding shop.
50X1-HUM
(19 a.) Boiler shop.
(19 b.) Boiler finishing shop.
(20) Scrap iron and coal dump.
(21 a.) Iron foundry.
(21 b.) Brick smokestack.
(22)
Apprentices' four-story, living quarters.
(23)
Two story, administration office, building.
(24) Personnel and vehicle entrance. This road
materials supply shop (8).
led to the tool and
(25)
Security office.
(26)
Union office and guards.
(27)
Party office.
(28)
Vehicle entrance.
(29)
Garage. This garage was too small for all
A small repair shop for minor repairs only
repairs were believed to be attended to ou
of the plant vehicles.
was located here. Majcr
tside the plant.
(30)
Number 6 streetcar line. This streetcar l
of the city railroad station.
ine originated in front
4.
A.
Unused plant areas. There was a one to two meter difference in the
level of this terrain.
Products
In addition to the aforementioned bed frames, the plant produced two types
of boilers which were described as follows. See sketch on 50X1-HUM
Page 12. These boilers were said to be destined for the chemical industry
since the plant in general manufactured machines for this industry.
one type of boiler as follows:
A type of horizontal,
It was approximately 2) meters long iivivi
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00150001-9
and three meters in diameter, built of 20 millimeter thick sheet
iron, with an interior lining of an alloy consisting mostly of
tin and lead some 30 millimeters thick, welded to the sheet iron.
It was painted with a dark lead or silver paint and was believed
to weigh from 20 to 30 tons. The boiler had a dome with a cover
that could be opened. A valve was located on the
upper part of the cover and a pipe with another valve at the end
of this lead-off pipe from the dome. Another valve was located
near the bottom of the boiler. It was also equipped with gauges,
possibly thermometers or manomet
there were more pipes and gauges
This boiler was transported resting on curved supports on two
four-axle platform cars of from 40 to 50 ton capacity each.
B, Another boiler was a vertical
boiler 5 meters high and some 3 meters in diameter with thick
walls. It had a dome-shaped cover on strong double hinges with
one or more forked projections by which it was hermetically sealed
by means of a bolt and butterfly nut. On the upper edge was a
bronze toothed ring of the sort that looked as though it might be
used to engage a gear. It had measuring gauges, thermometers or
manometers, pipes and valves.
C. There was no military production in this plant
Raw Materials
5. The following raw materials were used at the plant: coal, scrap iron,
clay, sand, and a white-colored rock, petroleum, gasoline, grease, mineral
oil, paint, wood, lead, copper, tin, bronze, aluminum in small quantities,
soft wood charcoal used in the foundry in the casting of certain small parts
needing a special hardness, oxygen and acetylene.
Production Process
6. In the iron and steel foundries, certain standard processes were used; the
raw materials were mixed with clay, sand and carbon.
beets were used to produce
and chisled to size before leaving the foundry. The steel worked in this
plant was of No. 2 hardness. Within the plant, the large pieces were
handled by crane;. molten metal was transported in ladles suspended from
bars, and smaller pieces by conveyor belt. No automation existed in the
plant. Certain machines had mechanical controls which did not eliminate
the necessity of having a man stationed at the machine. Some lathes and
milling machines were set up to do a specific job which produced a part
ready to be tested*
harness or cohesion in certain alloys. Pieces were sand blasted, polished, "v"''"""'
Production Norms
7. Although the production norms could be fulfilled easily, workers worked
hard in order to increase their daily wage. There were frequent meetings
to stimulate production and to explain to the workers the benefits of in-
creased production. Nevertheless, there were occasions when the work was
slack due either to deficiencies of materials or to defective planning.
Plans to increase production were foreseen in the rumored construction of
another shop within the plant although its proposed function was unknown.
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Water and Power Supply
8. The plant used the regular city water and electricity supply. The plant
used 380 volt electrical power with three-phase current for welding. No
failure in the electricity supply was noted
Railroad Transportation
9. A single railroad line entered the plant from the east and joined another
line which led to the river port. Old, four-axle platform cars or low,
wood, gondola c.rs, loaded with scrap iron, sand or stone, and empty cars
were seen in the plant area. Small, old, Soviet-make locomotives from
the main line were employed at the plant. Loading and unloading was
accomplished with bridge cranes within the various shop buildings and a
gantry crane served the foundry.
Highway Transportation
10. The plant had access to the Brest-Litovsk highway by way of Dachnaya ulitsa,
an all-season asphalt road some eight meters wide, with good drainage, and
to all appearances adequate for the plant traffic. Snow plows cleared the
street immediately in the event of heavy snows. Highway transportation was
more important than the railroad transportation; oxygen bottles, coke,
wood, acids, and paint were generally brought into the plant by truck, and
the manufactured machinery as well as the waste products from the foundry
was generally shipped out by the same means. The plant had approximately
fifteen, three-ton trucks with wooden bodies and
a one-and-a-half-ton capacity dump truck as well. In addition, the
transportation facilities were augmented by vehicles from other plants or
motor pools.
Security
11. Approximately 12 plant employed guards, three or four to a shift, were armed
with carbines and sometimes pistols. Guards were posted at the vehicle,
personnel, and railroad entrances and the portion along the plant wall on
the Brest-Litovsky road between the fire department and the bed construction
shop. No guards were posted outside the plant. A pass with a photograph
and came of the shop in which the worker was employed was necessary for en-
tering or leaving the plant. The workers were signed in by the shop chief,
and he or the shop master would sign an authorization to leave the plant
during working hours when this was necessary. Within the plants movement
was unrestricted.
Air Raid Precautions
It was not known whether these experts were civilian or military men since they
always came to the plant in civilian dress. The lectures were illustrated
with drawings and photographs, and on certain occasion; films showing as-
pects and consequences of atomic activity were recommended.
on defense against atomic warfare and radio activity were given by experts.
not observed any air raid precautions, but obligatory conferences 50X1-HUM
Working Conditions
13. All plant shops worked the eight-hour shift from 0800 hours to 1700 hours
with a one-hour lunch period. In the shops in which there was more than
one shift, the second shift ran from 1700 hours until 0100 hours and the
third shift was a seven hour shift which ran from 0100 hours until 0800
hours. Saturdays, only one six-hour shift was worked, ending at 1+00 hours.
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24. days annual leave. Three days extra annual leave 50X1-HUM
were given for having worked in the plait for more than three years,
and another five days of annual leave was added for being a member of
the awcillary fire service. Annual leave was generally taken in the
summer, but could be taken at any time of the year, as long as it did
not conflict with the needs of the plant.
Sanitary conditions were good, especially in the 50X1-HUM
shops which had been reconstructed, but in the foundry, an old building,
they were bad due to the smoke, poor ventillation, poor lighting con-
ditions, and low ceilings. While there were no strikes, complaints or
privileges, there was some degree of absenteeism, sometine s with
justifiable reasons, and other times because of drink.
Organization and Personnel
14. Approximately 5000 workers were employed at the plant.
The shop chief was a licensed machinist and wider him was the
shop master, a mechanical technician, a quality control supervisor who
was a specialist, a section master, a time keeper and the workers,
totaling in all approximately 100 persons. There were no prisoners
convicts, or foreigners
plant personalitiest
Goncharov fnu . Plant director until 1953 or 1954.
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he had been relieved of his post for not fulfilling production quotas.
was a crane engineer.
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of
Legend for the sketch of the boilers produced by the Bolshevik Plant
in Kiev.
Figure I
1. Specially lined metal casing.
2. Measuring devices.
3. Dome of boiler with valve on top.
4. Lead-off pipe with valve.
5. Valve.
6. Platform care for transporting boiler.
Figure II
Cover
Iron hinges.
3. Toothed, bronze ring.
4. Bolt with butterfly nut.
5. Measuring device, perhaps for indicating level,
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1 - Bolshevik Plait
2 - R.lroad Line to Plent
3 - Highw - Overpass
4 - Brest-Litovsk Highway
5 - Pervaya Dachmya Ulit sa
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 CW1
20 PO 60 Fmk,
Approx. Scale
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Brest-Litovsk Highway
n
15
16
19a
r'
10
T
5
6
3rd Dachnaya Ulitsa
Sketch of the Bolshevik P1axt in Kiev
1
2b 25 26 27 28
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29
 16
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Approx. Scale
16 17
13 14
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nrT
0
b
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Fig. 2
1
2
ers Manufactured by the Bolshevik Plant in Kiev.
3
50X1-HUM
IF
Sketch of Boil
Fig. 1 Showing Boiler Loaded for Transport
o L mfrs.
Approx. Scale
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///7 /j%LPLVi2G'L I
"B(X BOLSHEVIK" MACHINE CONSTRUCTION PLANT IN KIEV
General Information
the Bolshevik. Machine Construction Plant in
Kiev was subordinate to the Ministry of Machine Production Industry
Ministerstvo mashinostroiteln r hlenosti .
inpointed the location of s plan
as being in the west northwest section of Kiev in the vicinity of
pusbkinskiy Park (see sketch
No. 3 on page 19.) The plant was situated on even ground
several of its main stbeets asphalt paved. The remainder of the
grounds was of hard dirt. (See sketch on page 17 for the plant's
layout.) The plant was surrounded by a wooden fence, excepting
the areas occupied by buildings numbered points 2, 4, 5, and 29
on the sketch on page 17 -
observed no barbed wire strung along the fences, no watch towers,
flood lights, alarm systems, barred windows, nor excessive guarding
of the plant. Walking guards were observed within the plant area.
Although
special passes were required for entry into the various buildings
of the plant, this regulation was not always strictly enforced.
The plant was guarded by civilian (industrial) male and female
guards. The
guards were armed with rifles and side arms. the
daily guard. shifts consisted of from 10 to 12 guards per
shirt.
on the possible use of the eq pmen o serveca
the plant for military purposes,[
only one military person there, a naval officer who frequently
entered the Chemical Equipment Assembly Shop.
3?
Following is the legend for Sketch No. 1 on page 17, giving the
layout of the Bolshevik Plant area. The numbers in parentheses
are keyed to those on the sketch.
(1) Main Personnel Entrance. This entrance consisted of three
personnel passages admitting the workers into the plant.
During the morning rush hour, all three passages were
open and were guarded by at least two guards each. During
working lours, only one entrance remained open for daily
traffic. A similar procedure was followed at the end of the
working day and during changes of working shifts. Workers
were required to show their entrance passes when entering
or leaving the plant.
(2) Administration Building. This was a three-story, brick
construction, dimensions not further identified. The ground
floor contained several rooms occupied by the plant's finance
section, Party and Komsomol offices, a dining hall., and some
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T 1
other administrative offices. The offices of the plant
director, chief engineer, chief mechanic, chief metallurgist,
the plant's Partkom secretary, archives, and some offices
belonging to the plant's political organizations were
located on the second floor. The third floor was occupied
by the designing section, draftsmen, and other technical
offices.
(2a) Lower floor, occupied by the pass office and guard room.
The chief of the plant guard complement had his offices
on the second floor.
(2b) Plant's telephone switchboard, serviced by one telephone
operator during each working shift.
(3) Motor traffic gate. Estimated motor traffic per hour was
20 to 30 vehicles.
(1+) Vehicle repair and maintenance garage. Trucks and cars
were parked outside the building.
(5) Steel Casting Foundry. (For a detailed description of this
workshop, see Sketch 2 on page 18.)
(6) Three underground storage tanks for mazut supplies. Mazut
was used for firing the Martin furnaces at the Steel Casting
Foundry (Point 5)? These storage tanks were periodically
resupplied by rail tanks, believed to be of 60-ton
capacity. The fuel was pumped into the foundry by electric
pressure s.
(7) Two smokestacks, one fdr each of the Martin furnaces at the
Steel Casting Foundry. Their estimated height was 25 to 30
meters each.
(8) Instruments Production Workshop (InstramentalMy Tsekh)?
one-story, brick building. This workshop produced and
repaired instruments and tools used at the plant. Approxi-
mately 50 milling, cutting, and turning lathe operators,
and other mechanics were employed at this shop.
(9) This space, representing the corner second floor of Point 8,
housed the plant's dispensary. Eight to ten doctors and
medical personnel were believed to have serviced
this dispensary.
(10) Hardening and Tempering Workshop (Termicheskiy Otdel).
(11) Forge Shop (Kuznechnyy Tsekh).
(12) Iron Foundry (Chugunoliteynyy Tsekh).1
(13) Two smokestack% belonging to Point 12. Each did not extend
higher than twohree meters above the workshop's roof.
(14) Fire department and fire detection tower, the latter knoica
as the "Kalancha".
(15) Storage shed for wooden models.
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(16) Area at which scrap metals were crushed and flattened.
(17) Electric Repair Shop. This shop serviced all electric
needs of the plant.
(18) Carpentry for manufacturing wooden models.
(19) This one-story brick building contained offices of the rail
supervisor controlling and servicing rail traffic within the
plant area. Control of incoming raw materials and outgoing
products was also within the duties of the rail traffic
supervisor.
(20) This one-story building contained offices supervising dis-
tribution of raw materials to the various workshops of the
plant and control of the open-air scrap iron dump (Point 20a).
(20a) Open-air Scrap Iron Dump and Storage Area of Other Materials.
Materials stored at this dump included pig iron, iron bars and
rods of various sizes, iron and steel sheets, copper and steel
wire, ferromanganese, ferrosilici, magnesite, iron ore, brass,
and bronze. Chrome and aluminum were not stored in the open
and were believed to have been kept under strict
control and under guard. Metal pipes of various sizes were
also observed.
(21) Lumber Yard Area.
(22) Fuel Supply Dcmip. Similarly supervised by Point 20, this dump
stored coal, oil drums., gasoline and paint containers, etc. A
variety of construction bricks were also stored at several
areas of this dump.
(23) Chemical Apparatus Assembly Workshop. This workshop was consi-
dered a restricted area during 19491to 1 2.
The only
military person observed entering this builds was a
Soviet naval officer of an unknown rank.
Several of the molded products
from the Steel Casting Foundry were shipped at various times
to this workshop but the final products assembled at this shop
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
were unknown
Second Mechanical Workshop (Vtoroy Mekhanicheskiy Tsekh).
First Mechanical Workshop (Pervyy Mekhanicheskiy Tsekh).
Boiler Workshop (Kotelnyy Thekh).
Acid Resistant Workshop (Kislotoupornyy Tsekh)?
Plant Technical School.
Central Chemical Laboratory.
Personnel Department and Workers' Housing Administration.
Gas Station, servicing motor vehicles of the plant.
Carpentry Shop. this shop manufactured a
variety of beds for sale to local ciustcmers.
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/~ffac~mr~ ~1
(33)
(34)
Recreation Area. Summer theater for concerts and stage
performances attended by pint personnel and local population.
Group of buildings comprising a children's hospital, district
h spite (Poliklinika), local school, and dwellings for plant
workers and local inhabitants.
(35) Gas and steam heat plant for the Bolshevik Plant.
(36) Electric power supply and transformer-station.
(37) Housing area outside the plant.
Steel Casting Foundry
4.
5-
~the items molded at the steel casting foundry were either
shipped in rough form to the zavod's Mechanical Workshop (Point 25
of Sketch No. 1) or the Chemical Equipment Assembly Workshop (Point 23
of Sketch No. 1) for further processing. Various parts were also
shipped at times by rail directly from the foundry to an unknown
outside consumer.
6. Following is the legend for Sketch No. 2 on page 18, giving the layout
of the Steel Casting Foundry. The numbers in parentheses are keyed
to those on the sketch.
(1)
Scrap Iron and Raw Materials-Supply Storage (Sklad loma).
"
Sektarnyy Dvor." It was
an open shed, approximately 45 x 10 meters and five.meters
high. The dotted lines on the sketch signify iron columns
supported with several iron rods, diagonally welded on to
each column. Along the outer wall of the shed were a
number of storage bins containing the following materials
for the foundry:
a. Iron ore
b. Ferromanganese
at Ferrosilici
d. Aluminum
e. Pig iron (chugun)
f. Bronze
g. Magnesite
h. Ferrochrome
i. Stainless steel scrap
j. Steel scrap
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Along the inner wall were stored various types of bricks
used for the rebuilding and--renovation of the Martin furnaces.
These included black chrome bricks, spotted dark gray chromo-
magiesite, red magnesite, and white fire-resistant bricks.
Supplies of crushed dolomite were stored at several spots
within the shed area. The required materials were supplied
to the foundry in trucks and by rail from the open dump
(See Point 20a on Sketch No. 1 on page 17 ). At times iron
ore was shipped to the foundry by rail directly from outside
sources in quantities of 20 to 25 tons at a time. Forty to
sixty percent quality ferrcaaangarxw and ferrosilici were
supplied whenever needed in quantities of 10 to 15 tons;
aluminum, in various kilogram quantities; pig iron, 4+0 to
50 tons; bronze, three to four tons; and magnesite, in the
form of small stones, ten to 15 tons, etc.
(2) Platform. This metal platform served as the transmission point
of materials from storage to the furnaces by means of overhead
electric traveling cranes.
to
(3) Scales, capacity seven eight tons.
(4) Overhead Traveling Crane.
(5) Two Martin Furnaces. The furnaces were in operation on a 21+-
hour daily basis, in two shifts, with five workers servicing
each furnace during each shift. Each furnace had a 15-ton
smelting capacity. Every five to six months, the furnaces
had to undergo renovation or complete rebuilding, lasting
(4)
at times from, three to four weeks. During renovation, only
one furnace was in operation.
Electric Oven (Elektricheskaya Pech). Of Soviet origin, this
oven was installed at the foundry approximately in 1951 or 1952.
It was of one-ton capacity. This oven was used for smelting
ferrocbrome and stainless steel. The oven was heated by means
1.5 meters long and 9 to 15 centimeters in
of electrodes
,
diameter.
the electrodes were s ed to plan
from a source outside the zacvod. the
electrodes were supplied in wooden crates which indicated that
they came from a graphite factory. The electrodes were shipped
in boxes containing two or three electrodes each, depending on
the size.
The oven operated only eight to ten hours daily and was
serviced by four specialists.
(7) Core Mold Section (Shishelnoye Otdeleniye). This section was
serviced predominantly by 20 to 25 female personnel.
(8) Molding Section I (Melkiy Prolet). This section was used for
molding medium and small products from ferrochromme, stainless
steel, and ordinary steel. It was serviced by 25 to 30 male
workers and three overhead electric traveling cranes*
did not observe any items of military nature being molded here.
(9) Molding Section II (Bolshoy Prelet). In this section large
objects were molded in series production. Its dimensions
were 4+0 x 10 meters and seven meters high. A long, wide
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window ran along the entire wall facing the Brestlitavskoye
shosse. This section had three overhead traveling cranes,
two stamping machines, one wall crane, and other molding
implements. Seventy to 80 male specialists serviced this
section.
(9a) Two stamping machines.
(10) Drying Ovens.
(11) Entrance.
I
(12) Storage of lime, clay and sand.
(12a) Bins for mixing and preparing: above materials for molds.
(13) Cleaning and Trimming Section. Rough molds were cleaned and
trimmed before being inspected by the OTK and shipped out of
the foundry. Approximately 60 workers serviced this section.
(14) Mechanical Workshop.
(15) Electrical Workshop.
(16) OTK Team. One inspector with two assistants worked at this
section during one daily shift only.
paint a large red cross on items rejected
(20)
the ins ector would
Single-Track Rail Line.
Red Corner (Krasnyy Ugolok).
Design and Drawing Office. The second floor of this building and
that of (20) below contained offices of the foundry chief,
secretary of the foundry's Partorg, and several administrative
offices.
Storage Rocan for Tools, Models, and Various Equipment.
(21) Storage Room for Oxygen Cylinders. observed 50 to 60 50X1-HUM
cylinders at a time.
(22) Smokestacks, approximately 25-30 meters high.
(23) Mazut storage Area.
(24+) Laboratory. This laboratory was known to source as the
"Express LabW."' It was serviced by five laboratory technicians
who worle d in three daily shifts. The laboratory performed
on-the-spot tests of elements melted in the electric and
Martin furnaces.
(25) In the basement of this area was a numb r of rooms used by the
zavod'a DOSAAF or DOSAI4 organizational Rest rooms and
showers for both men and women were also located in this
basement.
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at the Steel Casting Foundry
7, During 19+9 to 1952, the Steel Casting Foundry employed approximately
350 special at least 45 rcent were female
personnel. Soviets
employed there.
a. GUSIN (fnu) Foundry chief)
' Be was
transferred as chief of the zavod~produc on
department in 1951. During 1952, be served as
chief of the Iron Foundry and in 1953 resumed his
position as chief oZ the production department.
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
b. PETRIK (fnu) Supervisor of the Martin furnaces a er
Be was transferred
frown the plant to an unknown location in 1951,
and was replaced by EDIK (see beloV),
c. EDIK (fnu) Replaced Petrik as supervisor of the Martin furnaces
in 1 1.
d. KRAr WSKE (fnu) This Soviet was in charge of the large molding
section (Boishoy Prolet (Point 9, Sketch No. 2)
on page 18 .
Parts Produced at Steel Casting Foundry
8. FN.lowing are descriptions of parts produced at the Steel Casting
Foundry. Sketches of these parts (Nos. 4 through 16) are on pages 2A
to 33 .
a. Bob Wheel (Belansir) (Sketch No. 4 on page 0.)
L"Balansir dlya traktoroy.'
this part
was designed for use with some mechanical device of a tractor.
During 1949 to 1952, the Steel Casting Foundry was continuously
molding this device for a consumer
estimated the total monthly production of such units to
average 400 to 500 per month. The weight of each unit was
18 to 20 kilograms. unable to estimate the cost of
each unit. Materials used for molding of this part in-
cluded steel scrap, pig iron, ferrosiliconand ferromanganese.
The melting o
metals was performed in the electric furnace (Point 6 Sketch
No. 2 on at the Steel Casting Foundryo
after molding, these units were shipped in rough form
to the Chemical Apparatus Production Workshop (Point 23,
Sketch No. 1 on page 17). During 1952, several times "
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50X1-HUM
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chemical apparatus shop contained ten of these units
each. no o serve any mechanical improvements made
a number of crates stored in the vicinity of the
p
o
The boxes were seen in 50X1-HUM
the open and the main shipment
may have been completed with the remainder left behind as
disqualified material. the production 50X1-HUM
arts.
these
t
of these parts was discontinued in 1953-
b* Metal Cover or Hood (Kryshka) (Sketch No. 5 on page 21 .)
this part as weighing approximately one 50X1-HUM
and one-half or two tons. The dimensions are described on
Sketch No. 5 on page 21.
five to ten units per month were 50X1-HUM
51 ^"1 952
1
d
i
?
9
ng
ur
produced at the steel cos ng foundry
After molding, this part was shipped to the zavod'a Mechanical
Workshop (Tsekh) for further processing. The color of the
steel was dark
c. Cylindrical Housing (Korpus) (Sketch No. 6 on page 22.)
Three to four units of this part were molded per month at
the Steel Casting Foundry during 1951 or 1952. Each weighed
approximate- y four to five tons. The dimensions are give
on Sketch No. 6 on page 22?
unit was shipped to the zavod's Mechanical Workshop Tsekh)
The composition of
materials or any specifications were unknown The
for further processing.
d. Cylindrical Housing (Korpus) (Sketch No. 7 on page 23 ?)
This Ko us was molded at the steel casting foundry during
1951 to 1952. Ferrochrcmte was one of the material components
- - - -The housing weighed approximately half a
ton. The melting was performed in the electric furnace,
units were molded at the Steel Casting Foundry Melkiy Prolet).
The material used for the core of the three centimeter pipes
(see Sketch No. 7 on page 23 ) Lime
and clay were used to form the core mold. The holes running
through this housing were placed symnnetrically to each other
and thinly connected with an interval of one centimeter.
F Five
such units per month were produced during tie per3od~.951 to
2*
the
units were shipped to the zavod's Chemical Apparatus Production
Shop after molding.
e. Screw Propeller (Vint) (Sketch No. 8 on page 211. .)
These components were periodically molded at the Steel Casting
Foundry in casting frames. this production
was not on a high priority basis. The units were produced in
groups of 25 to 30, whenever work. on other pro4ects was at a
low. The shop was in no hurry to complete the running order.
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Once or twice a month, the workshop would resume production of
this part fora period of three to four
These ~nits were molded in
sizes from 25 to 75 centimeters each. estimated the
weight for the various sizes to be from ten to 50 kilograms.
The melting of ordinary steel scrap for the units was done
in the Martin furnace. i4er cleaning and trl=mg, these
were ad works 's MK rsonnel.
units cl
many of these units were rejected and returned to the
workshop dump for reuse. Approved units were shipped either
to the Mechanical Workshop (Point 27 of Sketch No. 1 on page 17)
or directly to a consumer believed
these units were designate
for use with river craft,
f. Ventilator Screw (Vint) -( tch No. 9 on page 25.)
This device was molded at Steel Casting Foundry during
1949 to 1952. One or two is were produced per month; the
production was sporadic* ld frames were used for casting
this unit. It weighed one ton. The blades were four centi-
meters thick and 1.5 meters long with seven-centimeter intervals
between them; their upper width was 15 centimeters and the
lower width was 60 centimeters. The blades bent diagonally
downward one half turn, similar to a ship's propeller screw.
Looking down on this device, one could see through it at the
upper and lower parts. middle the turn of the blade
overlapped visually. such a part
might be used with a type of turbine.
g. Solid Screw (Vint) (Sketch No. 10 on page 26.)
This item was molded at the Steel Casting Foundry in 1951 or
1952. One or two units were produced monthly at times. Pro-
duction was sporadic with lay-off intervals of from two to four
months. This was a solid. elongated molded part, weighing
approximately half a ton, with a half-turn screw-type form.
The eft es of the turn were slightly thinner.
it- wasebfi d out of the plant in rough form by rail
without undergoing any finishing process.
Tubular Housing (Korpus) (See Sketch No. 11 on page 27.)
h
.
This part was molded at the Steel Casting Foundry during 1951;
A one-time order
was received at the workshop and this
order was fulfilled within a period of two mon n units
of this part were produced and shipped in raw form by rail on
completion of molding. believed this housing to have
weighed approximately five to eight tons. Dimensions are
specified on the sketch on page 27. Ordinary steel scrap
7 was used.
the Korpus could be used at an electric power
station as part of a turbine.
i. Large Wheel (ISo].eso) (Sketch No. 12 on page 28.)
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
It was molded in the foundry's large 50X1-HUM
hall (Boishoy Prolet) and each unit weighed approximately 200
kilograms. Fifty to 55 units per month were molded during
1950 to 1952.
The wheels were shipped to the zavod's Mechanical 50X1-HUM
Workshop in rough casting orm. believed this unit
to be suitable for large cranes or as electric power plant
equipment.
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j. Gear Co Wheel (Koleso, Zubchatoye) (Sketch No. 13 on pages 29
30.).,' The wheel was molded in the large hall of the
::feel Basting. Foundry in various sizes ranging from one-half
meter to one and one-half meters in diamter. The weight for
each unit, depending on the size, also ranged from. one-half
to two tons. The melting was done in the open-hearth ovens.
these wheels. No. 30 steel was used because it offered better
resistance and helped to avoid breakage during molding. Eight
to ten units were molded per month between 19+9 and 1952.
Similar production continued after 1952. The units were
shipped in rough form either by truck to the zavod'a Mechanical
Workshop, or by rail outside of the
plant. Much breakage was experienced at the foundry, especially
while molding smaller units. In rough form, this wheel appeared
as a cylindrical drum with the rough cogs running along the
entire length of the drum. During molding, sufficient material
was provided for the cogs for finishing or semifinishing as
illustrated on the sketch on pages 29. and 30.
k. Steel Housing (Korpus) (Sketch No. 14+ on page 31 .)
This housing was molded only several times during 1951. Two to
five units were produced at one time.
The sides of this unit were of a five-centi-
meter thickness. Other dimensions are depicted on the sketch
on page 31 . The weight was about two tons. The openings on
each side were symmetrical to each other.Obelieved
this housing to be applicable for a machine tool bench or a
lathe.
1. Steel Plate I (Plita) (Sketch No. 15 on page 32 .)
This steel plate weighed approximately 300 kilograms and was
molded from ordinary steel scrap. About four of such plates were
produced per month with some interruptions.
were shipped to the zavod'a Mechanical Worki
bite in the finishing
the edges still being in rough form.
in. Steel Plate II (Plita) (Sketch No. 16 on page 33 ?)
This was similar to Plate I (1 above). The edge ciriunference
of this plate was slightly lower than the base plate. It was
similarly finished on one side only, at the zavod's Mechanical
Workshop.
Parts Produced at Iron Foundry
Following is a descriptipn of the parts produced at the Iron Foundry
(Chugunoliteynyy Tsekh). These parts are illustrated in Sketches
Nos. 17 through 23 on pages 34+ to 42 .
a. Reducer (Reduktor). Sketch No. 17 on pages 314 to 36 has the
following breakdown:
9?
17a. Illustration of entire apparatus.
17b. Side view of lower section.
17c.. Viewed from above.
17d. Side view of upper section.
l7e. Viewed from above.
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These reducers were produced at the Iron Foundry
approximately 200 sunk
units were molded per month. its were molded in various
sizes, from .5 meters to 2.5 meters. Their weight was from
50 kilograms to one ton, depending on the size and dimensions.
There were a to five or six sizes.
Although be never saw one in operation, be believed
that such an apparatus would be operated electrically. It
was in continuous production.
b. Cylindrical Housing (Korpus) (Sketch No. 18 on page 37.)
This object was produced at the Iron Foundry during 1953. A
similarly shaped E2a2t was molded at the Steel Casting Foundry
during 1951 to 1952. The weight was from one to two tons.
Both ends were open. (See Sketch No. 7 on page 23.:) Two
or three units were produced per week. Production was not
continuous. The units were forwarded to the Mechanical- Work-
shop for processing. A cover, similar to that depicted in
Sketch No. 7 on page 23, was also molded at the Iron Foundry
conjunctively with the molding of the cylindrical housing.
c. Cast Iron Pipes or Tees (Truba ili Trubka) (See Sketch No. 19
on page joo) 7M~esee ipes were produced in the Iron Fo
during 1952 and 44..P
these pipes 50X1-HUM
were produced in accordance with a new order following a Tnew
he size
and design.
diameter are depicted on the sketch on page . The 50X1-HUM
approximate weight was between 300 and 400 kilograms 50X1-HUM
estimated the totalaaanual production of such pipes to have
amounted to between 50 and 60. The production did not follow
a set pattern. During various months, the pipes would be
molded in quantities of 10 or 12; during other months, only
one or two or none. Only one size of these pipes was produced.
d. Boilers (Kotly) (See Sketch No. 20 on page 39.)
This item was produced in the Iron Foundry during 1952 - 1953,
Weighing five tons each, only one 50X1-HUM
size was in production which was continuous. Approximately
15 of such units were produced per month requiring two days
of molding for one unit.
F
50X1-HUM
e. Bed (Podshipnik) (See Sketch No. 21 on Tage 40 .)
This art was kno as rodshi nik bearing)
by the Soviets at the workshop. Production was 50X1-HUM
continuous. Approximately 50 such units were molded per day.
Sizes ranged from 25 to 75 centimeters each. Correspondingly,
the weight ranged from five to between 15 and 25 kilograms
for each unit*
f. Housing (Korpus) (See Sketch No. 22 on page 41.)
Production of such units was in process at the Iron Foundry
prior to 1952
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Production of these housings fluctuated frcm
one to two units per day. Their weight was approximately
one-half ton. After molding these units were shipped to
the Mechanical Workshop believed that the three
apertures depicted on the ujper plate fox' the houding
(see page 34) could be covired metal aces
Parts Produced at Acid-Resistant Metal Foun (KislotoypoMU Tsekh,
Point No. 27 of Sketch No. 1 on page- 17
10, The only major item molded at the Acid Resistant Metal Foundry on a
continuous basis involved the casting of pipes and elbow-joints in
various dimensions and sizes.' The pipes are illustrated in Sketch
No. 23 on page 142 . called the mate4al from which the pipes
were manufactured "ferrosilid" (in Russian). It was a very sensitive
and breakable substance, almost like glass. The rate of breakage
during tests was very high. Similarly, the high percentage of
breakage during casting was causing loss of earnings for many
workers.
Sketch No. 24a on page 43 illustrates
a cover, almost in the form of half an orange.
"K,olpachek" (cap or cover). 'I'mo material
was'`ferrosilid" . The inside of the cover had an arched convexity
(see sketch No. 24b on page 43 ), a strip similar to a rib, leading
from the center to the inside edge. Production figures were unknown.
This foundry also molded several units of the item illustrated in
Sketch No. 6 on page 22, which were molded at the Steel Casting
Foundry and the Iron Casting Foundry. Material used for this item
was also of "ferrosilid". Electrodes, 40 centimeters long and one
centimeter in diameter, were also molded at this foundry from
ferrosilicon; from 200 to 300 were produced daily. (See Sketch
3
on
211
N
page. .
.
c.
o.
there were only two plants molding pipes from silicon ferros con)
in the USSR, the Bolshevik Plant and one in the Urals*
the Bolshevik k Plant received the first prize at the
Czech Industrial Fair for the quality of this product.
Central Chemical Laboratory (Point No. 9 of Sketch No. 1 on Pao 17
Tsentr a Kbimiches a Laboratory a
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
The chemical laboratory was located on the second floor of a two-story 50X1-HUM
brick building (see Sketch No. 25 on page 44 ) observed no 50X1-HUM
a chemical analysis was made from one chief to another through an
The request for the performance o
barred windows on either floor of the building. The entrance was
not guarded but entry to the second floor
was restricted
12. Following is the legend for Sketch No. 25 on page 44 , showing the
layout of the ground floor of the Central Chemical Laboratory.
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The numbers in parentheses are keyed to those on the sketch.
(l)
Several doors of 50X1-HUM
this point faced the hall (Point 2 below).
(2) Hall (Koridor)
Stairwell to second floor.
(4) Experimental office for mechanical equipment. This office was
utilized by many of the plant's specialists and.mrecbanics for
research and experimentation with various equipment worked on.
Mechanical experiments were performed at Points 5 and 6 below.
(5) Experimental workshop. Serviced by two or three mechanics
permanently employed there.
(6) Experimental workshop. Ordinary workshop equipment as milling,
frazing, and boring lathes
(7) Office of the personnel director (Nachalnik kadrov).
(8) Office of the secretary to the personnel director.
(9) Administrative office.
(10) Same as above.
(11) Same as above.
(12) Military registration office (Voyennyy stol)a
(13) Office of the housing administrator (Zhilotdel)~
(14) Administrative offices.
(15) Waiting hall.
(16) Entrance to administrative department.
(17) Entrance to building from plant area.
(18) Recreation area outside of zavod.
13. Following is the lejpnd to Sketch No. 26 on page 45 , showing the
layout of the second floor of the Central. Chemical Laboratory. The
numbers in parentheses are keyed to those on the sketch.
(1) Stairs to ground floor
(2) Storage rooms (Komnata sklad)
(3) Hall
(1E) Laboratory for analysis of oils. 0 observed one small
electric oven, scales, containers of all sorts, crucibles,
laboratory tables, etc.
(5)
Similar to Point 1E.
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14.
(6)
(7)
(8)
Red Corner (Krasnyy ugolok)
Office of the laboratory chief.
Laboratory where is of all types of metals and minerals
was performed.
Description of Area in the Vicinity of the Bolshevik . Plant
observed a number of factories located in the
vicinity of the Bolshevik Plant. sketch
of the area adjacent to the plant in the attempt to pinpoint the
approximate location of buildings and sites observed. (See Sketch
No. 27 on page 46.) Following is the legend for the sketch. The
numbers in parentheses are keyed to those on the sketch.
(1) Location of an aircraft Plant. observed this plant,
located in the vicinity of a railroad bridge and along
both sides of Brestlitavskoye
Asbestos Factory. Produced plates, pipes, etc, presumably for
construction purposes.
Gas Plant?
some device
for coffee-making equipment, presumably to be installed
on passenger aircraft.
Possible Location of an Airfield. A field adjacent to the
aircraft plant, approximately 1 x 1 kilometer believed to
be the aircraft plant's testing site.
observed apes descends on this field
(3)
(4)
(5)
Elevated section of the Brestlitovsko7e shosse.
3n-1.1 Railroad Station. Believed to be used for freight
and suburban traffic.
Military School.
of construction during 1955 to 195 was
the site for a future factory.
Gips oyyy Zayod? A plant at which construction materials and gypsum
products were manufactured.
Billding in process of construction.
(6) Kiev Construction Plant (Zavod Promstroydetal),
(7) Building in process of construction. This building was in process
it
(8)
it was common knowledge 50X1-HUM
among the local population that this site contained a gas plant.
Heavy dark-gray smoke was observed over this site during working
hours.
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(12) Precision Instruments Plant. This plant was known to the local
ation as Zacvod Toe kh Priborov."
(13) Radio and Television Production Plante This site was in process
of construction during 1955 and 1956.
(14)-- Cemetery
(15) Airfield for Civilian Traffic. This site was known to the local
population as Grazhdanskiy Aerodrem" (Civilian Aiffield.
the aircraft flown over this field were of
passenger type, never military.
(16) Building belonging to the airfield
(17) Small Iron Foundry
(18) Bolabevik Machine Construction Plant. About 25 to 30 Spaniards
were ena~ployed at this plant.
(19) Two sma71 .ants, jWdkred to be tractor and motor vehicle
rep ahops.
(20) Balance Factory. Produced a variety of scales and weights for
civilian consumption.
(21) Ayiation_ScbOol. observed students in air force uniform
being transported in buses to and from this site.
(22)
Group of buildingeoccupied by a movie studio
(23) Puahltom ek-ty Park
(21E) Polytecbnicel Institute
(25) Club, belonging to the workers' of Bolshevik Plant.
(26) Building
6. I ICo nentL Possibly, this material is ferrosilicon.
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Layout of Bolahcyik Machine Construction Plant
Note: Not drawn to scale.
Sketch No. 1
21
/ / /a//,/
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//7 /4Z Ck'ieh/ 1
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Sketch No. 2
Lerout of Steel casting Foundry of Bolaheyik Machine Construction Plant
m
23 _
1_ -1.__ -
4J
17
13
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Sketch No. 3
Location of Bolshevik Machine Construction Plant in Kiev
1
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117 4Zdtme,~
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Sketch No. 4
Bob Wbeel (Balancir)
E-- -- - 15 cm.
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21~
ftUh No. 5
li tabor Nood c ?)
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mwtch No. 6
e cal 8o~u tng (gorpus
2 cetera---.P
i 2.2L1 waters--._-
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~~~~L'Ge m~G1 1
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Sketch No. 7
Cylindrical Housing (Komar t~s )
/
i
i
i ~lfl
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Sketch No. 8
Three-and four-bladed Screw Propeller (Vint)
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~9`f7`ae J ?net, f I
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8etch No. 9
V nti for Screw (Vlut)
1`'- 0.80 s..'-
,--- 75 ma.-----~
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//f/KL'LI'(`rl( l l
Sketch No. 10
Solid Screw (Vint)
E-----0.5 *.--->
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Sketbh No. 11
Tubular Housing (Korpuu)
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ketch No. 3.2
Large ub"i (Eoiesc)
--- 3,5x*
0-0-N-1-I-D-R-N-'P-I-1-L
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Mwtoh No 13
Gear (Cog) WLdel (Io1eso, Zubcbstc re)
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9loetak No* 13
co
Gear (crag) heal
(ra ..., etc)
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filloe'tch No. 14
Steel 8oiuaing (KDrPus)
1.5 a.
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-.4- I
32
Sketch No. 15
Steel Plate I (Plita)
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Sketch No. 16
Steel Plate II (Plita)
3 cros.
104.
11,
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7 cm.
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Sketch No. 17 as
Reducer (Reduktor)
Entire Apparatus
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Sketch No. 17
Reducer (Reduktor)
b. Side View of Lower Section
U'
m
LI
Viewed from Above
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Reducer (Reduktor)
0.08 0.06
o.o1+
0.75
M
2meters
d. Side View of Upper Section
1't
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Sketch No. 18
Cylindrical Housing (Korpum)
2.30 m.
3.5 m.
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P
o
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Sketch No. 20
Boiler (Kotly)
2.80
m.
049200150001-9
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Sketch No. 21
Bearing (Pod Shipnik)
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Sketch No.-22--
Housing (Korpus)
t
0.05 m.
0.20 .07
.10
IE-
0.5 m.
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Sketch No. 2
Pipes Trubki )
Diameter:
10 cm.
Thickness:
1.5 cm.
Length:
3 m*...
%eight:
50 kg.
Diameter: 20 cm.
Thickness: 2 cm.
Length: 3 m. .
Weight: 75 kg-
Diameter: 30 em.
Thickness: 2.5 cm.
Length: 3 mb..
Weight: 100 kg.
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ceteh No. 24
Cam or cover (galpaa]~ek)
a. Diaueter: 75 ca.
Beige: 45 cs.
weigt: 50 kgo
ck .u: 11 to 2 ca.
Inside Mb: 1 to -11 ca.
Q. Lengt: 40 ca.
Diaset t 1 ca.
MaterUl: Ferrosilili
PC~ductton:
200 to 300 a day.
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Sketch No. 25
Lawout of Ground Floor of Central Chemical Laboratory
IIIIIHI I I
Sun*ner Theater
4
15
17
r
I
T6
5 2e
li---
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Sketch No. 26
Layout of Second Floor of Central Chcmica]. Laboratory
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Sketch No. 27
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