(SANITIZED)PAPERS IN GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 143
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 24, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 6, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-E mR-E_T
SUBJECT Papers
General an. Ap~.lied Chemistry
DATE OF
INFO.
REPORT
DATE DISTR. "gL l
NO. PAGES 1
REFERENCES RD
PLACE &
DATE ACQ. 25X1
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
A Russian-langua okl.et cortaining 58 papers
in
The Booklet was published by the Academy of Sciences
of the `-SSR and edited by N~.1 o 9' uyki: ,,. The booklet when detached from
this report is ":" ~$ tFlED.
STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI AEC
0
?? ? REPORT FORMATION ???
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
CEKLHH XHMHH
H XHMHLIECI{OIR
TEXHOJIOI'HH TOIIJII3BA
H3A,ATEJIbCTBO AKAA,EMNN HAY K COOP
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
VIII JleHdeuceeac,cuu cbe3c
no 06u4eu u npu!c.4adkou xu.tuu
Petpepambc (9OK17090e
u coo6u4eHUu
C E K L ICI R X I'I M ICI ICI
H XHMH1ECKOH
TEXHOJIOI'HH
TO IIJI ICI BA
4I3jT[ATEJIbCTBO AHAJ~EMHI4 HAYH CCCP
Mocxea ? 1959
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
OTBeTCTBeHIII,H peAa1TOp
9neH-HoppeCUoHAeHT AH CCCP H. H. Illy an u H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CBOIICTBA HHRHBHAYAJIbHbIX HOJIHIIHI{JIWIECRHX
YPJIEBOAOPOJItOB PA3JIWIHbIX THHOB CTPYICTYPbI
H COCTABA Cis-C40
A.A.HeTpoB, E.H.ICanjuan, O.M.
M. A.'IeJrbgoBa
(Hucruryr opeauuuecicou xuMuu um. H. J. 3e.2uucrcoao
AH CCCP, Mocxea)
flpHMeHeHHe B KalIeCTBe MOTOPHbIX TOHJIHB cpeaHHX (ppaKIIHN
He()TH, n?OHCKH yrJIeBo.nopOAOB MaceJI, CTONKHX K OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIM
B03.aeftCTBHHM H nOBbIHIeHHbIM TeMnepaTypaM,- BCe 3T0 aezlau
HHTepeCHbIMH CHHTe3 H ,H3ygeHHe CBOIkCTB HH,i[HBHAyaJlbHbIX yrJle-
B011OPOAOB pa3JIf'qHbIX THIIOB CTpyKTypbl, MaJIOH3y'IeHHbIX aim
COCTaBa >C18.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'no nepex i OT a, a, a-TpH(PeHHJIaJIKaHOB K H30-
McPHbIM yrJIeBOAOpoaaM C (peHHJIbHbIMH KOJIblaMH, pa36pocaHlIbI-
MH 11o IIenH, CBH3aH CO 3Ha'IHTeJIbHbIM noHH}KeHHeM TeMnepaTyp
3aCTbIBaHHH H C nepexonoM OT KpHCTaJIJIHIeCKHX 4OpM K CTeKJIaM.
flpH nepexoae OT a, a, a-TpH(4eHHJI-aJIKHJI-McTaHOB K 000TBeTCTBeH-
HbIM TpHUHKJIOreKCHJI-aJIKHJI-McTaHaM TeMnepaTypa nJIaBJIeH,HB
(3aCTbIBaHHH), Ka,K npaBHJIO, noHH)KaeTCH, B TO BpeMH KaK B513-
KOCTb BO3paCTaeT. COnOCTaBJIeHHe BH3KOCTHbIX CBOIiCTB TPHIIHKJIO-
reKCHJI-aJIKaHOB H ,i[H-LLHUHKJIOreKCHJI-aJIKHJI-MeTaHOB npOBO1[HTb
Tpy.r1HO BBHAY HX pe3KO pa3JIHLIHbIX TeMnepaTyp HJIaBJIeHHH. OAHa-
KO npH TeMnepaTypax, aQCTaTOIIHO AaJIeKHX OT HX TeMnepaTyp
nJIaBJIeHHH (+ 100 + 150?) , BH3KOCTHble cwflcTBa 3THX p1JIOB
vJ1 JIOCb cpaBHHTb, npHLIeM OKa3aJIOCb, WO B513KOCTb IleTbIpeXKOJib-
9aTbIX yrJleBoAopoJ OB B 3-4 pa3a npeBbinlaeT B513KOCTb Tpex-
KOJI bLIaTbIX.
CpeAH 1-1-Ali-(a-Ha(4THJI)-aJIKeHOB-1, 1,1-AH-(a-Ha(4THJI)-aJIKa-
HOB H HX AeKarHJipOnpoH3BOAHbIX TeMnepaTypbI nJIaBJIeHHH 1101-IH-
3KaK)TCH C POCfOM A.JIHHbI aJIH?(paTHLIeCKOrO paAHKaJIa, HeCMOTPH Ha
VBeJIHTieHHe MOJIexyJIHpxorO Beca. flpO,gyKTbl noJIHOro rHApHPOBa-
HHH - aH-AeKaJIHJI-aJIKaHbI 3aCTbIBalOT npH TeMnepaType Ha 70-
80? HH)Ke TeMnepaTypbI CBOHX apOMa'THLIeCKHX allaJlOrOB H y}Ke He-
B BHAe KpHCTaJIJIO3, a B BHAe CTeKOJI. Heo>KHAaH'HbIM OKa3aJI0Cb
COBnaAeHHe TeMnepaTyp nJIaBJ-eHHH 1,1-AH-(a-Ha(THJI)-aJ]KaH09
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H COOTBeTCTByIOLUJiX a-(o-AH- (a Ha(iTHJI) -aJIKaBOB npH AJIFIHe
aJIKHJIbHbIX ueneil > 4 aTOMaM C.
B pa6oTax MHKeIIIKH, 10xcemHi H apyrHx HccJieAOBaTeJieii, HMeB-
HIHX Aeoio c Hpo;IyKTaMH aJIKHJIHPOBaHHH H aUHJIHPOBaHHH Ha()Ta-
JIHHa, T. e. B OCHOBHOM C R-aJIKHJI-Ha(DTaJIH,HaMH, 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJIe-
HO, LITO npH rHApHpOBaHHH Ha(4TaJIHHOBOrO KOJIbLUa BH3KOCTb nOBbI-
IHaeTCH. B HaiueM HCCJIeAOBaHHH Ha npHMepe ~ieTblpeX H3OMePHbIX
a-OKTHJI-Ha(pTaJIHHOB H HX neprHApIOpOB 6bIJIa o'6Hapy}KeHa o6paT-
Ha5I KapTHHa. OKa3aJI0'Cb 'ITO B AaHHOM pUJZy B Pe3yJIbTaTe rHApH-
POBaHHSI Ha(cTaJIHHOBOrO KOJIbua B3I3KOCTb, Hao6opOT, yMeHblHaeT-
cSI. B pxuy 1,1-AH-(a-AeKaJIHJI)-aJIKaHO'B BH3KOCTb HOHH)KaJiacb
(noj[o6HO TeMnepaType~3aCTbIBaHHH, nD20 H d204) C POCTOM AJIHHbI
aJiH(paTHgIe'CKoro paAHKaJIa, HeCMOTpSI Ha YBe.IHLIeHHe MOJIeKyJIHp-
HOPO Beca yrJleBOAopoAa. 3AeCb TaKxKe 1,1-AeKaJIHJi-aJIKaHbI o611a-
JOaJIH McHbmleii no a6coJiiOTHOii BeJIHtiHHe B I3KOCTb1O, He}KeJIH OT-
BeqaiomHe HM 1,1-AH(a-Ha(pTHJI)-aJIKaHbI. OAHaKO BSI3KOCTb
J(FIHa(pTHJI-aJlKaHOB H HX neprHApIOpoB, eCTecTBenHO, OKa3aJIacb
6ojiee BbICOKOI3, He}KeJIH Y H3OMepHbIX HM MOHoaJIKHJI-Ha(pTaJIHHOB
H AeKa.IHHOB. ECJIH BJIHSIHHe CTpoeHHH yrJIeBOAOPOAOB Ha $X BH3-
KOCTHble CBOIiCTBa T4pe3BblTlaiiHO BeJIHKO npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax,
TO npH nOBbILneHHbIX TeMnepaTypax (BbIIHe 100-1500) BJIHHHHe
crpoeHHSI y}Ke HHBeJIHpyeTc1.
B CBoe BpeMH Ha npHMepe yrAIeBOAOpOAOB, CHHTe3HpOBaHHbIX
CT. 1IHJiaT, 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO OKHCJIAeMOCTb paCTeT C POCTOM
AJIHHbI, LIHcjia if pa3BeTBJIeHHOCTH geneit. HaiuH RaHHble, nOJIyqeH-
Hbie Ha MaTepHaJie HHbIX CTpyKTyp, nOATBepAHJIH 3TOT Te3HC AJIH
aJIKHJI-Ha(IJTaJIHHOB H TpH4)eHHJI-aJIKaHOB, HO pa30lUJIHCb C HHM B
cAytiae aJIKHJI-AHPHApo6H(eHHJIOB ('BepowITHO, BCJIeACTBHe o6pa30-
BaHHH B nOCJIeAHeM cJiy'tiae HH'rH6HTapOB).
M3BeCTH'O, LITO B psluax yPJIeBOAOPOAOB C OAHHM H TeM we 'mc-
JIOM aTOMOB yrJIepoAa TenJIOTBOpHaH cnoco6HOCTb paCTeT C POCTOM
COAep)I(aHHR B0A0poaa, T. e. no Mepe CHH}KeHHH IZHKJIMHOCTH. OA-
1iaKo UHKJIH3aIlH1 BJIe'IeT 3a Co6oii nOBbILIIeHHe yaeJIbH0ro Beca.
' EbIJIO yCTaHOBJIeHO Ha pue npHMepoB, TITO npOH3BeAeHHe H3 Ten-
JIOTBOpHOIi CnOCO6FIOCTH Ha yaeJlbHblc1 Bee pa'CTeT no Mepe yBe.9lllie-
HHsi IjI1KJIHTIHOCTH. HanpHMep, AJi5i H3onapa(p4HOB COCT3Ba
C20-C22 (7,8-AHnponHJI-TeTpaaeKaHa, 11-McTHJI-3f4KO3aHa) yA.
Bee 0,79-0,80) Wo HpOH3Beue'HHe paBHO 8250-8350. AJISI 6HUHK-
JII3geCKHX Haq)TeHOB COCTaBa C18 - aJIKHJIJjexaJiHHOB (y,. Bec
0,9466)` oxo` Bospacier ub 8900-9200. HaHBblcluee xce 3Hage-
HHe npOH3BejIeHHSI H3 TenJIOTBOpHOI3 Cn0006HOC`TH Ha yueJlbHblcI
Bic CpeAH H3y'eHHbIX HaMH $a(4TeHOB OKa3aJlOCb y 1,1-AeKaJIHJl-
aJixaHoB OOCTaBa C22-'C24,-paBHbIM 9700-9900 (Yu. Bee 3THX
yrJlcBOJI ,pouoB 019774)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I{ATAJIHTII'IECIKAH H3OMEP1I3AI(IHI
HAPAFHHOBbIX YrJIEBOAOPOROB
r. H. Maca1IHCKHIi, B. A. Ro6eaeB, H. P. BypeHaH,
M. H. PhIcsHH
(Jlenunepaacxuu uayuno-ucc.4e0oeare.4bc, uu uncruryr
no nepepa6orice neg5ru it nonyuenu,o uctiyccreenn.oeo aicuaxozo ronauea)
HexoTopble THnHilxble xaTaJrn3aTOpbl rHApo7AerHAp0reHH3aIkHI1
B YCJIORH51X HOBbJIHeHHblx TeMnepaTyp 'H AaBJIeHHR BoaopoAa cno-
CO6HbI KBTaJIH3HPOBaTb naoMepH3aJJMlo napa(pHHOBbIX yrJleB~oAo-
poAOB. OAHaKO Bce H3BeCTHbie Ao noc ie, aero BpeMeHH npaMbIw-
JIeHHble HpogeCCbl H30MepH3auHH HOPMaJIbHbIX Hapa(cHHOBhlx yrJIe-
BOAOPOAOB 6a3.HpOBaJIHCb Ha npHMeHeHIIH B KatIeCTBe KaTaJIH38-
TOpa XJIOpHCToro aJIIOMHHHH. OCHOBHOI3 HPHLiHHOI-I HBJIHJIOCb TO,
UTO XJIOPHCTbIl3 aJ11oMHHHl1 aeaaeT B03MO)KHhIM OCyIgecTBJieHHe pe-
aKII;HK npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax (50-1500), KOTOPble C TOUKA
3PeH1 XHMHLIeCKOrO paBHOBeCHSI Ha116oJlee 6JlaronpH51THbJ AJIS
rny6ONOH H3OMepH3al(HH YKa3aHHbIX yrJIeBOAopoaoB.
OCHOBbIBaHCb Ha aaHHbIX XHMHLIeCKOI3 TepMOAHHaMHKH, MbI no-
Ka3aJIH, LITO B coUeTaHHH C geTKOi3 peKTH{paKauHeli npOAyKTOB pe-
aKI1;HH BbICOxOTeMnepaTypHaSI H3OMepH3afHSi H:napac4HHOBbIX
yrJleBOAOPO1OB MO)KeT TaK)Ke npxo6pecTH onpeAe.iexxoe npaxTH-
LIeCKoe 3HageHHe.
BbIJIH H3yLIeHbI pa3JIHgHble OKHCHble, CyJIb4 HAHble H OKHCHO-
McTaJIJIHLIeCKHe KaTaJIH3aTOpbI, B pe3yJlbTaTe Llero AJIH H3oMepH3a-
I(HH H.napa(pHHOBBIx yrJIeBOAOpoAOB 6bIJI Bb16paH CyJib(pHAHbIIi
BOJIb(JpaMOBbIFi KaTaJIH3aTop.
kICCJIeAOBaHHH nOKa3auH, 'ITO TeMnepaTypHaH o6JIaCTb pa6oTbc
CyJIbq)H,aHOro BOJIb(JpaMOBOro KaTaJIH3aTopa JIe}KHT B6JIH3H 400? H
'TO peaKuHSi H3OMepH3agHH MO}KeT yCHenIHO OCyUjeCTBJIHTbCSI JIHIHb
npH HpoBe,eHHH ee npH fOBbIuleHHOM aaBJieHHH B npHCyTCTBHH
BOAOpo a. ~JJiH o6ecneLleHHH cTa6HJIbxof-I pa60Tbl xaTajrn3aTOpa
HeO6xo,aHMO no,, ep}KHBaTb aaBJieHHe He HH)Ke 40-50 aru.
bbIJI BbInOJIHeH pHA pa6oT HO H3oMepH3aIHH HOpMaJIbHbIX na-
pa(JHHOBbIX yrJIeBOA0POAOB OT C4 AO C7 BKJIIOIIHTCJIbHO.
1'JcCJIeJOBaHHe KHHeTHKH H30MepH3aUHH H.6yTaHa H H.reKca-
Ha fOKa3aJIO, LITO CKOpoCTb 3THX peaKaHH B03pacTaeT C yBe..nH4e-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HHeM napuHaJIbHOro AaBJIeHHH yrJleBo1 opoaa. B oTJIHtme OT peaK-
lHH H30MepH3au'HH H.reKcaHa peaKUHH H30Mepn3aijuH iH.6yTaHa
TOPM03HTC51 BoAOpoAOM.
LLJIH o6eHX peaKuHI3 XapaKTepHO BbICOKOe 3HaLIeHHe BejIHLIHHbI
Ka KylueHcH BHeprHH aKTHBagH,H, KOTOPaH npH6Jin3HTeJIbIIO paB-
HHeTcH E = 44 000 KaAlAiO tb.
BbIJIH H3MepeHbl OTHOCHTeJIbHble CKOPOCTH H3OMepn3agHH H. na-
pa(MHHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB OT C5 Ao C8. Ec.IH fPHHHTb CKOpOCTb
?H3oMepH3awHH H.neHTaHa 3a 1, TO OTHOCHTeJIbHble CKOpOCTH H3OMe-
pH3auHH ero rOMOJIOPOB MOryT 6bITb BbIpa}KeHbI cJle,uy1OluuMH
BeJI.HLIHHaMH: H.neHTaH - 1; H.reKcaH - 2,0; H.renTaH - 3,1; H.OK-
TaH - 4,2. CJIe,uoBaTeJIbHO, B TeX yCJIOBHHX, HJH KOTOPbIX 6yaeT
npOHCXO,JHTb rJiy6OKas H30MepH3auHH o1HOro yrJleBOAOp0Aa, Apy-
roH, o6Jiaaa1OuuHH McHbH IM M'OJIeKyJIHpHbIM BecoM, 6yAeT noABep-
raTbCH JIHLHb CJIa6oMy npeBpauleHHIO.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, noJlyl.IeHHbie AaHHbie npHBOAHT K 3aKJHO' eHH10
o npeAnoTITI-ITeJIbHOCTH pa3AeJIbHOI3 H'3OMepH3alHH neHTaHOBOIf,
reKcaHOBOI-i H renTaHOBOI3 (ppaKuHK 6eH3HHa.
UecJIeAOBaHHe npoAyKTOB H3OMepH3auHH H.reKcaHa, H.rerlTaHa
H H.OKTaHa nOKa3aJlo, LITO OHH oOCTOHT rJIaBHbIM o6pa3oM H3 yrJle-
BOAOPOAOB, coaep}KauuHX B 6OKOBbIX uencX O,uHy HJIH ABe McTIIJIb-
Hbie rpynnbI. OTHOCHTeJIbHO'e cozIep}KaHHe 6oJiee pa3BeT'BJIeHHbIX
H3OMepOB B03paCTaeT C yBeJIHHeHH,eM MojieKyJisPHOrO Beca Hcxoa-
Horo yrnesouopona.
B pe3yJlbTaT'e npOBe]jeHHbIX HccJie,z oBaHFH 6bIJIH pa3pa6oTaHbl
OCHOBHble npnnuHnnaJlbnbie CTOPOHbI npoueeca H30MepH3auHH Ha
cyJ1I4HJ HoM BOJIb(~paMOBOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe H fOJIy'IeHbI nOKa3a-
BblxoA npoAyKTOB pacnaAa
(Cl - C3) . . . . . . .
BbixoA H3o6yTaHa:
a) Ha nponyluennblii yrne-
2. H3oMepH3aH,Ha H.neHTaHa
BblxoA ra3a (Cl-C4) . . . . 2,6
BblxoA H3oneHTaHa
a) Ha nponyIueHHblli yrJle-
BOAopoA . . . . . . 51,0
6) Ha npopearnpoBaBlnnli yr-
.neBoAopoA . . . . . . 95,0
BOAopOA . . . . . . . 30,2
6) Ha npopearnpOBaBlHHii
yraleBOJopoA . . . . . 92,5
3. H3omepH3a9H8 reKcaxoBO% 4paKLHH 6eH3HHa
BblxoA ra3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-8
BblxoA KaTaJIH3aTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92-95
OKTaHOBoe HHCJIO (MOTOpHbIN McTOA):
a) HcxoAHOH reKCaHOBO6_ 4paKuHH . . . . . .
54-55
6) Houle H3omepH3auHH . . . . . . . . . . .
70-72
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TeJIH H3OMepH3agHOHHOH nepepa6oTKH H.6yTaxa, H.neHTaHa H re-
KCaHOBOIi clpaKWlH 6eH31fHa npxMOH rOHKH.
THnHqHble pe3yJIbTaTbI IPHBeJ(eHbI BbHJJ (B BeC. %) .
B HaygHO-TeXHHxIeCKOii JIHTepaType TaKxce nOSIBHJIHCb coo61ue-
HHSI O pa3pa6OTaHHbIX 3a py6exc0M aHaJIOrmHbIX npoueccax H30-
MepH3auHH, KOTOpb[e OAHaKO, OCyISjeCTBJISIIOTCSI Ha apyrHX KaTaJIH-
3aTopax (IIJIaTHHOBbIX H ap?)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BbIAEJIEHHE IAHHJIOPEKCAHA
H EPO BJIH}KAflmhIX FOMOJIOPOB H3 BEH3HHA
BAK1IHCKOft HEcDTH
JI. M. HomeaeBa, C. A. MeXTHeB, S. (D. IIHmuaMaa3aue,
III. 3. 9a6aTOBa, (D. A. FamHMOSa
(HMCTUTYT Me(5JTu AH A3CCP, Ba, y)
OTCyT'CTBHe 3(4,eKT14BHOro npoMbiulJleHHoro McToaa BbI,1[eJie-
HH1 UHKJIaHOB H3 COCTaBa Heq)TH - OCHOBHOe npefHTCTBHe j[JIH He-
noJIb3OBaHHH He4)THHOrO LHKJIOreKCaHa B npOMbIIIIJIeHHOCTH opra-
HHileCKarO CHHTe3a.
fIpose,aeHO HCCJIegoBBHHe no pa3pa6oTKe McTO,IIa BbijteJleHHH
uHKJlorexcaHa H ero 6JIHnKaIlIUHx ro o iarOB H3 6eH3HHOBOI3 4)paK-
UHH O.IWOf XapaKTepH0I3 He(i)TH 6aKHHCKOPO McCTopo)KjjeHHH - Cy-
paxaHcKoI or6opnof.
Bbige.IeHHe u$KJIorexcaHa ocyu;ecTBJIHJ)H nyTeM Oj[HOKpaTHOII
H j[syKpaTHofI peKTH#KauHH H a3eoTpOIIHOI3 IHCTHJIJI,9IIHH npSIMO-
rOHHOPO 6eH3HHa. YCTaHOBJIeno, TITO O)IHOKpaTHOIi peKTH(1)HKauHeft
6eH3HHa MO)KHO BbI,l eJIHTb Ha KOJIOHKe a 4XJeKTHBHOCTbIO 25 H 50
TeOpeTHgeCKHX Tape.noK cooTBeTCTBe'H.HO 75 H 87% -Hble KOHueHTpa-
TbI (BbIJ eJISIJIaCb 4 paKI nH 80-82?) C BbIXOJj0M OT nOTeHuHaJta 39
H 55%. ECJIH oT6HpaTb (p)paKuHIO, KHnHJ11 IO B nper eJiax 80-83?
Ha KOJIOHKe '9(x(pe'KTHBtHoCTbio 50 TeOpeTH'IecKHX TapeJIOK, MO)KHO
BbI.I eJIHTb 86%-HbIH KOHueHTpaT UHKJIOreKCBHa C BbIXOjjOM ero OT
noTenuHaJIa 65%.
)JByxp,aTHaH peKTH{4HKaUHH 6eH3HH-a Ha KOJIOHKaX 9(x(xeKTHB-
HOCTbiO 25 H 50 Teop?eTHgecKHx Tape ioK RaeT LHKJIoreKcaHOBbIrI
KOHueHTpaT 90% LIHCTOTbI C BbIXOAOM OT HOTeHUHaJIa 000TBeTCT-
BeHHO 77 H 93%.
A3eoTponnoli neperoHKOIi UHKJIOrexcaHOBOH (ppaKJHH 75-850
(BbI,aeJleHa H3 6eH3HHa Ha KOJIOHK'e 30eKTHBHOCTbio 25 TeopeTH-
,qeCKHX TapeJIOK) C McTHJIOBbIM CIHPTOM npH Co0THOHIe'HHH I : I Ha
KOJIOHKe 3("eKTHBHOCTbIO 50 TeopeTH'LIeCKHX TapeJIOK 6bIJI rio iyqeii
96%-HbII3 aHKJIOreKeaHOBbIg KOHueHTpaT (BblqeJIHJ)aCb (4PaKuHH
79,6-81,10) C BbIXOJjOM OT nOTeHuHajia 67% HJIH 9I %-HbIfl KOH-
ueHTpaT UHKJIOreKcaHa C BbIX'O)OM OT nOTeHUHaJta 82%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A3eoTponxax rleperOHKa c 9THJIOBbIM cnHpTOM Aajia XyAHIHe pe-
3)'JIbTaTbl.
PeKTH(pHKaUHe1 6eH3HHO3OH (ppaKILHH, KHnsiuJeH AO 75?, Ha KO-
JIOHKe 34 4 eKTHBHOCTbio 25 H 50 TeOpeTHqeCKHX TapeJIOK MO}KHO
BbIAeJIHTb (paKI.I',HIO, coaepx{amyio McTHJIaHKJIOneHTaHa 86 H 94,8%
C BbIXOAOM OT HOTeHUHaJIa 87 H 95% COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
PeKTH(HHKaU.HSI 4 paKUHH 95-105? nO3BOJIHeT BbIAeJIHTb AByX-
rpaAycxyio q)paKunlo (100-102?) c CAAepx(aHHeM 93% McTHJI-
1iHKJIOreKCSHa C BbIXOAOM OT nOTeHUHaJla 73%.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, npoBeAeHHasi pa60Ta fOKa3aJIa BO3MO)KHOCTb
BbIAeJIeHHSI H3 6eH314Ha cypaxaHCxoi OT6opHOH Heq)TH McTHJIUHKJIO-
neHTaHa, UHKJIOreKCaHa H McTHJIUHKJIOreKCaHa co CTeneHb}O 'IHCTO-
TbI 94,8; 90-97 H 93% COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CHHTE3 H CBOflCTBA HAOTEHOBbIX YrJIEBOROPOROB
C )IJII4HHO11 BOI{OBOIi IUEHbIO
A. 3. goporovsHcxgui, B. H. JIaBpeHTbeB, A. B. JIIoTep,
H. H. MenbHSKOBa, B. A. KyIIpHSIHOB
(Ppoauemcncua ueg5rvLoi uay*ixo-uccIIeOoeareAbcxuu uwcruryr)
OJ1HOfi H3 MaJIOH3YtieHHbIX (HO HMeK)IL1HX Ba3KH0e 3HaLIeHHe J1JIx
:nOJIytieHHSI pa3JIHtlHbIx rIPOJjYKTOB) rpynH yrJIeBO.1OpOaOB gBJIl-
IOTCSI Ha(YTeHOBble yrJIeaOJ[opoabI C I JIHHHO 1 6OKOBOI3 aenblo.
r1PHHLjHnbI CHHTe3a Haq)TeHOBbIX yrJleBOJjOPO,IrOB C gJIHHHOfI
-60KOBOR IjenbIO 3aKJIIOtIaIOTCH B OCy1.jeCTBJIeHHH TpeX OCHOBHbIX
CTyneHefI: ne'psasi CTyneHb - noJlHMepH3a11Ha OJIe(pHHOB; BTOpax
CTyneHb - aJIKHJIHp,OBaHHe apOMaTHKH OJIe(JHHaMH; TpeTbq CTy-
neHb - rHJjPHPOBaHHe apOMaTHLIeCKOPO KOJIbL1a noJlytIeHHoro aJI-
KHJIHPOH3BOJjHOro 6eH3oJia.
HanpHMep, noJly4eHHe TeXHH~IeCKoro H3,OJjeuHJIIjHKJIoreK?CaHa
npOH3BOAHJIOCb CJIeJ1yIoiaHM O6pa3oM: JjHMep aMHJIeHOB (a1H,H3o-
aMHJIeH) 6bIJI no.ly'leH npH fOJIHMepH3a11HH neHTaH-aMHJIeHOBOI-I
,#aKLUHH TepMOKpeKHHra B HPHCYTCTBHH (4OC(4OpHOfI KHCJIOTbI. Pe-
KHM nOJIHMepH3aUHH 6bIJI CJIeJIyIOuJ,HM: TeMnepaTypa 170-180?,
AaBJi,eHHe 50-60 aT. , 06beMHaI CKOPOCTb 3-4 06beMa cbipba
06. KaTaii.-qac
rlpH 9TOM npeBpailjeHHe aMHJIeHOB COCTaBHJIO 70% or coJjepx{a-
HHH HX B HCXOgHOfi neHTaH-aMHJIeHOBOi3 (PpaKLgHH.
Aa.nee H3 TeXHHgeCKOro J1HH3OBMHJIeHa 6bIJI BbI3eJieH KOHL1eH-
TpaT;iHMepa, BbIKHnaIoLL1Hfi B npeJjeniax 120-185?, KOTO'pblM aJIKH-
JIHpOBaJICH 6eH30JI. PeaKIUIH aJIKHJI.HpOBaHHSI 6eH3oJla BbICOKOMO-
JIeKYJIAPHbIMH OJte(4HHaMH lIPOBOJIHJIHCb B npHCyTCTBHH pa3JIHLIHbIX
KaTaJIH3aTOpOB - XJIOpHCTOPO aJIIOMHII:HSi, CepHOI3 KHCJIOTbl H AP.
YCJIOBHSI aJIKHJIHpoBaHHc 6eH3oJia RHH3oaMHJieHOM B npHCyTCTBHH
cepHOi3 KHCJIOTbI 6bIJI?H CJie1IyloIU,HMH: KpenoCTb CeJHOfI KHCJIOTbI
97J%p, UPOAOJDKHTellbHOCTb KOHTa'KTa 2 tiaca, OTHOLHeHHe 6eH30Jia
K JgHH3o,aMHJIeHy 5 : 1, TeMnepaTypa peaKuHH 20?.
rlociie OcynleCTBJIeHHq peaKanfi a JIKHJIHPOBaHHSI 6bIJi noJIy-IeH
TexHH,IeCK.BfI H3OE eUHJI6eH3OJI - 4)pa'KAHSI, BbIKHfBIOU BH B npe-
J1eJiaX 180-350?. )Jill 3TOPO npoJjyKTa xapaKTepna 6bIJIa BbICOKasi
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
nJIOTHOCTb - 0,86-0,88, BbICOKaH TeMnepaTypa HatlaJla KpHcTa,n-
JIH3auHH - OT 21 a o 350 H HH3Ka{ KaJIOpHIhHOCTb, He npeBbllHalO-
u{aH 10 100 ICWAIK.2. H3oacIjHJ16eH30JI noaBepraJlcH rllapHpOBa-
HHIO, B LIacTHOCT'H, B npHCyTCTBHH HHKeJlesoro KaTaJIH3aTOpa. YCJIO-
BHH rHApHpoBaHHH 6bIJIH CJieayIOu1HMH: aaBJIeHHe 7 arm, TeMnepa-
Typa 150-2000, 06,beMHac CKOpOCTb 0,2 uac-I.
B pe3yJlbTaTe np,OBeaex.HH BbIIHeyKa'3aHHbIX onepaL[HH 6bIJIH n0-
JIytleHbl TexHHtIeCKH,e q)paKuHH Haq)TeHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOJ1,OB C AJIHH-
HOH 6OKOBOH IjenblO: KOHII:eHTpaun5I Ha4)Te'HOB AoCTHraJIa BO I )paK-
uHHx 08-100%. .
O6MHe CBOHCTBa HeKOTOpbIX CHHTe3HpoBa,HHbIX TeXHHtIeCKHX
q)paKuHH Ha(pTeHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpQJZOB C JIJIHHHOH 60KOBOR I1.enblO
nPHBe,aeHbI B Ta6JIHILe.
CIJIOTHOCTb, 20/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4paK! nOHHbIH COCTaB:
Ha9aJIO KHneHHSI, ?C, . . . . . . .
40% BbIxanaeT npH TeMnepaType, ?C . .
30% ?C . .
50% ?C. .
70% Oc
90% ?C . .
KOHen. KHneHHH, ?C . . . . . . . . . .
1I0Ka3aTeJIb JlygenpeJIOMJIeHHx . . . . . .
TenJIOTBOpHa1 CnO006HOCTb, KKa)z/K2 . . . .
TeMnepaTypa 3aMep3aHHH, ?C . . . . . . . .
CoAep3KaHHe Ha TeHOBbIX yrJleBoAopoA0B, Bec. %
HOHHngHK-
noreKCaH
212
240
249
254
258
266
284
1,4645
10355
-51
98,6
I43oAeLu n-
gHKnoreK-
caH
184
234
253
273
300
332
350
1,4622
10380
-66
98,0
AoueuHn-
gxxnoreK-
caH
270
283
293
312
326
345
365
1,4768
10300
-40
100
1-1pHBeneHHble AaHHble CBHAeTe.nbCTByIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO nOJlytieHHble
CHHTeTHLIeCKHM nyTeM Ha4)TeHOBble yrJIeB0A0p0AbI C aJIHHHOH 6o-
KOBOH UenbIO o6J1aaaloT aeHBbIMH A.JIH TOBJIHB CBOfICTBaMH: BbICO-
KOH nJIOTHOCTbJO, BbICOKOH KaJIOpHHHOCTbIO H HH3KOH TeMnepaTypoH
3aMep3aHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
POMOPEHHOE AEMETfJllIPOBAHfJE KPE3OJIOB
JIA ryas-HHHi, M. r. roHHx6epr
(HucrUTYT opeauuwecxou xuatuu
um. H. 1(. 3eAuucnoeo AH CCCP, Mocxea)
flpoBeAelLHble HccJJe, oBa.HHH rOMOreHHOOr AeCTpyKTHBHOFO
rHApHpOBaHHH ToJlyoJIa H cpexo is nOKa3aJIH, IITO B OTCyTCTBHe Ka-
TaJIH3aTOpOB npH BbICOKHX AaBJIeHHHX BOAOpOAa B OAHHaKOBbIX
YCJIOBHHX AeMeTHJIHpOBanHe TOJIyOJIa npOTeKaeT 3HagIHTeJIbHO
6biCTpee no cpaBHeHHIO c .uerHJJpoxcHJlHpo:BaHHeM (peHOJIa. B o60HX
3THX Rpoueccax rHApHpiOBaHHe apoMaTHLIeCKarO KoJIbua npoHCxo
AHT B BeCbMa He3JIagHTeJIbHOfI CTeneBH. 3TH pe3yJlbTaTbl n03BOJIB-
JIH npeAnOJ1o KHTb, WO B YCJIOBH$IX rOMoreHH0ro AecTpyKTHBHoro
rHApxposaHHH (470-520?, )IasJIeHne 200-600 aTAi) B03MO3KHO
OCyIIjeCTBHTb AeMeTHJI.HpOBaHHe Kpe3OJIOB c nonpIeHHeM 3Hal4H-
TeJIbHbIX BbIXOAOB (peHOJIa (HapHAy c 6eH30JIOM H TOJIyOJIOM). IIpO-
BeAeHHoe HccJie.OBaHHe nO1(TBepAHJIO BTO IIpeAHOJIO3KeHHe.
BbIXOA )KHAKHX HpOAyKTOB (6e3 BOW) HpH roMoreHHOM ACCTPYKTHBHOM
rH.gpNpOBaHHH 0- H JH-Kpe3OAOB
(B BeC. % K HCXOAHOMy Kpe30Jly)
PHa4,
a,nM
HCXOAHb111
Kpe30JI
6eH30JIbHeH
OOa 95?
TOJIYOJIb-
nag
(ppaxuHH
95-f 13?
IIpOMe>tcY-
T04Hag
cppaKINH
113-175?
OeHOJIbHaA
175Pa186?H'
I'ICXOJ[H6113
xpe3oJl'?
Bcero
100
opTO
2,5
7,9
4,3
23,2
49,5
87,4
McTa
0,7
6,1
2,2
9,6
70,3
88,9
200
opTO
7,0
12,0
4,0
29,2
29,4
81,6
McTa
2,8
7,5 .
2,1
12,7
60,5
85,6
300
O PTO
13,8
13,6
3,7
29,9
15,5
76,5
McTa
7,1
10,8
2,2
17,5
39,2
76,8
* B c.nyvae A1-Kpe3o.na - (PpaKIjH3I 175-192?.
** B uii4pbl 3TOr0 CTOJ16ua BKJHO9eH TaKMKe BbMXOA 6o.nee BbICOKOKHHAH(HX
^pOAyKTOB B KOJIH9eCTBe 4-7%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
OnbITbI npOBOAHJIHCb B aBTOKJIaBC npH 490? H HatiaJlbHbIX AaB-
ReHHAX B0,10poAa 100, 200 14 300 ar (MOJIHpHOe COOT'HOHIeHHe
H2 : Kpe30JI COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,9; 1,8 H 2,7). Pe3yJIbTaTbI OnbITOB
C O- N M-Kpe3oJIaMH (npOAOJI}KHTeJIbHOCTb OrlbITa 3 Tiaca) npHBe-
JleHbI B Ta6JIHne.,
I'13 AaHHbIX Ta6JIHgbI CJIeAyeT, TiTO npH H3ygie-HHOM npouecce
MOryT 6bITb (B CJiyliae o-Kpe3oJla) nOJlyTieHbl BbIXOabI q)eHOJIa,
AOCTHralou1He 30 BeC. % K HCXOAHOMy Kpe3OJIy. B CJIyTiae M-Kpe30-
JIa npoueccbI JjeMeTIIJIHpoBaHHH H AerHApOKCHJIHpOBaHHH npOTeKa-
JOT 3Ha4wreJIbHO McAJIeHHee.
11pu POMOPeHHOM AeCTpyKTHBHOM rnApHpOBaHHH Yl-Kpe3oJla
BbIXOAbI BCeX 4 paKuHH 6JI113KH K fOJlyTieHHbIM C O-Kpe3OJIOM.
OAHOBpeMe,HHO C ynOMHHyTbIM'H BbIIIIe npOueccaMH npH I'OMO-
reH,HOM ae'CTpyKTHBHjOM FHApHpOBaHHH Kpe30JIOB npOHCXOASIT TaK-
xKe, c QAHON CTOp;OHbI, pacnaA nocJleAHHX C o6pa30BaHHeM OKHC;I
yrJlepoua H MeraHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB H, c ApyroH CTOpOHbI, pe-
aKuHH aJIKHJIHpOBaH.HH H peKOM6HBHaUHH paAHKaJIOB, npHBOARUIHe
K o6pa3OBaHHIo He6oJIbLnoro KOJIHTIeCTBa BbICOKOKHnHUJ$X npOayK-
TOB (B TiaCTHOCTH, KCHJIe}IOJIOB).
PaAHKaJIbHO-uenHaH cXeMa McXaHH3Ma H3yTieHHOH peaKljHH
BKJIJOTdaeT 3apo)KAeH,He ueneH npH TepMJNeCKOM pa3pblBe CB513eH
HOC6H4CH2-H (HJni HOC6H4-CH3), a TaKxce CH3C6H4O-H.
r1oci CAylolljee pa3B.HTHe ueneH npOHCX0AHT B pe3yJlbTaTe B3aHMo-
JjefCTBHH aTOMapHOrO BOAOpOAa c MOJIeKyJIaMH Kpe30JIa c o6pa30-
BaHHeM paaHKaJIOB C6H4OH H CH3 (a TaK}Ke C6H4CH3 H OH), KO-
TOpble B CBOIO OTiepe.Lb reHepHpyloT aTOMapHbtH BOAOPQA, peal'HpyH
c MOJIeKyJIaMH H2. O6pbIB ueneH npHBOAHT K o6pa3OBaHHFO BbICO-
KOKHnHIUHX npOILyKTOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
PARHOJIH3 PA3JINLIHbIX TI4IIOB YPJIEBOAOPOROB
IO.JI.XMen16HHIKH1, K. I3.3HMHHa,A.A.IIon$KOaa,
B. M. HIIi HTHBa
(BCeC0103Hbl6 Hay Tlno-uccAeaoeaTe.2bCnU6 uncruryT no nepepa60Tve neg5Tu
u 2a3a u no.'cy'lenuio uC?CyCCTeen,oao 2ICu8?cogo Tonauea, Mocmea)
,aJIH BbIHCHeHHH H yTOIIHeH,HH MexaaH3Ma peaKUHll, npOTeKaio-
iuHX B yrJleBOAopoAax IIOA BJTHHHHeM HOHH3HpyIou erO O6JIyHeHHH,
IIpeACTaBJIHeT HHTepeC AeTaJIb.Hoe HC'CJIeAOBaHHe KaK ra3oo6pa3-
HbIX, TaK H )KHAKHX npoAyKTOB pacnaaa. Hcc.leAOBaHHe npoAyK-
TOB paAHOJIH3a yrJIeBOJZopoAoB pa3JIHqHOro CTpoeHHH (C OJ.LHHaKO-
BbIM LLHCJIOM yrJIepOAHbix aTOMOB B MOJieKyJi,e) n03BOJIHCT CAeJiaTb
BbIBOAbI 0 CTa6HJlbHOCTH K o6JlytIeHHIO TaKHX JIHHeflHbIX CTpyKTyp,
KaK reKcaHbl H reKCeHbI, H yrJieBOJjopoAoB II,HKJIHTIeCKOPO CTpoeHnH:
nHKJIOreKcaH, IZHKJIOreKceH, 6eM30JI.
CogeTaHHe AaHHbIX no paJinoJIH3y C pe3yJlbTaTaMH TepMOXHMH-
IIeCKHX H Macc-CneKTpOM,eTpHllecKoro HCCJIe2[OBaHH13 B3aHMoaeN-
CTBHH 3JIeKTpOHOB C M-OJIeKyJIaMH TaK}Ke 6yJieT C1OCO6CTBOBaTb
6ooiee yrJIy6JIeHHoMy H3yIleHH1o IlpoueCCOB paLHoJIH3a.
B KalIeCTBe o6'beKTOB HccJIeaoBaHHH 6bIJIH Bb16paHbl cJIeAyI0-
n1He yrJIeBor opoJ[bl: napa(HH?oBble yrJleBOAOpO;tbI C6H14i a-oJIeIJH-
HbI C6H12, IZHKJIOreKCaH C6H12; L HKJIOreKCeH C6Hio; 6eH30JI C6H6.
OnbITbI npOBOAHJIH npH KoMHaTHO13 H HOBbIIIIeHH.OH" TeMnepaTy-
pax. H3MepeHHe TeMnep,aTypbI npOH3B0AHJIH ABYMH TepMonapaMH,
Coe,aHHeHHbIMH C 3anHCbIBaiomHM n,OTeHgHoM-eTpOM.
O6pa3ubl IIHCTbIX yrJIeBOJ[Opo oB Tn1,aTeJlbHO 0CB060}KAa.IH OT
paCTBopeHi-IbIX ra3O3'B rJIy6OKOM BaKyyMe (10-4. PT. CT.), riocJie
ITero noABepraJlH o6JiytieHHio y-JlygaMH Ko6aJIbTa-60 Ha cn?eL Ha.nb-
HO 06opy2OBaH?HOII ycTaHOBKe, OnHCaHHOI3 B TPyJ[aX KOHq)epe'HI[HH
no MHpHOMy HCnOJIb3OBaHHIo aTOMHo13 3Hepr.HH. MOMHOCTb AO3bI
O6JIyLIeH.HH 3aMepfJin O6meH3BeCTHbIM McTOAOM no npeaparneHH1o,
AByXBaJIeHTHOro 3KeJIe3a B TpexBaJI-eHTHoe. IIomeji;HHH coCTaBJiijia
BeJIHIIHHy nOpiAKa 110-130 penTaea/Ceic B peaxuHOHHbIX ycTpoH-
CTBaX THna BaxyyMHOR aMnyJIbI H AOCTHraiia 200 peitiTaetl/Ceic B
CneuHa.llbnblX KOJIbIjeBbIX peaKTOPHbIX yCTpoIICTBax. B HeKOTOpbIX
OnbITaX, npOBeaeHHbIX Ha apyroM HCTOIIHHKe 06Jiy11eHHH, MOIIJHOCTh.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A03bI paBHHJlacb 800 pel-tTeeK/Celt (onpeAeJI uIacb c n0MOMbIO Tax
Ha3bIBaeMoro uepHeB'oro ,I(o3HMeTpa).
,aim aHaJIH3a ra30o6pa3HbIX npOAyKTOB KIOBeTy c o6pa3uoM
nocJle o6JIygeHH51 noMemaJIH B BaxyyMHyIO cHCTeMy C KaJIH6pOBaH-
HbIMH o&beMaMH; o6pa3eu Aera3HpO-BaJIH, 3aMep5IJIH AaBJIeHHe
BbIAeJIHBIIIerOCH ra3a, nocJle Nero o6pa3eu nepeBoAHJIH B HanyCK-
HyIO CHCTeMy Macc-CneKTpoMeTpa H aHaJIH3HPOBaJIH.
Hp,HMeHSIeMaI CHCTeMa nO3BOJISIeT KOJIHIIeCTBeHHO OueHHBaTb
BbIXOJ( pa3JIH4HbIX npOAyKTOB paJI,HOJIH3a.
B }KHAKHX npoAyKTax p,aAH1oJIH3a c nOMOI1b1O Macc-CneKTpo-
McTpHH yCTaHaBJIHBaJI.H THnbI 06pa3OBaBUIHXCH yrJIeBOAOpOAOB H
HX pacnpeAeJIeHHe no MOJIeKyJIHpHbIM BecaM. THnbI cTpyKTyp He-
npeAeJIbHbIX yrJIeBOAopoAoB 6bIJIH oxapaKTepH3oBaHbI no HHi()pa-
KpaCHbIM H yJIbTpa()HOJIeTOBbIM CneKTpaM norJIOlueH,HH. ApoMaTH-
geCKHHe yrJleBoJ(OpoAbl onpeA.ejISIJIH no CneKTpaM norJIOweHHSI B
y.lbTp a(pHOJIeTe.
B KagecTBe npHM-epa npH;BOJ(HTCSI yrnIeBOAopoLHbII3 cocTas
ra3oo6pa3HbIX npOJ(yKTOB paAHOJIH3a UHKJIoreKcaHa H H.renTaHa:
:RHxnorexcasa I H. renTaHa
MeTaH . . . . . . . . .
3THTIeH . . . . . .
9TaH . . . . .
IlponH.neH . . . . . . .
IlponaH . . . . . . . .
ByTHJfeHbi . . . . . . .
I'I3o6yTaH, H. 6yTaH . . .
AMHneHba . . . . . . . .
I'I30neHTaH, H. neHTaH . .
37,0
13,0
2,0
7,0
4,0
22,0
7,0
8,0
0,0
39,4
12,1
4,7
11,1
8,2
7,5
10,1
1,9
4,8
HaJI.HgHe Bcec raMMbI HenpeaeJlbxbJX H napa(pHHOBbIX yrJIeso-
AopoAoB C1 - C5 yxa3bIBaeT Ha rJly6oKHe npoueccbl npeBpalueHmi,
npo'reKa1OlaHe npH paj(HOJIH3e.
06 3TOM cBH,i(eTeJlbcTByeT TaKxte HajimIHe B )KHAKHX npoAyKTaX
peaKIT;H:H HenpeAeJlbHbIX yrJleBO,uopOAOB, yCTaHOBJIeHHbIX no HH-
4 paKpacHbIM CneKTpaM nor.IOIueHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
METOR LICCJIEAOBAHIflj
COCTABA CYMMAPHbIX DEHOJIOB CMOJI
TEPMWIECROII HEPEPABOTKH TBEPJ MX TOHJIHB
X. T. PayAcenn
(Tait.zunc uu no.7UTexnnuqecvuj. unCTuT7,T)
IIepBooHepemHOIi 3aaawFI AA R xapaKTeprrCTHKH cOCTa'Ba cyM-
MaPHbIX (peHOJIOB gOJDKHO 6bITb onpe1jeJle'HHe KOJIHtIeCTBa oTaeJIb-
HbIX rpyrin coe.HHeH:HI3, O4HO- H JIByxaTOMHbIX (peHoJLoB, reTepo-
uHKJIHtIeCKHX coeJjHH'eHKFI H T. ,q. TaKOH rpynnOBOH aHaJI43- AaJI 6bI
BO3MO)KHOCTb B JjOCTaTOgHOFI CTeIIeHH oxapaKTepH3oBaTb COCTMB
WHpOKHX (ppaKUHR cyMMapHbIX 4eHOJIOB H noKa3aTb B03MO}KHOCTb
HX npOMbIIHJIeHHOrO npHMeHeHHSI.
McTonj onpeJjeJIei ricr rpynnoBoro cocra'Ba cyMMap,Hblx (peHOJIOB
6bLJI pa3pa6OTaH HaMH npH HCCJIeAGBaHHH (peHOJIOB CMOJIbI npH6aJt-
THrICKHX (3CT0HCKHX) CJIaH'neB. CymHOCTb McTojja 3aKJIIOTIaeTCH B
CJIe1IyIoiueM: cyMMap,Hble (peHOJIbI pa3roHHIOTCq Ha 2--5-rpa,jycHble
(ppaKUHH Ha KOJIOHKe 344eKTHBHOCTbIO 15-25 TeopeTH'ZIeCKHX Ta-
peJIOK; noJIygeHHble (ppaKUUHH XapaKTepH3yIOTCH MOJIeKyJISIpHbIM
BecoM, coJjepx{aHHeM rHJjpoKCHJIbHbIX rpynn H 3JIeMeHTapHbIM CO-
CTaBOM; KOJIHLIeCTBa OTJjeJIbHbIX (ppaKLiHFI LIeTKOR neperOHKH Xa-
paKTepH3yK)T KOJIHqeCTBa coe.r HHeHHI3, HMeiou HX TeMllepaTypbI KH-
neHHSI B npe.z eJiaX KHneHHSI (ppaKLjHH. B HacroHLIjee BpeMH HMeeTCH
4'4OCTaTO9H0 gaHHbIX 0 TeMnepaTypax KHneHH5I H'HJjHBHJjyaJHYHbUX
(peH?oJIOB, TITO n03BOJIgeT cae.IaTb BbIBOI bI O CoCTaBe (ppaKu$a. 143
JjaHHbIX aHaJIH3a BbIT4HCJIHIOT )1JI5I KaBKaOI (ppaxwjl3H coJjepxcaHHe
OH-rpynn H aTOMOB KHCJIOpo,r a Ha 1 MOJIb Be.IIjeCTBa. IZOJIygeH Hble
JjaHHble XapaKTepH3yloT coJlepxcaHHe JjByxaTOMHbIX H reTepOIjHK-
JIH'-IeCKHX (peHOJIOB (H noJly3()HpoB) B Kax{Jjox (ppaKijHH. Co,gep-
xcaHHe JjByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB B MOJISIpHbIX npoueHTaX Bblpax{aeT-
cR CJIeJjylonfef3 (popMyJIOI3:
C 100 SOH .17 7
-1 )?100,
a co1jepx{aHHe OKCHKyMapoHOB (H MOHO3(pHpOB JIByXaTOM'HbIX
CpeHOJIOB) 4)OPMyJIOFI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(SOM SOHM 100,
100.16 000.17
rue S OH - couepx{aHHe OH-rpynrlbi;
So- couepx{aHHe KHCJIOpoua;
M - cpeuHHH MOJIeKyJIHpHbII3 Bec 4J aKlHH.
3Haa npeueJlbl KHHeHH5I (lpaKgHH, MO)KH,O C AOCTaTOLIHOIi TOT-I-
HOCTbIO npOH3BeCTH nepec eT MOJIHpHbIX npoLLeHTOB B BeCOBble.
LTYTeM HCnOJIb3OBaHHH yKa3aHHOro McTorLa Onpe,II,eoeHHH rpyn-
IIOBOFO COMM cyMMapHbIX (peHOJiOB yuaJIOCb oxapaKTepH30'BaTb
COCTaB CyMMapHbIX (peHOJIOB CMOJIbI nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH 3CTOHCKHX
CJIaHIjeB H nOKa3aTb, TITO CyMMapHble (peHOJIbI couepx{aT, KpOMe
I'OMOJIOrOB (4eHOJIa, 3HaLIHTeJIbHbie KOJIHTgeCTBa uByXaTOMHbIX (JeHO-
JIOB, Ha(JTOJIOB, OKCHKyMapOHOB, KOTOpble HeO6XOuHMO yT-ICCTb npli
pa3pa6OTKe McTOJZOB HHCHOJIb3OBaHH2 ()eHOJIOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O TEPMHgECI{OM PA3JIOWEHIH
POPIO'IHX CJIAHL EB
TepMHilecxoe pa3Jlo}KeHHe ropio im CJIaHLjeB jjo He jaBHerO Bpe-
McHH paCCMaTPHBaJIH KaK npoljecc nOCJIe;jOBaTeJIbHocI jjeCTPYKLLHII
MaKPOMOJIeKYJIbI opraHHLIeCKOrO BemeCTBa m npoMe}KyTOLIHbIX nPO-
,jyKTOB TepMHzIeCKOro pacnajja ero. MHorne aBTOPbI OHHCb1BaJIH
KHHeTHKy TepMH eCKor0 pa3Jlo}KeHHH KeporeHa no cxeMe peaKLjHH
nepaoro nopH.nKa.
fIpOBejjeHO ncc iejjOBaHne TepMHTiecxoro pa3JIo>KeHM51 rOpio'-inX
CJIaHUeB (KyKepCHT H jjHKTHoHeMOBbIfI cJIaHeIu) B TeMnepaTYPHOM
1HTepB Jle 250-500?.
fIpH TeMnepaTypax HHxce 250?, npn KOTOPbIX BbI,geJIeHHe JIe-
TyLIHX BenjeCTB HHiITO}KHO H BHeUIHHI3 BHjj KeporeHa He McHSIeTC51,
Ha6JIIo,aaeTCSI cyiueCTBeHHoe H3MeHeHHe B XHMHT-IeCKOM XapaKTepe
KeporeHa: FOBbILHeHHe HeHaCbllueHHOCTH OCHOBHOrO yrJlepOjjHOro
CKeJIeTa KeporeHa. Y Ke npH HH3KHX CTeneHAX TepMmIecKOrO pa3-
JI0]KeHHSi KeporeHa 3aMeTHO yMeHbnleHne co J,ep}KaHHSI 9CJHpHOI'O
H CJIO}KH09IJHpHOI'O KHCJIOpoga H B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM yBeJinge-
HHe cojjepxcaHHSI CpeHOJIbHOi%I rHjjpOKCHJIbHOII rpynnbI. TaKHM o6pa-
30M y3Ke B CTaJLHH HH3KOTeMnepaTYPHOfO pa3JI0}KeHHH KeporeHa
Ha6JIIojjaIOTCH BHYTPHMOJIeKYJISipHble neperpynnnpoBxH B MaKpo-
MoJieKyJle. BeCbMa HHTepeCHbII3 CJaKT npeaCTaBJIxeT co6oi3 noSiBJIe-
HHe CpeHOJIbHOIii CTPYKTYPbI npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax. Mm CqH-
TaeM, qTO B 3THX VCJIOBH34X fPOHCXOJUIT BHYTPrIMOJIeKYJISIP,Hble
neperpynnnpoBKn no cJieayioiuef cxeMe:
OH
A2-O-CH2-CH2- -->A2 - CH2-CH2 -
JTOT BbIBOj nOJjTBep>KaaeTCa npHMbIM onpeneaeHHeM CJeHOJIb-
HOI3 rHjjpOKCHJIbHOII rpynnbI, a TaK}Ke YMeHbIIieHHeM paCTBOpHMO-
CTH KeporeHa B opraHnTIeCKHX paCTBOPHTeJi5IX nacre o6pa6OTKH
ero 6e3BOjZHbIM 6POMHCTbIM aJIIOMHHHeM, 143 BbILLIeCKa3aHHOrO c ie-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ayeT, wITO yxce HH3KOTeMnepaTypxa5l o6pa6OTKa Keporexa npH-
BOAHT K ero CTa6HJIH3auHH H o6pa3OBanHIo HOBbIX THROB xHMHLIe-
CKHX CBA3eI3.
PemeHHe npo6JIeM KHHeTHKH TepMHLIeCKOrO pa3JI0}KeHHA Kepo-
reHa c npeAnoJIO}KeHHeM npOTexaHHA peaxuHH nepBOro nap5JKa
He MO}KeT npHBECTH K npaBHJIbHbIM pe3yJibTaTaM. Hap uiy c pa3-
J10}KeHHeM 1ICXOAHOII MO.,'IeKyJIb1 KepOreHa (A) B TepMo6HTyM (B)
H JieTyqHe npOAYKTbI (C) H,II,eT o6pa3oBaHHe TBepAOro ocTaTKa
C HOBbIMH CBOIICTBaMH (A'), pa3JIO}KeHHe KOTOp0FO HOAqHHAeTCH
ApyrHM 3aKOHOMCpHOCTHM:
1)AK>A'+B+C;
2) A, - A" -f- B' -F- C';
3) A? A,,,+ B? + C' H T. A.
CKOpocTb peaxuHH no Mepe ee yrJIy6JIeHHH nocTenexno na-
AaeT. CJIeAOBaTe.TlbHO,
Kl > K2 > K3 H T. A.
DKcnepHMeHTaJlbnble MaTepI1aJIbI noLTBep}KAaIOT npaBHJIb-
HOCTb Haiuer0 BbIBOAa. * ECJIII AJIA onpeaeJieHHA KOHCTaHTbI CKO-
POCTH HOJIb3OBaTbCA ypaBHeHHeM
100
In 100-x'
rAe x - CTefeHb pa3J1o}KeHHA Keporexa B npoueHTax, Torjia
K = Koe-1ix,
rAe K0 H b - KOHCTaHTbI.
DHeprnH aKTHBauHH TepMHgeCKoro pa3J1O}KeHHH KeporeHa B
TeMnepaTypxoM HHTepBaJle 275-350? COCTaBJIHeT 62 100 scan/Jonb.
BbICOKa i 3HeprHH aKTHBaHHH TepMHLIeCKOPO pa3JI0}KeHH51 Kepo-
reHa yKa3bIBaeT Ha pa3pbIB yrJlepoA-yr.nepoAHblx CB513eI3 H, cJIe-
AOBaTeJIbHO, corJlacyeTCH C HaIUHMH npeACTaBJIeHHHMH 0 CTa61IJtH-
3aIZHH KeporeHa.
O6pa3oBaHHe TepMo6HTyMa KaK npoMe}KyTOLIHOn CTaJIHH Tep-
MHYeCKOrO pa3Jlo}KeHH5i ropiomero CJIanua 3aBHCHT OT yCJIOBIIA
npOBeAeHHH HarpeBaHHH. 1-1pH OAHHaKOBbIX CTeneHHX pa3JI0}KeHHH
KeporeHa 6HTyM, noJly'IeHHbIII HpH 6ouuee BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax,
COAep}KHT 6oJIbnle KHCJiOpOAa H McHbII1e yrJIepoAa, He}KeJIH 6HTyM
HH3KOTCMnepaT_ypHoro pa3JI0}KeHI151. 11pH OAHHaKOBOH TeMnepa-
Type 6HTyM C 6oJlbnieu CTeneHblO pa3JIO}KCHHSI coaep)KHT 60JIbUle
yrJlepoAa m MenbHle BOAopoAa, KHCJIOpoaa m cepbl. HCXOAH H3
BbIHIeCKa3aHHOrO, HeJIb3B rOBOpHTb 0 TeMnepaType 6HTyMHHII3a-
19
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
LjHH, TaK KaK 6HTYMHHH3auH5i cJiaHLja KyKepCHTa C XOpOLLIHM BbI-
XOJjOM npOHCXO IIT B LHHpOKOM TeMnepaTypHOM HHTepBaJIe 300-
475?. CBOI3CTBa 6HTyMOB onpe,IjeJIHIOTCH pLT OM napaJIJleJlbHbIX
peaKL[HA: o6pa3OBaHHeM 6HTyMa H3 KeporeHa, pa3JIO}KeHHeM 6H-
TYMa Ha CMOJIy, ra3 H BOJjy, H peaKILHHMH KOHjjeHCaUHH, noJIHMe-
pH3aUHH H BHYTPHMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX neperpynrnHposoK B 6HTyMe H
KeporeH(-.
O6pa3OBaHHe JIerKHX HOrOHOB CMOJIbI npOHCXOgHT B pe3yJIb-
TaTe nepBHLIHoro pa3Jlo}KeHHH KeporeHa. B TeMnepaTypHOM HHTep-
BaJie 300-330? o6pa3yeTCH npHMepHO 85% OT MaKCHMaJIbHoro
BbiXOjja 6eH3HHOBOII (lJpaKuHH, a 15 % - B pe3yJlbTaTe KpeKHHra
TH}KeJIOII CMOJIbI. OTCIOJja MO}KHO CJjeJiaTb 3aKJIIOTieHHe, '-ITO JIeTy-
?IHe Beu eCTBa o6pa3yIOTC51 He3aBHCHMO Jjpyr OT Jjpyra H HBJIRIOT-
CH npOZjyKTaMH nepBH4HOro pa3Jlo}KeHHA.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, XHMH4eCKaR npHpoiia JIeTYLIHX BeLueCTB HH3KO-
H cpe.rweTeMnepaTypHoro pa3Jlo}KeHHH OnpeJjeJ!Herc R B OCHOBHOM
XHMHgeCKHMH CBOHCTBBMH HCXOJjHOFO BenjecTBa, a He BTOpHgHbIMH
peaKuHSIMH B napOBOII (J)a3e.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
X1IMHgECI{AJI HPHPO))A EEPOPEHA
HPHBAJITtfncHoPO I'OPIOtIETO CJIAHIUA RYREPCHTA
H HOBbIIT HYTb EI'O HCHOJIb3OBAHITfi
A. C. DoMHHa, JI. ff. Ho6yab, 3. A. AerTepeBa
(Hucruryr xuxuu AH 9crCCP, Taii iuu)
H3y4aJICA KeporeH KyKepCHTa McTOAOM OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH aecT-
pyKILHH MapraHlleBOKHCJIbIM KaJIHeM B meJIOLIHOH cp'eAe H B3aHMO-
AeHCTBHA C a30THOH KHCJIOTOH pa3JIH4HbIX KOHueHTpaUHH.
Pa3pa6OTaHbI oco6ble yCJIOBHA MHorocTyneH4aTOH OKHCJIHTeJIb-
HCH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa, n03BOJIHBHIHe Bnepsble ny-
TeM OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa BbIAeJIHTb 77,7% yr.ne-
poAa B BHAe opraHH4ecKHx CoeAHHeHHH pa3JIHqHOH CJIOSKHOCTH.
HaHAeHbu yCJIOBHA pa3AeJIbHOH CTVHeH4aTOH AeCTpyKUHH CJIO}KHbIX
OCKOJIKOB nPOAYKTOB pacluenJlexnH KeporeHa. fOKa3aHO, LITO
KeporeH KyKepCHTa He CoAepM{HT yCTOH4HBbIX K OKHCJIHTeJHO
CTpyKTypHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
Pa3pa6OTaHbI yCJIOBHA pa3AeJIeHH5I npOAyKTOB OKHCJIeHHA Ha
rpyn,nbl, OTJIH4aiOUIHeCA no COCTaBV H CBOHCTBaM. H3 npouyKTOB
OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa BbIAeJIeHO 38,4%,
yrJlepoAa B BHAe AByXOCHOBHbIX KHCJIOT BbIIHe HlaB JleBOR (OT AH-
TapHOH AO ce6aIIHHOBOH BKJIIO4HTeJIbHO). fOKa3aHO, 4TO B Be-
H.IecTBe KeporeHa yrJlepoA B HaCbIHIeHHOH 4aCTH CTpyKTypbI CO-
CTaBJIAeT 6OJIee 50%.
HOJIy4eHHble pe3yJlbTaTbI, Kp0Me HX TeopeTHLIeCKOrO no3HaBa-
TeJlbHOrO 3HageHH51, ABHJIHCb OCHOBOH HOBoro XHMH4eCKOro HyTH
nepepa6oTKH CJIaHua KyKepCHTa Ha IByXOCHOBHble HacbIHZeHHble
KHCJIOTbI, npeACTaBJ H0flIHe CO60H OAH'H H3 OCHOBHbIX KOMn,OHCHTOB
AJIA CHHTe3a IIIIIpOKOro aCCOpTHMeHTa XHMH4eCKHX npOAyKTOB.
B3aHMoAeHCTBHe c a30THOH KHCJIOTOH nOKa3a.IO, 4TO KeporeH
KyKepCHTa pearHpyeT no THny CoeAHHeHHH aJIH(paTH4eCKOro Xa-
paKTepa H B yCJIOBHAX, KorAa apoMaTH4eCKHe H OKCHapoMaTH4e-
CKHe COeAHHeHHH nepexOAAT B HHTpo(4eHOJIbI H apyrHe HHTpO-
coeAHHeHHA, B Ka4ecTBe npOAyKTOB OKHCJICHHA o6pa3y!OTCA rJI B-
HbIM o6pa3OM HacbIIIIeHHble AByXOCHOBHble KHCJIOTbl, HCMHOT0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O,L IIOOCHOBHbIX HaCbinjeHHbIX KHCJJOT (2-4%) H CJIO}KHble nOJIII-
EJyHKUHOHaJ!bHble KHCJIOTbI C HH3KHM OTHOfeHHeM C/H = 8. 3TO
yKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, '-ITO B BeLUeCTBe KepOreHa He CO,i(ep}KaTCH
B CKOJIbKO-HH6yJ.jb 3Ha'-IHTeJIbHbIX KOJIIILIeCTBax OKCH6eH3OJIbHble
CTpyKI'ypHble 3JIeMeHTbI, HMCIOHj1eCB B ryMHH,OBbIX KHCJIOTaX.
fIocJleJjHee JjaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb npe.jrloJlaraTb, IITO BbICOKOe co-
Aep)KaHHe CpeHOJIOB B CMOJIe nOJIyKOKCOBaHHSI 3TOFO CJiaHUa o6y-
CJIOBJIHBaeTCSI He HMeJOIIWMHCSI B CTpyKType KeporeHa npOH3BOJj-
HbIMH CpeHOJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB, a COeaHHeHHBMH C aJIII(paTHgeCKHM
yrJiepoJ[OM. 3TH COeaHHeHHB B pe3yJlbTaTe L erHJjpaTauHH no,j
BJIHSIHHeM BBICOKHX TeMnepaTyp HJIH npH HeBbICOKHX TeMnepaTy-
pax nOJJ B03Ae CTBHeM peareHTOB, pe3KO CHH}KaK)IuHX 3HeprHlo
aKTHBauIH 3TOro npouecca,Jierxo apoMaTH3HpyIOTCH H, B 0006eH-
HOCT14, JlerKO O6pa3yJoT MOHO- H fOJIHCpeHOJIbI.
H3y1IeHHe B03MO)KHOCTH HCrOJIb3OBaHHH a30THOr4 KHCJIOTbI P.
Ka'-IeCTBe npOMbImJIeHHoro OKHCJIHTeJIH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa IJIH
HOJIy4eHHH IjByXOCHOBHbIX KHCJIOT OT SIHTapHOIl KHCJIOTbl AO ce6a-
IJHHOBOII nOKa3ajIo, LITO a30THaH KHCJIOTa MWKeT 6bITb npHMeHeHa
B KOHueHTpHpOBaHHOM BHJje 6e3 Jao6aBJIeHHH H B pa36aBJIeHHOM
BHJje noa gaBJIeHHeM. flpH 3TOM BbIXO. KIICJIOT J[OXOJjHT HO BUY J10
55% OT HCXO2HOFO KepOreHa. OKHCJIeHHe npOBOAHJIOCb Ha KOHueH-
TpaTe KeporeHa c co,1ep?KanneM 85-90% opraHH'Iecxoro Beiue-
CTBa. CTOHMOCTb HCXO2HOTO KOHueHTpaTa, CLIHTaH HH)KHHI1 npe,geiI
BbIX'O,Aa KHCJIOT 300 Ke/T, He aOCTHraeT 1000 py6. Ha TOHHY BbIIIIe-
yKa3aHHOIt CMeCH KHCJIOT. Pacxoj a30THOfI KHCJIOTbI Ha TOHHy
COCTaBJISIeT MBKCHMaJIbHO 1 :9 (60% KOHueHTpauHH). HCXOJ[8 H3
IjaHHbIX Jla6opaTOpHbIX HCCJIe2jOBaHHII CLIHTaeM npouecc OKHCJIH-
TeJIbHOIt nepepa60TKH KOHueHTpaTa KeporeHa Ha HacblujeHHble
fByXOCHCBHble KHCJIOTbI 3KOHOMHTIeCKH UeJIeCoo6pa3HbIM. 3anacbl
CbIpbSI 1JIH 3TOPO npouecca npaKTH'eCKH MO)KHO CLIHTaTb Heorpa-
HHLIeHHbIMH. IIOJIy'-IeHHe KOHUeHTpaTa He npe21CTaBJIHeT TpyJ[HO-
cTeII.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O COCTABE COERIHEHIfl PHAA BEH3OJIA
H THO(DEHA B JIE1I{HX (DPARIjHHX CMOJIbI
TEPMHLIECROTO PA3JI07KEHHH CPEAHEBOJIMCRHX
CJIAHIJEB CABEJIbEBCF OFO MECTOPO?IC)JEHHII
B. II. a)egopoB, fl. I. FoabJ4)ap6, r. H. ropymunHa
(Hucruryr opeauu'tecnou xuMuu uM. H. 4. 3ereuucicoeo AH CCCP, Mocxea)
I'13ytleH HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIH H KOJIHYeCTBeHHbIH COCTaB coeAHHe-
HH13 p5iaa 6eH3oJIa H THo(peHa, 3aKJIloLIaloIUHXCH B JIerKOH CppaKUHH
CMOJIbI TepMH4eCKOrO pa3JIo>KeHHSI cpeAHeBOJI}KCKHX CJIaHueB Ca-
Be.nbeBCKOrO McCTOpo)KjjeHH5I.
BbInII ncc.zeAOBaHbI aBa o6pa3ua JIerKOII (ppaKUHH CMOJIbI,
noJIyLIeHHble Ha 9KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOH yCT'aHOBKe B Ta.IJIHHe
DHHHoM AH CCCP COBMeCTHO C I4HCT14TYTOM XHMHH AH DCCP.
OAHH o6pa3elj CppaKUHH 6bIJI OTOrHaH AO 200' 143 CMOJIbI, nOJIy-
LIeHHOH npouecco DHI'IHa npl4 TepMHL4eCKOM pa3JIO}KeHHH CJIaH-
ueB (TeMnepaTypa 400?) ; apyrofl o6pa3eu C TeMnepaTypoll KHne-
H1451 Ao 200? 6bIJI BbIAeJIeH H3 CMOJIbI, noJly4IeHHOH TeM ?Ke npoUeC
coM npH 725?.
XHMHqeCKHMH 14 Cpv131ILIeCKHMH McTOAaMH 6bIJI noJIyLIeH THO-
(peHoapoMaTHLIeCKHII KOHUeHTpaT, coAep}KaUJ,HH CBbIHIe 90% coe-
AHHeHHH p uia THOCpexa H ap0MaTHLIeCKHX yrJIeBOAOpoJOB.
,UJISI yCTaHOBJIeHHSI XHMHLIecKOH npHpOjjbI THo(peHOBbIX coeAH-
HeHHII H ap0MaTHKH H OIIpe,eaIeHHSI HX KOJIHLIeCTBa KOHueHTpaT
6bIJI pa3orHaH Ha (ppaKUHH, KHn IU.jHe B HHTepBaJlax 78-850
109-114?, 134-138" H 156-163?.
,aeICTBHeM Ha 9TH (ppaKUHH BeuiecTBaMH, H36HpaTeJlbno pea-
rHpyloul,HMH npeHMyujeCTBeHHO C HaH6oJIee aKTHBHbIMH THoCpe-
HaMH, 6blJln BbljjeJleHbl npoH3BoAHble THOCpeHa H ero rOMOJIOrOB H
OTO}K)IeCTBJIeHbr C COOTBeTCTByloIIuHMH CHHTeTHLIeCKHMH o6pa3-
uaMH.
TaK, H3 uccJIejjOBaHHbIX o6pa3uoB CJIaHueBbIX MaceJi 6bIJIH
BbIAeJIeHbI H OTO}K,aeCT'BJIeHbI cJIeAy1o'uHe coeAHHeHH I: 6eH30JI,
TOJIyOJI, 11-KCHJIOJI, Ha(pTaJIHH, THO(peH, 2-McTHJITHO(peH, 2,5-AHMe-
THJITHOCpeH, 2-McTHJI-5-3THJITHOCpeH. I-10JIyLIeHHb1e AaHHble 6bIJIH
aHHSI
.
nO,TTBep]KAeHbI TaKwe OnTHLIeCKHMII McToaaMH HccJIe)AOB
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KOJIHYecTBeHHOe OnpeJjeJleHHe THO(JeHa H ero rOMOJIOFOB B
yxa3aHHbIx BbILue ())paKIHSIX, coJ(ep]KaI4ox em e He6ojlbuioe KoJIH.-
geCTBO Henpe)jeJlbHbIX yrJIeBoaopOJjoB, OCHOBaHO Ha npHMexeHHH
McTOJja 6poMHpoBaHHH H IIOAHpOBaHHSi, pa3pa6oTaHHoro J1JISI
TaKHX cMececI.
,aim oueHKH coJjep}KaHHH THO(peHOBbIX COeJJHHeHHI3 H apoMa-
THgeCKHX yrJIeBOJ[opoJIOB npHBOJ[SITCH JjaHHbie aHaJIH3a HCCJIeJ[o-
BBHHbIX o6pa3uoB B nepeCYeTe Ha 1 T CyXOI'O cJlaHua.
1) JIericax cppaKJJHH CMOJIbi, noJiyneHHax npH TepMHgeCK0M
pa3JI0}KeHHH caBeJlbeBCKHX CJIaHgeB npH 400?, co,i[ep3KHT OKOJIO
0,29 Ka 6e i3oJia, 0,82 Ke ToJIyo ia, 0,60 K2 KCHJIOJIOB, 0,17 K2 THO-
cpeHa, 0,96 ice 2-McTHJITHOCpeHa, 1,28 Ke 2,5-J[HMeTHJITHO(~eHa,
1,04 K2 2-McTHJH-5-3THJITHO())eHa. KpoMe TOro, npH XpoMaTorpa-
c HpOBaHHH BbIJjeJIeHO 5,95 Ke MaJlocepxxcTOro (0,03% S) 6eH311-
Ha, B COCTMB KOTOpOrO BXOJj5IT rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM aJIH(paTHgeCKHe
yrJIeBO,gOpO,jbl.
2) Jlerxasl (ppaxuH5 CMOJIbI, no.ny4eHHaH npH TepMHT-IecKOM
pa3JIO)KeHHH CaBeJIbeBCKHX cJlaxueB npH 725?, coj[ep}KHT OKOJI:7
1,12 Ke 6eH3ojia, 1,53 Ke ToJIyoJIa, 0,72 Ke xcHJloiia, 0,17 Ke THO-
())eHa, 0,52 Ke 2-McTHJITHO())eHa, 0,70 ice 2,5-J]HMeTHJITHO(i)eHa H
0,5 Ke 2-McTHJI-5-3THJIT'HOC))eHa. 9Ta ())paKHjHH nO4TH He COJjepa{HT
aJIH(jaTH4eCKHX yrJleBo,gopo,l;oB.
~IaHHbie HccJle,L oBaHH f n03BO.II IiOT caeJIaTb cJIeJjyloujHe BbI-
BOJ[bI: H3 CMOJIbI TepMHTieCKoro pa3JIo>KeHHA cpe,gHeBOJI)KCKHX
cJIaHueB McTO.z OM )HI4Ha AH CCCP MOFYT 6bITb noJlyLleHbI ueH-
HbIIe nPOJ[yKTbI B npaKTHTieCKH npHeMJIeMOM KOJIHgecTBe (CBMru('
0,5%, CIHTaH Ha cyxofi CJIaHeu).
ConocTaBJIeHHe IaHHbIX 0 XHMHgiecKof npHpoae coe1[HHeHHIi H
KOJIH4eCTBeHHOM coJjepxcaHHH THOc eHOB H apoMaTHLIecKHX yrJie-
BO,jOpO)[OB B HCCJIeJ(OBaHHbIX Macjiax nOKa3bIBaeT, iIT'O npouecc
TepMHYecxoro pa3JIO}KeHHSI cJlaHueB npH 725? COHPOBO}KJ(aeTCSI
apoMaTH3auHel3 He TOJIbKO 3a c'-IeT aJIH(jaTH~IecKHx yrJIeBO,JOpOJ[OB,
HO TaK}Ke H BCJIeJjCTBHe 06eCCepHBaHHH roMOJIorOB THO(rexa,
BepOATHO, nO,j BJIHSTHHeM CyJIb(JHJ[OB TSIDKeJIbIX McTaJIJIOB. 3TO
nOJjTBep}KJIaeT 3aMeTHOe CHH}KeHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO KOJIHqeCTBa
roMOJIOrOB T'HO4 eHa B )KH)[KHX npOJ[yKTaX TepMHTlecxoro pa3JIO-
x{eHHSI cJianueB npH 725? no cpaBHeHHHo c npoueccoM npH 400?.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 BbIJ(EJIEHHH H HCHOJIb3OBAHHH
ABYXATOMHbIX DEHOJIOB IIOJIYIfORCOBAHHFI
H FHJ[POPEHH3AIIHH LIEPEMXOBCKHX YI'JIEII
A. A.HpyrnnROB
(JJuxue-Tasiwebcxuu 3aeoO n4acrmacc)
B npoueccax nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH H rHAporeHH3auHH LLepeMxoB-
CKHX yrJieH noJlyuaeTcH 6OJIblIOe KOJIHLIeCTBO OAHOaTOMHbIX H:
AByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB, H3BJIeKaeMbIX H3 CTOLIHbIX BOA 3KCTpaK-
LIHeR 6yTHJIaueTaTOM. IIOJIyliaeMble noc ie oTrOHa 6yTH.naueTaTa
Cblpbie (peHOJibi COAep}KaT 6oJlee 50%, ABYXaTOMHbIX (f eHOJIOB:
nHpOKaTeXHHa, pe30PIHHa H HX McTHJIbTIbIX H ApyrHx aJIKHJIbHbIX
npOH3BOAHbIX. JUJIH pa3,Je.lIeHH5i CMeCH AByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB Ha
OTAeJIbHble H3oMepbl Hy?KHa HCKJIK)LIHTeJIbHO LIeTKa i peKTH(pHKa-
uHH, npHLIeM B CB513H C TeM, LITO AByXaTOMHble (peHOJIbI BeCbMa
CKJIOHHbI K OCMOJIeHHIO. HeO6XOj[HMO OCTaTOLIHoe AaBJIeHHe Me-
Hee 1 htA-l pT. CT. H Tpe6yeTC5I 0CTeKJIeHHaI annapaTypa. B CHJiy
3THX npHLiHH pa3AeJIeHHe CMeCH ABYxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB Ha OT-
AeJIbHble H3OMepbi nyTeM peKTH(pmKauHH BeCbMa 3aTpyAHIITeJIbHO
H HH B O.AHOH CTpaHe B npoMblHlJieHHOM MacLuTa6e He ocyLueCT
BJIeHO.
HaMH foJIy4eH ?IHCTbIH nHpOKaTexuB, BbiAeJIeHa CyMMapHaH
(IJpaKLHH AByXaTOMHbIX (4eHOJIOB.
)[Jiff noJly1IeHHH nHpOKaTeXHHa Ha peKTH(jHKauHOHHbIX KOJIOH-
Hax OT6HpaJIH cppaKUHK), BbIKHnaloluyl0 B npeAe.lax 225-260? H
npeACTaBJIHIoLUyI0 co6oH CMecb nHpoxaTexnxa, 3-McTHJInHpoxa-
TeXHHa, 4-McTHJInHpOKaTeXHHa H BbICHIHX 0AHOaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB,
BbIKHnaJoau'X B 3TOM TeMnepaTypHOM I1HTepBaJle. Pa3AeJIeHHH
OAHoaTOMHbIX H AByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB AOCTHraJIH H3BJIeLIeHHeM
nHpOKaTexMHOB BOAOH C noCJleAyIOLUHM OTI'OHOM BOAbI B BaKyyMe.
143 nOJIyLIeHHOH I1PH 3TOM CMeCH nnpOKaTeXHHOB cam nHpoKaTeXHII
npH McAJIeHHOM oxJIa}KAeHHH XOpOI1IO BbIKpHCTaJIJIH30BbIBaJICH.
KpHCTaJIJIbI OT)KHMaJIH Ha ueHTpH(pyre H npOMbIBaJIH AHXJIOp3Ta-
HOM. 17oJIy'IaeMblH HpH 3TOM TeXHHLIeCKHH nHpOKaTeXHH - ueHHeH-
wee cblpbe AJIH npoH3BO,i[CTBa (~ apMaueBTHLIeCKHX npenapaTOB,
Ay6HTeJIeYi H CHHTeTHLIeCKHX KpaCHTeJiel - nepBbII COBeTCKHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
npenapaT nHpoxaTexHHa. Ro 3Toro IiHpOKaTexHH BBO3HJICB H3-3a
I'paHHubI.
IIocJie oT6opa Ha peKTH(jJHKaLIHOHHbIX KOJIOHHax (ppaKLHH,
BbIKHnalolueli B npeReJiax 225-260?, B Ky6ax OCTaeTCSI cMecb
11ByXaTOMHbIX (JCHOJIOB H o6pa3oBaBLL1HxcH B npouecce peKTH(pH-
KauHH npOAyKTOB OCMOJIeHHH. floJIygeHHe aByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB
nyTeM ,gaJIbHeiInleli 4HCTHJIJI5IUHH 3i-Oro OCTaTKa CBH3aHO CO 3Ha-
qHTeJIbHbIMH HOTepHHMH BCJIe,aCTBHe OCMOJIeHHSI. B CBH3H C 3THM
6bIJI pa3pa6OTaH McTO1I H3BJIelIeHHSI H3 3TOFO OCTaTKa CyMMapHOFO
KOJIHqecrBa ABYXBTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB nyTeM 3KCT'paKUHH HX B0, 10A.
M3 nOJIy4eHHoro npH 3TOM BO,i[HOTO paCTBopa ,uByXaTOMHble (pe-
HOJIbI MorVT 6bITb Bb11(eJieHbI OTrOHKOfI BO1(bI B BaKyyMe, 3KCTpaK-
uHeIi 6yTHJIaL[eTaTOM HJIH BbIcaJIHBaHHeM, npHtleM nepBbIR H3 3THX
Tpex nyTefl OKa3a.mcsI npel[nOgTHTeJIbHee. rloJlyTieHHaH ( paKuHSI,
npel[CTaBJIHIoIua5I C06oc! CMeCb AByXaTOMHbIX q)eHOJIOB, CJIY}KHT
OTJIHLIHbIM CbIpbeM JZJISI H3FOTOBJIeHH51 CHHTeTHgeCKHX CMOJI
H HJIaCTMaCC.
Oco6bIII HHTepec npe, cTaBJISieT noJiygeHHe 3UOKCH4HbIX CMOJI
nyTeM KOHJLeHCaUHH 3THX (peHOJIOB C 3nHXJIOprrIJ[pHHOM B Lue.nON-
HOII Cpeae. IIoJIytIaeMble npH 3TOM 3HOKCHCMOJIbI He yCT'YnaIOT no
CBOHM 1OKa3aTeJIHM CMOJIaM, 1OJIyT CHHbIM Ha OCHOBe J e(JHuHT-
Horo AH(peHHJIOJInponaHa. XapaKTepHO, TITO nOJIyLIeHHble Ha CyM-
MapHOIi ()paKUHH aByxaTOMHbIX (1 eHOJIOB 3nOKCHAHbie CMOJIbI
HMeIOT 3Haq-IHTeJIbHO McHbIi1YIO B5I3KOCTb, tieM CMOJIbI Ha JII1c)eHH-
00JInponaHe C TeM x{e COJ[epxKaHHeM 3nOKCHJHbIX rpynn. Pa3pa-
60TKa TeXHOJIOrHH noJlyqeHHH 3nOKCH1(HbIX CMOJI Ha OCHOBe CyM-
MapHOII CppaKL[HH 1 ByXaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB 3Ha'-IHTeJlbHO pacH.IH-
pAeT CbIpbeBylo 6a3y HpOH3BO.r CTBa 3nOKCHCMOJI H n03BOJMeT BO
MHOrO pa3 VBejIHLIHTb npOH3BOACTBO 3THX CMOJI B COBeTCKOM
COI03e.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HPHPOAHbIE RAPBHAbI YPAHA
B MArMATHiIECRHX UPHCTAJIJIHLIECRHX HOPOAAX
11 HX POJIb B OEPA3OBAHH14 HEcDTH H BHTYMOB
(D. H. CanplaxHH
(Bcecoro3ubau uaysuo-uccneOoearercbc1u(L eeoaoauaecl#uii ULUCruryr,
JleuuuapaO)
IIpeAHoooxceHHe o CyH eC'I'BOBaHHH npHpOAHbIX Kap6HIIOH TSI-
xce.nblX McTaJIJiOB BIIepBble BbICKa3aJI R. H. McHAeJIeeB. MM 6bIJIa
?C03jiaHa TeopHSI HeopraHHoIeCKoro npOHCXO}KjjeHHSI HeC~TH.
ii. 14. McH,aeJleeB AOnyCKaji HpOHHKHOBeHHe BOAbI BHyTpb 3eMJIH
Ha 3HatilHTeJIbHyIO rJIy6HHy, rjje, no ero MHeHHK), HaXO,L&HJIHCb Kap-
'614AbI TR}KeJIbIX McTaJIJIOB H, B LIaCTHOCTH, Kap6HA }KeJIe3a. IIpii
B3aHMOAeHCTBHH BOAbl C Kap6HAa'MH Ii o6pa3OBbIBaJIaCb He(pTb.
B 1896 r. MayccoxoM B JIa6oparopnbIX yCJIOBHHx 6bIJl no,nytieH
xap6HA ypaHa. Ua.nee 6bIJIo yCTaHOBJIeHO cyH.ieCTBOBaHHe ABYX
xap6HAOB ypaxa: MOHO- H RHKap6Hq. Moxoxap6Hjj noayzIaeTCH 143
Me?raaljnHgecxoro ypaxa H yr.nepojia HpH HarpeBaHHH Ao 2100?,
a AHKap6Hjt ypaxa - npH 6o.nee BbICOKoc TeMnepaType. Ec.nH
yrJlepoA 3aMeHHTb McTaHOM, To MOHOKap6H)j ypaxa o6pa3yeTcH
HpH 60Jiee HH3KHX TeMnepaTypaX, nopsl,gxa 625-900?. gHKap6HAbI
o6pa3y1oTCA npH TeMnepaTypaX CBbIHie 1000?.
Kap6HAbI ypaHa 51BJJBIOTCH HCKJIIOiueHHeM 143 rpyHnbI Kap6HjLoB
TA}KeJIbIX McTaJIJIOB H npH pa3JIO}KeHHn BOji0H, pa36aBJIeHHbIMn
paCTBOpaMH COJIBHOH, a30THOH H cepHOH KHCJIOT AaloT He auieTHJIeH,
a OKOJIO 1/3 ra3006pa3HbIX yrJleBOAopoAOB H OKOJIO 2/3 }KHAKHX H
TBepJl,bIX yrJIeBOAOpOJ 0B. Pa3Hoo6pa3He npOAyKTOB B3aHMOjieH-
CTBHB Kap6HAoB ypaHa C BOAOH 06'bHCHBeTCB H3MeHeHHeM BaJle'HT-
HOCTH ypaxa BO BpeMB pa3JIO}KeHHH H paAHOaKTHBHbIM B03AeH-
CTBHeM ero Ha o6pa3yK)H.i'HeCH yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
HaJIHiIHe Kap6HAOB ypaxa B MarMaTHllecxHX KpHCTaJIJIH4eCKHX
nopojiaX HaMH 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJIeHO CJIy4aIHO. B OAHOM H3 TeKTOHH-
LIeCKHX pa3JIOMOB CpeAHei A3HH, rje XOpOHIO BbIpa}KeHa pyAHaB
ypanosasl MnHepaJIH3aUHq, 6bIJIH Ha1AeHbI XOJIOjHble HCTOLIHHKH
C ra30BbiaeJIeHHeM. Mo}KHo 6bIJi0 npejinoJlaraTb, TO ra30BbI,IgeJ1e-
HHe CB513aHO C 3p03HOHHOA AeBTeJIbHOCTb1O 3THX BO)Z Ha KpHCTaJI-
jIH'-IeCKne nopoAbI, gift HpOBepKH 3TOr0 6bIJIH OTO6paHbI nOpOAbI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pa3JIHwIHOro neTporpaCMHtlecxOrO COCTaBa H B Jla6opaTOpHbIX yCAO-
BHHX npOBeaeHO Hx pa3JIO}xeHHe c.na6onoAKHcJIeHH0iI BOAOII.
YCTaHOBJleHO, tiTO npH KOMHaTHOII TeMnepaType ra3bl pa3JIO-
iKeHHH He coAep}xaT McTaHa HJIH co ep}KaT TOJIbKO CJIeAbI ero.
1IpH HarpesaHHH Ao 80? npOHCXOIHT 6ypxoe ra3o'BbIaeJIeHHe c no-
BbIIIIe'HHbIM cOAep)KaHHeM McTaHa. I-leM 60JIbUIe ypaHa co, epxcHT
nopoAa, TeM 6oJlbnle B ra3e McTaHa. BbIJIO TaK}Ke yCTaHOBJIeHO,
4T0 Ha KOJIH'IeCTBeHHbIII BbIXOA McTaHa BJIHHeT CTeneHb pa3Apo6-
JIeHHOCTH nopoA. 4eM TOHbLH pa3Apo6JIeHa nopoAa, TeM McHbnle
BbIXOA McTaHa.
fIpH HccJIeAOBaHHH COCTaBa nOAHO'BeHHOro ra3a B 30He pa3-
JIOMa c ypaHOBOII MHHepaJIH3aUHeli McTOAOM Macc-cneKTporpaq)HH
6bJJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO npllcyTCTBHe B ra3aX, KpoMe McTaHa, yrJIeBo-
AOpOAOB C BbICOKHM MOJIeKyJIHpHbIM BeCOM (42; 54-56; 69-70;
83-84; 97-98; 111-112). KoJIH4ecTBO TaKHX yrJleBoAopoAoB
B ra3e COCTaBHJIO 10-2-10-4% no o&beMy. TIpHCyTCTBHe B ra3e
yrJIeBOAOpOAOB C BbICOKHM MOJIeKyJIHpHbIM BecoM HBJIHeTCH npH-
3HaKOM cylueCTBOBaHHH B nPHPOAHbIX yCJIOBHSIX AHKap6HAoB ypa-
Ha. IIpH pa3JI03KeHHH AHKap6HAa ypaHa o6pa3yeTCH 9THJIeH, KOTO-
pbIH noA B034eIICTBHeM o6pa3OBaBIHeIICH rHApOOKHCH ypaHa
nOJIHMepH3yeTC3T C o6pa3oBaHHeM MOJIeKyJI BbICOKOI'O MOJIeKyJIHp-
HorO Beca (56, 84, 112). MOJieKyJlbl C np-oMe}KyTO'gIHbIMH MOJIeKy-
JIHpHbIMH BeCaMH (42, 70, 88) yKa3bIBaIOT Ha TO, TITO B npoueccax
rlOJIHMePH3auHH HPHHHMaeT y'aCTHe TaK}Ke H MOTaH. Ha B03MO3K-
HOCTb nOJIHMepH3auHH yrJIeBOAopOAOB HOA B03AeIICTBHeM paAHO-
aKTHBHOI1 9MaHauHH YKa3blBaeT luJIe3HHrep H pyre HcCJIeAoBa-
Te.IIH.
flpouecc noJIHMepH3auHH He 3aKaH4HBaeTCH C o6pa3oBaHHeM
yr.neBoAopoAOB MonexyJlHpHOrO Beca 112, a HAeT AaJlbiue c o6pa-
30BaHHeM }KHAKHX H TBepabIX yrJleBOAopoAOB. Ha 3TO yxa3blBaror
MHOroT4H-c Ie'HHble {paKTbl HaXO}KAeHHH yrJIeBOAOpOJ OB B KpHCTaJIJIH-
4eCKHX nopojax THna TyxoJIHTa, Kap6ypaxa, xap6yuepa Hec)Teno-
Ao6HbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB H Heq)TH.
BbIIHeH3JIw i eHHoe AaeT OCHOBaHHe yTBep}KAaTb, 'ITO BbICKa3aH-
Hoe a. H. McHAeJleeBblM npeAnoJIO}KeHHe o CyrueCTBOBaHHH B npH-
pOAHbIX yCJIOBHHX Kap6HAOB McTaJIJIOB HBJIHeTCH peaJIbHOII AeIiCT-
BHTeJIbHOCTbIO. Kap6HAbI TH}KeJibIX McTaJIJIOB, B 4aCTHOCTH ypaHa,
He 065T3aTeJIbHO AOJI}KHbI HaX'OAHTbCH Ha 6oJIbLUHX ray6HHax. OHH
MOryT HaXOAHTbCSI B MarMaTH4eCKHX KPHCTaJIJIHt;eCKHX nopoAax,
BbIXOAHHjHX Ha 3e'MHVIO nOBepXHOCTb.
IIpoBe,aeHHble HCcJIeAOBaHHH HBJIHK)TCH nepBbIM nlaroM K nO-
CTaHOBKe 6ojiee lIHpOKOrO H3y'eHHH MarMaTmieCKHX nOPOA KaK
MaTepHHCKHX HeCJTeO6pa3y}0IH,HX HOpOA.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
If BOHPOCY 0 3AIfOHOMEPHOCTRX
HPOIRECCA ROI{COBAHH}I YTJIEII
J. M. JIHCHH
(Xu. ui w-MeTa.a.aypeuueciuu UUCT1LTYT 3anaauo-Cu6upcnozo orae.?enu.
AH CCCP, Hoeocu6upci )
B pemeHHH aKTyaJibH0i3 inpo6JleMbl IIInpoKOrO HCIIOJIb3OBaHHH
B npOH3BOACTBe ROMeHHOFO KOKca ra30BbIX yrJlei BOCTOKa CTpaHbi,
B CB313H C OrpOMHbIM pa3BHTHe.M TaM LIepHOI3 McTaJlnyprHH H XH-
MnileCKOI3 npOMbIIIIJIeHHOCTH, HMeeT cylueCTBeiiHoe HayiiHoe n
npaKTHileCKoe 3HaileHne 3a.1aua y'CTaHOBJIe'HHH 06nIHX 3aKOH'OMep-
HOCTei peaJIbHoro npouecca 'KOKCOBaHHH yrjiei-i (Maxponpolzecca).
CJIO3KHOCTb H He113BeCTHOCTb XHMH ieCKOPO COMM yr.ne1, pa3-
Ho06pa3He HX CBOI-ICTB, HeH3OTepMHiIHOCTb npouecca, CneuHq)HKa
'i'a30BbIX yrjlefi H ap. AeJIaiOT fO1ITH HeBO3MO)KHbIM npHMOe HCHOJib-
3oBaHHe McTOAOB OpraHH'ileCKOH XHMHH H XHMH4CCKON KHHeTHKII
nHAHBHAyaJIbHbIX peaKigHi3. FO3TOMy B nOHCKaX CneuHaJlbHbIX Me-
TOAOB HccJIeaOBaHH5i 6bIJIH npHMeHeHbl B nePBOM npH6JIH>KeHHII
-McTOAbI TeOPHH noAo6H5i, Oc06eHH0 HHTerpaJIbHOPO noao614n, li
McTOAbI CTaTHCTHgeCKOrO HccJieAOBaHHH (o6o6mgeHHble XapaKTepn-
CTHKH rIpOueCCOB).
Pe3yJIbTaTbl nePBbIX HccJIeAOBaHHII paOCMaTpHBaioTCH no TpeM
BonpocaM: o6uzas cxeMa npauecca KOKOOBaHn} yr.iief; npH6op
(yCTaHOBKa) ; McTOAbi aHaJIH3a, o6o6II;eHHH H pe3yJlbTaTbl HX.
IlpeACTaBJIeHa o6lua5 cxeMa npouecca KOKCOBaHHH yrJiei Kai:
KOMnJIe'KCa TenJIOBbIX, XHMHqeCKHX H q)H3HK0-XH,MHiieCKHX npouec-
'COB. OHa 1103BOJIHJIa OTTeHHTb cnelu-r4)HKY KOKCOBaHHH B npouecce
nHPOJIH3a TOrIJIHBa, yCMOTpeTb iieTbTpe rpynnbI B03MO)KHbIX npHH-
IZHHHaJIbHbIX TeXHOJIOrHtieCKHX cxeM npouecca IIO tieTbipeM npH-
3HaKaM H Bbipa3HTb npouecc 06iuHM ypaB'HeHHeM:
K =+(T, T, V, U), (1)
TAe K - KOKC, ero CBOHCTBa, 'r - BpeMH, T - Ten JIOBble npOI(eccbi,
V - XHMHgeCKHe npoueccbl, U -'(pH3HKO-XHMHtIeCKHe H3MeHeHH54
KOKCyeMOPO CJI0H.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HO Tpe60BaHHIo cxeMbl H ypaBHeHHeI (1) HccJIeJjoBaHbI CBOT-I-
CTBa npoMbIHIJIeHHorO KOKCa K, KaK onpeJjeJIHeMoro COCTOIHHH S
ypaBHeHHH (1), H pa3pa6OTaHbI 'Ha OCHOBe TeopHH HOJjo6HH npH-
6op JrJIH TepMHTlecxoro H3y~IeHHH yrJiei3 IITY-4 c 3arpy3KOK yrJIH
j o I /C2 H Jla6opaTOpHaH ycTanosxa. OHH !n03BOJIHJIH CHHMaTb B
KOHetIHOM H ,IZHHa,MHT-IeCKOM BHJje XapaKTepHCTHKH onpej[eJ1HloIuHx
COCTOHHHN npo'Ijecca (1) : 'r H T, V - KaK CTeneHb H CKOpOCTb npe-
BpaH.jeHHH yrJIH no JleTy'IHM, CMoJIe, ra3y, HIIpOreHeTH1IeCKOI3 BOJje
H Jjp., U - KaK (cH3HKO-XHMHTieCKHe H3MeHeHHH cpeAbI no yJjeJIb-
HOMy 06'beMy, BHyTpeHHeI3 HanpHB{eHHOCTH, BH3KOCTH, a TaK)Ke
aHaJIH3HpoBaTb 'pe3yJIbTaT HO KOKCy H BceM XHMHIIeCKHM npOJjyK-
TaM.
HyTeM KpHTepHaJIbHoro a'HaIIH3a TerIJloo6MeHa B KOKCyeMOM
caoe (KpHTepHI%I rOMOXPOHHOCTH (Dypbe B HHTerpaJlbHOM BIIJje)
noKa3aHO, LITO IIOBbIHIeHHe OTHOCHTeJlbHOI3 cpe,RHeH HHTerpaJIbHOI
TeMnepaTypbl CJIOH AOCTaTOqHO fO,14HHHeTCH 3KCHOHeHuHaJIbHON
3aKOHoMepHOCTH peryJIHpHOrO TefJIOBOFO pe}KHMa 1. M. KoH)Ipa-
TbeBa.
IIpHHHB, LITO B H3yiIaeMOM Hpouecce pacnpeneneHHe 3HeprHH
npoHCxo,2HT HO 3aKOxy BoJIbuMaHa npH ycpeJjxeHHOM 3Ha7qeHHH
(paKTOpa B'oJIbuMaHa H npH o6o6meHHOM 3HatIeHHH KO3(p4HUHeHTa
CKOpO'CTH npouecca (0? MbI COCTaBHJIH aJIH XHMFI~IeC'KOFO npespa-
HjeHHH yrJIH (V) KHHeTHqecKOe ypaBHeHHe
dT = w. [t (t)] . f (1 - V) = M. ? e RT (T)
f (1 - V), (2)
McTOJoM TeopHH HHTerpaJlbHor0 noao6HH npeo6pa3osaHHoe B
ypaBHeHHe (pyHKI1HOHaJIbHoi3 CB513H
V=~P(B.) =~P{ w.[t(T)l?d4,
TO
(3)
I7 C B. eCTb o'606ll eHHbIIi HHTerpaJIbHbIci KHHeTHgeCKHI3 KpfTepHN.
O6pa6oTKa no (3) OnbITHbIX , aHHbIX (V) npnBeJIa K CTpOHHbIM
napa6oj!HtlecKHM 3aBHCHMOCTHM.
PaCCM-OTpeHHe (JH3HIeCKOro CMbICJia KPHTepHH B. C HCHOJIb3O-
BaHHeM JjaHHbIX BpeI-ITMaHa noKa3aJio, qTO OH HBJIHeTCH 6e3pa3-
MepHbIM Bbipa}KeHHeM 3(p(peKTHBHOI-i pa6OThi aKTHBauHH H onpe-
JjeJnHeT co60H CTeIIeHb npeBpaweHHH yrJIH B KOKC, a ero KO3("H-
IjHeHT (o, - nepeMeHHOI/ MOMHOCTb!o 3T-OA pa60TbI H onpeae.iaeT
HHTCHCHBH'OCTb, KHHeTHKy 3TOr0 npeBpaIIjeHHH, BJIHHH Ha KatIecTBo
npOJjyKTOB KOKCOBaHHH. TaKoe o6o6iueHHe OTKpbIBaeT B03MO}KHO-
CTH aHaJIH3a peaJlbHOrO npouecca KOKCOBaHHH. YCTaHOBJIeHO, LITo
OTHOCHTeJIbHOe yueJlbHoe KOJIH -IeCTBO JIeTytIHX llp'onopUHOHaJIbHo
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
o6o61ueHHOMy K03(j(p1UHeHTy
1 y v - P w, - P+.e RT(T) (4)
DTo ypaB'HeHHe n03BOJISIeT onpeJleJISITb o6o6LueHHble 9HeprHH aK-
THBauHH peaJlbHoro npo'uecca KOKCOBaHHH OTaeJIbHbIX yrJief I+
IHHXT (E.).
O6pa60T2HbI TaK}Ke OIIbITHble JgaHHble H3MeHeHHR (pH3HKO-XII-
MHTeCKHX CBOI3CTB CJIOI KaK (pyHKUHH V=*(B.) H BbIIIOJIHe'Hhl
COIIOCTaBJIeHHSI pe3yJlbTaTOB no K, T, V, U, B.
Heo6XoJIHMo OTMeTHTb, LITO nepBble pe3yJIbTaTbI He Jia1OT HOK 1
OKOHgaTejlbHOro pemeHHSI nOCTaBJIeHHOH 3aaaTIH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
JIlFHHTbI 3AISAPHATbH,
HX COCTAB H HYTH HCHOJIb3OBAHI4H
A. M. KypHmK0
(Ymcaopoacicuu a ocyaapcreeuuetii yuueepcurer)
JIHFHHTbI - pa3HOBH,IIH?OCTb 6ypblX yrJlex - B 3HatIHTeJIbHbIX
:KOJintiecrBaX 3aiieraioT B Henpax 3aKapnaTCKOII o6JIaCTH. B He-
?CKOJIbKHX McCTOpO}KJjeHHS1X o6JIaCTH BeJjeTCSI npOMbIIIIJieHHa5i LO-
'6bitia HX C n&CJIeJjy}OH.jHM HCnOJIb30BaHHeM B KatieCTBe TOHJIHBa
JUST McCTHOi3 npoMbIHIJIeH'HOCTH H B 6bITy. H3-3a BbICOKOrO coaepI
,)KaHHSI BJIarH (35-63%) H 30JIbI (21-45%) JIHrHHTbI HBJIHIOTCA
TOnJIHBOM HH3KOKaJIOPHl3HbIM (1300-1800 lcaA). f10 3TOI3 npHtlH-
He npe1jcTaBJisieTCSi Ba'}KHbIM H3bICKaHHe HHbIX, 6ojiee paIjHoHaJlb-
HbIX nyTeII HcriOJIb3OBaHMSI JIHI'HHTOB. C 3TOR neJIbIO HaMH npoBe-
JjeHO H3ytIeHHe XHMHgeCKoro COMM JIH'rHHTOB HecKOJIbKHX McCTO-
po KJjeHHI%I: HJIbHH'gKOrO, Kopo.IeBCKOrO, Bepe3HHCKOrO H Y)KP0p0;1-
CKOIO; H3ytIeH np'OQjecc rIOJIYKOKCOBaHHH, npOBeJjeHO H3BJietieHHC
,6HTYM-OB, noJlytieHHe ryMaTOB H ryMHHOBbIX KHCJI'OT H3 HHX.
IIpH H3ytieHHH 3JIeMeHTapHOrO COMM JIHI'HHTOB HaMH yCTa.
HOBJIeHO, iITo co, ep}KaHHe yrJiepoJja (B %) KoJIe6JIeTCH B npe, e-
.Jiax 49,1-50,0, Bo,LOpoAa 3,95-4,25, KHCJIOpo1a 19,65-20,56,
a3oTa 0,91-1,15 'H cepbl 2,14-3,79 B nepectieTe Ha cyxylo Macey
JIHrHHTa. CneKTpaJIbHNM aHaJIH30M yCTaHOBJIeHO coaepxcaHHe B
JIHI'HHTaX MHKp03JIeMeHTO'B: Ko6aJIb-ra, Me i$, MapraHIja, BaHaJjHM,
BOJIL,#aMa, UH'H,Ka, 6opa, THTaHa, OJIOBa H Jjp.; cozjepx{aHHe
HoAa - B KOJIHtieCTBe 1040-1300 a% H Ko6aJIbTa 310-450 e%,
KapOTHHa OKOJIO 1,0 Mr%, a ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 12-18% Ha
?cyxylo Maccy.
rlpH npoBeAeHHH npoijecca nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH JIHrHHTOB B Jia6o-
paTOpHOH peTOp-re eMKOCTb1O 4 A ripli TeMnepaType 550? noJiytienbI
cJle.1yloujHe BbIXOJjbI ?npQUyKTOB (B % B nepectieTe Ha cyxoii
yroJib) : nOJIYKOKCa 55,0-58,0, nepBH'IHOH cMOJIbI 5,37-5,73, noa-
-CMOJIHHOII BOJjbI 14,27-18,31, ra3oB 21,23-21,9 (150-170 ./, '
yrJISI).
30JIbHOCTb rionytieHHoro HOJIYKOKCa 19,9-30,1 %, a TenJIOTBOp-
Hasi crloco6HOCTb ero 3730-6373 ica.a.
11pH npOBe1jeHHH CJpaKIjHOHH013 pa3rOHKH nepBHtIHOI3 CMOJIbI
HOJlytieHbl BbIXOJjbI 4)paKIUHN (B %) : 1) Ijo 170?- 5,6-5,89;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
2) 170-230?-19,1-23,1; 3) 230-300?-41,13-52,41: OCTaTOK
(neK) - 25,23-26,57. IlepBH Hasl cMoJla coAepxcIIT cpeHOJIOB AO
21 %, napa4 llHa 12 H rsaxxojla 3%.
Fa3bI nOJIyKOKCOBaHHSI HMe!OT cJleAyloluHfl COCTaB (B %): cepo-
Bo.opoAa 21,7-21,9, ABYOKHCH yrJlepoAa 8,7-13,3, McTaxa
28,3-34,47, HenpeAe.lbHblx yraieBOAOp'oAOB 1,5-1,6, BOuopoAa
5,26-7,8, OKHCH yrJlepoAa 10,85-12,0 KHCJIOpOAa 5,0-5,9,
a30Ta 10,4-11,12. TenJIOTBO11HaH CII0006H,OCTb ra3a 3920-
3946 xail.
rIPH HCCJIeAOBaHHH 6HTYMHH03HOCTH JIHrHHTOB HaMH yCTaHOB-
JIeHO, LITO BbIXOA 6HTYMOB 3aBHCHT 'OT npHMeHHeMbIX paCTB?OpHTe-
JIex H HBJIHeTCH MaKCHMaJlbHbIM (B KOJIHgeCTBe 8%) aJIH JIHrHHTa
1'1JIbIHHuK0PO McCTopo>KAeHHH npH npHMeHeHHH B Ka'IeCTBe paCTBO-
pHTeJIH 3THJIO'BOr'O CHHpTa H 6eH3OJIa B COOTHIOIIIeHHH 1:1. rIPH
O6eCCMOJIHBaHHH CbIpOrO 6HTyMa CMeCbIO McTHJIOBbIfI CfHPT -
6eH30JI B 000THOIIIeHH'HX 10: I BbIXOA 6HTyMa AOCTHraeT 71,4%.
rIPH paq)HHHpOBaHH,H 06eccMOJIeHHOPO 6HTyMa XPOMOBbIM aHrnA-
pHAOM BbIXOA MOHTaHBOCKa COCTaBJIHeT 90%. TeMnepaTypa nJla'B-
JIeHHH noJlylieHH'OPO MOHTa'H'BOOKa no KpaMep-COpHOBy pasha
70,0?; KHCJIOTHoe 4IHCJIO - 120; 34)11pHOe tJHCJIO - 37,4; IHcnm
oMb JIeHHH - 157,4. 1'13 06eCCMOJIeHHOPo 6HTyMa BbIAeJIe'HbI TpH
BbICIIIHe x{HpHble KHCJIOTbI COMM: C23H4602; 'C25H5002 (rHeHO-
Bax), C31H6202 (Me.IH3HHOBaHI).
JIHrHHTbI 3aKapnaTbfl cOAepx{aT B CBOeM COCTaBe MHKpO3JIe-
McHTbI (HO)J> Ko6aJIbT, I.LHHK, 60p n ap.), KapOTHH H Kca'HTO4cpHJIbI,
a TaKxce 3HatIHTeJIbHbIf npOueHT ryMHH-OBbIX KHCJIOT, 1103TOMy OHM
SIBJIHK)TCH ueHHbIM opraH'O-MHHepaJlbHbIM TYKOM AJI51 MaJioryMyc-
HbIX rlOA3OJIHCTbIX 'fOiIB 3aKapnaTbH H B KaLIeCTBe CTHMVJIHpyIO-
II(HX ao6aBOK 'B nnnjeBOfI pauHOH AoMamHefl nTHUbI H CBHHeI. 110-
JIOH{HTeJIbHbIfl 3("eKT npH npHMeHeHHH JIHPHHTOB B CeJIbCKOM XO-
35IfiCTBe, nepBH'I'H0 k JInrHHTHOfI CMOJIbI B Ka'-IeCTBe HHCeKTO(pyHrH-
cHAa Aim 6opb6bI C BpeAHTe.IHMH ca)oa nojTBepx(AeHO 'OnbITaMH,
fPOBe'AeHHbIMH BaXTH,HCKOI3 30HaJlbH'OfI OnbITHOft CeJIbCKOX'03HHCT-
BeHHOI1 cTa'H'iHec H Y}KPOpoACKHM OTKOpMOLIHbIM IHyHKTOM TpeCTa
CTOJIOBbIX H peCTOpaHOB.
(DeH,OJIbHble c4paKUHH nepBHLIHOfI JIHrHHTH,Of1 CMOJIbI o6JIaaaIOT
BbICOKHM-H 6aKTepHUHAHbIMH CBOfiCTBaMH, 'ITO n'OATBep>KACHO Hc-
cJIeJOBaHHeM, npOBeaeHHbIM MHKp'o6HOJIorHqeCKOII Jla6opaTopnef4
Yxcropoacxoro rOC. yHHBepcnTeTa.
TaKHM o6pa3'OM, JIHrHl4TbI 3a'KapnaTbH MO}KHO HCnOJIb3'OBaTb
He TOJIbKO B KaqeCTBe MaJIOueHHO.ro TOHJIHBa -- OHM npeACTaBJ15I-
IOT 3HatIHTeJIbHbIfI HHTepeC KaK CbIpbe AJIH HOJIyKOKCOBaHHH, no-
JIyqeHHH 6HTyMOB, ryMaTOB H ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT H AJIH KOMnJIeKc-
HOro HcnoJIb3OBaHJH HX KaK TaKOBbIX H KaK np'OAyKTOB HX XHMH-
4eCKOcl nepepa60TKH B CeJIbCK'OM XO35ifICTBe.
3 3axa3 .7 1010
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I{ TEOPIIII CIIEHAHHJI YPJIEI%I
(BocTO*tixbau uayuuo-uccAeOoeaTe.IbchUU yznexu.ncuuecicuu UHCTUryT,
Ceep8.2oecx)
B3aHMoAeI3cTBHe yrOJIbHbIX 3epeH HpH KOKCOBaHHH iHpeACTaB-
JIHeT co6oi OAHH H3 BHAOB reTeporeHHOrO Hpouecca, JIJIH CKOpOCTH
KOTOpOrO pemmalouiee 3HaIeHHe HMeeT BeJiHIIH'Ha HOBepXHOCTH CO-
HpHKOCHOBeHHSI (4a3. IIpH 9TOM B Ka}KAbIfl JaaHHbIf4 MOMeHT BO
B3aHM'oJZeI-HCTBHH yuaCTByeT He ace KOJIHLIeCTBO 3epHe'HHOFO TBep-
j oro HJIH HJIaCTIrleCKOrO BeMeCTBa, a JIHIIIb HOBepXHOCTHble MoJie-
KyJIbI TeJla.
TaK xce KaK H MHorue ApyrHe HJIaCTHLIeCKHe TeJIa, COCTOHaule
H3 BbICOKOMOJIeKyJIHpHbIX BeMeCTB, pa3MHTLIeHHble yroJlb'Hb1e 3epHa
CpaluHBaIOTCH BCJIeJICTBHe AH(p4 y3H1I HOBepXHOCTHbIX MOJieKyJI -
HJIaCTH1IeCKOro CBapHBaHHH HJIH BcJIeAcTBHe IIpHJIHHaHHH K TBep-
, ofl noBepxHOCTH.
JIIo6oe H3Me'HeHHe yrJieK B npolecce KOKCOBaHHSI eCTb pe3yJlb-
TaT 'HX TepMHTIeCKOro pa3JI0}KeHHH. CorJlacHo aaHHbIM o6 H3MeHe-
HHH peaKuHOHHOI-I CHOCO6HOCTH yrJlex 'H1H TePMmIeCKOM pa3JloHce-
HHH, nocJleJIHee HpeACTaBJIHeT co6oH pHJI HOCJIeJOBaTeJIbHO HpOTe-
KaIOHjHX peaKIIHf THna uefHbIX, H3 KOTOpbIX Ka)K,TaH OTBegIaeT
OnpeAeJieHHOMy ypOBHIO TeMHepaTypbl. CHeKaHHe HBJIHeTc5 c ieA-
CTBHeM 3THX peaKIIHI3 H ocymeCTBJISIeTCH B aBa 9TaHa. BHaiiaJIe
6JIarojapH TeLIeHHIo pa3MHrtIeHHbIX 3epeH MexcAy HHMH yCTaHaBJIH-
BaeTCH Heo6XoAHMbITI KOHTaKT, HOCJle tlero CMbIKaIOluHeCH norpa-
HHt1,Hble MOJIeKyJIHpHble CJIOH coo61ua BOBJIeKaIOTCH B I[eHHVIO pe-
aKUHIO HPH TepMmIeCKOM pa3JI0?KeHHH. B pe3yJlbTaTe Ha rpaaHUe
yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH o6HIas AJ1H JIe(4OpMHpOBaHHbIX 3epeH }KeCTKaH
HpOCTpaHCTBeHHaH cTpyKTypa.
MexcAy 3epHBMH OAHHBKOBOI.1 MHKpoCTpyKTypbI rpamia cHe-
KaHHH 'HeBHJZHMa. Hao6opOT, Me)KAy pa3HOpOJIHbIMH, B TOM LIHCJIe
BHTPHTOBbIMH 3epHaMH, COXpaHSIeTCH rpaHHga, BHAHMOCTb KOTO-
pOx HOJI MHKpOCKOHOM o7~6ycJIOBJIeHa pa3JIHgHO13 CTPy'KTYP013 CO-
HpHKaCaIOIIjHXCH 3epeH. I43BeCTHO, TO OTJIHLIHTe,IbHble HpH3HaKH
MHKPOCTPyKTypbI yrJlex coxpaH511OTC51 TaK>Ke inocJIe 3KCTparHpO-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Ba'HHH, OKHCJIeHH5I H rip. H, cimaoBaTeJIbHO, 3aBHCHT OT OCTaTOgIHOH,
T. e. 6oJiee noJIHMepH3oBaHHOH, tiaCTH BeLueCTBa, npeo6Jlajjalouiei
B nJIaCTH'IeCKOH Macce yr i i.
BTOpoH cJlytlaH - cpanLHBaHHe nyTeM npl.nnnaHH51 K TrepjtOH
noBepxHOCTH 3epeH HecneKa1O1unxCH BKJIIOLIeHHH O6ycJIOBJIeH,O ,i eH-
CTBHeM nOBepXHOCTHbIX CHJI, BbI3bIBaeMbix 3JIeKTpOCTaTH11eCKHM
npnTH}KeHHeM. KaK HOKa3bIBa}OT Ha6Jllo eHHH, Onpej[eJieHHaSI
pOJIb npHHaj[JIe)KHT TaK}Ke McXaHHTieCKOM3 3aKJIHHHBaHHK) OKpy-
}KaIo ueH nJIaCTH4eCKOH MaCCbI B nopax H MHKpomeJIHX TBepjlblx
HanOJIHHTeJIeH. Hej[ocTaTOLIHoe CMatrnBaHI3e TBep i[oH HOBepxxoCTII
B xoje TepMHhiecKoro pa3JIO)KeHH3i npen5TCTByeT ycTanoBJIe'HHIO
npO'IHbIX XHMH4IeCKHX cBH3eH.
IIpH nOMOULH McTo La 'noao,6HH BbIHCHeHO, DITTO npOlIHOCTb npH-
JIHnaHHH K TBepJiOH nOBepXHOCTH TeM BbIIne, qeM McHbine BH3KOCTb
nJIaCTH4eCKOH MaCCbI yrjiH H 6oJIbLHe CTaTHTIecKoe .IZaBJIeHHe. 3TO
npaBHJIO Mo)KeT 6bITb HapylIleHO, ec ni yrJiH paBHOH BH3KOCTH B
HJIaCTHLIeCKOM COCT051HHH pa3JIH1ialOTCH no neTporpa(1)HwCKOMy CO-
CTaBy. YroJlb, neTporpa(cHqeCxH McHee Oj[HOpOaHbIH, cojtepxcHT
McHbwe BemeCTBa, cnoco6H-OrO pa'3M51rqaThC3q (HO 6oJiee 'reKylie-
PO) , nO3TOMy OHO H3pacxoayeTCH npH McHblIIeM KOJIH'IecTBe TO-
meH J o6aBKH.
HpO'IHOCTb CneKaHHH, ocylueCTBJIHeMOFO HCKJIIOTiHTeJIbHO nyTeM
npHJiHna,HHH K TBep)iol nOBepxHOCTn, no PRAY HP113HaKOB Bcerua
HH)Ke npO'-IHOCTH n.nacTHLIecKoco cBapHBaHHH.
CneKaeMOCTb yrJIeH eCTb npH3HaK HpOLIHOCTH nOBepXHOCTHOrO
npHCTaBa'HHH yrOJIbHbIX 3epeH. H03TOMy CneKaeMOCTb OTpa}KaeT
.1IHnIb OAHH H3 3JieMeHTOB npOLIHOCTH nopHCTOrO Teiia KOKca. II.o-
CJIe,aHSIH 3aBHCHT T8K}Ke OT TBep)iOCTH MaTepHaJia H TOJIILIMHbI CTe-
HOK nop. Eiue B McHbn.IeH CTeneHH cnexaeMOCTb OTpa}KaeT npoLl-
HOCTb KyCKOBOrO KOKca, KOTOpa5 B 3HaiiHTeJIbH'OH Mepe onpejteJlH-
eTCH COnpOTMBJIeHHeM KOKCa BHyTpeHHHM HanpHxceHHHM.
OnpeJ eJieHHe cneKaeMOCTH yrJieH H,MeeT 3HaMeHne jI:JIH aHaJIH3a
yCJIOBn1 (cOpMnIpoBaHHH KOKCa H aJI5I 3aBo,cKorO KOHTpOJIH HX
nOCTOHHCTBa. IIpH 3ajjaHHbIX CKOp'OCTH HarpeBa'HHH H JIaBJIeHHH
CneKaeMOCTb eCTb (4yHKUHH TeKylieCTH H TeMnepaTypHOPO HHTep-
BaJIa (rip o4o.u cHTe.nbHOCTH) pa'3MHr4IeHHH. DTH napaMeTpbI Xa-
paKTepH3yK)T BCe apyrHe HpOHBJIeHHH IJIaCTH'IeCKOrO COCTOHHHH
yrjlef: TOJIUJ.HHy fJiaCTHLIeCKOro CJI051, BcnyqHBaHHe, ra3oilpOHHua-
eMOCTb - H no3TOMy HBJIHIOTCH onpej[eJiHlon1HMH npH3HaKaMil
CneKaHMH yraeH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XHMHLIECKAR IIPHPOJIA rYMHHOBbIX RHCJIOT
C. C. ) paryHos
(MOCIi06CMUa TOp5auot unCTuTyT)
TeopeTHUeeKHe .pa60TbI 110 H3ytleHHIO CTpOe'HHii ryMHHOBbJX
KHCJIOT B HacTOSILuee BpeMSi npHo6peTaloT npaKTHIIecKoe 3HatieHHe
B CBSI3H C HOBbIMH B3rJI5iaaMH Ha POJIb ryMHrHOBbIX KHCJIOT B yAO6-
peHHH pacTeHHH, Ha HX cf H3H0JI.OratlecKylo POJIb B 2KH3HH paCTeHHH.
FyMIPHOBble !KHCJIOTbI OnpeAeJISIIOT O6bIIIHO KaK TeMHOOKpa-
IneHHbie KOJIJIOH,aHble BeLIueCTBa, paCTBOplMbie B LI[ejiogaX H BHOBb
BbinaAaIOLI(He H3 weJIOIIHOro paCTBopa HPH nOAKHCJIeHHH. IIpH 3TOM
nepBblli rIPH3HaK - pacTBopHMOCTb B igelioiiax - cgIHTaercx 06Si-
3aTeJIbHbIM, HaH6oJlee XapaxTepHbIM npH3HaKOM. B nocJleAHee Bpe-
MSI HaHAeHbl paCTBOpHTeJIH Aim ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, He o6JIaAalo-
IL[He a eJIOIIHbIM pH. COJIH U CJIOIIHbIX McTaJIJIOB ryMHHOBbIX KHC-
JIOT paCTBOpsuoTCSI B BOAe TaK }Ke, Ka.K H uIeJIOIIHbie COJIH MHOrHX
ApyrHX OpraHHlIecKHX KH:CJIOT. uBeT ryMHH-OBbIX KHCJI'OT B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT pH McHReTCSI OT CBeTJlo-}KeJITOrO AO fOIITH IIepHoro, TaK
TO H 3TOT rIPH3HaK He Xapa:KTepeH. KOJIJIOHAHOe COCTOAHHe - eiue
6o.iee 'HexapaKTepIIbIIi npH3HaK. O6-beAHHHIOIILH.M npH3HaKOM pac-
cMaTpHBaeMbIX BeHLLeCTB SIBJISIeTCSI TO, IITO OHH o6pa3yIOTCSI npH
ryMHc HKag[HH, T. e. B pe3yJlbTaTe npOLjecca, fPH KOTOPOM OpraHH-
ueCKOe BeLueCTBO H3BeCTHO1i CTpyKTypbl npeBpalgaeTC5I B BeLU CTBO
HeH3y'IeHHOki CTpyKTypbl, HO Cn0006H.oe Jiytuie npOT.HBOCTOSITb B03-
AeIiCTBHIO XHMHIIecKHX H 6H.OJIorHIIecKHx areH'POB.
B npnpoAe ryMHHOBbie KHCJIOTbI o6pa3y}oTC5I BCioAy, rae TOJIbKO
paCTHTeJIbHbie H }KHBOTHble OCTaTKH nolBepraloTc5i pa3JION{eHHI0:
B HOIIBe, Topcpe, 6ypoM yriie H T. n. KOJII-SIIeCTBO yrAepoAa, CBM3aH-
HOrO B ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIoTaX TOpccoB, 6ypbIx yrjieli H nOIIB, npHMep-
HO B IIeTbipe pa3a npeBOCxOAHT KOJIHIIecTBO yrJiepoAa, CB5I3aHHOro
B opraHHIIeCKOM BeiuecTBe Bcex paCTeHHci H 3KHBOTHbIX Ha BceM
3eMHOM luape. Pa3Hoo6pa3He npHpOAHbIX ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT TaK
BeJIHKO H B TO 3Ke BpeMSI BbIAeJIeHHe HX BCJIeACTBHe BeCbMa JIerKOii
H3MeH5ieMOCTH TaK 3aTpyAHHTeJIbHO, Irro H3yIIeHHe HX Tpe6yeT OCO-
6oro noAxo,a.
C TOIIKH 3peHHH coJ ep}KaHHSI cpyHKIjHOHaJIbHbIX rpynn ryMHHO-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Bble KHCJIOTbI 9T0 OKCHOKCOKap6OHOBble KHCJIOTbI. IIo CTpOeHHIO
MOJIeKyJlbI OHH HBJIHIOTCH reTepOnOJIHKOHAeHcaTaMH. B ryMHHOBbIX
KHCJIOTax, BbIAeJIOHHbIX H3 6ypblX yrJieI, coaepx(aHHe yrJlepoaa He-
npepblBHO BO3paCTaeT npH nepexoj e OT 3eMJIHCTbIX 6ypblX yriie i K
6JIeCTSIHLHM OT 60,86 jo 71,0%, BoaOpoaa - OT 5,03 Ao 3,97%; co-
Aep)KaHHe a'30Ta xi g 6ypbix yraieK fIoAMOCKOBHoro patoHa KoJIe6-
JIeTCR OT 1,43 Ao 2,10%. Taxoe 3HalqHTeJlbxoe pa3H'oo6pa3He 3JIe-
McHTapHoro COCTaBa 6ypOyrOJIbHbIX ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT HCKJIIotmeT
BO3MO)KHOCTb AJIR HHX eAH'H'oI3 CTpyKTypHOI3 (popMyJlbl. OgeBHAHO,
LITO Kax(AOMy THny 6ypOyrOJIbHbIX ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 6yAyT
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Pa3Hble ()0PMbI CTpOeHHH, pa3JIH'Iaio1uHeQR KBK
HO KOJIHTIeCTBy H XapaKTepy (1YHKUHOHaJIbHbIX rpynn, TaK H HO
CTpoeHHlo reTepOIgHKJIOB H ApyrHX KOJIb'iaTbIX CHCTeM, axon iui. x B
MOJIeKyJly.
C ueJIbio BbIHcHeHHR, KaKHe MOHOMepbl yMIa'cTByIOT B peaxuHH
KOHaeHcauHH npH 06pa30BaHHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, MbI H3y'aJIH
CTpoeHHe ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT Ha np?HMepe TOp4)1HbIX ry.MHHOBbIX
KHCJIOT, TaK KaK XOTR MbI H He 3HaeM Bcero KOMnJIeKca 6HOXHMHlIe-
CKHX npOljeCCOB, npOHCXOARU HX npH Topc)oBaHHH, HO MbI TIO KpaH-
HeI-I Mepe HMeeM BO3MO)KHOCTb HCCJIeaOBaTb COCTaB TOp~oo6pa3o-
BaTeJIeI-I.
McTO,'oM XpOMaTO(JOTorpa'(pHp'OBaHHIR Ha,MH HecjieAOBaH COMB
reMHIjeJIJIIOJIO3 rJIaBHeiiHIHX BHA-OB pacTeHHI3-Top(poo6pa3o,BaTe.IeH,
BCero OKOJIO 15 BHOOB. Oc06bIi3 HHTepec npeAC'TaBJIRK)T AJIR Hac
TOp4 oo5pa3OBaTeJIH BepXOBbIX TOp(JOB - C(paPHOBble MXH. 3Haa
CoaepxCaHHe B COCTaBe MXa yrJIeBOaoB, ypOHOBbIX KHCJIOT H 3HaR
ero 3JIeMeHTapHbII3 COCTaB, M0)KHO yTBep)KJ aTb, 'ITO 3TOT MOX CO-
Aep)KHT OKOJIO 30-40% BeUjecTB apOMaTHHeCKOH npHpOAbl, KOTO-
pble MOryT BOHTH B COMB MOJieKyJlbl ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT B npouec-
ce KoHAeHcaunH. IIpH 3TOM a0JDKHbI 6bITb npHHHTbI B'O BHHMaHHe
BeIIIecTBa, BHOBb CHHTe3HpOBaHHble pa3JIH'IHbIMH BHaaMH HH3I11HX
rpH6oB, aKTHHOMHUeTOB, neHHILHJId1OB H Ap. O6pa30BaBHIHecB re-
TepouHKJIHLIecKHe coeAHHeHHR Hapaay c o6pa3ylOIUHMHCH npH KOH-
AeHcaH,HH TaKwe AOJI}KHbI BOI3TH B cocTaB MaKPOMOJIeKyJIbI ryMH-
HOBbIX KHCJIOT. TaK KaK HeKOTOpble BHAbI Penicillium o6pa3yI0T
BeluecTBa, HMeloluHe CeMHLIJIeHHbie KOJIbua, fPOH3B0aHble Tp'OHO-
JIOHa, TO M03KHO npeanOJIO)KHTb, 'ITO npoH3B0aHble TPO?n0JIOHa Mo-
ryT HaXOAHTbCR B nOLIBaX H TOp(paX KaK B BOaopacTBOpHMoi3 (rpaK-
IUHH, TaK H BXOaHTb B COMB MaKpOMOJIe'KyJIbI ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT.
TaXHM o6pa30M, ryMH?HOBbIC KHCJIOTbI H3 pa3JIH'IHbIX TOp4)0B
TaKx{e aOJI}KHbI OTJIH'IaTbCR pa3'HO06pa3HeM. 3TO noATBepx{AaeTCH
nPOBeaeHHbIM HaMH H3y1-IeHHeM pHAa ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT. Mbi on-
peAeJInJIH co Lep)KaHHe (Jy'H,KIjHOHaJIbHbIX rpynn 'MeTOAOM McTHAH-
POBaHHR (MeTa'HOJIOM + HCI, AHMeTHJICyJIb(4aTOM H AHa3oMeTa-
HOM), oHpeaeJIRJiH T8K)K KHCJIble, (pyHKUHOHaJIbHble rpynnbi McTu-
AOM noTeHUHOMeTpH''IeCKOrO THTPOBaHHR. KPHBble THTPOBaHHR Aim
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pa3HbIX PyMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 3HagHTeJIbHO pa3JIHtIaJIHCb. Ha OCHOBa-
HHH 3THX KpFIBbIX MO}KHO Cy.T HTb 0 KOHCTaHTaX JjHCCOuHaUHH MHO-
POOCHOBHbIX F MHHOBbIX KHCJIOT. HaH60JIee TpyjjHOI3 3a1jatlei npeJj-
CTaBJIHeTcSI H3yLIeHHe xJjpa MOJIeKyJIbI. MbI npOBOJHJIH OKHCJIeHHe
F MHHOBbIX KHCJIOT B pa3JIHtIHbIX yCJIOBHSIX: nepMaHraHaTOM - B
IJjeJIOTIHOI3 cpeije, nepeKHCbIO BOaopoJ[a - B KHCJIOII cpeAe, KHCJIO-
pOJjOM B03Jjyxa - B U eJIOtIHof cpejje. EcJIH npH OKHCJIeHHH nO
BOHy 6y.pOyl'oJIbHbI'X ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 6bIJIa BbIJjeJIeHa McJIJIHTO-
BaH KHCJIOTa, TO IIpH OKHCJIeHHH TOp(1SIHbIx ryMHH?OBbIX KHCJIOT OHa
nojrytleHa He 6bIJIa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XIIMFIFI HPOIIECCOB OBPA30BAHHH
- rYMYCOBbIX TOIIJIUB
B.E.PaxoscKHu, M.M.?KYpaBaeBa, B.C.Ho3HHK,
M. A. PaxoBCxaa, A. B. Huryaesexas, B. A. BaTYpo
(HHCTUTIJT ropg5a AH BCCP, Muncx)
MHoroO6pa3He xHMHgecKOPO cocTaBa paCTeHHA gBJISIeTCSI rJIaiB-
H0H npHtIHHOH pa3JI3LIHSI H HeoAHopoJHocTH xHMHxleCKOrO COCTaBa
TOnJIHBa.
npHHI.LHnHaAbHaH pa3HHua TepMovHaMHKH )KHBbIX pacTeHHH
o6yCJIOBJIH'BaeT pa3JIH''IHe XHMH3Ma OCHOBHM n OIHeC AB CI retie
opraiHHlieCKOrO BeU eCTBa H npHBOAHT K (pap p
TH'qecKHx BeTBeH TonnHB - ryMyCOBOil H canponeneBOH. H 3eMUHIHAH
pacTHTeJlbHOCTb LIepnaeT 3Heprao H rlppeHM HOeCT BepHO B peaic apOMa-
OKHCJIeHHH ;KHCJIOPOAOM B03Ay
TH3a'uHH. BoaopOCJIH 3a c-ieT peaKiHH AHcMyTauHH o6pa3yloT reK-
CHTbI H ,neHTOCnHPTbI, noJIyqaSI npH 3TOM orpaHMHeO HbieI MO}MIIlge Ba
3HeprHH. Yxce B neplOA CHHTe3a BeluecTBa Bo,L op 0Tyr-
JlyilaTb np'OAyKT, coAepxKaU HI3 7,9% BoAOp A POiefI mw H
JIeBOAoB y HeKOTOpbIX ooapeMeHHbix Ha3e Hbix x{aCT HK k (I 75 T?
+HHKa) AaeT HCXOAHbIH MaTepnaJI (TOp(p), P
apoMaTHgecKHX.ooeAHHexHK. B npe}KHHe reo.nOrMgecxne 3noxH npo-
ueccbl, TeKyiune no cxeMe C6HI206 CGH603 + 3H20 + Q An%
Ha3eMHOH paCT..IITeJIbHOCTH, o6HTaBIIIeH 6e3 KHcJIOpOAa, 6bIJIH, onIe-
BH.AHO, rJla'BHbIMH HCTOgIHHKa'MH 3HeprHH.
YCTaIHOBJIeHO, 'ITO npH OaHHaKOBbIX ycJIOBHHX o6HTaHHSI pa3-
HH,ua B XHMHgeCKOM cOCTa'Be paCTeHHI3 BbI3bIBaeTCH BHAOBbIMH pa3-
AHgH51MH pacTexHll. CpeAH pacTeHHII-yrJleo6pa30BaTe.nell BbIAeJ1H-
IoTCSi pacTeHHH, npouyuHpy1o Me opraHHMIeCKOe BenueCTBO C noabl-
IlIeHHbIM co Lep)KaHHeM: a) 6HTyMOo6pa3oBaTeJIefI; 6) KJIeTqaTKH,
B) yrJIeBOAOB, O6JIaILaiommx cn0006HOCTbIO 061a3oBa A) IH HHH;
r) yrJIeBOAOB, CKJIOHHbIX K npoueccaM ryMH(p
AOB, o6JIaAaIOM1X BbICOKOH 6HOXHMHqec'KOH yCTOIIIIHBOCTbIO BcJIeA-
CTBHe HaJIHIUHA B paCTeHHAX allTHceTTHKOB. TaKK OB 6 a3OM, 1i Ka-
3aH0 MHoroo6pa3He coCTaBa HCXOAHe X IInp-'HIAI.Iy3nHB, oo 3VIO LX
pa3JIH~IHble TOnJIHBa; OTCIoAa cJIeAY P' 3-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOCTb TeopaH (DHHlepa - UlpeAepa co CxeMo13: JIHIHHH - ryMHHO-
Bble KHCJIOTbI->ryMycosble YJJIH. DTa TeopHH HenpxeMJIeMa H c Ao-
nOJIHeHH5IMH F. JI. CTaAHHKO'Ba. JTHPHHH He HBJISIeTCH HCT04HHKOM
ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, yrJIeB-OAbI IIPHHHMa}OT ytiaCTHe B o6pa3oBaHHH
TOnJIHB. He COOTBeTCTByJOT AeI{cTBHTe.IbHOCTH H ynpOIIjeHHble cxe-
MbI CTpOeH'HH yrOJIbHOrO BergecTBa, AaHHble )KHJ{Jie, )yKCOM, Kpe-
BeJIHHOM H Ap., H6o B o6pa3,oBaHHH TOrIJIHB np'HHHMa}OT ytiacTHe
MHHHMyM nSITb pe3KO OTJI41IaIOII[HXCSi KaaCcOB BemeCTB.
HaKOnJIeHHe opraHHIqeCxopo BeluecTBa B npxpOAe o6ycJloBJlexo:
1) TopMo}KeH'HeM MHKp,06HOJI0rHTleCKHX npOueccoB BcJIeACTBHe 'Ha-
JIHYH'5I B pacTeHHSix aHTHCenTHROB; 2) MaJIbJM coAep}KaHHeM B nJla-
CTaX TOnJIHBa K, P H N; 3) OTLIaCTH 3aTPYAHeHHbIM AOCTy1I0M KHC-
JIOpOAa, a Tax}Ke CTpyKTypHO-XHMH'qeCKHMH npHqHHaMH. J a}Ke B
Hamy 3noxy OKHCJI'HTeJIbHbIX npoueccOB -Ha6.nloJIaeTC9 oTJIOxceHHe
opraHHtiecxoro Ben ecTBa BHe 6oJi,OT.
YcTaHoBJIeHo, WO CTenexb pa3JIo}KeHH.9 Top40o6pa3OBaTeJlelf
n0BblHlaeTCH npH nepexo e K paCTeHHHM, coAep}KauI,HM 6o.'IbHIe
ueJIJIIOJI03bl, H K Top(paM, cOAep}KaIuHM 6o0bule MHHepaJlbiibIX CO-
CTaBHbIX HaCTef ; CTeneHb ryMH(f HKauHH naaaeT C POCTOM coaep)Ka-
HH5I B TOp(ax C(parHOBbIX MXOB, HOCHTejiex allTHceTTHKOB.
rJIaaHbie H3MeHeHHS1 GOCTaBa B TOp(c5IHOIi CTaAHH rIpoHCXOa5Ir
B BepxHHX CJIOSIX 3aJie}KH; noKa3aHO, WO AO 90% rYMHHOBbIX KHC-
JIOT 06pa3yeTCa B nepHOA pa3pyuleuasi reMHue.IJIIO.no3 MHKpoOp-
raHH3MaMH. C fOBbllueHHeM CTeneHH pa3Jlo}KeHHSI B nJlacTaX TOP-
(pa Bo3paCTaeT coJ ep}KaHHe 6HOXHMH14eCKHX yCTOFPgHBbIX KOMIIO-
HeHTOB: BOCKOB, H3onpeHOHAoB, JIHPHHHa, ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT H
cy66epHHOB. 3TO np0HCXOAHT !npelMylueCTBeHHO 3a ctieT 6e3ocTa-
TOqHOrO pacnaAa 4aCTH yrJIeBOAOB. flpaBHJIO Yaf!Ta Tpe6yeT KO-
peHHbIx norlpaBOK, H6o 'HMeioTcsl cJlyTlaH I1peHMyiueCTBeHHOr0 pac-
naAa ,reMHUeJIJIIOJI03. ryMHHOBbie KHCJIOTbI SiBJlfIK)TCH HpoAyKTOM
CHHTe3a, TeKyluero B nepBOli (Ja3e pacna,a. fIpH,Mas CBSI3b Me}KAy
CTeneHblO pa3Jlo}KeH'HH H coAep}KaHaeM yCTOJitiHBbIX KOMHOHe'HT?oa
Ha6JIIOAaeTc5I TOJIbKO B QlpeAeJlax OTIeHb y3KH'X BHAOB TOnJIHBa.
flpoueccbI o6pa3OBaHHSi eCTeCTBe'HHbIX ryMHHOBbIx KHCJIOT MoryT
6bITb BOCnpoH3BeAeHbl B JIa6opaTOp'HbIX yCJIOBHSIx. flepBb!M npo-
AyKTOM CHHTe3a 5IBJI5110TCH BOAOpaPCTBOpHMbie 4)yJIbBOKH4CJIOTbI,
KOTOpble 3aTeM npeBpau>:aloTCSI B BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHble BOAopa-
CTBOpHMble ryMHHOBble KHCJIOTbI. 06pa30BaMHe ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT
nPOHCXOAHT B nepHOA rHApoJiH3a JIerKorHApoJIH3yeMbIX BeH[ecrB,
C POCTOM KOHueHTpauHH HCI rIOBblHIaeTCN BbIXOA ryMHHOB KH-
CJIOT. C yBeJIHtIeHHeM 1POAOJI}KHTeJIbHOCTH HarpeBaHHSI BbIXOA ry-
MHHOBOII KHCJIOTbI THK}Ke paCTeT. MoxcHO H3MeHHTb BbIXOII ryMH-
I{OBbIX KHCJIOT B npeAej{ax 5-20%.
H3ytieHHe pOJIH B'03paCTa Top(pa nOKa3aJIo, TITo xOT5{ B Top(IJaX
fPOueCCbl Te'KyT O'IeHb McAJIeHHO, oaHaKO MO}KHO o6Hapy}KHTb:
1) npeapau;eHHe (JyJIbBOKIPCJI'OT B ryMHHOBble, 2) AerHAp(ITauHIo
40
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
y aJIHi)aTHgeCKOfi tIaCTH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 'H nOBblLU HHe B HHX
co,aepxaaHHS1 yrJlepoaa, 3) KoHJTeHCaiAHIO cMOJIHCT0cI iiaCTH 6HTy-
MOB H naAeHHe 6HTyMHHO3HOCTH C B03paCTOM. r1OKa3aHo, LITO npeA-
CTaBJieHHH TaflJropa H H. r. THTOBa npQTHBOpetlaT cpaKTaM: reo-
XHMHIieCKaH O6CTaHOBKa O:Ka3bIBaeT BJIHAHHe Ha (4OPMHpOBaHHe
Onpe,aeJleH'Hor0 paCTHTeJIbHOI'O nO:KPOBa H ero XHMHLIecKOPO COCTa-
Ba, OT tiero H 3aBHCHT cOCTaB TOTIJIHBa; B nocJleuylOlueM B norpe-
6eHHbIX CJIOHX Top,(4a 6HTYMHHO3HOCTb naAaeT, a He pacTeT; ()aK-
THqeCKHe H3MeHeHH51 COCTaBa, H B TOM tiHCJie yrJle(pHKaUHH, OHH-
CaHbI BbIHIe.
YCTaHOBJIeHbl H .MeHeHHH cOCTaBa nJlaCTOB BCJIeACTBHe gIICTO
(JH3HtieCKHX npoueccoB: 1) nepe(yTJioxieHHH opraHHgecKaro Belue-
CTBa B npeaeJiaX 3aJle)KH 3a CLIeT nepeHoca B BHAe HCTHHHOJO 11
KOJIJIOHAHOPO paCTBopa; OTMeTIeHO repeoTJioxceHHe BOCKOB H ry-
MHHOBbIX KHCJIOT; 2) IIpH HOJIHOM nepexoce BeuueCTBa 3aJle)Kefi
(BOAofI) BbinaaeHHe KOMHOHeHTOB npOHCXOJJ,HT
B onpeaeJIeHHOii nocjIeJIOBaTejIbHOCTH. OTCIOj[a XHMHTIeCKHIi COCTaB
aJIaXTOHHbIX McCTOPO)K HHIi (pOpMHpyeTCH 3aKOHOMepH0.
1lepexo,a TOp(pOB B 6ypbie yrJIH COOTBeTCTByeT MOMeHTy, Koraa
coAepxcaHHe rYMHHOBbIX KHCCJIOT B TOp(be AOCTHraeT B03MOxaHOI'O
npelie.Ia H Koma Hcte3:HyT Bce yrJlesoabi. CpeJjH c.oBpeMeHHbIX
TOp(pOB ma6JIIO,gaeTCSI HaJIHqHe TtiKHx BHAOB TOnJIHBa. HaHAenb1
Top(pbl, oTBe1IaioujHe npeaCTaBJ1eHHBM F. JI. CTa.1IHHKOBa o ryMy-
cOBO-canponeJieBOH npxpoJie TOHJIHB. Y COBpeMeHHBIX Top(poB, H
oco6eHHo y norpe6eHHbIx, Ha6JnOJiaioTcH npoueccbl ,IteKap6o.xcH-
JIHpOBaHHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT H (pOpMHpOBa'HHe TaK Ha3blBaeMOTO
OCTaTOTiHOTO yrJIH, TaKHM o6pa3oM, npouecc (pOpMHpOBaHHSI 3JIe-
McHTOB KaMeHHbIX yrJieli JlexaHT yx{e B TOp(pHH,OIi CTBAHH. Up'Ouec-
CbI yr'le(pHKaUHH O6ycJiOBJIeHbI THnaMH peaKu i, n'peHMyujecTBeH-
Hoe TeqeHHe KOTOpbIX COBepluaeTCH B noCJleaoBaTeJIbHOCTH: a) 6e3-
OCTaTOLIHbIfI pacnaJL yrJleBOAop-oAo3, 6) un:KJIH3auii i H apoMaTH3a-
uxsl yraleso.oB (TOP()), B) BHYTPHMOJIeKYJIHPHble peaKIHH AerHA-
paTauHH H AeKap6OKCHJIHpOBaHHH (6ypbifi yrOJlb), r) MexKMOJIe-
xyJixpHbie npOUeCCbI KOHAeHCaUHH (KaMeHHbifl yrOJIb).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
fO1 COBAH1IE YPJIE]Vf
C JJOBABRAMI OPPAH1ItIECI 1IX BEIIIECTB
E. H. JIOCKyTOBa
(Xuacuxo-.xserannyp2u,iecxuu uucTuTyr 3ana8no-Cu6upcxoao orOe.4euu.
AH CCCP, Hoeocu6upcx)
3aaatief4 HacTO$iU ero HccjieA0BaHHH 6bIJIo H3y'LieHHe BJIH!SIHH$I
AO6aBOK MaceJI, CMOJIbI H neKa KOKCOXHMH'IeCKOrO HPOH3B0ACTBa
Ha 4)H3HKO-McXaHHt1eCKHe CBOI1CTBa KOKCa II3 ra30BbIX H OTo ueH-
HbIX yrJieA Ky36acca H HX cMecefl, ,IaIoLUHX npH o6bItIHbIX yCJF'OBHHX
KOKCOBaHHH KOKC fOHH}KeHHOI3 npOtLHOCTH.
JI. M. Ca11WKHHKOBbIM, H. H. HHKOJIaeBbIM, B. C. (DHJIHnno-
BbIM, r. H. FOpoBOIi nOKa3aHO, tITO 60JIbIUHe A06aBKH (> 1 H
C 10 %) BbICOKOTeMnepaTypHoro neKa, CMOJIbI H MaceJi BbI3bIBaIOT
yBeJIHt1eHHe nJIaCTHtieCKOro CJIOSI yrJtex, T. e. B03AeiCTBy1OT Ha HX
cneKalomHe CBOfCTBa. rIPH 3TOM OTAeJIbHble aBTOpbI (B. C. I HJIHn-
naB, r. LI. FOposasi, K. H. CbICKOB, A. C. TepeHTbeB) Ha-
6JnOAaJIH 3aM2THOe yJiytuhleHHe IPOtIHOCTH KOKCa H3 yr ieI3 H IUHXT
C BbICOKHM BbIXOAOM JleTygHX, c 6OJIbnIHM COAep}KaHHeM OTOnueH-
HbIX yr ieH, cMeceI3, CoaepxcaLuHX TOIIJHe yrJIH H aHTpauHTbl,
H Ap.
B HacT0HLUeM HCCJIeAOBaHHH noxa3axo, TITO yBeJIH HHe nJia-
cTHtIecKorO CJIOH npH no6aBKax MaceJI, cMOJIbI H neKa He BcerAa
npHBOAHT K ynPOtiHeHHIO KOKCOBOrO OCTaTKa. I'I3MeHeHHe npOtlHOCTH
nOpHCTOrO MaTepHaJia KOKCa H3 yrjiei K, K0K, TC I3 cMecec Hx c
yrJIeM r 2 IPOXOJAHT tiepe3 MaKCHMyM IIpH onpeqeJIeH'HOI3 AJISi Ka)K-
AorO yrJISI OfTHMaJIbHO1i Ao6aBKe. IIpH yBeJ1HtieHHH ao6aBKH nJia-
CTH2IeiCKHI1 CJIOII Mo}KeT paCTH, a dIPOIIHOCTb KOKCa - yMeHbulaeTCSI.
,aJIH ra30BbIX yrJleli A06aBKH TSIxKeJIbIX MaceJi H neKa BbI3bIBaIOT
CHatIaJia CHH) KeHHe HPOLIHOCTH KOKCa, 3aTeM CJIeAyeT HeKOTOPOe ee
yBeJIHtieHHe.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C pa6oRIeii rHnoTe30I3 nOKa3a'HO, 'IITO B pa'HHeh
CTaJiHH HarpesaHHH yraIeli aacop61HOHHbie H CMatIHBaloume cJIOH
.)KHAKHX A06aB0K H3MeHHIOT XapaKTep aecTpyKgHH yrOJIbHOrO Be-
IueCTBa. 3TO np-OSIBJIHeTCH B H3MCHeHHH npOtIHOCTH KO,KCa B 3a'BHCH-
MOCTH OT nOpHAKa BbIHeCeHHH Ao6aBOK K KOMnOHeHTaM CMeCH, OT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BpeMeHH HX Bblaep)KHBaHHf1 c Ao6aBKaMH. B ra3e H3 yFJ1 i I,2 nPH
HarpeBaHHH ero B npHCyTCTBHH ao6aBKH aHTpaueHOBoro Mac.1la H
neKa yMexbwaeTcH BbIXO,I( CBSi3aHHOPO KHCJIOp-o.aa. Uo6a,BK'H MaceJi
H CMOJIbI KOKCOXHMH~IeCKOPO npOH3BOJ[CTBa rIOBbILnaIOT TepMOCTa-
6HJIbHOCTbnJIaCTHHeCKoH MacebI, yBeJIHIIHBaioT KOJIH'IeCTBO B Heri
}KHAKOH (4a3bl, yMeHbuialOT ra3onP0HHuaeMOCTb; npH 9TOM B IKHA-
.KofI (4a3e H B o6'beM'e ae(popMHpyiomHxc5i gaCTHu yr.iIH B yCJIOBH51X
MHrKOro rlHPOJIH3a npoTeKaIOT CHHTe3bI BbICOKOMoJIeKyJIHpHbIX o0e-
J(HHeHH}I THlna ac4 aJlbTeHOB. B yCJIOBHHX yBeJIH'IeHHOro nJIaCTHgIe-
CKOrO CJIOSI rIHpOJIH3 3THX BeLueCTB 3aaep}KHBaeTCSI Ao 60JIee BbICO-
KHX TeMnepaTyp. Uaiiee nOABeprasoCb pa3JIO)KeHHIO, OHH o6pa3yIOT
KOKCOBbIII OCTaTOK, CIIOCO6CTBy1Ou1,HI3 CneKaHHIO ae4)opMHPOBaHHbIX
H HHePTHbIX 3epeH.
IIOJIyKOKCOBaHHeM yrJlei ao 510? c Ao6aBKaMH allTpaueHoBoro
MaCJia H neKa Ao 10% HOKa3a'HO c.aeAyioLuee:
a) B c.nyuae Ao6aBKH aHTpaueHOBOro Maciia K yrJno r2 Ha6Jno-
AaioTCH yBeJIHHeHHe BbIxOAa Ae'vr H ra3a H yMexblIIeHHe BbIxoJ a
IIHporeHeTHHeCKOI-I BOAbI IIpoTHB TeopeT 1'4eCKH BO3MO?KHbIX.
YBeJIH,qeHHe BbIXOAa noJIyKOKca HaLIHHaeTCH npH Ao6aBKe 7%
MacJia. B ra3e Ha6JuoaaeTcH yMeHbLHeHH'e KHCJIOPOaHbIX coeAHHe-
HHI%I.
6) IIpn ao6aBKaX K yrJIIO r2 nexa 6oJIbLue 5% 3aMeiaeTC51 yse-
JIH'-IeHHe BbIxoJ a IIOJIyKOKCa H ra3a, BbIXOJj HHporexeTHLIeCKOH BO-
AbI nozyIaeTCH HH}Ke TeopeTHlIeCKH B03M0}KHOPO; KOJIHLIeCTBO KH-
CJIopoICOAep)KaHjHX KoMrIoHeiHT'OB B ra3e yMeHbulaeTCH.
B) B cjiyziae KOKCOBOrO yrJI1 AO6aBKH aHTpaueHOB,oro MacJIa
BbI3bIBaIOT yBeJIHileHHe BbIX'OAa nOJIyKOK'Ca H yMeHbineHHe BbIXOAa
Aevrsl nPOTHB O)KHAaeMbIX no pac eTy.
r) r1OJIyKO'KCOBaHHeM yrJiH K c Ao6aBKaMH nexa rOKa3aHO 3Ha-
TIHTeJIbHoe yBe.IHtIeHHe BbixoAa rlOJIyKOKCa, ri pOreHeTmeCKOH BOabl
n yMexbLueHHe BbIxOJja Aer i n ra3a HpOTHB TeopeTll"IecxH o,>KHAa-
eMbIX; KHCJIOpOAHbIX COeAH-HeHHIH B ra3e, nOJiyqeHHOM H3 YFJIH C aO-
6aBKaMH, McHbiue, HeM B ra3e H3 yrJiSI 6e3 ao6aBOK.
AHa.IH3 HH3KOTeMnepaTypHbi'x AerTeH H3 yrJIe13 F2 H K, noJIylIeH-
HbIX C JO6aBKaMH aHTpaueHOB'OrO Mac is H neKa, n'OKa3bIBaeT, LITO
cOAep?KaHHe B 'HHX aCi~aJIbTeHOB (KHCJIbrX H HeI3TpaJIbHbIX) BO BCeX
cJiytiaHX noJlyilaercH 6oJIbIuee, lieM o)KHAaeMoe H3 yrJIH H Ao6aBKH
B mr eJIbH&TH. 3HatIHTe.lbnoe HX yBeJuI IeHHe Ha6JlloJjaeTCH npH
ao6aBKax, 6oJIbuIHx 5%. 3T0 n'oATBepxcJ[aeT 143MexeHHe xapaKTepa
AecTpyKuHH B n'pHCYTCTBHH OpraHHtIeCKHX JIO6aBOK. r1OCKOJIbKy
KOJIHTIeCTBO KHCJIOpOAHbIX c0eAHHe'HHII B ra3e yMeHbl iaeTCA, B CMO-
Jiy rlepex'0AHT 60JIbHIe KH'cJIopoAcoAepxcamHx coeAHHexHH. YMeHb-
uieHHe n'HporeHeTHTIeCKOI3 BOAbI B CJiyilae nOJIyKOKCOBaHHII yrJISI r2
c AO6aBKaMH aHTpa'ueHOBOro MacJia H neKa TaK}Ke yxa3bIBaeT Ha
H3Me'HeHHe xapaKTepa H cKOpOCTeH AeCTpyKuHH yrOJIbHOrO Beure-
ciBa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KoxcosaHHe B neqH I'II'14 yraeli I'2i TC H Hx cMeceli c L o6aBKa-
MH OMeCH aHTpageHOiBOPO MacJIa c ineKOBbIM AHCTHJIJIHTOiM, BbPCOKO-
TeMIIepaTypHOii rKaMeHHOyroJIbHOIi CMOJIbI H nexa n0?KasaJI0, iiTO
npH OrITHMaJIbHbIX A06aBKax MO}KeT 6bITb noJiytIeH KOKC CO 3HatiH-
T2JIbHO yBeJIHIIeHHOIi TIPOIIHOCTb1O H npH 9TOM BbIXO,L KOKCa yBeJIH-
gIHIBaeTCSI inpOTHIB 013K~Hj(aeMoro no pac eTy -H'3 yr.ix H ao6auxH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ROJIJIOll HO-XHMHLIECRHE OCHOBbI
IIPO1 ECCA OBPA30BAHHSH KAMEHHOYPOJIbHOFO I{OI CA
B. A. OHycaATHC
(HMCTUTyT eop,o iux uciconae. bax AH CCCP, Mocxea)
c opMHpoBaHHe KOKCa B BHAe KyCKOB, HPHMeHHeMbIX B Ka4ecTBe
,i(OMeHHOFO, JIHTC IHOrO H ApyrorO TOnJIHBa, npeACTaBJIHeTCH KaK
KOJIJIOHAHO-XHMH4eCKHii npouecc, 3aKaHgHBa omHiiCH o6pa3OBaHH-
eM CTpyKTypbI reJIH C nOCJleuyioiuHMH ero H3MeHeHH51MH AO KOHe4-
HOH CTaAim }KeCTKOrO Kce'poreJIH. HagaJIbHOiI CTaAHeii KOKCOBaHHSI
HBJIHeTCH BO3HHKHOBeHHe npH HarpeBaHI-SH CJIO}KHOR KOJIJIOHA'HOH
CHCTOMbI B BHAe HHp030JIH, COOTBeTCTByIOIUerO nJIaCTHIIeQKOMy CO-
CTOAHH1O yrJIH.
06pa3OBaHHe reJIH KOKCa xapaKTep113yeTcq IIOHBJIeHHeM BHa-
-4aJIe He}KeCTKOPO CKeJIeTa, B KOTOpOM IIp?OCTpaHCTBO Me}KAy CTpyK-
TypHbIMH eAHHHgaMH 3aIIOJIHeHO }KHAKHM BemecTBOM, 6JIH3KHM no
npIpOAe K Ma-repnajiy CepgaToro OCTOBa, HO McHee CJIO}KHbIM nO
CBoeFi cTpyKType.
Ho Mepe CO3peBaHHH reJii (Ha CTaAHH TaK Ha3bIBaeMOrO nojiy-
KOKca) MexcAy CTpyKTyp'HbIMH eAHHHuaMH HOHBJHI TCH Bce 6oJlbiuee
4HCJIO }KeCTKHX XHMH4eCKHX CB513ef, a }KHAKHe BeIueCTBa, 3anoni ?
HHBHIHe BHyTpHKapKaCHOe npOCTp1HCTBO, JIH60 yJIeTy'IHBauoTCH,
,iH60, npeTepneBaH JaeuTpyKLuno, BCTyHBJOT B XHMH4eCKOe coeAHHe-
HHe C BeIueCTBOM ceT4aToro OcTOBa, n0BbIHIaI }KeCT?KOCTb H HJIOT-
HOCTb BCex MacCbI re. i. B xoAe BbIAeJIeHHH H yJIeTy4HBaHH51 1KHJI-
KHX BenjeCTB reJib ('nOJIyKOKC) 'HCnbITbIBaeT C}KaTHe H rOCTenelrHo
TepHeT CBOIO BJIaCTHgHOCTb. B KOHue KOHIOB nOJlyliaerc i }KeCTKOe,
nOpHCToe TeiuO KOKCa.
IIepeXOA KaiMeHHbIX yrnei3 B n.naCTH1iecxoe COCTOAHHe npH Ha-
rpeBaHHH XapaKTe'PH3yeTC51 H3MeHeHHeM HX HCXOAHOPO KOJIJI'OHJjHO-
rO COCTOAHHH. Yr.iHM Ka}KAOii CTaAHH McTaMOp()H3Ma cooTBeTCTBy-
}OT KaK oc?o6oe KOJIJIOHAHOe cOCTOHHHe, O6ycJIOBJI'HBaIOIuee psA ero
Ba3KHeiimuX CBOIiCTB, TaK H CneIjHI)H ieCKHe H3MeHeHH31 yrJIH npii
HarpeBaHHH.
B XOAe KOKCOBaHHH BTOT Hepexo Bblpa)KaeTCH B Ha6yXaHHH H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AHcneprHpOBaHHH yrJlef, BXOJ IU1HX B IHHXTY. Z[JI5I yrJleH cpe_AHeli
CTaAHH McTaMOpcpu3Ma (HanpHMep, }KHpHbIX H KOKCOBbIX), o61iaAa-
IOLUHX He}KecTKOH CTpyKTypbi, AHcneprHpoBaHHe MO}KeT npOTeKaTb
IIO Bcef Macce KaxKAOH LIaCTHUbI H3MeJIblieHHOrO yrJISI. aJISi ra3OBbIX
)Ke yrJleH 3T0 5IBJIeHHe 3aXBaTbIBaeT TOJIbKO IIaCTb TaKOro 3epHa.
B caynae 6o.nee BbIcoKOMeTaMop{JH3oBaBHbIX yrnei (HanpHMep,
TH,ria IIC) OHO Ha6JuoAaeT l TOJIbKO C Ha'py)KHOH nOBepXHOCTH LIa-
CTHU.
Flo Me'pe xoja HarpeBaHHH Ha6yxaHHe H AHcneprHpOBaHHe o6-
JlertIaioTC51 B03paCTaIon HM KOJIHLIeCTBOiM }KHAKOH cpa3bl, nOSIBJIHlO-
HjexCSI B'Hagiajle B pe3yJIbTaTe nJIaBJIeHHH HeKOTOpbIX MHIKpOKOMnO-
IieHTOB yrJI51; B xoj e TepMH'3eCKOH AeCTpyKUHH yrJISI KOJIH'LICCTBO ee
nOCTeneHHO yBeJIHtIHBaeTc5i.
CBOIICTBa o6'pa3yloluerocsl nHp03OJI$I (ero OTHOCHTeJIbHaH Tep-
MHzIeCKaSI yCTOHtIHBOCTb, BH3KOCTb H CTeneHb O'AHOpOAHOCTH) 13 KH-
HeTHKa O6pa3OBa'HHH B HeM reJIeBOH CTpyKTypbI KOKCa HMO}OT Ba}K-
HeHHlee 3Ha ieHHe B npoljecce KOKIC'OBaHH5I, TaK KaK OHH B OCHOBHOM
onpeAe.ISIFOT CTpyKTypy c)'OpMHpylou(enoc5I KOKCa.
XHMHLIeCKHe npOljeCCbI AeCTpyKuHH yrJIH npHB'OAHT K fO5lBJIe-
HHIO CBOOOJjHbIX BaJIeHTHbIX CBSI3ef y OTAeJIbFIbIX CTPYKTY'PHbIX eAH-
HHU. TepMH9eCKaH BH6paUH2 Bcex 3JIeMeHTOa CHCTeMbI o6ecne-
LIHBae.T nO51BJIeHHe XHMHqeCKHX CBSI3eH MexKay 3THMH eAHHHUaMH.
YCHJIeHHe BH6pauHH, HanpHMep, npHMeHeHHeM yJIbTpa3BYKa H Ap?,
H'HTexcHCIHuHpyeT npouecc o6pa3OBaHHH reJi H MO'}KeT AaTb B03-
MOfKHOCTb HPOBO1(HTb ero npH 6OJiee HH3KHX TeMneparypaX BHeHI-
Hero o6orpeBa.
YJIeTytIHBaHHe }KHAKHX npOAYKTOB H3 3T0H HOBOH KOJIJIO'HAHOH
CHCTeMbI, nOHBHBHIHXCSI KaK HyTeM nHpOJIH3a, TaK H B pe3yJlbTaTe
CHHepe3Hca, o6Ha}KaeT npOMe}KyTKH Me3KAy CTpyKTVpHbIMH arpera-
TaMH ceTilaTOrO KapKaCa, C03AaBa5i MHKpOnOpHCTyIO CHCTe iy, Xa-
paKTepHyio AJI5I CTpyKTypbI CTeHOK s ieeK KOKca. B XOAe yi[aJIeHHSI
3THX }KHAKHX npOAyKTOB H3 HOP npOHBJISIeTCSI AefCTBHe Ka'nHJIJI51p-
HbIX CHJI, BbI3bIBaioiuee c KaTHe BCero CKeJIeTa H CO'nyTCTByloHjHe
3TOMy 5IBJIeHHH - yCaAKy H paCTpeCKHBaHHe. 14em McHee }KeCTK
CHCTeMa H '-leM McAJIeHHee npOHCXOAHT C}KaTHe, TOM McHee rIOABep-
KKeHa paCTpeCKHBa'HHIO, TOM 6o iee peAKasi CeTb TpeUJ.HH fIOHBJISIeT-
C5I npH TaKHX yCJIOBHSIX.
H3BecTHbie pa3JI'HLIH I B CTpyKType KOKCOB - npSiMOH pe3yJlb-
TaT npOTeKBHHH THlH'3HbIX KOJIJIOHAHO-XHMHZieCKHX npO'ueCCOB H
ocO6eHHOCTe1 KOJIJIOHAHOH CTpyKTypbI Ka}KA0r0 TH'na yrJHI.
OnpeAe.lena poJIb pHAa cpaKTOpOB, BJIHHIOH(HX Ha XOA CTpyK-
TypHblx npespaiueHHH yrJI5I B KOKC H Ha CBOHCTBa o6pa3yK)Hjer0C5I
KOKca. DTH #'KTOpbI MbI pa3AeJIHM Ha TpH rpynnbl:
a) c)aKTopi i, OnpeaeJISnoII[He nepexoj yrJI5I B COCTOSIHHe nApo-
30JISI npH HarpeBaHHH (no Heel Macce yrOJIbHbIX 'IaCTHU HJIH TIa-
CTH'gHO, HanpHMep TOJIbKO C Hapy}K'HOH noBepXHOCTbIO) ;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
6) (~aKTopbI, BJIHmomiie Ha ()113HKO-XHMHLieCKHe npoueccbI i3
c.noe qaCTHU KOIKCyeMOI3 3arpy3KH;
B) (JaKTOpbI, BJIHAK)n[He Ha npoueccbl B o6pa3yloH[eMCH H 3a-
TBeplleBalolueM re, ie (B CTaAHH nepexoAa IOJIyKOKCa B KOKC).
HHTeHCH(4HUHpyH HJIH 3aMej[JISIH aeACTBHe KaKoro-JIH6o H3 (PaK-
TOpOB, M-O)KHO aO'CTHraTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIuerO H3MeHeHHH CTpyKTypbI
KOKCa H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, Heo6xoJ(HMoro H3MeHeHHA ero CBOHCTB.
HaytIHO o60CHOBaHHoe OnpeAeJleHHe yCJIOBHI3 n0grOTOBKH yFJIH, CO-
CTaBa HIHXTbI H TerIJIOBOI'o pe}KHMa KOKCOBaHHSI AJIH noJIy4IeHHH
KOKCa }KeJIaeMOrO KaqeCTBa aoJI)KHo 6bITb IIOCTpOeHO Ha ywTe it
HcnOJIb3OBaHHH BCen COBOKyn'HOCTH yCTaHOBJIeHHbIX ()aKTOpOB.
O6HapyaceHHe H HccJIe,io-BaHHe 3aKOHOMepHOCTH ripouecca o6-
pa30BaHHH CTpyKTypbI KOKCa OTKpbIBaIOT 60JIbmHe B03MO}KHOCTH
peryjiHpoBaHHH xoAa KOKCOBaHHSi B )KeJIaeMOM HanpaBJIeHHII H
paci1HpeHHH aCCOpTHMeHTa HCnOJIb3yeMbIX aJIH 3TOr0 yrJteH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BYPbIE H HECHERAIOII~HECH HAMEHH16IE YI'JIH
H liX O$YCROBAHHE
E. M. Tai i, H. A. CeuoBa
(HnCTuTyT aop1ouux ucnonae.acbax AH CCCP, Mocnea)
IIpogecc noJlyueHHx KOKCa H3 6ypblx yraeii, OCyigecTB.nexxblf
B npoMbIHIJIeHH,oM MacIIITa6e, OCH,OBbIBaeTCH Ha Hx npeJ Bap'HTeJIb-
HOM 6pHKeTI'FpOBaHHH npH aaBJieHHH 1500-2000 K2/C.122 c noCJie-
JcyIOIilHM HarpeBOM a O 1000?.
Oj[HaKO KyCKOBOe TOnJIrHBO H3 6ypblX H MOJIOJjbIX HecneKalolgHX-
CH KaMeHHbIX yrJieH, KaK nOKa3aJIH Ha1IH OnbITbi (a B OTHOHIeHHH
6ypblX yrJleN - TaK}Ke OnbITbl, npoBej[eHHble B I'epMaHHH), MO}Ke'r
6bITb HOJIytIeHO ,HpH .T aBJIeHHH, POpa3Jj0 McHbIHeM yKa3aHHoro, ecim
COBMeCTHTb npeocOBaHHe yrJISI C erO HarpeBOM B onpeJleJIeHHO:M
TeMnepaTypH-OM HHTepBaJle.
flpH aaBJIeHHH OKOJIO 300 K2/CAi2 H BbII1J H3 TOHIKOH3MeJIbTIeH-
HOrO yrJiii O6pa3yeTC5i np0tlHb1H MOH,OJIHT B cJlyt-Iae, ecjIH npeccosa-
HHe ((cOpMOBaHHe) npOH3BOJ[HTCSI B6JIH3H TeMnepaTypbI pa3JIO-
}KeHH5I.
LITO KacaeTCSI B'peMeHH BbIJjep}KKH yrJi HOJj J(aBJIeHHeM, TO OHO
HaXO, .HTCH B 06paTHOl3 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJIHLIHHbI jjaBJIeHHH npec-
COBaHHH. FIpH BbICOKOM JTaBJIeHHH BpeMH BbIJlepx(KH OLIeHb MaJIO.
flpH HH3KOM jaBJIeHHH Ba)KHO, LIT06bI OHO jjeI-ICTBOBaJIIO He MPHO-
BeHHO, a HeKOTOpoe BpeMSI (HCTIHCJISIeMoe MHHyTaMH HJIH JJOJIHMH
MHHYTbI, OHHTb-TaKH B 3aBHOHMOCTH OT JZaBJIeHHH), B TeLleH'He KO-
TOpOPO HpOHCXOAHT B3aHMOJ(e1{CTBHe Me}KJjy gaCTngaMH HO HOBepX-
HOCT5IM COnpHKOCHOBeHHH, TITO H O6yCJIOBJIHBaeT o6pa3oBaHHe MO-
HOJIHTa. FIpOTIHOCTb MOHOJIHTa npo4OJI3Kael yBeflHLIHBaTbCH npH
Jja.nb'HelinleM HarpeBe (nocjie CHHTH5I JjaBJIeHHH).
B3aHMo.r eHCTBHe Me)Kj[y iIaCTHIjaMH 06yCJIOBJIeHO TeMH }Ice
HBJIeHHHMH, KOTOpble HPHBOJUIT K YnPOIIHeHHIO OTJjeJIbHbIX 3epeH
yrJiSi npH HX HarpeBe BbIHIe TeMnepaTypbI pa3JI0}KeHH39. B pe3yJlb-
Te aeCTpYKUHH yrOJIbHOrO BeHHeCTBa npOHCXOAHT pOCT aTOMHbIK
yrJIepOAHbIX CeTOK H H3MeHeHHe HX B3aHMHOIt opHeHTauHH npH
yBeJIHqeHHH o6igePO KOJIHTIeCTBa XHMHtieCKHX CBH3ef, qTO HPHBOJIHT,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B gaCTHOCTH, K yBeJIHTieHHIO MHKpOTBepJjOCTII H H3MeHeHHIO , pyrHx
np04HOCTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK TOrIJIHBa.
B cjiygae O6bIT4HOrO KOKCOBaHHH 6ypOyrOJIbHbIX 6pHKeTOB, nOJIy-
4IeHHbIX npH BbICOKOM aaBJIeHHH, TaK}Ke npOHCXO.i[HT ynpOT-IHeHHe;
OHO fPOIIOPUHOHaJIbHO OTHOLIIeHHIO yCa,IIKH 6pHKeTa B LI,eJIOM K
yca,aKe OTaeJIbHbIX yrOJIbHbIX 3epeH. MaJIaH BeJIHIIHHa 3TOr0 OTHO-
LHeHH5I CBHJeTeJIbCTByeT 0 HapyLUeHHH KOHTaKTa Me}KJiy liaCTH-
uaMH B npouecce HX ycaJ KH. F103TOMy CTOJIb Ba}KHO npHJ10}KeHHe
JjaBJIeHHSI B MOMeHT Hatia.na pa3JI0}KeHHH (H yCaAKH) yrOJibHbIX
3epeH. HMeHHO H3-3a C6JIH}KeHHH gaCTHII H MO}KeT HOSIBHTbCSI np04-
HaH CB513b Mex(Ay HHMH, 06yc.IOBJIeHHaH .I(eCTPyKUHeii yIOJIbHOro
BeU;eCTBa.
BCJIe,JCTBHe pa3JIHT-IHOIi XHMHLIeCKOIi ipHpOJJbI H HeOJiHHaKOBOrO
neTporpacJHTIeCKOrO COCTaBa OTaeJIbHbIX THROB 6ypblX yrJieii npoTi-
HOCTb o6pa3yrOLuHXCA H3 HHX MOHOJIHTOB MO}KeT OKa3aTbCH pa3JIH1I-
HOIi na Ke npH OaHHaKOBOIi CTeHeHH C6JIH}KeHH51 HX 3epeH (nO3TOMy
Bb16Op onTHMaJIbHOro )naBJIeHHH HaXO,I[HTCSI B 3aBHCnMOCTH OT
THna yrjix). B CB513H C 3THM B03HHKaeT HHTepeCHaHI BO3MO}KHOCTb
xapaKTepH30BaTb OT,LLeJIbHble BHJLbI 6ypbix yrJieH no HX CH0006HO-
CTH 06pa3OBbIBaTb MOHOJIHT TOR HJIH HHOH npOtIHOCTH. f ocJIeJ[HSI1
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THna yrJIH McHSIeTC51 B LHHpOKHX npeueJiax, n0-
3TOMy MO}KHO CIIHTaTb, TITO npo6a Ha npOIIHOCTb TepM06pHKeTOB
aHaJIOFHgHa npo6e Ha CneKaeMOCTb KaMeHHbIX yrJieii, TaK T-ITO
J.[aHHoe HCnbITaHHe MO}KeT paCCMaTPHBaTbCSI KaK CyLueCTBeHHOC
.I(0 IOJIHeHHe K 06bITIHbIM McT0J M HCCJIeAOBaHHH 6ypblX yr.neii,
OAHaKO He TOJIbKO 6ypbie, HO B em e 6oJ1b1ueli Mepe H MOJIO,able
KaMeHHble, a TaK)Ke OKHCJIeHHble, COBepUIIeHHO He cnexaloluxecSI,
yrJiH CIIOCO6HbI o6pa3oBaTb MOHOJIHTHbIIi KOKC B OIIHCaHHbIX BbIIIIe
yCJIOBH5IX, npwIeM HPOLIHOCTb KOKCa 3aBHCHT OT CTeHeHH OKHCJIeH-
HOCTH yrJi i H MO}KeT B H3BeCTHOIi Mepe ee xapaKTepH30BaTb.
143JI0}KeHHbII3 Cnoco6 OKyCKOBaHHH OTKpbIBaeT HOBbie BO3MO}K-
HOCTH B o6JIaCTH HCCJIe,ILOBHHHH H HCIIOJIb30BaHHH 6ypblX H HeCHe-
KaJOIi[HXC$1 KaMeHHbIX yrnei3.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XHMHI{O-I{ATAJIHTHiIECJ HI1 METO)j
OKYCKOBAHHH TOHKOH3MEJIb1IEHHbIX IHHXTOBbIX
MATEPHAJIOB
H. H. Iiananeq, H. H. MeneHTbeB, A. D. Cnopnyc
(HnnCruTyT zoprouux ucxonaembix AH CCCP, Mocnea)
fIepepa6OTKa 6ej(HbIX }Ke.Ie3HbIX pYJ B aoMeHHbIX netlaX B03-
MOM(Ha TOJIbKO noc.ae TIIZaTeJIbHOI'O FIX 06oralll.eHH 1, Tpe6ylou(ero
BeCbMa TOHKOFO H3MeJIbt4eHHH j(JISI paCKpbITHSI pyj(HbIX 3epeH. ITpH
rJIY6OKOM o6orau(eHHH }KeJIe3HbIX pyA fOJlytlalOTCH TOHKOj(HCnepC-
Hble }KeJIe3OpyjlHble KOHueHTpaTbl, COCTOHII(He Ha 80-90% H3
tlacTH1 pa3MepoM Ao 0,06 mm.
B 3TOH CBH3H 6oJIbIlloe 3Ha'IeHHe npH06peTalOT BOnpOCbl pa3pa-
60TKH paUHOHaJIbHbIX McTOAOB OKYCKOBBHHH TOHKOH3MeJlbtleHHbIX
KOHueHTpaTOB. Hapsu(y C 3THM He McHee Ba}KHOe 3HatIeHHe Hl)H-
o6peTaeT npo6JIeMa peHIHTeJIbHOFO BHeApeHHH B McTaJIJIyprHtleCKHe
npoi eccbI yrJiei HeAeccHIJHTHbIX MapOK (HeKOKCyIOMHXCSI).
B page 3apy6e}KHbIX CTpaH 3HagHTeJIbHOe BHHMaHHe yaeJISleTCH
OKOMKOBaHHIO TOHKOH3MeJlbtieHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB McTOAOM OKaTbIBa-
HHSI B 6apa6aHaX HJIH Ha TapeJlbuaTblx rpaHyJISITopaX c noc iejtylo-
II(HM o6}KHroM OKaTbIIueH (rpaxyJl) Ha arJiojieHTax, a TaK}Ke B
HIaXTHbIX HJIH Tpy6tlaTbIX Bpaluatoui,Hxcx netlax. CyLueCTBeHHbIM
Hej(OCTaTKOM 3Toro McToga MBJISieTCH j(OBOJIbHO CJIO)KHbII-f H MaJlo-
npOH3BOj(HTeJIbHbIH npouecc o6MCxra CbIPbIX OKaTbIHIeH (rpaxy.l)
npH TeMnepaTypax riopclgKa 1200-1300?.
B HHCTHTyTax Foplo mx HcxonaeMblx H McTaJIJIyprHH AH CCCP
pa3pa6OTaH H HCnbITaH HOBbIH XHMHKO-KaTaJIHTHtIeCKHH McTOA
OKyCKOBaHH5I TOHKOH3MeJIbgIeHHbIX weze30pYAHbIX KOHueHTpaTOB H
j(pyrHX IIIHXTOBbIX MaTepHaJIOB.
1-IpHHuHnHaJIbHa.q TeXHOJIOTHgeCKaq cxeMa XHMHKO-KaTaJIHTHtIe-
CKOro McTOj(a nOJlytIeHHH rpaHyJIHpOBaHHbIX, o4JJI10COBaHHbIX
pYj(HOTOrIJIHBHbIX rpaHyJI COCTOHT B CJIeAyK)u(eM. B npouecce
HCHOJIb3y1OTCH TOHKOH3MeJlbtIeHHble weae3opyAHbie KOHI(eHTpaTbI
THria KypCKOH MarHHTHOH alloMaiiHH, IOFOKa, HJIbMCHHTOB H nepo-
KCHTOB, KOKCHK, allTpallHT HJIH HegeccHI(HTHble MapKH yr.neH H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H3BeCTb. flpHMepHbIH COCT2B HIHXTbI: PYAHble KOHIjeHTpaTbl 70-
80%, OKHCb KaJIb1HSI -15-10%, TOBJIHBO 15-10%.
I'ICXOAHble CbIpble MaTepHaibI THOCTyfaTOT Ha }KeJIe3HOJZOpO]K-
Hble CKJIaAbI, nocJle hero Hx noABepraloT npeABapHTeJIbHOH o6pa-
60TKe. 11pH 9TOM H3BeCTHSIK o6)KHraeTCSI BO Bpalualoujxxcsl neqax
Ha H3BeCTb, KOTOpaH 3aTeM raCHTCH BOAOH B IIyUIOHKy, a TOnJIHBO
H )KeAe30pyAHble KOHueHTpaTbl BbICyIUHBaIOTCH BO BpaujaloluHXCSi
cyJUHJIKax Ao coAepxcaHHa BJIarH 2-4%.
>Kene30pyAHbIH KOHueHTpaT, KOKCHK H H3BeCTb H3 HpHeMHbIX
6yHKepOB mepe3 TapeJlbqaTble A03epbl fOCTynalOT Ha CMeHICHHe B
HIapOByio McJIbHHuy. 1'OTOBaq HIHXTa noaaeTCSI B 6yHKep, OTKyAa
TpaHOnOpTHpyeTC I Ha JLHCKOBbII3 rpaHyJIHTOp. O,gFIOBpeMeHHO B
rpaHyJIRTOp H3 HafOpHbIX 6aT4XOB nOAaeTCSi 0,01 %-HbIH paCTBOP
KaTaJIH3aTopa.
flO.ny'-ieHHble Ha rpaHyJiATope rpaHYJIbI HanpaBJI5I1OT Ha nOJj-
cyulKy. 1ZOAcyHIeHHble rpaHyJIbI C ueJIb1O Kap60HH3aijHH B Hepecbin-
HOH Kap60HH3aUHOHHOH KaMepe o6pa6aTblBaloT XOJIOAHbIMH JjbIMO-
BbIMH ra3aMH KaynepOB HJIH npOAyKTaMH rOpeHHSI, couep)KamHMH
yrJIeKHCJIOTy. BpeMH Kap60HH3auHH 60---120 MHH.
11pouecc ynpOTIHeHHH rpaHyJi HAeT 3a C'-IeT 06pa3oBaHHH MHKpO-
KpHCTaJIJu-I eCKOH cTpyKTypbI Kap60HaTa KaJIbIZHA. I'OTOBble rpa-
HyJIbI, Bblrpy)KeHHble H3 nepecbbnHOH HIaXTHOH Kap60HM3aIjHOHHOrI
KaMepbI, noJjaiOTCH Ha CKJIaA rOTOBOH npOJjyKlHH.
KMA 70, CaO
15, KOKCHK
15
IIpO9HOCTb,
KgICM?
HcTHpae-
MOCTb, %
rpaHyJlw Ha-
XOJ[HJIHCb B BOJ[e
B TemeHHe 6 McCH-
ueB, HO He noTe-
PHJIH CBOHX Me-
xaHHVeCKHX
CBOHCTB
BO00TaHoBH-
MOCTb B CO
B 2-3 pa3a
CKopee, fleM
aruioMepaTa
TepMOCrofl-
KOCTb
He pa3pyula-
IOTCff HpH OJj-
HogacoBoM
HarpeBe IIpH
900?
IIOJIyqeHHble OnHcaHHbIM McTOAOM pyAHOTOHJIHBHble O(JJIIO00-
BaHHble rpaHyJlbl 6bIJIH nOABeprHyTbI HCnbITBHHIO B yKpynHeHHOH
JlaoopaTOpHOH AOMeHHOH neqH 14HCTHTyTa McTaJIJIyprHH AH CCCP
H B 9JIeKTponeqH BAMH B JIeHHHrpaAe. PIOnbITaHHH AaJIH nOJIO-
)KHTeJIbHble pe3yJIbTaTbl.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBME HPHH]qHHbI OBOPAIAEHHFI
TBEPAbIX POPIOxIHX HCROHAEMbIX
H I{OMHJIEKCHOTO IICHOJIb3OBAHHJI
MHHEPAJIbHbIX KOMHOHEHTOB YrJIEIt
A.3.10p0BCKBfi
(HItCTuTyr eoprowux uchonaeMbix AH CCCP, Mocicea)
B noHHTHe KOMnJleKcHOro HCnOJIb3oBaHH5I TBepAOrO TOHJIHBa (B
IHHPOKOM CMbICJIe 3TOrO CJIOBa) HeH36e)KH0 AOJI}KIIbI BXOJIHTb npHH-
IUHIIbI pauHOHaJIbHOI3 YTHJIH3auHH MHHepaJIbHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB
yrOJIbHOrO BeLueCTBa, npHCyaI,HX TBepabIM ropiotlHM HCKonaeMblM.
BOJiee BHHMaTeJIbHoe H3ytIeHHe HeopraHHtleCKHX KOM-
nOHeHTOB HcxonaeMblx yrJieik AeJiaeT B IOJIHe 3aKOHHbIM cpaBHeHHe
ueHHOCTH opraHHtleCKHX H MHHepaJlbHbIX COCTaBJISIK)HjHX tiacTefI
TOHJIHBa. IIpH 3TOM B nePBYIO OtiepeAb 3aCJIy}KHBaeT BHHMaHHH
neponeKTHBa yTHJIH3auHH TaKHX MHHepaJlbHbIX KOMHOHeHTOB, KaK
aJIIOMHHHft, cepa, THTaH, MOJIH6AeH H peAKHe 3JIeMeHTbI.
YroJIbHoe BeIueCTBO, nOMHMO CBoero npsiMoro TeXHOJIorINeCKO-
rO 3HageHHH, OAHOBpeMeHHO SIBJISIeTCSH apceHaJIOM MHOrOtJHCJIeHHbIX
ueHHefirnMX MaTepHaJIOB, nonyTHax Ao6bltla KOTOpbIX o6SI3aTeJIbHo
ocymeCTBJISIeTCSI npOMbILHJIeHHOCTblO.
UeHTpaJIbHOH 3aJ atlefi CTaHOBHTCH HaxwKAeHHe npHeMJIeMbIX
nyTefl pa3Ae.IeHHSi H KOHueHTpaUHH yKa3aHHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB.
BCJIeACTBHe BTOI'O npouecc o6oran eHHA rOpiOtIHX HCKOnaeMblX
AOJix{eH CTBTb 06olOA000TpbIM Opy)KHeM, KOMHJIeKCHO peLHaloLuHM
3aAatiy yJIyquieHHSI KatIeCTBa 3HepreTH,4ecKoro H McTaJIJIyprHtIeCKO-
ro TOHJIHBa, npeBpaLua5l OAHOBpeMeHHO MHHepaJlbHblfl 6aJIJIaCT B
HCTOtiHHK CbIpbHH AJISI ueJIOTO pSIAa Ba}KHefIIIIHX OTpacJiefi npOMblul-
JIeHHOCTH.
Pa3pa6OTaHHafl B I'IHCTHTyTe roplotlHX HCKonaeMblx AH CCCP
TeOpHST paCKpbITHST MHHepaJIOB r103BOJIHeT Haf3TH OnTHMaJIbHble
yCJIOBHSI TeXHOJIorHH yrJleo6oraTHTeJIbHOrO npouecca KaK j(JISI noJiy-
tIeHHSI iIHCTbIX (r.Iy6oKO AeMHHepaJIH3oBaHHbIX) KOHueHTpaTOB, TaK
H B OTHOLLIeHHH MaKCHMaJIbHOH KOHueHTpaUHH MHHepa.lIbHb1X KOM-
UGHeHTOB B TeX HJIH HHbIX npOAyKTax o6OranjeHHSi.
O6e, Ha nepBblfl B3rJIHA HPOTHBOHOJIO}KHbie, 3aAagIH HMe1OT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
06H1yJO OCHOBy H o6111VIO TeXHOJIorH'-IecKylo HanpaBJIeHHOCTb. TaK,
HanpuMep, pe}KHMbI o5oraLueHH5I, o6ecnetIHBaloluHe CHH}KeHHe co-
Aepx{aHHSI cepbl B KOHueHTpaTe, npHBOASIT K 3Ha!IHTeJIbHOMy nOBbI-
LneHHIO KOHueHTpauHH cepHOrO KoJItIeAaHa B OTXoaaX yrJIeo6oraIue-
HHH. IIPH KOMnJIeKCHOM OCyLueCTBJIeHHH yrJleo6oraLueHHA
TepMHH KHBaeTC.9 npH 6o.nee HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax (OT
700? H BbIIUe) H npH YCJIOBHH 1POTeKaHHH OCHOBHO11 peaKIIHH BOC-
cTaHOBJIeHHSI CO2 no o61 eiR cxeMe:
C"02-F-C_.C"O+CO,
C"02 -1- 2C y 2CO + C"
npH cooTrlonIeHHHx: C" : CO = 1 : 4 HJIH I : 6.
3TH peaKuHH B3aHMOCB513aHbI H fPH fOBbIIIIeHHH TeMnepaTypbI
H3MeHHI0TCH no 3KCHOHeHI;HaJIbHOMy 3aKOHy, yCTaHOBJIeHHOMy AJIH
O6bItIHbIX XHMHtIeCKHX peaKgHH,
rlpOTeKaHHe reTeporeHHbIX peaKu.I n o6MeHa yrJIepo, a AaeT
BO3MO)KHOCTb 9KCHepHMeHTaJIbHO H3yt1HTb TOHOXHMHtgeCKHe peaK-
UHH B3auMoaeiCTBH51 CO H CO2 C yr.ieM npH nOMOIII.H MeTORa
paaHOrpacpHH H MHKpo4 oToMeTpHpOBaHHSI paAHorpaMM. rIpH 9TOM
GIIbITHbIM nyTeM MOMKHO yCTaHOBHTb yCJIOBHSJ HpOTeKaHHH peaK11HH,
T. e. yCTaHOBHTb KHHeTH4IeCKyIO H aH("y3HOHHYIO o6JIaCTH pearH-
pOBaHHH.
CpaBHHTeJIbHaH JIerKOCTb npOTeKaHHSI HeKOTOpbIX XHMHt1eCKHX
peaKJ1HH B HpHCyTCTBHH TBepj(OrO TOnJIHBa oftHCHHeTCH TeM, 4TO
Ha nOBepXHOCTH yrJISI HMeIOTC 1 CBo60AHble XHMHt1eCKHe BaJIeHTH0-
CTH, o6yCJIOBJIHBaIOH.cne a6pa3OBaHHe rlpOMe)KyTOt-IHbIX aKTHBHb1X
KOMnJIeKCOB.
AaHHble, Ony6JIHKOBaHHble B JIHTepaType, H pe3yJIbTaTbI HaUIHX
OnbITOB noKa3bIBalOT, TITO peaK1uIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI CO2 yrJJeM
npoTeKaeT C 06pa3OBaHHeM npOMe}KyTOtIHbIX KOMnJIeKCOB; npH
9TOM rIOBBJIeHHe aKTHBHbIX H HeaKTHBHbIX MOJIeKyJI CO H C02,
a Taio e TOHOXHMHt4eCKHe peaKIIHH o6MeHa yrJJepojca HaXOAHTCA
BO B3aHMOCBSI3H. Pe3yJIbTaTbI 9THX pa60T j[aJOT OCHOBaHHH Ct1H-
TaTb, tITO McXaHH3M B3aHMOJI,eIJCTBHH CO2 C yrJJeM npOTeKaeT no
cJie,r yloigel3 Ha116ojiee BepOHTHOH cxeMe:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(b)
Q 3 ?=0'-o-~\ (C) R
to 17 18
TaKHM o6pa3OM, H3OTOHHbIH McTOA nccJIeAOBaHHH rIOKa3bIBaeT,
LITO nPH B3a1MOAeHCTBHH OKHCJIOB yrJlepoja c yrJleM npH BbICOKHX
TeMnepaTypax npOTeKaIOT HeCKOJIbKO B3aHMOCBH3aHHbIX napaJl-
JIeJIbHbIX H nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHbIX peaKuHH C 06pa3OBaHHeM Ha nO-
BepXHOCTH yrJIH no McHbIIeH Mepe TpeX KOMnJIeKCOB: 1) IHKJIHtIe-
CKOrO KOMIIJIeKca, IIpH pacnaae KOTOporO o6pa3yeTCR CO2 H CO
(o6paTHaH peaKuHH H peaKUHSI BOCCTaHOBJIeHHcI) HJIH }Ke BbIAeJISIeT-
csi yr.nepoA C fOCJIeayIOUJHM o6pa3OBaHHeM CO (peaKuHH o6MeHa) ;
2) nepBHLlHOro JIHHecIHOro KoMnJlexca, npH pacnaae KOTOPOro 06-
pa3yK)TC51 TOJIbKO CO2 H CO; 3) BTOpHTIHOI'O JIHIHeiiHor0 KOMnJIeKca
THna KeTOrpynnbI, BO3HHKaK)HI.erO B pe3yJIbTaTe pacnaAa nepBHtl-
HbIX KOMHJIeKCOB C 06pa3OBaHHeM CO H C HJIH iKe o6pa3ylonLerocH
IIPH HenoCpe,TCTBeHHOM B3aHMOAeHCTBHH KHCJIOpOAa c yrJleM. Hpn
ero paonaae o6pa3yeTC5I TOJIbKO CO.
J1Ba nocJIej[HHX KoM IJlexca npH fPOTeKaHHH peaKU(HH B o6paT-
HOM HanpaBJIeHHH COCTaBJTHIOT MexaHH3M Tpex peaxuHH: reTepo-
rexxoH peaxuHH o6Mexa yr.nepoAa Mex(Ay CO H CO2, TopMO}{eHHS{
OKHCbIO yrJiepoAa peaxuHH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH CO2 H OKHCJIeHHH
(ropeHHSI) CO B nPHCYTCTBHH TBepaorO TorumBa. B03MO){HO TaK-
Ke, 'ITO 9TH aKTHBHble KOMnJI2KCbI CJIy)KaT HPHiIHHOH CpaBHHTeJIbHO
JIerKoro OKHCJIeHHH H2, CH4 H KOHBepCHH CH4, CO H ApyrHX ra30B.
UMCTOTCH OCHOBaHHR C'IHTaTb, TITO cB060AHble BaJIeHTHOCTH Ha
HOBepXHOCTH yrJTH 06yCJIOBJIHBaIOT o6pa30BaHHe He TOJIbKO KHCJIO-
POAHbIX K0MnJIeKC0B, HO TaK Ke H rHApOKCHJIbHbIX, BOAOPOAHbIX H
,apyrHX aKTHBHbIX npOMex{yTOT-IHbIX coeAHHeHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
OB OCHOBHbIX 3AROHOMEPHOCTfIX
HPOLIECCA HOA3EMHOf1 PA3WDHI AI III YIJIEft
H. B. JIaBpOB
(H; cruryT zopiouux ucno72aeMbLx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
IIOA3eMHa5i ra3llcpHKalHi npeACTaBJI5ieT co6ofi OAHY H3 pa3-
HOBHAHOCTefI ra3HCJHKauHH - CJIO}KHOrO cpH3HK0-XHMHTIeCKOI'O npO-
uecca. Heo6xoAHMo yKa3aTb, TITO ropexxe H ra3Hq)HKaamo
TBepAOrO TOHJIHBa CJieAyeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK e.LWHbIcI Hepa3pblB-
Hblfi npouecc C TOTIKH 3peHHSI 06uuHOCTH XHMHTIeCKHX peaKuHH.
.IIpo6JIeMa ropeHHSi TBepAOrO TOfJIHBa eCTb B OCHOBHOM npo6JIeMa
ropeHHSI yr.Iepol(a. XHMHTIeCKHe peaKuHH, npoTexaloluHe npH ro-
peHHH H ra3HCHHKauHH TBepaoro TOnJIHBa, npHHSITO pa3AeJIHTb Ha
OKHCJIHTeJIbHbie H BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHble.
COBMeCTHOe npOTeKaHHe 3THX peaKUHx, SIBJIHIOMHXCH no Xa-
paKTepy npSIMO npOTHBOnOJIO}KHbIMH, BCKpbIBaIOT CyIuHOCTb HPO-
uecca ropeHHSI H ra3Hc HKaIIHH TBepAorO TonjnHBa B AISHaMHKe H
npeACTaBJIHeT ero .1 BH}KyLuyIO cHJIy. B Haggane KHCJIOpOAHON 30HbI
TJIflBHaH pOJIb npHHaAJIe]KHT OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIM npoueccaM (BbICOKaH
KOHueHTpauIIH KHCJiopoaa). FIociieAHHe BbI3bIBaIOT TegeHHe BOC-
CTaHOBHTeJIbHbIX npoueCCOB, TaK KaK OHH AaIOT AJIH HHX Heo6XOAH-
Mble IICXOAHble npOAyKTbI peaKlHfI H TefJlO.
B noc.ieAHefi CTaAHH npouecca ropeHHSI, KOrAa KOHueHTpauHH
KHCJIopoJLa CTaHOBHTCSI He3HaTIHTeJIbHOfI, a KOHueHTpauHSI npoJyK-
TOB cropaHHH - 60JIbWOA H peariipyiomHe BeIueCTBa HarpeTbi AO
BbICOKHX TeMnepaTyp, OCHOBHyx) pOJIb B ropeHHH H ra3H(4HKauHH
HrpaioT BOCCTaHOBHTe.IbHble npoueccbi.
CJIO)KHbIf iI }npouecc ropeHHH yrJIepoaa CJIaraeTCn H3 CJIeAyIOHjHX
CTa,aHH: AHC1Jcpy3HH KHCJiOpOAa K yrJlepOAHoH nOBepXHOCTH ->
JH3HTIeCKOfI aacop6UHH KHcJIopoaa yrJlepoAHofl riOBepXHOCTbIO ->
XHMHTIeCKOH aACop6uHH KHcJIopoAa yrJlepOAHofI HOBepXHOCTbIO
(o6pa3oBaHHe npoMexcyTOTIHOro yrJiepoao-KHCJIOpOAHOrO xoMnJleK-
ca) --i- pa3JIO)K HHSI KOMnJIeKCa-> Aecop6uHH npOAyKTOB peaKuHH -->
-+AH4M y3HH npOAyKTOB peaKuHH B ra30BbIf4 06'beM.
Oco6eHHOCTH rOpHo-reoJTorHTIeCKHX yCJIOBHII 3aJleraHH51 yrOJlb-
HbIX nJIaCTOB H 4 H3HKO-XHMHTIeCKHe CBOfICTBa ropiOTIHX HCKonae-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MbIX nPH HOJ13eMHOII ra3H()HKaUHH yrJieil BbI3bIBaIOT KaHaJIbHIAI
xOJj npouecca, KOTOpbI1I HeBO3MO)KHO npe,r oTBpaTHTb BHeILTHHM
MexaHHgeCKHM BMeHIaTeJIbCTBOM.
HO CBOeMy xapaKTepy Hpouecc pearxpoBaHHF B xanaiie cJie-
JIyeT OTHeCTH K HOJIyo6paujeHHOMy Hpoueccy ra3Hq)HKaIHH. HaH-
60J1ee 6JIH3KO K nOJj3eMHOII ra3H#KauHH HpH6JIH}KaeTCH nonepeq
HO-TOgHbIII Hpouecc B HeKOTOPbIX TpaHcnOpTHbIX ra3orenepaTOpax.
B OTJIHLIHe OT ra3HIpHKaIIHH CJIOH TOHJIHBa B Ha3eMHbIX
r'a3oreHepaTOpax HpH II0Jj3eMH01I ra3HIpHKauHH yrJre i fOSHBJIHeTCSI
pHJj HOBbIX HpHHuHHHaJibHbIX oco6eHHOCTeII:
1) OTCyTCTByeT JjBH}KeHHe TOHJIHBa; BblropaHHe yrOJIbHOrO
HJIaCTa HpOHCXOJjHT B pe3yJlbTaTe HepeMeH eHHH oTlara ropeHHSI,
BMeCTe 'C KOTOPbIM HPOCTpaHCTBeHHO nepeMeLgalOTCH 3OHbI HOJj3eM-
HOrO ra3oreHepaTOpa.
2) OTCYTCTByIOT ra30HerpOHHuaeMbie CTeHKH. PeaKUHOHHb1Ii
KaHaJI HenocpeJICTBeHHo rpaHHLIHT C 3anacaMH yrnlx, noJ .ile}KaMHM1I
ra3H(lHKauHH; BCJIe,L CTBHe 3TOT0 yrOJIb M0)KeT Ho,l BepraTbCSI pa3-
JIHLIHOTO BHJIa TepMHgeCKOII o6pa60TKe Ha onpeJ1eJieHHyIo rJIy6HHy.
3) B HOJj3eMHbIII ra3oreHepaTOp MOryT HpOHHKaTb rpyHTOBble
BOJIbI.
4) PeaKUHOHHbIH KaHaji ConpHKacaeTc5l C MHHepaJlbHbrMH nO-
poaaMH (KpoBJIH H naTIKH HJIB'CTa, HpOHJIaCTKH rIOpQJjbI, 3OJia n
IluiaKH).
5) PaCCTOSIHHSI Me%Jjy CKBa3KHHBMH HO yrJIIO BO MHOrO pas
npeBbIIHaIOT Heo6XOJIHMyIO JLJIHHy peaKuHOHHbIX 30H.
HpH noJiyo6paweHHOM ripouecce B HOJj3eMHOM ra3oreHepaTOpe
rIOCTynJIeHHe BOJIHHbIX napoB H JIeTygHX BeLueCTB npOHCXOJjHT BO
BCe peaKIIHOHHbie 30HbI. HO gJIHHe peaKUHOHHoro KaHaJia pa3Me-
LuaJoTCSI TPH OCHOBHble 3OHbI: 3oHa OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX peaKlHII, 30Ha
BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHbIX peaKLHII H 30Ha KOHBepCHH.
nepneHjuiKyJISIpHO K jBH}KeHHio ra30Boro HOTOKa paCHOJlaraeT-
CSI 30Ha HOJJFOTOBKH TOHJIHBa. OCO6e'HHOCTbIO JIHHaMHKH ra3006-
pa30BaHHH B HOJ13eMHOM ra3oreHepaTOpe ABJIHeTCSI pa3BHTHe 06'b-
eMHbIX,peaKLH1I ropeHHH 'H reTeporeHHbIX KaTaJIHTHLIeCKHX peaKunll
KOHBOpCHH OKHCH yrJieporia H J1eTytlHX BeujeCTB (B OCHOBHOM Me-
TaHa) BO,g$IHbIMH HapaMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
RJIACCn(I 1H AIIHH I{AMEHHbIX YTJIEH
HO CI{JIOHHOCTH R OIilICJIEHHIO H CAMOB03I'OPAHHIO
B. D. Opemxo
(MOC7#06C7Cui6 T82MOAoewiCC7CLGa UUCTUTYT nuufeeoa fpO.MbULLABKUOCTU)
Ha BcecOI03HOM cOBeal.aHHH no XHMHH H rexe3Hcy TBepAblx
TOHJIHB B HHBape 1951 r. aBTOpOM 6bIJIH pa3BHTbI npeJ cTaBJIeHHH
O KOJIJIOH1 HO-XHMHtleCKOH CTpyKType HCKOnaeMblx yrJIeH H fOKa3a-
HO ee BJIHHHHe Ha CKJIOHHOCTb yriieH K OKHCJIeHHIO H CaMOBO3rOpa-
HHIO.
B pa3BHTHe 9THX npeACTaBJIeHHH, B pe3yJlbTaTe HCCJIe,LOBaHHH
6oJlbUJorO KOJIHtIeCTBa AOHeUKHX H Ky3He1,KHX yrJlei aBTOpy yAa-
JIOCb rIOJIytIHTb ,L aHHble, 06'beKTHBHO XapaKTepH3yloaule CKJIOHHOCTb
yrJieH K OKHCJIeHH1O H caMOB03rOpaHHIO.
AHaJIH3 MHIIeJIJI$IPHOH CTpyKTypbI HCKOnaeMblX yrJleii npHBOAHT
K 3aKJIK)tieHH1O, qTO OKHCJIeHHe yrJISI KHCJIOpO,i[OM B03JIyXa npo-
HCXOJ HT BYTeM B3aHMOAeHCTBHH ero c peaKIIHOHHO-cnoco6HbIMH
rpynnaMH JIHO(pHJIbHOH HeynopHAotleHHOH tiaCTH yrJIH H o6yrJlepo-
}KeHHOH t4aCTb1O - nceBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaMH yFOJIbHbIX MHueJIJI C
06pa3OBaHHeM HH3KOTeMnepaTypHbIX H BbICOKOTeMnepaTypHbIX
KOMfJIeKCOB. O6pa3oBaHHe o60HX BHAOB KOMHJIeKCOB aOKa3aHo
.aBTOPOM 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHO. HHTeHCHBHOCTb 06pa3OBaHH51 Ka)Kao-
rO BH,na KOMnJIeKCOB 3aBHCHT, BO-nepBblX, OT COOTHOHIeHHSI JIHO-
?(pHJIbHOI1 H o6yrJlepOHteHHOH tiaCTei MH1J JIJI H, BO-BTOpbIX, OT HX
rIPHPOJLbI - KOJIHtIeCTBa peaKIIHOHHbIX rpynn B JIHO()HJIbHOH tiaCTH
MHIIeJIJI (HH3KOTeMnepaTypHble KOMnJIeKCbI) H CTeneHH ynopHAO-
tieHHOCTH reKCarOHaJIbHbIX CeTOK B nCeBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaX MHIIeJIJI
,(BbICOKOTeMnepaTypHble KOMHJIeKCbI).
0 COCTaBe H KOJIHtIeCTBe JIHO(pHJIbHOH qaCTH MHH,eJIJI CYAHT no
BbIXOAy H COCT8By HpOJ YKTOB HH3KOTeMnepaTypHOI'O TepMHtIeCKoro
pa3JIO)KeHH5I, a 0 CTeneHH ynop.9,gotieHHOCTH reKCarOHaJIbHbIX CeTOK
B nCeBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaX - no TepMHLIeCKOH yCTOHtlHBOCTH BbICOKO-
TeMnepaTypHbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, TeMnepaTypa pa3pyiueHH5I KOTOpbIX
To}K eCTBeHHa TeMnepaType B03rOpaHHH ,IIaHHOrO yrJI.9.
KJIaCCH(pHKauHH yrJiei NO CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIeHHIO ocyiue-
CTBJIAeTCSI no KOJIHtIeCTBy H COCTflBY npO,aYKTOB HH3KOTeMnepaTyp-
Horo pa3JIo?KeH 5i yrJIR, onpe,lleJISIeMbIx no McTOAy, npeA.no>KeHHO-
61
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
My H onHCaHHOMy aBTOpOM. flpH 3TOM Bce yrJIH B TpeyrOJIbHHKe
FH66Ca: CMOJIa - nOJIyKOKC - BOJja + ra3, pacnoJlaraIOTCH B BHAe
HOJIOCbI, B npe,geJlax KOTOpOIi COCT2B npo yKTOB TepMHTrecxoro
pa3JIo>KeHHH Ka)K4Oro yrJIH npeJjCTaBJIeH TOLIKOIi Ha rIJIOCKOCTII.
J.IJISI npaKTHgeCKHX ueJieli Bce yrJIH MOryT 6bITb pa3JjeJieHbl Ha tie-
TbIpe KJIaCCa, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HX rIOJI03KeHH3I Ha JjHarpaMMe,
onpeJZeJTSnoujeM COCTaB JIHO(1)HJIbHOIi TiaCTH MHueJIJI, a cJleJwBa-
TeJIbHO, CTeneHb HX CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIeHHIO.
CKJIOHHOCTb yrJISI K caMOB03ropaHHK) 3aBHCHT OT er0 CnOCO6HO
CTH K OKHCJIeHHIO, onpegeJJHlouuef TaK}Ke CKJIOHHOCTb yrJISI K caMo-
HarpeBaHHlo, H OT TepMHge0KOI3 yCTOi1LIHBOCTH BbICOKOTeMnepaTyp-
HbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, T. e. OT BeJIHTIHHbl TeMnepaTypbl B03ropaHH51,
XapaKTepH3yloujeti BO3rOpaHHe yrJISI H nepexo,u B CTH,L HIO ropeHHH.
IIpH HopMaJIbHOM pa3BHTHH n'poi eCCOB McTaMop(pn3Ma HJjeH-
THT4HOCTH yrJleo6pa3oBaTeJIeii H T. H. npouecc o6yrJlepo)KnBaHHa
yriix aoji>KeH npHBOAHTb K 3aKOHOMepHOMy H3MeHeHHIO 000THOIIIe-
HH5I JIHO(1HJIbHOii gaCTH MHueJIJI H nceBJ oKpHCTaJIJIHTOB H 3aKOHO-
MepHOMy H3MeHeHHIO HX CBOIICTB. B 3TOM CJIyLIae KJIBCCbI yrJieii no
CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIeHHIO JjOJI}KHbI 6bITb TO)KJjeCTBeHHbI K.naCCaM
NO CKJIOHHOCTH K caMOB03rOpaHHIO. BcIKoro poaa OTKJIOHeHHSI OT
yCJIOBHI4 npouecca o6yrJlepo)KHBaHHH yrJIH, KoJIe6aHHH B cOCTaae
yrJieo6pa3OBaTeJIeIi, YCJIOBHIi CpeKbi H T. A. MoryT H3MeHHTb XapaK-
Tep, HHTeHCHBHOCTb H Jjaxce HanpaBJieHHe Ba}KHeiili1Hx npoueCCOa,
upOTeKaioHjHx ripH o6yrJlepoxcHBaHHH yrJIH, HapyHlau 3aKOHoMep-
Hbre COOTHOHIeHHH COCTaBa H CBOiiCTB JIHO(IJHJIbHOcI H o6yrJIepo)KeH
HOII LIaCTeii yrOJIbHbIX MHueJIJi, XapaKTepHble KJi5i KaHHoro McCTO-
poxcJjeHHx. B pe3yJlbTaTe yrJIH MoryT HMeTb 6oJiee HH3KyI0 HJIH
6o,nee BbICOKy!O TeMnepaTypy Bo3ropaHH5I, He COOTBeTCTByK)ujyfo
KoJIH4ecTBy H COCTaBy HX JIHO(JHJIbHOIi 'lacTH. B riepaoM cniyqae
yrJIH o6Hapy}KaT 66JIbIIlyIO CKJIOHHOCTb K CaMOBO3rOpaHHIO, BO
BTOpOM cJiyqae - McHbnly!o. IZOCTpOHB HopMaJIbHoe, HaH6ojlee
Bepo5ITHoe, pacnpeueJleHHe TeMnepaTyp B031-0paHHH B npeKjeJlax
KHarpaMMbI, XapaKTepH3yiomel-i COCTMB JIH4HJIbHOii xiacTH yrJISI,
onpeKeJlRloujero CKJIOHHOCTb er0 K OKHCJIeHHIO, MO}KHO KJIaccH()H?
IHpOBaTb yrJIH rIO CKJIOHHOCTH H caMOB03rOpaHrHIO.
ICCJIeKoBaHHe aOHeUKHX yr.PeI3 IIOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO y 66% HCCJIe-
KOBaHHbIX yrJieii KJIacCbI no CKJIOHHOCTH 'K OKHCJIeHHIO H CaMOB03rO-?
paHHIO COBnaKalOT; 34% JgOHeIKHX yrJleli n0 CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIe-
HHIO H CaMOBO3rOpaHHIO aOJI)KHbi 6bITb OTHeCeHbI K pa3HbIM KJIac-
caM. Pe3yJIbTaTbl KJIaCCH(~HKafHH yrJieii no CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIe-
HHIO H CaMOB03ropaHHK) 6bIJIH ConOCTaBJIeHbI C OnbITHbJMH aaH-
HbIMH, noJIyTIeHHbIMH MaI(HIAI4, H nOKa3aJIH BeCbMa xopoiuee
cor.nacne, a B psiJje c.nyxiaeB T103BOJIHJIH 06,bHCHHTb aHOMaJlbHOe
noneJjeHHe yr.leii, o6Hapy}KHBaiorgHx rioBbIII1 HHy}O CKJIOHHOCTb K
caMOHarpeaaHHl0, HO He CaMOBO3ropaIOigHXC5i.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O HPOIIECCE rA300BPA30BAHH}I
HPH rA3H4)H AIAI4l TBEPRbIX TOHJIYIB
HOR BbICOKHM AABJIEHHEM
B. C. AnbTmynep, r. A. IIia(4Hp
(Hxcruryr aopio~iux ucrconaeXbIx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
HecMOTp5I Ha HpoMbIHIJIeHHoe ocyu eCTBJIeHHe ra3Ht4HKauFH noA
AaBJIeHHeM, OCHOBbI 3TOt0 Hpouecca H3y4eHbI HeAOCTaTOLIHO. B CBR-
311 C 3THM B HI'H AH CCCP HPOBOJRTCH 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHble H
TeOpeTHLIeCKHe HccJIeJ[OBaHHH IIpouecca ra3oo6pa3OBaHHR HOA
AaBJieHHeM AO 100 ark.
HaMH npHBOARTCR HeKOTOpble pe3yJIbTaTbI 3THX HcCJIe,gOBaHHH,
nOCB InLeHHble 113yLIeHHIO McXBHH3Ma ra3006pa3OBaHHH HpH nOJIy-
LIeHHH IOpOACKO[O H TeXHOJIorHgeCKOrO ra30B.
Fa3, nOJIy4eHHbII-I npH ra3Hq)HKauHH TOUJIHB TOA BbICOKHM
AaBJIeHHeM, XapaKTepH3yeTCH nOBbIIneHHbIM COJjep}KaHHeM ra30-
06pa3HbIX yrJIeBO1(OpOAOB, npeHMymeCTBeHHO McTaHa.
PacnpOCTpaHeHHoe B HaCTORn.ee BpeMR o6-bHCHeHHe 3TOr0
(paKTa CBOAHTCR K TOMy, qTO HCTOLIHHKOM 3THX yr.neBOAopOAOB
RBJIRK)TCH peaKUHH CHHTe3a, npOTeKBHHe KOTOpbIX C pOCTOM AaBJIe-
HHSI yCKOpHeTCH. TepMOAHHaMHLIeCKH 3T0 BHOJIHe o60CHOBaHHO, LITO
nOATBep)KAaeTCR pe3yJIbTaTaMH CneUHaJIbHbIX TepMOAHHaMHLIeCKHX
Hcc.IeAOBaHH1, B TOM LIHCJIe H HauIHX, BbInOJIHeHHbIX Aim AaBJIeHHII
Ao 300 ant H pa3HbIX COCTaBOB AYTbH (napoBOe, HapOKHCJIOpoAHOe,
napOBO3AyIUHOe, BoAopoAHoe). OAHaKO Ham 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHble
HCcJIeAOBaHHR noKa3aJIH HenOJIHOTy H HeAOCTaTOLIHOCTb npHBeAeH-
HOIO 06'b5TCHeHHH.
C H3MeHeHHeM aaBJIeHHR MeH IeTC I pOJIb npouecca TepMHLIeCKO-
ro pa3JIO)KeHH5i npH ra3H(pHKaUHH HaTypaJlbHbIX TOHJIHB, LITO
o6ycnoB.neHo H3MeHeHHeM TpeX OCHOBHbIX 4)aKTOpOB: CO6CTBeHHO
AaBJIeHHR, BpeMeHH npe6bIBaHHSI npoAyKTOB B annapaTe H COCTaBa
ra30BOA cpeJIbI. COBMeCTHOe Ae 1CTBHe yKa3aHHbIX (paKTOpOB rlpH-
BOAHT K TOMy, LITO npH ra3H'(~HKauHH nOA AaBJIeHHeM Ha6JIK)AaIOTCR
pOCT BbIXOAa H TenJIOTBOpHOCTH ra3a, yBeJIHLIeHHe JIerKHX q)paKUHN
B cMOJIe npH npaKTHLIeCKOM nOCTO IHCTBe ee BbIxoaa H HeKOTOpoe
yMeHbIHeHHe BbIXOAa nOJIyKOKca. C pOCTOM AaBJIeHHR yBeJIHLIHBaeT-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CH AOJIH nOTeHuHajIbxoro TenJla, nepeXOAHIuero B ra3 B 3OHe noJIy-
KOKCOBaHHH.
DKCnepHMeHTaJIbHo 6bIJIH H3y'ieHbl TaK}Ke peaKUHH CHHTe3a
McTaHa, B03M0}KHble B VCJIOBHHX ra3HCJHKauHH HOA BbICOKHM gaBJie-
HHeM. BbIJI yCTaHOBJIeH CpaKT 3HaLIHTeJIbHOFO o6pa3OBaHH51 meTaHa
nyTeM npHMOrO rHApHpOBaHHH yrJiepoAa HpII BbICOKHX TeMnepaTy-
pax H z aBJIeHHHX, OTKpbIBaK)HHI3 HOBble B03MO}KHOCTH HCHOJIb3oBa-
HHH BbICOKHX AaBJIeHHl3 B ra3oreHepaTOpHoI3 TeXHHKe.
flpOBeAeHO 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHOe nccJIeAOBaHHe BJIHHHHH AaBJie-
HHH Ha npouecc ra30o6pa3oBaHHH B KHCJIOpOAHOIi 30He, noKa3aB-
IHee HeH3MeHHOCTb 3AeCb McXaHH3Ma npouecca H pOCT KOJIHLIeCTBa
nOTpe6JIHeMOro KHCJiopoaa C yBeJIHLIeHHeM AaBJIeHHH.
I'ICCJIeAOBaHHH no f0Jly'ieHHIO H0A AaBJIeHHeM ra3a, npHrOAHOrO
AJIH XHMHgeCKHX CHHTe3OB, MbI npOBOAHJIH B HanpaBJIeHHH BbIHBJIe-
HHH YCJI0BH13 MHHHMaJIbHOrO o6pa3oBaHHH meTaHa npH 3aAaHHOM
COOTHolueHHII OKHCH yrJiepoAa H BOAOpoAa.
OnbITaMH nOKa3aHa BO3MO}KHOCTb noJlygeHHH noA AaBJIeHHeM
ra3a c Heo6xoAHMbIM COOTHOHIeHHeM B HeM aKTHBHbIX KOMnOHeH-
TOB. aJIH Ka)KAOP0 He06XoAHMoro AaBJIeHHH H 3aaaHHOro 000THO-
HIeHHH aKTHBHbIX KOMHOHeHTOB Tpe6yeTC51 CBOH OnTHMaJIbHbII3 CO-
CTaB AyTbH.
PaAHKaJIbHbIM McT0A0M B03AeIiCTBH51 Ha o6pa30BaHHe meTaHa
B yCJIOBHHX ra3Hq)HKaIIHH TOHJIHB noA AaBJIeHHeM HBJIHeTCH H3Me-
HeHHe COCTaBa ra30BOR CMecH, n0CTynai0IgeIf B 30Hy BOCcTaHOBH-
TeJIbHbIX peaKUH11.
I'IccJleAOBaHHe ycJIOBHI3, cnoco6CTByIOnLHx npOTexaHH1O peaKUHH
KOHBepcHH McTana, y}Ke o6pa3oBaBIHerocf npH ra3HC1HKauHH TBep-
AbIX TOnJIHB rIOA BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM, fOKa3aJIo MaJiyio 34CpeKTHB-
HOCTb HCnOJIb3oBaHHH 3TOI3 peaKuHH B HPHCyTCTBHH yrJIH AJISI CHH-
?KeHHH coAep}KaHHH meTaHa B ra3e.
I'I3y,IeHHH npOTeKaHHH peaKIHH CH4 + H2O B npHCyrCTBHH
He)3TpaJIbHOIi HacaAKH nOKa3ajiO BO3MO}KHOCTb aOCTH>KeHHH npaK-
THYeCKH HOJIHOII KOHBepCHH meTaHa rIOJI. BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM npH
TeMnepaTypax nopu xa 1100', npH4eM KOHUeHTpaIIHH McTaHa B
HCXOAHOM ra3e He BJIHHeT Ha CKOpOCTb npouecca.
PeryJJHpoBaHHe coAep}KaHHH meTaHa B ra3e, noJlyliaeMoM npH
ra3H4)HKarHH TOHJIHB n0A AaBJIeHHeM, ueJlecoo6pa3Ho ocylge-
CTBJIHTb B OTAeJIbHOM annapaTe c HeIiTpaJlbHOII HaCaAKOR, LLTO
XOpOnlo yB513bIBaeTC5i C OCHOBHbIM TeXHOJIOrHtieCKHM npOueCCOM H
11O3BOJI5ieT nOBbICHTb 3Cp eKTHBHOCTb Bcero npOH3BOACTBa ra3a.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
K BOHPOCY 0 CHEKAEMOCTH YFJIEII
A. A.Pyc11 en
(Xu.x.uno-rex7to.4oeu'Lecxuu uucruryr, Cof IR, 13oa'apun)
B HanpaBJIefIHH yCTaHOBJIeHHH CyIII,HDCTH CneKaHHS1 H 06pa3o-
BaxHH KOKCa pa60TaJIH MHorne HCCJIe,i[OBaTeJIH. T1pH 9TOM Hay'IHbie
npe,uCTaBJIeHHSI O CaMbIX Ba)KHbIX npoueccax npH cneKaHHH yrJiei
HeOAHOKPBTHO H3MeH5IJIHCb, H B HaCTOSil ee BPeM 1 eiije HeT eAH-
HOrO MHeHH51.
KOKCOBaHHe cMecel H3 TOIIZHX c ia6o cneKalon1HxcHi yrJIeIi B
annapaTe CaHO}KHHKOBa n03BOJIHJIO HaM fOJIyTIHTb aaHHble o Xa-
paKTepe CneKaeMOCTII yrJIef. OnbITbl 6bIJIH npOBeaeHbI C yrJISIMH
BaJIKaHCKoro 6aCCe1IHa py,t1.HHKa , KOTOpble HaXOASITCH
Ha rpaHIlge Me}KAy HG H T yr.nei H HMe1OT CJIeAyiomi4e nOKa3a-
TeJIH: BJiara - Wa = 1,13%; 3o.na -Aa = 7,43%; .neTyT4He Be-
IuecTBa Va = 15,14 %; ceps - Sao 1,90 %; nJIaCTOMerpH4eCKHe
napaMeTpbl - X = 19, Y = 4.
f.IacTOMeTpH4eCKaH KPHBaHi HCXOAHbIX yrJIeM HJIBBHO cHHSKaeT-
c i, OCTaTOK nocJIe KOKCOBaHHH IIpeACTaBJIHeT c Tia6o CJIHHIHHIICSI
nopoIHOK. Ka~IeCTBeHHble HOKa3aTeJIH HCnOJIb3yeMbIX BH,LOB AerTH
AaHbI B Ta6.'IIIue.
KOKCOBbIIII ra3
KaMeuBblx yrneti
ra3orexeparopl11fl
113 Oypble yrneA
YgeJlbnbdl Bec np1 20? . . . . . . . . .
1,16
1,02
BSI3KOCTb no 9Hr.nepy, 50? . . . . . . .
13,8
1i 9
TeMnepaTypa 3aCTblBanim, ?C . . . . . .
-4
+25
KOKC no KonpaACOny, % . . . . . . . .
8,4
3,1
3ona, uo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0,16
0,11
TeMnepaTypa BcnbIWKH no Mapxycony, ?C
106
120
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ByMaxcHble XpoMaTorpaMMbl 3THX BHAOB AerTH fOKa3bIBaloT,
TO KOKCOBbIIi AerOTb COCTOHT H'3 CHAHiKareJleBbix CIMOJI, aCfpaJlb-
Te'HOBbIX H Kap60IIAOBbIX BeujeCTB, a reHepaTOpHbIIi AerOTb - npe-
HMyHjeCTBeHHO H3 neTpojieHOBbIX H KeporeHOBbIX BelI(eCTB.
BbIJIO IPOBe2jeHO KOKCOBaHHe HCXO1[HbIX yrJIef c A06aBJIeHHeM
15% KOKCOBOrO AerTH H ra3oreHepaTOpHoro AerTH H3 6ypblx yrileti.
rlpH Ao6aBJieHHH 15% KOKCOBOro AerTB noJiyvaeTCH 60JIbIuoe yBe-
ameHHe nJIacTHqecKoro CJIOH (y = 23), a rIJIacTOMeTpHtleCKaH
KpHBa5 COBepLueHHO H3MeHHeTC5I, KpyTO nOAHHMaHCb 60JIblIHMH
3Hr3araMH. KOKCOBbIIi OCTaTOK xopoino cnJIaBJIeH, TpenjHHOBaTbIII,
HMeeT BbICOKyIO 6axpoMy, CBeTJIO-cepbll3 IiBeT, 6JIeCTHHjHII. B 3TOM
cjiytiae Ha6JIIOAaeTCH xopomee pacraopei-iHe H AecneprxpOBaHHe
yrJIH B 6JIH3KOM HO XapaKTepy H npoHcxo}KAeHHIO KOKCOBOM AerTe,
B COCTaBe KOTOpOI'O HaXOAHTCB CMeCb CHJIHKareJleBbIX CMOJI,
ac4 aJIbTeHOB, KeporeHOB H Kap6oIiAOB.
rIpH Ro6aBzeHH'H 15% ra3oreHepaTOpHOro 1TerTH nJla'CTH-
tieCKHii CJIOi3 eJie yJIaBJIHBaeTCH (y^-2), a njiacTOMeTpHtlecxac
KPHBaH HenpepblBHO H paBHOMepHO naAaeT. OCTaTOK nocrie KOKCO-
BaHHH, xopouio criji JIeHHbTII, MaJIOTpemHHOBaTbIII, C BbICOKOII tia-
CTHtiHO BbWAeJIHlonjel3CH 6axpoMOH, HMeeT cepbIH TBeT, nOJIy6JIeCTH-
H(HIi. OTCyTCTBHe HPKO BbIpa}KeHHOro nJIaCTOMeTpHtieCKoro CJIOH
npH Ao6aBJIeHHH ra30reHepaTOpHoro AerTH yKa3bIB?aeT, WO yrOJlb
niioxo paCTBopseTCH H AHCneprHpyeTCH B pa3JIHtiHOM nO npOHCXO}K-
AeHHK) 6ypoyrOJlbnoM ra3orenepaTOpxoM AerTe, KOTOPbIfI COCTaB-
JIeH B OCHOBHOM H3 neTpOJIeHOB H KeporeHOB.
B nepBOM c. iytlae - npH Ao6aBJIeHHH KOKCOBOro AerTH - o6pa-
30BaHHe KOKCa npoHCxoAHT nociie pacTBOpeHHH yrJI% H nepexoAa
B njiacTHtiecxoe cocTOSIHHe. Bo BTOPOM cJlytiae He HMeIOT MecTa
pacTBopeHHe yrJiH H nepexoA er0 B njiaCTHtlecxoe COCTOHHHe, a
KOKCOO6pa3.OBaHHe npoHCxoAHT B OCHOBHOM 6.naroliapH IZeMeHTa-
IjHOHHOMy AeIICTBHK) ra3oreHepalopHoro AerTH, H3 KOTOpOTO no-
JlytiaeTCSI CMOJIHHOH KOKC, cKJIeHBaIOnUHIi KOKCOBble tiaCTHIjbI. Ta-
KHM o6pa3OM, RO}KHO C'IHTaTb aOKa3aHHbIM, 4TO HPH o6pa3oBaHHH
KOKCa HMeeT McCTO KaK paCTBopeHHe H AHcneprnposaHHe yrJIH,
TaK H UCMeHTHpoBaHHe KOKCOBbIX tiaCTHII.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O KATAJIIT1ILIECI{OM gE1 CTBHH
PA3JIWIHbIX BEIAECTB IIPH HHPOJIH3E
CJIO?KHbIX OPPAIHigECKIIX BEHAECTB
(KAMEHHbIX YI'JIE1I)
A. C.Bpyic, 3. A.BonxoBa, F. II. re NA,
P. E. JIeA60B-H4
(J(xenponerpoecxuu aceTa.zAypeu iecmua urccruryr u.ni. H. B. Crahuna)
r1p4i npoBeaeHHH KOMnJlexca pa60T nO BbIRCHeHHIO ,z eHCTBHH
pa3JIHYHbIX BeiuecTB, .zw6aBJIneMbIX K yrJHO in npouecca nxpo-
JIH3a (KOKCOBaHHH), HaMH 6bIJIa cnpoeKTHpoBaxa H coopyxceHa
cneuHaJlbHan YKpynHeHHaH JIa6opaTOpHan yCTaHOBKa, nO3BOJIHIO-
iuaH oCytu CTBJIHTb npouecc nHpoJIH3a ,no 5 Ka yr.nn c aBTOMaTH-
4eCKHM peryJIHpoBaHHeM TeMnepaTYPHOrO pe)KMMa H nOJIHbIM
yJIaBJIHBaHHeM H HCCJIeAOBaHHeM JICTytiHX npO,uyKTOB.
B nepaoK cepHH OnbITOB 6bIJI npIIHHT XHMH4eCKH aKTHBHbIi3
KaMeHHbIII yrOJib MaPKH lam, nony4aeMbllt Ha Jj06pOnoJIbCKOA UO(P
B aOH6acce. XapaKTepHCTHKa yrjin (B %) : BblXO,ij JIeTy4HX Be-
nzeCTB Ha roplotiylo Maccy 35, co,uep>KaHHe 3OJIbI 61,8, cepbi o6tuef
Ha cyxyio Maccy 1,27, KHcJIopoAa Ha ropio4yio Maccy 6,7.H a3o-
Ta 1,93. 9TOT yroJib 4aCTH4HO cnexaeTCn: TOJIILLHHa nJIaCTH4ecxoro
CJIOH 11 Aim H n.IacToMeTpH4ecxan ycaAKa 34 Am. ra30BbIrl yroJib
npHHHT AJIH HCCJIe,I;OBaHHI3 nOTOMy, 4To ero npHMeHeHHe HMeeT
B HaCTOHIuee BpeMn HaH6o.nbmee npoMbIm.neHHOe 3Ha4eHHe.
4HCTb16
yr0ab
MapKH r
BCJIH4HHa J{o6aBKH KMnO. K
yrn,o, %
0,002 1 0,02 I 0,2
BblxoA cblporo 6eH3ona, % . . . .
1,56
1,53
1,36
0,12
BbrxoA KaMeHHOyronbHoi CMOJBI, %
6,73
6,60
6,30
6,20
Bb4xo nHporeHeTH9ecxoli Bnam, %
5,33
5,33
5,39
5,67
BbixoA KoKCOBOro ra3a, A/Kt . . .
315
311
296
291
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B KaqecTBe OAHOrO H3 BeIueCTB, ,T o6aBJIeHHbIX K yrJno, 6bIJl aK-
THBHbIFi OKHCJIHTeJIb - nepMaiiraiiaT KaJIHH. He3HagHTeJIbHaH no
KOJIHT1eCTBy ao6aBKa nepMaHraHaTa KaJIHH Aaiia CJIeAyiolu,He H3-
McHeHH51 BbIXOJja OCHOBHbIX npOAyKTOB rlHpOJIH3a:
flo, BJIHHHHeM ao6aBKH nepMaHraHaTa KaJIHH H3MeHHJIHCb Ka-
YeCTBeHHbIIi COCTaB ra30BOI3 4 a3bl H cneKaeMOCTb yrJi i. fIpH onpc-
AeJIeHHH cneKaeMOCTH yrim no McTOAy HI'H AH CCCP HCXOAHbIN
yroJlb HOKa3aJI 14,7 eAHHHUbI, npH JIo6aBKe 0,005% KMnO4 AO-
Mir 16 eAHHHu, a npH AaJIbHefHIeM yBeJIHHeHHH A06aBKH 9TOT n0-
Ka3aTeJIb pe3Ko naiiaJi H I1PHBOAHJI B KOHeT3HOM CTieTe K HOLITH noJl-
IiOI%I nOTepe cneKaeMOCTII.
,06aBKa K yrJJ}O {ppaKLWH aHTpaileflOBoro MaCJIa, KHHHIIjCN B
npeAeoax 350-380?, Jla.la CJIeAyioLUHe pe3yJlbTaTbT:
BbIXOA KOKCa, % . . . . . . . .
Bbixo CMOJIbI, % . . . . . .
BbixoA cbiporo 6eH3o.na, % . . . .
BbrxoA KoKCOBoro rasa, AlKe . . .
T4HCTbIII YrOJib
MaPKH F
Be mica ro6a6KIi (PpaKoiiii
aIITpaqeIoaoro Macna, %
71,0
6,73
1,56
315
71,9
9,3
1,57
276
72,0
9,6
1,58
246
3Ha'-IHTeJIbnO yBeJIHLIHJIOCb coaep}KaHHe BO)1OpojIa B ra3e
(c 55 Ao 63%) H CHH3HJIOCb co, epx{aHHe McTana (c 29 Ao 20%).
HCCJIeAOBaHHH noxa3aJIH, TITO A06aBKa K ?)paKIHH aHTpaueHo-
BOPO MaCJia BeCbMa He60JlbUIHX KOJIHT-IeCTB A1203, CaO, AiC13,
CaC12, COJIbI H ApyFHX BeLUeCTB no-pa3HOMy H3MeHHeT HOKa3aTeJiii
CHeKaeMOCTH H BbIXOA OCHOBHbIX npOAyKTOB nHpOJIH3a.
H3MeHeHHe CneKaeMOCTH yrim npH pa3JIH4HbIX Ao6aBKaX 3a-
BIICIIT TaKxKe OT npHpOAbI yr.IH: B 6oJIbHIei3 Mepe CneKaeMOCTb
yBeJIHT-IHBaeTCH y x{HpHbIX H KOKCOBbIX yriier3 (I-Ia 15-19 e,T uHHr)
H He3Ha'-IHTeJIbHO - y ra30BbIX (npHMepHO iia 2-3 CJjHHHLIbI).
3Aecb HBHO OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHI1e AenoJIHMepII3yioLuee AeiiCTBHe
4)paKUHH allTpaueHOBoro MacJla BO B'peMH Iiaxo}KieHHH yrJiSi B
nJI1CTHYeCKOM COCTOHHHH.
,To6aBKa McTaJIJIH4eCKOrO x{eJle3a K yrJIIO B npeAeJTax 10%
npaKTHTleCKH He CHHx{aeT cneKaeMOCTH; Ao6aBKa Aa)Ke He60JIb1IHX
KOJIHT1eCTB (1-3%) Fe304 CHHN{aeT cneKaeMOCTb Ha 4 e,rHHHUbI,
a Fe203 - Aax{e Ha 6 e,rHHL T. e. HOT1TH BABOe HpOTHB HCXOJIHOro.
1-1-pH Ao6aBKe K yr.Tiio 5% McTaJIJIHHeCKOro cBex{eBOCCTaHOBJIeH-
HorO 2{e.ie3a npH nHpoJln3e Ta30BbIAeJieHHe yB JIH4HJIOCb Ha 6%,
BbIXOA .CbIporo 6eH3ojIa - Ha 42, BbIXOA KOKCa - Ha 7, a BbIXOA
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CMOJIbI CHH3HJICH Ha 4,7%. FIpH Ao6aBKe Fe203 ra30BbIAeJIeHIIO
yBeJIHtIHJIOCb Ha 9 %, BbIXOA CMOJIbI - Ha 15, CbIpOrO 6eH3oJIa -
Ha 12 H KOKca - Ha 7 %. FIpH AO6aBKe Fe304 ra30BbIAeJIeHHe yBe-
..7HT-IHJIOCb Ha 1,8 %, BbIXOA CMOJIbI - Ha 14, cblporO 6eH3OJla -
Ha 16 H KOKca - Ha 9 %.
FIOJIyzIeHHble AaHHble CBHAeTeJIbCTByIOT 0 BJIHHHHH Ao6aBOK Ha
BbIXOA npOAyKTOB fHpOJIH3a H CBOIICTBa 3THX nPOAyKTOB. CTeneHb
BJIHSIHHH 3aBHCHT OT BOJIHOTbI KOHTaKTa ao6aBJISIeMbIX BeIUeCTB C
'-IaCTHuaMH yrJISI, HOABepralomHMHCx HHpOJIH3y, a TaK)Ke OT IIa-
npaBJIeHHH ra30BbIX HOTOKOB B HacbInHOH Macce yrJIH.
YKa3aHHble HccJIeAOBaHHH rOBOpSIT TaK}Ke 0 TOM, zITO, KPOIC
TeMnepaTypHOrO (paKTOPa H (paKTOpa COCTaBa m IIpHpOAbI yrJleii,
Ha npouecc HHPOJIH3a MO)KHO BJIHSITb C HOMOHI,bIO pa3JIH4HbIX Be-
u eCTB, KaTaJIHTHLIeCKoe aeACTBHe KOTOPbIX BIIOJIHe ogeBHAHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ORFICJIHTEJIbHAH )AECTPYKIUHH HCKOIIAEMbIX YFJIE1R
I{AI{ METO)j IIO3HAHRH HX CTPYKTYPbI
H KJIACCHcbHKAIIHH
T. A.Kyxapeaxo
(HncTUryr aoploKUx uc?onaeasbsx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
B ,rIpOBe2[eHHOM HocJIeAOBaHHH OCHOBHOe BHHMaHHe 6bIJIO o6pa-
LLjeHO Ha ryMHHOBble KHCJIOTbI KaK nepBbre npOJjyKTbl OKHCJIeHHH
KaMeHHbIX yrJieR, paCTBOpHMbre B HjeJIOtLHbIX paCTBOpHTeJIAX. HaH-
JjeHO, 4TO CKOpOCTb o6pa3OBaHHSi, a CJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO, H MaKCHMaJIb-
HbIii BbIXOJj ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT ri H OKHCJIeHHH onpe,2JeJIBIOTC5I
CTaL Heir McTaMopcJH3Ma yFJIH, OT KOTOpOr{ 3aBHCHT CTpyKTypa yrJIA
(yCJIOBHO - ero npoMbIInJIeHHaft MapKa). 06a nOKa3aTeJI5I HBJISr-
IOTCH HaH6oJIbIIIHMH Y HaHMeHee McTaMopcm30BaHHOrO KaMeHHoro
yrJiSI H nOHH)KaIOTCH B pHJjy McTaMop(pa3Ma. OLIHOBpeMeHHO C 06-
pa30BaHHeM ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT Y BbICOKOMeTaMOp()H30BaHHbIX
yr.reI3 OTMetieHO o6pa3oBaHHe B 3HagHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHLIeCTBaX BOJIO-
paCTBOpHMbIX H ra3o06pa3HbIX npOJIyKTOB, CBHJ1eTeJIbCTByK)IUHX
O 3HagHTeJIbHOM pacnajje HX opraHH4ecxoro BeujeCTBa. HeTporpa-
(pH'teCKHH COCTaB OKa3bIBaeT 60JIbuJOe BJIHSIHHe Ha BbIXOJL ryMHHO-
BbIX KHCJIOT H CKOpOCTb HX o6pa3oBaHHr, no9TOMy nccJIeaOBaHHH
npOBOJIHJIHCb Ha BHTpeHOBbIX yrJISIX.
CBOIICTBa o6pa3oBaBIHHXCH HpH OKHCJIeHHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT
TaK}Ke OnpejjeJJ5IIOTCSI CTpyKTypOri yrJISI (ero MapKON). HanpHMep,
OHTHUeCKaR nJIOTHOCTb LLjeJIOIqHbIX paCTBOpOB, paccMaTpHBaeMaH
KaK nOKa3aTeJIb CTeneHH KOHJIeHCHpOBaHHOCTH apoMaTHtieCKHX
5TJjep, oxa3brBaeTcx 6oJiee HH3KOIi Y HaHMeHee McTaMOp(q)H30BaH-
Horo yrJIH H JjaJIee nOBbuuaeTCH HPH nepexoz e K 6o.Iee McTaMop-
4)H30BaHHbIM o6pa3IjaM. fopor KoaryJIHLIHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT
B 9THX )Ke paCTBOpaX, pacCMaTpHBaeMbIH KaK nOKa3aTCJIb gHcnep-
CHOCTH, HMeeT o6paTHyto 3aBHCHMOCTb H yMeHbmnaeTCH HpH nepe-
xoJje K 6o nee McTaMop(i)H3oBaHHbIM 06pa3IjaM.
npe;IBaplTeJIbHOe OYeHb c.ia6oe OKHCJIeHHe yr ieir pe3KO yBe-
JiHgHBaei CKOpOCTb o6pa3oBaHH51 H BbIXO, ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT HpH
OKHCJIeHHH yrJlei nepeKHCbro BOJjOpoJla, HO CBOYICTBa ryMHHOBbIX
KHCJIOT OCTa1OTCSI XapaKTepHbIMH JjJIS1 yrJieci KaxcJ of MapKH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Pa3JIHLIHe B CTpyKType KaMeHHbIX yrJlef npOSIBJIHeTCS1 npH CJia-
6oil NX rHAporeHN3auHH, KorAa HH3KOMeTaMop(IH3oBaHHbie yrJIH
06pa3yIOT npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypaX 3HagHTeJIbHOe KOJIHLIeCTBO
BOAo9KCTparHpyeMblX Beluec-rB 6e3 ra3006pa3OBaHHH; AJIB 3TOTO we
y BbICOKOMeTaMopq)H3oBaHHbIX yrJief Tpe6yeTCH 6oJiee BbICOKaH
TeMnepaTypa H Ha6JIioAaeTC51 3HagHTeJIbHOe ra3006pa3OBaHHe.
To we Ha6JHoAaeTCSI npH rH,i[poJIH3e KaMeHHbIX yrJiei B MSirKH}G
yCJIOBHSIX: KOJIHLIeCTBO o6pa3OBaBLHHxcH ryMNHOBbIX KHCJIOT -
HaH6oJlee BbICOKOe Y HH3KOMeTaMOp(IH3OBaHHbIX yrJleI3 H nOHH-
}KaeTCSi B pSIAy McTaMOp(MH3Ma, npH 3TOM HX CBOHCTBa OCTaIOTCB
XapaKTepHbIMN AJISI yFJISI.
9TH pa3JINLIH51 B CBOHCTBaX HH3KO- H BbICOKOMeTaMOp4jH3oBaH-
HbIX yr ieid HaXOASIT O6,bHCHeHHe B N3yLieHHH POJIH KHCJIOpQILB B
CTPOeHHH HX MOJIeKyJIbl. B COCTaB HH3KOMeTaMOp(mH3oBaHHbIX
yrJiei BXOASIT rHApoJIH3yeMble CB51311. B npouecce yrJleo6pa3oBa-
HH51 npOHCXOAHT He TOJIbKO 3aKOHOMepHoe yBeJIHtieHHe KOHAeHCH-
pOBaHHOCTH apoMaTHLieCKHX SiAep H NX OTHOCHTeJIbHorO KOJINLIe-
CTBa, HO H yMeHbiueHHe coAep}KaHHH rHApOJIH3yeMbIx CB5I3eH.
fIpxpoAa rHApOJIH3yeMbIx CB5I3efi pa3JIHLIHa: LiaCTb CBH3eI3 SIB-
JIHeTCSI KHCJIOPOAHbIMH, CB5I3bIBaIOIUHMH OCHOBHble CTpyKTypHble
3BeHb5I MaKpoMOJIeKyJIbI yrAei; ApyraH qaCTb MO}KeT 6bITb o6'bHC-
HeHa C TOLIKH 3peHHSI TeOpHH OKHCJIHTeJIbHO-rHApoJIHTHtIeCKOrO
paCHIefJICHHH opraHHLIeCKHX CoeAHHeHHI3, pa3BHBaeMoH M. M. h e-
MSiKHHbIM H JI. A. II&yKHHOI3. ABTOpbI npH3HaIOT BO3MO]KHOCTb
rHA'pOJIH3a yrJiepOA'HbIX CBSI3eI3 apoMaTHqecxoro xApa, eCJIH npH
aTOMax yriiepoAa HMe1OTC I KHCJIopoacoAep}KaLuHe rpynnbl, BJIHmo-
III,He Ha noJlBpH3auHIo CB5I3eH Me}KAy HHMH H noCJieAy1OHIHfI NX
pa3pbuB. fIpH OKHCJIeHHH H rHApOJ1H3e HH3KOMeTaMOp4)H3OBaHHbIX
yr ieH npOHCXOAHT rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM pa3pbIB MOCTHgHbIX KHCJIO-
pOAHbIX CB5I3eII. B c.nyilae BbICOKOMeTaMOp(4H3oBaHHbIX yrlieH He-
06XOAHMO npeABapHTeJIbHOe npHc(>eAHHeHHe KHCJlopoAa c o6pa30-
BaHHeM rpynn, oc.Ia6JIxIOLuxx CBSI3b yrJIepOAHbIX aTOMOB B HApe,
BCJieACTBHC Liero npOHCXOAHT pacnaA caMoro SIApa, conPOBOwAalO-
IuHHCSi BbiAeJ eHHeM ra3006pa3HbIX H BOAo'paCTBOpHMbix npOAyK-
TOB.
fIoATBep)K)IeHHeM pa3BHBaeMoro McXaHH3Ma OKHCJIeHHH yrJIefl,
pa3JIHLIHOPO AJISI HH3KO- H BbICOKOMeTBMOP(1H3OBaHHbIX yrJlex, SIB-
JISIeTCSI H3MeHeHHe CBOIICTB yrJiei npH BbIBeTpHBaHHH, xapaKTepH-
3yIOLuHMCSI TpeMSi rJIaBHbIMH CTaAHHMH OKHCJIHTeJIbHoro pacnaAa:
1) BHeApeHHeM KHCJIOpoaa B BHAe rHApoJIH3yeMbIX CBSI3eH, 2) pac-
naAOM opraHHLIeCKoro BeuueCTBa no 3THM CBH3$IM C o6pa3OBaHHeM
TyMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, H 3) nocJie. yloiuHM pacnaAOM KOHAeHCHpO-
BaHHOrO SIApa o6pa3oBaBIHHxcSI ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT.
BbIXOA H cocTaB ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT MOrYT 6bITb nOJIO}KeHbi B
OCHOBy HayHHOH KJIaCCHq)HKauHH yrJleli. B.oJIbLHOe 3Ha 4eHHe npil-
o6peTaeT KJIaCCH(pHKaUHSI Ha 3TOII OCHOBe B TeX CJiyuaslX, KorAa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ApyrHMH McTgr[aMH OHa 3aTpyJjHHTeJIbHa. aJISI 3TOII ueJIH B 6ypbix
H BbIBeTpHBHIHXCSI KaMeHHbIX yrJIHX Heo6xoJ[HMo aHaJIH3HpOBaTb
BbIAeJIAeMble H3 HHX ryMHHOBble KHCJIOTbI, B HeoxHCJIeHHbIX H CJIa-
600KHCJIeHHbIX KaMeHHbIX, a TaK}Ke nepexo HbIX 6ypblX - BbIAe-
JIeHHble M$IrKHM OKHCJIeHHeM nepeKHCbIO BoAopoAa. TaK, n0 BbI-
XOAy, OIITHqeCKOII UJIOTHOCTH H nopory KoaryJISiuHH HZejIogHbIX
paCTBOpOB ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT MO}KHO OTJIHT-IHTb 6ypble yrJIH OT
BbIBeTpHBHIHXCH KaMeHHbIX, HepexOAHble 6ypble - OT HH3KOMeTa-
MOpCpH30BaHHbIX H ciao OKHCJIeHHbIX McTaMOpCpH30BaHHbIX Ka-
McHHbIX. HO OCTaTKy OT 3KCTpaKIj1H 6eH30JIOM H HueJIOtIbio CHJIbHO
OKHCJIeHHOII npO6bl KaMeHHbIX yrJIeII, OT06paHHOII Ha HOBepXHOCTII,
MO}KHO onpeAeJIHTb Mapxy yrJIH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O HPOT14BOPEIIHHX B TOJIKOBAHHH YCJIOBHI1
OBPA3OBAHH}I BYPbIX H HAMEHHbIX YrJIEf
L. T.3a6pamabiI
(XuMuuecKuu unCTuTyT Y3CCP, Tauixe,T)
3aKOHOMepHoe yMeHbIIIeHHe cojjepxcaHHSi KHCJIopo)ja, Boj(OpoJja
H BbIXOjja JIeTyTIHX BeujeCTB H BO3paCTaHHe couepxcaHHSI yrile-
pojja npH nepexo e OT TOP(1)a K 6ypblM yrJISIM, a 3aTeM K KaMell-
HbIM yrJISIM H allTpaUHTaM HO3BOJIHJIH nOCTaBHTb HX B OjjHH p5ljj
H CLIHTaTb ero eJ[HHbIM reHeTHqeCKHM pSiJZOM ryMYCOBbIX yrJle3l.
,apyrHe CBOFICTBa, B LIaCTHOCTH CnexaeMOCTb H yJZeJlbHbII-i BeC, Me-
HSIK)TCSi no KPHBOI3 C MaKCHMyMOM HJIH MHHIIMyMOM B o6JaCTH
Fa3OBbIX H x{HPHbIX yrJleH.
O6fuenpHHSITO CIHTaTb, LITO nepexoJj yrjlei OT OJ[HOII CTa,L111II
yrJle(~HKauHH K apyrofl cOBepHIaJICSI nOJ1 BJIHSIHHeM TeMnepaTypbI
H JZaBJIeHHSI HJIH, KaK rOBOP IT reojiorH, nojj BJIHHHHeM RHarelle3a
H McTaMOp(n143Ma.
CTpyKTypHble H3MeHeHHH npH MCTaMOPlJH3Me 3aKJIIO,4a}OTCSI B
oTUjenjleHHH TePMHqeCKH McHee yCTOIILIHBbIX aTOMHbIX rpynri 113
60KOBbIX uenell. FIpH 9TOM Oj[HOBpeMeHHO B03paCTaeT CTenellb
apoMaTH,Iecxoi KOHJjeHcaIjHH H nPOHCXOJ[HT ynopsuJ.o'-IeHHe B3aHM-
Horo paCHOJION{eHHR nJIOCKHX ceTOK, KOTOpOe npHBOJjHT K x{eCTKOII
CTpyKType, o6JlaJIaloujeli Xyj[HIeH cneKaeMOCTbIO. B COOTBeTCTBHH
C 3THM BPsljj JIH MO)KHO roBOpHTb, TITO pa60TbI HO yJIbTpaTOHKOH
cTpyKType yrJIecl nOjuTBepx{AaIOT B03M04{HOCTb H3MeHeHH5I cneKae-
MOCTH yrJlefl B reHeTHLIecKOM P.9,jy no KpHBOii, TeM 6OJIee, LITO yrJIH
SIBJIHIOTCSI noJIHMepaMH, a cnexaeMOCTb noJIHMePOB nOR BJIHHHHeM
BbICOKHX TeMnepaTyp H JZaBJIeHHfl MO}KCT TOJIbKO yxyJlluaTbCSI.
IIO HaHIHM npe$CTaBJIeHH5M npOTHBope'IHSI BO B3rJISIAaX o6-bSIC-
HSSK)TCSI HeJjooueHKOn BJIHSIHHSI OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX npoueCCOB, KOTO-
pble BJIHHJIII Ha XapaKTep npeBpan eHHSI yrJIefl He McHbule, LICM
McTaMop(JH3M.
I4CKyCCTBeHHaSI yrJle(I)HKauHSI npH 325? B TexieHHe 150 uacoB
noKa3aJIa (CM. Ta6JI. 1), LITO Top(p nepeuleJi B CTaJIHK) ra3OBbIX
yrJIer-I (ec.IH 0 CTenenIH yroe(JHKauH CYAHTb no BbIXOJ[y JIeTy4HX
BeujeCTB), a yrJIH MaPOK A H II)K- B CTajjHIO KOKCOBbIX. I-IOJIy-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
g4eHHbie npOAyKTbI H3 TOp(#)a H yriisl MapKH U AaBa.nH nopoulKO-
o6pa3Hblfi KOKCOBbII-i OCTaTOK, a CneKaeMOCTb yrJ)A I-I)K CHH3HJIacb
3a 96 qacoB c 20 Ao 12,3 eAHHHubI (no McTOAy I4FI4).
Ta6uHua 1
Yrne4 HKaI HH B axa9po6Hblx yc.nonHAx (B %)
HCXOAHbIH
Yrne4)HuHpo-
BaHHbI i .
FHApOreHH3auHSI yrJISI MapKH a npH 320? B npHCyTCTBHH KaTa-
JIH3aTopa MoS3 r103BOJIHJIa 4epe3 4 'iaca IIOJIyl-IHTb npOJ.(yKT, KO-
TOpbn3 npH THreJIbHOM KOKCOBaHHH Aasa.n criji JIeHHbII-I, cneK-
IUHI3CH, BCny4eHHblfI oCTaTOK.
IIpH HCKYCCTBeHHOfi yrJleq)HKauHH erO B a3po6HbIX YCJIOBHHX
B TeileHHe 9 qacoB npH 325? H B ana3po6HbIX YCJIOBH51X B TeileHHe
7 qacoa npH 360? noJly'HJIHCb npOZ[yKTbI, KOTOpble no BCeM nO-
Ka3aTeJIAM 6bIJIH HAeHTHLIHbI B nePBOM c.nyqae yrJIHM CTeneHH
yrJle(4HKauHH II)K H BO BTOPOM CJiyqae yrJIHM K (cM. Ta6JI. 2).
14CXOAHbIH . . . .
r HAPHPOBaHHbIH . .
as
T 7
H N
0.S
F T
42,6
53,1
XapaKTep KOKCOBOrO
KOpOJIbKa
CJIHRIDHIICH 77,8
Cn.nasneHHb-H, cnex-
mHHcH, BCnyLIeHHbt 81,7
CnnaBneHHbIH, cneK-
WHHcx 83,6
CneKWHHCH, cepe6pnc-
TbiH 85,5
.Q W.
V T
Pa3AeJIeHHeM MHKpOKOMHOHeHTOB rpynnbl BHTpeHa yr iefl
pa3JIHLIHbIX MapKK B TSI}KeJlbIX )KHAKOCTHX no yaeJIhHOMY Becy no-
JIytIaIOTCSI npOAYKTbI pa3JIHLIHOfi CTeneHH noJIHKOHAeHcaUUHH, KaK
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
31 npH pa3AeJieHHH JII06bIX nojnHMepOB. 3TH (ppaKuHH r103BOJISI10T
CyAHTb 0 XapaKTepe Hx npespauxeHHH B npouecce yrJle()HKaILHH.
EOJIee TH}KeJIble (ppaKLHH )jJIHHHOnJIaMeHHbIX yr iei AaIOT McHb-
WHH BbIXOJ1 JIeTyIqHx BemecTB H o6JIa1[am0T xyJLLUeg cnexaeMOCTblO.
CJIe1[oBaTeJIbxo, H B npHpoAHbIX yCJIOBHSIX, KorJ[a nOA BJIHSIHHeM
McTaMOp4JH3Ma UOBblmaJI2Cb cTenenb noJIHKOHAexcaUHH, cnexae-
MOCTb yrJief MapKH A yxyALUaJlacb, a He ynyiIuaJiacb, KaK 3TO
npHHBTO CKHTaTb.
Ha3peJla He06XOAHMOCTb OpraHH30BaTb nIHpOKHfi o6MeH MHe-
HHSIMH AJISI npHBe.eHHH npeAcTaBJIeHHH o6 yrJleo6pa30BaTeJlbHOM
npouecce B COOTBeTCTBHe C HaKOnHBLUHMCSI 60raTbIM (paKTHqeCKHM
MaTepHaJioM, a TaK}Ke yfOpSIAOLIHTb cyiueCTByIOUZyIO TepMHHOJIO-
rHiO, KOTOpaSi AOJDKHa OCHOBbIBaTbCSI He TOJIbKO Ha reOJlormeCKHX,
HO H Ha XHMH4eCKHX npeACTaBJIeHHHX. Cyu1eCTBy1oLuai TepMHHO-
JIOrHSi C03AaeT 6omlbiune TpyAHOCTH npH H3ytIeHHH reHe3nca yrJie}i.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOME AAHHbIE
0 CTPYKTYPE BbICOKOMOJIEICYJIFIPHbIX
YPJIEBOROPOAOB HE DTH
C. P.CeprHeHxo, E.B.Jle6egeB, A.A.MHXHOBCxaa
(Hucruryr ue(firu AH CCCP, MocKea)
fIpOBeJjeHbl HCCJIeJJOBaHHSH BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX yrJIeBOJjo-
pOJjOB He4JT'H, He nOJjBepraBHIHXCH B03,gefCTBHIO BbICOKHX TeMne-
paTyp.
f1oKa3aHO, tITO 3aMeTHble XHMHgeCKHe H3MeHeHH51 BbICOKOMO-
JIeKyJISIpHOR yr.neBOJCOpouxoil tla-CTH HeC&TH npH aJIHTeJIbHOM Ha-
rpeBaHHH o6HapyxcHBaIOTC5i npH TeMnepaType 300? H BbIIHe. hIo-
3TOMy OTI'OHKy JIerKHX H CpeJjHHX tIaCTeli He??TH (BbIKHnaK)Hjnx Jj0
325-350?) npoH3BOJ[HJIH npH TeMnepaType 215-250?. Pa3Jjc.ie-
HHe H JjH(4epeHuHauHlo BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIp'HOIi tTaCTH He4 TH OCy-
HjeCTBJIHJIH C HOMOHjbIO T2KHX McTOJ[OB, KaK XpOMaTOrpa4JHSI, MO-
JIeKyJISIpHaSI neperoHKa, KOMnJIeKcoo6pa3oBaHHe C Kap6aMIIJj0M,
JjeACTBHe CeJIeKTHBHbIX paCTBOpHTe.Ieli. YrJIeBOAOpOJjbI, BbIJ(eJIeH-
Hble H3 TSI}KeJIOf 'IaCTH Heq)TeI3 pa3JIHtIHbIX McCTOpwKgeHHII COBeT-
CKOrO C0103a (MOJIeKyJISIpHbIA BeC BbIHIe 300 H TeMnepaTypa KH-
HeHHSI 325-650?) , nORB,epra IH JI TaJIbHOMY HCCJIeJ(oBaHHI0 C HC-
nOJIb3OBaHHeM 6OJIbWWIOrO KOMfJIeKCa XHMHtIeCKHX H Cp113HtICCKIIX
McTOJjOB, BKJIIOgaSI:
1) OKHCJIeHHe nepMauraHaTOM KaJIHH - JIJISI J[OKa3aTeJIbCTBa
KOJIHYeCTBa H UOJIO}KCHHSI 3aMeCTHTeJIef B 6eH30JIbHOM KOJIbL e;
2) H36HpaTeJlbHyIo KaTaJIHTHtIeCKyIO J[erHJjpOreHH3aIIHIO B npH-
CyTCTBHH fJIaTHHbI Ha yrJle - JjJISI uOKa3aTeJIbCTBa HaJI11 HSI reKCa-
McTHJIeHOBbIX KOJIeu;
3) HH(ppaKpaCHyI0 H yJIbTpa4JHOJIeTOByIO CneKTpOCKOHHK) -
AJIH xapaKTepHCTHKH OCHOBHbIX CTPYKTYPHbIX 3BeHbeB MOJIeKyJIbI;
4) KOMnJIeKCOo6pa3OBaHHe C Kap6ami,;xoM - LIJISI JjOKa3aTeJIb-
CTBa npHCYTCTBHST JjJIHHHbIX Hepa3BCTBJIeHHbIx napaCJHHOBbIX ue-
nex B BbICOKOMOJIeKyJIHpHbIx yrrieBOJIopoJjax He(fTH.
HaH6oJlee AeTaJlbxo 6bIJIa HccJleJjoBaxa , eBOHCKaSI HeClTb PO-
MaHIKHHCKOro McCTopo}K)jeHHSI. IIOJIytIeHHble B HaHIeM HccJlejoBa-
HHH HOBble 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHble JjaHHble H03BOJI511OT CJ[eJlaTb CJIe-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
.ayloluHe BbIBOAbI 0 CTpOeHHH BbICOKOMOJIeKyJIlpHbIX yr.neBoAopo-
JjOB He(YTH.
3a HCKJIfoLIeHHeM He60JlbMHX KOJIHLIeCTB napa(f HHOBbIX yrJle-
BOJ.iOpOAOB BCe MOJIeKyJIbl BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX yrJleBoAopo)joB
He(JTH HMeIOT CMeHIaHHoe HJIH rH6pHAHoe CTpoeHHe, T. e. cojtep-
.}I(aT B CBOeM COCTaBe Hapa(THHOBble, I1,HKJIOHapa(IJHHOBble H apo-
MaTHIIeCKHe CTpyKTypHble 3BeHbcI.
Cpe,uH apoMaTHIIeCKHX CTpyKTypHbIX 3BeHbeB B MOJIeKyJ1aX
BbIcoKOMOJIeKyJISIpIIbIX yr.neBOAopoAoB HCCJIeJIOBaHHbIX He(])TeH
npeo6Jia,aaloT Ha(JTaJIHHOBble H 6eH3oJIbHble AApa; nOJIHuHKJIHIIe-
CKHC KOHJjeHCHpOBaHHble apoMaTMtIeCKHe CTpyKTypbl B IICCJiejjo-
BaHHbIX CbIpbIX He(1)T5IX npuCyTCTBOBaJIH JIHIIIb B He3IIagHTe.1IbHbIX
KOJIHIIeCTBaX HJIH }Ke COBCeM He 6bIJIH BbIJI,eJIeHbI.
COOTHOHIeHHe pa3JIHIIHbIX rpynn BbICOKOMOJIeKyJlHpHbIX yrJie-
BO,'jopO.aOB 14 HX cTpyKTypHO-rpynnoBasl xapaKTepncTIlKa npHBe-
J[ellbl B Ta6JIHue.
T7apa)HHOBble n uxKnonapa-
C4nnoBbte . . . . . . .
I'oMo.norl 6el l3o la (MU,A) *
FOMOnorth Ha4TanHHa
(KBUA)** . . . . . .
Aoim cpeAH
BbICOKOMO-
neKyJ1Ip-
Hblx yrJie-
BOAOpOAOB,
38-50
14-25
apoMarH-
9eCKHX
0,3-2,5
2-3
0
0,8-1,5
0
s
ax
r
0 x
o
yam
a
~- x
10s
O u
av
ro r
56-92
50-64
* ML[A - M0H0uHKnH4ecKasl apoMaTHKa.
KBUA-KOHAeHCHpoBaHHa5 6HnHKnHneCKaa apoMaTHKa.
8-44
16-30
0
16-24
Cpe/7II BbICOKOMOJIeKyJInpIIbIX FOMOJIOrOB 6eII3OJIa npeo6Jla-
JZaIOT TpeX3aMeIueHHble; AH- II MOII03aMeI.ueHHble II HCyTCTBy1OT
B He6oJIbuInx KOJIIIIICCTBax. 3aMeCTHTeJIH B 6eH30JIbHOM KOJIbue
Tpex3aMemeHHbIX rOMOJIOrOB 6eH3oJIa HaXOJISITCH FJIaBHbIM o6pa-
30M, B no.no}KeHHSIx 1, 3, 5, n 1, 2, 4.
McTO,a 14361IpaTeJIbHOH KaTaJIHTHgIeCKOH Jgerij(poreHH3auu1
H03BOJIHJI yCTaHOBHTb, IITO COOTHOIHeHHe nHTH- H HIeCTHIIJIeHHbIX
KOJI7eu KOJIe6JIeTCSI npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO B npeae.nax 2 : 3 - 1 : 1.
-7
11OKa3aHO, IITO npH ,1 JIHTeJIbHOM HarpeBaHHH BbICOKOMoJIeKy-
.JIIIPHbIX ap0MaTHIIeCKHX yrJIeBOAOPOROB He(JTli npH 300-350? o6-
pa3yeTCH 3HaIIHTeJIbHOe KOJIHqeCTBO noJIHuHKJIHIIeCKHX KOHjjeHCH-
;pOBaHHbIX apoMaTHIieCKHX CTpyKTyp.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CepHHCTble COeJ(HHeHHSI KOHIjeHTpHpyIOTCH BMeCTe c apoMaTH-
4ieCKHMH yr.meBoaopollaMH C KOHJ[eHCHpOBaHHbIMH q;ipaMH, qTo
yKa3bIBaeT Ha CTpyKTypHyIO 6JIH30CTb xX C 9TOfi rpynnoH yrJleBo-
AOpOJZOB.
flo.nygeHHble 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHble JIaHHbre CBHJ[eTeJIbCTByIOT
O TOM, qTO CyIUeCTByeT TeCHasi reHeTHLIeCKaH CB5I3b Me Uy BbICO-
KOMOJIeKyaISIpHbIMH apoMaTHqeCKHMH yrJleso1[opoaaMH H reTepo-
opraHH'qeCKHMH COe,IUHHeHHHMH (cepaopraHHgecxxe CoeaHHeHHH,
CMOJIbI, ac(PaJIbTeHbl) BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHOH qaCTH He4)rH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HAY'IHME OCHOBbI CHHTE3A AJIHI-IJI-
H APIIIJI(DEHOJIbHbIX HPHCAAOH If MHHEPAJIbHbIM
MACJIAM H MOTOPHbIM TOIIJIHBAM
B. H. HcaryJHHI, B. H. THmxoBa
(Mocxoecxuu Heg5ramou unCTUTyr uac. H. M. ry6xuwa)
IIpHMeHeHHe npHca.z OK K CMa3OLIHbIM MaCJIaM HMeeT CBoei
IZeJibIO yJIyLIIIIeHHe TaKHX CBOT CTB MaceJr, KaK, HanpHMep, TepMo-
OKHCJIHTeJIbHaSi CTa6HJIbHOCTb, JIaKoo6pa3oBaHHe, AHCneprHpyio-
I He (MOK)LUHe), aHTHKOpp03HOHHbie, AenpeCCaHTHble C'BOhCTBa
H Ap. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOM, y iytlLHaeT npHcaAKa OAHO HJIH He-
CKOJIbKO CBOfiCTB Mac.na, pa3JIHqaK)T OAHO- H MHOrO(f.)yHKIjHOHaJIb-
Hbie npHCaAKH. ;IJISI yJIygmeHHA CBOtiCTB CMa3OYHbIX MaCeJI HaH-
6oJlbuiee 3HaLIeHHe HMe1OT MHOrO(pyHKuHOHaJIbHble npHCaAKH.
CHCTeMaTHLIeCKHe HccJIeAOBaHHSI B o6JIaCTII CHHTe3a H H3yLIe-
HHH CBOI1CTB 3aMeLueHHbIX 4)eHOJIOB nOKa3aJIH BO3MO}KHOCTb HC-
fOJIb3OBaHHH HX B KaLIeCTBe HCXOAHbIX BeLuecTB uA5i CHHTe3a npH-
CaAOK H yCTaHOBJIeHHSI CB93H MewxLy CTpOeHHeM noCJIeAHHX H HX
CBOI3CTBaMH. 3TO HanpaBJICHHe HBJISIeTCH OAHHM H3 HaH6oaiee
Ba)KHbIX.
3aMeHLeHHbie q)eHOJIbI, KaK TaKOBble, o6JIaaaIOT MaJIOI1 a("eK-
THBHOCTbIO B CMbICJie yJIYLIIHeHHSI CBOI%ICTB MaceJI. IIOJIyLIeHHbie Ha
OCHOBe 3aMeIIZeHHbIX (peHOJIOB CepaopraHHIieCKHe H (pocc~opopra-
HHLIeCKHe COeAHHeHHSI npeACTaBJIHIOT co6oH 34 eKTHBHbie npH-
CaAKH.
B HaCTOHweYI pa60Te BnepBble 6bIJI CHCTeMaTHLIeCKH HccJleAo-
BaH CHHTe3 cepa- H (poc(popopraHHLieCKHX CoeAHHeHHii Ha OCHOBe
3aMeiueHHbIX ()eHOJIOB. KpoMe pa3pa6oTKH McTOAOB fOJIy4IeHH5I
3aMeLILeHHbIX 4)eHOJIOB Ha 6a3e He4)TSIHOrO CbIpbSI, CHHTe3HPOBaHO
6o.nbLHOe KOJIHL(eCTBO CyJib(()H)XOB, AHCYJIb(4HAOB H nOJIHCYJIb(4HA0B
3aMeIL[eHHbIX 4)eHOJIOB H Ha HX OCHOBe - AH9(1)HPOB AHTH4040p-
HOI3 KHCJIOTbI. COJIH HX npeJCTaBJIIK)T CO60x coeAHHeHHH,
XOpOIIIO paCTBOPHMbie B MHHepaJIbHbIX Macflax H fPH ao6as-
JIeHHH K MaCJIaM npuaioiu a HM BbICOKyIO TepMOOKHCJIHTeJIbHY1O
CTa6HJIbHOCTb, AHCneprxpyloiILHe (MOK)mHe),. AenpeccaHTHbie,
a iTHKOpP03'HfIHbie GBOI3CTBa; OHH npe2LomBpaIgaIOT TaK)Ke JIaKOO6-
pa3oBaHHe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B pe3yJlbTaTe 06061ueHHSI AaHHbIX 60JIbIHOFO 3KCnepHMeHTaJIb-
HOPO MaTepHaJia BbISIBHJIaCb BO3MO)KHOCTb CHHTe3a npHcaAOK C
3aAaIIHbIMH CBOIICTBaMH H 3aJIO]KeHbI HaygHble OCHOBbI CHHTe3a
HpHCaJIOK K MaCJIaM. MexaHII3M JjeIICTBHH MHOFO4JyHKUHOHaJIbHbIX
IipHcaJLOK OTIeHb cJIo)KeH. B HaCTOSILuee BpeMH BbIHBJIeHO JIHIUb
BJIHSIHHe OTAeJIbHbIX (pyHKUHOHaJIbHbIX rpynn Ha OTJjeJIbHble CBOII-
CTBa Macea. OAHaKO He noflJIe)KHT COMHeHHIO, TITO MHOrocI)yHK-
uH01-IaJIbHbie HPHCaJJKH OKa3bIBaIOT KOMnJIeKCHOe BJIHSIHHe Ha 143-
McHeHHe 3KCnJIyaTauHOHHbIX CBOIICTB MaceJI.
,q.nH o6eCne4eHHSI yAOBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHOII pa60Tbi cpopcnpoaaH-
HbIX, C Hanp5l}KeHHbIM pe}KHMOM pa60TbI JjBHraTeJleA HaH6OJIbiuee
3Ha!IeIIIIe HMeeT JLHCneprHpyioLuee cBOIICTBO npHCaJj0K HPH OJjHO-
BPeMeHHOII AOCTaTOTIHOII TepMOOKHCJIHTCJIbHOI3 CTa6HJIbHOCTH.
,qo6aBJ1eHlie npHcaAOK K MOTOPHbIM TOHJIHBaM H 3HepreTH-le-
CKIIM MaCJIaM HMeeT CBoeI3 ueJlbJO HpeAOTBpaTHTb aBTOOKHCJIeHHe.
IPHMeHHIOWWHeCH B HaCTOSILuee BpeMSI HpHCaJjKH (HHrn6HTOpbI) -
napaoKCH,gH(lJeHHJIaMHH, ApeBecHa5l CMOJIa - HBJISIIOTCSI JIH6o
MaJto4cpeKTHBHbIMH, JIn6o MaJIOJjOCTynHbIMH.
OAHHM H3 HanpaBJIeHHIl CHCTeMaTHTIeCKOIO H3yTIeHHSi CBOIICTB
3aMemeHHbIX cpeHOJIOB SIBHJIOCb H3YTIeHHe CBOIICTB 9KpaHHpOBaH-
1lbIX (peHOJIOB. YCTaHOBJIeHO, TITO 3KPaHHPOBaHHble (peHOJIbI B 3a-
BHCHMOCTH OT paJjHKaJIOB, 3aMeLuaIOHZLIX BOAopOAbl B nOJIO}KeHHSIX
2,6 Ho OTHOIIIeHH!O K (JeHOJIbHOMy rHApOKCHJIy, SIBJISIIOTCSI 34Jg)eK-
THBHbIMH allTHOKHCJIFITeJIbHbIMH HPHCaJLKaMH AJISI BpeMeHHOrO
npeAOTBpaLueHHH (XHMHgeCKOII CTa6HJIH3auHH) aBTOOKHCJIeHHSI
KpeKHHr-6eH3HHOB, 3THJIHPOBaHHbIX 6eH3HHOB, KpeKHHr-KepOCHHOB
TAI, B OcO6eHHOCTH, 3HepreTHTIeCKHX Mace.!.
9HepreTHTlecKae MaCJIa AJISI CTPOSILLIHXCH r1Jjpo3JleKTpocTaHLHli
nPOH3BOJISIT H3 CepHIICTbIX Heq)Teli. BCJIeJJCTBHe Ha.IHTIHSI B HHX
cepbl OHH 06JIaJjaK)T 6OJIbIHOII CKJIOHHOCTbIO K aBTOoKHCJIeHHIO.
YCTaHOB.7euo, TITO npH A06aBKe B TaKHe Macmla 0,2% 9KpaHHp0-
BaHHOrO (~eHOJIa (THIia 2,6-AHTpeTHTIIIo-6yTHJI-4-McTHjiq)eHOJIa) aB-
TOOKHCJIeHHe npeaOTBpaLuaeTCSI,
[IOCKOJIbKy 3aMeIueHHble (JeHOJIbI HBJISIIOTCSI HCXOAHbIMH npo-
AyKTaMH AJISi CHHTe3a npHcaAOK, peHTa6e.nbHoe npOH3BOACTBO HX
HMeeT pemaioiuee 3Ha'eHHe B npo6JieMe nPOH3BOJ[CTBa npHcaAOK.
IIpeAJio}KeH HOBbIII 06111HIt McTOJj nOJIy'eHH51 3aMenjeHHbIX (peHO-
JIOB, KOTOpbIII H03BOJISIeT CO3AaTb HenpepbIBHbIIt npouecc HPH KO-
JIHTIeCTBeHHOM npeBpaLueHIi (~eHOJia H OJie(i)HHOB B HPHCYTCTBHH
KaTHOH006MeHHbIX CMOJI.
Pe3yJlbTaTbl npOBeAeHHbIX HCCJIeAOBaHHII HcnOJIb30BaHbI B HpO-
MbIInJIeHHOCTH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AEFIAPOFEHI43AIRHfI IIEHTAMETHJIEHOBMIX
YFJIEBOROPOAOB B IIPI?ICYTCTBHH
HJIATHHHPOBAHHOPO YrJIH
T. H. HapMmx$Ha, H. H. Myfic:H
(HUCTUT f,T opaauuuecicou xuacuu
um. H. J. 3ercuucxoeo AH CCCP, Moc,ea)
,aerHJI.poreHH3auHSI yrJIeBOAopOAOB uHKJIOneHTaHoBoro p%,aa
noJ[ BJIHHHHeM IIJIaTHHOBOrO KaTaJIH3aTOpa BbI3bIBaeT HHTepeC
npHHIUfnHaJIbHoro xapaKTepa. H. q. 3eJIHHCKHM 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO,
1TO UHKJIOneHTaH H 1HKJIOrenTa'H BeAYT ce6x HHAHIpcpepeHTHO B
yCJIOBHAX AerH.aporeHH3auHOHHoro KaTaJIH3a nPH TeMHepaTypaX He
BbIIIIe 300' B npHCYTCTBHH McTaJIJIOB 8-ft rpyrlnbl nepHoAHrIecKOrI
CHCTeMbI. H. A. 3eJIHHCKHM, B. A. Ka3aHCKHM H A. 1. fIJiaT9
VCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO B aTMOCCpepe BOAOpOAa B TeX )Ke yCJIOBHRX UHKJIO-
neHTaHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbI npeTepneBaloT rHJ[pOreHOJIH3 C paCKpbl-
TH2M uHKJIa.
B HaCTOHHIei pa6OTe HaFIAeHO, 'HO npH 6o.nee BbICOKOFi TeM-
nepaType H HOHH}KeHHOM JiaBJIeHHH UHKJIOneHTaHOBble yrJIeBOJ(O-
BbixoA I{HKJIOneHTa-
AHeHOBbIX yrneBoAo-
PoAOB, %
1NK.noneHTaH . . . . . . . . . .
B OTCYTCTBIIe KaTaJIH-
3aTopa . . . . . . . . . . . .
McTHJi(HKJIOneHTaH . . . . . .
Temnepa-
Typa, ?C
500
550
600
600
600
BblxoA
KaraJln3a-
Ta, Bec. %
91,5
85,7
80,6
89,9
80,0
Ha KaTaJIH-
3aT
Ha nponv-
IueHHbIF1
yrJ1eBopo-
PoA
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
poAbl o6Hapyx{HBaIOT CKJIOHHOCTb K Aern4poreHH3auHH. Tax, npli
600 H 20 AM Ha 5%-HOM Pt-yrne npoxcxoAHT OTnjeniiellne BOAO-
POAHbIX aTOMOB B MOJieKyJiax I1 THTIJIeHHbIX UHKJIaHOB C o6pa3oBa-
HHeM COOTBeTCTBYIOIII,HX UHKJIOneHTeHOB H UHKJIOneHTaAHeHOB,
npHgeM rnIy6HHa npeBpameHHH B nocJIeAHHe AOCTHraeT 9-16%
3a OAHH npoxoA.
MaKCHMaJIbHoe npeBpaiueHHe UHK.noneHTaHa B UHKJIOneHTa-
AHeH COCTaBJIHeT 9%, npHLIeM B KaTaJIH3aTe coAep)KHTCH npH6JIn-
3HTeJIbHO TaKOe we KOJIHqeCTBO UHKJIoneHTeHa.
rlpeBpan eHne McTHJIUHKJIOneHTaHa B COOTBeTCTByJOIUHIf UHKJIO-
neHTaAHeHOBbII3 yr.nesOAOpOA AocTHraeT 6OJIbIHei3 rJIy6HHbI (AD
16%). B 3TOM CJIyqae, TaK we KaK H npH AerHApHpoBaHHH UHKJIO-
neHTaHa, B npOAYKTBX peaKUHH npHCyTCTByJOT HSITHTIJIeHHbIC
UHKJIeHbI.
YcneUJHoe nPOTeKaHHe peaKUHH AerHAPOreHH3auHH nxTH'IJ1eH-
HbIX UHKJIBHOB o6ecnegHBaeTc5I He TOJIbKO npHMeHeHHeM 344eK-
THBHOro KaTaJIH3aTopa, HO H HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM yMeHbineHHOrO AaB-
JIeHHSI, r103BOJI5IIOIUero pe3KO COKpaTHTb COnyTCTByIOm.He npOIZeCCbI,
B qaCTHOCTH, fOJIHMePH3aUHK) o6pa3yIOLUHxc5I UHKJIOAHeHOB.
rIOCKOJIbKy CTPYKTypa n5ITHtIJIeHHbIX UHKJIBHOB He cooTBeTCT-
ByeT CeKCTeTHO11 M?ooeJIH HJIaTHHOBOrO KaTaJIH3aTOpa, cJIeAyeT
npeAHOJIOx{HTb, LITO AerHApHpOBaHHe 3THX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB Ha nJIa-
THHOBOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe, TaK we KaK H Ha OKHCHbIX KaTaJIH3aTopax,
npOTeKaeT no pe6epHOMy MexaHH3My. HeKOTOpbIM noATBepx{Ae-
HHeM TaKOro npeAnOJIO KeHHSS CJIYx{HT YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH HaMH (JaKT
AerHApIIpOBBHHSI H.neHTaHa B npHCYTCTBHH nJIaTHHOBOrO KaTaJIH-
3aTOpa npH 600? nOA yMeHbIIIeHHbIM AaBJIeHHeM. B 3THX yCJIOBHHX
peaKUHSI AerHAPHpOBBHHSI H.nenTaHa npOTeKaeT C BbIXOAOM aJIKe-
HOB Ao 20%. rIpeAnonoxceHHe o pe6epnoM McXaHH3Me peaKIJIM
AerlAporeHH3awHH I[HKJIOneHTaHa B npHCYTCTBHH nJIaTHHII coTJIa-
CyeTCH TaK?Ke C TCM 4)aKTOM, iITO B npOAYKTaX peaKUHH 6bIJI HaxAeH,
ITOMHMO IUHKJIOneHTaAHeHa, UHKJIOneHTeH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 IIPHPOAE CEPA-
H A3OTOPFAHHqECRHX COEAHHEHH$ HE(DTII
F. J[. raabnepH, H. H. Be3HHrep, E. H. Kapayaosa,
B. r. JIyxbRHH Aa
(IIuCTUTyr xe95Tu AH CCCP, Mocnea)
YCTaHOBJIeHO, TITO opraHHIIeCKHe CyJIb(MHAbl rJIa u{o npeBpa-
WBIOTCSI B CyJIbq)OKCHAbu. B KepOCHHOBbIX (ppaKUHSIX poMaLLIKHH-
CKOIi He(pTH Ha AoJIIO Cy.ll4HAOB npHXOAHTCSI CBbIIne 50% OT CyM-
MbI cepaopraHHTieCKHX coe,I[HHeHHIi. [IepeBOAOM B CyJlbq)OKCHAbl H
nOCJIeAyio HM XpOMaTOrpa(~HpOBaHHeM Ha CHJIHKareJie yAaeTcs
OTAeJIHTb CyJIb(JOKCHAbI OT yrJleBoAOpOAOB H OCTaJibHbIX rpynn
cepaopraHHTieCKHX COeAHHeHHIi (THO(peHOB, B TIaCTHOCTH), COXpa-
HSIIOLLIHXCSI B HeH3MeHHOM BH,I(e. COCTaB OCHOBHOIi MBCCbI cyJIb()o-
KCHAOB, BbIAeJIeHHbIX H3 pOMafIIKHHCKOTO KepoduHa, oTBeTIa-
eT (popMy.ne CnH2? SO (CyJib4)oKCHJZaM HaCbIU e'H-HbIX THO-
6HuHKJIaHOB). CTpOeHHe HCXOAHbIX CyJIb(4HAOB Mo)KeT 6bITb
H3yTieHO KaK HO IPOAyKTaM OKHCJIeHHSI, TaK H nocJIe HX pereHe-
pauHH.
AuH,RoMeTPHTIeCKHM THTPOBBHHeM He(#e1 H He4)TenpoayKToB B
HeBOAHbIX cpe.iax (nOTeHLuHOMeTpHTIeCKHM McTOAOM), npHMeHSISI
o6pa6oTKy YKCYCHbIM H ()TaJIeBbIM aHr}u pH) aMH, y.AaJiOCb AH4)-
(pepeHUHaJIbHO onpe,i(eJIHTb coAep)KaHne B HHX nepBHtIHbIx, BTO-
PHIIHbIX H TpeTHTIHbIX aMHHdrpynn H CyMMapHoe co,LLep)KaHHe
OCHOBHOrO a30Ta. THTpOBaHHeM B aueTOHHTPHJIe 3TH OCHOBa-
HHH MOI'yT 6bITb noApa3j eJICHbI Ha HBCbILueHHble H HeHaCbIAUeH?-
Hble.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, TITO HPH o6pa6oTKe He()TeIi H He4)TenpoAyKTOB
a.-IIOMOrH)jpHAOM JIHTHSI HeiTpaJIbHbI}I a3OT HOTITH HaueJlo npeBpa-
IuaeTCH B OCHOBHble (POpMbI, CpeAH KOTOpbIX npeo6JiaAaIOT Tpe-
THTIHble.
B HCXOAHbIX He()TSIX OCHOBHOH a30T 6bIJI npe.I CTaBJieH IiCKJIIQ-
4HTeJIbHO TpeTHTIHbIMII ()opMaMH, a Hec1TpaJIbHbIIi - aMH1 amH
KHCJ'IOT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B AHCTHJIJIHTaX, noJlyqaeMblx H3 ApyrHX roplogHx HcxonaeMbix,
KaK CpeAH OCHOBaHHl3, TaK H cpeAH aMHROB KHCJIOT npHCyTCTByIOT
3aMeTHbie KOJIHgecTBa BTOpHgHbIX IpOpM. flepBHtIHble aMHHorpyn-
nbi o6Hapy,,Kenbl TOJIbKO B o6pa3uax OCO6bIX 6HTYMOB H3 o6Ha-
)KeHH1i, rAe HX HajIHgHe, nO-BHAHMOMy, CBSI3aH0 C coBpeMeHHhIMFI
614OXHMHgeCKHMH npespau eHHSIMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A3OTHCTbIE COEAIIHEH1II
IO?KHOY3BERHCTAHCRHX HE DTEII
c. .n. rycHHcxax
(CpeOue-A3uarchuu eocy@apcreeuubau yuueepcuTer u.nc. B. H..Ileuuna,
Tautiteur)
A3oTHCTble CoeAHHeHHSI B He(4T5IX o6bIqHO coAep}KaTCSI B He-
3HazIHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHLIeCTBBX (0,1-0,2%) H TOJIbKO B CepHHCTbIX
He(4THX KOJIHbleCTBO a30Ta aOCTHraeT 0,8-1 %'.. I'I3yqeHHe npHPOAbI
a30THCTbIX CoeAHHeHH33 CB5I3aHO C BOHPOCaMH HpoHCXO}KAeHHH H
npeBpaiueHHSI He(TeI3. A30T B He()TH H ee AHCTHJLnaTaX npeACTaB-
JIeH rJIaBHbIM O6pa3OM B BHAe nHpHAHHOBbIX, XHHOJIHHOBbIX, H30-
XHHOJIHHOBbIX npOH3BOAHbIX H 60Jiee CJIO}KHbIX KOHAeHCHpOBaHHbIX
CHCTeM HHPHAHHOBOro KApa C f5ITH- H nIeCTHqJIeHHbIMH Haq)TeHO-
BbIMH UHKJIaMH. 9TH a30TH?CTbie COeAHHeHHSI B JIHTeparype ZiaCTO
Ha3bIBa1OT B CBSI3H C TeM, LITO B CTPYKType
aJIKaJIOHAOB H a30THCTbIX OCHOBaHHI-i eCTb MHOro o6Hlero. He(PTH
IO)KHOrO Y36eKHCTaHa coaep)KaT 3Ha'lHTeJlbHbie KOJIHqeCTBa cepbi
H a30Ta. O6,beKTOM AJIH HCCJIeAOBaHHH 6bIJia B35ITa HIHPOKaa
(ppaKuHH (118-320?) AapKypraHCKOi He#H.
BbiAe 1IeHHe a30THCTbIX COeAHHeHHIi npOH3BOAHJIOCb o6pa6oT-
KOI cepHOfI KHCJIOTOI-I; AJIH YCTaHOBJIeHH5I yCJIOBHI3 HaH60JIee
nOJIHOro H3BJIeqeHH5I a30THCTbIX COeAHHeHHI-I BapbHPOBaJIHCb KOH-
IjeHTpaijHA cepHOI3 KHCJIOTbI, TeMnepaTypa H BpeMSI nepeMeuIH-
BaHHH. .lly14Jnee H3BJIeqeHHe (40%) aOCTHraeTC5I o6pa6oTKOH
4)paKuHH, noAOrpeTOH Ao 60?, 25%-HOI3 CepHO9 KHCJIOTOH npH nepe-
McnIHBaHHH B Te'leHHe 1 Baca; C TOIiI xce KOHUeHTpaUHel1 KHCJIOTbi
npH TpeXT.IaCOBOM nepeMeI JHBaHHH npH KOMHaTHOI-i TeMnepaType H3-
BJieKaeTC5I 36% OCHOBaHHIi. CyMMa a30THCTbIX OCHOBaHHI3 (0,18%
Ha ()paKUHio) npeACTaBJISIeT co6oH TeMHO-6ypyio }KHAKOCTb c Xa-
paKTepHbIM XHHOJIHHOBbIM 3anaxoM. OHa neperoHAeTC51 npH o6bltl?
HOM AaBJIeHHH (730 mu) 6e3 pa3JI0}KeHHSi B npeAe.nax 250-3000,
d420 1,033; nD20 1,5689, TeMnepaTypa 3aCTbIBaHHH - 4?, co,Ijep)Ka-
HHe a30Ta 5,87-6,3%. aJISH BbIAe.IeHHSI HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIX coeAHHe-
HHH 9Ty CMeCb OCHOBaHHi3 (ppaKIjHOHHPOBaJIH B BaKyyMe. I'I3 OT.-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AeJIbHbIX (JpaKIHI3 fOJiy'IeHbI HHKpaTbI. B pe3yJIbTaTe Rpo6HOIi
flepeKPHCTaJIJIH3auHH H pacluenJleHHH OTAeJibHbIX HHKpaTOB yAa-
JIOCb HAeHTH(pHLHpOBaTb HeKOTOpble XHHOJIHHbI: 2,3-AHMeTHJI-8-
3THJIXHHOJIHH, 2,3-,aHMeTHJI-8 H.npOnHJIXHHOJIHH H 2, 3, 4-TpHMe-
THJI-8 H.HponHJIXHHOJIHH, KOTOpble oxapaKTepH30BaHbI PH)JOM np0-
113BOAHbIX CyJIbq)aTOB H MepKypaTOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIII CIIOCOB IiOHBEPCHH YFJIEBOAOPOAOB
C IIPHMEHEHHEM WEJIE3A
IiAR IIEPEHOCLIHKA IiHCJIOPOAA
H. M. ApT10XOB
(JlenunapaOcnuu nayuuo-uccAeOoearenbcxu(Z uncrturyr
no nepepa6orxe neg5ru u nos ymenuro ucrcycereenuoao xeuOxoao ronauea)
CyluecTByIOIUne cl oco6bI noJIyTeHIIS AeuieBbix TexnUnormie-
CKHX ra30B (TaKHx, KBK BOAOpQA, CHHTe3-ra3, CO2 H NO H3 TBep-
AOrO, )KHAKOrO H ra3o06pa3HOrO Ton.TIHBa c npHMeHeHneM 3JIeKTpH-
4eCKOrO TOKa, Bo3Ayxa, KHCJIOpOILa H BOZ[HHoro papa, KaK npa-
BHJIO, He H03BOJIOIOT nOJIyLIHTb OTHOCHTeJlbHO AeuieBble ra3bl. DT0
o6'b5CHSeTC51 CJIO}KHOCTbIO TeXHOJIorHLIeCKOH cxeMbl, BbICOKHMH
KanHTajIbHbIMH BJIO}KeHHSMH H 3Ha4HTeJIbHbIMH 9KCnJIyaTauHoH-
HbIMH 3aTpaTaMH.
HaH'6anee HH3KyIO CTOHMOCTb HMeIOT TeXHojlor} 4eCKHe ra3bl,
noaly4aeMbie pa3JIHLIHbIMH CnoCo6aMH KOHBepCHH yrJleBOAOpoAOB.
Ba}KHecIIIHMH cnoco6aMH KOHBepcHH yrJIeBOAopOAOB 1BJIIKOTCH:
KOHBepcHS B npHCyTCTBHH BOAHHoro napa, OKHCJIHTeJlbHas KOHBep-
CHH C nOMOIubIO KHCJIOpo La HJIH O6OraUIeHHOrO 'B03Ayxa H KOM6H-
HHpOBaHH I KeJle30-napoBoro McTOAa.
B JIeHHI4l'I pa3pa6oTaH HOBbII' Cnoco6 KOHBepCHH yrJ1eBoAo-
POAOB, n03BOJIH1onnjI fOJIy4HTb Cpa3y TeXHHiieCKH LIHCTbII3 BO,Uo-
pOA, OAH?OBpeMeHHO C CHHTe3-ra3OM H CMecbio CO2 H N2. 3TOT
npouecc ocyul,eCTBJISIeTCH Ha KaTaJIH3aTope, COAep3KalueM 3KeJIe3o
(15-50%), B Tpex peaKTopax, npHqeM B OAHOM HAeT pa3orpeB
KaTa.IH3aropa, BO BTOpOM - BOCCTaHOBJIeFHe, a B TpeTbeM -
oKHcJieHme x{eJle3a.
IIpH pa3orpeBe BbIropaeT 4acTb yr.iepoAa, BbbAeJISnojuerOCH Ha
nosepxxocTH KaTaJIH3aTOpa npH BOCCTaHOBJJeHHH )KeJ1e3a yrJie-
BoAopoAaMH, npH 3TOM o6pa3yeTcx CMeCb CO2 H N2 (ra3bI pere-
HepauHH). npH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH o6pa3yeTCH CMeCb BOAopoaa,
OKHCH yrJIepo.a H yrJieKHCJIOTbI, T. e. CHHTe3-ra3, a npH OKHCJIeHHH
xcene3a BOA1H MM napoM o6pa3yeTcx BoAopoA.
rlpouecc KOHBepCHH yrJleBOaOPOAoB no McTOgy IeHHHH ocy-
LueCTBJIHeTc5I rJIaBHbIM 06pa3OM no AByM pe3yJIbTHpy1oIuHM peaK-
uHHM, a HMeHHO:
CnH,n + (n + x) FeO' (n + x) Fe -f. 0,5mH2 +
+ (n - x) CO; XCO2 - Q4 (4)
H
(n + x) Fe + (n + x) H2O Z (n + x) FeO + (n + x) H2 + Q5. (5)
CpaBHHBax ypaBHeHHe (1) H ypaBHeHHH (4) H (5), nplxoAHM
K BbIBOAy, XITO npouecc JIeHHHI4 IBJI IeTCH, no cyiuecTBy, npouec-
COM }KeJIe3o-BOA5IHOI-I KOHBepcHH, B KOTOpOM }KeJIe3O HBJISIeTCSI nepe-
HOCLIHKOM KHCJIOpoaa, 3aHMCTBOBaHHoro H3 BOAbI B CTaAHH OKHC-
JIeHHH.
ECJIH HCKJIIO4HT'b 3Keae30 H3 ypaBHeHHI3' (4) H (5), TO MbI n0-
JIyLIHM ypaBHeHHe (1), a 3T0 03HatiaeT, qTo Hp1
H 4HCTO BOAHHOII KOHBepCHH TeopeTHtIeCKH BCe nOKa3aTeJIH AOJI]K-
HbI 6bITb OAHHaKOBbIMH, C TOA JIHIIIb pa3HHue]?3, VTO B O6bIHHOM
c iyxiae BCe npOAyKTbI peaKLHH HaXOASITCH B CMeCH, TorAa KaK HpH
KOHBepcHH C HCno.ib3oBaHHeM 3KeJie3a (n + x) H2 HaXOAHTCSI B
qHCTOM BHAe H JIHIUb (0,5 m) H2 - B cMecH c CO H C02-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
B 3TOM - npeHMylueCTBO HOBOro npouecca KOHBepcHH, n03BO-
.nHIoLuee OJLHOBpeMeHHO nOJ1yTn1Tb TeXHHt1eCKH 1 HCTbIii BOJLOPOJ[ H
cHHTe3-ra3.
YqHTbIBaH, tITO npH pa3orpese KaTaJIH3aTOpa }Ke.ie30 OKHCJISIeT-
CH 3a c eT KIICJIOpOJja B03Ayxa, paCXOA BOJL 1HOrO napa Ha ra3II-
q)HKauHK) yrJiepoAa MO]KHO cym CTBeHHO COKpaTHTb HMeHHO 611a-
roAap5i npHMeneHHIO 3Ke.lie3a KaK nepexoctIHKa KHCJIOpo.i[a.
fIocJleAyloluxe TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHgeCKHe pacgeTbI HOKa3aJIH
BbICOKY10 3KOHOMH4HOCTb HoBoro cnoco6a KOHBePCHH yrJreBOAOpo--
AOB B CpaBHeHHH CO BCeMH CyH(eCTByIOIUHMH.
9KCnepHMeHTa.IbHaH pa60Ta npOBoaHJIaCb COBMeCTHO C
A. A. BBeAeHCKHM, B. H. CeAOaoli, H. T. KHpHKHHOf4, A. fI. XHT-
pOBbIM H M. H. SIKYIHKHHbIM. LlpOeKTHa{ H TexHHKO-3KOHOMHtie-
CKaH npOpa6OTKa BbIHOJIH5J1aCb COBMecTHO C B. A. KOTOBOii H
B. H. JIIO6oMHpOBOfI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MACC-CIIEKTPOMETPHgECIIH1a METOJX
OIIPEAEJIEHHH CTPYRTYPHO-rPYIIIIOBOro COCTABA
BEH3ITHOB
A. A. Homaicona, K. H. 3HMHHa, P. A. XMeabHHgxx*
(Rcec. nayuno-ucc.zeaoeare4bcKU17 uncruryr no nepepa6orre ueg5ru u aaaa
u noAyuenuio ucKyccreennozo icuOKOao ron.'euea, Mocnea)
Macc-CneKTpoMeTpHTIeCKHI-i McTOA r103BOJIsieT ,gOCTaTOLIHO
6bICTPO H Ha,Ile}Kuo onpeAeJlsTb CTpyKTYpHo-rpynnOBOIi cocTaB
He(fTenpOAyKTOB, a TaK}Ke yCTaHaBJIHBaTb pacnpe,geJleHHe no MO-
..neKYJISIpHbIM BecaM napa()HHOBbIX H apOMaTHqeCKHX yrJleBoAOpo-
AOB. B 6eH3HHax MoxceT 6bITb yCTaHOBJIeHO HajImIHe cJIeAyioIL Hx
rpyan yrJleBoAopoAoB: napaq)HHOBbie yr.neBoAopoAbI CnH2n+2;
Ha(4TeHOBble H oJIe 4JHHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbl CH211; wHKJioo.ne-
cJ)HHOBble, AHo.ne(JnHOBble H aueTHJIeHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbl
C?H2n-2; apoiaTHgecKHe yr.nesoAQpoAbI CnH2n_6.
HapslAy C yKa3aHHbIMH rpynnaMH MOryT 6bITb onpeAeJleHbI OT-
;(eJlbHble THnbI CTPYKTYp yrJleso)jopoAOB, HanpHMep 6HUHKJIHT3e-
CKHe Ha(cTeHbI THna AeKaJIHHa HJIH rHApHHAaHa.
Macc-cneKTpoMeTpHgeCKHl3 McTOA onpe.neJieHHSi rpynnoBOro
COCTaBa He#SIHbIX (ppaKUlni OCHOBaH Ha 3aBHCHMOCTH Macc-CneKT-
pa OT CTPYKTYpbI MOJIeKyJlbl. B npouecce HOHII3aUHH, BbI3blBaeMofi
9JIeKTPOHHbIM yAapoM, AJIH Kax{Aoro THna MOJI?KyJlbl xapalcrepxo
npeHMyHjeCTBeHHoe o6pa3oBaxxe onpeAeJIeHHb1X rOMOJIOrHqeCKHX
PxAOB HOHOB. TaK, AJIH napa(l)HHOBbIX yrneBOAOpouoB xapaKTenHO
o6pa3osaHHe HOHOB e - In = 43, 57, 71, 85, 99 (E 43); Hoibi, no-
5IBJIHK)IuHeCSI npH e = 41, 55, 69, 83, 97 (E 41), CCCTO$T B
OCHOBHOM H3 OCKOJIKOB MOJIeKYJI Ha(I.TeHOBbIX H OJIe4)HHOBbIX
yrJIeBOAOpoAOB. aim apoMaTHtlecKHx yrJleBOaOpoAOB xapaKTep-
Hbi Maceba m = 77, 78, 79, 91, 92, 105, 106, 119, 120 H Ap.
(E 77).
CyMMbI BbICOT HHKOB, XapaKTepHbIX AJIH AaHHOrO THna yrJie-
BOAOpOAOB, OTHeceHHble K onpeAeJIeHHOIi CyMMe BbICOT ApyrHX
nHKOB, pe3KO oTJIH4a1OTCH Apyr OT Apyra AJIH pa3JIHqHbIX yrne-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BO2LOpO.I HbIX rpynn. 4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb TaKOTO CyMMapHOrO XapaK-
TepHCTHTIeCKOI'O nHKa IIp5IMO npOIHOpl[IHIOHaJIbHa MOJIeKyJIHpHOMy
Becy. 9TH J>;Ba CBOcICTBa n03BOJIHIOT C4HTaTb CJIO>KHble CMeCH aHa-
.nOrHLIHbIMH CMec IM, COCTO5II1HM H3 HeCKOJIbKHX KOMHOHeHTOB, FI
onpe,LeJI ITb rpynnoBOi3 COMB cMecei nyTeM COBMeCTHOro peuie-
HHH CHCTeMbI JIHHeIIHbIX ypaBHeHHl3.
HaMH 6MIJIa pa3pa6oTana McTO,ILHKa Macc-CnexTpoMeTpHtle-
CKOrO HccJIeaOBaHHH 6eH3HHOB, noJly1aeMbIx B pa3JIH'IHbIx npo-
ueccax nepepa60TKH HecpTH, C BbICOKHM Co.ILep}KaHHeM HenpejleJlb-
HbWX yrJIeso,ILOpoj[oB. COOTBeTCTByIOIuHe McToj[HKH, OHHcaHHble
HeCKOJibKO panee B 3apy6e}KHOIi JIHTepaType, OTHOCHJIHCb JIH6o
K rIPOAyKTaM, He Coj[ep}KaLLHM HenpejjeJlbxbIx yrJleBO1LOpOJLOB,
JIH60 COJLep}KanLHM HX B He3HatHITeJIbHOM KOJIH4eCTBe. Mexc,ay
TeM cogep}KaHHe B 6eH3HHaX BTOpHeIHOrO npOHCXO}KAeHHH Henpe-
,ILeJlbHbIX yrJleBO OPo1LOB pa3JIHLIHbIX THIIOB H pa3JIHnIHOI3 CTeneHLI
HeHaCbIHLeHHOCTH O6yCJIOBJIHBaeT HeKOTOpble cneuncpHgecKHe oco-
6eHHOCTH McTo,L a. HapHJ y C 3THM Ony6JIHKOBaHHble B JIHTepaType
McTOJLbI npeaycMaTPHBaIOT Heo6xo iiMOCTb KaJIH6pOBKH Macc-
CneKTpOMeTpa no HHAHBHJ[yaJlbHbIM KOMHOHeHTaM. OTCyTCTBHe
J[OCTaTOLIHOro KOJIHLIeCTBa IIHCTbIX yrJIeBO.r opO.LOB npensiTCTBOBaJlo
HCHOJIb3OBaHHIO 9THX McTOAOB.
LJIA Toro IITO6bI HCKJIIOTIHTb He06xoaHMOCTb Ka.IH6pOBKH npu-
6opa no LIHCTbIM KOMnoHeHTaM, 6bIJIH yCTaHOBJIeHbI HaH6onee o6-
igHe Macc-CneKTpaJIbHble xapaKTepHCTHKH yrJIeBOJLOPOaHbIX rpynn,
He 3aBHCHLLLHe OT KOHCTpyKTHBHbIX oCO6eHHOCTeIi npH6opa, rITO
nO3BOJIHJIO HPOBOJ[HTb HCCJIeROBaHHe, HCHOJIb3y$I r aHHble no Macc-
CneKTpaM, ony6JIHKOBaHHble B JIHTepaType.
Pa3pa6oTaHHaH McTO)LHKa arajIn3a 3aKJuo iaeTCSi B c.ne,ylo-
LueM: onpej[eafflOT cpeAHHI3 MOJIeKyJIHpHbIII Bec o6pa3ua; qaCTb
o6pa3ua CyJlb(pHPyIOT, noc ie LIero npOH3BO,L 5IT CbeMKy Macc-CneKT-
POB CyJlbcpHpOBaHHOro H HeCyJIb(JHPOBaHHoro npo,uyKTOB; pacctni-
CoAepxcasxe yrnesoAopOAswx rpynn,
sec. %
MacC-CIIeKTpOMeT-
pH4eCKIIhI McTOA
xHMK4ecKHI
McTOA
flapa4MHoable yrneBOAOpoAbl. . . . . . .
19,6
17,2
HalxreHOBbie yrneBOAopOAbl . . . . . .
7,4
3,8
MoHOOnecpHHOBble yr.neBoAopo)tbI
38,6
37,6
f_(HKnoonecpHHOBble, AHOJIe4IHHOBble H aI1 TH-
.neHOBbie yrneBoAopoAbl . . . . . . .
17,4
21,7
ApOMaTHllecxxe yrneaoAopoAbl . ? . . ? .
17,0
19,7
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TbIBaIOT CTpyKTYpHO-rpynnOBOI3 COCTaB no Macc-cneKTpaM. BpeM 1,
3aTpa'IHBaeMOe Ha no4rOTOBKy o5pa3IjOB, aHaJIH3 H pac4IeT, CO-
cTaBJIHJIO 21/2-3 qaca.
B KaqecTBe npHMepa npHBe.IeHbI pe3yJlbTaTbI Macc-cneKTpO-
McTpHqecKOTO HccJIe OBaHHSI 6eH3HHOB KOKCOBaHHH B COnOCTaB-
JIeHHH C f aHHbIMH XHMHgeCKoro aHaJIH3a.
npHBel{eHHble BeJIH4HHbl YKa3bIBaIOT Ha BIIOJIHe yj[OBJIeTBOpH-
TeJIbHOe COBnaAeHne pe3yJlbTaTOB, onpeAeJleHHbIX pa3JIH14HbIMII
McToJ aMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HPEBPAII(EHHJI YrJIEBOAOPOAOB
HA PEHHf-rJIHHO3EMHOM ICATAJIH3ATOPE
B YCJIOBHSIX HOBbIHIEHHbIX TEMHEPATYP
H AA.BJIEHHH BOAOPOAA
M.A.PameHAeBa, X.M.MHHaveB
(HMCTUT7,T op a!tu'leckoa xuuuu
um. H. ,7. 3e iuucicoeo All CCCP, Mocicea)
PeHHIi 6bIJl OTKPbIT B 1925 r. B HacTOSII.uee BpeMH XHMHSI pe-
IiHH noJly4HJIa 3Ha4HTeJIbHOe pa3BHTHe H npej(cTaadIHeT CynieCT-
BeHHbIli npaKTH4eCKHIi HHTepec.
I'IccJIeAOBaHHSI, HOCBSIII[eHHble H3y4eHHI0 KaTaJIHTH4eCKHX
CBOHCTB peHHSI, BeCbMa HeMHOI'o4HCJIeHHbI. HMeeTCH JIHHIb He-
CKOJIbKO pa60T 1-1JIaTOHOBa C COTpyjLHHKaMH no
AerHj(poreHH3auHIi
CHHPTOB Ha peHHeBOM KaTaJIH3aTope.
A. A. BaJIaHAHH Ha OCHOBaHHH HPHHUHna CTPyKTypHOFO COOT-
BeTCTBHH MyJIbTHHJIeTHO1 TeopHH, npeAJI04KeHHOIi HM B 1929 r.,
Bnepabie BbICKa3aJI npeAnoJIo)KeHHe 0 B03MO)KHOCTH aerH2 poreHH-
3auHH IneCTH4JIeHHbIX WIKJIaHOB no CeKCTeTHOMy McXaHH3My Ha
peHHH, TaK KaK nOCJIeAHH13 o6Jla, aeT reKcarOHaJIbHOA peIIIeTKOIi,
HeuaBHo A. A. BaJIaHAHHbIM C COTPyj(HHKaMH BeCbMa nOj[po6-
HO 6bIJIH O6cJIeAOBaHbI KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe CBOIICTBa peHHH B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT cnoco6a npHrOTOBJIeHHSI peHHeBbIX KaTaJIH3aTOPOB H OT
XHMH4ecKOIi nPHPOAbI HocHTe.IIef, HPHMeHeHHbIX npH HaHeCeHHH
3TOP0 McTaJIJIa. Ha npHrOTOBJIeHHbIX KaTaJIH3aTOpaX HccJIeaOBa-
JIaCb aerHAporeHH3auHH uHKJlorexcaHa, H3OnpOfHJ16eH3oJIa H
H. renTaHa. IIpH 3TOM 6bIJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO, 4TO HaH6oJIee aKTHBHbIM
KaTaJIH3aTOPOM AerH,11poreHH3a1HH HBJIHeTCSI peHHI1 Ha aKTHBHPO-
BaHHOM yrJle. KaTaJIH3aTOp, coAepxcamHli 25% peHI3a Ha OKHCH
amOMHHHSI, B peaKUHH jjerHj(poreHH3aIZHH I[HKJIoreK?CaHa OKa3aJIC5i
npaKTH4eCKH HeaKTHBHbIM.
HaMH 6bIJIH HCCJIeAOBaHbI KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe CBOI1CTBa peHHH,
OTJIO)KeHHOrO Ha OKHCH aJIIOMHHHH, B YCJIOBHIX nOBbIIHeHHbIX TeM-
nepaTyp (470-480?) H aaBJIeHHSI BCAopoAa (20 aThl) B ycTaHOB-
xe IIpOTO'HOrO THna. 06'beKTaMH HccJIeAOBaHHH 6bIJIH IjHKJlorex-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
caH, McTHJIUHKJIOHeHTaH H H.reKCaH. npeJjBapHTeJIbHble OHbITbt
HOKa3aJIH, TTO peHHli Ha OKHCH aJIIOMHHHH SIBJIHeTC$I XOPOUIHM
Z(erH,gpHpyloujHM KaTaJIH3aTopoM. B pe3yJlbTaTe J(erHJZporeHH3a-
uHH IjxxJIOrexcaxa yJ aeTCH HOJIytIHTb 60Jiee 50% 6eH3oJIa.
BbIJIH T3K}Ke OupeaeJIeHbI yILeJlbHaSI HOBepXHOCTb H peHTreHO-
cTpyKTypa HCCJIeJ[OBaHHbIX KaTaJIH3aTOpoB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ROHTAETHO-RATAJIITHiIECI HE HPEBPAHWEHI4}I
HOPMAJIbHbIX AJIIiAHOB,
BXOAJIMHX B REPOCHHO-rA3OIIJIEBYIO (DPARAHIO
HE(DTH
H. r. BeRaypH, H. H. HIyiKHH
(Iiucruryr. opsauu'cecxou xu uu u.i. H. A. 3eauucicoso AH CCCP, Mocxea;
Hucruryr xul6uu um. H. I'. Meau,uuceuau AH Ppy3CCP)
KepocaHo-ra3o1 .ileBasI 4 paKAH5I Hec1ITH C TeMnepaTypoli 'KHne-
HHH 190-350? B OCHOBHOM HIBJISIeTCH AH3eJlbHbIM H peaXTHBHbIM
TOIIJIHBOM, B COCTaB KOTOpOro BXOAHT no 35% HOp'MaJIbHbIX aJIKa-
H?OB COMM CIIH24 - C20H42, npHCYTCTBHe KOTOpbIX yxy.uiaeT
MOTOpHble CBOI1CTBa TORJIHBa BCJIe,IZCTBHe BbICOKOfi TeMnepaTypbl 3a-
CTbIBaHHH. 1-103TOMy 06bIIlHO 'npoH3BOA5IT ee AenapacJH'HH3a,IjHio
06pa6OTKOIi MoqeBHHOii HJIH BbIMopa)KHBaHHeM.
L[eJIbIO Hacroslujex pa60TbI 6bIJIH H3yleHHe yCJIOBHIi H3OMepI1-
3aIjHH HH.IjHBHAyaJIbHbIX HOpMaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB, BXOAAIILHX B J1aH-
HYIO (ppaKIuHK), H noJiyqeHHe 60JIee BbIrOAHbIX CTPYKTYPHbIX ()OPM
yrJIeBOAOpoJjOB, y.Iy'IIIIaIOli HX xaYecTBo ropmero.
OnbITbI npOB'OAHJIHCb npH fnOBbIIneHHbIX TeM,nepaTypax H JiaBJIe-
HHHX BOAop'OAa B IIpHCyTCTBHH OKHCHOMeTaJIJIHtIeCKHX KaTaJIH3aTO-
pOB B annapaTe npOTOLIHo'r0 THna. IIpH 3TOM, 'KaK 6bIJIO yCTaHOB-
JIe?HO COBeTCKH'MH H HHOCTpaHHbIMiH aBTOpaMH, AaBJieHHe BOAopoJ[a
3Ha,qHTeJIbHO fOBbILlaeT yCTOIiqHBOCTb BTHX KaTaJIH3aTOpOB np'H AO-
BOJIbHO BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax H n03BOJISIeT OCymeCTBHTb H ()HK-
CHpOBaTb rJIy6OKHe H pa3'H'oo6pa3Hble inpespauLexxx yrJIeBo'AOpo-
AOB.
B 3TOM HanpaBJIeH,HH 6bIJIH HCCJIeAOBaHbI npeBpaujexnx HOp-
MaJIbHbIX yHAeKaHa, JjO,L eKaHa, TpHAeKaHa, TeTpaAeKa'Ha, neHTa-
AeKaHa H reKCaAeKaHa B npHCYTCTBHH 0,5% Pt H 0,5% Pd, HaHe-
ceH'HbIX Ha OKHCb aJIK)MHHHA H ryM6pHH. B Tex }Ke yCJIOBHSIX 6biJlo
H3y,IeHO BJIHHHHe npHpOAHOr0 H aKTHBHpOBaHHO'ro ryM6pHHa Ha
CTeneHb npeBpaujeHHSI 'HOpMaJIbHOrO reKcaAeKaHa. C 'IjeJIblO noAaB-
JIeHHH arpecdHBHOro AeACTBHB ryM6pnna o'nbiTbl rIpo3'0JjHJIHCb B
npHCCYTCTBHH XJIOpHCTOrO IIjHHKa (20%), HaHeCeHHoro Ha aKTHBIi-
POB HHbHIa ryM6pHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
YCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO OHTHMaJ1I Hbre yCJIOBI1H npeBpaIItexxx MOp-
MaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB C o6'pa30BaHHeM H30(,OpM H rip-OJjyKTOB gaCTHiI-
HOIO rHApoKpeKHHra CJIeLyIou He: TeMTTepaTypa 450?, aaBjieHHe
30 aTM BO.L opoJ a, MOJISIPHOe OTHOTITeHHe BOAOPOIIa K yrJleBO1W O-
Ay 3: 1 H O6'beMHax CKOPOCTb HporlyCKaHHH yrJleBOAOpoAa 0,5
./lcac Ha 1 A 'KaTaJIFI3aTopa.
fIOKa3aH-o, WO upespaHzeHH5 H,opMaJlbHoro rexcaAexaxa BB yxa-
3a,HHbIX YCJIOBHBX 'B 'KOHTaKTe c HPHPOAHbIM H a'KTHBHpOBaH'HbIM
ryM6pHHOM BeCbMa CXOAHbI, TOPAa KaK 1(e1CTBHe aKTHBHpOBaHHOrO
ryM6pHHa, HpOHHTaHHoro paCTBOpOM XJIOpHCTOro IIHHKa (20%),
pe3'KO OTJIHqaeTC5 OT arpecCHBHOPO AeI1CTB'HH TLIHC'POTO 'Iym6pIIHa;
B '3TOM CJIygae HpH6JIH3HTeJIhH0 B TPH pa3a yMeHbinaeTCSI o6pa3o-
BaHHe ra30B rH1IPOKpe'KHHra H 3aMeTHO yBeJIHgHBaeTCSI BbIXOa
{paKIIHH, BbIKHHaIOII[eH Ao 100? H COCTOSIII.Ief B OCHOBHOM H3 H30-
Mep'Hblx aJIKaHOB.
FIpH (KaTaJIH3e HopMaJlbHbIX yiL eKaHa, AO)IeKaHa, TpHAeKaHa,
TeTpaAeKaHa, rleHTaAeKa,Ha If reKcaAeKaHa B HpHCyTCTBHH 0,5% Pt
H 0,5% Pd, HaHeCeHHbIX Ha 'OKHCb aJHOMHHHSI H 'Ha ryM6pHH, IIpOHC-
X'OAHT HpespallleHHH, BeAymHe :K CyMeCTBeHHOMy yJTyliWeHHIO MO-
TOpHbIX CBOiiCTB o6pa3yIOIIIHXCA HpOAYKTOB H3OMepH3aIIH'H H tia-
CTINHOII apoMaTH3aLu{H; 3TO yJIyzIIIIeHHe ?Bbrpa}KaeTCH rJIaBHbIM o6-
pa30M B YBeJTHqeHHH TefJIOTBOpHOId CHOCO6HOCTH OT 80 Ao
300 KKaA/Ice H B CHH}KeHHH TeMHepaTypbI 3aCTbIBaHHH Ha 16-48,5?.
B HaCTOHIIIee BpeMSI 3Ta pa60Ta HaMH TIpoJOJnKaeTcsI C gpyriT-
MH HOpMaJIbHbIMH aJIKaHaMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
IIOJIY=IEHHE AHHOHH16IX IIOBEPXHOCTHO-AI{THBHbIX
BEIRECTB H3 HE(DTI, HEOTJIHbIX, BYPOYFOJIbHbIX,
CJIAHIJEBbIX ICI TOP D}IHbIX A1CTHJIJIfITOB
M. A. reiMaa, A. A. Jlapan
(HuCTuTgr xegTu AH CCCP, Mocxea)
34x eKTHBHOCTb MHOIIHX TCXHOJIOrHtieCKHX I1pO11,e000B A06bI'XIH
He4YrH H no1(rOTOB'KH ee K inepepa6OTKe, H3BJIetIeHHSi IMeTaJIJIOB H3
pyA, pa4 aHai uH Me,AH, Ao6bItIH 4)OCipaTOB, H3POTOBJIeHHH MOIOMHX,
gHCTSIIII;HX H iHHrH6H'pyfolgHx cpeAcTB, BJIaCTH4M1KaTOpOB H CMatIH-
BaTeneK B CTpOHTeJIbCTBe - Bee 3TO 3aBHCHT B OOHOBHOM OT KaTIe-
CTBa H aCCOPTHMeHTa nOBepXHOCTHo-aKTHBHbIX Bea eCTB, KOTOpble
MO}KHO JDOJIyqaTb llpoMbIUlJIel{HbIIM nyTeM. MactoBOcTb noTpe6Jie-
HHIi nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX BeuIeCTB Tpe6yeT HIHPOKOIt H AOCTyn-
HOFI cbipbeBOI3 6a3bi AJISi Hx nOJlytieHHH H npoc'ro geIIIeBOf TeXHO-
JIOPHH H3rOTOBJIeHHSI.
HCTOtIHHKOM nonyuexui noBepxHocTHo-aKTHBHbIX ?BeuAeCTB B
CaMOM 'InHpOKOM AHana3oHe cJieAyeT ctIHTaTb aKTHBHble ('noJiflp-
Hble) Hecf TH, Ha.npHMep nOAKHpMaKH-HCKyIO (Baxy, JTeHHHHe4)Tb),
KpaCHOKaMCKYIO H a3JIaHCKY1O (yrJIeHOCHaSI CBHTa), necpTHHbie npH-
MoreHHbie H KaTaJIHTHgecmHe AHCTHJIJI$ITbI C AOCTaTOTiHO BbICOKHM
coAep}KaHHeM apOMaTHKH (!KCpoCIPH, TOBapabift ra3ofJlb, JierKIlli ra-
3oiiJ1b, KaTaJIHTHtieCKaSi 4pJlerMa), a Taio a AerTH H HX AHCTHJIJIHTbI,
no.nytiaeMbie n'pH TepMHtieCKoii nepepa6oTKe cJi,ainleB,,6ypbix yrneii
H Top#, coAepaKau He ap-OMaTHwIecxHe yrrIeBoAopoAbI, a TaK}Ke tie-
KOTOpble cepHWTble coeAHHeHHSI gIfiKJIHtiIeCT{OrO CTp.OeHHH.
CHHTe3HpOBa.Hbi, HccJIeAOBa'HbI H BHeApeHb2 B ,Ii'poMbunJIel-IHocTb
Beu1eCTBa THna aC-PAC (AeTepreHT CoBeTCKHH - pai(pHHHpOBaH-
Hbie aJr'KHJIapHJICyJIb(loHaTbI). OHH gBJIgIOTC51 BoJOpaCTB'OpnMbIMH
noBePXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIM'H Beu);ecTBaMH aHHOHHOPO THna, o6JiaAaio-
III;HMH MOIOIIZHMH, CM?atIHBa}o11 HMH H iHHrH6HpyIOIIWMH cBOIiCTBaMH.
3TH CBOrICTBa onpeAeJIHIOTcx opraHHtiecKoH MacTbIO, 3aBHcHu of OT
COCTaBa HCXOAHOPO CbIpbH H McTOAa ero nepepa6OTKH, a TaKxce OT
KaTHOHa co.ieIi, noJlytiaeMbix H3 cyJIb4)MIcJIOT.
TexH'OJioruSi noJiygeHH'H ~noBepxHocTHO-aKTHBHbIX Bea eCia H3
aPOMaTHKH Hec THHbIX H ApyrHX AHCTHJIJISIT'OB 3aKJ11OtiaeTCH B CyJIb-
7 3axa3 N8 1010 97
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(p Hp'OBaHHH 'H'CXOAnOrO npOAyKTa 'Cep,HblM a'HPHApHAOM, cepH01i KHC-
JIOTOII, B 3KCTpaxjjHH, npOMbIB'Ke, HecTpaJIH3aIl4HH H riOJiyTieHHH rO-
TOBOPO HpoAyKTa B 'BH,ge CH'pona, naCTbl HJIH n0'pOarKa. Pa3'pa6OTa-
HbI ABa McTOAa CyJIb(~ HpOBaHHSI apOMaTHKH H3 AH'CTHJIJISITOB: CyJib-
(4HpOBaHHe Ha CMecb CyJIb(pOKHCJIOT H CyJlb(4HpOBa'HHe, AHCJ(pepeH-
IZH'pOBaHHOe Ha C'yJlb(pOKHCJIOTbI, p-aCTB'OpHMble B yrJIeBOAOpoAHOi3
cpeAe (IKOHTaKT) H HepaCTBO'pHMble (KHCJIbIII ryJ(pOH). CyJIb' pHp'0-
Ba'HHe HO nepB'oMy Cnoco6y 3Haq'HTeJIbHO InIOBbIHIaeT BbIXOAbl AC-
PAC (HanpHMep, H3 ra30flJlH KaTaJIHTHqeCKOPO IKpeKHHra, coAep-
xcatgero Ao 40% apoMaTHTieCxHx yrJieBOAOpOA'OB, 35% aKTHBHOro
BemeCTBa Ha HCXO)jHoe Cbrpbe).
CyJIb(f HposaHHe cepHHCTbIX AHCTHJIJIHTOB, HOMHMO yAaJIeHHSI
apOMaT'HTqeCKHX yrJIeBOAopoAOB, HO3BOJI.9eT noJiyIaTb BbICOKOOLIH-
Tn.enHbII3 OT CepbI J[HCTHJIJIHT, HCrIbITaHHH KOTOpOrOnOKa3aJIH, TiTO OH
MO)KeT HaATH npHMeHeHHe B Ka4IecTBe 'MOTOpHOJO TonJIHB,a H AJIR
XHMH,ieCKOI3 nepepa6OTKH Ha nOBepXHOCTHO-aIKTHBHble BeuieCTBa
(Cy.llb(OHOJI, 3KHpHbie H OKCHKHCJIOTbI).
BbIJIO npHMeHeHo 3KC'rpaKiwOHHO'e H3BJIe'IeHHe 1HOBepXHOCTHO-
aKTHBHbIX BeUI,eCTB H3 CyJIb4)HpOBaHHOI3 nOJISI'pHOI%I (aKTHB'HOf)
He(pTH, H3On'pOn1HJI,OBbIIM CfH'pTOM, H3 KOTOpOPO B AaJIb'HeHU1eM IIy-
TeM pa(r,HHaUHH noayliaJin OJieO(~HJIbHbIH (Mac.mopaCTBOpHMbllii)
npOAyKT FCH, o6JiaAaioII)'.Hfi BbICOKOI3 aKTHBHOCTbIO Ha rpaH'Hae
C BOA OR QI HBJIAIOII. fICSI XOpOIII'HM 3MyJIbraTOpOM aim nOJiyTIeHHH
CMa30K.
TaK KaIK COJIH BbIC'OKOM,oJIeKyJISTpHbIX Heq)TSIHbIX CyJIb4JOKH
CJIOT - nOBepXHOCTHO-a'KTHBHble BeweCTBa aHHOHHO'PO THna, cno-
co6Hble paCTBOpITbCS1 B yrJIeBOJ[OpOJ[HbIX cpeAax m H3MeHHTb HX
CBOI-ICTBa, TO 'noJlyleHHe OJIeO(I4JIbHbIX nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX
BelII,eCTB 6bIJIO oCyIIjeCTBJIeHo T8K}Ke H CJIe,gy10UJHM nyTeM: pa3JIHiI-
Hble JuIcTHJIJI'HTHble JMacJla, nOJIyT-iaeMbie H3 He(pTH xioc.ne cep'HoKIHC-
JIOTHOI3 OT-IHCTKH, 3KCTparm,pOBaJi,H pacTBOIpHTeJr'Sl'MH C noCJIeJiylo1l[eI%
o6pa6oTKoR 3KCTpaKTOB HefTpaJIH3yIOIIZHMH OCHOBaHHHMH; noJiy-
TIeHHble CyJIb(4OHaTbI BbIAeJISIJIH H OTIHII):aJIH.
B KaTaeCTBe HCTOTjHHKa noiiyieHHSI OJICO{HHJIbHbIX CyJlb~OHaTOB
6bIJIH HCCJieAOBaHbI :H pa3JIHtlHbie .L HCTHJIJIHTbI aevrefi, inOJIyTialo-
II]',HXCH B npoMbinIJleHHbIX rlpoueccaX TepIMH'TIeCK0 i nepepa60T'KH
yrnISi, cJIaHua H Top(pa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CHIHTE3 3TAJIOHHbIX YPJIEBOAOPOAOB
AJIH ICCJIEAOBAHHH JIHPPO1IHO-I{EPOCHHOBbIX
cDPARIJUn, 1,2-AH3AMEll EHHbIE IIHI{JIOHEHTAHh1
(Mocxoecruu eocyOapCTeeuubsu if7LUeepcurer u.ns. M. B. .,Yomomocosa)
HocJIeJ oBaHHe HHAHB,HAyaJIbH.OPO COMM 6CH3HH'OB puAa OTe-
4eCTBeHHbIX Heq)TeII noKa3aJlo, TO B HOCJIeAHHX COJ.[ep3KaTCH 1XHK-
JIoneHTaHOBble yI'JIeBOAOpOAbI C OAHHM, ABYMH H TpeMH 3aMeCTHTe-
JIHMH. KOJIHqeCTBO 'CHHTe3HpOBaHHbIX AO HacTOSIMerO BpeMOHH
1, 2-AH3aMeu eHHbIX IZHKJIOIIeHTaHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOJOB HeBeJIHKO:
TO II.HC- H TpaHC-H30Mepbl 1, 2-AHMeTHJ1-, 1-MCTHJI-2-3THJI-, 1, 2-
AH3THJI-, 1-MeTHJI-2-H. IIponHJI-, 1-MeTHJI-2-H. 6yTHJI- H 1, 2-,aHq)e+
HHJIUHKJIoneHTaHa.
HaMH CHHTe3HpoBaHbI 1=3THJI-2-'H. fnpOrHJI-, 1-3THJI-2-H. 6yTHJI-
H 1, 2-,z H-H. 6yTHJIUHKJIoneHTaHbI, KOTOpble 6bIJIH pa3AeJIeHbw Ha IjH'C-
H TpaHc-H30MepbI. KpoMe TOPO, 6bIJIH IIOJiyqeHbI 1-MCTHJI-2-43eHHJI-
H I-3THJI-2- 4 eHHJIuHKJIorIeHTaHbI, BbIJ JIeHHble TOJIbKO B BHAe
Tpa,HC-H30MepoB.
C IZejIbio HOJIy'IeHHSI KOHesIHbIX yI'JIeBOAOpOAOB BbICOKOcI CTeneHH
4HCTOTbI, KOTOpble MOFJIH 6bI CJIy?KHTb 3TaJIOHaMH TlpH HccJIetjOBa-
HHH He4 Tei, cxeMa CHHTe3.a 6bIJia H36paHa TaKOIi, 'no6bI HCKJHO-
1IHTb BO3MO)KHOCTb TIOJIY'Ie'HHSI B KO,He2IHOI CTai(HT3 H3oMepOB C
HHbIM Ho.nO)K HH 'M 3aMeCTHTeJIeI{, a HMeHHO:
0 RMgBr R H2O H,p,
11I HCOOH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
rAe R = C2H5 R'= CHCH3 R" = H.C3H7, H. C4H9, CBHb
R = H.C3H7 R'= CHCH2CH3
R = H.C4H9 R'= CHCH2CH2CH3 R" = H.C4H9
R = CBHb R"=CH3
R = CH3 R"=CBHb
C TOR )Ke ueJIb1O HpoBOjuHJlacb TMaTeJIbxaH oqHCTKa Ha Bcex
cTaAHHx.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, IITO npH AerHApaTauxH I-aJIKHJIII;HKJIoneHTaHO-
JIOB-1 (II) HaCMIIueHHbIM paCTBOpOM igase ieBofi KHCJIOTbI o6pa3y-
IOTCH He TOJIbKO HenpeAeJlbHble YPJleBOAOpOAbI C ABOI3'HOFi CBH3bIO B
WTKJIe (III), ?KaK 3T0 o6bITIHo IIpHHHMaalocb, HO U YrJIeB0A0POAb1 C
ceMHUHKJIH1qeCKOfi ABOIiH0i3 CB513blO (IV) B COOTHOIH HHH IIpHMepHO
7 : 1. HcCJIeAOBaHHe CneKTPOB KOM6HHa1jHOHHOI'o pacceSIHHH fOA-
TBepAHJIO HX CTpYKTypy. COIIOcTaBJIe,HHe KOHCTaHT I-aJIKHJIuHKJIO-
neHTeHOB-I (III) H aJIKHJIHAeHIHKJIoneHTaHOB (IV) nOKa3bIBaeT,
1ITO pa3HOCTb TeMnepaTy'p KaneHHH C YBeJIHTieHHeM AJIHHbI 6OKOBON
germ pe3Ko yMeHblllaeTCH.
flpH OKHCJIeHHH I-aJIKHJIAHKJloneHTeHOB-1 (III) HaAMypaBbH-
HOfI KHCJIOTOH B OA'Hy CTaAHIO 6bIJIH nOJIy'-IeHbI 2-aJIKHJIUHKJloned-
TaHOHbI-I (V) C Bbixo,r 66-67% OT TeopeTfYecKoro. B ApyrHX
YCJIOBHHX o6pa6OTKH lnpOAYKTOB OKHCJIeHHH 6bIJI'H nOJiyTIeHbI MOHO-
(pop'MHaTbT I-aJI1KHJIuH'KJIOneHTaHAHOJIOB-1, 2 c BbIXOAOM 46-62%
OT TeopeTHIIeC'KOPO, KOTOpble npH rHApOJIH3e Aa}0T 1-aJIKHJiI HKJIO-
neHTaHAHOJIbI-1, 2 C BbIXOAOM 90-98% OT TeopeTHqeCKOTO.
BLIJIH maytIeHbI Tax}Ke 2-aJIKHJI'wHKJIOneHTaHOHMI-1 (V) AerHA-
paTauHei3 I-aJIKHJIuHKJIoneHTaHAHOJIOB-1, 2 C BbIxoAOM 76-83% H
HIDH OTIueHJIeHHH MYpaBbHHOii KHCJIOTbl OT MOHOc )OpMHaTOB rJIHKO-
Jiefl B KHCJIOfi cpeae C BbIXOAOM 71-82% OT TeopeTHgeC'KOTO.
II-PH OKHCJIeHHH I-aJIKHJIuHKJIoneHTeHOB-I HapSIAy c 2-aJIKHJI-
gHKJIOneHTaHoHaMH-1 o6pa3yeTC51 TaK)Ke 4-5% HenpeAeJlbHbIX
aJIKHJIUHKJioneHTaHOHOB; KpoMe Toro, IIPOHCXOAHT paciuerIJIeHHe
UHKJJac. o6pa30BaHHeM KeTOxHCJI0T (2,5-14,2% OT TeopeTHqe-
CKOro), npHLIeM c YBeJIIIHeHUeM AJIHHbI 6oj oBOI-I. uerIH 1-aJIKHJI-
IHKJIOneHTeHa-I BbIXOA KeTOKHCJIOT nOBbllnaeTCH.
11'pH OKHCJIeHHH 1-4)eHHJIUHKJIOneHTeHa-1 B 6owiee ?KeCTKHX yC-
JIOBHHX BbIXOA cooTBeTCTBeHHOPO KeTOHa yMeHbinaeTCH AO 37%, a
BbIXOA KeTOKHCJIOTbI B03pa'CTaeT Ao 30% Te0peTmeCKOF0.
143 2-aJIKHJI- H 2-(4eHHJIuHKJIOneHTadiOHOB-1 H aJIKHJIMarHHN-
ra.IoreHHAOB 6bIJIH noJlyqeHbI 1, 2-AHaJIKHJI- m 1-aJIKHJI-2-(peHHJI-
gHKJIoneHTaHoJIbI-1 (VI) c BbIX0A0M 50-72% (OMecb IWC- H
TpaHC-H3oMepOB). gerHapaTauHefi 9THX CnHpTOB 6bIJIH noJlygeHbI
flenpelleJlbHbie yrjieBoAopoAbl (VII) (CMecb H30MepOB c pa3JIHTIHbrM
nOJIO}KeHHeM ABOHHOfI CBH3H).
100
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I'HApxposaHHeM ABy3aMetueHHblx AHKnoneHTeHOB Ha XonOAy B
npxcyTCTBHH Pt-yrns H Pd-LIepHH 6binx nonyueHbi 1, 2- AHa.nKH.n-
IuHxnoneHTaHbI H 1-anKHn-2-:(peHHnuHKnoneHTaHbI (VIII). flepBbie
pa3AeneHbl Ha wic- H TpaHC-H3oMepbl nyTeM neperoHKH B BaKyylvle
Ha 'KOnOHKe 3(3(pe'KTHBHOCTb1O 80 TeOpeTHLIeCKHX TapenOK. LI,HC- H
TpaHC-H30Mepbi o6pa3oBanHCb B COOTHOIneHnH npHMep,HO I : 5.
1-aJIKHn-2-(peHHJIuHKnoneHTaHbI nonylieHbi TOnbKO B BHAe TpaHC-
H3oMepa.
KOH4)HrypauHx nOnyLIeHHbIM H3OMepaM npHHHCaHa Cornacx0
npaBHay Aysepca - CKHTa.
Ha OCHOBaHHH H3yLIeHHH KOHCTaHT nOny'leHHbIX yrneBOA0pOAOB
CneAyeT, qTO pa3HOCTH TeMnepaTyp KHneHHH, ITnOTHOCTeH H nOKa3a-
TeneH npenOMneHHH IUHC- H TpaHC-H3OMepOB C yBenH1leHHeM MOne-
Kyn'SIPHOrO Beca yMeHbIIIaIoTCH.
I-IpaBHnbHOCTb Bb16paHHOH CXeMbI CHHTe3a H McTOAOB OIIHCTKH
noATBepx(AaeTc'si CTeneHblo IIHCTOTbI HOnytIeHHbIX npenap-aTOB, paB-
HOH, HanpHMep, aim 1, 2-A'H-H. 6yTH LUIKnoneHTaxa 99,75%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MHRPO3JIEMEHTbI HE DTEII A3EPBAIRIAHA
A. H.3ymi, yrap.lai
(A3ep6aua3fcaucuuu zocyaapcreeuubau yuueepcurer u.nt. C. M. ICupoea, Baicy)
CyIIjHOCTb npogecca HaKOnJIeHHH B He(jJTH XHMH'-IeCKHX 3JIeMeH-
TOB, HOJIytIHBIIIHX Ha3BaHHe KaTC51 MHKpo3Jle-
McHTbI B He(~TH?
LI oCTOBepHO H3BeCTHO, LITO B He(~TS!X Coaep}KaTCH McTaJIJio-nop-
(4HpIIHOBble KOMnJIeKCbI, B qaCTHOCTH, BaHaAHeBo-nOp'(1)n'pnHOBble H
3KeJIe3O-HOp(4HpHHOBble KOMnJIeKcbI.
14MeIOHI,IIec5i AaHHbIC yKa3bIBaloT Ha TO, 'ITO KaK HIIKeJIeBO-nOp-
()HpHHOBble KOMrIJIeKCbI, TaK H fOp4)HpHHOBble KOMnJIeKCbI BaHaJHSI
CBSI3aHbI C 6HOXpoMaiMH HCXOAHbIX OpPaHH3MOB. 3TH KOMrIJIeKCbI
o6pa30BaJIH'Cb B He(JTeMaTepHH'CKOH nop'oAe B pe3yJlbTaTe 3aMeuze-
HHSI MarHHH (H }KeJIe3a) B HApax 6HoxpOMOB BaHaAHeM H HHKeJIeM.
B03MO)KHOCTb TaKOrO 3aMeuleHHH AOKa3aHa BKCHepHMeHTaJIbHO.
BaHaAHH H HHKeJIb, 3aMeujaBmHe MarHHH (H xmne30), HaXO-
ZIHJIHCb B MO'pCKOM HJie, KOTOpbIH, KaK yKa3bIBaeT A. H. BHHorpa-
AOB, 'o6oralueH 3THMH 3JIeMeHTaMH 3a cieT AeTpHTOB opraHH3MOB.
TaKm'M o6pa3OM, B$aHaAHH, HHKeJIb, )Keiie30 (H, BO3MO?KHO, A''pyrue
3JIeMeHTbI) B BHAe IIOp'()HpFHOBbIX KOMnJIeKCOB IIOSIBHJIHCb eiue B
Heq)TeMaTepH'HCKOH HOpOAe B MOMeHT o6pa3O'BaHHH He(~TH. CJIeAo-
BaTeJIbHO, BanaAHH, HHKeJIb H }KeJIe3o, o6pa3YIOUlne McTaJIJPO-'nOp-
q)HpHHOBble KOMrIJIeKCbI, a TaK)Ke CaMH n'Op(JHpHHbI OTHOCSITCH K
HCXO)lHbIM He#eMaTepHHCKHM OpraHH3Ma'M 'n B 3TOM CMblcJie SIB-
JISIK)TCSI nepBw--IHbIMH.
O6cy}KAaeMa5i 'npo6JieMa pHCyeTcH 'HaM B CJIeAYIOu eM BHAe:
AeTpHT HCXOAHbIX He4TeMaTepHHOKHx opraHH3MOB o6oraII1,aJI 1Mop-
CKOI HJI coAepKan.IHMHCSH B 3TIIX opraHH3Max H BbIHOJIH51BHIHMIf
B HHX onpeAe.IeHHyIO ()H3HOJIorHTIeCKyIO pOJIb BaHaAHeM, HHKeJIeM,
?KeJie3OM, Ko6aJIbTOM, MapraHlleM H apyrHMH BJIeMeHTaMH.
I'ICX'OAHble opraHH3MbI, noCM'epTHble OCTaTKH 'KOTOpbIX 06pa30-
BaJIH He(JTb, B pa3JIHLIHbIX reoJlorH'-IeCKHX np'OBIIHIIHHX MorJIH 6bITb
He HAeHTHiIHbIMH. OA'HH H Te ice BHAbI OpraHI43-MOB, o'-IeBHAHO, CO-
Aep)KaJIH pa3JIH'I'Hbie KOJIHTIeCTBa OaHOPO H Toro )KC 3JIeMeHTa. HeT
COMHeHHSI, LITO Hapc(Ay C ApYrHMH cpaKTopaMH pa3JImIIIe B KOJIHLIe-
103
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CTBeHHOM 3JIeMeHTapHOM COCTaBe opraHH3MOB Hrpano Basxxyto
pOJIb B HeOAHHaKOBOH CTeneHH o6oratgeHHH MOPCKHX HJ OB MHKpO-
3JIeMeHTaMH.? Pa3nH4Hoe xce o6oralgeHHe MOB MHKPO3JIeMeHTaMH,
BepOSITHO, oKa3aJlocb 'npHtiH'HOIi Toro, WO MHHepanbHble 4{OMIIOHeH-
TbI He4)Tefi pa3nHtlHblx reonorHtiecKHX IIpOBHHAHI3 oTJIHgalo'PCSI apyr
OT Apyra.
B CBeTe yxa3aHHbix abHHe AorlyMeHHH HeoAma'xoBOe coAepxta-
HHe OAHHX H TeX }Ke MHKPO3neMeHTOB B pa3nHtl'HbIX He4 rsIX (pa$-
JIH'YHbIX perxoxoB H Bo3paCTOB), BHAHMO, MO}KHO 06'b$IC'HHTb .pa3-
JIHtIH51MH HCXOAHbIX 'He(ITeMaTep'HHCKHx OpraHH3MOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(DOPMAJIbAEI`HRHbIn CHOCOB PA3AEJIEHHH
OCHOBHbIX KOMIIOHEHTOB CbIPOPO AHTPAIJEHA
H HEKOTOPME IIYTH HCIIOJIb3OBAHHH RAPBA30JIA
JI. II. KyneB, B. H. JIonaTHHCKHA
(TO.btciiut no UTCxuugec Ui UUCTUTyT)
HCnOJIb30BaHHe Kap6a30.TIa KaK 1IpOMbII1JIeHHOJO Cblpbil Bee elue
OCTaeTCSI COBepmeHHO HeAOCTaTOtiHbIM H AaileKO He COOTBeTCTByeT
ero nOTeHIIHaJIbHbIM pecypcaM.
HapsiAy c IIOHCKaMH HOBbIX nyTeR npHMeHeHHH Kap6a3ojia n0-
npex(HeMy He yTpaTHJIH CBoeIi aKTyaJIbHOCTH H BOnpOCbl, CBA3aH-
Hbie c pa3pa6OTKoIi 34Xf eKTHBHbIX +H 3KOHOMHtIeCKH BbITOAHbIX
Cnoco6OB BbIAe.IeHHH t1HCTbIX KOM'HOHeHTOB H3 cbiporo aHTpa3UeHa.
143 MHOrHX cnoco6oB pa3?I[eJIeHHH Kap6a3ojia H allTpaueHa HaH6o-
Jlee peHTa6eJIbHbIM ct(HTaeTCH HHpHAHHOBbnl Cnoco6. 06JIaAaSI 6ec-
CnOpH&MH AOCTOHHCTBaMH, 3TOT Cn0C06 He JIHIIIe'H, OAHaxo, paAa
CyIIZeCTBeHHbIX HeAocTaTKOB (BbICOKaR TOKCHtIHOCTb nHPHAHHOBbIX
OCHOBaHHli, 3HatlHTeJIbHbie nOTepH HX npH perexepauHH, Ae(pHUHT-
HOCTb nHPHAHHOBbIX OCHOBaHHII npH OpraHH3aUHH KpynHOTOHHa}K-
HOTO HPOH3BO,gCTBa Kap6a3ojia H AP.). H3 XHMHtIeCKHX CHOCO60B
pa3AeJieHHx Kap6a3ojia H allTpaueHa Hy)KHO OTMeTHTb q)OpMaJIb-
AerHAHbIII cnoca6, OCHOBaHHbIII Ha B3aHMOAeiiCTBHH Kap6a3ojia H
4)OpMaJlbAerHAa c o6pa3oBaHHeM N-OKCHMeTHJIKap6a3OJIa. 3T0
nPOH3BOAH0e Kap6a3ojia OgeHb XOpOIIIO pacTBOpHMO B 60JIbinHH-
CTBe OpraHHt1eCKHX pacTBOpHTeJIef, JierKO OTAeJISIeTCH OT aHTpa-
ueHa H npH KHHHtieHHH C BOAHbIMH paCTBOpaMH meJiotleli HJIH npH
o6pa6oTxe BOAHHbIM napoM HaueJiO pa3JIaraeTCH Ha (1OpMaJlbjle-
rH)j H Kap'6a3oJl. Pa3pa6oTKe (4opMaJlbjjerHAHoro cnoco6a nOCBH-
IUeHbI HCCJIeAOBaHHI MHxa3JiI (1923 r.), B. B. Maxcoposa
(1929 r.), lOpa H OAa (1940 r.), OAHBKO B HHX OTCyTCTByIOT MHO-
rHe AaHHble, Heo6XOAHMble Aim ocymeCTBJIeHHH YKa3aHHOFO cno-
co6a B nPOH3BOACTBeHHbIX yCJIOBHSIX.
Ha,MH npOBe,i[eno AeTaJlbHOe H3ytieHHe Bcex CTa)wi npouecca,
BKJIIOga5I perexepaurnO pearnpyioluHX BelIAeCTB H paCTBOpHTeJIeu,
HaIiAeHbi OIITHMaJIbHble yCJIOBNH o6pa3OBaHHSI N-IOKCHMeTHJiKap-
6a3oJIa H HC1IbITaHbI HeKOTOpble HOBble KaTaJIH3aTOpbi; XOpOIIIHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pe3yJIbTaTbl nOJlytieHbI C npHMeHeHHeM raIIIeHofi H3BeCTH H ee cMe-
cex C CyJlb4)aTOM HaTpHH, To M03KeT npeACTaBJIHTb onpeAeJleHHbIN
3KOHOMHlqeOKHI3 HHTepec. PereHepa4HSI Kap6a30JIa AOCTHraJTacb,,ny-
TeM pa3Jlo}KeHHSi N-OKdHMeTHJIKap6a3oJIa BOAHbIMH paCTBOpaMH
aMMHa'Ka npH KHnHtIeHHH; noJTytia1oH1,HFICH npH 3TOM ypOTponHH
(98%-Hblil) Jierxo OTAeJIHeTCSI OT Kap'6a3oJIa H M0}KCT 6bITb HC-
IIOJIb3oBaH AJI5I pa3JIHxIHbIX TeXHHLieCKHX IueJiei . O,nbITbl CTaBHJIHCb
C gHCTbIM Kap6a3OJIOM, HCKyCCTBeHHbIMH CMeCHMH erO H CbLpbIM aH-
TpaLjeHOM KeMepOBCKOrO KOKCOXHMwIeCKOro 3aBOAa (B n0CJIeAHeM
CJlytiae 'q)eHaHTpeH H Maciia inpejl.BapHTeJIbHO yAaJISIJIHCb apoMaTH-
geCKHM,H yrJTeBOAOPOAaMH H (KalMeHHOyrOJIbHbIMH COJIbBeHTaMH).
IIo AaHHbIM yKpyrIHeHHbIX JIa6opaTOpHbIX OnbITOB pacxoA oc-
H'OBHOPO CblpbH Ha 1 T,o6orameHHoro aHTpa'neHa COCTaBJISIeT: u e-
JIOIIH (H3BeCTH HJIH eAKorO HaTpa) 25-60 KO, cpopMaJlb,geraAa
(40%-.HOro) 3,1 T, paCTBOpHTeJISI (MeTanoJla) 4,6 T; 95-97%
()opMaJlb4erHAa yTHJIH3HpyeTC5I B BHAe ypOTponHHa, a 95% meTa-
HOJIa HaXOAHTCH B o60POTe. IIo CpaBHeHHIO C rIHpHAHHOBbIM top-
MaJIbAerHAHbIii croco6 AaeT 6o.nee BbPCOKHH BbIXOA aHTpaueHa m
Kap6a3oJIa (85-90% H 90-95%) !npH 6oJiee BbICOKOiI tIHCTOTe
3THX npOAyKTOB (95-97 % -Hble) .
P-a3pa60TaHHbIit HOBbIIi BapHaHT (popMaJIbAerHAHOro Cnoco6a
HMeeT HeCOMHeHHble npeHMynIeCTBa nepeA ApyrHMH cnoco6aMH H
MO)KeT npeACTaBJISITb HHTepec aim npoMbllmJleHHOCTH.
B nOHCKax HOBbIX nyTeil npaMeHeHHH Kap6a3OJIa HaMH npo-
BeAeHa pa60Ta nO CHHTe3y HeKOTOpbIX era HpOH3BOAHbIX. 1'13 HHX
B n'epBylO o iepeAb AOJI)KHM 6bITb OTMetIeHbI BHHHJIbHble npOH3B0A-
Hbie Kap6a3OJIa (AJisi nOJlytieHHH HOHOO6MeHHbIX CMOJI H ,gpyrax
BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX BeH eCTB) . YtIHT.bIBaH, WO HCXOAHbIMH npo-
AyKTaMH AJISI yKa3aHHbIX MOHOMep'OB MOryT H,BJISITbCSI allleTHJIbHble
HpOH3BOAHble Kap6a3oJIa, HaMH H3yieHbl yCJIOBHSI CHHTe3a N-aue-
THJI- H 3-a'UeTHJIKap6a3OJIa. HailAeHO, TITO 'IHCTbIH N-ageTHJIKap6a-
30JI C KOJIHtIeCTBeHHbIM BbIXOAOM rIOJlytiaeTCH npH aAeTHJIHpOB.aHHH
Ka,p6a3OJIa yKCyCHbI:M aHPHAPH'AOM B nPHCyTCTBHH XJIOpHCTOrO UHH-
Ka HJIH 4OCq)OpHOiI KHCJIOTbT. Pa3pa60TaHbI yCJIOBHSI npaM'oro CH'H-
Te3a 3-aikeTHJIKap6a30JIa H3 Tex )Ke "HCXOAHbIX BeH eCTB. 3'HatIH-
TeJIbHbIfI HHTepec MOryT n'peACTaBJIHTb TaK}Ke Ae3HH4JeKIZH0HHble
CpeACTBa H KHInegHO--KOHTaKTHble HHCeKTHAHAbI Ha OCHOBe noJlytleH-
HbIX HaMH npoH3BoAHbIX N-OKCHMeTHJIKap6a3o.Ia H 3-aMHH0-2-Mep-
KanTOKap'6a3oJI,a. Ho npeABapHTeJIbHbIM aaHHbIM, OHH o6JIaAaIOT
BbICOKOH TOKCHgHOCTbIO AJISI HeKOTOpbIX HaCeKOMbIX H CHJIbHbIM
i6aKTepar[HAHbIM RefICTBHeM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ICATAJIITHiIECIiHE HPEBPAIII(EHHH
I,1-ABY3AMEH(EHHbIX YTJIEBOAOPOAOB
[ FIIfJIOPERCAHOBOPO PHAA
C. H. XpoMOB, E. C. BaneHxoBa, H. A. CeHRoBa,
B. A. Ka3aHCRHH
(Mocxoechuu eocydapcreetwubuu yuueepcurer um. M. B. JloMouocoea)
OAH013 H3 COCTanHbIX LIaCTeII He(pTH fBJISIIOTCSI 1,1-AHaJiKHJI-
uIIKJIoreKcaHbi. TaK, npH H3ytieHHH XHMH'IeCKOrO COCTaBa 6eH314-
HOB np5IMOI3 rOHKH rJIaBHeIIHIHX :MecTOpo}KAeHHI-I COBeTCKOro COI0-
3a 6bIJIO yCTaHOB. eHO HpHCyTCTBHe BO BCeX H3ytIeHHbIX 6e.H3HHaX
1,1-AHMeTHJIIjHKJIoreKcaHa, 1,1,3-TpHMeTHJIUHKJI0reKcaHa H T. A.
CHHTeTHTIeCKH aOBOJIbHO Tpy1'HO )JOCTynHbI 1, 1-ABy3aMeUjeHHbie
roMOJIOrH ijHKJIoreKcaHa, H HX KaTaJIHTHWCKHe npeBparneHHSi OT-
HOCHTeJIbH'O MaJIO H3ytieHbl, B TO )Ke BpeMSI HCCJIe1OBaHHe KaTaJIH-
TH,iecKHx inpeapameH04 9THX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB HpejCTaBJIHeT on-
peAeJleHHbIi3 HHTepec Aim yrJIy6JIeHIHSI Ha1IHX 3HaHHII B o61IaCTIi
KaTaJIH3a Ha(JTeHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpoAOB.
IIo HaCTOBIuero BpeMeIH HaH6oJlbLuHH HHTepec Co 'CTOpoHbI
pHIAa HccJIeAOBaTeJIeII 6bIJI HpOHBJIeH K BonpOCy nOBeAeHHSI 1,1-
AHaJIKHJIIZHKJIoreKca'HOB B YCJIOBHHX Aed1AporeHH3aUHOHHOrO 'Ka-
TaJIH3a.
B H3ytIeHHH 3TOPO Bonpoca OnpeaeJIeHHbIIf BKJIaa BHeCJIH HC-
CJIe,IjOBaHHSI 'KaK pycCKHX ytieHbIX (H. a. 3eJIHHCKHLI, B. A. Ka3aH-
CKHH), TaK H HHOCTpaHHbIX (JIH'HC'TeA, Py}KHtIKa).
HaMH npOBeaeHbl HccoeAOBaHHSi no KaTaJIHTHtIeCKHM npeBpa-
HjeHHHM B yCJIOBHSIX ierHapOreHH3aTLHOHHOrO KaTaJIH3a cJIeayJo uHX
1,1-ABy3aMeIueHHbIX yrJIeBOAO3OAOB pSIAa uHKlIOreKcaHa: 1-McTHJI-
I -3THJIgHKJIoreKca'Ha, 1-'McTHJI-1-npanHJLIuHKJioreKcaHa, I -MeTHJI-
I -6yTHJIIjHKJIOreKCaHa, 1,1-AH3THJIII.HKJIoreKcaHa, I -3THJI-1-npOHHJI-
uHxJloreKeaHa, 1-McTHJI-I-1 HKJIoneHTnJIIjHKJIOreKcaHa, 1,1'-AHMe-
THJIJjHIjHKJIoreKCHJIa H 1-McTHJI-I 4JeHHJIIjHKJIOreKcaHa.
BbI51BJIeHbI HeKO'T'Opbie 3aKOHOMepHOCTH B HOBeaeHHH reM-ABy-
3aMeIUeH'HbIX IjHKJIoreKcaHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpoAOB B yCJI'OBHSIX AerHA-
pOreHH3aijHOHHOro xaTaJIH3a. Biuio noKa3ano, tITO HaJIHtre tieT-
BepTHIIHOrO aTOMa B UHKJIe IicCJIeAyeMbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB o6yCJIOB-
JIHBaeT H3Be'CTHylo yCTOHtIHBOCTb HX HpH AerHApOreHH3BJ HOHHOM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KaTaJIH3e. C POCTOM iHcjia yrJlepoAHbIx aTOMOB B aJIKHJIbHOM
paAHKaJIe yBeJIHtrHBaeTCR OTHOCHTeJlbHa5 yCTOfIIIHBOCTb MOJICKyJIbl
1,1-ABy3aMeIueHHbIX UHKJIOreKCaHOB K KaTaJIHTHtleCKHM npeBpa-
IueHHRM.
KaTaJIH'I1H2IeCKaH uerHaporeHH3a'uHSl reM-AIBy3aMenjeH'HbIx uHK-
JIoreKcaHOB, KaK npaBHJIO, He HAeT AO KOHiua: BO Bcex CJIyxIaix OC-
TaIOTCH He H3MeHeHHbIMH OT 25 Ao 50% HCXOAHOro yrnesoAopoAa.
1'1CKJIIOgCHHeM SIBJISIeTCR 1,1'-AHMeT'HJIAHuHKJIoreK0HJI, KOTOpbIH li
yCJIOBHHX OnbITa nOHTH HaueJIo npeTepne.l npespaII),eIIHe c o6pa-
3oBaHH M B KaHeCTBe rJIaBHOrO npoAyKTa peaKUHH TOJlyOna. 3TO
nOBeAeHHe 1,1'-AHMeTHJIAHUHKJIOreKCHJIa, CTOJIb OTJIHtIHOe OT HO-
Be) eHHR ApyrHX H3yHeHHbIX HaMH ABy3aMeWeHHbIX uHKJIOreKCa-
HOB, o6yCJIOBJIeHO, nO-BHAHMOMy, OCO6eHHOCTbIO CTpoeHHR 3TOrO
yrrIeBOAOPoAa - HaJIHIIHeM AByX CMe)KHbIX tIeTBePTHHHbIX yrJle-
pOAHbIX aTOMOB B ABYX IHeCTHtIJleHHbIX uHKJIaX CHMMeTPHtIHO rIO-
CTPOeHHO MOJ1eKyJIbI yrJIeBOAopoAa.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, TO 1,1-ABy3aMeIueHHble uHKJIOreKCaHbI npH HX
npoBeAeHHH HaA nJIaTHHHpOBa'HHbr.M yraleM npH 320? npeTepnesalor
AerHAporeHH3aAHIo C OAHOBpeMeHHbIM OTMerlJle'FbHeM KaK iBOAopoAa,
TaK H OAHOrO H3 paAHKaJIOB, HaXoTh,5 erocf npH tIeTBePTHtIHOM
aTOMe yrJIepoAa uHKJIa. fIpH 3TOM npeAnotlTHTeJIbHee OTnjenJlReT-
CH TOT paAHKaJI, iKOTOpbIH HMeeT McHbIIlee 'tIHCJIO yrJiepouHblx aTo-
MOB. OCBo6oxKAaIOMHecs np'H KaTaJIH3e yrJIeBOAOpoAHble paAHKa-
JIbI B rJIaBHo13 CBoeH Macce rHApHpyloTC$ AO coo'rBeTCTBYIOIuHX
aJIKaHOB, HO OTtIaCTH aJI'KHJIHpyIOT apoMaTHgeCKHe yrJIeBOAOpOAbI,
o6pa3y3i npH 3TOM O-AHaJIKHJI6eH3OJIbI H B MeHb1IIeI3 CTeneHH -
.M-AH3aMerueHHble 6eH3oJia.
C HaH60JIbIIIeI3 JlerKO'CTbIO npoTexaeT McTHJIHpoBaHHe TOJIyOJIa
AO KCHJIOJIOB. fIpH 6JlaronpHHTHbIX yCJIOBH$X (AJIHHa yrJle'poAHoi
uenH 3aMecTHTeJIR, Haxw3KAeHHe 3aMeCTHTeJIefI iB o-noJIo KeHHH)
o6pa3ylomHeCR npH KaTaJIH3e MOHO- H AHaJIKHJI'6eH3?0JIbI npeTepne-
BaIOT npH KaTaJIH3e AenHApowHKJIH3anHIO, B pe3yJlbTaTe qero o6-
pa3yIOTCH KOHjjeHCHpOBaHHble apoMaTH'tlecKHe yrJIeBOAOPOAb1
(Ha4 Ta.IHH H3 6yTHJr6eH3oJia HJIH O-AH3THJI6eH3OJIa, a-McTHJIHa(p-
TaJIHH H3 O-3THJInp.oNHJI6eH3oIIa H 4)JiyopeH 113 o-TOJIHJi6eH3oJla).
1'13yTIeHbI KaTaJIHTHtIeCKHe npeBpaujeHHR 1,1-AHMeTHJIuHKJIO-
reKcaHa, 1 -MCTHJI- I -3THJILHKJIOreKcaHa, I -MCTHJI- I -nponHJl'uHKJIO-
reKCaHa, 1-MeTHJI-1-6yTHJIUHKJIOreKCa,Ha H 1 -MeTHJI- I -(f eHHJIuHKJIO-
reKca'Ha Ha aJIIOMOCHJIHKaTHOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe npH 350-500?. Ka-
TaJIHTHtIeCKHe npeBpaujeHHSi I-MCTHJI-1-aJIwHJIuHKJIoreKcaHOB Ha
aJIK)MOCHJIHKaTHOM KaTaJIH3aT0pe npH 500? npOTeKaloT c o6pa303a-
HHeM B OCHOBHOM apOMaTHtreCKHX H - B McHbulei Mepe - Ha(pTeHO-
BbIX (reKca- H neHTaMeTHJIeHOBbIX), a Tax}Ke napa4)HHOBbIX yrJle-
BOAOpOAOB. 143 apOMaTHgIecKHX y'rJIeBOAOpOAOB B npO.AyKTaX KaTa-
JIH3a HeH3'MeHHO npHCyTCTByIOT: 6eH3OJI, TOJIyOJI, KCHJIOJIbl, H TpH-
McTHJ16eH30JIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O6pa3oBaHHe 6eH3oJIa B KaTaJIH3aTe CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM,
qTO npH nposeaeHHH 1-MCTHJI-1-aJIKHJIAHKJIOreKCaHOB Hap, aJIIOMO-
CHJIHKaTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTOPOM npOHCXOAHT oAHOBpeMeHHbrH OTpbIB
AByx aJIKHJIbxbIX rpynn OT IIePBepTHimoro aTo?Ma yrJlepoia B HC-
XOAHOM yrJleBoaopoAe, tiTO BHalgajie npHBOAHT K nonyzleHHlo UHK-
JIoreKCaxa, a 3aTeM, B pe3yJlbTaTe AerHAporeHH3a'UHH noCJIeA-
Hero, - K 6eH3OJty. rlpH KaTaJIH3e 1-MCTHJI-1-aJIKHJIIsHKJIoreKcaHOB
HaA aJHOMOCHJIHKaTOM, nO-?BHAHMOMY, TaKx{e npoTexaeT oTluenJIe-
HHe H OAHOfI aJIKHJIbHOH rpynnbi, B pe3yJIbTaTe tlero t4epe3 nepBo-
HatiaJIbHyIO CTaAH1o o6pa3oBaHHH McTHJIuKJloreKCaHa nojiytIaeTc
TOJIyOJI, KOTOpbIH 3aTeM McTHJIHpyeTCH, aaBag 'KCHJIOJibI H TpHMe-
THJ16eH3oJIbI.
UHKJIO'reKCaH H McTHJIAHK IoreKcaH fOA BJIHHHHeM aJlloMOCHJIH-
KaTHOrO KaTaJIH3aTOpa, nO-BH1WMOMY, npeTepneBalOT H3oMepH3a-
I1.HIO UHKJIa, IITO,npHBOAHT 'K o6pa3oBaHHIo McTHJIUHKJIOneHTa'Ha II
AH'MeTHJIgHKJ1oneHTaHOB, a noc.IeAHHe B pe3yJlbTaTe rHAporeHOJIH-
3a aaiOT napa'(MHHOBble yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
B CJlytlae 1-MCTHJI-1-c1eHHJII;HKJIOreKCaHa npoueCC 'KaTaJIHTH'Ie-
CKHX npeBpalueHHH HaA aJIIOMOCHJIHKaTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTOpoM npOTe-
KaeT C 60Jlbuief JIerKOCTbIO, tieM Aim 1-MeTHJI-1-aJIKHJIIZHKJIoreYca-
HOB. Y)Ke npH 350? 9TOT yrJIeBOAopoA npH npoBeAeHHH Haa aJuo-
MOCHJIHKBTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTopoM B 3HagIHTeJIbHOH CBOefI Macce pac-
naAaeTCSI, o6pa3yH 6eH30JI H McTHJIII,HKJIOreKCaH KaK OCHOBHble
npOAyKTbI peaKuHH. B McHbuleH CTeneHH HMeIOT McCTO BTOpHtIHbxe
npoueccbi - AerHAporeHH3auH5i UHKJIOreKcaHa B TOJIYOJI H H3oMe-
pH3agHH B AHMeTHJIUHKJIOreKCaHbI. B MaJIOM KOJIHtleCTBe npn KaTa-
JIH3e o6pa3yIOTCSI H napacpHHOBbie yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
R3YUHHE (DJIYOPECIIHPYIOMHX COEJ>(HHEHHI3 HE(DT11
C IXEJIbIO HX HCHOJIb3OBAHHH
B RE DEIkTOCROHHH METAJIJIOB
JI. A. MejisxaRae
(HUCTUTyT xuaiutt um. H. r. McAunuuceu4u AH 1'py3CCP, T6u.2ucu)
1iCCJIe,IiOBaHHeM apoMaTHLIeCKHX yrJIeBOAapoAoB BbICOKOMOJIe-
KYJIHpHbIX (ppa'KUHIi HeckTeR yCTaHOBJIeHO cOAep}KaHHe B HEX
4)JlyopecUHpylouzHX }KeJITO-3eJIeHbI'M H CHHe-d4HOJIeTOBbIM uBeTOM
coeAHHeHEE.
1'1CHOJIb3y5 KOMIJIeKCHbIH McTOA pa3AeJIeHHSI (BaKyy'MHyIO
c paK HOHHy1O pa3rOHKy, eejreKTHBHoe paCTBOpeHHe, amcop6uHOH-
HYIO XpOMaTorpa'(pHlo H KPHCTaJIJIH3auHIo), H3 BbICOKOMoJIeKyJIHp-
HOIi ap0MaTHKH He4)TH MbI BbIAeJIHJIH KPHCTaJIJIHneCKHe H }KHAKHe
KOMIIOHeHTbI, H3 KOTOpbIX OAHH 4 JlyopecuHpyIOT HHTOHCHBHO CHHe-
q)HoJIeTO?BbIM, a ApyrHe - }KeJITO-3e.IeHbIM UBeTOM.
143 KpHCTaJIJIHgeCKHX K'OMHOHeHTOB BbIAeJieHbl cJleAylou1.He TPH
yrIleBOAOpo,aa, KOTOpble HO HHTeHCHBHOCTH (~JlyopecUeH1[HH He yc-
TynaIOT KPHCTaJIJIH4eCKOMy a30THOKHCJIO'My ypaHHJIy.
1) BeJioro uBeTa KpHcTaJIJIHgeCKOe BeLuecTBO, (JJlyopecuHpylo-
u);ee rOJIy6bIM ILBeTOM. MOJIeKyJIHpHblli Bee 299, TeMnepaTypa inJIaB-
JIeHHH 235?. UHKpaT H3 6eH30JIbHoro paCTBopa KpacHO-opaH)KeBbn1I
c TeMnepaTypoli HJiaBJieHHH 140?. 3MnHpHqeCKaH cpopMyJla -
C23H20. n'pH Harpe'BaHEH B KarlHJIJISIpe Ao 300? H3MeHHeTC5I.
2) be.ioe KpHCTaJIJIHTJeeKoe BeIuecTBO, (Jly'opeeuHpylon ee
(pHOJieTOBbIM ILBeTOM. MOJIeKyjiHp'HbIIi Bee 316, TeMnepaTypa nJTaB-
JIeHHSI 199?. 1-1H'KpaT H3 6eH'30JIbHOrO pacTBopa KpaCHOrO ILBeTa c
TeMnepaTypoli nJIaBJIeHHH 134?. 3MnHpHgIeeKas 4)opMyJia - C25H18.
fIpIH Ha'rpeBaHHH B Kan'HJIJIHpe A'O 300? H3'MeHHeTCH.
3) >Kejrroe KpHCTajIJIHgeCKoe BeLuecTBO, (1JiyopecuHpyloucee
}KeJITO-3eJIeHbIM IUBeTOM. MOJIeKyJI51PHbII3 Bee 459, TeMnepaTypa
nJIaBJIeHHH 316-318?. 1-IH,KpaTOB 'He o6pa3yeT. 3MnHpHTIeCKaH
(4opMyJla - C36H28.
CpaBHHTeJIbHO HH3Ka5 CTa66HJIbHOCTb 3THX cOeAHHeHHI3 HO
OTHOIUeHHIO K HarpeBaHHK), OTJIHuK)u1.ag HX OT HCTHHHO apOMaTH-
'IecKfHX HOJIHUHKJIH'tIeCKHX yrneBoaopoAoB, aaeT OCHOBaHEe npeJt-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
noJlaraTb, IITO OHH CoAep}KaT HapHAy c apoMaTHLIecKHMH KoJlbua-
MH TepMHqeCKH HeCTa6HJIbHble CTpyKTypHble 3JIeMeHTbI. CIneKTpaJIb-
Hoe HCCJIe.OBaHHe 3THX BeaJ,eCTB, HpOBeaeHHoe X. H. MaMegoBbIM,
HOKa3aJI0, qTo apoMaTHtIeCKai LIaCTb KOJIbggaTOI3 CHCTeMbI nepBblX
AByX coeAHHeHHA COAep}KHT CTPYKTYPY XpH3eHa, a TpeTb5l - 6eH-
30XpH3eHa. flpHpOAa apyrHx CTpyKTypHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB KOJIbIaTOH
CHCTeMbI nOKa He H3BeCTHa.
)KHAKHe KOMfOHeHTbI Ta'Kxce SIBJIHIOTCSI yrneBOAopoAaMH apo-
MaTHTIeCKOR npHpOAbI H aHaJIOrHqHO yKa3aH'HbIM KpHCTaJIJImeCKHM
BeIueCTBaM HHTeHCHBHO '(pJlyOpeCII,Hpy}OT CHHe-4(4HOJIeTOBbIM H )KeJI-
To-3eJIeHbI'M II,BeTOM.
HccJIeAoBaHHeM 4 JlyopecuHpyloluxx x(eJITO-3eJIeHbIM UBeTOM
apOMaTHTIeCKH)f yrneBOAOpoAOB He(JTH yCTaHOBJIeHa BO3MO)KHOCTb
HCHOJIb3oBaHHSI HX B KaHeCTBe (4JlyopeC1HPYIOH>',HX KOMHOHeHTOB
HCnbITaTeJIbHOI-I }KHAKOCTH AJISI (pJIyopecueHTHOI3 Ae(peKTOCKOfHH.
H3ygeIHe pacnpeAeJleHHSI (cJlyopecLHpylomHx xceJITO-3eJIeHbIM
uBeTOM )KHAKHX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB HO y3KHM MaCJISIHbIM (JpaKLHH'M
pa'3JIHLI'HbIX He(~TeiI nOKa3aJlo, T-ITO co epx(aHHe HX paCTeT c yBe-
JIH'leHHeM MOJIeKVJISIpHOro Beca 4 paKuHH. MaKcHMa.lbHoe KOJPH'lIe-
CTBO HX COAep)KHTCSI B He(JTHX Ha(jTeHO-apoMaTHqeC'Koi IHpHpOAbl,
XapaKTepH3ylOMHXCSI BbICOKOI3 ap0M2THqHOCTbIO MaCJISIHbIX cppaK-
uHH. B CB513H C 3THM fOJIyqeHHaH H3 HOpH13CKO13 He(4TH BbICOKOMO-
JIeKyJISIpHaSt 'MaCJIHHaI (ppaKUHSI (c MOJIeKyJISIpHbIM BeCOM 450)
Taxx(e q)JIyopec1HpyeT xteJITO-3eJIeHbTM uBeTOM, TaK KaK COAepx(HT
AO 40% YKa3aHHbIX coe.HHeHHI3.
9To r103BOJIHJI0 peKOMeHAOBaTb yKa3aHHyIO (ppaKwHIO HOpH}i-
CKOH He4JTH B KaqeCTBe (pJlyopecwHpy}oln,erO KOMHO'He'HTa HcnblTa-
TeJIbHOI3 )KHAKOCTH.
HCnbITaHHSI B (f)JlyOpeCueHTHOII ae()eKTOCKOrHH Ha MaHPHHO-
CTPOHTeJIbHbIX 3aBOAaX H B COOTBeTCTByIOIUHX HHCTHTYTaX noJly-
YeHHOIi B npOH3BOACTBeHHbIX yCJIOBHSIX 4 paKuHH, Ha3BaHHO]i KeT 6bITb
AOCTHrHyTO TaK}Ke BBeAeHHeM - He60JIbIHOro KOJIH-
tIeCTBa KOMfJIeKCa OT Inpe.gblAya e'ro OnbITa - H yBeJIHteHHeM HH-
TeHCHBHOCTII nepeMelHHBaHHH.
B yCJIOBHHX HenpepblBHOro 1OTOT-PH0r0 npoljecca pOJlb '3aTpaBKH
HrpaeT paHee o6pa3OBaBIIIHfICH KOMnJIeKC, HeH36e)KHo nonaAalo-
114
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
UuHH B pe3yJIbTaTe nepeMeIUHBaHHH B nocJle.yIolnlle flOPUHH Cbipbx,
H n03TOMy B npeABapHTeJIbHOI3 OLIHCTKe CbipbH OT CMOJI HeT He06-
XOAHMOCTH.
,L JIH AOCTHM( HHH rJly6OKOi Aenapa4)HHH3alJHH Heo6xoAHMo
6oJIbuloe KOJIHTIeCTBO Kap6aMHAa. floKa3aHO, gITO 'Kap6aMHA Mo)Ke'r
6bITb BBeAeH B peaKTop B BHAe KOHueHTpHpOBaHHOfI CyOfl H3HH
(nyJlbnM). fIPH HHTeHCHBHOM nepeMelUHBaHHH paCTBopeHHe Kap6-
aMHAa Aa}Ke B xOJIOAHOIi nyJlb'ne HAeT Co CKOpOCTbIO, o6ecnemBa-
Iotueli 6bICTpoe KoMnJlexcoo6pa3osaxxe. HanpHMep,,npH 1500 o6o-
poTax MeiuaJIKH B MHHYTY H TemriepaType 20? o6pa3OBaHHe aH-
3eJlbxoro TonJIHBa C TeMnepaTypol3 3aCTb1BaHH5I -60? HpOHCXOAHT
B TeTleHHe ABYX MHHYT. fIO3TOMy oTnaAaeT HeO6XOAHMOCTb B 60JIb-
UIHX peaKTppaX, KOTOPble SIBJ15IIOTCH O65I3aTeJIbHbIMH -npH HCnOJIb-
30BaHHH ropHtIHX HaCbImeHHbIX paCTBOpos 'Kap6aMHAa.
fIp'oAy'KT, o6pa3y1OIAHIiCH npH B:3aHMOAefCTBHH He4TsHOrKaujHx npOAyKTOB, He-
PaCTBOPHMbiX B nerpone1HOM
ecca,
C
9(PHpe, K
Ha(pTeHOBbIM KHCJIO-
TaM
100
1,68
110
1,24
117
1,05
135
0,65
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BJIHBHHe Ha nOKa3aTeJIH npouecca BpeMeHH OKHCJIeHHH McHee
3HaiI ITeJIbHO; OHO CKa3bIBaeTCH 6oJIbLIe BCeFO Ha KOJIHrIeCTBe nOJIy-
i1aIOLI HXC51 HPOAYKTOB OKHCJIeHHA, a He iHa HX COOTH'OLneHHH.
Flocae 06pa6OTKH nepMaHraHaTOM paCTBOpHMbIX B neTpOJlefl-
HOM 3(MHpe KHCJIOT H nocJIeayloa ei O'IHCTKH Hx iiepe3 CBHHI(OBble
COJIH 6bIJiH n0nyileHbl KHCJIOTbI, CBOTICTBa K'OTOpbIX BeCbMa 6JIH3KH
K eCTeCTBeH'HbIM Haq)TeHOBbIM KHCJI'OTaM, COAep)KaUUHMCH B KepocH-
HOBOM J[HCTHJIJIHTe J(OCCOpCKOH MaCJIBHOI3 Heq)TH.
Hs KepocHHosoro Amc-
THJIJIHT3 AOCCOpCKOIl
HeIPTH
YAenbHbli Bee, d24? . . . . . . . . . .
KHCJIOTHOe 9HCJI0 . . . . . . . . . . .
LIHCJIo oMbrJIeHHSI . . . . ' . . . . . .
MonexynapHbth Bee . . . . . . . .
noxa3aTeJIb JIyTienpeJIOMJIeHHH, n2?
n
HOAHoe IIHCJIO . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,013
240
20
216
1,4768
3,8
0,9972
260
218
1,4829
2,6
JZnsi BbI3iCHeHH51 nPHHa]LJIe}KHOCTH BbIJLeJIeHHbIX KHCJIOT K pxAy
Ha(~TeHOBbIX 6bIJi n'PHMeHeH McTOA H. JZ. 3eJIHHCKoro, 3aKJIIOiiaK)-
W$I3CSI B npespaIIIeHHSIX 'HO cxeMe: KHCJIOTbI -" 94)HpbI -->OniHpTbI-
-> HoAiopbi-yrneBoAopoabl.
rlOBe;IeHHe KH'CJIOT nPH HX oiiHCTKe iiepe3 CBHHUOBble COJIH, a
Taxxce Hx npespanuennSi no cxeMe H. J.Z. 3enHHCxoro nOKa3aJiH
H,IjeHTHii'HOCTb CHHTeTHiieCKHX 'Ha4)TeHOBbIX KHCJIOT C eCTeCTBeH-
HbIMH.
B npouecce OKH'CneHHH Ha(pTeHOBbIX yrneBoA0pOAoB o6pa3yioTCA
TaK)Ke 3(4HpbI, BbIXOA KOTOpbIX npHMepHO B TpH pa3a McHbuie, ileM
KHCJIOT. OCHOBHOI3 0006eH'HOCTblo 3THX 9#pOB HBJISIeTCH To, wO
OHH nociie HX OMbineHHS1 H ~O6pa6OTKH o6pa3osaBlLleroC5i MbIJI8
neTponefIHbIM 94)HpOM (KOTOpbII3, KaK H3BeCTHO, XOpOIIIO H3BneKaeT
He0MbIJISIeMbie H Cn'HpTbl) CHOBa AaIOT 94 HpbI, KaK TOJIbKO iK MbIJIy,
nonyiie.IIHOMY Ha HX OC'HOBe, Ao6aaneHa MHHepanbnasi KHCJIOTa.
&TO CBHAeTenbCTByeT 0 TOM, tiTO paccMaTpHBaeMbie 94)Hpb1 (>6pa3y-
IOTC51 H3 npOAWKTOB OKHCneHHSI, B MOneKynaX KOTOpbIX HMeeTCSi no
ABe 4yHKLjHOHaJIbHble rpynnbi - Kap6oKCHnbHa5I H rHAPOKCHJIbHaf.
BblAeneHHble 3()HpbI xapaKTepH30?BanHCb cJleAy)oUuHMH CBOHCT
BaMH: iiHCJIO OMbIneHHH - 60 Mr KOH Ha 1 a tipoAyKTa, yAenbxbHH
aec, d420 - 0,9963, noKa3aTenb JlygenpeJloMnel-Ix51, n o20 - 1,4845,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
COLIETAH1IE XPOMATOPPA(DHxIECKO I AACOPBIIIH
C H3B1IPATEJIbHbIM PHAPHPOBAHHEM HP1I AHAJIH3E
AHCTIJIJIIITOB BTOPHLIHOFO HPOHCXO)RAEHHH
H. H. MeabnHKoBa, A. 3. Aoporo`IHHCKif,
0. H. CBeTO3apOBa
(lpoa, eucxuu ue firmtcou tcaycuo-uccAeOoeareAbcxuu utccruTyr)
CITJIHTIHTeJlbHOR OCO6eHHOCTbIO RHCTHJIJIHTOB, HOJIyTIeHHbIX npH
BTOPHTIHbIX npoueccax, SIBJIHeTCH, KaK H3BeCTHO, IIpHCyTCTBHe B HX
COCTaBe HenpeAeJlbHbIX yrJleBoAopoAoB. fIpH 3TOM Henpe,IjeJIbHble
yr.TleaoAOpoAbI MOrYT coAepacaTbcH B AIICTHJIJIHTaX B BHAe CaMbIX
pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX CTpyKTypHbIX rpyHn.
,TJIH yCTaHOBJIeHIIH COCTaBa CTpyKTypHbIX rpyHn HenpeAe.IlbHbIX
yr iesoAopoAoB MO}KeT 6bITb HCHOJIb30BaH0 xpoMaTorpacpHgecxoe
pa3.r eJIeHHe AHCTHJIJISITOB BTOpH4HOrO npOHCxo}KAeHHH B CoLIeTa-
HHH C H36HpaTeJlbHbIM rHApHpOBaHHeM HaXoA5i HXCSI B HHX He-
npeAeJIbHbIX yrJIeBOA0p0AOB.
B pa6oTe aACop6uHOHHbIfI McTOA 6bfJI npHMeHeH Aim Hcc.neAo-
BaHHH IIIHpOKHX AHCTHJIJIHTHbIX CppaKUHII BTOPHT-IHOr0 npoHexo}IC-
AeHHSr: npecc-AHCTHJIJISITOB TepMOKpeKHHra, AHCTHJIJIHTOB AeCTpyK-
THBHOI1 neperoHKH, nOJlyTieHHbIX npH nepepa60TKe Ma3yTa H ryA-
pOHa, H ApyrHx AHCTHJIJISITOB.
XpoMaTorpa(rHgeCKoe pa3AeJIeHHe yKa3aHHbIX npOAyKTOB OCy-
IgeCTBJI5IJIOCb Ha TpexcTyneHTiaTOfI AByXMeTpOBOI3 KOJIOHKe. B Ka-
YeCTBe a.i(Cop6eHTa npHMeHHJICSI cneuHaJIbHO npHrOTOBJIeHHbII
CHJIHKareJIb MaPKH ACM C aKTHBHOCTb1O 11,5-11,7 MA Ha 100 2
aACop6eHTa. CKOpOCTb (kHJIbTpauHH,noAAep}KHBa.IaCb Bce BipeMH
nOCTOHHHOIi Ha ypOBHe 15 i12A/kac. flpo6MI OT6HpaJIH OAHHaKOBbIMH
nOpuHHMH; 3aTeM npo6bI C npaKTHTIeCKH O)IHHaKOBbIMH nOKa3aTe-
JIHMH JIyTlenpeJIOMJIeHHSI CJIHBaJIH BMeCTe, npH 3TOM o6pa3oBblBa?
JIHCb fHTb 4 paKIHl3.
B nepBOK (ppaKUHH BOJIHOCTbIO OTCyTCTBOBaJIH HenpeAeJlbHble
yrJleBOAopOAbl, B OCTaJIbHbIX - OHH HMCJIHCb B pa3JIHtIHbIX KOJIH-
gecTBax.
AJISI BbI51CHeHHH COCTaBa CTpyKTypHbIX rpyHn HenpeAe.nbHbIX
yrJIeBOAOpOAOB, coAep}ga1uHXCH BO BTOpOIi, TpeTbei3, TIeTBepTOK H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TIHTOcI (kpaKUHHX, Ka}KAaS H3 HHX 6bIJIa nOABepfHYTa H36HpaTeJlb-
HOMy rHApHpOBaHHlo. 1'136HpaTeJIbHOe rHApnposaHHe, o6ecne?IH-
Balomee TOJIbKO HaCbllueHHe HeHPeAeJIbHbIX CBH3eIi, He 3aTparHBaH
apoMaTMeCKOro KOJIbua, OCyIUeCTBJIHJIOCb Ha aJLIOMOKO6aJIbT-
MoJIH6AeHOBOM KaTaJIH3aTope. YCJIOBHH rHApHpOBaHHH 6bIJIH CJie-
Jryion nr n: aaBJIeHHe 40-50 am, TeMneparypa 380? H o6'beMHaA
CKOPOCTb 0,5 kac-I.
IIpOBeJ eHHoe H36HpaTeJIbHOe rHApHpOBaHHe Ka}K OI (ppaKUHH
rl03BOJIHJIO BbIHCHHTb XapaKTep pacnpeAeJieHHH CTpyKTYpHbix
rpynn HenpeaeJlbHbIX YrJIeBOAOPOAOB B Ka)KAOH (ppaKuHH.
B nepBO i OCHOBHOH (ppaK HH, 3HatIHTeJIbHOH nO BbIXOAY
(48-50% OT HCXOAHOto AHCTHJIJIHTa), KOHUeHTPHPYIOTCH JIHHIb
napa(iIHHOBbie H Ha(TeHOBble yraeBOAOPOAbI H OTCYTCTBY1OT nOJI-
HOCTbIO apOMaTHLIeCKHe H OJie(kHHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbI.
BO BTOPOH ()paKUHH, HBJIHK)IUeIIcH npOMe)KyTOLIHOIFI H He6oJlb-
IIIOH HO BbIXOAY (AO 8-10% OT HCXOAHOrO RHCTHJIJIHTa), coAep-
)KaTCH oJle(pHHbI, Hapaq)HHOBble H Ha(pTeHOBble yrJIeBO)jOpoAbI H
OTCYTCTBY}OT apOMaTH1IeCKHe yrJIeBOAOpOAbI H apoMaTHileCKHe
yrJIeBOAOPOAbI C HenpeaeJIbHOIi 60KOBOIi Uenb}O.
TpeTbc (ppaKUHH (BbIXOA 19-20%) COCTOHT nO4TH Haue,no H3
OJIe(pHHOB (92-96%), npHHeM apOMaTHLIeCKHe yrJIeBOAOpOAbI C
HenpeAeJlbHOf3 60KOBOH uenblo nonaAaioT B 3TY 4 paKUHIO JIHIIIb B
He3HagHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHqeCTBaX (OKOJIO 3% Ha (ppaKuHIO).
B tieTBepTOH 4 paKUHH, TaK)Ke HBJIHK)IueHCH npOMe)KyTOqHOH H
He60JlblUGH no BbIXOAY (7-9% OT HCXOAHOI'O RHCTHJIJIHTa), KOH-
ueHTPHpyIOTCH TOJIbKO apOMaTHtIeCKHe H HenpeAeJlbHble yrJIeBOAO-
POAbI H OTCyTCTBy}OT napa(pHHOBbie H Ha(iTeHOBble yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
OCHOBHoe MCCTO B BTOH 4)paKUHH 3aHHMaIOT HenpeaejibHble yrJIe-
BO)IOPOAbI (75-92 % Ha cppaKuHlo), npHgeM OHH HBJIHK)TCH HJIH
uHKJI00JIe(pHHaMH HJIH 6OKOBOH uenblO uHKJIHtIeCKHX CoeAHHeHHH
(apoMaTH4eCKHX HJIH Ha(pTeHOBbIX).
r1HTa5 (fipaKUHH (BbIXOA 16-19%) TaK)Ke HaueJIO COCTOHT H3
apoMaTH4eCKHX yrJIeBOAopOAOB, HPHT4eM COAep)KaHHe apOMaTHUe-
CKHX yrJleBOJ(OpOJwB AoCTHraeT 80%, a HenpeaeJlbnble yrJIeBoAo-
pOAbI AB.TIBIOTCH 6OKOBOH uenblO Ha(pTeHOBbIX HJIH apoMaTHqeCKHX
yrJIeBOAopoAOB.
IIOKa3aHa 3(p(peKTHBHOCTb COqeTaHHH XpoMaT'orpa(mHtIeCKOro
pa3AeJIeHH51 AHCTHJIJIHTOB BTOpH14Horo npOHCXO)KAeHHH C H36Hpa-
TeJIbHbIM rHApHpoBaHHeM BbIAe.IeHHbIX (ppaKUHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HCCJIEAOBAH}JE CTPYKTYPbI
BbICOKOKHHHIAHX DEHOJIOB
CPEAHETEMHEPATYPHO]3 CMOJIbI iIEPEMXOBCKHX
YFJIEf H EE )KHRKO(DA3Horo FI4 POFEHH3ATA
H FHAPOPEHH3AL HOHHAH HEPEPABOTRA HX
HA I[EHHbIE HH31IHE (DEHOJIbI
M. H. 1bRIIOBa, A. B. BOJIb-3nMTeHH,
H. A. j[aBTBH:, M. H. M apoBa
(HHCTUryr aoprouux ucxonaeMbix AH CCCP, Mocxea)
B InHpOKOH 4 paKUHH CMOJIbN IlepeMXOBCKHX yr.neli H ee M{HAKO-
4 3HOT0 rHJjporeHH3aTa coAepacaTCH 3HatIHTeJIbHble KOJIHLIeCTBa
BbICOKOKHI$III.HX 4)eHOJIOB c TeMnepaTypoli KHneHHSI 230-320?,
nYTH HCHOJIb3OBaHH5I KOTOpbIX MaJIO H3ygeHbl. HaMH HCCJIeAOBaHa
CTpyKTypa 3THX ()eHOJIOB H nOKa3aHa BO3MO]KHOCTb rHAporeHH3a-
IjHOHHOIi nepepa60TKH IIaCTH HX B (peHOJI, Kpe30JIbl H KCHJIeHOJIbI.
B OCHOBy pa60Tb1 nO yCTaHOBJIeHHIO CTpyKTypbI BbICIIIHX q)eHO-
JIOB 6bwwi noJlo}KeH McTOA HCIlepnblBaK)njero rHApxpoBaHHSI HX AO
Ha(4TeHOBMX yrJleBo.opoAOB B yCJIOBHHX, npH KOTOpbIX npoueccbi
pa3JIo>KeHHH npOAyKTOB rHAporeHH3auHH 6bIJIH CBeAeHbl AO MHHH-
MyMa (KaTaJIH3aTOp WS2 + NiS + Al O3, TeMnepaTypa 370-380?,
Ha4aJlbnoe AaBJIeHHe B aBTOKJIaBe 140 arm). CTpyKiypa nonytleH-
HbIX HacbIHjeHHbIX yrJleBOAopoAoB 6bIJIa onpeAeJlexa McTOJ aMH
n, d, M H KOM6HHaUHOHHOrO pacceHHHH CBeTa H COnOCTaBJIeHa c
4)H3HKO-XHMHtIeCKHMH CBOI3CTBaMH Y3KHX 4 paKILHI-I HccJIeAyeMbIX
(PeHOJ10B.
IIo1a3aHO, WO OCHOBHyJO Maccy HpOAyKTOB rHApHpOBaHHSI (pe-
HOJIbHbIX (ppaKUHIi COCTaBJIBIOT rHApHHAaH, AeKaJIHH H HX rOMO-
JIOrH.
C HOMOIIjbIO KOJIbAeBoro alla.IH3a opHeHTHpOBOtlHO yCTaHOB-
JIeHO, IITO BbICIHHe ()eHOJIbI CpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOli CMOJIbI gepeM-
XOBCKHx yr.neli C TeMneparypoi KHneHM$ 230-280? coAepxcaT npH-
MepHO 43% 6HIjHKJIHIIeCKHX (peHOJIOB - HHAaHOJIa, Ha(pTOJIOB H
HX rOMOJIOFOB, a BbICHIHe (peHOJIbI H3 }KH)JKO(pa3HOT0 rHApOreHH-
3aTa C TeMnepaTypoS3 KHneHHH 230-320? 3TOIi }Ke CMOJIbI coAep-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M{ T 67% 6HUHKJIHIIeCKHX cpeHOJIOB STHX we pSIAOB, BKJIIO4aH
tcaCTH'IHO rHApHpOBaHHble coeAHHeHHA.
YKa3aHHble 3HaIIeHHSI coAep}KaHHH 6HUHKJIHIIeCKHX (jeHOJIOB
3aHH)KeHbu BCJIeaCTBHe HaJIHIIHH CpeAH HCCJIeAOBaHHbIX C HOMOLUbK)
KaJIbuHeBorO aHa.IH3a yrJIeBOAOpOAOB rH,ILpHHJLaHa H ero roMOJIo-
rOB. rlo yTO,4HeH'HbIM aaHHbIM, COAep}KaHHe 6HUHKJIHMeCKHX c~eHO-
410B B BbICIUHX cpeHOJIax }KHAKO(pa3Horo rHIjporeHH3aTa cocTaB-
.IAeT OKOJIO 80%.
l'Icc.Ie1IOBaHHH no rHapOreHH3auHOHHOMy npeBpaaLeHHIO. BbIC-
dIIHX cDeHOJIOB H3 CpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOH CMOJIbI .IepeMXOBCKHX
yrnei H ee }KHAKO(Ja3H000 rmaporem13aTa npOBOAHJIHCb KaK B
aBTOKJIaBax, TaK H Ha npOTOtIHOH yCTaHOBKe. BbISI0HeHO, TO aJIH
nojlytIeHHSI HH3UIHX (~eHOJIOB C TeMnepaTypoI3 KHHeHHH Ao 230?
npHTO,i[HbI BbICI1He cpeHOJIbI C TeMnepaTyfOH KHneHHA 230-255?,
cocTaBJ1 noIUHe 30-35% OT CyMMapHbIX BbICHIHX cJeHOJIOB, coAep-
x{auiHXCSI B AHCTHJIJIfTaX CMOJIbI H ee }KHAKO(4a3Horo rHAporeHH-
3aTa C TeMnepaTypoH KHneHHH 230-320?.
11pH nOJIHOH nepepa6OTKe YKa3aHHbIX q)eHOJIOB nOA AaBJieHHeM
50-100 arM, TeMnepaType 475?, o6beMHOH CKOpOCTH 1 JI/A/KaC,
HaA KaTaJIH3aTOpOM A1203 + Fe203 (coaep}KaHHe }KeJie3a 1 %),
noAage 1000 .'e BOaOpoAa Ha I A CbIpbH (COOTHouieHHe HCXOAHbIX H
BO3BpaTHbIX BbICIUHX q)eHOJIOB OT npeAbIAyLuero UHKJIa 1 : 1) noJIy-
IIaIOTCSI CJIeAyioLUHe BbIXOAbI npoILyKTOB:
B pacveTe Ha
B pacvere' Ha tpeHo.nbl
eeHoa, Kpe30JJbJ H KCHJIeHOJIb1
(PeHOJIbi
CMOJIbI, %
57,4
)KHAKO(Da3Horo rK,?po-
reHH3aTa, %
39,4
Hel'iTpaJlbxbte Mac.na ? . . . . .
20,2
35,8
BoAa . . . . . . . . . . . .
11,7
7,9
Koxc . . . . . . . . .
0,7
4,7
Ta3 H nOTepH . . . . . . . .
12,2
13,9
PacxoA BoAopoAa . . . . . . .
2,2
1,7
FHAporeHH3auHOHHa5I nepepa60TKa BbICIUHX (peHOJIOB canpo-
Bo}KAaeTcg OTJIO}KeHHeM KOKCa Ha KaTaJIH3aTOpe H naAeHHeM ero
aKTHBHOCTH H AOJI}KHa OCyLUeCTBJIHTbCSI B BHAe cMeHHO-uHKJIHge-
CKoro npouecca c nepHO,IIHgecxoi perexepauHei KHTaJIH3aTOpa
BbI}KHTOM KOKCa KHCJIOpOAOM B03Ayxa.
JIytIILIHe BbIXOAbI HH3IJJHX (~eHOJIOB npH nepepa60TKe BbICOKO-
KHII5IIUHX cpeHOJIOB H3 CMOJIbI, KaK nOKa3ajI0 HCCJIeAOBaHHe CTpyK-
-rypbl BbICIUHX cpeHOJIOB, O6b5ICHHIOTC51 cviuecTBeHHO McHbLHHM CO-
Aep)KaHHeM B HHX 6HUHKJIHIIeCKHX c4eHOJIOB no CpaBHeHHIO C CO-
OTBeTCTByIOII.HMH cJeHOJI3MH }KHAKOO6pa3HOrO rHAporeHH3aTa.
BbICOKOe coAep}Kaxxe 6HUHKJIH'IeCKHX 4JeHOJIOB B I)eHOJIbHbIX
4 paKUHSIX C TeMnepaTypOH KHneHHSI Bb1IIIe 250-255?, AocTHralo-
Iuee 80%, o6yc.TOBJIHBaeT HeueJIeCOO6pa3HOCTb HX rHApOreHH3a-
uHOHHOA_ nepepa60TKH B (JeHOJI, Kpe30JlbT H KCHJIeHOJIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 CHHTE3E HET1IAPOJIH3YEMbIX BELT ECTB B TOP DAX
K. K. Jle6e;BeB
(I4'erlrpanbnbau nayuuo-uccheboeareAbcxuu 4ecoxuMuuecxuu uncruryr,
Xu.uxu, Mocx. o64.)
H3BeCTHO, TITO npoueHTHOe coJI.ep}KaHHe HerHApOJIH3yeMbIx
Beu(ecTB B TOp()e c rJIy6HHOI3 3a.leraHHH yseJIHLIHBaeTCH. TO SIB-
JIeHHe npHHHTO 06'b$ICHSITb BbIMbIBaHHeM HeCTOcIKHX KOMrOHeHTOB
pa3Jlara1OlueAc paCTHTeJIbHOI3 MacCbI, BCJIeJICTBHe KOTOpOrO x
paCTeT OTHOCHTeJIbHOe KOJIHYeCTBO 60JIee CTOHKHX KOMrIOHeHTOB,
B nepsylo ovepe,I b TaK Ha3bIBaeMOPO . TaKaH TpaKTOB-
Ka npoueccoB, npOTeKBJOIUHX B TOp(p5IHOI3 3aJIe}KH, JIe}KHT B OC-
HOBO JIHI'HHHOBOI3 TeOpHH o6pa3OBaH~HH ryMyCOBbIX yrJiex.
Me}KJ[y TeM HaKOHJIeHHe HerHJjpoJIH3yeMbIX BenjeCTB Ha6JIto-
JjaeTC5i H npH HCKYCCTBeHHOM TOpq)oo6pa3oBaHHH B JIa6OpaTOpHbIX
yCJIOBHfIX, KOrjja BbIMbIBaHHe B006Hje HCKJIIOTIeHO (H. M. BeJIH-
KoBa, E. B. KOHJjpaTbeB H M. H. KOCTHHe, - IIInpHHrep H JIeHep).
fIoAo6Hble (paKTbl 3aCTaBJI5IIOT yCOMHHTbCSI B TOM, TITO HaKOnJIe-
HHe JIHrHHIia B TOP(kaX 06'bHCHSIeTC5i pOCTOM JIHInb OTHOCHTeJIb-
HbIX erO KOJIHTIeCTB, H JjeJIaIOT BeCbMa BepOSITHbIM npeanOJIO}KeHHe
0 CHHTe3e HOBbIX JIHI'HHHOnOJjo6HbIX BeLueCTB, o6pa3yIOIUHXCH
B rJIy6HHe 60JIOTa.
B XHMHH Top(pa npHHHTO Ha3bIBaTb HerHJjpoJIH3yeMbII3 OCTaTOK
JIHPHHHOM, HO OH BKJIIOIIaeT, KpOMe JIHPHHHa, KYTHH, cy6epHH,
CHOpOHHHbI, noJIeHHHbI. BBH.I y oco6oII CTOI'IKOCTH 3THX BeUjeCTB,
H. M. Kyp6aTOB npe.r.naraJr oueHHBaTb no HX npoueHTHOMy CO-
Jjep3KaHHIO B Top( e .
TaK KaK 06pa3OBaHHe KYTHHa B rJIy6HHe TOp(p1HbIX 3aJIe}Kei
HCKJIHOTIeHO, COOTHOnIeHHSI KYTHHa H JIHrHHHa MOryT KOCBeHHO
YKa3aTb Ha npoueCCbl, HJ[yluHe B HerHJjpOJIH3yeMOM KOMfJIeKCE'
Top(j)a. HaH6onee nOKa3aTeJIbHbIM JAJIH 3TOro OKa3aJICSI KOpHe-
BHIUHO-OCOKOBbII3 TOp(p. BbIJIO HCCJIe.nOBaHO BOCeMb o6pa3uoB
nOCJIel Hero, B3HTbIX H3 HJIaCTOB pa3H0I3 rJIy6HHbI H pa3JIH'HO1I
CTeneHH pa3JI0}KeHH3I. BbiAeJieHHe KYTHHa nPOH3BOJ;HJIH OKHCJIe-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HHeM Herx,rjpoJIH3yeMoro OCTaTKa nepexxcblO BOAOpOAa B aMMHatl-
HOM paCTBOpe no KeHHry.
CoAepxcanHe Beu(ecTB rpynnw KyTHHa B KOpneBHu HO-ocoKOBOM ToptJe
>
M
KYTHH. %
6o
X
q
a
7
v
~.
m
61
m.o
9 e.
5U
00
=
Q
C
MecTopoH {eHHe
0 y
a
>,
a. T
147
cm
F.
0
a
10
o
b
Q
?
LE.,
CL
F
cs>.
~dF
ux
LS
O
X
XmF
20
1
129
KOCMbIHHHO . . . . .
125
12,16
2,67
21,96
2
138
1-aJIHUKH6 MOX . . .
100
12,38
3,47
28,08
25
3
136
BaperoBO, ceBepHbIA yvac-
TOK . . . . . . .
150
17,65
4,51
25,53
4
137
Fa.1MUKH0 MOX . . .
50
11,44
4,18
36,54
30
5
150
B. IlHCuoBCKoe . . .
100
10,49
3,82
36,42
6
143
MapxoBo-C60pxoe . .
200
11,55
3,07
26,58
35
7
131
BaperoBO, K)3KHbII4 yuaCTOK
75
10,42
4,68
44,91
40
8
146
CHTHHKH . . . . . .
75
9,53
3,80
39,88
I3 AaHHbIX Ta6JIHubI CJIeayeT, LITO C pOCTOM pa3JIo fceHHOCTH
TOp()a mpOueHT KyTHHOBOI-I rpynnbl B HerHApOJIH3yeMOM OCTaTKe
paCTeT, a c rJIy6HHOH 3aJieraHHfi n.nacTOB - naAaeT.
fOCKOJIbKy npH 061ueM yBeJlH4eHHH Heru1.(pOJIH3yeMoro
OCTaTKa c rJIy6HHOI3 3aJle)KH npoueHT KyTHHOBOf rpynnbl B HeM
na, aeT, pOCT HerHApoJIH3yeMoro OCTaTKa M0}KeT HATH JIHIIIb
3a c T O6pa3OBaHHH HOBbIX JIHrHHHOnO,uo6HbIX Be1UeCTB. Pa3BH-
BaJOLUHI3CH B r.ny6HHe TOp(p5lHbIX 3aJie}Ke13 CHHTe3 JIHrHHHOnOJ06-
HbIX TeJI, TaKHM o6pa3oM, OHeBHAeH.
YCTaHOBJIeHHe 9TOro (paKTa noxiepKHBaeT pOJIb CHHTeTHileCKHX
npoueCCOB B (JOpMHpOBaHHH TOp(pHHbIX OTJIO}KeHHI3 H nocJleAylo-
meN HX yr.le()HKauHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MEXAHI3M TEPMIIILIECKOIa AECTPYRAHH
H CHHTE3A KOKCA
E. A. HOBHLIxoBa, B. E. Pa?iconcx1a,
T. I. KomogeBa, D. JI. KaraHonHV, X. H. PHBxuRa
(HuCTUTyr Topg5a AH BCCP, Mumcm)
H3yueHHe npoueCcOB TepMHIIeCKOf AeCTPYKIUHH BbICOKOMOJIe-
KYJIHPHbIX coeAHHeHHIfi, BXOA IL1 HX B COCTaB TOnJIHB, nOKa3bIBaeT,
LITO B OCHOBe o6pa30BaHHH HH3KOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX BeujeCTB, a TaK]Ke
H npoijeCCOB nOJIygeHHH KoKCa JIe}KaT XHMHLIeCKHe peaKuHH, npH-
BOA51MHe, C OAHOI3 CTOpOHbI, K pa3yKpyfHeHHIO BbICOKOMoJIeKyJIHp-
HbIX coeAnHeHHI3, a C :ApyrOH, - K CHHTe3y rpOM03AKHX MOJIeKYJI
KOKCa.
HOMHMO peaKUHH KpeKHHra, HIHPOKOe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe HMeIOT
fP0I CCbI oMbIJIeHHST, TeKYHjHe conpH3KeHHO C peaKUHSIMH AerHApa-
TauHH, a TaK}Ke peaKuHH AenoJIHMePH3aLLHH H TepMHLIeCKOH AHC-
COUHaIjHH. 9TH napaJinejlbHO H nocJIeAoBaTeJIbHO TeKYIUHe peaK-
IjHH nPHBOJTS1T K nOJIYLIeHHIO HH3KOMOJIeKyJIHp.HbIX BeajecTB.
06pa3OBaHHe q)eHOJIOB, yKCyCHOH KHCJIOTbI H pHHAa apyrHX
coeAHHeHHI3 nPOTeKaeT BCJIeACTBHe oMbIJIeHHfi fPOCTbIX H CJI03K-
HbIX 3(pHpOB, BXOARHI;HX B COCTaB TOrIJIHBa. OMbIJIeHHe TeLIeT npH
y'aCTHH nHporeHHOI3 BOAbl, B YCJIOBHHX fPHHYAHTeJIbHOFO BBeAe-
HHH napoB BuAbi. BBeaeHHe napoB H2O BbI3bIBaeT pa3MbIKaHHe
(f ypaHIOBbIX suAep TonJIHBa, LITO MO)KHO Ha6JIIoaaTb no o6pa3OBaHHIO
HC - OOH. PacnaA noA aaBJIeHHeM B npHCYTCTBHH napoB H2O
EOLITH HauejiO BblAe.nxeT a30T TOHJIHBa B BHAe NH3.
HHTeHCHBHO Te'IeT AeCTPYKUHH KHCJI(>poACOAep3KaMHx coeAH-
HeHHI3 B npHCYTCTBHH Henpeae.lbHbIX Ha4)TeHOB - nepeHOCLIHKOB
Bo)jopoAa: o6pa30BaHHe YKCYCHOI3 KHCJIOTbI 143 neKTHHOB B MacJIH-
HbIX cpeAax AocTHraeT 3Ha'IHTeJIbHbIX BeJIHLIHH. BMeCTe C TeM
LIaCTb HH3KOMoJIeKyJI5IpHbIX COeAHHeHHId nonyYaeTCH H3 TOnJIHBa
3a CLIeT LIHCTO q)H3HLIeCKHX npoueccoB: HcnapeHHSI, cy6JIHMauHH,
nyJIbBepIl3auHH.
O6pa3oBaHHe KOKCa y 6oraTbIX KHCJIOpOAOM TOHJIHB npOTeKaeT
B ABe CTaAHH: a) pa3pyuleH'He, 6) CHHTe3; npoxoAH LIepe3 pa3py-
uleHHe yFJIeBOAHOII H JIHrHHHHOH CTPYKTYpbI, npoijecc 3aBeplHaeT-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CH CHHTe30M KOMHOHeHTOB MHorosIAepHOI1 rpa(pHTOo6pa3HOrI CTpyK-
Typ bI.
BHyTpHMOJIeKyJISIpHble npouecebI 06yrJIHBaHHSI yrJleBoAno-ry-
MYCOBbIX KOMIIOHeHTOB MOrYT npHBCCTH K noJlpIeHHIO KOKCa, CO-
Aep}Kaiuero Ao 80-85% yrJiepoAa; AaJlbnefulee nOBbIUIeHHe co-
,I(ep3KaHHH yrJiepoAa HacTynaeT 3a C' eT Me3KMoJIexyJIHpxbIx npo-
ueCCOB: KOHAeHcaUHH apoMaTHtieCKHX coeAHHeHHI3 (C BbIAeJIeHHeM
H20, H2) H o6pa3oBaHHSi BbICOKOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX coeAHHeHHIi
C BbICOKHM coAep)KaHHeM yrJiepoAa. B OCHOae o6pa3osaHH51 cneK-
iuerocci KOKCa JIe3KaT npoueccbi: 1) nJIaBJIeHHH H MOJIeKYJISIpHOCO
c6JIH}KeHHH, 2) KOiiAencauHH apomaTHqeCKHX coeAHHeHHII H 3a-
TBepAeBBHH5I. KOMnOHeHTaMH, BbI3bIBaiou HMH CneKaHHe yrJIeI1,
5IB4I5IIOTC51 HH3KOMOJIeKYJISIpHble, TepMHtieCKH CTOI1KHe, cnoc06Hbie
pa3M5irgaTbC5I apoMaTHIieCKHe CoeAHHeHHSI; Y MOJIOAbIX TOnJIHB
3HaiIHTeJIbHYIO POJIb HrpaIOT npOAYKTbI TepMHqeCKoro pacnaAa
JIHI'HHHa H Apyrne COeAHHeHHSI apOMaTmeCKOI1 npHpOAbI.
Y TOnJIHB BbICOKOI3 CTeneHH yrJleclHKaunH noTepsi Cn0006HOCTH
nepeXOAHTb B HJIaCTHLIHO(' COCTOSIHIIe SIBJI5ieTCSI noTepei CHOCO6HO-
CTH BCTYnaTb B XHMHileCKHfI KOHTaKT H BCJIeACTBHe 3TOrO o6pa3o-
BbIBaTb npo4HoaTOMHOCB513aHHbie CHcTeMbl. Topq)bI o611aAalOT
orpaHHqeHHOH CneKaeMOCTbIO BcAIeACTBHe BbICOKOK nOpHCTOCTH H
MaJIOro couepxcaHHH apomaTHqeCKHX COeAHHeHHf, o6yCJIOBJIHBaiO-
U HX CneKaHHe. HCKyOCTBeHHbie Ao6aBKH JIHrHHHa K TOp(pY nOBbI-
luaioT HHTeHCHBHOCTb npoueCCOB CneKa'HHSI H nOTiTH B Asa pa3a
YBeJIH4HBafOT npOqHOCTb KOKCOB.
FJIaBHbIMH peaKUHSIMH CneKaHHeI iipH KOKCOO6pa3OBaHHH SIB-
AM OTCSI peaKUHH KOHAeHcauHH: a) apoMaTHqeCKHX yrJleBoAopoAoB,
6) apOMaTHT1eCKHX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB C (peHOJIaMH, B) (peHOJIOB (ripo-
AYKTOB pacnaAa JIHTHHHOB) c (peHOJIaMH, r) apOMaTHLIECKHX yrJle-
BOAOpOAOB (H (peHOJIOB) C npOH3BOAHbIMH cpypana.
YrJIH, TpyAHO cneKaiouJHecsi, AaIOT JIyqUIHH KOKC, TaK )Ke KaK
H Topcp, npH yI1JIOTHeHHH H npH Ao6aBKax apomaTHqeCKHX yrJie-
BOAOpoAOB.
BOJIbLUHHCTBO TOp(pOB, o6JIaAagq BbICOKOH HOpHCTOCTbIO H TepiIA
npH TepMH4eCKOM pacnaAe 3HaLIHTeJIbHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO JIeTy4HX,
M0)KeT o6pa3'OBaTb npOqHbII3 CneKHIHi1CH KOKC TOJIbKO npH yCJIO-
BHH: a) HHTeHCHBHO1i HaqaJIbHOI1 yKJ1aAKH MaTepHaJia, 6) OTCyT'CT-
BH$I KOMHOHeHTOB, npenMTcTByiouLHx ycaAKe KOKCa BO BCeX CTa-
AHSIX, H B) paBHOMepHOTO pacnpeAeJIeHHSi ueMeHTHpy}ou HX KOM-
11OHeHTOB apoMaTHYecKOf1 npxpoubi; fO3TOMY AHCIIeprnpOBaHHe -
McxaHHYeCKaSI nepepa60TKa, SIBJIHeTCSI 065I3aTeJIbHbIM MeponpxH-
THeM. HOJIO)KHTeJIbHYIO POJIb HrpaeT yAa.IeHHe KHCJIOpOAa B03AyXa
H3 TonJIHBa. r1OJIyKOKC H KOKC He SIBJIBJOTCSi CBo60AHbIM yrJiepOAOM
HJIH erO KOHueHTpaTOM. KOKC COCTOHT 113 BbICOKOMOJIeKYJI51 HbIX CO-
eAHHeHHIi, npeHMYuieCTBeHHO H3 apomaTHqeCKHX MHOrOSIAepHbIX
fPOAYKTOB, o6JIaamwHX pSIAOM CBOHCTB, 3aBHC51uHX OT CTpOeHHSI
9 3aKaB Ni 1010 125
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KOMIIOHeHTOB, XHMHLIeCKHr1 COCTaB .Tno60r0 KOKCa MO)KHO peryJlH-
pOBaTb. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM HpeaCTaBJISIeTCH B03MO}KHbIM CHH-
Te3HPOBaTb KOKCbI: 1) 6oraTble KHCJIOpOAOM, 2) 6eaHble KHCJIOpO-
AOM, a TaKxce o6-bHCHHTb o6pa3oBaHHe KOKCOB, 6OraTbIX a30TOM
Ii cepof. Coj[ep3KaHHe KHCJIOPOaa B KOKCe CTOHT B IIpHMOH 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT COaep}KaHHSI (peHOJIOB B HCXOAHOM ripoAyKTe H B 06paT-
HOM - OT COAep}KaHH$I aPOMaTHqeCKHX yrJleBOAOpOAOB. PeaKUHOH-
HaSI CnoCO6HOCTb KOKCOB 3aBHCHT He TOJIbKO OT Be.IHgH,Hbl nOBepX-
HOCTH KOKca, HO H OT ero XHMHqeCKOI3 CTpyKTypbI. rlpej cTaBJIHeTcSI
B03MO}KHbIM o60CHOBaTb H TaKOe CBOI3CTBO KOKCa, KaK 3JIeKTPO-
npOBOj[HOCTb.
PeaKUHOHHaH cnoco6HOCTb KO'KCOB He OrpaHHLIHBaeTCSI o6-
JIaCTbIO peaKIZHH OKH'CJIeHHH H BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI. IIOMHMO peaKuHI3
C KHCJIOp0aCOaep]KaUUHMH BeJIjeCTBaMH, KOKCbI rIOKa3bIBa1OT pa3-
JIHTIHyI0 PeaKUHOHHYIO CHOCO6HOCTb no OTHOUIeHHIO K npoueccaM
a JIKHJIHPOBBHH5I 'H apHJIHpoBaHHH.
,Ua>Ke KOKCbI, HporpeTble AO TeMnepaTypbI 950?, He TepRIIOT
cIIOCO6HOCTH pearHposaTb c apoMaTHLIeCKHMH yrJleBoj[0poaaMH,
a TaK)Ke 9THJIeHoM, H npHCOej[HHeHHe 9THX Beu CTB K KOKCy COnpo-
Bo)Kj[aeTC5I 9KBHMOJIeKYJISIPHbIM BbIAeJIeHHeM Bo11opoaa.
PeaKUUHII KOKcoo6pa3oBaHH,9, TeKymHe Ha IIOBepXHOCTH KOKCOB,
XapaKTepHbl CBoeItI CIIeuHq)HqHOCTb!o H 3aBHCHT OT XHMHgeCKO1i
npHPOJ bI KOKca.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, B HaCT05u uee BpeMH B AOCTaTOgHO I CTeneHH
B03MO)KHO ynpaBJIHTb npoueocoM KOKCOo6pa3OBaHH5I.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIE PEArEHTbI L JIf 4)JIOTAIRHH YI'JIEII
M. B. I HnepoBHe, B. r.IInzocnKn
(Bocrowxbtu may*iuo-ucc4eOoearenbcxuu yehexuMuuecxuu uncruryr,
Ceep8.2oecx)
B HaCTOSInjee BpeMg ILJISI (kJIOTaILHH yrJlec npHMeHSIK)T XHMH-
'IeCKH CJIO}KHble II HenOCTOHHHble nO COCTaBY peareHTbi. 3KcnepH-
McHTHpy51 C TaKIIMH peareHTaMH, HeBO3MO}KHO yCTaHOBHTb onpe-
AeJieHHyfo 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B HX aeRCTBHH.
HaMH npose1LeHbl HccJIeAoBaHHH 41IIOTaIIHOHHOrO aeIICTBH51
qHCTbIX HHILHBHayaJlbHbIX XHMHTIeCKHX BeuLeCTB, BXOJLHIILHX B
TaKHe pacnpOCTpaHeHHbie peareHTbl AJIH (~JIOTalXHH yrJlsi, KaK
KaMeHHOYPOJIbHble MacJia H HeKOTOpbie He(kTSlHbie nPOAYKTbI.
TaK KaK Ha pe3yJlbTaTbl 4)JIOTaUHH OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHHe He TOJIb-
KO MHHepaJIOrHqeCKHI3 COCTaB, HO H MaKpO- H MHKPOCTPYKTYPHbII3
COMB yrJiA, HCCJIe,1OBaHHe AefiCTBH5i peareHTOB nPOH3BO,LLHJIH He
npH ()JIOTaILHH yrJix B ILeJIOM, a nyTeM pa3.L eJIbHOH (pJIOTaI.JHH
6JIecTAHLHX H MaTOBbIX ero pa3HOBH.ILHOCTe}3. KpoMe Toro, TaK 'KaK
pe3yJlbTaTbl (4JIOTaLLHH B 3HaT{HTeJIbHOI3 Mepe 3aBHCSIT OT CTeneHH
McTBMOp(~H3Ma yrJlSl, HccJIeAOBaHHe 4)JIOTaUHOHHOPO J CTBHSI
peareHTOB H OH3BOAHJIH C yrJIHMH BCeX CTaAHfi McTaMOp(HH3Ma.
B KageCTBe co6HpaTeJIeI3 AJIH ()JIOTaILHH npHMeHHJIH MHorO-
gHCJIeHHbie aJIKHJi6eH3OJIbI, npeAeJIbHbie H HenpeAeJIbHble auHKJIH-
qeCKHe CoeAHHeHHSI H aJIHLZHKJIHTieCKHe.
IZPOBe.eHHbie HCCJIeAOBaHHSI nOKa3aJIH, WO HaH6oJiee aKTHB-
HbIMH CO6HpaTeJISIMH SIBJIHIOTCSI aJIKHJl6eH30JIbl c pa3BeTBJIeHHbIMH
60KOBbIMH ILenHMH. OnTHMa.IbHoe KOJIHLIeCTBO yrJlepoAa B 60K0-
BbIX ILenHX HaXOAHTCH B npeAeJiax 6-9.
BeCbMa aKTHBHbIMH CO6HpaTeJlbHbIMH CBOf3CTBBMH o6JIaAalOT
HenpeAeJlbHbie COeJLHHeHHSI, 0006eHHO npOCTeiuIHe noJ!HMepHble
COeAHHeHHSI, HanpHMep, 1OJIHMepbl 6yTHJIeHa, nponHJreHa. Hacbi-
IILeHHbie COe)IHHeHHSI He 5IBJIHIOTC51 CO6HpaTeJISIMH Aa3Ke npH OlieHb
6OJIbWIIOM pacxoAe. I7pocTeffluHe Ha4)TeHbl TaK?Ke He o6JlaAaIOT
CO6HpaTeJlbHbIMH CBOHCTBaMH.
TaKHM o6pa30M, aKTHBHble CO6HpaTeJIH npeILCTaBJISIIOT C060i11
anoJnslpxble COeAHHeHHH C aCHMMeTpH'IHbIM CTpOeHHeM MoneKyJI
9? 127
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H, CJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO, RIinOJIbHbIM MOMeHTOM 60JIbHIe HyJIH. COIIOCTaB-
JIeHHe (JJIOTaUH0HHOII aKTHBHOCTH C RHrOJIbHbIM MOMeHTOM HOKa-
3bIBaeT, 'ITO C yBeJIHqeHHeM AHnOJIbHOro MOMeHTa HOBbIIHaeTC51
(p JIOToaKTHBHOCTb anOJISIPHbIX coeAHHeHHI3.
FeTeponoJnlpHble nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHble COeAHHeHHSi (Ha-
npHMep, aJIH(paTHYeCKHe CHHpTbI) HBJISI}OTCH CJIa6bIMH co6HpaTe-
JISIMH, H npHTOM rJIaBHbIM 06pa3OM npH (pJIOTauHH yr ieiI KOKCOBOII
CTaAHH McTaMop(pH3Ma.
KpoMe Toro, 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJIeHO, tITO HMeeTCSI COBepUIeHHO
onpeAeJleHHaSI 3aBHCHMOCTb Me}KAy 9JIeMeHTaPHbIM COCTaBOM
yrJiSi H ero eCTeCTBeHHOIf (4JIOTHpyeMOCTMO (6e3 npHMeHeHHSI
peareHTOB). IIO Mepe yMeHb1UCHHH OTHOHIeHHSI KOJIH'-IeCTBa yrJie-
poAa K KHCJIOpOAy eCTeCT'BeHHaH (pJIOTHpyeMOCTb naAaeT. 3TO SIB-
JIeHHe HMeeT McCTO KaK AJTSI 6JIeCTHHZHX, TaK H Aim MaTOBbIX KOM-
nOHeHTOB yrJiell. CJIeAoBaTeJIbHO, qeM Menee MPTaMOp(pH3OBaH
yrOJlb, TeM 6onee 3HeprHqHble co6HpaTe.IH HeO6XOAHMO npH-
McHSITb. KaK 6JIeCTHHLHe, TaK H MaTOBble KOMIIOHeHTbI KOKCOBbIX
yr. efl JIyqwe (pJIOTHpYIOTCH B c.nyqae HpHMeHeHHH aKTHBHbIX CO-
6HpaTeneI3, tieM TaKHe we KOMHOHeHTbI ra30BbIX yrJieH. BJIecTH-
[uHe KOMHOHeHTbI (pJIOTHPYIOTCH 3Ha4IHTeJIbHO JIyqiue MaTOBbIX
yrJieH BCeX CTaAHI3 McTaMop(pH3Ma, HO oco6eHHO 6oJIbwa}I pa3-
nHua Ha6JIIoAaeTCH npH (kJIOTauMH ra30BbIX yrJIeI3, XITO n03BOJI%eT
OCYIueCTBHTb CeJIeKTHBHy1O (pJIOTaIHIO HeKOTOpbIX yrJlex no neTpo-
rpa4 wleCKOMy npH3HaKy.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
IIOJIYiIEHHE XHMH'IECKIX IIPOJWI TOB
H3 HEPBHiIHbIX F AMEHHOYI'OJIbHbIX CMOJI
METOJJAMH rHAPOrEHH3AI)(HH
HOB[ HEBbICORHM RABJIEHHEM
A. A.ICpn Ko, A.H.HgeJHHa,
JI. C. C0BeT0Ba, JI. H. HIaruHa
I-IepBH'IHble KaMeHHOyrOJIbHble CMOJIbI, noJlytialoluxecA npH
HH3KO- H cpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOH neperoHKe yrJIA, S1BJIHK)TCA ueH-
HOI1 CbIpbeBOH 6a301i A.nH npOH3BOA'CTBa pa3JIHqHbIX XHMH'IeCKHX
coeAHHeHHfl, B OCHOBHOM apo aTHLIeCKoro XapaKTepa - (eHOJIOB,
6eH30JIa, TOJIyovna, KCHJIOJIOB, Haq)TaJIHHa H ero rOMOJI'OrOB, He-
O6XOAHMbIX aim pa3BHTH51 IPOH3B0ACTBa njlaCTMacc, HCKyccTBeH-
Horo BOJIOKHa, MOIOLuHX cpeACTB.
Cy1ueCTByIOH1He npOMbIIIIJIeHHble McTOAbI rHaporeHH3aIXHOHHON
nepepa60TKH CMOJI RDA BbICOKHM RaBJIeHHeM (300-700 ant),
OpIIeHTHpOBaHHble B OCHOBHOM Ha nOJIytieHHe MOTOpHbIX TOnJIHB,
He HaiIJIH IIIHPOKOI'O npHMeHeHHA BBHAy BbICOKOI3 CTOHM'OCTH
noJlytiaeMbIX npOAyKTOB.
B Jla6opaTOpHH rHAporeHH3auHH I4HCTHTyTa roplOtlHX HCKOnae-
Mblx AH CCCP npOBOAHTCA Hcc.neAoBaHHA no pa3pa6oTKe KOM-
6HHHpOBaHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHIIeCKHX cxeM rHAporeHH3a9l-IOHHoro
npeBpalueHHA )KHAKHX npOAyKTOB fHpOJIH3a yr.IA nOA HeBbI-
COKHM J.[aBJIeHHeM - AO 100 aTa - B ueHHble xHMmIeCKHe npo-
JjyKTbl.
rlpeJ[MeTOM HaCTOSIH.Iero COO61ueHH51 ABJIAIOTCA pe3yJlbTaTbl,
no.lygeHHble npH nepepa6oTKe CMOJIbI CpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOrO
nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH tIepeMXOBCKHX yrJleN.
Ilepepa6oTKa CMOJIbI 3aKJIK)tlaeTC5I B noJIy4eHHH AHCTHJIJIATa
C TeMnepaTypOI3 KHneHHSI A o 360? 11 OCTaTKa. OCTaTOK HCnOJIb-
3yeTCH B KaqeCTBe CBA3yIon ero npH 6pHKeTHpOBaHHH KaMCHHb1X
yrJIeII HJIH J(JIH npHrOTOBJIeHHA BJIeKTPOJ[HOrO KOKca. B noCJIeAHeM
cJlytIae }KHAKHe npOAYKTbI KOKCOBaHHA neKa nepepa6aTbIBaIOTcH
BMeCTe C AHCTHJIJISITHbIMH CJpaKLI,nAMH CMOJIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
143 AHCTHJIJIHTHbIX 4 paKLHI3 BbiAeJiIIOTCH (peHOJIu, HeHTpaJIb-
Hble KHCJIOp'OAHble coeAHHeHHSI, a30THCTble OCHOBaHHH B KOJIHLIeCTBe
12-15% OT Beca CMOJIbi, KOTOpble HOCJIe OLIHCTKH 06bILIHbIMH
McTOAaMH CJIy)KaT CbIpbeM Aim HPOH3BOACTBa fJIaCTM3CC, q)JIOTO-
peareHOB, nJIaCTH4 HKaTopoB, allTHKOpp03HIgHbIX Ao6aBOK H Ap.
Pa(kHHaT nOABepraeTCSI rHApOOLIHCTKe fOA AaBJleHHeM 40 aTM
HaA aJIIOMOKo6aJIbTMOJI.H6AaTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTOpoM.
143 rHApOreHH3aTa BbIAeJIHK)TCB HOPMaJIbHble napa4)HHbI Me-
TOAOM KOMnJIeKCoo6pa3OBaHHH C Kap6aMHAOM. llapa(pHHbI MOT
6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbl B KaLIeCTBe CblpbI npH npOH3BOACTBe MOIOLU$X
cpeACTB, npHrOTOBJIeHHH Kpa'COK H JleKapCTBeHHbIX npenapaTOB.
OCTaTOK rHAPoreHH3aTa, COCTO$HiZHl3 B OCHOBHOM H3 CoeAHHeHHFi
apoMaTHLIeCKOro H rHApoapoMaTHLIeCKoro xapaKTepa, KHnsIH;Hx
B npeAe.nax 170-360?, noABepraeTCH nepepa6oTKe BO BTOpoc
CTyneHH npouecca rHAporeHH3auuH noA AaBJIeHHeM Ao 100 aTM
c nOJlyLIeHHeM 6eH3owIa, TOJIyoJIa, KCHJIOJIOB, Haq)TaJIHHa, a- H
R-McTHJIHaq)TaJIHHOB, apoMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX paCTBOpHTeJIeI-I B KOJIH-
LIeCTBe 15-20 % Ha cMOJIy, BbICOKOOKTaHOB0r0 6eH3HHa - OKOJIO
15 %, - H CbIpbH AJIH noatyLleHHH nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX BenjeCTB
B KOJIHLIeCTBe 15-20%.
O61uHH pacxoA BOAOPOAa Ha nepepa6oTKy CMOJIbI COCTaBJISIeT
2-2,5%, HTO B HeCKOJIbKO pa3 McHbuie, LIeM Tpe6yeTcH npH nepe-
pa6OTKe no cyH>,ecTByloLUHM npoMbnn.IeHHbIM cxeMaM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIE METO)JbI HPOH3BORCTBA BOAOPOAA
HA OCHOBE TBEPRbIX TOHJII'IB
B. B. JIe6CAeB
(Hncrur,T eopro*iux ucsonaembix AH CCCP, Mocicea)
IIpo611eMa no.nyueHn I AeuleBoro BoLOpoaa B BbICOKOnbOH3B0-
JLHTeJIbHbIX arperaTax HBJIHeTCH Ba)KHOH HapOAHOX03HHCTBeHHOH
3aAageH. f1ep-CneKTHBHbIMH McTOAaMH noilyLIeHHSI Bouapoaa MOT
6bITb HenpepbIBHble npoueccb, OCHOBaHHble Ha BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH
CMeIIIaHHbIX KOHTaKTOB, B COCTaBe KOTOpbIX HaXOAHTCB OKHCb
}KejIe3a, AeUIeBbIMH ra30BbIMH HJIH TBep,LbIMH BOCCTaHOBHTeJIHMH
C noCJIeAyIOIUHM OKHCJIeHHeM HX napoM.
HaMH npHBeAeHbl pe3yJIbTaTbI H3yYeHH5I KHHeTHKH BoCCTaHOBH-
TeJIbHOH 4 a3bI McTaJIJIO-napOBoro npouecca noJly~leHHSl BoAopoza
C HCnOJIb3oBaHHeM ra3oBOro H TBepAOrO BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH, KHHe-
THKH OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH (4a3bl 3THX npouecCOB (Ha }Ke.Ie3e H cmeulaH-
HbIX KOHTaKTax), a TaK>Ke TexHOJIOTHYeCKHe CXeMbI HOBbIX Henpe-
pbIBHbIX McTOAOB nOJIyqeHH I BOAOpoAa c npHMeHeHHeM B KatIeCTBe
BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH KOKCa 6ypblX yrJleH H B03AymHoro reHepaTOp-
Horo ra3a, pa3pa6OTaHHble B HHCTHTTTe roploqHx HCKOnaeMblx
AH CCCP.
H en pep BIB HbI ii McTaJIJIO - napOBOH M cTOA nOJIy-
,IeHHH BoAOpoAa c ra30BbIM BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeM.
HaiAeHO, TITO npHMeHeHHe CMeulaHHbIX KOHTaKTOB (Fe203, Na2O)
3c1x eKTHBHO AJISI HH3KOTeMnepaTypHOro BbICOKOnpOH3BOAHTeJIb-
Horo McTaJIJIo-napoBoro npouecca noJIyteHHH BoAopoAa (t = 450-
500?) .
H3yrleHHe KHHeTHKH BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHOH H OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH #3
npouecca n03BOJIHJIO pa3pa60TaTb TexHOJIOrHTIeCKYIO cxeMy He-
npepbIBHOrO McTOAa noJlygexnSI Bo,ILopo.rLa c npHMeHeHHeM B Ka-
ilecTBe BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH 6aJIJIaCTHbIx ra3oB (B03AyIUHbIA, reHepa-
TOpHbIH, AOMeHHbIH, nOA3eMHOH ra3Hc HKauHH H AP.), KOTOpaH
,6brJla onpO6oBaHa Ha yKpyHHeHHOH yCTUHOBKe.
BOOCTaHOBHTeJIbHaI H OKHCJIHTeJIbHaI 4)a3bI npouecca npoao-
JLHJIHCb B pa3Hblx annapaTaX B KHfHIueM cJloe c ILHpKyJIAgHeH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
McJIK03epHHCToro KOHTaKTa Me}KJjy annapaTaMH no CJIeAyx)LUHm
peaKUHSIM:
MeO + H2 (CO) -> Me + H2O (CO2),
Me ? H2O --> MeO + H2.
YCTOI-IqHBbII3 cTauHonapxbII3 npouecc npoTexajl, eCJIH CTaAH}
BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH npOAoJDKaeTCH 10 MHH. (t = 480?), a cTajHH
OKHCJIeHHH - 2 MHH. (t = 450?). IlpH 3TOM nPOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTb
npouecca no B0JI0 0 y ,TocTHra.na 4,0 J.t3/uac c 1 ica 3arpy3KH,
a CTenexb pa3JIo}KeHHH napa - 72 %. CTeneHb HCnOJIb3oBaHH5I
OKHCH yrJiepoia B ra3e BOCCTaHOBHTeJIH COCTBBJIHJIa 40%. B KO-
HetIHOM ra3e OCTaBa.nOCb Ao 22,6% OKHCH yrJlepoAa, IITO H03BO-
JIHJIO npeAycMOTpeTb B TeXHOJIorwIeCKOII cXeMe npoMbILIIJIeHHOro
6HHyHeHHx BoAOpo,i a nojjaqy oCTaTogHoro ra3a Ha ra30BYIO Typ-
Y?
BOAopojj, noJIy'IeHHblfi npH pa60Te Ha yKpynHeHHOf3 yCTaHOBKe,
B Cpe)jHeM coAep}Kaji go 0,5% OKHCH yr.nepoaa. Pa3pa6oTaHHbIfI
McTOA OTJIHqaeTCH OT cylueCTByIOLUHX p1Ij1OM BbIrOAHbIX oco6eHHO-
CTef%: KOMnaKTHOCTbIO yCTaHOBKH, 6oJIbIHeI3 HpOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTbIO,
BbICOKOfi CTeneHblO HCHOJIb3oBaHHSI CbIpbH; Kp0Me Toro, HOJIy4eHHe
BoAopoja ocyu eCTBJISIeTCSI npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax (450-480?).
143 TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHYeCKHX HccJIeAOBaHHfi pa3pa6oTaHHoro,
McTOAa CJIeAyeT, XITO CTOHMOCTb BOROpOAa, fOJIytIeHHOro HO HO-
BOMY McTOAy, HH}Ke CTOHMOCTH BOAOpOAa, npOH3BOAHMOrO CJIej(yIO-
n1,HMH npoMbIIHJIeHHbIMH cnoco6aMH.
HenpepblBHbIrI }KeJIe3O-napOBOfI McTO,q noJly-
,IeHHH BoAopoAa C TBepAbIM BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeM.
H3ytleHHe KHHeTHKH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH OKHCJIOB }KeJIe3a n03BOJIHJIO
pa3pa6o'raTb TeXHojlorHgecKyio cXeMy HenpepbIBHOrO }KeJIe3O-
napo oro McToAa HoJIytleHHH BOAOpoAa B CTauHOHapHOM CJIOe
C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM McJIK03epHHCTbIX OKHCJIOB }KeJIe3a (4 paKUHH
0,25-0,5 Aim) H KOKCa H nOJIYKOKCa 6ypblX yrllefl (cppaxgHH
0,25-3,0 Mm).
CTerIeHb HcriOJIb3OBaHH51 nOJIYKOKCa COCTaBJIHeT 44%, H B TeX-
HoJrorHLIeCKOft exeMe npouecca npeJlycMaTpHBaeTCH AaJlbHefliuee
npJMeHeHHe nwJIyKOKca aim ra3HClHKaUHH B KHHHHZeM CJloe; nOJIy-
,ieHHbll3 ra3 HanpaBJIHeTCH Ha o6orpeB annapaTOB.
IZpouecc fOCTPOeH Ha HenpepblBHOfI UHpKYJIHUHH OKHCH }KeJIe3a
B annapaTax. B BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHbIfI anHapaT BBOAHTCH OKHCb
}KeJIe3a H 1OJIYKOKC HTaTCKOFO yrJIH H3 pa3HbIX 6yHKepOB, KOTO-
pble 06orpeBalOTCH UHPKYJIHpyK)LUHM ra30M, no iygaeMbIM B BOC-
CTaHOBHTeJIbHoM arinapaTe H HCHOJIb3yeMOM KaK TenJIOHOCHTeJIb.
OKHCb xceJie3a H HenpopearHposaBLHHH nOJIYKOKC noAalOTCSI
B OKHCJIHTeJlbnblft anHapaT, rAe npoHCxojiHT 06pa3OBaHHe BOAO-
poAa, coAep}KaLuero He 6o.nee 0,4% OKHCH yrJlepoAa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
floc.ne OKHCJIHTe.nbHOIO annapaTa peax1HOHHa I cMecb noCTy-
naeT B MaFHHTHbIH cenapaTOp, oijjejiHK)IuHII OKHCb }KeJIe3a, KOTO-
pasl nOTOKOM uHpxyJn1pyloujero ra3a Hari paBJISIeTCH CHOBa B 6yH-
Kep.
IIOJIy4eHHbIu B BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHOM annapaTe ra3 HMeeT c.me
AyIOI LHII COCTaB: H3 KOKca HTaTexoro yrJla: C02-20,9%; CO-
71,25 %; H2-7,35%; H3 HO.nyxoxca HTaTexoro yrJlsl: CO2 -
16,45%; CO -66,20%; H2 - 17,35%.
Pa3pa6oTaFIHbII3 McTOJL oTJIHgaeTCH OT Bcex cyLaecTByIOIwiX.
BO3MOMKHOCTbIO HCHOJIb3OBaHH51 B Ka-IeCTBe BOCCTaHOBHTeJIH ,Ijeiue-
BbIX TBep,bIX MHOP03OJlbHbIX TOHJIHB, LITO 3Ha4HTeJIbHO y,elueBHT
noiIyilaeMblll BOAOpOJj. l-lpOH3BOJjHTeJIbHOCTb npouecca (5,57 i3
H21'iC'C C 1 NO 3arpy3KH) B HeCKOJIbKO AeCHTKOB pa3 npeBblffiaeT
npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTb nepHO.AHtIecKoro }KeJte3o-napOBoro npouecca.
HOBble McTOAbI nOJIy4IeHH5I BoAopoAa XapaKTepH3yIoTC51 KOM-
naKTHOCTbIO yCTaHOBOK, BbICOKOII npOH3BO,i[HTeJIbHOCTb1O H MoryT
HaI3TH npHMeHeHHe Ha npeAnpHMTHHX XHMHLIeCKOII H MaCJIOxcHpO-
BoI3 npoMbIIHJIeHHOCTH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KJIACCH(DHRAIIIf1 YPJIEII,
OCHOBAHHAfI HA PA3JIWIHH MX XHMHWIECKOIVI
HPHPOAbI
H. K. RaOHOTOB, C. ii. Ilan ieaxo
(Bocrowhbau uaykMO-uccAe8oeare.xbc,uu yenexuuuiecicuu uncruryr,
Ceep8Aoec,)
Pe3yJIbTaTbI HccJIeAOBaHHf3 H TeXHOJIOrH4eCKHX HCnbITaHHH
-6o.nee 1400 npo6 KaMeHHbIX yriieI3 pa3HbIX 6acceI-IHOB CCCP, no-
JlyqeHHbIX B BYXI4He, y6e)KAafoT, LITo eAHHCTBeHHOII OCHOBOIf AJIA
pa3pa6OTKH HaH60Jiee LfeTKOI3 KJIaCCH(JHKaUHH yrafe!f Bcex 6acceK-
HOB no HX TeXHOJIOr}1 CKHM CBOI%ICTBaM (B OTHOHIeHiIH HX IjeH-
HOCTH He TOJIbKO AJIH HPOH3BOACTBa KOKca, HO H AJISI ApyrHx
BHAOB HCnOJIb3OBaHHH) CJIy}KaT AaHHble 3JfeMeHTapHOro aHaJIH3a,
,oTpaxcafoujHe XHMHTieCKYIO HPHPOAy yrJief3, eCJIH npHMeHSITb OAH-
HaKOBble H OnpeAeJIeHHble YCJIOBH5I HX HccJIeAOBaHHSI.
Pa3pa6OTaHHasI Ha OCHOBe OnpeAeJIeHHbIX TeopeTHieCKHX no-
JIO)KeHHff KJIaCCH(JHKaIjHOHHa5 AHarpaMMa nOCTpoeHa Ha 3aBHCH-
MOCTH cneAyforg x AByX OTHOIIIeHHf3 3JIeMeHTOB opraHH4eCKOON
MaCCbI H nHpHTHOf4 cepbI yr.fef3 (B Bec, %) :
H?100 0
Y = C + 0,5Sop+ 0,5S,,P H X = H+0,5Sap
3axoxoMepxoe pacnoJlo}KeHHe yriiei B AaHHOfI KoopAHHaTHOH
CHCTeMe n03BOJIHJIO yCTaHOBHTb, WO JII06oI3 HOKa3aTeJIb TeXHOJIO-
rHtie'CKHX CBOHCTB yriief%I onpeAeJIHeTCSI rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM CJIeAyIo-
IIjHMH (paKTopaMH: neTporpa( jilieCKHM COCTaBOM, CTaAHef3 McTa-
MOp(pH3Ma H CTeneHbIO OKHCJIeHHH HJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH, KOTOpble
O6yCJIOBJIHBaIOT pa3JIHin4e gaHHbIX 3JIeMeHTapHOro aHaJIH3a,
a cJIeAOBaTeJfbno, H xHMHiICCK IO npHpoay yr.neff.
BbIHBJIeHHble 3aKOHOMepHOCTH H3MeHeHHH CBOKCTB yrJfer no a
BJIH}rHHeM 9THX (paKTOPOB (O(popMJIeHHbfe B BHAe CneUHaJlbHbIX
rpa(pHKoB) nOMOrJIH pa3AeJIHTb Ha KJIaCCH4 HKaIZHOHHOH AHarpaM-
Me yrJIH Bcex 6aCCeIfHOB Ha KJIaccbI, rpynnbf H nQArpynnbI. 9TO
AeJIeHHe npOH3BeaeHO no CJIeAyIOnjHM npH3HaKaM:
a) no CnOCO6HOCTH AaBaTb npH HHAHBHAYaJIbHOM KOKCOBaHHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KyCKOBOH KOKC TOR HJIH HHOR COnpOTHBJIHeMOCTH Apo65ILuHM H
HCTHpax)LUHM yCHJIHSIM;
6) no noBeAeHHIO yrJiei B CMeCHX npH KOKCOBaHHH KaK O}KHp-
H5IIOLUHX HJIH OTOIUaIOIILHX KOMnOHeHTOB;
B) no B03MO>KHOCTH coLIeTaHHSi HX B CMeCHX Aim nOJIy4eHH5l
HaH6oJlee npOLIHorO KOKca.
K.naccH(4HxauHOHHasi ILHarpaMMa MO}KeT CJ1 )KHTb TaK}Ke B
Kagecme IIHXTOBOgHOii, n03BOJlsuo ILeH noA6HpaTb AByx-, TpeX-
KOMHOHeHTHble CMecH ymeH, o6ecnegHBaIOLUHe npH onpeAe.ieHHbIX
yCJIOBHSIX no iyLIeHHe KOKCa 3ai(aHHoro KaqecTBa, H npeayraAbisaTb
B03MO}KHOe KaLIeCTBO KOKCa H3 CMecei 3aaaHHOrO COCTaBa.
CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb TaK}Ke, LITO pa3pa6OTaHHaSI KJIaCCH()HKa-
-UHOHHaSI CHCTeMa OXBaTbIBaeT He TOJIbKO KaMeHHble yFJIH BCeX
6acceHHOB, HO H BCe HHble BH,ILbl ropiotlxx HCKonaeMblX, 3aKOHO-
MepHoe pacnoJlo)KeHHe KOTOpbIX AaeT B03MO}KHOCTb caeJIaTb PHA
fpHHUHHHaJlbHO Ba}KHbIX BbIBOAOB 0 reHe3HCe pa3JIHLIHbIX roplO-
iIHX HCKOnaeMblx.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BbICOI{OHPO13BOA14TEJIbHbIE HPOI1ECCbI
CHHTE3A H3
B. H. Kpyr mHK0B, H. B. PanonopT, A. B. BonMHcuRfi,
B. B. My30BCHHIi
(Bcecon)anbau nayqno-ucc.teOoearenbcnua UKCTUTyr no nepepa6orNe uey5rio
u za3a u nonyuenuro ucrcyccreennozo XUOY02o ronAuoa, Mocnea)
PeaKUHH CHHTe3a yrneBo,uopoua H3 CO H H2 npoTexaeT C Bbl-
JJeJIeHHeM 3Ha4HTeJibnoro xoJIHgecTBa TenJIa. TeMnepaTypHN HH-
TepBaJi peaxuHH orpaHwIeH, BCJIeACTBHe tlero OTBOJL TenJla, Bb1-
JjeJIsHoLgerocH B 30He peaxuHH, HBJIHeTCH Ba)KHO9 TexHOJIOrHmeCKO}I
npo6JIeMOit. ,LI;JIH coxpaneHHSI aonyCTHMbIX nepenaAOB TeMnepaTyp
n0 BbICOTe H ceLIeHHIO peaKUHOHHOro npOCTpaHCTBa Heo6xoAHMa
pa3pa6oTKa 3(p(xeKTHBHbIX McTOJjOB TenJIOOTBOJia. OJ[HHM H3 HaH-
6onee COBeplueHHbIX McTOAOB yMeHbiueHHH nepena.iia TeMnepaTyp-
B c.loe xaTaJIH3aTopa HBJIHeTCH BeAeHHe KaTaJIHTHLIeCKO peaxuHH
B nceBJjOO]KH}KeHHOM c.noe KaTaJIH3aTOpa. HpH 3TOM ynpoiuaeTCH.
KOHCTPyxuHH peaxTopa, paAHaJlbnble H oceBble nepenaJibl TeMne-
paTyp CHH}KaIOTCH AO MHHHMyMa H Hmmot-laeTCx Bo3MO}KHOCTb
MecTHbIx neperpeBOB. OJ[HaKO BeJReHHe npouecca B nceB ioo?KH}KeH-
HOM CJIOe HCKJIIOtIaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb CHHTe3a BbICOKOKHnHIuHX
TBepJiblX napa44HHOBbIX yr.IeBOAopoaO.B H3-3a onaCHOCTH arJloMe-
pauHH t1acTHu KaTaJIH3aTOpa H HapyIHeHHH COCT051HHH nceBJi004KH-
]KeHHH.
CHHTe3 yrJIeBOaOPOAOB C BbICOKHM MOJIBKYJIHPHbIM BeCOM He-
o6XOJ[HMO OCyUueCTBJISITb Ha CTauHOHapHOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe B peaK-
TOpaX KO]KyXO-Tpy6tlaToro THna. HHTeHCHBHbIii OTBOA TenJla ri'
CHH]KeHHe pajHaJlbHOro H OCeBOfO nepenaaa TeMnepaTyp 3Aecb
MOrYT 6bITb AOCTHFHYTbI HYTeM yBeJIH.IeHHH JIHHei3HOI3 CKOPOCTH
ra3a (npHMeHeHHe UHPKYJIHIHH H yseJIHIIeHHe BbICOTbI peaxTopa)
H npHMeHeHHeM PeKTH4 HKaUHOHHOiI CHCTeMbI oxJIa3KJieHH51.
HaMH pa3pa6oTana McTO,LHKa BeJieHHH npouecca H Hailuenbl
YCJIOBHH CHHTe3a yrJIeaoj opOAOB H3 CO H H2 Haji nceB.uOO}KH}KeH-
HbIM H CTaUHOHapHbIM 3KeJIe3HbIM KaTaJIH3aTOpOM.
B pe3yAbTaTe TeopeTHtieCKOiI H 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHOI3 pa3pa--
60TKH npO6JIeMbI CHHTe3a H3 CO H H2 BnepBble B CCCP ocynie-
CTBJIeH BbICOKOHpOH3BOJ I1TeJIbHbIfi npouecc CHHTe3a Ha }KeJIe3HOM
KaTaJIH3aTOpe B HCeBJ[OO)KH}KeHHOM H CTaLHOHapHOM cJloe Ha nH-
JIOTHbIX yCTaHOBKax. IIoKa3aHa BO3MO}KHOCTb aJIHTeJIbHOfl CTa-
6HJIbHOlI pa60TbI KaTaJIH3aTOPOB B yCJIOBHHX BbICOKOnpOH3BOJiH-
TeJIbHOrO npouecca.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A. A. IleTpoB, E. II. KannaH, 0. M. He4 eAoB, M. A. LIeJIb-
U 0 B a. CBOI1CTBa HHAHBHAyaJlbHbIX noJIHUHxnH4eCKHX yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB pa3JIH'IHbIX THROB CTpyKTypbl H COCTaBa C18 - C40 . . 3
T. H. MacJIHHCKHH, B. A. Ko6eJleB, H. P. BypcHaH, M. H.
P bI C K H H. KaTaJIHTH4eCKaM H30MepH3auHA napa(4HHOBbIX yrne-
BoAOpOAOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
,JI. M. Ko1HejIeBa, C. J1. MexTxeB, B. (D. IIHHIHaMa33aAe,
W. 3. 3 l 6 a T O B a, (D. A. r a iI H M O B a. BbwAeneHHe uHKJIareK-
caHa H ero 6JlH)Kalia1Hx roMOnorOB H3 6eH3HHa 6aKHHCxoi He4 TH 8
A. 3. aoporogHHCKHH, B. H. JlaBpeHTbeB, A. B. JIIOTep,
H. n. McJIbHHKOBa, B. A. KynpHHHOB. CHHTe3 H CBOH-
cTBa Ha(?TeHOBbIx yrneBoAOpOAOB C AJIHHHOH 60KOBOH uenbIO . . 10
JI H F y ,a H - H A H b, M. F. r 0 H H K 6 e p r. FoMoreHHoe AeMeTHJIHpo-
BaHHe Kpe30nOB . . . . ? . ? . . . . . 12
10. 11. XMenbHHUKHH, K. H. 3HMHHa, A. A. IlansKOBa,
B. M. H H K H T H H a. PaAHOJIH3 pa3JIH9HbIX THIIOB yrneBOAOpoAOa 14
X T. P a y A c e n n. McTOA HccJleAaaaHHR COCTaBa cyMMapHWX 4)eHO-
JIOB cMOJI TepMHHecKOH nepepa60TKH TBepAblx TOHJIHB . . . . . 16
A. R. A a p H a. 0 TepMH9ecKoM pa3JIoxceHHH roplogIHx cJlaHueB . . . 18
A. C.'OMHH.a, A. g. IIo6ynb, 3. A. L1erTepeBa. XHMHVeCKaH
npHpoAa KeporeHa npH6aJITHHCKOro ropmero cJIaHUa KyxepcHTa
H HOBbIH nyTb ero HCnOnb3OBaHHA . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
B. fl. (DeiopoB, 51. JI. FOJIbAq)ap6, F. H. FopywwKHHa.
0 CoCTaBe coeAHHeHHH psAa 6eH3ona H TH04)eHa B JIerKHX 4)paK-
UHAX CMOJIbI TepMH4eCKOro pa3n01KeHH51 cpeAHeBoJDKCKHX CJ1 HUeB
CaBenbeBcxoro MecTopo}KAeHHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
A. A. K p y r a H K O B. 0 BblAeaeHHH H HCnOnb3OBaHMH AByxaToMHbIx
(peHOJIOB nOnyKOKCOBBHHA H rHAporeHH3aUHH 4epeMxOBCKHx yrnel 25
4'. 1 . C a n p bI K H H. IlpxpO LHHe xap6HAbI ypaxa B MarMaTH4eCKHX
KpHCTannH9ecxnx nopoAax H HX pOJIb B o6pa30BaHHH He(4TH H
6HTyMOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
137
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M. .TI H C H H. K BOnpOCy 0 3aKOHOMepHOCTBX npouecca KOKCOBaHHM
yrneH . . .
A. M. K y p H HI K 0. JIHrHHTbI 3'aKapnaTb5l, HX COCTaB H nyTH HCnOJIb-
30BaHH51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
H. C. r p 513 H 0 B. K TeopHH cnexaHHH yrne1 . . . . . . . . . 34
C. C. J1 p a r y H 0 B. XHMHIIeCKag npHpOAa ryMHHoBbIx KHCJIOT . . . 36
B. E. PaKOBCKHH, M. M. )KypaBJleBa, B. C. r103H39K,
M. A. PaKOBcxa$, JI. B. fIHryJIeBCKas, B. A. BaTypo.
XHMH$ npOUeCCOB o6pa30BaHHg ryMyCOBbiX TOnJIHB . . . . . 34
E. H. JI O C K y T O B a. KOKCOBaHHe yrneH c Ao6aBKaMH opraHHyecKHx
BeuzecTB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B, A. 0 H y c'a N T H c. KOJIJIOHJ[HO-XHMHgeCKHe OCHOBbI npouecca o6pa-
30BaHHH KaMeHHOyrOJIbHOrO KOKCa . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,
E. M. T a H g, H. ,i(. C e A o B a. Bypbie H Hecnexalo1 1ecg xaMeHHbie
yrJIH H HX oxycxoBaHne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.
Fl. H. KaHaBeu, FL. H. McJIeHTbeB, A. 3. CIIOpHyC. XHMHKO-
KaTaJIHTH9eCKHiI McTOA OKyCKOBaHHH TOHKOH3MeJlbgeHHbIJ( IUIIXTO-
BWX MaTepH,aJIOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A. 3. 10 p 0 B C K H R. HOBbie npHHUH'nbi 06oralgenlB TBepAbix rOpIo lHX
HCXOnaeMbix H KOMHJIeKCHOr0 HCHOJlb3OBaHHg MHHepaJlbHbIX KOM-
HOHeHTOB yrneH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
M. A. McHKOBCKHii, A. H. AnexcaH)jpoBa, K. 10. BOJIKOB,
C. A. POpAoH, JI. B. I7eTpoBCxaH. IepMaHHH H Hexoropbte
peAKHe H paCCeHHHble sJIeMeHTbI B yrne . . . . . . . . . . 54
H. r. fI e T p e H K O. FIpHMeHeHHe H30TOrIOB AJI5 H3y ieHHg XHMHYeCKHX
peax1HH ra30reHepaTOpHOrO npouecca . . . . . . . . . . 55
H. B. JI a B p O B. 06 OCHOBHbIX 3aKOHOMepHOCTBX npouecca nOJ(3eMHOA
ra3H(DHKaUHH yrae# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
B. (D. O p e iIl K o. KnaCCH4)HKagH5I KaMeHHbIX yrneH no CKJIOHHOCTH K
OKHCJIeHBIO H caMOB03ropaHH[O . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
B. C. A n b T to y n e p, I. A. III a cp H p. 0 Ilpouecce ra3006pa3oBa-
HHH npH ra3H(f HKagHH TBepAbIX TOnnHB lOA BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM 63
A? A. P y c 4 e B. K BOnpocy 0 cnexaeMOCTH yrneH . . . . . . . 65
A. C. B p y x, 3. A. B 0 A K O B a, r. Ii. r e it A, P. E. JI e A 6 o B H Y.
0 KaTaJIHTH9eCKOM aefCTBHH pa3nH'IHbIX Be1UeCTB npH ?rHpoJIH3e
CJO)KHbIX OpraHHlieCKHX BeU. eCTB (KaMeHHbMX yrnei) . . . . . 6T
T. A. K y x a p e H K o. OKHCJIHTenbHag AeCTpyKUHH HCKonaeMblx yrneil
KaK McTOA HO3HaHHB HX CTpyKTypbI H KnacCH(pHKagHH . . . . 70
)(. T. 3 a 6 p a M H bI ff. 0 inpOTHBOpe9HBX B TOJKOBaHHM YCJIOBHH o6pa-
3oB,aHH31 6ypbwX H KaMeHHBIX yrneft . . . . . . . . . . . 73
C. P. CeprHeHKo, E. B. JIe6eAeB, A. A. MHXHOBCKaB. Ho-
Bbie AaHHbie o cTpyKType BbicoKOMonexyngpHbIx yrneBOAOpOAOB
Heq)TH . . . . . . . . . 76
B. H. H c a r y n g H iz, B. H. T H in K O B a. HaylHbte OCHOBbI CHHTe3a
anKHJI- H apHJl4IenoJIbHWx npHCa.oic K MHHepanbnbIM MacJIaM H
MOTOpHbIM TOHJIHBaM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
138
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
T H. H a p bI III K H H a, H. H. III Y H K H H. ,UerHAporeHH3agHH neHTa-
McTHJIeHOBblx yrJleBOAOpOAOB B npHCYTCTBHH nnaTHHHpOBaHHOro
yrJIH . . . . . . .
r. A. r-aJibnepH, H. H. Ee3HHrep, E. H. KapayJloBa,
B. r. J1 Y K b H H H u a. 0 npHpoAe cep a- H a30TOpraHHHeCKHX CO-
eAHHeHHIi He4)TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
C. JI. F y C H H C K a H. A30THCTbie coeAHHeHHH IORCaOy36eKHCTaHCKHx
He4Tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
H. M. A P T 10 x o B. HOBbNFi cnoco6 KOHB CHH yrxe,BOAop0AOB C npH-
McHeHHeM )KeJle3a xaK nepeHOCIIHKa KHCJIOpOAa . . . . . . . 8T
A. A. 17oJIHK0Ba, K. H. 3HMRHa, P. A. XMeAbHHI;KHA. Macc-
cneKTpoMeTpHVeCKHli McTOA onpeAeJIeHHH cTpyKTypno-rpynnoaoro
cocTaBa 6eH3HHOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,
M. A. P H In e H A e B a, X. M. M H H a ti e B. IlpeBpaujeHHH yrJleBOAO-
POAOB Ha peHHFI-rJIHH03eMHOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe B yCJIOBHHX noBblllleH-
HbIX TeMnepaTyp H AaBJ1eHHH BoAopoaa . . . . . . . . . . 9a
H. F. B e K a y p H, H. H. HI y 1i K H H. KOHTaKTHO-KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe npe-
BpalueHHH HOPMaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB, BXO?AHnjHX B KepOCHHO-ra3oliJle-
Byio 4)paKAHIO He4)TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.
M. A. r e A M a H, A. 51. JI a p H H. Ilo lytieHHe alHOHHbIX noBepxHoCT-
Ho-aKTHBHbIX BenjeCTB H3 He()TH, He()THHbIX, 6ypoyrOJlbHbIX, CJIaH-
ueBblX H TOp(PHHbIx AHCTHJIJIHTOB . . . . . . . . . . . . 9T
A. A. M e JI b H H K 0 B, A. (D. ii JI a T 9. CH1HTe3 aTaliOHHbIx yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB AJIH HCCJIe1 oBaHHH JIHrPOHHO-KepOCHHOBbIX 4)paKUHr4 1,2-AH-
3aMelueHHble uHKJIOneHTaHbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99'
,L . H. 3 y JI b 4) y r a p JI bi. MHKpO3JIeMeHTbI He(1)Teli A3ep6aliAxcana . 102
JI. rl. K y JI a'B, B. U. JI o n a T H H C K H H. (DapMaJlbuerHAHb1H cnoc06
pa3AeJleHHH OCHOBHbIX KOMrIOHeHTOB cbiporo alTpaueHa H HeKOTO-
pble II TH HCnOJIb3oBaHHH Kap6a30JIa . . . . . . . . . . . 105,
C. H. XpoMOB, E. C. Ba.lIeHKOBa, H. A. CeHAoBa, B. A. Ka-
3 a H C K H A. KBTaJIHTHHeCKHe npeapaujeHHH 1,1-ABy3aMenueHHbix
yraeBOAOpouoB uHKJOreKCaHOBOrO pHAa . . . . . . . . . . 107
JI. A. M e JI H K a A 3 e. H3yveHHe 4)nyopecunpyIOlunx coe 10HeHHll He4).
TH c ueJIbIO HX HCnOJIb30BaHHH B ae4)eKTOCKOIIHH McTaIJIOB . . 110'
P. M. JI a r H A 3 e. CHHTe3bl MOAeJlbHb1X nOJIHUHKJIH9eCKHx yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB He4)TH COCTaBa C16-C25 Ha 6a3e aueTHJIeHOBbIX rJIHxoJlell 117
B. B. K JI H M e H 0 K. ,aenap,a4)HHH3aUHH He4)THHbIX AHCTHJIJIHTOB BoA-
HbIM paCTBOPOM Kap6aMHAa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
U. r. HrOHHH, M. r. MHTp04)aHOB, H. a. jjeCHTOBa,
B. H. 3 a B H A 0 B. IIOJIyiieHHe Ha4)TeHOBbIx KHCJIOT McTOAOM OKH-
cJIeHHH uHKJIOnapa4HHOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
H. II. MenbHHKOBa, A. 3. aoporo'IHHCKHfi, 0. H. CBeTO-
3 a p O B a. Co4eTaHHe XpoMaTOrpa4HiieCKOii aacop61HH C H36H-
paTeJIbH6IM rHApHPOBaHHeM nPH allaJIH3e AHCTHJIJIHTOB BTOpH4H0-
ro npOHCxoxcJeHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
M. K. ZbHKOBa, A. B. BOJIb-3niuTe1 H, H. A. ,IjaBTHH,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M. H. )K'a P O B a. HCCJIeAOBaHHe CTPyKTyPbI BbICOKOKIInHlUHX (pe-
HOJIOB cpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOH cMOJIbI IepeMxoBCKHX yrJleli H ee >KHA-
Ko4Ia3HOro rHAporeHH3aTa H rHAporeHH3auxoHHa5i nepepa60TKa Hx
Ha ueHHble HH3nlne (peHOJIbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
K. K. TI e 6 e A e B. 0 cnHTe3e Her4UpOJIH3yeMblx BemeCTB B Top(pax 122
E A. HoBHIIKOBa, B. E. PaKOBCKHI, T. ,IZ. KoHOueBa,
(D. JI. KaraHOBH9, X. H. PHBKHHa. MexaHH3M TepMHVecxoH
AeCTpyKU11H H CHHTC3a KOKCa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
M. B. L H H e p 0 B H Ii, B. r. fl J1 10 C H H H. HOBble peal`eHTbI RJIH
(pJloraulH yrneH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
A. A. KpHVxo, 1Z. H. fleenHHa, TI. C. COBeTOBa, JI. H. IIIa-
r H H a. flony4eHHe XHMH4eCKHX HPOAYKTOB H3 nepBH4HbIX KBMeH-
HOyrOJIbHbIX CMOJI McTOAaMH rHAp0reHH3auHH H0A HeBbICOKHM
AaBJleHHeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
B. B. TI e 6 e A e B. HoBble McTOAb1 npoH3BOACTBa B0J 0 01 a Ha OCHOBe
TBepAbIX TOHJIHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
H. K. K n o n o T 0 B, C. H. fI a H q e H K 0. KnaccH4)HKauHB yrne#,
OCHOBaHH'aH Ha pa3JlH'IHH nX XHMHlleCKO11 nPHPOabl . . . . . . 134
B. 1. KpyrJIHKOB, H. B. PanonopT, A. B. BOJIb1HCKHA,
B. B. M y 3 0 B C K H H. BbICOKOnpoH3BoAHTenbHble npouecc i CHH-
Te3a H3 CCO H Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Pe,aaKTOpbI OprKOMnTera VIII McHAeJleeBCKoro c1be3Aa
M. H. MUTeAbMUH H B. H. XOMyToB
CAaHO B Ha6op 21X 1958 r. 17oAn. B nevaTb 271XI 1958 r. IDOpMaT 6yM. 60 x 9211,.
Rm it. 8,75. Ye.-H3A. JIKCT. 6,4 T-11973 THpaxc 3200 H3A. JA 3660 TKn. saK. 1010
Secnaameo
H3AaTeJ1bCTBO AKaAeMHK HayK CCCP. MOCKBa, flOA000eH.KKO nep., A. 21
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CTpa-
HHua
14 CH.
5 CB.
4 CH.
I CH.
A06aMeHHA
BoAopoAa -
yr.neBOAopoAOB
BbIHeceHHH
AaBJ1eHHA
BOAOpoAa yMeHbmaeTCA
yrJ1eBoAoB
BHeceHHA
2 CB.
7 CH.
600
H reKCaAeKaHa
6000
reKCaAeKaHa, reKTaAeKaHa
H OKTaAeKaHa
97
16 CH.
HpsMoreHHbie
HpAMorOHHbie
99
I CH.
Pt/C.Pb-vepHb
Pt/C, Pd-ZiepHb
101
9, 10 CH.
TpaHCH3oMepa
TpaHCH30MepOB
113
21 cH.
Pd/c
Pd/C
121
5 CB.
KaJibuHeaoro
KOJ1bI;eBOro
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6