(SANITIZED)PAPERS IN GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY(SANITIZED)
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
143
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
May 24, 2010
Sequence Number:
1
Case Number:
Publication Date:
July 6, 1959
Content Type:
REPORT
File:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
![]() | 5.86 MB |
Body:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-E mR-E_T
SUBJECT Papers
General an. Ap~.lied Chemistry
DATE OF
INFO.
REPORT
DATE DISTR. "gL l
NO. PAGES 1
REFERENCES RD
PLACE &
DATE ACQ. 25X1
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
A Russian-langua okl.et cortaining 58 papers
in
The Booklet was published by the Academy of Sciences
of the `-SSR and edited by N~.1 o 9' uyki: ,,. The booklet when detached from
this report is ":" ~$ tFlED.
STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI AEC
0
?? ? REPORT FORMATION ???
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A049200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H COOTBeTCTByIOLUJiX a-(o-AH- (a Ha(iTHJI) -aJIKaBOB npH AJIFIHe
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aJixaHoB OOCTaBa C22-'C24,-paBHbIM 9700-9900 (Yu. Bee 3THX
yrJlcBOJI ,pouoB 019774)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I{ATAJIHTII'IECIKAH H3OMEP1I3AI(IHI
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HHeM napuHaJIbHOro AaBJIeHHH yrJleBo1 opoaa. B oTJIHtme OT peaK-
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54-55
6) Houle H3omepH3auHH . . . . . . . . . . .
70-72
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TeJIH H3OMepH3agHOHHOH nepepa6oTKH H.6yTaxa, H.neHTaHa H re-
KCaHOBOIi clpaKWlH 6eH31fHa npxMOH rOHKH.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BbIAEJIEHHE IAHHJIOPEKCAHA
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KOHueHTpaT 90% LIHCTOTbI C BbIXOAOM OT HOTeHUHaJIa 000TBeTCT-
BeHHO 77 H 93%.
A3eoTponnoli neperoHKOIi UHKJIOrexcaHOBOH (ppaKJHH 75-850
(BbI,aeJleHa H3 6eH3HHa Ha KOJIOHK'e 30eKTHBHOCTbio 25 TeopeTH-
,qeCKHX TapeJIOK) C McTHJIOBbIM CIHPTOM npH Co0THOHIe'HHH I : I Ha
KOJIOHKe 3("eKTHBHOCTbIO 50 TeopeTH'LIeCKHX TapeJIOK 6bIJI rio iyqeii
96%-HbII3 aHKJIOreKeaHOBbIg KOHueHTpaT (BblqeJIHJ)aCb (4PaKuHH
79,6-81,10) C BbIXOJjOM OT nOTeHuHajia 67% HJIH 9I %-HbIfl KOH-
ueHTpaT UHKJIOreKcaHa C BbIX'O)OM OT nOTeHUHaJta 82%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A3eoTponxax rleperOHKa c 9THJIOBbIM cnHpTOM Aajia XyAHIHe pe-
3)'JIbTaTbl.
PeKTH(pHKaUHe1 6eH3HHO3OH (ppaKILHH, KHnsiuJeH AO 75?, Ha KO-
JIOHKe 34 4 eKTHBHOCTbio 25 H 50 TeOpeTHqeCKHX TapeJIOK MO}KHO
BbIAeJIHTb (paKI.I',HIO, coaepx{amyio McTHJIaHKJIOneHTaHa 86 H 94,8%
C BbIXOAOM OT HOTeHUHaJIa 87 H 95% COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
PeKTH(HHKaU.HSI 4 paKUHH 95-105? nO3BOJIHeT BbIAeJIHTb AByX-
rpaAycxyio q)paKunlo (100-102?) c CAAepx(aHHeM 93% McTHJI-
1iHKJIOreKCSHa C BbIXOAOM OT nOTeHUHaJla 73%.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, npoBeAeHHasi pa60Ta fOKa3aJIa BO3MO)KHOCTb
BbIAeJIeHHSI H3 6eH314Ha cypaxaHCxoi OT6opHOH Heq)TH McTHJIUHKJIO-
neHTaHa, UHKJIOreKCaHa H McTHJIUHKJIOreKCaHa co CTeneHb}O 'IHCTO-
TbI 94,8; 90-97 H 93% COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CHHTE3 H CBOflCTBA HAOTEHOBbIX YrJIEBOROPOROB
C )IJII4HHO11 BOI{OBOIi IUEHbIO
A. 3. goporovsHcxgui, B. H. JIaBpeHTbeB, A. B. JIIoTep,
H. H. MenbHSKOBa, B. A. KyIIpHSIHOB
(Ppoauemcncua ueg5rvLoi uay*ixo-uccIIeOoeareAbcxuu uwcruryr)
OJ1HOfi H3 MaJIOH3YtieHHbIX (HO HMeK)IL1HX Ba3KH0e 3HaLIeHHe J1JIx
:nOJIytieHHSI pa3JIHtlHbIx rIPOJjYKTOB) rpynH yrJIeBO.1OpOaOB gBJIl-
IOTCSI Ha(YTeHOBble yrJIeaOJ[opoabI C I JIHHHO 1 6OKOBOI3 aenblo.
r1PHHLjHnbI CHHTe3a Haq)TeHOBbIX yrJleBOJjOPO,IrOB C gJIHHHOfI
-60KOBOR IjenbIO 3aKJIIOtIaIOTCH B OCy1.jeCTBJIeHHH TpeX OCHOBHbIX
CTyneHefI: ne'psasi CTyneHb - noJlHMepH3a11Ha OJIe(pHHOB; BTOpax
CTyneHb - aJIKHJIHp,OBaHHe apOMaTHKH OJIe(JHHaMH; TpeTbq CTy-
neHb - rHJjPHPOBaHHe apOMaTHLIeCKOPO KOJIbL1a noJlytIeHHoro aJI-
KHJIHPOH3BOJjHOro 6eH3oJia.
HanpHMep, noJly4eHHe TeXHH~IeCKoro H3,OJjeuHJIIjHKJIoreK?CaHa
npOH3BOAHJIOCb CJIeJ1yIoiaHM O6pa3oM: JjHMep aMHJIeHOB (a1H,H3o-
aMHJIeH) 6bIJI no.ly'leH npH fOJIHMepH3a11HH neHTaH-aMHJIeHOBOI-I
,#aKLUHH TepMOKpeKHHra B HPHCYTCTBHH (4OC(4OpHOfI KHCJIOTbI. Pe-
KHM nOJIHMepH3aUHH 6bIJI CJIeJIyIOuJ,HM: TeMnepaTypa 170-180?,
AaBJi,eHHe 50-60 aT. , 06beMHaI CKOPOCTb 3-4 06beMa cbipba
06. KaTaii.-qac
rlpH 9TOM npeBpailjeHHe aMHJIeHOB COCTaBHJIO 70% or coJjepx{a-
HHH HX B HCXOgHOfi neHTaH-aMHJIeHOBOi3 (PpaKLgHH.
Aa.nee H3 TeXHHgeCKOro J1HH3OBMHJIeHa 6bIJI BbI3eJieH KOHL1eH-
TpaT;iHMepa, BbIKHnaIoLL1Hfi B npeJjeniax 120-185?, KOTO'pblM aJIKH-
JIHpOBaJICH 6eH30JI. PeaKIUIH aJIKHJI.HpOBaHHSI 6eH3oJla BbICOKOMO-
JIeKYJIAPHbIMH OJte(4HHaMH lIPOBOJIHJIHCb B npHCyTCTBHH pa3JIHLIHbIX
KaTaJIH3aTOpOB - XJIOpHCTOPO aJIIOMHII:HSi, CepHOI3 KHCJIOTbl H AP.
YCJIOBHSI aJIKHJIHpoBaHHc 6eH3oJia RHH3oaMHJieHOM B npHCyTCTBHH
cepHOi3 KHCJIOTbI 6bIJI?H CJie1IyloIU,HMH: KpenoCTb CeJHOfI KHCJIOTbI
97J%p, UPOAOJDKHTellbHOCTb KOHTa'KTa 2 tiaca, OTHOLHeHHe 6eH30Jia
K JgHH3o,aMHJIeHy 5 : 1, TeMnepaTypa peaKuHH 20?.
rlociie OcynleCTBJIeHHq peaKanfi a JIKHJIHPOBaHHSI 6bIJi noJIy-IeH
TexHH,IeCK.BfI H3OE eUHJI6eH3OJI - 4)pa'KAHSI, BbIKHfBIOU BH B npe-
J1eJiaX 180-350?. )Jill 3TOPO npoJjyKTa xapaKTepna 6bIJIa BbICOKasi
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
nJIOTHOCTb - 0,86-0,88, BbICOKaH TeMnepaTypa HatlaJla KpHcTa,n-
JIH3auHH - OT 21 a o 350 H HH3Ka{ KaJIOpHIhHOCTb, He npeBbllHalO-
u{aH 10 100 ICWAIK.2. H3oacIjHJ16eH30JI noaBepraJlcH rllapHpOBa-
HHIO, B LIacTHOCT'H, B npHCyTCTBHH HHKeJlesoro KaTaJIH3aTOpa. YCJIO-
BHH rHApHpoBaHHH 6bIJIH CJieayIOu1HMH: aaBJIeHHe 7 arm, TeMnepa-
Typa 150-2000, 06,beMHac CKOpOCTb 0,2 uac-I.
B pe3yJlbTaTe np,OBeaex.HH BbIIHeyKa'3aHHbIX onepaL[HH 6bIJIH n0-
JIytleHbl TexHHtIeCKH,e q)paKuHH Haq)TeHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOJ1,OB C AJIHH-
HOH 6OKOBOH IjenblO: KOHII:eHTpaun5I Ha4)Te'HOB AoCTHraJIa BO I )paK-
uHHx 08-100%. .
O6MHe CBOHCTBa HeKOTOpbIX CHHTe3HpoBa,HHbIX TeXHHtIeCKHX
q)paKuHH Ha(pTeHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpQJZOB C JIJIHHHOH 60KOBOR I1.enblO
nPHBe,aeHbI B Ta6JIHILe.
CIJIOTHOCTb, 20/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4paK! nOHHbIH COCTaB:
Ha9aJIO KHneHHSI, ?C, . . . . . . .
40% BbIxanaeT npH TeMnepaType, ?C . .
30% ?C . .
50% ?C. .
70% Oc
90% ?C . .
KOHen. KHneHHH, ?C . . . . . . . . . .
1I0Ka3aTeJIb JlygenpeJIOMJIeHHx . . . . . .
TenJIOTBOpHa1 CnO006HOCTb, KKa)z/K2 . . . .
TeMnepaTypa 3aMep3aHHH, ?C . . . . . . . .
CoAep3KaHHe Ha TeHOBbIX yrJleBoAopoA0B, Bec. %
HOHHngHK-
noreKCaH
212
240
249
254
258
266
284
1,4645
10355
-51
98,6
I43oAeLu n-
gHKnoreK-
caH
184
234
253
273
300
332
350
1,4622
10380
-66
98,0
AoueuHn-
gxxnoreK-
caH
270
283
293
312
326
345
365
1,4768
10300
-40
100
1-1pHBeneHHble AaHHble CBHAeTe.nbCTByIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO nOJlytieHHble
CHHTeTHLIeCKHM nyTeM Ha4)TeHOBble yrJIeB0A0p0AbI C aJIHHHOH 6o-
KOBOH UenbIO o6J1aaaloT aeHBbIMH A.JIH TOBJIHB CBOfICTBaMH: BbICO-
KOH nJIOTHOCTbJO, BbICOKOH KaJIOpHHHOCTbIO H HH3KOH TeMnepaTypoH
3aMep3aHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
POMOPEHHOE AEMETfJllIPOBAHfJE KPE3OJIOB
JIA ryas-HHHi, M. r. roHHx6epr
(HucrUTYT opeauuwecxou xuatuu
um. H. 1(. 3eAuucnoeo AH CCCP, Mocxea)
flpoBeAelLHble HccJJe, oBa.HHH rOMOreHHOOr AeCTpyKTHBHOFO
rHApHpOBaHHH ToJlyoJIa H cpexo is nOKa3aJIH, IITO B OTCyTCTBHe Ka-
TaJIH3aTOpOB npH BbICOKHX AaBJIeHHHX BOAOpOAa B OAHHaKOBbIX
YCJIOBHHX AeMeTHJIHpOBanHe TOJIyOJIa npOTeKaeT 3HagIHTeJIbHO
6biCTpee no cpaBHeHHIO c .uerHJJpoxcHJlHpo:BaHHeM (peHOJIa. B o60HX
3THX Rpoueccax rHApHpiOBaHHe apoMaTHLIeCKarO KoJIbua npoHCxo
AHT B BeCbMa He3JIagHTeJIbHOfI CTeneBH. 3TH pe3yJlbTaTbl n03BOJIB-
JIH npeAnOJ1o KHTb, WO B YCJIOBH$IX rOMoreHH0ro AecTpyKTHBHoro
rHApxposaHHH (470-520?, )IasJIeHne 200-600 aTAi) B03MO3KHO
OCyIIjeCTBHTb AeMeTHJI.HpOBaHHe Kpe3OJIOB c nonpIeHHeM 3Hal4H-
TeJIbHbIX BbIXOAOB (peHOJIa (HapHAy c 6eH30JIOM H TOJIyOJIOM). IIpO-
BeAeHHoe HccJie.OBaHHe nO1(TBepAHJIO BTO IIpeAHOJIO3KeHHe.
BbIXOA )KHAKHX HpOAyKTOB (6e3 BOW) HpH roMoreHHOM ACCTPYKTHBHOM
rH.gpNpOBaHHH 0- H JH-Kpe3OAOB
(B BeC. % K HCXOAHOMy Kpe30Jly)
PHa4,
a,nM
HCXOAHb111
Kpe30JI
6eH30JIbHeH
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nag
(ppaxuHH
95-f 13?
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113-175?
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xpe3oJl'?
Bcero
100
opTO
2,5
7,9
4,3
23,2
49,5
87,4
McTa
0,7
6,1
2,2
9,6
70,3
88,9
200
opTO
7,0
12,0
4,0
29,2
29,4
81,6
McTa
2,8
7,5 .
2,1
12,7
60,5
85,6
300
O PTO
13,8
13,6
3,7
29,9
15,5
76,5
McTa
7,1
10,8
2,2
17,5
39,2
76,8
* B c.nyvae A1-Kpe3o.na - (PpaKIjH3I 175-192?.
** B uii4pbl 3TOr0 CTOJ16ua BKJHO9eH TaKMKe BbMXOA 6o.nee BbICOKOKHHAH(HX
^pOAyKTOB B KOJIH9eCTBe 4-7%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
OnbITbI npOBOAHJIHCb B aBTOKJIaBC npH 490? H HatiaJlbHbIX AaB-
ReHHAX B0,10poAa 100, 200 14 300 ar (MOJIHpHOe COOT'HOHIeHHe
H2 : Kpe30JI COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,9; 1,8 H 2,7). Pe3yJIbTaTbI OnbITOB
C O- N M-Kpe3oJIaMH (npOAOJI}KHTeJIbHOCTb OrlbITa 3 Tiaca) npHBe-
JleHbI B Ta6JIHne.,
I'13 AaHHbIX Ta6JIHgbI CJIeAyeT, TiTO npH H3ygie-HHOM npouecce
MOryT 6bITb (B CJiyliae o-Kpe3oJla) nOJlyTieHbl BbIXOabI q)eHOJIa,
AOCTHralou1He 30 BeC. % K HCXOAHOMy Kpe3OJIy. B CJIyTiae M-Kpe30-
JIa npoueccbI JjeMeTIIJIHpoBaHHH H AerHApOKCHJIHpOBaHHH npOTeKa-
JOT 3Ha4wreJIbHO McAJIeHHee.
11pu POMOPeHHOM AeCTpyKTHBHOM rnApHpOBaHHH Yl-Kpe3oJla
BbIXOAbI BCeX 4 paKuHH 6JI113KH K fOJlyTieHHbIM C O-Kpe3OJIOM.
OAHOBpeMe,HHO C ynOMHHyTbIM'H BbIIIIe npOueccaMH npH I'OMO-
reH,HOM ae'CTpyKTHBHjOM FHApHpOBaHHH Kpe30JIOB npOHCXOASIT TaK-
xKe, c QAHON CTOp;OHbI, pacnaA nocJleAHHX C o6pa30BaHHeM OKHC;I
yrJlepoua H MeraHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB H, c ApyroH CTOpOHbI, pe-
aKuHH aJIKHJIHpOBaH.HH H peKOM6HBHaUHH paAHKaJIOB, npHBOARUIHe
K o6pa3OBaHHIo He6oJIbLnoro KOJIHTIeCTBa BbICOKOKHnHUJ$X npOayK-
TOB (B TiaCTHOCTH, KCHJIe}IOJIOB).
PaAHKaJIbHO-uenHaH cXeMa McXaHH3Ma H3yTieHHOH peaKljHH
BKJIJOTdaeT 3apo)KAeH,He ueneH npH TepMJNeCKOM pa3pblBe CB513eH
HOC6H4CH2-H (HJni HOC6H4-CH3), a TaKxce CH3C6H4O-H.
r1oci CAylolljee pa3B.HTHe ueneH npOHCX0AHT B pe3yJlbTaTe B3aHMo-
JjefCTBHH aTOMapHOrO BOAOpOAa c MOJIeKyJIaMH Kpe30JIa c o6pa30-
BaHHeM paaHKaJIOB C6H4OH H CH3 (a TaK}Ke C6H4CH3 H OH), KO-
TOpble B CBOIO OTiepe.Lb reHepHpyloT aTOMapHbtH BOAOPQA, peal'HpyH
c MOJIeKyJIaMH H2. O6pbIB ueneH npHBOAHT K o6pa3OBaHHFO BbICO-
KOKHnHIUHX npOILyKTOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
PARHOJIH3 PA3JINLIHbIX TI4IIOB YPJIEBOAOPOROB
IO.JI.XMen16HHIKH1, K. I3.3HMHHa,A.A.IIon$KOaa,
B. M. HIIi HTHBa
(BCeC0103Hbl6 Hay Tlno-uccAeaoeaTe.2bCnU6 uncruryT no nepepa60Tve neg5Tu
u 2a3a u no.'cy'lenuio uC?CyCCTeen,oao 2ICu8?cogo Tonauea, Mocmea)
,aJIH BbIHCHeHHH H yTOIIHeH,HH MexaaH3Ma peaKUHll, npOTeKaio-
iuHX B yrJleBOAopoAax IIOA BJTHHHHeM HOHH3HpyIou erO O6JIyHeHHH,
IIpeACTaBJIHeT HHTepeC AeTaJIb.Hoe HC'CJIeAOBaHHe KaK ra3oo6pa3-
HbIX, TaK H )KHAKHX npoAyKTOB pacnaaa. Hcc.leAOBaHHe npoAyK-
TOB paAHOJIH3a yrJIeBOJZopoAoB pa3JIHqHOro CTpoeHHH (C OJ.LHHaKO-
BbIM LLHCJIOM yrJIepOAHbix aTOMOB B MOJieKyJi,e) n03BOJIHCT CAeJiaTb
BbIBOAbI 0 CTa6HJlbHOCTH K o6JlytIeHHIO TaKHX JIHHeflHbIX CTpyKTyp,
KaK reKcaHbl H reKCeHbI, H yrJieBOJjopoAoB II,HKJIHTIeCKOPO CTpoeHnH:
nHKJIOreKcaH, IZHKJIOreKceH, 6eM30JI.
CogeTaHHe AaHHbIX no paJinoJIH3y C pe3yJlbTaTaMH TepMOXHMH-
IIeCKHX H Macc-CneKTpOM,eTpHllecKoro HCCJIe2[OBaHH13 B3aHMoaeN-
CTBHH 3JIeKTpOHOB C M-OJIeKyJIaMH TaK}Ke 6yJieT C1OCO6CTBOBaTb
6ooiee yrJIy6JIeHHoMy H3yIleHH1o IlpoueCCOB paLHoJIH3a.
B KalIeCTBe o6'beKTOB HccJIeaoBaHHH 6bIJIH Bb16paHbl cJIeAyI0-
n1He yrJIeBor opoJ[bl: napa(HH?oBble yrJleBOAOpO;tbI C6H14i a-oJIeIJH-
HbI C6H12, IZHKJIOreKCaH C6H12; L HKJIOreKCeH C6Hio; 6eH30JI C6H6.
OnbITbI npOBOAHJIH npH KoMHaTHO13 H HOBbIIIIeHH.OH" TeMnepaTy-
pax. H3MepeHHe TeMnep,aTypbI npOH3B0AHJIH ABYMH TepMonapaMH,
Coe,aHHeHHbIMH C 3anHCbIBaiomHM n,OTeHgHoM-eTpOM.
O6pa3ubl IIHCTbIX yrJIeBOJ[Opo oB Tn1,aTeJlbHO 0CB060}KAa.IH OT
paCTBopeHi-IbIX ra3O3'B rJIy6OKOM BaKyyMe (10-4. PT. CT.), riocJie
ITero noABepraJlH o6JiytieHHio y-JlygaMH Ko6aJIbTa-60 Ha cn?eL Ha.nb-
HO 06opy2OBaH?HOII ycTaHOBKe, OnHCaHHOI3 B TPyJ[aX KOHq)epe'HI[HH
no MHpHOMy HCnOJIb3OBaHHIo aTOMHo13 3Hepr.HH. MOMHOCTb AO3bI
O6JIyLIeH.HH 3aMepfJin O6meH3BeCTHbIM McTOAOM no npeaparneHH1o,
AByXBaJIeHTHOro 3KeJIe3a B TpexBaJI-eHTHoe. IIomeji;HHH coCTaBJiijia
BeJIHIIHHy nOpiAKa 110-130 penTaea/Ceic B peaxuHOHHbIX ycTpoH-
CTBaX THna BaxyyMHOR aMnyJIbI H AOCTHraiia 200 peitiTaetl/Ceic B
CneuHa.llbnblX KOJIbIjeBbIX peaKTOPHbIX yCTpoIICTBax. B HeKOTOpbIX
OnbITaX, npOBeaeHHbIX Ha apyroM HCTOIIHHKe 06Jiy11eHHH, MOIIJHOCTh.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A03bI paBHHJlacb 800 pel-tTeeK/Celt (onpeAeJI uIacb c n0MOMbIO Tax
Ha3bIBaeMoro uepHeB'oro ,I(o3HMeTpa).
,aim aHaJIH3a ra30o6pa3HbIX npOAyKTOB KIOBeTy c o6pa3uoM
nocJle o6JIygeHH51 noMemaJIH B BaxyyMHyIO cHCTeMy C KaJIH6pOBaH-
HbIMH o&beMaMH; o6pa3eu Aera3HpO-BaJIH, 3aMep5IJIH AaBJIeHHe
BbIAeJIHBIIIerOCH ra3a, nocJle Nero o6pa3eu nepeBoAHJIH B HanyCK-
HyIO CHCTeMy Macc-CneKTpoMeTpa H aHaJIH3HPOBaJIH.
Hp,HMeHSIeMaI CHCTeMa nO3BOJISIeT KOJIHIIeCTBeHHO OueHHBaTb
BbIXOJ( pa3JIH4HbIX npOAyKTOB paJI,HOJIH3a.
B }KHAKHX npoAyKTax p,aAH1oJIH3a c nOMOI1b1O Macc-CneKTpo-
McTpHH yCTaHaBJIHBaJI.H THnbI 06pa3OBaBUIHXCH yrJIeBOAOpOAOB H
HX pacnpeAeJIeHHe no MOJIeKyJIHpHbIM BecaM. THnbI cTpyKTyp He-
npeAeJIbHbIX yrJIeBOAopoAoB 6bIJIH oxapaKTepH3oBaHbI no HHi()pa-
KpaCHbIM H yJIbTpa()HOJIeTOBbIM CneKTpaM norJIOlueH,HH. ApoMaTH-
geCKHHe yrJleBoJ(OpoAbl onpeA.ejISIJIH no CneKTpaM norJIOweHHSI B
y.lbTp a(pHOJIeTe.
B KagecTBe npHM-epa npH;BOJ(HTCSI yrnIeBOAopoLHbII3 cocTas
ra3oo6pa3HbIX npOJ(yKTOB paAHOJIH3a UHKJIoreKcaHa H H.renTaHa:
:RHxnorexcasa I H. renTaHa
MeTaH . . . . . . . . .
3THTIeH . . . . . .
9TaH . . . . .
IlponH.neH . . . . . . .
IlponaH . . . . . . . .
ByTHJfeHbi . . . . . . .
I'I3o6yTaH, H. 6yTaH . . .
AMHneHba . . . . . . . .
I'I30neHTaH, H. neHTaH . .
37,0
13,0
2,0
7,0
4,0
22,0
7,0
8,0
0,0
39,4
12,1
4,7
11,1
8,2
7,5
10,1
1,9
4,8
HaJI.HgHe Bcec raMMbI HenpeaeJlbxbJX H napa(pHHOBbIX yrJIeso-
AopoAoB C1 - C5 yxa3bIBaeT Ha rJly6oKHe npoueccbl npeBpalueHmi,
npo'reKa1OlaHe npH paj(HOJIH3e.
06 3TOM cBH,i(eTeJlbcTByeT TaKxte HajimIHe B )KHAKHX npoAyKTaX
peaKIT;H:H HenpeAeJlbHbIX yrJleBO,uopOAOB, yCTaHOBJIeHHbIX no HH-
4 paKpacHbIM CneKTpaM nor.IOIueHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
METOR LICCJIEAOBAHIflj
COCTABA CYMMAPHbIX DEHOJIOB CMOJI
TEPMWIECROII HEPEPABOTKH TBEPJ MX TOHJIHB
X. T. PayAcenn
(Tait.zunc uu no.7UTexnnuqecvuj. unCTuT7,T)
IIepBooHepemHOIi 3aaawFI AA R xapaKTeprrCTHKH cOCTa'Ba cyM-
MaPHbIX (peHOJIOB gOJDKHO 6bITb onpe1jeJle'HHe KOJIHtIeCTBa oTaeJIb-
HbIX rpyrin coe.HHeH:HI3, O4HO- H JIByxaTOMHbIX (peHoJLoB, reTepo-
uHKJIHtIeCKHX coeJjHH'eHKFI H T. ,q. TaKOH rpynnOBOH aHaJI43- AaJI 6bI
BO3MO)KHOCTb B JjOCTaTOgHOFI CTeIIeHH oxapaKTepH3oBaTb COCTMB
WHpOKHX (ppaKUHR cyMMapHbIX 4eHOJIOB H noKa3aTb B03MO}KHOCTb
HX npOMbIIHJIeHHOrO npHMeHeHHSI.
McTonj onpeJjeJIei ricr rpynnoBoro cocra'Ba cyMMap,Hblx (peHOJIOB
6bLJI pa3pa6OTaH HaMH npH HCCJIeAGBaHHH (peHOJIOB CMOJIbI npH6aJt-
THrICKHX (3CT0HCKHX) CJIaH'neB. CymHOCTb McTojja 3aKJIIOTIaeTCH B
CJIe1IyIoiueM: cyMMap,Hble (peHOJIbI pa3roHHIOTCq Ha 2--5-rpa,jycHble
(ppaKUHH Ha KOJIOHKe 344eKTHBHOCTbIO 15-25 TeopeTH'ZIeCKHX Ta-
peJIOK; noJIygeHHble (ppaKUUHH XapaKTepH3yIOTCH MOJIeKyJISIpHbIM
BecoM, coJjepx{aHHeM rHJjpoKCHJIbHbIX rpynn H 3JIeMeHTapHbIM CO-
CTaBOM; KOJIHLIeCTBa OTJjeJIbHbIX (ppaKLiHFI LIeTKOR neperOHKH Xa-
paKTepH3yK)T KOJIHqeCTBa coe.r HHeHHI3, HMeiou HX TeMllepaTypbI KH-
neHHSI B npe.z eJiaX KHneHHSI (ppaKLjHH. B HacroHLIjee BpeMH HMeeTCH
4'4OCTaTO9H0 gaHHbIX 0 TeMnepaTypax KHneHH5I H'HJjHBHJjyaJHYHbUX
(peH?oJIOB, TITO n03BOJIgeT cae.IaTb BbIBOI bI O CoCTaBe (ppaKu$a. 143
JjaHHbIX aHaJIH3a BbIT4HCJIHIOT )1JI5I KaBKaOI (ppaxwjl3H coJjepxcaHHe
OH-rpynn H aTOMOB KHCJIOpo,r a Ha 1 MOJIb Be.IIjeCTBa. IZOJIygeH Hble
JjaHHble XapaKTepH3yloT coJlepxcaHHe JjByxaTOMHbIX H reTepOIjHK-
JIH'-IeCKHX (peHOJIOB (H noJly3()HpoB) B Kax{Jjox (ppaKijHH. Co,gep-
xcaHHe JjByxaTOMHbIX (peHOJIOB B MOJISIpHbIX npoueHTaX Bblpax{aeT-
cR CJIeJjylonfef3 (popMyJIOI3:
C 100 SOH .17 7
-1 )?100,
a co1jepx{aHHe OKCHKyMapoHOB (H MOHO3(pHpOB JIByXaTOM'HbIX
CpeHOJIOB) 4)OPMyJIOFI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(SOM SOHM 100,
100.16 000.17
rue S OH - couepx{aHHe OH-rpynrlbi;
So- couepx{aHHe KHCJIOpoua;
M - cpeuHHH MOJIeKyJIHpHbII3 Bec 4J aKlHH.
3Haa npeueJlbl KHHeHH5I (lpaKgHH, MO)KH,O C AOCTaTOLIHOIi TOT-I-
HOCTbIO npOH3BeCTH nepec eT MOJIHpHbIX npoLLeHTOB B BeCOBble.
LTYTeM HCnOJIb3OBaHHH yKa3aHHOro McTorLa Onpe,II,eoeHHH rpyn-
IIOBOFO COMM cyMMapHbIX (peHOJiOB yuaJIOCb oxapaKTepH30'BaTb
COCTaB CyMMapHbIX (peHOJIOB CMOJIbI nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH 3CTOHCKHX
CJIaHIjeB H nOKa3aTb, TITO CyMMapHble (peHOJIbI couepx{aT, KpOMe
I'OMOJIOrOB (4eHOJIa, 3HaLIHTeJIbHbie KOJIHTgeCTBa uByXaTOMHbIX (JeHO-
JIOB, Ha(JTOJIOB, OKCHKyMapOHOB, KOTOpble HeO6XOuHMO yT-ICCTb npli
pa3pa6OTKe McTOJZOB HHCHOJIb3OBaHH2 ()eHOJIOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O TEPMHgECI{OM PA3JIOWEHIH
POPIO'IHX CJIAHL EB
TepMHilecxoe pa3Jlo}KeHHe ropio im CJIaHLjeB jjo He jaBHerO Bpe-
McHH paCCMaTPHBaJIH KaK npoljecc nOCJIe;jOBaTeJIbHocI jjeCTPYKLLHII
MaKPOMOJIeKYJIbI opraHHLIeCKOrO BemeCTBa m npoMe}KyTOLIHbIX nPO-
,jyKTOB TepMHzIeCKOro pacnajja ero. MHorne aBTOPbI OHHCb1BaJIH
KHHeTHKy TepMH eCKor0 pa3Jlo}KeHHH KeporeHa no cxeMe peaKLjHH
nepaoro nopH.nKa.
fIpOBejjeHO ncc iejjOBaHne TepMHTiecxoro pa3JIo>KeHM51 rOpio'-inX
CJIaHUeB (KyKepCHT H jjHKTHoHeMOBbIfI cJIaHeIu) B TeMnepaTYPHOM
1HTepB Jle 250-500?.
fIpH TeMnepaTypax HHxce 250?, npn KOTOPbIX BbI,geJIeHHe JIe-
TyLIHX BenjeCTB HHiITO}KHO H BHeUIHHI3 BHjj KeporeHa He McHSIeTC51,
Ha6JIIo,aaeTCSI cyiueCTBeHHoe H3MeHeHHe B XHMHT-IeCKOM XapaKTepe
KeporeHa: FOBbILHeHHe HeHaCbllueHHOCTH OCHOBHOrO yrJlepOjjHOro
CKeJIeTa KeporeHa. Y Ke npH HH3KHX CTeneHAX TepMmIecKOrO pa3-
JI0]KeHHSi KeporeHa 3aMeTHO yMeHbnleHne co J,ep}KaHHSI 9CJHpHOI'O
H CJIO}KH09IJHpHOI'O KHCJIOpoga H B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM yBeJinge-
HHe cojjepxcaHHSI CpeHOJIbHOi%I rHjjpOKCHJIbHOII rpynnbI. TaKHM o6pa-
30M y3Ke B CTaJLHH HH3KOTeMnepaTYPHOfO pa3JI0}KeHHH KeporeHa
Ha6JIIojjaIOTCH BHYTPHMOJIeKYJISipHble neperpynnnpoBxH B MaKpo-
MoJieKyJle. BeCbMa HHTepeCHbII3 CJaKT npeaCTaBJIxeT co6oi3 noSiBJIe-
HHe CpeHOJIbHOIii CTPYKTYPbI npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax. Mm CqH-
TaeM, qTO B 3THX VCJIOBH34X fPOHCXOJUIT BHYTPrIMOJIeKYJISIP,Hble
neperpynnnpoBKn no cJieayioiuef cxeMe:
OH
A2-O-CH2-CH2- -->A2 - CH2-CH2 -
JTOT BbIBOj nOJjTBep>KaaeTCa npHMbIM onpeneaeHHeM CJeHOJIb-
HOI3 rHjjpOKCHJIbHOII rpynnbI, a TaK}Ke YMeHbIIieHHeM paCTBOpHMO-
CTH KeporeHa B opraHnTIeCKHX paCTBOPHTeJi5IX nacre o6pa6OTKH
ero 6e3BOjZHbIM 6POMHCTbIM aJIIOMHHHeM, 143 BbILLIeCKa3aHHOrO c ie-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ayeT, wITO yxce HH3KOTeMnepaTypxa5l o6pa6OTKa Keporexa npH-
BOAHT K ero CTa6HJIH3auHH H o6pa3OBanHIo HOBbIX THROB xHMHLIe-
CKHX CBA3eI3.
PemeHHe npo6JIeM KHHeTHKH TepMHLIeCKOrO pa3JI0}KeHHA Kepo-
reHa c npeAnoJIO}KeHHeM npOTexaHHA peaxuHH nepBOro nap5JKa
He MO}KeT npHBECTH K npaBHJIbHbIM pe3yJibTaTaM. Hap uiy c pa3-
J10}KeHHeM 1ICXOAHOII MO.,'IeKyJIb1 KepOreHa (A) B TepMo6HTyM (B)
H JieTyqHe npOAYKTbI (C) H,II,eT o6pa3oBaHHe TBepAOro ocTaTKa
C HOBbIMH CBOIICTBaMH (A'), pa3JIO}KeHHe KOTOp0FO HOAqHHAeTCH
ApyrHM 3aKOHOMCpHOCTHM:
1)AK>A'+B+C;
2) A, - A" -f- B' -F- C';
3) A? A,,,+ B? + C' H T. A.
CKOpocTb peaxuHH no Mepe ee yrJIy6JIeHHH nocTenexno na-
AaeT. CJIeAOBaTe.TlbHO,
Kl > K2 > K3 H T. A.
DKcnepHMeHTaJlbnble MaTepI1aJIbI noLTBep}KAaIOT npaBHJIb-
HOCTb Haiuer0 BbIBOAa. * ECJIII AJIA onpeaeJieHHA KOHCTaHTbI CKO-
POCTH HOJIb3OBaTbCA ypaBHeHHeM
100
In 100-x'
rAe x - CTefeHb pa3J1o}KeHHA Keporexa B npoueHTax, Torjia
K = Koe-1ix,
rAe K0 H b - KOHCTaHTbI.
DHeprnH aKTHBauHH TepMHgeCKoro pa3J1O}KeHHH KeporeHa B
TeMnepaTypxoM HHTepBaJle 275-350? COCTaBJIHeT 62 100 scan/Jonb.
BbICOKa i 3HeprHH aKTHBaHHH TepMHLIeCKOPO pa3JI0}KeHH51 Kepo-
reHa yKa3bIBaeT Ha pa3pbIB yrJlepoA-yr.nepoAHblx CB513eI3 H, cJIe-
AOBaTeJIbHO, corJlacyeTCH C HaIUHMH npeACTaBJIeHHHMH 0 CTa61IJtH-
3aIZHH KeporeHa.
O6pa3oBaHHe TepMo6HTyMa KaK npoMe}KyTOLIHOn CTaJIHH Tep-
MHYeCKOrO pa3Jlo}KeHH5i ropiomero CJIanua 3aBHCHT OT yCJIOBIIA
npOBeAeHHH HarpeBaHHH. 1-1pH OAHHaKOBbIX CTeneHHX pa3JI0}KeHHH
KeporeHa 6HTyM, noJly'IeHHbIII HpH 6ouuee BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax,
COAep}KHT 6oJIbnle KHCJiOpOAa H McHbII1e yrJIepoAa, He}KeJIH 6HTyM
HH3KOTCMnepaT_ypHoro pa3JI0}KeHI151. 11pH OAHHaKOBOH TeMnepa-
Type 6HTyM C 6oJlbnieu CTeneHblO pa3JIO}KCHHSI coaep)KHT 60JIbUle
yrJlepoAa m MenbHle BOAopoAa, KHCJIOpoaa m cepbl. HCXOAH H3
BbIHIeCKa3aHHOrO, HeJIb3B rOBOpHTb 0 TeMnepaType 6HTyMHHII3a-
19
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
LjHH, TaK KaK 6HTYMHHH3auH5i cJiaHLja KyKepCHTa C XOpOLLIHM BbI-
XOJjOM npOHCXO IIT B LHHpOKOM TeMnepaTypHOM HHTepBaJIe 300-
475?. CBOI3CTBa 6HTyMOB onpe,IjeJIHIOTCH pLT OM napaJIJleJlbHbIX
peaKL[HA: o6pa3OBaHHeM 6HTyMa H3 KeporeHa, pa3JIO}KeHHeM 6H-
TYMa Ha CMOJIy, ra3 H BOJjy, H peaKILHHMH KOHjjeHCaUHH, noJIHMe-
pH3aUHH H BHYTPHMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX neperpynrnHposoK B 6HTyMe H
KeporeH(-.
O6pa3OBaHHe JIerKHX HOrOHOB CMOJIbI npOHCXOgHT B pe3yJIb-
TaTe nepBHLIHoro pa3Jlo}KeHHH KeporeHa. B TeMnepaTypHOM HHTep-
BaJie 300-330? o6pa3yeTCH npHMepHO 85% OT MaKCHMaJIbHoro
BbiXOjja 6eH3HHOBOII (lJpaKuHH, a 15 % - B pe3yJlbTaTe KpeKHHra
TH}KeJIOII CMOJIbI. OTCIOJja MO}KHO CJjeJiaTb 3aKJIIOTieHHe, '-ITO JIeTy-
?IHe Beu eCTBa o6pa3yIOTC51 He3aBHCHMO Jjpyr OT Jjpyra H HBJIRIOT-
CH npOZjyKTaMH nepBH4HOro pa3Jlo}KeHHA.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, XHMH4eCKaR npHpoiia JIeTYLIHX BeLueCTB HH3KO-
H cpe.rweTeMnepaTypHoro pa3Jlo}KeHHH OnpeJjeJ!Herc R B OCHOBHOM
XHMHgeCKHMH CBOHCTBBMH HCXOJjHOFO BenjecTBa, a He BTOpHgHbIMH
peaKuHSIMH B napOBOII (J)a3e.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
X1IMHgECI{AJI HPHPO))A EEPOPEHA
HPHBAJITtfncHoPO I'OPIOtIETO CJIAHIUA RYREPCHTA
H HOBbIIT HYTb EI'O HCHOJIb3OBAHITfi
A. C. DoMHHa, JI. ff. Ho6yab, 3. A. AerTepeBa
(Hucruryr xuxuu AH 9crCCP, Taii iuu)
H3y4aJICA KeporeH KyKepCHTa McTOAOM OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH aecT-
pyKILHH MapraHlleBOKHCJIbIM KaJIHeM B meJIOLIHOH cp'eAe H B3aHMO-
AeHCTBHA C a30THOH KHCJIOTOH pa3JIH4HbIX KOHueHTpaUHH.
Pa3pa6OTaHbI oco6ble yCJIOBHA MHorocTyneH4aTOH OKHCJIHTeJIb-
HCH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa, n03BOJIHBHIHe Bnepsble ny-
TeM OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa BbIAeJIHTb 77,7% yr.ne-
poAa B BHAe opraHH4ecKHx CoeAHHeHHH pa3JIHqHOH CJIOSKHOCTH.
HaHAeHbu yCJIOBHA pa3AeJIbHOH CTVHeH4aTOH AeCTpyKUHH CJIO}KHbIX
OCKOJIKOB nPOAYKTOB pacluenJlexnH KeporeHa. fOKa3aHO, LITO
KeporeH KyKepCHTa He CoAepM{HT yCTOH4HBbIX K OKHCJIHTeJHO
CTpyKTypHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
Pa3pa6OTaHbI yCJIOBHA pa3AeJIeHH5I npOAyKTOB OKHCJIeHHA Ha
rpyn,nbl, OTJIH4aiOUIHeCA no COCTaBV H CBOHCTBaM. H3 npouyKTOB
OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH AeCTPYKIIHH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa BbIAeJIeHO 38,4%,
yrJlepoAa B BHAe AByXOCHOBHbIX KHCJIOT BbIIHe HlaB JleBOR (OT AH-
TapHOH AO ce6aIIHHOBOH BKJIIO4HTeJIbHO). fOKa3aHO, 4TO B Be-
H.IecTBe KeporeHa yrJlepoA B HaCbIHIeHHOH 4aCTH CTpyKTypbI CO-
CTaBJIAeT 6OJIee 50%.
HOJIy4eHHble pe3yJlbTaTbI, Kp0Me HX TeopeTHLIeCKOrO no3HaBa-
TeJlbHOrO 3HageHH51, ABHJIHCb OCHOBOH HOBoro XHMH4eCKOro HyTH
nepepa6oTKH CJIaHua KyKepCHTa Ha IByXOCHOBHble HacbIHZeHHble
KHCJIOTbI, npeACTaBJ H0flIHe CO60H OAH'H H3 OCHOBHbIX KOMn,OHCHTOB
AJIA CHHTe3a IIIIIpOKOro aCCOpTHMeHTa XHMH4eCKHX npOAyKTOB.
B3aHMoAeHCTBHe c a30THOH KHCJIOTOH nOKa3a.IO, 4TO KeporeH
KyKepCHTa pearHpyeT no THny CoeAHHeHHH aJIH(paTH4eCKOro Xa-
paKTepa H B yCJIOBHAX, KorAa apoMaTH4eCKHe H OKCHapoMaTH4e-
CKHe COeAHHeHHH nepexOAAT B HHTpo(4eHOJIbI H apyrHe HHTpO-
coeAHHeHHA, B Ka4ecTBe npOAyKTOB OKHCJICHHA o6pa3y!OTCA rJI B-
HbIM o6pa3OM HacbIIIIeHHble AByXOCHOBHble KHCJIOTbl, HCMHOT0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O,L IIOOCHOBHbIX HaCbinjeHHbIX KHCJJOT (2-4%) H CJIO}KHble nOJIII-
EJyHKUHOHaJ!bHble KHCJIOTbI C HH3KHM OTHOfeHHeM C/H = 8. 3TO
yKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, '-ITO B BeLUeCTBe KepOreHa He CO,i(ep}KaTCH
B CKOJIbKO-HH6yJ.jb 3Ha'-IHTeJIbHbIX KOJIIILIeCTBax OKCH6eH3OJIbHble
CTpyKI'ypHble 3JIeMeHTbI, HMCIOHj1eCB B ryMHH,OBbIX KHCJIOTaX.
fIocJleJjHee JjaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb npe.jrloJlaraTb, IITO BbICOKOe co-
Aep)KaHHe CpeHOJIOB B CMOJIe nOJIyKOKCOBaHHSI 3TOFO CJiaHUa o6y-
CJIOBJIHBaeTCSI He HMeJOIIWMHCSI B CTpyKType KeporeHa npOH3BOJj-
HbIMH CpeHOJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB, a COeaHHeHHBMH C aJIII(paTHgeCKHM
yrJiepoJ[OM. 3TH COeaHHeHHB B pe3yJlbTaTe L erHJjpaTauHH no,j
BJIHSIHHeM BBICOKHX TeMnepaTyp HJIH npH HeBbICOKHX TeMnepaTy-
pax nOJJ B03Ae CTBHeM peareHTOB, pe3KO CHH}KaK)IuHX 3HeprHlo
aKTHBauIH 3TOro npouecca,Jierxo apoMaTH3HpyIOTCH H, B 0006eH-
HOCT14, JlerKO O6pa3yJoT MOHO- H fOJIHCpeHOJIbI.
H3y1IeHHe B03MO)KHOCTH HCrOJIb3OBaHHH a30THOr4 KHCJIOTbI P.
Ka'-IeCTBe npOMbImJIeHHoro OKHCJIHTeJIH KeporeHa KyKepCHTa IJIH
HOJIy4eHHH IjByXOCHOBHbIX KHCJIOT OT SIHTapHOIl KHCJIOTbl AO ce6a-
IJHHOBOII nOKa3ajIo, LITO a30THaH KHCJIOTa MWKeT 6bITb npHMeHeHa
B KOHueHTpHpOBaHHOM BHJje 6e3 Jao6aBJIeHHH H B pa36aBJIeHHOM
BHJje noa gaBJIeHHeM. flpH 3TOM BbIXO. KIICJIOT J[OXOJjHT HO BUY J10
55% OT HCXO2HOFO KepOreHa. OKHCJIeHHe npOBOAHJIOCb Ha KOHueH-
TpaTe KeporeHa c co,1ep?KanneM 85-90% opraHH'Iecxoro Beiue-
CTBa. CTOHMOCTb HCXO2HOTO KOHueHTpaTa, CLIHTaH HH)KHHI1 npe,geiI
BbIX'O,Aa KHCJIOT 300 Ke/T, He aOCTHraeT 1000 py6. Ha TOHHY BbIIIIe-
yKa3aHHOIt CMeCH KHCJIOT. Pacxoj a30THOfI KHCJIOTbI Ha TOHHy
COCTaBJISIeT MBKCHMaJIbHO 1 :9 (60% KOHueHTpauHH). HCXOJ[8 H3
IjaHHbIX Jla6opaTOpHbIX HCCJIe2jOBaHHII CLIHTaeM npouecc OKHCJIH-
TeJIbHOIt nepepa60TKH KOHueHTpaTa KeporeHa Ha HacblujeHHble
fByXOCHCBHble KHCJIOTbI 3KOHOMHTIeCKH UeJIeCoo6pa3HbIM. 3anacbl
CbIpbSI 1JIH 3TOPO npouecca npaKTH'eCKH MO)KHO CLIHTaTb Heorpa-
HHLIeHHbIMH. IIOJIy'-IeHHe KOHUeHTpaTa He npe21CTaBJIHeT TpyJ[HO-
cTeII.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O COCTABE COERIHEHIfl PHAA BEH3OJIA
H THO(DEHA B JIE1I{HX (DPARIjHHX CMOJIbI
TEPMHLIECROTO PA3JI07KEHHH CPEAHEBOJIMCRHX
CJIAHIJEB CABEJIbEBCF OFO MECTOPO?IC)JEHHII
B. II. a)egopoB, fl. I. FoabJ4)ap6, r. H. ropymunHa
(Hucruryr opeauu'tecnou xuMuu uM. H. 4. 3ereuucicoeo AH CCCP, Mocxea)
I'13ytleH HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIH H KOJIHYeCTBeHHbIH COCTaB coeAHHe-
HH13 p5iaa 6eH3oJIa H THo(peHa, 3aKJIloLIaloIUHXCH B JIerKOH CppaKUHH
CMOJIbI TepMH4eCKOrO pa3JIo>KeHHSI cpeAHeBOJI}KCKHX CJIaHueB Ca-
Be.nbeBCKOrO McCTOpo)KjjeHH5I.
BbInII ncc.zeAOBaHbI aBa o6pa3ua JIerKOII (ppaKUHH CMOJIbI,
noJIyLIeHHble Ha 9KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOH yCT'aHOBKe B Ta.IJIHHe
DHHHoM AH CCCP COBMeCTHO C I4HCT14TYTOM XHMHH AH DCCP.
OAHH o6pa3elj CppaKUHH 6bIJI OTOrHaH AO 200' 143 CMOJIbI, nOJIy-
LIeHHOH npouecco DHI'IHa npl4 TepMHL4eCKOM pa3JIO}KeHHH CJIaH-
ueB (TeMnepaTypa 400?) ; apyrofl o6pa3eu C TeMnepaTypoll KHne-
H1451 Ao 200? 6bIJI BbIAeJIeH H3 CMOJIbI, noJly4IeHHOH TeM ?Ke npoUeC
coM npH 725?.
XHMHqeCKHMH 14 Cpv131ILIeCKHMH McTOAaMH 6bIJI noJIyLIeH THO-
(peHoapoMaTHLIeCKHII KOHUeHTpaT, coAep}KaUJ,HH CBbIHIe 90% coe-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KOJIHYecTBeHHOe OnpeJjeJleHHe THO(JeHa H ero rOMOJIOFOB B
yxa3aHHbIx BbILue ())paKIHSIX, coJ(ep]KaI4ox em e He6ojlbuioe KoJIH.-
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0,29 Ka 6e i3oJia, 0,82 Ke ToJIyo ia, 0,60 K2 KCHJIOJIOB, 0,17 K2 THO-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 BbIJ(EJIEHHH H HCHOJIb3OBAHHH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
npenapaT nHpoxaTexHHa. Ro 3Toro IiHpOKaTexHH BBO3HJICB H3-3a
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MHOrO pa3 VBejIHLIHTb npOH3BOACTBO 3THX CMOJI B COBeTCKOM
COI03e.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HPHPOAHbIE RAPBHAbI YPAHA
B MArMATHiIECRHX UPHCTAJIJIHLIECRHX HOPOAAX
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pa3JIHwIHOro neTporpaCMHtlecxOrO COCTaBa H B Jla6opaTOpHbIX yCAO-
BHHX npOBeaeHO Hx pa3JIO}xeHHe c.na6onoAKHcJIeHH0iI BOAOII.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
If BOHPOCY 0 3AIfOHOMEPHOCTRX
HPOIRECCA ROI{COBAHH}I YTJIEII
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TOAOB HccJIeaOBaHH5i 6bIJIH npHMeHeHbl B nePBOM npH6JIH>KeHHII
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BonpocaM: o6uzas cxeMa npauecca KOKOOBaHn} yr.iief; npH6op
(yCTaHOBKa) ; McTOAbi aHaJIH3a, o6o6II;eHHH H pe3yJlbTaTbl HX.
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KOMnJIe'KCa TenJIOBbIX, XHMHqeCKHX H q)H3HK0-XH,MHiieCKHX npouec-
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K =+(T, T, V, U), (1)
TAe K - KOKC, ero CBOHCTBa, 'r - BpeMH, T - Ten JIOBble npOI(eccbi,
V - XHMHgeCKHe npoueccbl, U -'(pH3HKO-XHMHtIeCKHe H3MeHeHH54
KOKCyeMOPO CJI0H.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HO Tpe60BaHHIo cxeMbl H ypaBHeHHeI (1) HccJIeJjoBaHbI CBOT-I-
CTBa npoMbIHIJIeHHorO KOKCa K, KaK onpeJjeJIHeMoro COCTOIHHH S
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TaM.
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TbeBa.
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CKOpO'CTH npouecca (0? MbI COCTaBHJIH aJIH XHMFI~IeC'KOFO npespa-
HjeHHH yrJIH (V) KHHeTHqecKOe ypaBHeHHe
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f (1 - V), (2)
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OTHOCHTeJIbHOe yueJlbHoe KOJIH -IeCTBO JIeTytIHX llp'onopUHOHaJIbHo
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
o6o61ueHHOMy K03(j(p1UHeHTy
1 y v - P w, - P+.e RT(T) (4)
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OKOHgaTejlbHOro pemeHHSI nOCTaBJIeHHOH 3aaaTIH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
JIlFHHTbI 3AISAPHATbH,
HX COCTAB H HYTH HCHOJIb3OBAHI4H
A. M. KypHmK0
(Ymcaopoacicuu a ocyaapcreeuuetii yuueepcurer)
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JUST McCTHOi3 npoMbIHIJIeH'HOCTH H B 6bITy. H3-3a BbICOKOrO coaepI
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a3oTa 0,91-1,15 'H cepbl 2,14-3,79 B nepectieTe Ha cyxylo Macey
JIHrHHTa. CneKTpaJIbHNM aHaJIH30M yCTaHOBJIeHO coaepxcaHHe B
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HOJlytieHbl BbIXOJjbI 4)paKIUHN (B %) : 1) Ijo 170?- 5,6-5,89;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
2) 170-230?-19,1-23,1; 3) 230-300?-41,13-52,41: OCTaTOK
(neK) - 25,23-26,57. IlepBH Hasl cMoJla coAepxcIIT cpeHOJIOB AO
21 %, napa4 llHa 12 H rsaxxojla 3%.
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JIeHO, LITO BbIXOA 6HTYMOB 3aBHCHT 'OT npHMeHHeMbIX paCTB?OpHTe-
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4eCKOcl nepepa60TKH B CeJIbCK'OM XO35ifICTBe.
3 3axa3 .7 1010
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I{ TEOPIIII CIIEHAHHJI YPJIEI%I
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Ba'HHH, OKHCJIeHH5I H rip. H, cimaoBaTeJIbHO, 3aBHCHT OT OCTaTOgIHOH,
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XHMHLIECKAR IIPHPOJIA rYMHHOBbIX RHCJIOT
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Bble KHCJIOTbI 9T0 OKCHOKCOKap6OHOBble KHCJIOTbI. IIo CTpOeHHIO
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pa3HbIX PyMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT 3HagHTeJIbHO pa3JIHtIaJIHCb. Ha OCHOBa-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XIIMFIFI HPOIIECCOB OBPA30BAHHH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOCTb TeopaH (DHHlepa - UlpeAepa co CxeMo13: JIHIHHH - ryMHHO-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
fO1 COBAH1IE YPJIE]Vf
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BpeMeHH HX Bblaep)KHBaHHf1 c Ao6aBKaMH. B ra3e H3 yFJ1 i I,2 nPH
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ciBa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KoxcosaHHe B neqH I'II'14 yraeli I'2i TC H Hx cMeceli c L o6aBKa-
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gIHIBaeTCSI inpOTHIB 013K~Hj(aeMoro no pac eTy -H'3 yr.ix H ao6auxH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ROJIJIOll HO-XHMHLIECRHE OCHOBbI
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AHcneprHpOBaHHH yrJlef, BXOJ IU1HX B IHHXTY. Z[JI5I yrJleH cpe_AHeli
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
6) (~aKTopbI, BJIHmomiie Ha ()113HKO-XHMHLieCKHe npoueccbI i3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BYPbIE H HECHERAIOII~HECH HAMEHH16IE YI'JIH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B gaCTHOCTH, K yBeJIHTieHHIO MHKpOTBepJjOCTII H H3MeHeHHIO , pyrHx
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
XHMHI{O-I{ATAJIHTHiIECJ HI1 METO)j
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H3BeCTb. flpHMepHbIH COCT2B HIHXTbI: PYAHble KOHIjeHTpaTbl 70-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBME HPHH]qHHbI OBOPAIAEHHFI
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
06H1yJO OCHOBy H o6111VIO TeXHOJIorH'-IecKylo HanpaBJIeHHOCTb. TaK,
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(b)
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,apyrHX aKTHBHbIX npOMex{yTOT-IHbIX coeAHHeHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
OB OCHOBHbIX 3AROHOMEPHOCTfIX
HPOLIECCA HOA3EMHOf1 PA3WDHI AI III YIJIEft
H. B. JIaBpOB
(H; cruryT zopiouux ucno72aeMbLx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
IIOA3eMHa5i ra3llcpHKalHi npeACTaBJI5ieT co6ofi OAHY H3 pa3-
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uecca. Heo6xoAHMo yKa3aTb, TITO ropexxe H ra3Hq)HKaamo
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Hblfi npouecc C TOTIKH 3peHHSI 06uuHOCTH XHMHTIeCKHX peaKuHH.
.IIpo6JIeMa ropeHHSi TBepAOrO TOfJIHBa eCTb B OCHOBHOM npo6JIeMa
ropeHHSI yr.Iepol(a. XHMHTIeCKHe peaKuHH, npoTexaloluHe npH ro-
peHHH H ra3HCHHKauHH TBepaoro TOnJIHBa, npHHSITO pa3AeJIHTb Ha
OKHCJIHTeJIbHbie H BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHble.
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paKTepy npSIMO npOTHBOnOJIO}KHbIMH, BCKpbIBaIOT CyIuHOCTb HPO-
uecca ropeHHSI H ra3Hc HKaIIHH TBepAorO TonjnHBa B AISHaMHKe H
npeACTaBJIHeT ero .1 BH}KyLuyIO cHJIy. B Haggane KHCJIOpOAHON 30HbI
TJIflBHaH pOJIb npHHaAJIe]KHT OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIM npoueccaM (BbICOKaH
KOHueHTpauIIH KHCJiopoaa). FIociieAHHe BbI3bIBaIOT TegeHHe BOC-
CTaHOBHTeJIbHbIX npoueCCOB, TaK KaK OHH AaIOT AJIH HHX Heo6XOAH-
Mble IICXOAHble npOAyKTbI peaKlHfI H TefJlO.
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KHCJIopoJLa CTaHOBHTCSI He3HaTIHTeJIbHOfI, a KOHueHTpauHSI npoJyK-
TOB cropaHHH - 60JIbWOA H peariipyiomHe BeIueCTBa HarpeTbi AO
BbICOKHX TeMnepaTyp, OCHOBHyx) pOJIb B ropeHHH H ra3H(4HKauHH
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CTa,aHH: AHC1Jcpy3HH KHCJiOpOAa K yrJlepOAHoH nOBepXHOCTH ->
JH3HTIeCKOfI aacop6UHH KHcJIopoaa yrJlepoAHofl riOBepXHOCTbIO ->
XHMHTIeCKOH aACop6uHH KHcJIopoAa yrJlepOAHofI HOBepXHOCTbIO
(o6pa3oBaHHe npoMexcyTOTIHOro yrJiepoao-KHCJIOpOAHOrO xoMnJleK-
ca) --i- pa3JIO)K HHSI KOMnJIeKCa-> Aecop6uHH npOAyKTOB peaKuHH -->
-+AH4M y3HH npOAyKTOB peaKuHH B ra30BbIf4 06'beM.
Oco6eHHOCTH rOpHo-reoJTorHTIeCKHX yCJIOBHII 3aJleraHH51 yrOJlb-
HbIX nJIaCTOB H 4 H3HKO-XHMHTIeCKHe CBOfICTBa ropiOTIHX HCKonae-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MbIX nPH HOJ13eMHOII ra3H()HKaUHH yrJieil BbI3bIBaIOT KaHaJIbHIAI
xOJj npouecca, KOTOpbI1I HeBO3MO)KHO npe,r oTBpaTHTb BHeILTHHM
MexaHHgeCKHM BMeHIaTeJIbCTBOM.
HO CBOeMy xapaKTepy Hpouecc pearxpoBaHHF B xanaiie cJie-
JIyeT OTHeCTH K HOJIyo6paujeHHOMy Hpoueccy ra3Hq)HKaIHH. HaH-
60J1ee 6JIH3KO K nOJj3eMHOII ra3H#KauHH HpH6JIH}KaeTCH nonepeq
HO-TOgHbIII Hpouecc B HeKOTOPbIX TpaHcnOpTHbIX ra3orenepaTOpax.
B OTJIHLIHe OT ra3HIpHKaIIHH CJIOH TOHJIHBa B Ha3eMHbIX
r'a3oreHepaTOpax HpH II0Jj3eMH01I ra3HIpHKauHH yrJre i fOSHBJIHeTCSI
pHJj HOBbIX HpHHuHHHaJibHbIX oco6eHHOCTeII:
1) OTCyTCTByeT JjBH}KeHHe TOHJIHBa; BblropaHHe yrOJIbHOrO
HJIaCTa HpOHCXOJjHT B pe3yJlbTaTe HepeMeH eHHH oTlara ropeHHSI,
BMeCTe 'C KOTOPbIM HPOCTpaHCTBeHHO nepeMeLgalOTCH 3OHbI HOJj3eM-
HOrO ra3oreHepaTOpa.
2) OTCYTCTByIOT ra30HerpOHHuaeMbie CTeHKH. PeaKUHOHHb1Ii
KaHaJI HenocpeJICTBeHHo rpaHHLIHT C 3anacaMH yrnlx, noJ .ile}KaMHM1I
ra3H(lHKauHH; BCJIe,L CTBHe 3TOT0 yrOJIb M0)KeT Ho,l BepraTbCSI pa3-
JIHLIHOTO BHJIa TepMHgeCKOII o6pa60TKe Ha onpeJ1eJieHHyIo rJIy6HHy.
3) B HOJj3eMHbIII ra3oreHepaTOp MOryT HpOHHKaTb rpyHTOBble
BOJIbI.
4) PeaKUHOHHbIH KaHaji ConpHKacaeTc5l C MHHepaJlbHbrMH nO-
poaaMH (KpoBJIH H naTIKH HJIB'CTa, HpOHJIaCTKH rIOpQJjbI, 3OJia n
IluiaKH).
5) PaCCTOSIHHSI Me%Jjy CKBa3KHHBMH HO yrJIIO BO MHOrO pas
npeBbIIHaIOT Heo6XOJIHMyIO JLJIHHy peaKuHOHHbIX 30H.
HpH noJiyo6paweHHOM ripouecce B HOJj3eMHOM ra3oreHepaTOpe
rIOCTynJIeHHe BOJIHHbIX napoB H JIeTygHX BeLueCTB npOHCXOJjHT BO
BCe peaKIIHOHHbie 30HbI. HO gJIHHe peaKUHOHHoro KaHaJia pa3Me-
LuaJoTCSI TPH OCHOBHble 3OHbI: 3oHa OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX peaKlHII, 30Ha
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nepneHjuiKyJISIpHO K jBH}KeHHio ra30Boro HOTOKa paCHOJlaraeT-
CSI 30Ha HOJJFOTOBKH TOHJIHBa. OCO6e'HHOCTbIO JIHHaMHKH ra3006-
pa30BaHHH B HOJ13eMHOM ra3oreHepaTOpe ABJIHeTCSI pa3BHTHe 06'b-
eMHbIX,peaKLH1I ropeHHH 'H reTeporeHHbIX KaTaJIHTHLIeCKHX peaKunll
KOHBOpCHH OKHCH yrJieporia H J1eTytlHX BeujeCTB (B OCHOBHOM Me-
TaHa) BO,g$IHbIMH HapaMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
RJIACCn(I 1H AIIHH I{AMEHHbIX YTJIEH
HO CI{JIOHHOCTH R OIilICJIEHHIO H CAMOB03I'OPAHHIO
B. D. Opemxo
(MOC7#06C7Cui6 T82MOAoewiCC7CLGa UUCTUTYT nuufeeoa fpO.MbULLABKUOCTU)
Ha BcecOI03HOM cOBeal.aHHH no XHMHH H rexe3Hcy TBepAblx
TOHJIHB B HHBape 1951 r. aBTOpOM 6bIJIH pa3BHTbI npeJ cTaBJIeHHH
O KOJIJIOH1 HO-XHMHtleCKOH CTpyKType HCKOnaeMblx yrJIeH H fOKa3a-
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HHIO.
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6oJlbUJorO KOJIHtIeCTBa AOHeUKHX H Ky3He1,KHX yrJlei aBTOpy yAa-
JIOCb rIOJIytIHTb ,L aHHble, 06'beKTHBHO XapaKTepH3yloaule CKJIOHHOCTb
yrJieH K OKHCJIeHH1O H caMOB03rOpaHHIO.
AHaJIH3 MHIIeJIJI$IPHOH CTpyKTypbI HCKOnaeMblX yrJleii npHBOAHT
K 3aKJIK)tieHH1O, qTO OKHCJIeHHe yrJISI KHCJIOpO,i[OM B03JIyXa npo-
HCXOJ HT BYTeM B3aHMOAeHCTBHH ero c peaKIIHOHHO-cnoco6HbIMH
rpynnaMH JIHO(pHJIbHOH HeynopHAotleHHOH tiaCTH yrJIH H o6yrJlepo-
}KeHHOH t4aCTb1O - nceBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaMH yFOJIbHbIX MHueJIJI C
06pa3OBaHHeM HH3KOTeMnepaTypHbIX H BbICOKOTeMnepaTypHbIX
KOMfJIeKCOB. O6pa3oBaHHe o60HX BHAOB KOMHJIeKCOB aOKa3aHo
.aBTOPOM 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHO. HHTeHCHBHOCTb 06pa3OBaHH51 Ka)Kao-
rO BH,na KOMnJIeKCOB 3aBHCHT, BO-nepBblX, OT COOTHOHIeHHSI JIHO-
?(pHJIbHOI1 H o6yrJlepOHteHHOH tiaCTei MH1J JIJI H, BO-BTOpbIX, OT HX
rIPHPOJLbI - KOJIHtIeCTBa peaKIIHOHHbIX rpynn B JIHO()HJIbHOH tiaCTH
MHIIeJIJI (HH3KOTeMnepaTypHble KOMnJIeKCbI) H CTeneHH ynopHAO-
tieHHOCTH reKCarOHaJIbHbIX CeTOK B nCeBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaX MHIIeJIJI
,(BbICOKOTeMnepaTypHble KOMHJIeKCbI).
0 COCTaBe H KOJIHtIeCTBe JIHO(pHJIbHOH qaCTH MHH,eJIJI CYAHT no
BbIXOAy H COCT8By HpOJ YKTOB HH3KOTeMnepaTypHOI'O TepMHtIeCKoro
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B nCeBAOKpHCTaJIJIHTaX - no TepMHLIeCKOH yCTOHtlHBOCTH BbICOKO-
TeMnepaTypHbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, TeMnepaTypa pa3pyiueHH5I KOTOpbIX
To}K eCTBeHHa TeMnepaType B03rOpaHHH ,IIaHHOrO yrJI.9.
KJIaCCH(pHKauHH yrJiei NO CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIeHHIO ocyiue-
CTBJIAeTCSI no KOJIHtIeCTBy H COCTflBY npO,aYKTOB HH3KOTeMnepaTyp-
Horo pa3JIo?KeH 5i yrJIR, onpe,lleJISIeMbIx no McTOAy, npeA.no>KeHHO-
61
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
My H onHCaHHOMy aBTOpOM. flpH 3TOM Bce yrJIH B TpeyrOJIbHHKe
FH66Ca: CMOJIa - nOJIyKOKC - BOJja + ra3, pacnoJlaraIOTCH B BHAe
HOJIOCbI, B npe,geJlax KOTOpOIi COCT2B npo yKTOB TepMHTrecxoro
pa3JIo>KeHHH Ka)K4Oro yrJIH npeJjCTaBJIeH TOLIKOIi Ha rIJIOCKOCTII.
J.IJISI npaKTHgeCKHX ueJieli Bce yrJIH MOryT 6bITb pa3JjeJieHbl Ha tie-
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onpeJZeJTSnoujeM COCTaB JIHO(1)HJIbHOIi TiaCTH MHueJIJI, a cJleJwBa-
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CKJIOHHOCTb yrJISI K caMOB03ropaHHK) 3aBHCHT OT er0 CnOCO6HO
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HarpeBaHHlo, H OT TepMHge0KOI3 yCTOi1LIHBOCTH BbICOKOTeMnepaTyp-
HbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, T. e. OT BeJIHTIHHbl TeMnepaTypbl B03ropaHH51,
XapaKTepH3yloujeti BO3rOpaHHe yrJISI H nepexo,u B CTH,L HIO ropeHHH.
IIpH HopMaJIbHOM pa3BHTHH n'poi eCCOB McTaMop(pn3Ma HJjeH-
THT4HOCTH yrJleo6pa3oBaTeJIeii H T. H. npouecc o6yrJlepo)KnBaHHa
yriix aoji>KeH npHBOAHTb K 3aKOHOMepHOMy H3MeHeHHIO 000THOIIIe-
HH5I JIHO(1HJIbHOii gaCTH MHueJIJI H nceBJ oKpHCTaJIJIHTOB H 3aKOHO-
MepHOMy H3MeHeHHIO HX CBOIICTB. B 3TOM CJIyLIae KJIBCCbI yrJieii no
CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIeHHIO JjOJI}KHbI 6bITb TO)KJjeCTBeHHbI K.naCCaM
NO CKJIOHHOCTH K caMOB03rOpaHHIO. BcIKoro poaa OTKJIOHeHHSI OT
yCJIOBHI4 npouecca o6yrJlepo)KHBaHHH yrJIH, KoJIe6aHHH B cOCTaae
yrJieo6pa3OBaTeJIeIi, YCJIOBHIi CpeKbi H T. A. MoryT H3MeHHTb XapaK-
Tep, HHTeHCHBHOCTb H Jjaxce HanpaBJieHHe Ba}KHeiili1Hx npoueCCOa,
upOTeKaioHjHx ripH o6yrJlepoxcHBaHHH yrJIH, HapyHlau 3aKOHoMep-
Hbre COOTHOHIeHHH COCTaBa H CBOiiCTB JIHO(IJHJIbHOcI H o6yrJIepo)KeH
HOII LIaCTeii yrOJIbHbIX MHueJIJi, XapaKTepHble KJi5i KaHHoro McCTO-
poxcJjeHHx. B pe3yJlbTaTe yrJIH MoryT HMeTb 6oJiee HH3KyI0 HJIH
6o,nee BbICOKy!O TeMnepaTypy Bo3ropaHH5I, He COOTBeTCTByK)ujyfo
KoJIH4ecTBy H COCTaBy HX JIHO(JHJIbHOIi 'lacTH. B riepaoM cniyqae
yrJIH o6Hapy}KaT 66JIbIIlyIO CKJIOHHOCTb K CaMOBO3rOpaHHIO, BO
BTOpOM cJiyqae - McHbnly!o. IZOCTpOHB HopMaJIbHoe, HaH6ojlee
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KHarpaMMbI, XapaKTepH3yiomel-i COCTMB JIH4HJIbHOii xiacTH yrJISI,
onpeKeJlRloujero CKJIOHHOCTb er0 K OKHCJIeHHIO, MO}KHO KJIaccH()H?
IHpOBaTb yrJIH rIO CKJIOHHOCTH H caMOB03rOpaHrHIO.
ICCJIeKoBaHHe aOHeUKHX yr.PeI3 IIOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO y 66% HCCJIe-
KOBaHHbIX yrJieii KJIacCbI no CKJIOHHOCTH 'K OKHCJIeHHIO H CaMOB03rO-?
paHHIO COBnaKalOT; 34% JgOHeIKHX yrJleli n0 CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIe-
HHIO H CaMOBO3rOpaHHIO aOJI)KHbi 6bITb OTHeCeHbI K pa3HbIM KJIac-
caM. Pe3yJIbTaTbl KJIaCCH(~HKafHH yrJieii no CKJIOHHOCTH K OKHCJIe-
HHIO H CaMOB03ropaHHK) 6bIJIH ConOCTaBJIeHbI C OnbITHbJMH aaH-
HbIMH, noJIyTIeHHbIMH MaI(HIAI4, H nOKa3aJIH BeCbMa xopoiuee
cor.nacne, a B psiJje c.nyxiaeB T103BOJIHJIH 06,bHCHHTb aHOMaJlbHOe
noneJjeHHe yr.leii, o6Hapy}KHBaiorgHx rioBbIII1 HHy}O CKJIOHHOCTb K
caMOHarpeaaHHl0, HO He CaMOBO3ropaIOigHXC5i.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O HPOIIECCE rA300BPA30BAHH}I
HPH rA3H4)H AIAI4l TBEPRbIX TOHJIYIB
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(Hxcruryr aopio~iux ucrconaeXbIx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
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311 C 3THM B HI'H AH CCCP HPOBOJRTCH 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHble H
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nOCB InLeHHble 113yLIeHHIO McXBHH3Ma ra3006pa3OBaHHH HpH nOJIy-
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B cMOJIe npH npaKTHLIeCKOM nOCTO IHCTBe ee BbIxoaa H HeKOTOpoe
yMeHbIHeHHe BbIXOAa nOJIyKOKca. C pOCTOM AaBJIeHHR yBeJIHLIHBaeT-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CH AOJIH nOTeHuHajIbxoro TenJla, nepeXOAHIuero B ra3 B 3OHe noJIy-
KOKCOBaHHH.
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B yCJIOBHHX ra3Hq)HKaIIHH TOHJIHB noA AaBJIeHHeM HBJIHeTCH H3Me-
HeHHe COCTaBa ra30BOR CMecH, n0CTynai0IgeIf B 30Hy BOCcTaHOBH-
TeJIbHbIX peaKUH11.
I'IccJleAOBaHHe ycJIOBHI3, cnoco6CTByIOnLHx npOTexaHH1O peaKUHH
KOHBepcHH McTana, y}Ke o6pa3oBaBIHerocf npH ra3HC1HKauHH TBep-
AbIX TOnJIHB rIOA BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM, fOKa3aJIo MaJiyio 34CpeKTHB-
HOCTb HCnOJIb3oBaHHH 3TOI3 peaKuHH B HPHCyTCTBHH yrJIH AJISI CHH-
?KeHHH coAep}KaHHH meTaHa B ra3e.
I'I3y,IeHHH npOTeKaHHH peaKIHH CH4 + H2O B npHCyrCTBHH
He)3TpaJIbHOIi HacaAKH nOKa3ajiO BO3MO}KHOCTb aOCTH>KeHHH npaK-
THYeCKH HOJIHOII KOHBepCHH meTaHa rIOJI. BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM npH
TeMnepaTypax nopu xa 1100', npH4eM KOHUeHTpaIIHH McTaHa B
HCXOAHOM ra3e He BJIHHeT Ha CKOpOCTb npouecca.
PeryJJHpoBaHHe coAep}KaHHH meTaHa B ra3e, noJlyliaeMoM npH
ra3H4)HKarHH TOHJIHB n0A AaBJIeHHeM, ueJlecoo6pa3Ho ocylge-
CTBJIHTb B OTAeJIbHOM annapaTe c HeIiTpaJlbHOII HaCaAKOR, LLTO
XOpOnlo yB513bIBaeTC5i C OCHOBHbIM TeXHOJIOrHtieCKHM npOueCCOM H
11O3BOJI5ieT nOBbICHTb 3Cp eKTHBHOCTb Bcero npOH3BOACTBa ra3a.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
K BOHPOCY 0 CHEKAEMOCTH YFJIEII
A. A.Pyc11 en
(Xu.x.uno-rex7to.4oeu'Lecxuu uucruryr, Cof IR, 13oa'apun)
B HanpaBJIefIHH yCTaHOBJIeHHH CyIII,HDCTH CneKaHHS1 H 06pa3o-
BaxHH KOKCa pa60TaJIH MHorne HCCJIe,i[OBaTeJIH. T1pH 9TOM Hay'IHbie
npe,uCTaBJIeHHSI O CaMbIX Ba)KHbIX npoueccax npH cneKaHHH yrJiei
HeOAHOKPBTHO H3MeH5IJIHCb, H B HaCTOSil ee BPeM 1 eiije HeT eAH-
HOrO MHeHH51.
KOKCOBaHHe cMecel H3 TOIIZHX c ia6o cneKalon1HxcHi yrJIeIi B
annapaTe CaHO}KHHKOBa n03BOJIHJIO HaM fOJIyTIHTb aaHHble o Xa-
paKTepe CneKaeMOCTII yrJIef. OnbITbl 6bIJIH npOBeaeHbI C yrJISIMH
BaJIKaHCKoro 6aCCe1IHa py,t1.HHKa , KOTOpble HaXOASITCH
Ha rpaHIlge Me}KAy HG H T yr.nei H HMe1OT CJIeAyiomi4e nOKa3a-
TeJIH: BJiara - Wa = 1,13%; 3o.na -Aa = 7,43%; .neTyT4He Be-
IuecTBa Va = 15,14 %; ceps - Sao 1,90 %; nJIaCTOMerpH4eCKHe
napaMeTpbl - X = 19, Y = 4.
f.IacTOMeTpH4eCKaH KPHBaHi HCXOAHbIX yrJIeM HJIBBHO cHHSKaeT-
c i, OCTaTOK nocJIe KOKCOBaHHH IIpeACTaBJIHeT c Tia6o CJIHHIHHIICSI
nopoIHOK. Ka~IeCTBeHHble HOKa3aTeJIH HCnOJIb3yeMbIX BH,LOB AerTH
AaHbI B Ta6.'IIIue.
KOKCOBbIIII ra3
KaMeuBblx yrneti
ra3orexeparopl11fl
113 Oypble yrneA
YgeJlbnbdl Bec np1 20? . . . . . . . . .
1,16
1,02
BSI3KOCTb no 9Hr.nepy, 50? . . . . . . .
13,8
1i 9
TeMnepaTypa 3aCTblBanim, ?C . . . . . .
-4
+25
KOKC no KonpaACOny, % . . . . . . . .
8,4
3,1
3ona, uo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0,16
0,11
TeMnepaTypa BcnbIWKH no Mapxycony, ?C
106
120
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ByMaxcHble XpoMaTorpaMMbl 3THX BHAOB AerTH fOKa3bIBaloT,
TO KOKCOBbIIi AerOTb COCTOHT H'3 CHAHiKareJleBbix CIMOJI, aCfpaJlb-
Te'HOBbIX H Kap60IIAOBbIX BeujeCTB, a reHepaTOpHbIIi AerOTb - npe-
HMyHjeCTBeHHO H3 neTpojieHOBbIX H KeporeHOBbIX BelI(eCTB.
BbIJIO IPOBe2jeHO KOKCOBaHHe HCXO1[HbIX yrJIef c A06aBJIeHHeM
15% KOKCOBOrO AerTH H ra3oreHepaTOpHoro AerTH H3 6ypblx yrileti.
rlpH Ao6aBJieHHH 15% KOKCOBOro AerTB noJiyvaeTCH 60JIbIuoe yBe-
ameHHe nJIacTHqecKoro CJIOH (y = 23), a rIJIacTOMeTpHtleCKaH
KpHBa5 COBepLueHHO H3MeHHeTC5I, KpyTO nOAHHMaHCb 60JIblIHMH
3Hr3araMH. KOKCOBbIIi OCTaTOK xopoino cnJIaBJIeH, TpenjHHOBaTbIII,
HMeeT BbICOKyIO 6axpoMy, CBeTJIO-cepbll3 IiBeT, 6JIeCTHHjHII. B 3TOM
cjiytiae Ha6JIIOAaeTCH xopomee pacraopei-iHe H AecneprxpOBaHHe
yrJIH B 6JIH3KOM HO XapaKTepy H npoHcxo}KAeHHIO KOKCOBOM AerTe,
B COCTaBe KOTOpOI'O HaXOAHTCB CMeCb CHJIHKareJleBbIX CMOJI,
ac4 aJIbTeHOB, KeporeHOB H Kap6oIiAOB.
rIpH Ro6aBzeHH'H 15% ra3oreHepaTOpHOro 1TerTH nJla'CTH-
tieCKHii CJIOi3 eJie yJIaBJIHBaeTCH (y^-2), a njiacTOMeTpHtlecxac
KPHBaH HenpepblBHO H paBHOMepHO naAaeT. OCTaTOK nocrie KOKCO-
BaHHH, xopouio criji JIeHHbTII, MaJIOTpemHHOBaTbIII, C BbICOKOII tia-
CTHtiHO BbWAeJIHlonjel3CH 6axpoMOH, HMeeT cepbIH TBeT, nOJIy6JIeCTH-
H(HIi. OTCyTCTBHe HPKO BbIpa}KeHHOro nJIaCTOMeTpHtieCKoro CJIOH
npH Ao6aBJIeHHH ra30reHepaTOpHoro AerTH yKa3bIB?aeT, WO yrOJlb
niioxo paCTBopseTCH H AHCneprHpyeTCH B pa3JIHtiHOM nO npOHCXO}K-
AeHHK) 6ypoyrOJlbnoM ra3orenepaTOpxoM AerTe, KOTOPbIfI COCTaB-
JIeH B OCHOBHOM H3 neTpOJIeHOB H KeporeHOB.
B nepBOM c. iytlae - npH Ao6aBJIeHHH KOKCOBOro AerTH - o6pa-
30BaHHe KOKCa npoHCxoAHT nociie pacTBOpeHHH yrJI% H nepexoAa
B njiacTHtiecxoe cocTOSIHHe. Bo BTOPOM cJlytiae He HMeIOT MecTa
pacTBopeHHe yrJiH H nepexoA er0 B njiaCTHtlecxoe COCTOHHHe, a
KOKCOO6pa3.OBaHHe npoHCxoAHT B OCHOBHOM 6.naroliapH IZeMeHTa-
IjHOHHOMy AeIICTBHK) ra3oreHepalopHoro AerTH, H3 KOTOpOTO no-
JlytiaeTCSI CMOJIHHOH KOKC, cKJIeHBaIOnUHIi KOKCOBble tiaCTHIjbI. Ta-
KHM o6pa3OM, RO}KHO C'IHTaTb aOKa3aHHbIM, 4TO HPH o6pa3oBaHHH
KOKCa HMeeT McCTO KaK paCTBopeHHe H AHcneprnposaHHe yrJIH,
TaK H UCMeHTHpoBaHHe KOKCOBbIX tiaCTHII.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O KATAJIIT1ILIECI{OM gE1 CTBHH
PA3JIWIHbIX BEIAECTB IIPH HHPOJIH3E
CJIO?KHbIX OPPAIHigECKIIX BEHAECTB
(KAMEHHbIX YI'JIE1I)
A. C.Bpyic, 3. A.BonxoBa, F. II. re NA,
P. E. JIeA60B-H4
(J(xenponerpoecxuu aceTa.zAypeu iecmua urccruryr u.ni. H. B. Crahuna)
r1p4i npoBeaeHHH KOMnJlexca pa60T nO BbIRCHeHHIO ,z eHCTBHH
pa3JIHYHbIX BeiuecTB, .zw6aBJIneMbIX K yrJHO in npouecca nxpo-
JIH3a (KOKCOBaHHH), HaMH 6bIJIa cnpoeKTHpoBaxa H coopyxceHa
cneuHaJlbHan YKpynHeHHaH JIa6opaTOpHan yCTaHOBKa, nO3BOJIHIO-
iuaH oCytu CTBJIHTb npouecc nHpoJIH3a ,no 5 Ka yr.nn c aBTOMaTH-
4eCKHM peryJIHpoBaHHeM TeMnepaTYPHOrO pe)KMMa H nOJIHbIM
yJIaBJIHBaHHeM H HCCJIeAOBaHHeM JICTytiHX npO,uyKTOB.
B nepaoK cepHH OnbITOB 6bIJI npIIHHT XHMH4eCKH aKTHBHbIi3
KaMeHHbIII yrOJib MaPKH lam, nony4aeMbllt Ha Jj06pOnoJIbCKOA UO(P
B aOH6acce. XapaKTepHCTHKa yrjin (B %) : BblXO,ij JIeTy4HX Be-
nzeCTB Ha roplotiylo Maccy 35, co,uep>KaHHe 3OJIbI 61,8, cepbi o6tuef
Ha cyxyio Maccy 1,27, KHcJIopoAa Ha ropio4yio Maccy 6,7.H a3o-
Ta 1,93. 9TOT yroJib 4aCTH4HO cnexaeTCn: TOJIILLHHa nJIaCTH4ecxoro
CJIOH 11 Aim H n.IacToMeTpH4ecxan ycaAKa 34 Am. ra30BbIrl yroJib
npHHHT AJIH HCCJIe,I;OBaHHI3 nOTOMy, 4To ero npHMeHeHHe HMeeT
B HaCTOHIuee BpeMn HaH6o.nbmee npoMbIm.neHHOe 3Ha4eHHe.
4HCTb16
yr0ab
MapKH r
BCJIH4HHa J{o6aBKH KMnO. K
yrn,o, %
0,002 1 0,02 I 0,2
BblxoA cblporo 6eH3ona, % . . . .
1,56
1,53
1,36
0,12
BbrxoA KaMeHHOyronbHoi CMOJBI, %
6,73
6,60
6,30
6,20
Bb4xo nHporeHeTH9ecxoli Bnam, %
5,33
5,33
5,39
5,67
BbixoA KoKCOBOro ra3a, A/Kt . . .
315
311
296
291
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B KaqecTBe OAHOrO H3 BeIueCTB, ,T o6aBJIeHHbIX K yrJno, 6bIJl aK-
THBHbIFi OKHCJIHTeJIb - nepMaiiraiiaT KaJIHH. He3HagHTeJIbHaH no
KOJIHT1eCTBy ao6aBKa nepMaHraHaTa KaJIHH Aaiia CJIeAyiolu,He H3-
McHeHH51 BbIXOJja OCHOBHbIX npOAyKTOB rlHpOJIH3a:
flo, BJIHHHHeM ao6aBKH nepMaHraHaTa KaJIHH H3MeHHJIHCb Ka-
YeCTBeHHbIIi COCTaB ra30BOI3 4 a3bl H cneKaeMOCTb yrJi i. fIpH onpc-
AeJIeHHH cneKaeMOCTH yrim no McTOAy HI'H AH CCCP HCXOAHbIN
yroJlb HOKa3aJI 14,7 eAHHHUbI, npH JIo6aBKe 0,005% KMnO4 AO-
Mir 16 eAHHHu, a npH AaJIbHefHIeM yBeJIHHeHHH A06aBKH 9TOT n0-
Ka3aTeJIb pe3Ko naiiaJi H I1PHBOAHJI B KOHeT3HOM CTieTe K HOLITH noJl-
IiOI%I nOTepe cneKaeMOCTII.
,06aBKa K yrJJ}O {ppaKLWH aHTpaileflOBoro MaCJIa, KHHHIIjCN B
npeAeoax 350-380?, Jla.la CJIeAyioLUHe pe3yJlbTaTbT:
BbIXOA KOKCa, % . . . . . . . .
Bbixo CMOJIbI, % . . . . . .
BbixoA cbiporo 6eH3o.na, % . . . .
BbrxoA KoKCOBoro rasa, AlKe . . .
T4HCTbIII YrOJib
MaPKH F
Be mica ro6a6KIi (PpaKoiiii
aIITpaqeIoaoro Macna, %
71,0
6,73
1,56
315
71,9
9,3
1,57
276
72,0
9,6
1,58
246
3Ha'-IHTeJIbnO yBeJIHLIHJIOCb coaep}KaHHe BO)1OpojIa B ra3e
(c 55 Ao 63%) H CHH3HJIOCb co, epx{aHHe McTana (c 29 Ao 20%).
HCCJIeAOBaHHH noxa3aJIH, TITO A06aBKa K ?)paKIHH aHTpaueHo-
BOPO MaCJia BeCbMa He60JlbUIHX KOJIHT-IeCTB A1203, CaO, AiC13,
CaC12, COJIbI H ApyFHX BeLUeCTB no-pa3HOMy H3MeHHeT HOKa3aTeJiii
CHeKaeMOCTH H BbIXOA OCHOBHbIX npOAyKTOB nHpOJIH3a.
H3MeHeHHe CneKaeMOCTH yrim npH pa3JIH4HbIX Ao6aBKaX 3a-
BIICIIT TaKxKe OT npHpOAbI yr.IH: B 6oJIbHIei3 Mepe CneKaeMOCTb
yBeJIHT-IHBaeTCH y x{HpHbIX H KOKCOBbIX yriier3 (I-Ia 15-19 e,T uHHr)
H He3Ha'-IHTeJIbHO - y ra30BbIX (npHMepHO iia 2-3 CJjHHHLIbI).
3Aecb HBHO OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHI1e AenoJIHMepII3yioLuee AeiiCTBHe
4)paKUHH allTpaueHOBoro MacJla BO B'peMH Iiaxo}KieHHH yrJiSi B
nJI1CTHYeCKOM COCTOHHHH.
,To6aBKa McTaJIJIH4eCKOrO x{eJle3a K yrJIIO B npeAeJTax 10%
npaKTHTleCKH He CHHx{aeT cneKaeMOCTH; Ao6aBKa Aa)Ke He60JIb1IHX
KOJIHT1eCTB (1-3%) Fe304 CHHN{aeT cneKaeMOCTb Ha 4 e,rHHHUbI,
a Fe203 - Aax{e Ha 6 e,rHHL T. e. HOT1TH BABOe HpOTHB HCXOJIHOro.
1-1-pH Ao6aBKe K yr.Tiio 5% McTaJIJIHHeCKOro cBex{eBOCCTaHOBJIeH-
HorO 2{e.ie3a npH nHpoJln3e Ta30BbIAeJieHHe yB JIH4HJIOCb Ha 6%,
BbIXOA .CbIporo 6eH3ojIa - Ha 42, BbIXOA KOKCa - Ha 7, a BbIXOA
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CMOJIbI CHH3HJICH Ha 4,7%. FIpH Ao6aBKe Fe203 ra30BbIAeJIeHIIO
yBeJIHtIHJIOCb Ha 9 %, BbIXOA CMOJIbI - Ha 15, CbIpOrO 6eH3oJIa -
Ha 12 H KOKca - Ha 7 %. FIpH AO6aBKe Fe304 ra30BbIAeJIeHHe yBe-
..7HT-IHJIOCb Ha 1,8 %, BbIXOA CMOJIbI - Ha 14, cblporO 6eH3OJla -
Ha 16 H KOKca - Ha 9 %.
FIOJIyzIeHHble AaHHble CBHAeTeJIbCTByIOT 0 BJIHHHHH Ao6aBOK Ha
BbIXOA npOAyKTOB fHpOJIH3a H CBOIICTBa 3THX nPOAyKTOB. CTeneHb
BJIHSIHHH 3aBHCHT OT BOJIHOTbI KOHTaKTa ao6aBJISIeMbIX BeIUeCTB C
'-IaCTHuaMH yrJISI, HOABepralomHMHCx HHpOJIH3y, a TaK)Ke OT IIa-
npaBJIeHHH ra30BbIX HOTOKOB B HacbInHOH Macce yrJIH.
YKa3aHHble HccJIeAOBaHHH rOBOpSIT TaK}Ke 0 TOM, zITO, KPOIC
TeMnepaTypHOrO (paKTOPa H (paKTOpa COCTaBa m IIpHpOAbI yrJleii,
Ha npouecc HHPOJIH3a MO)KHO BJIHSITb C HOMOHI,bIO pa3JIH4HbIX Be-
u eCTB, KaTaJIHTHLIeCKoe aeACTBHe KOTOPbIX BIIOJIHe ogeBHAHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ORFICJIHTEJIbHAH )AECTPYKIUHH HCKOIIAEMbIX YFJIE1R
I{AI{ METO)j IIO3HAHRH HX CTPYKTYPbI
H KJIACCHcbHKAIIHH
T. A.Kyxapeaxo
(HncTUryr aoploKUx uc?onaeasbsx AH CCCP, Mocxea)
B ,rIpOBe2[eHHOM HocJIeAOBaHHH OCHOBHOe BHHMaHHe 6bIJIO o6pa-
LLjeHO Ha ryMHHOBble KHCJIOTbI KaK nepBbre npOJjyKTbl OKHCJIeHHH
KaMeHHbIX yrJieR, paCTBOpHMbre B HjeJIOtLHbIX paCTBOpHTeJIAX. HaH-
JjeHO, 4TO CKOpOCTb o6pa3OBaHHSi, a CJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO, H MaKCHMaJIb-
HbIii BbIXOJj ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT ri H OKHCJIeHHH onpe,2JeJIBIOTC5I
CTaL Heir McTaMopcJH3Ma yFJIH, OT KOTOpOr{ 3aBHCHT CTpyKTypa yrJIA
(yCJIOBHO - ero npoMbIInJIeHHaft MapKa). 06a nOKa3aTeJI5I HBJISr-
IOTCH HaH6oJIbIIIHMH Y HaHMeHee McTaMopcm30BaHHOrO KaMeHHoro
yrJiSI H nOHH)KaIOTCH B pHJjy McTaMop(pa3Ma. OLIHOBpeMeHHO C 06-
pa30BaHHeM ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT Y BbICOKOMeTaMOp()H30BaHHbIX
yr.reI3 OTMetieHO o6pa3oBaHHe B 3HagHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHLIeCTBaX BOJIO-
paCTBOpHMbIX H ra3o06pa3HbIX npOJIyKTOB, CBHJ1eTeJIbCTByK)IUHX
O 3HagHTeJIbHOM pacnajje HX opraHH4ecxoro BeujeCTBa. HeTporpa-
(pH'teCKHH COCTaB OKa3bIBaeT 60JIbuJOe BJIHSIHHe Ha BbIXOJL ryMHHO-
BbIX KHCJIOT H CKOpOCTb HX o6pa3oBaHHr, no9TOMy nccJIeaOBaHHH
npOBOJIHJIHCb Ha BHTpeHOBbIX yrJISIX.
CBOIICTBa o6pa3oBaBIHHXCH HpH OKHCJIeHHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT
TaK}Ke OnpejjeJJ5IIOTCSI CTpyKTypOri yrJISI (ero MapKON). HanpHMep,
OHTHUeCKaR nJIOTHOCTb LLjeJIOIqHbIX paCTBOpOB, paccMaTpHBaeMaH
KaK nOKa3aTeJIb CTeneHH KOHJIeHCHpOBaHHOCTH apoMaTHtieCKHX
5TJjep, oxa3brBaeTcx 6oJiee HH3KOIi Y HaHMeHee McTaMOp(q)H30BaH-
Horo yrJIH H JjaJIee nOBbuuaeTCH HPH nepexoz e K 6o.Iee McTaMop-
4)H30BaHHbIM o6pa3IjaM. fopor KoaryJIHLIHH ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT
B 9THX )Ke paCTBOpaX, pacCMaTpHBaeMbIH KaK nOKa3aTCJIb gHcnep-
CHOCTH, HMeeT o6paTHyto 3aBHCHMOCTb H yMeHbmnaeTCH HpH nepe-
xoJje K 6o nee McTaMop(i)H3oBaHHbIM 06pa3IjaM.
npe;IBaplTeJIbHOe OYeHb c.ia6oe OKHCJIeHHe yr ieir pe3KO yBe-
JiHgHBaei CKOpOCTb o6pa3oBaHH51 H BbIXO, ryMHHOBbIX KHCJIOT HpH
OKHCJIeHHH yrJlei nepeKHCbro BOJjOpoJla, HO CBOYICTBa ryMHHOBbIX
KHCJIOT OCTa1OTCSI XapaKTepHbIMH JjJIS1 yrJieci KaxcJ of MapKH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Pa3JIHLIHe B CTpyKType KaMeHHbIX yrJlef npOSIBJIHeTCS1 npH CJia-
6oil NX rHAporeHN3auHH, KorAa HH3KOMeTaMop(IH3oBaHHbie yrJIH
06pa3yIOT npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypaX 3HagHTeJIbHOe KOJIHLIeCTBO
BOAo9KCTparHpyeMblX Beluec-rB 6e3 ra3006pa3OBaHHH; AJIB 3TOTO we
y BbICOKOMeTaMopq)H3oBaHHbIX yrJief Tpe6yeTCH 6oJiee BbICOKaH
TeMnepaTypa H Ha6JIioAaeTC51 3HagHTeJIbHOe ra3006pa3OBaHHe.
To we Ha6JHoAaeTCSI npH rH,i[poJIH3e KaMeHHbIX yrJiei B MSirKH}G
yCJIOBHSIX: KOJIHLIeCTBO o6pa3OBaBLHHxcH ryMNHOBbIX KHCJIOT -
HaH6oJlee BbICOKOe Y HH3KOMeTaMOp(IH3OBaHHbIX yrJleI3 H nOHH-
}KaeTCSi B pSIAy McTaMOp(MH3Ma, npH 3TOM HX CBOHCTBa OCTaIOTCB
XapaKTepHbIMN AJISI yFJISI.
9TH pa3JINLIH51 B CBOHCTBaX HH3KO- H BbICOKOMeTaMOp4jH3oBaH-
HbIX yr ieid HaXOASIT O6,bHCHeHHe B N3yLieHHH POJIH KHCJIOpQILB B
CTPOeHHH HX MOJIeKyJIbl. B COCTaB HH3KOMeTaMOp(mH3oBaHHbIX
yrJiei BXOASIT rHApoJIH3yeMble CB51311. B npouecce yrJleo6pa3oBa-
HH51 npOHCXOAHT He TOJIbKO 3aKOHOMepHoe yBeJIHtieHHe KOHAeHCH-
pOBaHHOCTH apoMaTHLieCKHX SiAep H NX OTHOCHTeJIbHorO KOJINLIe-
CTBa, HO H yMeHbiueHHe coAep}KaHHH rHApOJIH3yeMbIx CB5I3eH.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ApyrHMH McTgr[aMH OHa 3aTpyJjHHTeJIbHa. aJISI 3TOII ueJIH B 6ypbix
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O HPOT14BOPEIIHHX B TOJIKOBAHHH YCJIOBHI1
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
g4eHHbie npOAyKTbI H3 TOp(#)a H yriisl MapKH U AaBa.nH nopoulKO-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
31 npH pa3AeJieHHH JII06bIX nojnHMepOB. 3TH (ppaKuHH r103BOJISI10T
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOME AAHHbIE
0 CTPYKTYPE BbICOKOMOJIEICYJIFIPHbIX
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
.ayloluHe BbIBOAbI 0 CTpOeHHH BbICOKOMOJIeKyJIlpHbIX yr.neBoAopo-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CepHHCTble COeJ(HHeHHSI KOHIjeHTpHpyIOTCH BMeCTe c apoMaTH-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HAY'IHME OCHOBbI CHHTE3A AJIHI-IJI-
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a iTHKOpP03'HfIHbie GBOI3CTBa; OHH npe2LomBpaIgaIOT TaK)Ke JIaKOO6-
pa3oBaHHe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B pe3yJlbTaTe 06061ueHHSI AaHHbIX 60JIbIHOFO 3KCnepHMeHTaJIb-
HOPO MaTepHaJia BbISIBHJIaCb BO3MO)KHOCTb CHHTe3a npHcaAOK C
3aAaIIHbIMH CBOIICTBaMH H 3aJIO]KeHbI HaygHble OCHOBbI CHHTe3a
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MbIInJIeHHOCTH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AEFIAPOFEHI43AIRHfI IIEHTAMETHJIEHOBMIX
YFJIEBOROPOAOB B IIPI?ICYTCTBHH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
poAbl o6Hapyx{HBaIOT CKJIOHHOCTb K Aern4poreHH3auHH. Tax, npli
600 H 20 AM Ha 5%-HOM Pt-yrne npoxcxoAHT OTnjeniiellne BOAO-
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ITOMHMO IUHKJIOneHTaAHeHa, UHKJIOneHTeH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 IIPHPOAE CEPA-
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4HTeJIbHO TpeTHTIHbIMII ()opMaMH, a Hec1TpaJIbHbIIi - aMH1 amH
KHCJ'IOT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
B AHCTHJIJIHTaX, noJlyqaeMblx H3 ApyrHX roplogHx HcxonaeMbix,
KaK CpeAH OCHOBaHHl3, TaK H cpeAH aMHROB KHCJIOT npHCyTCTByIOT
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)KeHH1i, rAe HX HajIHgHe, nO-BHAHMOMy, CBSI3aH0 C coBpeMeHHhIMFI
614OXHMHgeCKHMH npespau eHHSIMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A3OTHCTbIE COEAIIHEH1II
IO?KHOY3BERHCTAHCRHX HE DTEII
c. .n. rycHHcxax
(CpeOue-A3uarchuu eocy@apcreeuubau yuueepcuTer u.nc. B. H..Ileuuna,
Tautiteur)
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
AeJIbHbIX (JpaKIHI3 fOJiy'IeHbI HHKpaTbI. B pe3yJIbTaTe Rpo6HOIi
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIII CIIOCOB IiOHBEPCHH YFJIEBOAOPOAOB
C IIPHMEHEHHEM WEJIE3A
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HaH'6anee HH3KyIO CTOHMOCTb HMeIOT TeXHojlor} 4eCKHe ra3bl,
noaly4aeMbie pa3JIHLIHbIMH CnoCo6aMH KOHBepCHH yrJleBOAOpoAOB.
Ba}KHecIIIHMH cnoco6aMH KOHBepcHH yrJIeBOAopOAOB 1BJIIKOTCH:
KOHBepcHS B npHCyTCTBHH BOAHHoro napa, OKHCJIHTeJlbHas KOHBep-
CHH C nOMOIubIO KHCJIOpo La HJIH O6OraUIeHHOrO 'B03Ayxa H KOM6H-
HHpOBaHH I KeJle30-napoBoro McTOAa.
B JIeHHI4l'I pa3pa6oTaH HOBbII' Cnoco6 KOHBepCHH yrJ1eBoAo-
POAOB, n03BOJIH1onnjI fOJIy4HTb Cpa3y TeXHHiieCKH LIHCTbII3 BO,Uo-
pOA, OAH?OBpeMeHHO C CHHTe3-ra3OM H CMecbio CO2 H N2. 3TOT
npouecc ocyul,eCTBJISIeTCH Ha KaTaJIH3aTope, COAep3KalueM 3KeJIe3o
(15-50%), B Tpex peaKTopax, npHqeM B OAHOM HAeT pa3orpeB
KaTa.IH3aropa, BO BTOpOM - BOCCTaHOBJIeFHe, a B TpeTbeM -
oKHcJieHme x{eJle3a.
IIpH pa3orpeBe BbIropaeT 4acTb yr.iepoAa, BbbAeJISnojuerOCH Ha
nosepxxocTH KaTaJIH3aTOpa npH BOCCTaHOBJJeHHH )KeJ1e3a yrJie-
BoAopoAaMH, npH 3TOM o6pa3yeTcx CMeCb CO2 H N2 (ra3bI pere-
HepauHH). npH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH o6pa3yeTCH CMeCb BOAopoaa,
OKHCH yrJIepo.a H yrJieKHCJIOTbI, T. e. CHHTe3-ra3, a npH OKHCJIeHHH
xcene3a BOA1H MM napoM o6pa3yeTcx BoAopoA.
rlpouecc KOHBepCHH yrJleBOaOPOAoB no McTOgy IeHHHH ocy-
LueCTBJIHeTc5I rJIaBHbIM 06pa3OM no AByM pe3yJIbTHpy1oIuHM peaK-
uHHM, a HMeHHO:
CnH,n + (n + x) FeO' (n + x) Fe -f. 0,5mH2 +
+ (n - x) CO; XCO2 - Q4 (4)
H
(n + x) Fe + (n + x) H2O Z (n + x) FeO + (n + x) H2 + Q5. (5)
CpaBHHBax ypaBHeHHe (1) H ypaBHeHHH (4) H (5), nplxoAHM
K BbIBOAy, XITO npouecc JIeHHHI4 IBJI IeTCH, no cyiuecTBy, npouec-
COM }KeJIe3o-BOA5IHOI-I KOHBepcHH, B KOTOpOM }KeJIe3O HBJISIeTCSI nepe-
HOCLIHKOM KHCJIOpoaa, 3aHMCTBOBaHHoro H3 BOAbI B CTaAHH OKHC-
JIeHHH.
ECJIH HCKJIIO4HT'b 3Keae30 H3 ypaBHeHHI3' (4) H (5), TO MbI n0-
JIyLIHM ypaBHeHHe (1), a 3T0 03HatiaeT, qTo Hp1
H 4HCTO BOAHHOII KOHBepCHH TeopeTHtIeCKH BCe nOKa3aTeJIH AOJI]K-
HbI 6bITb OAHHaKOBbIMH, C TOA JIHIIIb pa3HHue]?3, VTO B O6bIHHOM
c iyxiae BCe npOAyKTbI peaKLHH HaXOASITCH B CMeCH, TorAa KaK HpH
KOHBepcHH C HCno.ib3oBaHHeM 3KeJie3a (n + x) H2 HaXOAHTCSI B
qHCTOM BHAe H JIHIUb (0,5 m) H2 - B cMecH c CO H C02-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
B 3TOM - npeHMylueCTBO HOBOro npouecca KOHBepcHH, n03BO-
.nHIoLuee OJLHOBpeMeHHO nOJ1yTn1Tb TeXHHt1eCKH 1 HCTbIii BOJLOPOJ[ H
cHHTe3-ra3.
YqHTbIBaH, tITO npH pa3orpese KaTaJIH3aTOpa }Ke.ie30 OKHCJISIeT-
CH 3a c eT KIICJIOpOJja B03Ayxa, paCXOA BOJL 1HOrO napa Ha ra3II-
q)HKauHK) yrJiepoAa MO]KHO cym CTBeHHO COKpaTHTb HMeHHO 611a-
roAap5i npHMeneHHIO 3Ke.lie3a KaK nepexoctIHKa KHCJIOpo.i[a.
fIocJleAyloluxe TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHgeCKHe pacgeTbI HOKa3aJIH
BbICOKY10 3KOHOMH4HOCTb HoBoro cnoco6a KOHBePCHH yrJreBOAOpo--
AOB B CpaBHeHHH CO BCeMH CyH(eCTByIOIUHMH.
9KCnepHMeHTa.IbHaH pa60Ta npOBoaHJIaCb COBMeCTHO C
A. A. BBeAeHCKHM, B. H. CeAOaoli, H. T. KHpHKHHOf4, A. fI. XHT-
pOBbIM H M. H. SIKYIHKHHbIM. LlpOeKTHa{ H TexHHKO-3KOHOMHtie-
CKaH npOpa6OTKa BbIHOJIH5J1aCb COBMecTHO C B. A. KOTOBOii H
B. H. JIIO6oMHpOBOfI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MACC-CIIEKTPOMETPHgECIIH1a METOJX
OIIPEAEJIEHHH CTPYRTYPHO-rPYIIIIOBOro COCTABA
BEH3ITHOB
A. A. Homaicona, K. H. 3HMHHa, P. A. XMeabHHgxx*
(Rcec. nayuno-ucc.zeaoeare4bcKU17 uncruryr no nepepa6orre ueg5ru u aaaa
u noAyuenuio ucKyccreennozo icuOKOao ron.'euea, Mocnea)
Macc-CneKTpoMeTpHTIeCKHI-i McTOA r103BOJIsieT ,gOCTaTOLIHO
6bICTPO H Ha,Ile}Kuo onpeAeJlsTb CTpyKTYpHo-rpynnOBOIi cocTaB
He(fTenpOAyKTOB, a TaK}Ke yCTaHaBJIHBaTb pacnpe,geJleHHe no MO-
..neKYJISIpHbIM BecaM napa()HHOBbIX H apOMaTHqeCKHX yrJleBoAOpo-
AOB. B 6eH3HHax MoxceT 6bITb yCTaHOBJIeHO HajImIHe cJIeAyioIL Hx
rpyan yrJleBoAopoAoB: napaq)HHOBbie yr.neBoAopoAbI CnH2n+2;
Ha(4TeHOBble H oJIe 4JHHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbl CH211; wHKJioo.ne-
cJ)HHOBble, AHo.ne(JnHOBble H aueTHJIeHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbl
C?H2n-2; apoiaTHgecKHe yr.nesoAQpoAbI CnH2n_6.
HapslAy C yKa3aHHbIMH rpynnaMH MOryT 6bITb onpeAeJleHbI OT-
;(eJlbHble THnbI CTPYKTYp yrJleso)jopoAOB, HanpHMep 6HUHKJIHT3e-
CKHe Ha(cTeHbI THna AeKaJIHHa HJIH rHApHHAaHa.
Macc-cneKTpoMeTpHgeCKHl3 McTOA onpe.neJieHHSi rpynnoBOro
COCTaBa He#SIHbIX (ppaKUlni OCHOBaH Ha 3aBHCHMOCTH Macc-CneKT-
pa OT CTPYKTYpbI MOJIeKyJlbl. B npouecce HOHII3aUHH, BbI3blBaeMofi
9JIeKTPOHHbIM yAapoM, AJIH Kax{Aoro THna MOJI?KyJlbl xapalcrepxo
npeHMyHjeCTBeHHoe o6pa3oBaxxe onpeAeJIeHHb1X rOMOJIOrHqeCKHX
PxAOB HOHOB. TaK, AJIH napa(l)HHOBbIX yrneBOAOpouoB xapaKTenHO
o6pa3osaHHe HOHOB e - In = 43, 57, 71, 85, 99 (E 43); Hoibi, no-
5IBJIHK)IuHeCSI npH e = 41, 55, 69, 83, 97 (E 41), CCCTO$T B
OCHOBHOM H3 OCKOJIKOB MOJIeKYJI Ha(I.TeHOBbIX H OJIe4)HHOBbIX
yrJIeBOAOpoAOB. aim apoMaTHtlecKHx yrJleBOaOpoAOB xapaKTep-
Hbi Maceba m = 77, 78, 79, 91, 92, 105, 106, 119, 120 H Ap.
(E 77).
CyMMbI BbICOT HHKOB, XapaKTepHbIX AJIH AaHHOrO THna yrJie-
BOAOpOAOB, OTHeceHHble K onpeAeJIeHHOIi CyMMe BbICOT ApyrHX
nHKOB, pe3KO oTJIH4a1OTCH Apyr OT Apyra AJIH pa3JIHqHbIX yrne-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BO2LOpO.I HbIX rpynn. 4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb TaKOTO CyMMapHOrO XapaK-
TepHCTHTIeCKOI'O nHKa IIp5IMO npOIHOpl[IHIOHaJIbHa MOJIeKyJIHpHOMy
Becy. 9TH J>;Ba CBOcICTBa n03BOJIHIOT C4HTaTb CJIO>KHble CMeCH aHa-
.nOrHLIHbIMH CMec IM, COCTO5II1HM H3 HeCKOJIbKHX KOMHOHeHTOB, FI
onpe,LeJI ITb rpynnoBOi3 COMB cMecei nyTeM COBMeCTHOro peuie-
HHH CHCTeMbI JIHHeIIHbIX ypaBHeHHl3.
HaMH 6MIJIa pa3pa6oTana McTO,ILHKa Macc-CnexTpoMeTpHtle-
CKOrO HccJIeaOBaHHH 6eH3HHOB, noJly1aeMbIx B pa3JIH'IHbIx npo-
ueccax nepepa60TKH HecpTH, C BbICOKHM Co.ILep}KaHHeM HenpejleJlb-
HbWX yrJIeso,ILOpoj[oB. COOTBeTCTByIOIuHe McToj[HKH, OHHcaHHble
HeCKOJibKO panee B 3apy6e}KHOIi JIHTepaType, OTHOCHJIHCb JIH6o
K rIPOAyKTaM, He Coj[ep}KaLLHM HenpejjeJlbxbIx yrJleBO1LOpOJLOB,
JIH60 COJLep}KanLHM HX B He3HatHITeJIbHOM KOJIH4eCTBe. Mexc,ay
TeM cogep}KaHHe B 6eH3HHaX BTOpHeIHOrO npOHCXO}KAeHHH Henpe-
,ILeJlbHbIX yrJleBO OPo1LOB pa3JIHLIHbIX THIIOB H pa3JIHnIHOI3 CTeneHLI
HeHaCbIHLeHHOCTH O6yCJIOBJIHBaeT HeKOTOpble cneuncpHgecKHe oco-
6eHHOCTH McTo,L a. HapHJ y C 3THM Ony6JIHKOBaHHble B JIHTepaType
McTOJLbI npeaycMaTPHBaIOT Heo6xo iiMOCTb KaJIH6pOBKH Macc-
CneKTpOMeTpa no HHAHBHJ[yaJlbHbIM KOMHOHeHTaM. OTCyTCTBHe
J[OCTaTOLIHOro KOJIHLIeCTBa IIHCTbIX yrJIeBO.r opO.LOB npensiTCTBOBaJlo
HCHOJIb3OBaHHIO 9THX McTOAOB.
LJIA Toro IITO6bI HCKJIIOTIHTb He06xoaHMOCTb Ka.IH6pOBKH npu-
6opa no LIHCTbIM KOMnoHeHTaM, 6bIJIH yCTaHOBJIeHbI HaH6onee o6-
igHe Macc-CneKTpaJIbHble xapaKTepHCTHKH yrJIeBOJLOPOaHbIX rpynn,
He 3aBHCHLLLHe OT KOHCTpyKTHBHbIX oCO6eHHOCTeIi npH6opa, rITO
nO3BOJIHJIO HPOBOJ[HTb HCCJIeROBaHHe, HCHOJIb3y$I r aHHble no Macc-
CneKTpaM, ony6JIHKOBaHHble B JIHTepaType.
Pa3pa6oTaHHaH McTO)LHKa arajIn3a 3aKJuo iaeTCSi B c.ne,ylo-
LueM: onpej[eafflOT cpeAHHI3 MOJIeKyJIHpHbIII Bec o6pa3ua; qaCTb
o6pa3ua CyJlb(pHPyIOT, noc ie LIero npOH3BO,L 5IT CbeMKy Macc-CneKT-
POB CyJlbcpHpOBaHHOro H HeCyJIb(JHPOBaHHoro npo,uyKTOB; pacctni-
CoAepxcasxe yrnesoAopOAswx rpynn,
sec. %
MacC-CIIeKTpOMeT-
pH4eCKIIhI McTOA
xHMK4ecKHI
McTOA
flapa4MHoable yrneBOAOpoAbl. . . . . . .
19,6
17,2
HalxreHOBbie yrneBOAopOAbl . . . . . .
7,4
3,8
MoHOOnecpHHOBble yr.neBoAopo)tbI
38,6
37,6
f_(HKnoonecpHHOBble, AHOJIe4IHHOBble H aI1 TH-
.neHOBbie yrneBoAopoAbl . . . . . . .
17,4
21,7
ApOMaTHllecxxe yrneaoAopoAbl . ? . . ? .
17,0
19,7
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TbIBaIOT CTpyKTYpHO-rpynnOBOI3 COCTaB no Macc-cneKTpaM. BpeM 1,
3aTpa'IHBaeMOe Ha no4rOTOBKy o5pa3IjOB, aHaJIH3 H pac4IeT, CO-
cTaBJIHJIO 21/2-3 qaca.
B KaqecTBe npHMepa npHBe.IeHbI pe3yJlbTaTbI Macc-cneKTpO-
McTpHqecKOTO HccJIe OBaHHSI 6eH3HHOB KOKCOBaHHH B COnOCTaB-
JIeHHH C f aHHbIMH XHMHgeCKoro aHaJIH3a.
npHBel{eHHble BeJIH4HHbl YKa3bIBaIOT Ha BIIOJIHe yj[OBJIeTBOpH-
TeJIbHOe COBnaAeHne pe3yJlbTaTOB, onpeAeJleHHbIX pa3JIH14HbIMII
McToJ aMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HPEBPAII(EHHJI YrJIEBOAOPOAOB
HA PEHHf-rJIHHO3EMHOM ICATAJIH3ATOPE
B YCJIOBHSIX HOBbIHIEHHbIX TEMHEPATYP
H AA.BJIEHHH BOAOPOAA
M.A.PameHAeBa, X.M.MHHaveB
(HMCTUT7,T op a!tu'leckoa xuuuu
um. H. ,7. 3e iuucicoeo All CCCP, Mocicea)
PeHHIi 6bIJl OTKPbIT B 1925 r. B HacTOSII.uee BpeMH XHMHSI pe-
IiHH noJly4HJIa 3Ha4HTeJIbHOe pa3BHTHe H npej(cTaadIHeT CynieCT-
BeHHbIli npaKTH4eCKHIi HHTepec.
I'IccJIeAOBaHHSI, HOCBSIII[eHHble H3y4eHHI0 KaTaJIHTH4eCKHX
CBOHCTB peHHSI, BeCbMa HeMHOI'o4HCJIeHHbI. HMeeTCH JIHHIb He-
CKOJIbKO pa60T 1-1JIaTOHOBa C COTpyjLHHKaMH no
AerHj(poreHH3auHIi
CHHPTOB Ha peHHeBOM KaTaJIH3aTope.
A. A. BaJIaHAHH Ha OCHOBaHHH HPHHUHna CTPyKTypHOFO COOT-
BeTCTBHH MyJIbTHHJIeTHO1 TeopHH, npeAJI04KeHHOIi HM B 1929 r.,
Bnepabie BbICKa3aJI npeAnoJIo)KeHHe 0 B03MO)KHOCTH aerH2 poreHH-
3auHH IneCTH4JIeHHbIX WIKJIaHOB no CeKCTeTHOMy McXaHH3My Ha
peHHH, TaK KaK nOCJIeAHH13 o6Jla, aeT reKcarOHaJIbHOA peIIIeTKOIi,
HeuaBHo A. A. BaJIaHAHHbIM C COTPyj(HHKaMH BeCbMa nOj[po6-
HO 6bIJIH O6cJIeAOBaHbI KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe CBOIICTBa peHHH B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT cnoco6a npHrOTOBJIeHHSI peHHeBbIX KaTaJIH3aTOPOB H OT
XHMH4ecKOIi nPHPOAbI HocHTe.IIef, HPHMeHeHHbIX npH HaHeCeHHH
3TOP0 McTaJIJIa. Ha npHrOTOBJIeHHbIX KaTaJIH3aTOpaX HccJIeaOBa-
JIaCb aerHAporeHH3auHH uHKJlorexcaHa, H3OnpOfHJ16eH3oJIa H
H. renTaHa. IIpH 3TOM 6bIJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO, 4TO HaH6oJIee aKTHBHbIM
KaTaJIH3aTOPOM AerH,11poreHH3a1HH HBJIHeTCSI peHHI1 Ha aKTHBHPO-
BaHHOM yrJle. KaTaJIH3aTOp, coAepxcamHli 25% peHI3a Ha OKHCH
amOMHHHSI, B peaKUHH jjerHj(poreHH3aIZHH I[HKJIoreK?CaHa OKa3aJIC5i
npaKTH4eCKH HeaKTHBHbIM.
HaMH 6bIJIH HCCJIeAOBaHbI KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe CBOI1CTBa peHHH,
OTJIO)KeHHOrO Ha OKHCH aJIIOMHHHH, B YCJIOBHIX nOBbIIHeHHbIX TeM-
nepaTyp (470-480?) H aaBJIeHHSI BCAopoAa (20 aThl) B ycTaHOB-
xe IIpOTO'HOrO THna. 06'beKTaMH HccJIeAOBaHHH 6bIJIH IjHKJlorex-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
caH, McTHJIUHKJIOHeHTaH H H.reKCaH. npeJjBapHTeJIbHble OHbITbt
HOKa3aJIH, TTO peHHli Ha OKHCH aJIIOMHHHH SIBJIHeTC$I XOPOUIHM
Z(erH,gpHpyloujHM KaTaJIH3aTopoM. B pe3yJlbTaTe J(erHJZporeHH3a-
uHH IjxxJIOrexcaxa yJ aeTCH HOJIytIHTb 60Jiee 50% 6eH3oJIa.
BbIJIH T3K}Ke OupeaeJIeHbI yILeJlbHaSI HOBepXHOCTb H peHTreHO-
cTpyKTypa HCCJIeJ[OBaHHbIX KaTaJIH3aTOpoB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ROHTAETHO-RATAJIITHiIECI HE HPEBPAHWEHI4}I
HOPMAJIbHbIX AJIIiAHOB,
BXOAJIMHX B REPOCHHO-rA3OIIJIEBYIO (DPARAHIO
HE(DTH
H. r. BeRaypH, H. H. HIyiKHH
(Iiucruryr. opsauu'cecxou xu uu u.i. H. A. 3eauucicoso AH CCCP, Mocxea;
Hucruryr xul6uu um. H. I'. Meau,uuceuau AH Ppy3CCP)
KepocaHo-ra3o1 .ileBasI 4 paKAH5I Hec1ITH C TeMnepaTypoli 'KHne-
HHH 190-350? B OCHOBHOM HIBJISIeTCH AH3eJlbHbIM H peaXTHBHbIM
TOIIJIHBOM, B COCTaB KOTOpOro BXOAHT no 35% HOp'MaJIbHbIX aJIKa-
H?OB COMM CIIH24 - C20H42, npHCYTCTBHe KOTOpbIX yxy.uiaeT
MOTOpHble CBOI1CTBa TORJIHBa BCJIe,IZCTBHe BbICOKOfi TeMnepaTypbl 3a-
CTbIBaHHH. 1-103TOMy 06bIIlHO 'npoH3BOA5IT ee AenapacJH'HH3a,IjHio
06pa6OTKOIi MoqeBHHOii HJIH BbIMopa)KHBaHHeM.
L[eJIbIO Hacroslujex pa60TbI 6bIJIH H3yleHHe yCJIOBHIi H3OMepI1-
3aIjHH HH.IjHBHAyaJIbHbIX HOpMaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB, BXOAAIILHX B J1aH-
HYIO (ppaKIuHK), H noJiyqeHHe 60JIee BbIrOAHbIX CTPYKTYPHbIX ()OPM
yrJIeBOAOpoJjOB, y.Iy'IIIIaIOli HX xaYecTBo ropmero.
OnbITbI npOB'OAHJIHCb npH fnOBbIIneHHbIX TeM,nepaTypax H JiaBJIe-
HHHX BOAop'OAa B IIpHCyTCTBHH OKHCHOMeTaJIJIHtIeCKHX KaTaJIH3aTO-
pOB B annapaTe npOTOLIHo'r0 THna. IIpH 3TOM, 'KaK 6bIJIO yCTaHOB-
JIe?HO COBeTCKH'MH H HHOCTpaHHbIMiH aBTOpaMH, AaBJieHHe BOAopoJ[a
3Ha,qHTeJIbHO fOBbILlaeT yCTOIiqHBOCTb BTHX KaTaJIH3aTOpOB np'H AO-
BOJIbHO BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax H n03BOJISIeT OCymeCTBHTb H ()HK-
CHpOBaTb rJIy6OKHe H pa3'H'oo6pa3Hble inpespauLexxx yrJIeBo'AOpo-
AOB.
B 3TOM HanpaBJIeH,HH 6bIJIH HCCJIeAOBaHbI npeBpaujexnx HOp-
MaJIbHbIX yHAeKaHa, JjO,L eKaHa, TpHAeKaHa, TeTpaAeKa'Ha, neHTa-
AeKaHa H reKCaAeKaHa B npHCYTCTBHH 0,5% Pt H 0,5% Pd, HaHe-
ceH'HbIX Ha OKHCb aJIK)MHHHA H ryM6pHH. B Tex }Ke yCJIOBHSIX 6biJlo
H3y,IeHO BJIHHHHe npHpOAHOr0 H aKTHBHpOBaHHO'ro ryM6pHHa Ha
CTeneHb npeBpaujeHHSI 'HOpMaJIbHOrO reKcaAeKaHa. C 'IjeJIblO noAaB-
JIeHHH arpecdHBHOro AeACTBHB ryM6pnna o'nbiTbl rIpo3'0JjHJIHCb B
npHCCYTCTBHH XJIOpHCTOrO IIjHHKa (20%), HaHeCeHHoro Ha aKTHBIi-
POB HHbHIa ryM6pHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
YCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO OHTHMaJ1I Hbre yCJIOBI1H npeBpaIItexxx MOp-
MaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB C o6'pa30BaHHeM H30(,OpM H rip-OJjyKTOB gaCTHiI-
HOIO rHApoKpeKHHra CJIeLyIou He: TeMTTepaTypa 450?, aaBjieHHe
30 aTM BO.L opoJ a, MOJISIPHOe OTHOTITeHHe BOAOPOIIa K yrJleBO1W O-
Ay 3: 1 H O6'beMHax CKOPOCTb HporlyCKaHHH yrJleBOAOpoAa 0,5
./lcac Ha 1 A 'KaTaJIFI3aTopa.
fIOKa3aH-o, WO upespaHzeHH5 H,opMaJlbHoro rexcaAexaxa BB yxa-
3a,HHbIX YCJIOBHBX 'B 'KOHTaKTe c HPHPOAHbIM H a'KTHBHpOBaH'HbIM
ryM6pHHOM BeCbMa CXOAHbI, TOPAa KaK 1(e1CTBHe aKTHBHpOBaHHOrO
ryM6pHHa, HpOHHTaHHoro paCTBOpOM XJIOpHCTOro IIHHKa (20%),
pe3'KO OTJIHqaeTC5 OT arpecCHBHOPO AeI1CTB'HH TLIHC'POTO 'Iym6pIIHa;
B '3TOM CJIygae HpH6JIH3HTeJIhH0 B TPH pa3a yMeHbinaeTCSI o6pa3o-
BaHHe ra30B rH1IPOKpe'KHHra H 3aMeTHO yBeJIHgHBaeTCSI BbIXOa
{paKIIHH, BbIKHHaIOII[eH Ao 100? H COCTOSIII.Ief B OCHOBHOM H3 H30-
Mep'Hblx aJIKaHOB.
FIpH (KaTaJIH3e HopMaJlbHbIX yiL eKaHa, AO)IeKaHa, TpHAeKaHa,
TeTpaAeKaHa, rleHTaAeKa,Ha If reKcaAeKaHa B HpHCyTCTBHH 0,5% Pt
H 0,5% Pd, HaHeCeHHbIX Ha 'OKHCb aJHOMHHHSI H 'Ha ryM6pHH, IIpOHC-
X'OAHT HpespallleHHH, BeAymHe :K CyMeCTBeHHOMy yJTyliWeHHIO MO-
TOpHbIX CBOiiCTB o6pa3yIOIIIHXCA HpOAYKTOB H3OMepH3aIIH'H H tia-
CTINHOII apoMaTH3aLu{H; 3TO yJIyzIIIIeHHe ?Bbrpa}KaeTCH rJIaBHbIM o6-
pa30M B YBeJTHqeHHH TefJIOTBOpHOId CHOCO6HOCTH OT 80 Ao
300 KKaA/Ice H B CHH}KeHHH TeMHepaTypbI 3aCTbIBaHHH Ha 16-48,5?.
B HaCTOHIIIee BpeMSI 3Ta pa60Ta HaMH TIpoJOJnKaeTcsI C gpyriT-
MH HOpMaJIbHbIMH aJIKaHaMH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
IIOJIY=IEHHE AHHOHH16IX IIOBEPXHOCTHO-AI{THBHbIX
BEIRECTB H3 HE(DTI, HEOTJIHbIX, BYPOYFOJIbHbIX,
CJIAHIJEBbIX ICI TOP D}IHbIX A1CTHJIJIfITOB
M. A. reiMaa, A. A. Jlapan
(HuCTuTgr xegTu AH CCCP, Mocxea)
34x eKTHBHOCTb MHOIIHX TCXHOJIOrHtieCKHX I1pO11,e000B A06bI'XIH
He4YrH H no1(rOTOB'KH ee K inepepa6OTKe, H3BJIetIeHHSi IMeTaJIJIOB H3
pyA, pa4 aHai uH Me,AH, Ao6bItIH 4)OCipaTOB, H3POTOBJIeHHH MOIOMHX,
gHCTSIIII;HX H iHHrH6H'pyfolgHx cpeAcTB, BJIaCTH4M1KaTOpOB H CMatIH-
BaTeneK B CTpOHTeJIbCTBe - Bee 3TO 3aBHCHT B OOHOBHOM OT KaTIe-
CTBa H aCCOPTHMeHTa nOBepXHOCTHo-aKTHBHbIX Bea eCTB, KOTOpble
MO}KHO JDOJIyqaTb llpoMbIUlJIel{HbIIM nyTeM. MactoBOcTb noTpe6Jie-
HHIi nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX BeuIeCTB Tpe6yeT HIHPOKOIt H AOCTyn-
HOFI cbipbeBOI3 6a3bi AJISi Hx nOJlytieHHH H npoc'ro geIIIeBOf TeXHO-
JIOPHH H3rOTOBJIeHHSI.
HCTOtIHHKOM nonyuexui noBepxHocTHo-aKTHBHbIX ?BeuAeCTB B
CaMOM 'InHpOKOM AHana3oHe cJieAyeT ctIHTaTb aKTHBHble ('noJiflp-
Hble) Hecf TH, Ha.npHMep nOAKHpMaKH-HCKyIO (Baxy, JTeHHHHe4)Tb),
KpaCHOKaMCKYIO H a3JIaHCKY1O (yrJIeHOCHaSI CBHTa), necpTHHbie npH-
MoreHHbie H KaTaJIHTHgecmHe AHCTHJIJI$ITbI C AOCTaTOTiHO BbICOKHM
coAep}KaHHeM apOMaTHKH (!KCpoCIPH, TOBapabift ra3ofJlb, JierKIlli ra-
3oiiJ1b, KaTaJIHTHtieCKaSi 4pJlerMa), a Taio a AerTH H HX AHCTHJIJIHTbI,
no.nytiaeMbie n'pH TepMHtieCKoii nepepa6oTKe cJi,ainleB,,6ypbix yrneii
H Top#, coAepaKau He ap-OMaTHwIecxHe yrrIeBoAopoAbI, a TaK}Ke tie-
KOTOpble cepHWTble coeAHHeHHSI gIfiKJIHtiIeCT{OrO CTp.OeHHH.
CHHTe3HpOBa.Hbi, HccJIeAOBa'HbI H BHeApeHb2 B ,Ii'poMbunJIel-IHocTb
Beu1eCTBa THna aC-PAC (AeTepreHT CoBeTCKHH - pai(pHHHpOBaH-
Hbie aJr'KHJIapHJICyJIb(loHaTbI). OHH gBJIgIOTC51 BoJOpaCTB'OpnMbIMH
noBePXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIM'H Beu);ecTBaMH aHHOHHOPO THna, o6JiaAaio-
III;HMH MOIOIIZHMH, CM?atIHBa}o11 HMH H iHHrH6HpyIOIIWMH cBOIiCTBaMH.
3TH CBOrICTBa onpeAeJIHIOTcx opraHHtiecKoH MacTbIO, 3aBHcHu of OT
COCTaBa HCXOAHOPO CbIpbH H McTOAa ero nepepa6OTKH, a TaKxce OT
KaTHOHa co.ieIi, noJlytiaeMbix H3 cyJIb4)MIcJIOT.
TexH'OJioruSi noJiygeHH'H ~noBepxHocTHO-aKTHBHbIX Bea eCia H3
aPOMaTHKH Hec THHbIX H ApyrHX AHCTHJIJISIT'OB 3aKJ11OtiaeTCH B CyJIb-
7 3axa3 N8 1010 97
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(p Hp'OBaHHH 'H'CXOAnOrO npOAyKTa 'Cep,HblM a'HPHApHAOM, cepH01i KHC-
JIOTOII, B 3KCTpaxjjHH, npOMbIB'Ke, HecTpaJIH3aIl4HH H riOJiyTieHHH rO-
TOBOPO HpoAyKTa B 'BH,ge CH'pona, naCTbl HJIH n0'pOarKa. Pa3'pa6OTa-
HbI ABa McTOAa CyJIb(~ HpOBaHHSI apOMaTHKH H3 AH'CTHJIJISITOB: CyJib-
(4HpOBaHHe Ha CMecb CyJIb(pOKHCJIOT H CyJlb(4HpOBa'HHe, AHCJ(pepeH-
IZH'pOBaHHOe Ha C'yJlb(pOKHCJIOTbI, p-aCTB'OpHMble B yrJIeBOAOpoAHOi3
cpeAe (IKOHTaKT) H HepaCTBO'pHMble (KHCJIbIII ryJ(pOH). CyJIb' pHp'0-
Ba'HHe HO nepB'oMy Cnoco6y 3Haq'HTeJIbHO InIOBbIHIaeT BbIXOAbl AC-
PAC (HanpHMep, H3 ra30flJlH KaTaJIHTHqeCKOPO IKpeKHHra, coAep-
xcatgero Ao 40% apoMaTHTieCxHx yrJieBOAOpOA'OB, 35% aKTHBHOro
BemeCTBa Ha HCXO)jHoe Cbrpbe).
CyJIb(f HposaHHe cepHHCTbIX AHCTHJIJIHTOB, HOMHMO yAaJIeHHSI
apOMaT'HTqeCKHX yrJIeBOAopoAOB, HO3BOJI.9eT noJiyIaTb BbICOKOOLIH-
Tn.enHbII3 OT CepbI J[HCTHJIJIHT, HCrIbITaHHH KOTOpOrOnOKa3aJIH, TiTO OH
MO)KeT HaATH npHMeHeHHe B Ka4IecTBe 'MOTOpHOJO TonJIHB,a H AJIR
XHMH,ieCKOI3 nepepa6OTKH Ha nOBepXHOCTHO-aIKTHBHble BeuieCTBa
(Cy.llb(OHOJI, 3KHpHbie H OKCHKHCJIOTbI).
BbIJIO npHMeHeHo 3KC'rpaKiwOHHO'e H3BJIe'IeHHe 1HOBepXHOCTHO-
aKTHBHbIX BeUI,eCTB H3 CyJIb4)HpOBaHHOI3 nOJISI'pHOI%I (aKTHB'HOf)
He(pTH, H3On'pOn1HJI,OBbIIM CfH'pTOM, H3 KOTOpOPO B AaJIb'HeHU1eM IIy-
TeM pa(r,HHaUHH noayliaJin OJieO(~HJIbHbIH (Mac.mopaCTBOpHMbllii)
npOAyKT FCH, o6JiaAaioII)'.Hfi BbICOKOI3 aKTHBHOCTbIO Ha rpaH'Hae
C BOA OR QI HBJIAIOII. fICSI XOpOIII'HM 3MyJIbraTOpOM aim nOJiyTIeHHH
CMa30K.
TaK KaIK COJIH BbIC'OKOM,oJIeKyJISTpHbIX Heq)TSIHbIX CyJIb4JOKH
CJIOT - nOBepXHOCTHO-a'KTHBHble BeweCTBa aHHOHHO'PO THna, cno-
co6Hble paCTBOpITbCS1 B yrJIeBOJ[OpOJ[HbIX cpeAax m H3MeHHTb HX
CBOI-ICTBa, TO 'noJlyleHHe OJIeO(I4JIbHbIX nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX
BelII,eCTB 6bIJIO oCyIIjeCTBJIeHo T8K}Ke H CJIe,gy10UJHM nyTeM: pa3JIHiI-
Hble JuIcTHJIJI'HTHble JMacJla, nOJIyT-iaeMbie H3 He(pTH xioc.ne cep'HoKIHC-
JIOTHOI3 OT-IHCTKH, 3KCTparm,pOBaJi,H pacTBOIpHTeJr'Sl'MH C noCJIeJiylo1l[eI%
o6pa6oTKoR 3KCTpaKTOB HefTpaJIH3yIOIIZHMH OCHOBaHHHMH; noJiy-
TIeHHble CyJIb(4OHaTbI BbIAeJISIJIH H OTIHII):aJIH.
B KaTaeCTBe HCTOTjHHKa noiiyieHHSI OJICO{HHJIbHbIX CyJlb~OHaTOB
6bIJIH HCCJieAOBaHbI :H pa3JIHtlHbie .L HCTHJIJIHTbI aevrefi, inOJIyTialo-
II]',HXCH B npoMbinIJleHHbIX rlpoueccaX TepIMH'TIeCK0 i nepepa60T'KH
yrnISi, cJIaHua H Top(pa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CHIHTE3 3TAJIOHHbIX YPJIEBOAOPOAOB
AJIH ICCJIEAOBAHHH JIHPPO1IHO-I{EPOCHHOBbIX
cDPARIJUn, 1,2-AH3AMEll EHHbIE IIHI{JIOHEHTAHh1
(Mocxoecruu eocyOapCTeeuubsu if7LUeepcurer u.ns. M. B. .,Yomomocosa)
HocJIeJ oBaHHe HHAHB,HAyaJIbH.OPO COMM 6CH3HH'OB puAa OTe-
4eCTBeHHbIX Heq)TeII noKa3aJlo, TO B HOCJIeAHHX COJ.[ep3KaTCH 1XHK-
JIoneHTaHOBble yI'JIeBOAOpOAbI C OAHHM, ABYMH H TpeMH 3aMeCTHTe-
JIHMH. KOJIHqeCTBO 'CHHTe3HpOBaHHbIX AO HacTOSIMerO BpeMOHH
1, 2-AH3aMeu eHHbIX IZHKJIOIIeHTaHOBbIX yrJIeBOAOpOJOB HeBeJIHKO:
TO II.HC- H TpaHC-H30Mepbl 1, 2-AHMeTHJ1-, 1-MCTHJI-2-3THJI-, 1, 2-
AH3THJI-, 1-MeTHJI-2-H. IIponHJI-, 1-MeTHJI-2-H. 6yTHJI- H 1, 2-,aHq)e+
HHJIUHKJIoneHTaHa.
HaMH CHHTe3HpoBaHbI 1=3THJI-2-'H. fnpOrHJI-, 1-3THJI-2-H. 6yTHJI-
H 1, 2-,z H-H. 6yTHJIUHKJIoneHTaHbI, KOTOpble 6bIJIH pa3AeJIeHbw Ha IjH'C-
H TpaHc-H30MepbI. KpoMe TOPO, 6bIJIH IIOJiyqeHbI 1-MCTHJI-2-43eHHJI-
H I-3THJI-2- 4 eHHJIuHKJIorIeHTaHbI, BbIJ JIeHHble TOJIbKO B BHAe
Tpa,HC-H30MepoB.
C IZejIbio HOJIy'IeHHSI KOHesIHbIX yI'JIeBOAOpOAOB BbICOKOcI CTeneHH
4HCTOTbI, KOTOpble MOFJIH 6bI CJIy?KHTb 3TaJIOHaMH TlpH HccJIetjOBa-
HHH He4 Tei, cxeMa CHHTe3.a 6bIJia H36paHa TaKOIi, 'no6bI HCKJHO-
1IHTb BO3MO)KHOCTb TIOJIY'Ie'HHSI B KO,He2IHOI CTai(HT3 H3oMepOB C
HHbIM Ho.nO)K HH 'M 3aMeCTHTeJIeI{, a HMeHHO:
0 RMgBr R H2O H,p,
11I HCOOH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
rAe R = C2H5 R'= CHCH3 R" = H.C3H7, H. C4H9, CBHb
R = H.C3H7 R'= CHCH2CH3
R = H.C4H9 R'= CHCH2CH2CH3 R" = H.C4H9
R = CBHb R"=CH3
R = CH3 R"=CBHb
C TOR )Ke ueJIb1O HpoBOjuHJlacb TMaTeJIbxaH oqHCTKa Ha Bcex
cTaAHHx.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, IITO npH AerHApaTauxH I-aJIKHJIII;HKJIoneHTaHO-
JIOB-1 (II) HaCMIIueHHbIM paCTBOpOM igase ieBofi KHCJIOTbI o6pa3y-
IOTCH He TOJIbKO HenpeAeJlbHble YPJleBOAOpOAbI C ABOI3'HOFi CBH3bIO B
WTKJIe (III), ?KaK 3T0 o6bITIHo IIpHHHMaalocb, HO U YrJIeB0A0POAb1 C
ceMHUHKJIH1qeCKOfi ABOIiH0i3 CB513blO (IV) B COOTHOIH HHH IIpHMepHO
7 : 1. HcCJIeAOBaHHe CneKTPOB KOM6HHa1jHOHHOI'o pacceSIHHH fOA-
TBepAHJIO HX CTpYKTypy. COIIOcTaBJIe,HHe KOHCTaHT I-aJIKHJIuHKJIO-
neHTeHOB-I (III) H aJIKHJIHAeHIHKJIoneHTaHOB (IV) nOKa3bIBaeT,
1ITO pa3HOCTb TeMnepaTy'p KaneHHH C YBeJIHTieHHeM AJIHHbI 6OKOBON
germ pe3Ko yMeHblllaeTCH.
flpH OKHCJIeHHH I-aJIKHJIAHKJloneHTeHOB-1 (III) HaAMypaBbH-
HOfI KHCJIOTOH B OA'Hy CTaAHIO 6bIJIH nOJIy'-IeHbI 2-aJIKHJIUHKJloned-
TaHOHbI-I (V) C Bbixo,r 66-67% OT TeopeTfYecKoro. B ApyrHX
YCJIOBHHX o6pa6OTKH lnpOAYKTOB OKHCJIeHHH 6bIJI'H nOJiyTIeHbI MOHO-
(pop'MHaTbT I-aJI1KHJIuH'KJIOneHTaHAHOJIOB-1, 2 c BbIXOAOM 46-62%
OT TeopeTHIIeC'KOPO, KOTOpble npH rHApOJIH3e Aa}0T 1-aJIKHJiI HKJIO-
neHTaHAHOJIbI-1, 2 C BbIXOAOM 90-98% OT TeopeTHqeCKOTO.
BLIJIH maytIeHbI Tax}Ke 2-aJIKHJI'wHKJIOneHTaHOHMI-1 (V) AerHA-
paTauHei3 I-aJIKHJIuHKJIoneHTaHAHOJIOB-1, 2 C BbIxoAOM 76-83% H
HIDH OTIueHJIeHHH MYpaBbHHOii KHCJIOTbl OT MOHOc )OpMHaTOB rJIHKO-
Jiefl B KHCJIOfi cpeae C BbIXOAOM 71-82% OT TeopeTHgeC'KOTO.
II-PH OKHCJIeHHH I-aJIKHJIuHKJIoneHTeHOB-I HapSIAy c 2-aJIKHJI-
gHKJIOneHTaHoHaMH-1 o6pa3yeTC51 TaK)Ke 4-5% HenpeAeJlbHbIX
aJIKHJIUHKJioneHTaHOHOB; KpoMe Toro, IIPOHCXOAHT paciuerIJIeHHe
UHKJJac. o6pa30BaHHeM KeTOxHCJI0T (2,5-14,2% OT TeopeTHqe-
CKOro), npHLIeM c YBeJIIIHeHUeM AJIHHbI 6oj oBOI-I. uerIH 1-aJIKHJI-
IHKJIOneHTeHa-I BbIXOA KeTOKHCJIOT nOBbllnaeTCH.
11'pH OKHCJIeHHH 1-4)eHHJIUHKJIOneHTeHa-1 B 6owiee ?KeCTKHX yC-
JIOBHHX BbIXOA cooTBeTCTBeHHOPO KeTOHa yMeHbinaeTCH AO 37%, a
BbIXOA KeTOKHCJIOTbI B03pa'CTaeT Ao 30% Te0peTmeCKOF0.
143 2-aJIKHJI- H 2-(4eHHJIuHKJIOneHTadiOHOB-1 H aJIKHJIMarHHN-
ra.IoreHHAOB 6bIJIH noJlyqeHbI 1, 2-AHaJIKHJI- m 1-aJIKHJI-2-(peHHJI-
gHKJIoneHTaHoJIbI-1 (VI) c BbIX0A0M 50-72% (OMecb IWC- H
TpaHC-H3oMepOB). gerHapaTauHefi 9THX CnHpTOB 6bIJIH noJlygeHbI
flenpelleJlbHbie yrjieBoAopoAbl (VII) (CMecb H30MepOB c pa3JIHTIHbrM
nOJIO}KeHHeM ABOHHOfI CBH3H).
100
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
I'HApxposaHHeM ABy3aMetueHHblx AHKnoneHTeHOB Ha XonOAy B
npxcyTCTBHH Pt-yrns H Pd-LIepHH 6binx nonyueHbi 1, 2- AHa.nKH.n-
IuHxnoneHTaHbI H 1-anKHn-2-:(peHHnuHKnoneHTaHbI (VIII). flepBbie
pa3AeneHbl Ha wic- H TpaHC-H3oMepbl nyTeM neperoHKH B BaKyylvle
Ha 'KOnOHKe 3(3(pe'KTHBHOCTb1O 80 TeOpeTHLIeCKHX TapenOK. LI,HC- H
TpaHC-H30Mepbi o6pa3oBanHCb B COOTHOIneHnH npHMep,HO I : 5.
1-aJIKHn-2-(peHHJIuHKnoneHTaHbI nonylieHbi TOnbKO B BHAe TpaHC-
H3oMepa.
KOH4)HrypauHx nOnyLIeHHbIM H3OMepaM npHHHCaHa Cornacx0
npaBHay Aysepca - CKHTa.
Ha OCHOBaHHH H3yLIeHHH KOHCTaHT nOny'leHHbIX yrneBOA0pOAOB
CneAyeT, qTO pa3HOCTH TeMnepaTyp KHneHHH, ITnOTHOCTeH H nOKa3a-
TeneH npenOMneHHH IUHC- H TpaHC-H3OMepOB C yBenH1leHHeM MOne-
Kyn'SIPHOrO Beca yMeHbIIIaIoTCH.
I-IpaBHnbHOCTb Bb16paHHOH CXeMbI CHHTe3a H McTOAOB OIIHCTKH
noATBepx(AaeTc'si CTeneHblo IIHCTOTbI HOnytIeHHbIX npenap-aTOB, paB-
HOH, HanpHMep, aim 1, 2-A'H-H. 6yTH LUIKnoneHTaxa 99,75%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MHRPO3JIEMEHTbI HE DTEII A3EPBAIRIAHA
A. H.3ymi, yrap.lai
(A3ep6aua3fcaucuuu zocyaapcreeuubau yuueepcurer u.nt. C. M. ICupoea, Baicy)
CyIIjHOCTb npogecca HaKOnJIeHHH B He(jJTH XHMH'-IeCKHX 3JIeMeH-
TOB, HOJIytIHBIIIHX Ha3BaHHe KaTC51 MHKpo3Jle-
McHTbI B He(~TH?
LI oCTOBepHO H3BeCTHO, LITO B He(~TS!X Coaep}KaTCH McTaJIJio-nop-
(4HpIIHOBble KOMnJIeKCbI, B qaCTHOCTH, BaHaAHeBo-nOp'(1)n'pnHOBble H
3KeJIe3O-HOp(4HpHHOBble KOMnJIeKcbI.
14MeIOHI,IIec5i AaHHbIC yKa3bIBaloT Ha TO, 'ITO KaK HIIKeJIeBO-nOp-
()HpHHOBble KOMrIJIeKCbI, TaK H fOp4)HpHHOBble KOMnJIeKCbI BaHaJHSI
CBSI3aHbI C 6HOXpoMaiMH HCXOAHbIX OpPaHH3MOB. 3TH KOMrIJIeKCbI
o6pa30BaJIH'Cb B He(JTeMaTepHH'CKOH nop'oAe B pe3yJlbTaTe 3aMeuze-
HHSI MarHHH (H }KeJIe3a) B HApax 6HoxpOMOB BaHaAHeM H HHKeJIeM.
B03MO)KHOCTb TaKOrO 3aMeuleHHH AOKa3aHa BKCHepHMeHTaJIbHO.
BaHaAHH H HHKeJIb, 3aMeujaBmHe MarHHH (H xmne30), HaXO-
ZIHJIHCb B MO'pCKOM HJie, KOTOpbIH, KaK yKa3bIBaeT A. H. BHHorpa-
AOB, 'o6oralueH 3THMH 3JIeMeHTaMH 3a cieT AeTpHTOB opraHH3MOB.
TaKm'M o6pa3OM, B$aHaAHH, HHKeJIb, )Keiie30 (H, BO3MO?KHO, A''pyrue
3JIeMeHTbI) B BHAe IIOp'()HpFHOBbIX KOMnJIeKCOB IIOSIBHJIHCb eiue B
Heq)TeMaTepH'HCKOH HOpOAe B MOMeHT o6pa3O'BaHHH He(~TH. CJIeAo-
BaTeJIbHO, BanaAHH, HHKeJIb H }KeJIe3o, o6pa3YIOUlne McTaJIJPO-'nOp-
q)HpHHOBble KOMrIJIeKCbI, a TaK)Ke CaMH n'Op(JHpHHbI OTHOCSITCH K
HCXO)lHbIM He#eMaTepHHCKHM OpraHH3Ma'M 'n B 3TOM CMblcJie SIB-
JISIK)TCSI nepBw--IHbIMH.
O6cy}KAaeMa5i 'npo6JieMa pHCyeTcH 'HaM B CJIeAYIOu eM BHAe:
AeTpHT HCXOAHbIX He4TeMaTepHHOKHx opraHH3MOB o6oraII1,aJI 1Mop-
CKOI HJI coAepKan.IHMHCSH B 3TIIX opraHH3Max H BbIHOJIH51BHIHMIf
B HHX onpeAe.IeHHyIO ()H3HOJIorHTIeCKyIO pOJIb BaHaAHeM, HHKeJIeM,
?KeJie3OM, Ko6aJIbTOM, MapraHlleM H apyrHMH BJIeMeHTaMH.
I'ICX'OAHble opraHH3MbI, noCM'epTHble OCTaTKH 'KOTOpbIX 06pa30-
BaJIH He(JTb, B pa3JIHLIHbIX reoJlorH'-IeCKHX np'OBIIHIIHHX MorJIH 6bITb
He HAeHTHiIHbIMH. OA'HH H Te ice BHAbI OpraHI43-MOB, o'-IeBHAHO, CO-
Aep)KaJIH pa3JIH'I'Hbie KOJIHTIeCTBa OaHOPO H Toro )KC 3JIeMeHTa. HeT
COMHeHHSI, LITO Hapc(Ay C ApYrHMH cpaKTopaMH pa3JImIIIe B KOJIHLIe-
103
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CTBeHHOM 3JIeMeHTapHOM COCTaBe opraHH3MOB Hrpano Basxxyto
pOJIb B HeOAHHaKOBOH CTeneHH o6oratgeHHH MOPCKHX HJ OB MHKpO-
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JIHtIH51MH HCXOAHbIX 'He(ITeMaTep'HHCKHx OpraHH3MOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
(DOPMAJIbAEI`HRHbIn CHOCOB PA3AEJIEHHH
OCHOBHbIX KOMIIOHEHTOB CbIPOPO AHTPAIJEHA
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HOCTb nHPHAHHOBbIX OCHOBaHHII npH OpraHH3aUHH KpynHOTOHHa}K-
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IUeHbI HCCJIeAOBaHHI MHxa3JiI (1923 r.), B. B. Maxcoposa
(1929 r.), lOpa H OAa (1940 r.), OAHBKO B HHX OTCyTCTByIOT MHO-
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6a3oJIa H HC1IbITaHbI HeKOTOpble HOBble KaTaJIH3aTOpbi; XOpOIIIHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
pe3yJIbTaTbl nOJlytieHbI C npHMeHeHHeM raIIIeHofi H3BeCTH H ee cMe-
cex C CyJlb4)aTOM HaTpHH, To M03KeT npeACTaBJIHTb onpeAeJleHHbIN
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B nOHCKax HOBbIX nyTeil npaMeHeHHH Kap6a3OJIa HaMH npo-
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BbICOKOH TOKCHgHOCTbIO AJISI HeKOTOpbIX HaCeKOMbIX H CHJIbHbIM
i6aKTepar[HAHbIM RefICTBHeM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
ICATAJIITHiIECIiHE HPEBPAIII(EHHH
I,1-ABY3AMEH(EHHbIX YTJIEBOAOPOAOB
[ FIIfJIOPERCAHOBOPO PHAA
C. H. XpoMOB, E. C. BaneHxoBa, H. A. CeHRoBa,
B. A. Ka3aHCRHH
(Mocxoechuu eocydapcreetwubuu yuueepcurer um. M. B. JloMouocoea)
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peAeJleHHbIi3 HHTepec Aim yrJIy6JIeHIHSI Ha1IHX 3HaHHII B o61IaCTIi
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CJIe,IjOBaHHSI 'KaK pycCKHX ytieHbIX (H. a. 3eJIHHCKHLI, B. A. Ka3aH-
CKHH), TaK H HHOCTpaHHbIX (JIH'HC'TeA, Py}KHtIKa).
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HjeHHHM B yCJIOBHSIX ierHapOreHH3aTLHOHHOrO KaTaJIH3a cJIeayJo uHX
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I -6yTHJIIjHKJIOreKCaHa, 1,1-AH3THJIII.HKJIoreKcaHa, I -3THJI-1-npOHHJI-
uHxJloreKeaHa, 1-McTHJI-I-1 HKJIoneHTnJIIjHKJIOreKcaHa, 1,1'-AHMe-
THJIJjHIjHKJIoreKCHJIa H 1-McTHJI-I 4JeHHJIIjHKJIOreKcaHa.
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pOreHH3aijHOHHOro xaTaJIH3a. Biuio noKa3ano, tITO HaJIHtre tieT-
BepTHIIHOrO aTOMa B UHKJIe IicCJIeAyeMbIX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB o6yCJIOB-
JIHBaeT H3Be'CTHylo yCTOHtIHBOCTb HX HpH AerHApOreHH3BJ HOHHOM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KaTaJIH3e. C POCTOM iHcjia yrJlepoAHbIx aTOMOB B aJIKHJIbHOM
paAHKaJIe yBeJIHtrHBaeTCR OTHOCHTeJlbHa5 yCTOfIIIHBOCTb MOJICKyJIbl
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TaIOTCH He H3MeHeHHbIMH OT 25 Ao 50% HCXOAHOro yrnesoAopoAa.
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BOAOpOAOB. 143 apOMaTHgIecKHX y'rJIeBOAOpOAOB B npO.AyKTaX KaTa-
JIH3a HeH3'MeHHO npHCyTCTByIOT: 6eH3OJI, TOJIyOJI, KCHJIOJIbl, H TpH-
McTHJ16eH30JIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
O6pa3oBaHHe 6eH3oJIa B KaTaJIH3aTe CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM,
qTO npH nposeaeHHH 1-MCTHJI-1-aJIKHJIAHKJIOreKCaHOB Hap, aJIIOMO-
CHJIHKaTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTOPOM npOHCXOAHT oAHOBpeMeHHbrH OTpbIB
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XOAHOM yrJleBoaopoAe, tiTO BHalgajie npHBOAHT K nonyzleHHlo UHK-
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MOCHJIHKBTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTopoM B 3HagIHTeJIbHOH CBOefI Macce pac-
naAaeTCSI, o6pa3yH 6eH30JI H McTHJIII,HKJIOreKCaH KaK OCHOBHble
npOAyKTbI peaKuHH. B McHbuleH CTeneHH HMeIOT McCTO BTOpHtIHbxe
npoueccbi - AerHAporeHH3auH5i UHKJIOreKcaHa B TOJIYOJI H H3oMe-
pH3agHH B AHMeTHJIUHKJIOreKCaHbI. B MaJIOM KOJIHtleCTBe npn KaTa-
JIH3e o6pa3yIOTCSI H napacpHHOBbie yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
R3YUHHE (DJIYOPECIIHPYIOMHX COEJ>(HHEHHI3 HE(DT11
C IXEJIbIO HX HCHOJIb3OBAHHH
B RE DEIkTOCROHHH METAJIJIOB
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(HUCTUTyT xuaiutt um. H. r. McAunuuceu4u AH 1'py3CCP, T6u.2ucu)
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c paK HOHHy1O pa3rOHKy, eejreKTHBHoe paCTBOpeHHe, amcop6uHOH-
HYIO XpOMaTorpa'(pHlo H KPHCTaJIJIH3auHIo), H3 BbICOKOMoJIeKyJIHp-
HOIi ap0MaTHKH He4)TH MbI BbIAeJIHJIH KPHCTaJIJIHneCKHe H }KHAKHe
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143 KpHCTaJIJIHgeCKHX K'OMHOHeHTOB BbIAeJieHbl cJleAylou1.He TPH
yrIleBOAOpo,aa, KOTOpble HO HHTeHCHBHOCTH (~JlyopecUeH1[HH He yc-
TynaIOT KPHCTaJIJIH4eCKOMy a30THOKHCJIO'My ypaHHJIy.
1) BeJioro uBeTa KpHcTaJIJIHgeCKOe BeLuecTBO, (JJlyopecuHpylo-
u);ee rOJIy6bIM ILBeTOM. MOJIeKyJIHpHblli Bee 299, TeMnepaTypa inJIaB-
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c TeMnepaTypoli HJiaBJieHHH 140?. 3MnHpHqeCKaH cpopMyJla -
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2) be.ioe KpHCTaJIJIHTJeeKoe BeIuecTBO, (Jly'opeeuHpylon ee
(pHOJieTOBbIM ILBeTOM. MOJIeKyjiHp'HbIIi Bee 316, TeMnepaTypa nJTaB-
JIeHHSI 199?. 1-1H'KpaT H3 6eH'30JIbHOrO pacTBopa KpaCHOrO ILBeTa c
TeMnepaTypoli nJIaBJIeHHH 134?. 3MnHpHgIeeKas 4)opMyJia - C25H18.
fIpIH Ha'rpeBaHHH B Kan'HJIJIHpe A'O 300? H3'MeHHeTCH.
3) >Kejrroe KpHCTajIJIHgeCKoe BeLuecTBO, (1JiyopecuHpyloucee
}KeJITO-3eJIeHbIM IUBeTOM. MOJIeKyJI51PHbII3 Bee 459, TeMnepaTypa
nJIaBJIeHHH 316-318?. 1-IH,KpaTOB 'He o6pa3yeT. 3MnHpHTIeCKaH
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'IecKfHX HOJIHUHKJIH'tIeCKHX yrneBoaopoAoB, aaeT OCHOBaHEe npeJt-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
noJlaraTb, IITO OHH CoAep}KaT HapHAy c apoMaTHLIecKHMH KoJlbua-
MH TepMHqeCKH HeCTa6HJIbHble CTpyKTypHble 3JIeMeHTbI. CIneKTpaJIb-
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MaTHTIeCKOR npHpOAbI H aHaJIOrHqHO yKa3aH'HbIM KpHCTaJIJImeCKHM
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114
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
UuHH B pe3yJIbTaTe nepeMeIUHBaHHH B nocJle.yIolnlle flOPUHH Cbipbx,
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BJIHBHHe Ha nOKa3aTeJIH npouecca BpeMeHH OKHCJIeHHH McHee
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
COLIETAH1IE XPOMATOPPA(DHxIECKO I AACOPBIIIH
C H3B1IPATEJIbHbIM PHAPHPOBAHHEM HP1I AHAJIH3E
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yr.TleaoAOpoAbI MOrYT coAepacaTbcH B AIICTHJIJIHTaX B BHAe CaMbIX
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nOCTOHHHOIi Ha ypOBHe 15 i12A/kac. flpo6MI OT6HpaJIH OAHHaKOBbIMH
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yrJIeBOAOpOAOB, coAep}ga1uHXCH BO BTOpOIi, TpeTbei3, TIeTBepTOK H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
TIHTOcI (kpaKUHHX, Ka}KAaS H3 HHX 6bIJIa nOABepfHYTa H36HpaTeJlb-
HOMy rHApHpOBaHHlo. 1'136HpaTeJIbHOe rHApnposaHHe, o6ecne?IH-
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apoMaTMeCKOro KOJIbua, OCyIUeCTBJIHJIOCb Ha aJLIOMOKO6aJIbT-
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Jryion nr n: aaBJIeHHe 40-50 am, TeMneparypa 380? H o6'beMHaA
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rl03BOJIHJIO BbIHCHHTb XapaKTep pacnpeAeJieHHH CTpyKTYpHbix
rpynn HenpeaeJlbHbIX YrJIeBOAOPOAOB B Ka)KAOH (ppaKuHH.
B nepBO i OCHOBHOH (ppaK HH, 3HatIHTeJIbHOH nO BbIXOAY
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napa(iIHHOBbie H Ha(TeHOBble yraeBOAOPOAbI H OTCYTCTBY1OT nOJI-
HOCTbIO apOMaTHLIeCKHe H OJie(kHHOBble yrJIeBOAOPOAbI.
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yrJIeBOAOPOAbI C HenpeaeJIbHOIi 60KOBOIi Uenb}O.
TpeTbc (ppaKUHH (BbIXOA 19-20%) COCTOHT nO4TH Haue,no H3
OJIe(pHHOB (92-96%), npHHeM apOMaTHLIeCKHe yrJIeBOAOpOAbI C
HenpeAeJlbHOf3 60KOBOH uenblo nonaAaioT B 3TY 4 paKUHIO JIHIIIb B
He3HagHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHqeCTBaX (OKOJIO 3% Ha (ppaKuHIO).
B tieTBepTOH 4 paKUHH, TaK)Ke HBJIHK)IueHCH npOMe)KyTOqHOH H
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ueHTPHpyIOTCH TOJIbKO apOMaTHtIeCKHe H HenpeAeJlbHble yrJIeBOAO-
POAbI H OTCyTCTBy}OT napa(pHHOBbie H Ha(iTeHOBble yrJIeBOAOpOAbI.
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apoMaTH4eCKHX yrJIeBOAopOAOB, HPHT4eM COAep)KaHHe apOMaTHUe-
CKHX yrJleBOJ(OpOJwB AoCTHraeT 80%, a HenpeaeJlbnble yrJIeBoAo-
pOAbI AB.TIBIOTCH 6OKOBOH uenblO Ha(pTeHOBbIX HJIH apoMaTHqeCKHX
yrJIeBOAopoAOB.
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pa3AeJIeHH51 AHCTHJIJIHTOB BTOpH14Horo npOHCXO)KAeHHH C H36Hpa-
TeJIbHbIM rHApHpoBaHHeM BbIAe.IeHHbIX (ppaKUHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HCCJIEAOBAH}JE CTPYKTYPbI
BbICOKOKHHHIAHX DEHOJIOB
CPEAHETEMHEPATYPHO]3 CMOJIbI iIEPEMXOBCKHX
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B InHpOKOH 4 paKUHH CMOJIbN IlepeMXOBCKHX yr.neli H ee M{HAKO-
4 3HOT0 rHJjporeHH3aTa coAepacaTCH 3HatIHTeJIbHble KOJIHLIeCTBa
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nYTH HCHOJIb3OBaHH5I KOTOpbIX MaJIO H3ygeHbl. HaMH HCCJIeAOBaHa
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IjHOHHOIi nepepa60TKH IIaCTH HX B (peHOJI, Kpe30JIbl H KCHJIeHOJIbI.
B OCHOBy pa60Tb1 nO yCTaHOBJIeHHIO CTpyKTypbI BbICIIIHX q)eHO-
JIOB 6bwwi noJlo}KeH McTOA HCIlepnblBaK)njero rHApxpoBaHHSI HX AO
Ha(4TeHOBMX yrJleBo.opoAOB B yCJIOBHHX, npH KOTOpbIX npoueccbi
pa3JIo>KeHHH npOAyKTOB rHAporeHH3auHH 6bIJIH CBeAeHbl AO MHHH-
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n, d, M H KOM6HHaUHOHHOrO pacceHHHH CBeTa H COnOCTaBJIeHa c
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XOBCKHx yr.neli C TeMneparypoi KHneHM$ 230-280? coAepxcaT npH-
MepHO 43% 6HIjHKJIHIIeCKHX (peHOJIOB - HHAaHOJIa, Ha(pTOJIOB H
HX rOMOJIOFOB, a BbICHIHe (peHOJIbI H3 }KH)JKO(pa3HOT0 rHApOreHH-
3aTa C TeMnepaTypoS3 KHneHHH 230-320? 3TOIi }Ke CMOJIbI coAep-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M{ T 67% 6HUHKJIHIIeCKHX cpeHOJIOB STHX we pSIAOB, BKJIIO4aH
tcaCTH'IHO rHApHpOBaHHble coeAHHeHHA.
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.IAeT OKOJIO 80%.
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yrnei H ee }KHAKO(Ja3H000 rmaporem13aTa npOBOAHJIHCb KaK B
aBTOKJIaBax, TaK H Ha npOTOtIHOH yCTaHOBKe. BbISI0HeHO, TO aJIH
nojlytIeHHSI HH3UIHX (~eHOJIOB C TeMnepaTypoI3 KHHeHHH Ao 230?
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HaA KaTaJIH3aTOpOM A1203 + Fe203 (coaep}KaHHe }KeJie3a 1 %),
noAage 1000 .'e BOaOpoAa Ha I A CbIpbH (COOTHouieHHe HCXOAHbIX H
BO3BpaTHbIX BbICIUHX q)eHOJIOB OT npeAbIAyLuero UHKJIa 1 : 1) noJIy-
IIaIOTCSI CJIeAyioLUHe BbIXOAbI npoILyKTOB:
B pacveTe Ha
B pacvere' Ha tpeHo.nbl
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aKTHBHOCTH H AOJI}KHa OCyLUeCTBJIHTbCSI B BHAe cMeHHO-uHKJIHge-
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Aep)KaHHeM B HHX 6HUHKJIHIIeCKHX c4eHOJIOB no CpaBHeHHIO C CO-
OTBeTCTByIOII.HMH cJeHOJI3MH }KHAKOO6pa3HOrO rHAporeHH3aTa.
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4 paKUHSIX C TeMnepaTypOH KHneHHSI Bb1IIIe 250-255?, AocTHralo-
Iuee 80%, o6yc.TOBJIHBaeT HeueJIeCOO6pa3HOCTb HX rHApOreHH3a-
uHOHHOA_ nepepa60TKH B (JeHOJI, Kpe30JlbT H KCHJIeHOJIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
0 CHHTE3E HET1IAPOJIH3YEMbIX BELT ECTB B TOP DAX
K. K. Jle6e;BeB
(I4'erlrpanbnbau nayuuo-uccheboeareAbcxuu 4ecoxuMuuecxuu uncruryr,
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paCTeT OTHOCHTeJIbHOe KOJIHYeCTBO 60JIee CTOHKHX KOMrIOHeHTOB,
B nepsylo ovepe,I b TaK Ha3bIBaeMOPO . TaKaH TpaKTOB-
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KoBa, E. B. KOHJjpaTbeB H M. H. KOCTHHe, - IIInpHHrep H JIeHep).
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JIHPHHHOM, HO OH BKJIIOIIaeT, KpOMe JIHPHHHa, KYTHH, cy6epHH,
CHOpOHHHbI, noJIeHHHbI. BBH.I y oco6oII CTOI'IKOCTH 3THX BeUjeCTB,
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Jjep3KaHHIO B Top( e .
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CTeneHH pa3JI0}KeHH3I. BbiAeJieHHe KYTHHa nPOH3BOJ;HJIH OKHCJIe-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HHeM Herx,rjpoJIH3yeMoro OCTaTKa nepexxcblO BOAOpOAa B aMMHatl-
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paCTeT, a c rJIy6HHOH 3aJieraHHfi n.nacTOB - naAaeT.
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npoueCCOB B (JOpMHpOBaHHH TOp(pHHbIX OTJIO}KeHHI3 H nocJleAylo-
meN HX yr.le()HKauHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
MEXAHI3M TEPMIIILIECKOIa AECTPYRAHH
H CHHTE3A KOKCA
E. A. HOBHLIxoBa, B. E. Pa?iconcx1a,
T. I. KomogeBa, D. JI. KaraHonHV, X. H. PHBxuRa
(HuCTUTyr Topg5a AH BCCP, Mumcm)
H3yueHHe npoueCcOB TepMHIIeCKOf AeCTPYKIUHH BbICOKOMOJIe-
KYJIHPHbIX coeAHHeHHIfi, BXOA IL1 HX B COCTaB TOnJIHB, nOKa3bIBaeT,
LITO B OCHOBe o6pa30BaHHH HH3KOMOJIeKyJISIpHbIX BeujeCTB, a TaK]Ke
H npoijeCCOB nOJIygeHHH KoKCa JIe}KaT XHMHLIeCKHe peaKuHH, npH-
BOA51MHe, C OAHOI3 CTOpOHbI, K pa3yKpyfHeHHIO BbICOKOMoJIeKyJIHp-
HbIX coeAnHeHHI3, a C :ApyrOH, - K CHHTe3y rpOM03AKHX MOJIeKYJI
KOKCa.
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fP0I CCbI oMbIJIeHHST, TeKYHjHe conpH3KeHHO C peaKUHSIMH AerHApa-
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COUHaIjHH. 9TH napaJinejlbHO H nocJIeAoBaTeJIbHO TeKYIUHe peaK-
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HbIX 3(pHpOB, BXOARHI;HX B COCTaB TOrIJIHBa. OMbIJIeHHe TeLIeT npH
y'aCTHH nHporeHHOI3 BOAbl, B YCJIOBHHX fPHHYAHTeJIbHOFO BBeAe-
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HC - OOH. PacnaA noA aaBJIeHHeM B npHCYTCTBHH napoB H2O
EOLITH HauejiO BblAe.nxeT a30T TOHJIHBa B BHAe NH3.
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HeHHI3 B npHCYTCTBHH Henpeae.lbHbIX Ha4)TeHOB - nepeHOCLIHKOB
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HbIX cpeAax AocTHraeT 3Ha'IHTeJIbHbIX BeJIHLIHH. BMeCTe C TeM
LIaCTb HH3KOMoJIeKyJI5IpHbIX COeAHHeHHId nonyYaeTCH H3 TOnJIHBa
3a CLIeT LIHCTO q)H3HLIeCKHX npoueccoB: HcnapeHHSI, cy6JIHMauHH,
nyJIbBepIl3auHH.
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uleHHe yFJIeBOAHOII H JIHrHHHHOH CTPYKTYpbI, npoijecc 3aBeplHaeT-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CH CHHTe30M KOMHOHeHTOB MHorosIAepHOI1 rpa(pHTOo6pa3HOrI CTpyK-
Typ bI.
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Aep}Kaiuero Ao 80-85% yrJiepoAa; AaJlbnefulee nOBbIUIeHHe co-
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5IB4I5IIOTC51 HH3KOMOJIeKYJISIpHble, TepMHtieCKH CTOI1KHe, cnoc06Hbie
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3HaiIHTeJIbHYIO POJIb HrpaIOT npOAYKTbI TepMHqeCKoro pacnaAa
JIHI'HHHa H Apyrne COeAHHeHHSI apOMaTmeCKOI1 npHpOAbI.
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nepeXOAHTb B HJIaCTHLIHO(' COCTOSIHIIe SIBJI5ieTCSI noTepei CHOCO6HO-
CTH BCTYnaTb B XHMHileCKHfI KOHTaKT H BCJIeACTBHe 3TOrO o6pa3o-
BbIBaTb npo4HoaTOMHOCB513aHHbie CHcTeMbl. Topq)bI o611aAalOT
orpaHHqeHHOH CneKaeMOCTbIO BcAIeACTBHe BbICOKOK nOpHCTOCTH H
MaJIOro couepxcaHHH apomaTHqeCKHX COeAHHeHHf, o6yCJIOBJIHBaiO-
U HX CneKaHHe. HCKyOCTBeHHbie Ao6aBKH JIHrHHHa K TOp(pY nOBbI-
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6) apOMaTHT1eCKHX yrJIeBOAOpOAOB C (peHOJIaMH, B) (peHOJIOB (ripo-
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BOAOpoAOB.
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npH TepMH4eCKOM pacnaAe 3HaLIHTeJIbHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO JIeTy4HX,
M0)KeT o6pa3'OBaTb npOqHbII3 CneKHIHi1CH KOKC TOJIbKO npH yCJIO-
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BH$I KOMHOHeHTOB, npenMTcTByiouLHx ycaAKe KOKCa BO BCeX CTa-
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11OHeHTOB apoMaTHYecKOf1 npxpoubi; fO3TOMY AHCIIeprnpOBaHHe -
McxaHHYeCKaSI nepepa60TKa, SIBJIHeTCSI 065I3aTeJIbHbIM MeponpxH-
THeM. HOJIO)KHTeJIbHYIO POJIb HrpaeT yAa.IeHHe KHCJIOpOAa B03AyXa
H3 TonJIHBa. r1OJIyKOKC H KOKC He SIBJIBJOTCSi CBo60AHbIM yrJiepOAOM
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eAHHeHHIi, npeHMYuieCTBeHHO H3 apomaTHqeCKHX MHOrOSIAepHbIX
fPOAYKTOB, o6JIaamwHX pSIAOM CBOHCTB, 3aBHC51uHX OT CTpOeHHSI
9 3aKaB Ni 1010 125
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KOMIIOHeHTOB, XHMHLIeCKHr1 COCTaB .Tno60r0 KOKCa MO)KHO peryJlH-
pOBaTb. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM HpeaCTaBJISIeTCH B03MO}KHbIM CHH-
Te3HPOBaTb KOKCbI: 1) 6oraTble KHCJIOpOAOM, 2) 6eaHble KHCJIOpO-
AOM, a TaKxce o6-bHCHHTb o6pa3oBaHHe KOKCOB, 6OraTbIX a30TOM
Ii cepof. Coj[ep3KaHHe KHCJIOPOaa B KOKCe CTOHT B IIpHMOH 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT COaep}KaHHSI (peHOJIOB B HCXOAHOM ripoAyKTe H B 06paT-
HOM - OT COAep}KaHH$I aPOMaTHqeCKHX yrJleBOAOpOAOB. PeaKUHOH-
HaSI CnoCO6HOCTb KOKCOB 3aBHCHT He TOJIbKO OT Be.IHgH,Hbl nOBepX-
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npOBOj[HOCTb.
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C KHCJIOp0aCOaep]KaUUHMH BeJIjeCTBaMH, KOKCbI rIOKa3bIBa1OT pa3-
JIHTIHyI0 PeaKUHOHHYIO CHOCO6HOCTb no OTHOUIeHHIO K npoueccaM
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cIIOCO6HOCTH pearHposaTb c apoMaTHLIeCKHMH yrJleBoj[0poaaMH,
a TaK)Ke 9THJIeHoM, H npHCOej[HHeHHe 9THX Beu CTB K KOKCy COnpo-
Bo)Kj[aeTC5I 9KBHMOJIeKYJISIPHbIM BbIAeJIeHHeM Bo11opoaa.
PeaKUUHII KOKcoo6pa3oBaHH,9, TeKymHe Ha IIOBepXHOCTH KOKCOB,
XapaKTepHbl CBoeItI CIIeuHq)HqHOCTb!o H 3aBHCHT OT XHMHgeCKO1i
npHPOJ bI KOKca.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, B HaCT05u uee BpeMH B AOCTaTOgHO I CTeneHH
B03MO)KHO ynpaBJIHTb npoueocoM KOKCOo6pa3OBaHH5I.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIE PEArEHTbI L JIf 4)JIOTAIRHH YI'JIEII
M. B. I HnepoBHe, B. r.IInzocnKn
(Bocrowxbtu may*iuo-ucc4eOoearenbcxuu yehexuMuuecxuu uncruryr,
Ceep8.2oecx)
B HaCTOSInjee BpeMg ILJISI (kJIOTaILHH yrJlec npHMeHSIK)T XHMH-
'IeCKH CJIO}KHble II HenOCTOHHHble nO COCTaBY peareHTbi. 3KcnepH-
McHTHpy51 C TaKIIMH peareHTaMH, HeBO3MO}KHO yCTaHOBHTb onpe-
AeJieHHyfo 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B HX aeRCTBHH.
HaMH npose1LeHbl HccJIeAoBaHHH 41IIOTaIIHOHHOrO aeIICTBH51
qHCTbIX HHILHBHayaJlbHbIX XHMHTIeCKHX BeuLeCTB, BXOJLHIILHX B
TaKHe pacnpOCTpaHeHHbie peareHTbl AJIH (~JIOTalXHH yrJlsi, KaK
KaMeHHOYPOJIbHble MacJia H HeKOTOpbie He(kTSlHbie nPOAYKTbI.
TaK KaK Ha pe3yJlbTaTbl 4)JIOTaUHH OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHHe He TOJIb-
KO MHHepaJIOrHqeCKHI3 COCTaB, HO H MaKpO- H MHKPOCTPYKTYPHbII3
COMB yrJiA, HCCJIe,1OBaHHe AefiCTBH5i peareHTOB nPOH3BO,LLHJIH He
npH ()JIOTaILHH yrJix B ILeJIOM, a nyTeM pa3.L eJIbHOH (pJIOTaI.JHH
6JIecTAHLHX H MaTOBbIX ero pa3HOBH.ILHOCTe}3. KpoMe Toro, TaK 'KaK
pe3yJlbTaTbl (4JIOTaLLHH B 3HaT{HTeJIbHOI3 Mepe 3aBHCSIT OT CTeneHH
McTBMOp(~H3Ma yrJlSl, HccJIeAOBaHHe 4)JIOTaUHOHHOPO J CTBHSI
peareHTOB H OH3BOAHJIH C yrJIHMH BCeX CTaAHfi McTaMOp(HH3Ma.
B KageCTBe co6HpaTeJIeI3 AJIH ()JIOTaILHH npHMeHHJIH MHorO-
gHCJIeHHbie aJIKHJi6eH3OJIbI, npeAeJIbHbie H HenpeAeJIbHble auHKJIH-
qeCKHe CoeAHHeHHSI H aJIHLZHKJIHTieCKHe.
IZPOBe.eHHbie HCCJIeAOBaHHSI nOKa3aJIH, WO HaH6oJiee aKTHB-
HbIMH CO6HpaTeJISIMH SIBJIHIOTCSI aJIKHJl6eH30JIbl c pa3BeTBJIeHHbIMH
60KOBbIMH ILenHMH. OnTHMa.IbHoe KOJIHLIeCTBO yrJlepoAa B 60K0-
BbIX ILenHX HaXOAHTCH B npeAeJiax 6-9.
BeCbMa aKTHBHbIMH CO6HpaTeJlbHbIMH CBOf3CTBBMH o6JIaAalOT
HenpeAeJlbHbie COeJLHHeHHSI, 0006eHHO npOCTeiuIHe noJ!HMepHble
COeAHHeHHSI, HanpHMep, 1OJIHMepbl 6yTHJIeHa, nponHJreHa. Hacbi-
IILeHHbie COe)IHHeHHSI He 5IBJIHIOTC51 CO6HpaTeJISIMH Aa3Ke npH OlieHb
6OJIbWIIOM pacxoAe. I7pocTeffluHe Ha4)TeHbl TaK?Ke He o6JlaAaIOT
CO6HpaTeJlbHbIMH CBOHCTBaMH.
TaKHM o6pa30M, aKTHBHble CO6HpaTeJIH npeILCTaBJISIIOT C060i11
anoJnslpxble COeAHHeHHH C aCHMMeTpH'IHbIM CTpOeHHeM MoneKyJI
9? 127
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
H, CJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO, RIinOJIbHbIM MOMeHTOM 60JIbHIe HyJIH. COIIOCTaB-
JIeHHe (JJIOTaUH0HHOII aKTHBHOCTH C RHrOJIbHbIM MOMeHTOM HOKa-
3bIBaeT, 'ITO C yBeJIHqeHHeM AHnOJIbHOro MOMeHTa HOBbIIHaeTC51
(p JIOToaKTHBHOCTb anOJISIPHbIX coeAHHeHHI3.
FeTeponoJnlpHble nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHble COeAHHeHHSi (Ha-
npHMep, aJIH(paTHYeCKHe CHHpTbI) HBJISI}OTCH CJIa6bIMH co6HpaTe-
JISIMH, H npHTOM rJIaBHbIM 06pa3OM npH (pJIOTauHH yr ieiI KOKCOBOII
CTaAHH McTaMop(pH3Ma.
KpoMe Toro, 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJIeHO, tITO HMeeTCSI COBepUIeHHO
onpeAeJleHHaSI 3aBHCHMOCTb Me}KAy 9JIeMeHTaPHbIM COCTaBOM
yrJiSi H ero eCTeCTBeHHOIf (4JIOTHpyeMOCTMO (6e3 npHMeHeHHSI
peareHTOB). IIO Mepe yMeHb1UCHHH OTHOHIeHHSI KOJIH'-IeCTBa yrJie-
poAa K KHCJIOpOAy eCTeCT'BeHHaH (pJIOTHpyeMOCTb naAaeT. 3TO SIB-
JIeHHe HMeeT McCTO KaK AJTSI 6JIeCTHHZHX, TaK H Aim MaTOBbIX KOM-
nOHeHTOB yrJiell. CJIeAoBaTeJIbHO, qeM Menee MPTaMOp(pH3OBaH
yrOJlb, TeM 6onee 3HeprHqHble co6HpaTe.IH HeO6XOAHMO npH-
McHSITb. KaK 6JIeCTHHLHe, TaK H MaTOBble KOMIIOHeHTbI KOKCOBbIX
yr. efl JIyqwe (pJIOTHpYIOTCH B c.nyqae HpHMeHeHHH aKTHBHbIX CO-
6HpaTeneI3, tieM TaKHe we KOMHOHeHTbI ra30BbIX yrJieH. BJIecTH-
[uHe KOMHOHeHTbI (pJIOTHPYIOTCH 3Ha4IHTeJIbHO JIyqiue MaTOBbIX
yrJieH BCeX CTaAHI3 McTaMop(pH3Ma, HO oco6eHHO 6oJIbwa}I pa3-
nHua Ha6JIIoAaeTCH npH (kJIOTauMH ra30BbIX yrJIeI3, XITO n03BOJI%eT
OCYIueCTBHTb CeJIeKTHBHy1O (pJIOTaIHIO HeKOTOpbIX yrJlex no neTpo-
rpa4 wleCKOMy npH3HaKy.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
IIOJIYiIEHHE XHMH'IECKIX IIPOJWI TOB
H3 HEPBHiIHbIX F AMEHHOYI'OJIbHbIX CMOJI
METOJJAMH rHAPOrEHH3AI)(HH
HOB[ HEBbICORHM RABJIEHHEM
A. A.ICpn Ko, A.H.HgeJHHa,
JI. C. C0BeT0Ba, JI. H. HIaruHa
I-IepBH'IHble KaMeHHOyrOJIbHble CMOJIbI, noJlytialoluxecA npH
HH3KO- H cpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOH neperoHKe yrJIA, S1BJIHK)TCA ueH-
HOI1 CbIpbeBOH 6a301i A.nH npOH3BOA'CTBa pa3JIHqHbIX XHMH'IeCKHX
coeAHHeHHfl, B OCHOBHOM apo aTHLIeCKoro XapaKTepa - (eHOJIOB,
6eH30JIa, TOJIyovna, KCHJIOJIOB, Haq)TaJIHHa H ero rOMOJI'OrOB, He-
O6XOAHMbIX aim pa3BHTH51 IPOH3B0ACTBa njlaCTMacc, HCKyccTBeH-
Horo BOJIOKHa, MOIOLuHX cpeACTB.
Cy1ueCTByIOH1He npOMbIIIIJIeHHble McTOAbI rHaporeHH3aIXHOHHON
nepepa60TKH CMOJI RDA BbICOKHM RaBJIeHHeM (300-700 ant),
OpIIeHTHpOBaHHble B OCHOBHOM Ha nOJIytieHHe MOTOpHbIX TOnJIHB,
He HaiIJIH IIIHPOKOI'O npHMeHeHHA BBHAy BbICOKOI3 CTOHM'OCTH
noJlytiaeMbIX npOAyKTOB.
B Jla6opaTOpHH rHAporeHH3auHH I4HCTHTyTa roplOtlHX HCKOnae-
Mblx AH CCCP npOBOAHTCA Hcc.neAoBaHHA no pa3pa6oTKe KOM-
6HHHpOBaHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHIIeCKHX cxeM rHAporeHH3a9l-IOHHoro
npeBpalueHHA )KHAKHX npOAyKTOB fHpOJIH3a yr.IA nOA HeBbI-
COKHM J.[aBJIeHHeM - AO 100 aTa - B ueHHble xHMmIeCKHe npo-
JjyKTbl.
rlpeJ[MeTOM HaCTOSIH.Iero COO61ueHH51 ABJIAIOTCA pe3yJlbTaTbl,
no.lygeHHble npH nepepa6oTKe CMOJIbI CpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOrO
nOJIyKOKCOBaHHH tIepeMXOBCKHX yrJleN.
Ilepepa6oTKa CMOJIbI 3aKJIK)tlaeTC5I B noJIy4eHHH AHCTHJIJIATa
C TeMnepaTypOI3 KHneHHSI A o 360? 11 OCTaTKa. OCTaTOK HCnOJIb-
3yeTCH B KaqeCTBe CBA3yIon ero npH 6pHKeTHpOBaHHH KaMCHHb1X
yrJIeII HJIH J(JIH npHrOTOBJIeHHA BJIeKTPOJ[HOrO KOKca. B noCJIeAHeM
cJlytIae }KHAKHe npOAYKTbI KOKCOBaHHA neKa nepepa6aTbIBaIOTcH
BMeCTe C AHCTHJIJISITHbIMH CJpaKLI,nAMH CMOJIbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
143 AHCTHJIJIHTHbIX 4 paKLHI3 BbiAeJiIIOTCH (peHOJIu, HeHTpaJIb-
Hble KHCJIOp'OAHble coeAHHeHHSI, a30THCTble OCHOBaHHH B KOJIHLIeCTBe
12-15% OT Beca CMOJIbi, KOTOpble HOCJIe OLIHCTKH 06bILIHbIMH
McTOAaMH CJIy)KaT CbIpbeM Aim HPOH3BOACTBa fJIaCTM3CC, q)JIOTO-
peareHOB, nJIaCTH4 HKaTopoB, allTHKOpp03HIgHbIX Ao6aBOK H Ap.
Pa(kHHaT nOABepraeTCSI rHApOOLIHCTKe fOA AaBJleHHeM 40 aTM
HaA aJIIOMOKo6aJIbTMOJI.H6AaTHbIM KaTaJIH3aTOpoM.
143 rHApOreHH3aTa BbIAeJIHK)TCB HOPMaJIbHble napa4)HHbI Me-
TOAOM KOMnJIeKCoo6pa3OBaHHH C Kap6aMHAOM. llapa(pHHbI MOT
6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbl B KaLIeCTBe CblpbI npH npOH3BOACTBe MOIOLU$X
cpeACTB, npHrOTOBJIeHHH Kpa'COK H JleKapCTBeHHbIX npenapaTOB.
OCTaTOK rHAPoreHH3aTa, COCTO$HiZHl3 B OCHOBHOM H3 CoeAHHeHHFi
apoMaTHLIeCKOro H rHApoapoMaTHLIeCKoro xapaKTepa, KHnsIH;Hx
B npeAe.nax 170-360?, noABepraeTCH nepepa6oTKe BO BTOpoc
CTyneHH npouecca rHAporeHH3auuH noA AaBJIeHHeM Ao 100 aTM
c nOJlyLIeHHeM 6eH3owIa, TOJIyoJIa, KCHJIOJIOB, Haq)TaJIHHa, a- H
R-McTHJIHaq)TaJIHHOB, apoMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX paCTBOpHTeJIeI-I B KOJIH-
LIeCTBe 15-20 % Ha cMOJIy, BbICOKOOKTaHOB0r0 6eH3HHa - OKOJIO
15 %, - H CbIpbH AJIH noatyLleHHH nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIX BenjeCTB
B KOJIHLIeCTBe 15-20%.
O61uHH pacxoA BOAOPOAa Ha nepepa6oTKy CMOJIbI COCTaBJISIeT
2-2,5%, HTO B HeCKOJIbKO pa3 McHbuie, LIeM Tpe6yeTcH npH nepe-
pa6OTKe no cyH>,ecTByloLUHM npoMbnn.IeHHbIM cxeMaM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
HOBbIE METO)JbI HPOH3BORCTBA BOAOPOAA
HA OCHOBE TBEPRbIX TOHJII'IB
B. B. JIe6CAeB
(Hncrur,T eopro*iux ucsonaembix AH CCCP, Mocicea)
IIpo611eMa no.nyueHn I AeuleBoro BoLOpoaa B BbICOKOnbOH3B0-
JLHTeJIbHbIX arperaTax HBJIHeTCH Ba)KHOH HapOAHOX03HHCTBeHHOH
3aAageH. f1ep-CneKTHBHbIMH McTOAaMH noilyLIeHHSI Bouapoaa MOT
6bITb HenpepbIBHble npoueccb, OCHOBaHHble Ha BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH
CMeIIIaHHbIX KOHTaKTOB, B COCTaBe KOTOpbIX HaXOAHTCB OKHCb
}KejIe3a, AeUIeBbIMH ra30BbIMH HJIH TBep,LbIMH BOCCTaHOBHTeJIHMH
C noCJIeAyIOIUHM OKHCJIeHHeM HX napoM.
HaMH npHBeAeHbl pe3yJIbTaTbI H3yYeHH5I KHHeTHKH BoCCTaHOBH-
TeJIbHOH 4 a3bI McTaJIJIO-napOBoro npouecca noJly~leHHSl BoAopoza
C HCnOJIb3oBaHHeM ra3oBOro H TBepAOrO BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH, KHHe-
THKH OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH (4a3bl 3THX npouecCOB (Ha }Ke.Ie3e H cmeulaH-
HbIX KOHTaKTax), a TaK>Ke TexHOJIOTHYeCKHe CXeMbI HOBbIX Henpe-
pbIBHbIX McTOAOB nOJIyqeHH I BOAOpoAa c npHMeHeHHeM B KatIeCTBe
BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH KOKCa 6ypblX yrJleH H B03AymHoro reHepaTOp-
Horo ra3a, pa3pa6OTaHHble B HHCTHTTTe roploqHx HCKOnaeMblx
AH CCCP.
H en pep BIB HbI ii McTaJIJIO - napOBOH M cTOA nOJIy-
,IeHHH BoAOpoAa c ra30BbIM BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeM.
HaiAeHO, TITO npHMeHeHHe CMeulaHHbIX KOHTaKTOB (Fe203, Na2O)
3c1x eKTHBHO AJISI HH3KOTeMnepaTypHOro BbICOKOnpOH3BOAHTeJIb-
Horo McTaJIJIo-napoBoro npouecca noJIyteHHH BoAopoAa (t = 450-
500?) .
H3yrleHHe KHHeTHKH BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHOH H OKHCJIHTeJIbHOH #3
npouecca n03BOJIHJIO pa3pa60TaTb TexHOJIOrHTIeCKYIO cxeMy He-
npepbIBHOrO McTOAa noJlygexnSI Bo,ILopo.rLa c npHMeHeHHeM B Ka-
ilecTBe BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeH 6aJIJIaCTHbIx ra3oB (B03AyIUHbIA, reHepa-
TOpHbIH, AOMeHHbIH, nOA3eMHOH ra3Hc HKauHH H AP.), KOTOpaH
,6brJla onpO6oBaHa Ha yKpyHHeHHOH yCTUHOBKe.
BOOCTaHOBHTeJIbHaI H OKHCJIHTeJIbHaI 4)a3bI npouecca npoao-
JLHJIHCb B pa3Hblx annapaTaX B KHfHIueM cJloe c ILHpKyJIAgHeH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
McJIK03epHHCToro KOHTaKTa Me}KJjy annapaTaMH no CJIeAyx)LUHm
peaKUHSIM:
MeO + H2 (CO) -> Me + H2O (CO2),
Me ? H2O --> MeO + H2.
YCTOI-IqHBbII3 cTauHonapxbII3 npouecc npoTexajl, eCJIH CTaAH}
BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH npOAoJDKaeTCH 10 MHH. (t = 480?), a cTajHH
OKHCJIeHHH - 2 MHH. (t = 450?). IlpH 3TOM nPOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTb
npouecca no B0JI0 0 y ,TocTHra.na 4,0 J.t3/uac c 1 ica 3arpy3KH,
a CTenexb pa3JIo}KeHHH napa - 72 %. CTeneHb HCnOJIb3oBaHH5I
OKHCH yrJiepoia B ra3e BOCCTaHOBHTeJIH COCTBBJIHJIa 40%. B KO-
HetIHOM ra3e OCTaBa.nOCb Ao 22,6% OKHCH yrJlepoAa, IITO H03BO-
JIHJIO npeAycMOTpeTb B TeXHOJIorwIeCKOII cXeMe npoMbILIIJIeHHOro
6HHyHeHHx BoAOpo,i a nojjaqy oCTaTogHoro ra3a Ha ra30BYIO Typ-
Y?
BOAopojj, noJIy'IeHHblfi npH pa60Te Ha yKpynHeHHOf3 yCTaHOBKe,
B Cpe)jHeM coAep}Kaji go 0,5% OKHCH yr.nepoaa. Pa3pa6oTaHHbIfI
McTOA OTJIHqaeTCH OT cylueCTByIOLUHX p1Ij1OM BbIrOAHbIX oco6eHHO-
CTef%: KOMnaKTHOCTbIO yCTaHOBKH, 6oJIbIHeI3 HpOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTbIO,
BbICOKOfi CTeneHblO HCHOJIb3oBaHHSI CbIpbH; Kp0Me Toro, HOJIy4eHHe
BoAopoja ocyu eCTBJISIeTCSI npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax (450-480?).
143 TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHYeCKHX HccJIeAOBaHHfi pa3pa6oTaHHoro,
McTOAa CJIeAyeT, XITO CTOHMOCTb BOROpOAa, fOJIytIeHHOro HO HO-
BOMY McTOAy, HH}Ke CTOHMOCTH BOAOpOAa, npOH3BOAHMOrO CJIej(yIO-
n1,HMH npoMbIIHJIeHHbIMH cnoco6aMH.
HenpepblBHbIrI }KeJIe3O-napOBOfI McTO,q noJly-
,IeHHH BoAopoAa C TBepAbIM BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeM.
H3ytleHHe KHHeTHKH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH OKHCJIOB }KeJIe3a n03BOJIHJIO
pa3pa6o'raTb TeXHojlorHgecKyio cXeMy HenpepbIBHOrO }KeJIe3O-
napo oro McToAa HoJIytleHHH BOAOpoAa B CTauHOHapHOM CJIOe
C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM McJIK03epHHCTbIX OKHCJIOB }KeJIe3a (4 paKUHH
0,25-0,5 Aim) H KOKCa H nOJIYKOKCa 6ypblX yrllefl (cppaxgHH
0,25-3,0 Mm).
CTerIeHb HcriOJIb3OBaHH51 nOJIYKOKCa COCTaBJIHeT 44%, H B TeX-
HoJrorHLIeCKOft exeMe npouecca npeJlycMaTpHBaeTCH AaJlbHefliuee
npJMeHeHHe nwJIyKOKca aim ra3HClHKaUHH B KHHHHZeM CJloe; nOJIy-
,ieHHbll3 ra3 HanpaBJIHeTCH Ha o6orpeB annapaTOB.
IZpouecc fOCTPOeH Ha HenpepblBHOfI UHpKYJIHUHH OKHCH }KeJIe3a
B annapaTax. B BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHbIfI anHapaT BBOAHTCH OKHCb
}KeJIe3a H 1OJIYKOKC HTaTCKOFO yrJIH H3 pa3HbIX 6yHKepOB, KOTO-
pble 06orpeBalOTCH UHPKYJIHpyK)LUHM ra30M, no iygaeMbIM B BOC-
CTaHOBHTeJIbHoM arinapaTe H HCHOJIb3yeMOM KaK TenJIOHOCHTeJIb.
OKHCb xceJie3a H HenpopearHposaBLHHH nOJIYKOKC noAalOTCSI
B OKHCJIHTeJlbnblft anHapaT, rAe npoHCxojiHT 06pa3OBaHHe BOAO-
poAa, coAep}KaLuero He 6o.nee 0,4% OKHCH yrJlepoAa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
floc.ne OKHCJIHTe.nbHOIO annapaTa peax1HOHHa I cMecb noCTy-
naeT B MaFHHTHbIH cenapaTOp, oijjejiHK)IuHII OKHCb }KeJIe3a, KOTO-
pasl nOTOKOM uHpxyJn1pyloujero ra3a Hari paBJISIeTCH CHOBa B 6yH-
Kep.
IIOJIy4eHHbIu B BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHOM annapaTe ra3 HMeeT c.me
AyIOI LHII COCTaB: H3 KOKca HTaTexoro yrJla: C02-20,9%; CO-
71,25 %; H2-7,35%; H3 HO.nyxoxca HTaTexoro yrJlsl: CO2 -
16,45%; CO -66,20%; H2 - 17,35%.
Pa3pa6oTaFIHbII3 McTOJL oTJIHgaeTCH OT Bcex cyLaecTByIOIwiX.
BO3MOMKHOCTbIO HCHOJIb3OBaHH51 B Ka-IeCTBe BOCCTaHOBHTeJIH ,Ijeiue-
BbIX TBep,bIX MHOP03OJlbHbIX TOHJIHB, LITO 3Ha4HTeJIbHO y,elueBHT
noiIyilaeMblll BOAOpOJj. l-lpOH3BOJjHTeJIbHOCTb npouecca (5,57 i3
H21'iC'C C 1 NO 3arpy3KH) B HeCKOJIbKO AeCHTKOB pa3 npeBblffiaeT
npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTb nepHO.AHtIecKoro }KeJte3o-napOBoro npouecca.
HOBble McTOAbI nOJIy4IeHH5I BoAopoAa XapaKTepH3yIoTC51 KOM-
naKTHOCTbIO yCTaHOBOK, BbICOKOII npOH3BO,i[HTeJIbHOCTb1O H MoryT
HaI3TH npHMeHeHHe Ha npeAnpHMTHHX XHMHLIeCKOII H MaCJIOxcHpO-
BoI3 npoMbIIHJIeHHOCTH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KJIACCH(DHRAIIIf1 YPJIEII,
OCHOBAHHAfI HA PA3JIWIHH MX XHMHWIECKOIVI
HPHPOAbI
H. K. RaOHOTOB, C. ii. Ilan ieaxo
(Bocrowhbau uaykMO-uccAe8oeare.xbc,uu yenexuuuiecicuu uncruryr,
Ceep8Aoec,)
Pe3yJIbTaTbI HccJIeAOBaHHf3 H TeXHOJIOrH4eCKHX HCnbITaHHH
-6o.nee 1400 npo6 KaMeHHbIX yriieI3 pa3HbIX 6acceI-IHOB CCCP, no-
JlyqeHHbIX B BYXI4He, y6e)KAafoT, LITo eAHHCTBeHHOII OCHOBOIf AJIA
pa3pa6OTKH HaH60Jiee LfeTKOI3 KJIaCCH(JHKaUHH yrafe!f Bcex 6acceK-
HOB no HX TeXHOJIOr}1 CKHM CBOI%ICTBaM (B OTHOHIeHiIH HX IjeH-
HOCTH He TOJIbKO AJIH HPOH3BOACTBa KOKca, HO H AJISI ApyrHx
BHAOB HCnOJIb3OBaHHH) CJIy}KaT AaHHble 3JfeMeHTapHOro aHaJIH3a,
,oTpaxcafoujHe XHMHTieCKYIO HPHPOAy yrJief3, eCJIH npHMeHSITb OAH-
HaKOBble H OnpeAeJIeHHble YCJIOBH5I HX HccJIeAOBaHHSI.
Pa3pa6OTaHHasI Ha OCHOBe OnpeAeJIeHHbIX TeopeTHieCKHX no-
JIO)KeHHff KJIaCCH(JHKaIjHOHHa5 AHarpaMMa nOCTpoeHa Ha 3aBHCH-
MOCTH cneAyforg x AByX OTHOIIIeHHf3 3JIeMeHTOB opraHH4eCKOON
MaCCbI H nHpHTHOf4 cepbI yr.fef3 (B Bec, %) :
H?100 0
Y = C + 0,5Sop+ 0,5S,,P H X = H+0,5Sap
3axoxoMepxoe pacnoJlo}KeHHe yriiei B AaHHOfI KoopAHHaTHOH
CHCTeMe n03BOJIHJIO yCTaHOBHTb, WO JII06oI3 HOKa3aTeJIb TeXHOJIO-
rHtie'CKHX CBOHCTB yriief%I onpeAeJIHeTCSI rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM CJIeAyIo-
IIjHMH (paKTopaMH: neTporpa( jilieCKHM COCTaBOM, CTaAHef3 McTa-
MOp(pH3Ma H CTeneHbIO OKHCJIeHHH HJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH, KOTOpble
O6yCJIOBJIHBaIOT pa3JIHin4e gaHHbIX 3JIeMeHTapHOro aHaJIH3a,
a cJIeAOBaTeJfbno, H xHMHiICCK IO npHpoay yr.neff.
BbIHBJIeHHble 3aKOHOMepHOCTH H3MeHeHHH CBOKCTB yrJfer no a
BJIH}rHHeM 9THX (paKTOPOB (O(popMJIeHHbfe B BHAe CneUHaJlbHbIX
rpa(pHKoB) nOMOrJIH pa3AeJIHTb Ha KJIaCCH4 HKaIZHOHHOH AHarpaM-
Me yrJIH Bcex 6aCCeIfHOB Ha KJIaccbI, rpynnbf H nQArpynnbI. 9TO
AeJIeHHe npOH3BeaeHO no CJIeAyIOnjHM npH3HaKaM:
a) no CnOCO6HOCTH AaBaTb npH HHAHBHAYaJIbHOM KOKCOBaHHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
KyCKOBOH KOKC TOR HJIH HHOR COnpOTHBJIHeMOCTH Apo65ILuHM H
HCTHpax)LUHM yCHJIHSIM;
6) no noBeAeHHIO yrJiei B CMeCHX npH KOKCOBaHHH KaK O}KHp-
H5IIOLUHX HJIH OTOIUaIOIILHX KOMnOHeHTOB;
B) no B03MO>KHOCTH coLIeTaHHSi HX B CMeCHX Aim nOJIy4eHH5l
HaH6oJlee npOLIHorO KOKca.
K.naccH(4HxauHOHHasi ILHarpaMMa MO}KeT CJ1 )KHTb TaK}Ke B
Kagecme IIHXTOBOgHOii, n03BOJlsuo ILeH noA6HpaTb AByx-, TpeX-
KOMHOHeHTHble CMecH ymeH, o6ecnegHBaIOLUHe npH onpeAe.ieHHbIX
yCJIOBHSIX no iyLIeHHe KOKCa 3ai(aHHoro KaqecTBa, H npeayraAbisaTb
B03MO}KHOe KaLIeCTBO KOKCa H3 CMecei 3aaaHHOrO COCTaBa.
CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb TaK}Ke, LITO pa3pa6OTaHHaSI KJIaCCH()HKa-
-UHOHHaSI CHCTeMa OXBaTbIBaeT He TOJIbKO KaMeHHble yFJIH BCeX
6acceHHOB, HO H BCe HHble BH,ILbl ropiotlxx HCKonaeMblX, 3aKOHO-
MepHoe pacnoJlo)KeHHe KOTOpbIX AaeT B03MO}KHOCTb caeJIaTb PHA
fpHHUHHHaJlbHO Ba}KHbIX BbIBOAOB 0 reHe3HCe pa3JIHLIHbIX roplO-
iIHX HCKOnaeMblx.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
BbICOI{OHPO13BOA14TEJIbHbIE HPOI1ECCbI
CHHTE3A H3
B. H. Kpyr mHK0B, H. B. PanonopT, A. B. BonMHcuRfi,
B. B. My30BCHHIi
(Bcecon)anbau nayqno-ucc.teOoearenbcnua UKCTUTyr no nepepa6orNe uey5rio
u za3a u nonyuenuro ucrcyccreennozo XUOY02o ronAuoa, Mocnea)
PeaKUHH CHHTe3a yrneBo,uopoua H3 CO H H2 npoTexaeT C Bbl-
JJeJIeHHeM 3Ha4HTeJibnoro xoJIHgecTBa TenJIa. TeMnepaTypHN HH-
TepBaJi peaxuHH orpaHwIeH, BCJIeACTBHe tlero OTBOJL TenJla, Bb1-
JjeJIsHoLgerocH B 30He peaxuHH, HBJIHeTCH Ba)KHO9 TexHOJIOrHmeCKO}I
npo6JIeMOit. ,LI;JIH coxpaneHHSI aonyCTHMbIX nepenaAOB TeMnepaTyp
n0 BbICOTe H ceLIeHHIO peaKUHOHHOro npOCTpaHCTBa Heo6xoAHMa
pa3pa6oTKa 3(p(xeKTHBHbIX McTOJjOB TenJIOOTBOJia. OJ[HHM H3 HaH-
6onee COBeplueHHbIX McTOAOB yMeHbiueHHH nepena.iia TeMnepaTyp-
B c.loe xaTaJIH3aTopa HBJIHeTCH BeAeHHe KaTaJIHTHLIeCKO peaxuHH
B nceBJjOO]KH}KeHHOM c.noe KaTaJIH3aTOpa. HpH 3TOM ynpoiuaeTCH.
KOHCTPyxuHH peaxTopa, paAHaJlbnble H oceBble nepenaJibl TeMne-
paTyp CHH}KaIOTCH AO MHHHMyMa H Hmmot-laeTCx Bo3MO}KHOCTb
MecTHbIx neperpeBOB. OJ[HaKO BeJReHHe npouecca B nceB ioo?KH}KeH-
HOM CJIOe HCKJIIOtIaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb CHHTe3a BbICOKOKHnHIuHX
TBepJiblX napa44HHOBbIX yr.IeBOAopoaO.B H3-3a onaCHOCTH arJloMe-
pauHH t1acTHu KaTaJIH3aTOpa H HapyIHeHHH COCT051HHH nceBJi004KH-
]KeHHH.
CHHTe3 yrJIeBOaOPOAOB C BbICOKHM MOJIBKYJIHPHbIM BeCOM He-
o6XOJ[HMO OCyUueCTBJISITb Ha CTauHOHapHOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe B peaK-
TOpaX KO]KyXO-Tpy6tlaToro THna. HHTeHCHBHbIii OTBOA TenJla ri'
CHH]KeHHe pajHaJlbHOro H OCeBOfO nepenaaa TeMnepaTyp 3Aecb
MOrYT 6bITb AOCTHFHYTbI HYTeM yBeJIH.IeHHH JIHHei3HOI3 CKOPOCTH
ra3a (npHMeHeHHe UHPKYJIHIHH H yseJIHIIeHHe BbICOTbI peaxTopa)
H npHMeHeHHeM PeKTH4 HKaUHOHHOiI CHCTeMbI oxJIa3KJieHH51.
HaMH pa3pa6oTana McTO,LHKa BeJieHHH npouecca H Hailuenbl
YCJIOBHH CHHTe3a yrJIeaoj opOAOB H3 CO H H2 Haji nceB.uOO}KH}KeH-
HbIM H CTaUHOHapHbIM 3KeJIe3HbIM KaTaJIH3aTOpOM.
B pe3yAbTaTe TeopeTHtieCKOiI H 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHOI3 pa3pa--
60TKH npO6JIeMbI CHHTe3a H3 CO H H2 BnepBble B CCCP ocynie-
CTBJIeH BbICOKOHpOH3BOJ I1TeJIbHbIfi npouecc CHHTe3a Ha }KeJIe3HOM
KaTaJIH3aTOpe B HCeBJ[OO)KH}KeHHOM H CTaLHOHapHOM cJloe Ha nH-
JIOTHbIX yCTaHOBKax. IIoKa3aHa BO3MO}KHOCTb aJIHTeJIbHOfl CTa-
6HJIbHOlI pa60TbI KaTaJIH3aTOPOB B yCJIOBHHX BbICOKOnpOH3BOJiH-
TeJIbHOrO npouecca.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
A. A. IleTpoB, E. II. KannaH, 0. M. He4 eAoB, M. A. LIeJIb-
U 0 B a. CBOI1CTBa HHAHBHAyaJlbHbIX noJIHUHxnH4eCKHX yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB pa3JIH'IHbIX THROB CTpyKTypbl H COCTaBa C18 - C40 . . 3
T. H. MacJIHHCKHH, B. A. Ko6eJleB, H. P. BypcHaH, M. H.
P bI C K H H. KaTaJIHTH4eCKaM H30MepH3auHA napa(4HHOBbIX yrne-
BoAOpOAOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
,JI. M. Ko1HejIeBa, C. J1. MexTxeB, B. (D. IIHHIHaMa33aAe,
W. 3. 3 l 6 a T O B a, (D. A. r a iI H M O B a. BbwAeneHHe uHKJIareK-
caHa H ero 6JlH)Kalia1Hx roMOnorOB H3 6eH3HHa 6aKHHCxoi He4 TH 8
A. 3. aoporogHHCKHH, B. H. JlaBpeHTbeB, A. B. JIIOTep,
H. n. McJIbHHKOBa, B. A. KynpHHHOB. CHHTe3 H CBOH-
cTBa Ha(?TeHOBbIx yrneBoAOpOAOB C AJIHHHOH 60KOBOH uenbIO . . 10
JI H F y ,a H - H A H b, M. F. r 0 H H K 6 e p r. FoMoreHHoe AeMeTHJIHpo-
BaHHe Kpe30nOB . . . . ? . ? . . . . . 12
10. 11. XMenbHHUKHH, K. H. 3HMHHa, A. A. IlansKOBa,
B. M. H H K H T H H a. PaAHOJIH3 pa3JIH9HbIX THIIOB yrneBOAOpoAOa 14
X T. P a y A c e n n. McTOA HccJleAaaaHHR COCTaBa cyMMapHWX 4)eHO-
JIOB cMOJI TepMHHecKOH nepepa60TKH TBepAblx TOHJIHB . . . . . 16
A. R. A a p H a. 0 TepMH9ecKoM pa3JIoxceHHH roplogIHx cJlaHueB . . . 18
A. C.'OMHH.a, A. g. IIo6ynb, 3. A. L1erTepeBa. XHMHVeCKaH
npHpoAa KeporeHa npH6aJITHHCKOro ropmero cJIaHUa KyxepcHTa
H HOBbIH nyTb ero HCnOnb3OBaHHA . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
B. fl. (DeiopoB, 51. JI. FOJIbAq)ap6, F. H. FopywwKHHa.
0 CoCTaBe coeAHHeHHH psAa 6eH3ona H TH04)eHa B JIerKHX 4)paK-
UHAX CMOJIbI TepMH4eCKOro pa3n01KeHH51 cpeAHeBoJDKCKHX CJ1 HUeB
CaBenbeBcxoro MecTopo}KAeHHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
A. A. K p y r a H K O B. 0 BblAeaeHHH H HCnOnb3OBaHMH AByxaToMHbIx
(peHOJIOB nOnyKOKCOBBHHA H rHAporeHH3aUHH 4epeMxOBCKHx yrnel 25
4'. 1 . C a n p bI K H H. IlpxpO LHHe xap6HAbI ypaxa B MarMaTH4eCKHX
KpHCTannH9ecxnx nopoAax H HX pOJIb B o6pa30BaHHH He(4TH H
6HTyMOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
137
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M. .TI H C H H. K BOnpOCy 0 3aKOHOMepHOCTBX npouecca KOKCOBaHHM
yrneH . . .
A. M. K y p H HI K 0. JIHrHHTbI 3'aKapnaTb5l, HX COCTaB H nyTH HCnOJIb-
30BaHH51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
H. C. r p 513 H 0 B. K TeopHH cnexaHHH yrne1 . . . . . . . . . 34
C. C. J1 p a r y H 0 B. XHMHIIeCKag npHpOAa ryMHHoBbIx KHCJIOT . . . 36
B. E. PaKOBCKHH, M. M. )KypaBJleBa, B. C. r103H39K,
M. A. PaKOBcxa$, JI. B. fIHryJIeBCKas, B. A. BaTypo.
XHMH$ npOUeCCOB o6pa30BaHHg ryMyCOBbiX TOnJIHB . . . . . 34
E. H. JI O C K y T O B a. KOKCOBaHHe yrneH c Ao6aBKaMH opraHHyecKHx
BeuzecTB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B, A. 0 H y c'a N T H c. KOJIJIOHJ[HO-XHMHgeCKHe OCHOBbI npouecca o6pa-
30BaHHH KaMeHHOyrOJIbHOrO KOKCa . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,
E. M. T a H g, H. ,i(. C e A o B a. Bypbie H Hecnexalo1 1ecg xaMeHHbie
yrJIH H HX oxycxoBaHne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.
Fl. H. KaHaBeu, FL. H. McJIeHTbeB, A. 3. CIIOpHyC. XHMHKO-
KaTaJIHTH9eCKHiI McTOA OKyCKOBaHHH TOHKOH3MeJlbgeHHbIJ( IUIIXTO-
BWX MaTepH,aJIOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A. 3. 10 p 0 B C K H R. HOBbie npHHUH'nbi 06oralgenlB TBepAbix rOpIo lHX
HCXOnaeMbix H KOMHJIeKCHOr0 HCHOJlb3OBaHHg MHHepaJlbHbIX KOM-
HOHeHTOB yrneH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
M. A. McHKOBCKHii, A. H. AnexcaH)jpoBa, K. 10. BOJIKOB,
C. A. POpAoH, JI. B. I7eTpoBCxaH. IepMaHHH H Hexoropbte
peAKHe H paCCeHHHble sJIeMeHTbI B yrne . . . . . . . . . . 54
H. r. fI e T p e H K O. FIpHMeHeHHe H30TOrIOB AJI5 H3y ieHHg XHMHYeCKHX
peax1HH ra30reHepaTOpHOrO npouecca . . . . . . . . . . 55
H. B. JI a B p O B. 06 OCHOBHbIX 3aKOHOMepHOCTBX npouecca nOJ(3eMHOA
ra3H(DHKaUHH yrae# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
B. (D. O p e iIl K o. KnaCCH4)HKagH5I KaMeHHbIX yrneH no CKJIOHHOCTH K
OKHCJIeHBIO H caMOB03ropaHH[O . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
B. C. A n b T to y n e p, I. A. III a cp H p. 0 Ilpouecce ra3006pa3oBa-
HHH npH ra3H(f HKagHH TBepAbIX TOnnHB lOA BbICOKHM AaBJIeHHeM 63
A? A. P y c 4 e B. K BOnpocy 0 cnexaeMOCTH yrneH . . . . . . . 65
A. C. B p y x, 3. A. B 0 A K O B a, r. Ii. r e it A, P. E. JI e A 6 o B H Y.
0 KaTaJIHTH9eCKOM aefCTBHH pa3nH'IHbIX Be1UeCTB npH ?rHpoJIH3e
CJO)KHbIX OpraHHlieCKHX BeU. eCTB (KaMeHHbMX yrnei) . . . . . 6T
T. A. K y x a p e H K o. OKHCJIHTenbHag AeCTpyKUHH HCKonaeMblx yrneil
KaK McTOA HO3HaHHB HX CTpyKTypbI H KnacCH(pHKagHH . . . . 70
)(. T. 3 a 6 p a M H bI ff. 0 inpOTHBOpe9HBX B TOJKOBaHHM YCJIOBHH o6pa-
3oB,aHH31 6ypbwX H KaMeHHBIX yrneft . . . . . . . . . . . 73
C. P. CeprHeHKo, E. B. JIe6eAeB, A. A. MHXHOBCKaB. Ho-
Bbie AaHHbie o cTpyKType BbicoKOMonexyngpHbIx yrneBOAOpOAOB
Heq)TH . . . . . . . . . 76
B. H. H c a r y n g H iz, B. H. T H in K O B a. HaylHbte OCHOBbI CHHTe3a
anKHJI- H apHJl4IenoJIbHWx npHCa.oic K MHHepanbnbIM MacJIaM H
MOTOpHbIM TOHJIHBaM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
138
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
T H. H a p bI III K H H a, H. H. III Y H K H H. ,UerHAporeHH3agHH neHTa-
McTHJIeHOBblx yrJleBOAOpOAOB B npHCYTCTBHH nnaTHHHpOBaHHOro
yrJIH . . . . . . .
r. A. r-aJibnepH, H. H. Ee3HHrep, E. H. KapayJloBa,
B. r. J1 Y K b H H H u a. 0 npHpoAe cep a- H a30TOpraHHHeCKHX CO-
eAHHeHHIi He4)TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
C. JI. F y C H H C K a H. A30THCTbie coeAHHeHHH IORCaOy36eKHCTaHCKHx
He4Tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
H. M. A P T 10 x o B. HOBbNFi cnoco6 KOHB CHH yrxe,BOAop0AOB C npH-
McHeHHeM )KeJle3a xaK nepeHOCIIHKa KHCJIOpOAa . . . . . . . 8T
A. A. 17oJIHK0Ba, K. H. 3HMRHa, P. A. XMeAbHHI;KHA. Macc-
cneKTpoMeTpHVeCKHli McTOA onpeAeJIeHHH cTpyKTypno-rpynnoaoro
cocTaBa 6eH3HHOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,
M. A. P H In e H A e B a, X. M. M H H a ti e B. IlpeBpaujeHHH yrJleBOAO-
POAOB Ha peHHFI-rJIHH03eMHOM KaTaJIH3aTOpe B yCJIOBHHX noBblllleH-
HbIX TeMnepaTyp H AaBJ1eHHH BoAopoaa . . . . . . . . . . 9a
H. F. B e K a y p H, H. H. HI y 1i K H H. KOHTaKTHO-KaTaJIHTH4eCKHe npe-
BpalueHHH HOPMaJIbHbIX aJIKaHOB, BXO?AHnjHX B KepOCHHO-ra3oliJle-
Byio 4)paKAHIO He4)TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.
M. A. r e A M a H, A. 51. JI a p H H. Ilo lytieHHe alHOHHbIX noBepxHoCT-
Ho-aKTHBHbIX BenjeCTB H3 He()TH, He()THHbIX, 6ypoyrOJlbHbIX, CJIaH-
ueBblX H TOp(PHHbIx AHCTHJIJIHTOB . . . . . . . . . . . . 9T
A. A. M e JI b H H K 0 B, A. (D. ii JI a T 9. CH1HTe3 aTaliOHHbIx yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB AJIH HCCJIe1 oBaHHH JIHrPOHHO-KepOCHHOBbIX 4)paKUHr4 1,2-AH-
3aMelueHHble uHKJIOneHTaHbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99'
,L . H. 3 y JI b 4) y r a p JI bi. MHKpO3JIeMeHTbI He(1)Teli A3ep6aliAxcana . 102
JI. rl. K y JI a'B, B. U. JI o n a T H H C K H H. (DapMaJlbuerHAHb1H cnoc06
pa3AeJleHHH OCHOBHbIX KOMrIOHeHTOB cbiporo alTpaueHa H HeKOTO-
pble II TH HCnOJIb3oBaHHH Kap6a30JIa . . . . . . . . . . . 105,
C. H. XpoMOB, E. C. Ba.lIeHKOBa, H. A. CeHAoBa, B. A. Ka-
3 a H C K H A. KBTaJIHTHHeCKHe npeapaujeHHH 1,1-ABy3aMenueHHbix
yraeBOAOpouoB uHKJOreKCaHOBOrO pHAa . . . . . . . . . . 107
JI. A. M e JI H K a A 3 e. H3yveHHe 4)nyopecunpyIOlunx coe 10HeHHll He4).
TH c ueJIbIO HX HCnOJIb30BaHHH B ae4)eKTOCKOIIHH McTaIJIOB . . 110'
P. M. JI a r H A 3 e. CHHTe3bl MOAeJlbHb1X nOJIHUHKJIH9eCKHx yrJIeBOAO-
pOAOB He4)TH COCTaBa C16-C25 Ha 6a3e aueTHJIeHOBbIX rJIHxoJlell 117
B. B. K JI H M e H 0 K. ,aenap,a4)HHH3aUHH He4)THHbIX AHCTHJIJIHTOB BoA-
HbIM paCTBOPOM Kap6aMHAa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
U. r. HrOHHH, M. r. MHTp04)aHOB, H. a. jjeCHTOBa,
B. H. 3 a B H A 0 B. IIOJIyiieHHe Ha4)TeHOBbIx KHCJIOT McTOAOM OKH-
cJIeHHH uHKJIOnapa4HHOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
H. II. MenbHHKOBa, A. 3. aoporo'IHHCKHfi, 0. H. CBeTO-
3 a p O B a. Co4eTaHHe XpoMaTOrpa4HiieCKOii aacop61HH C H36H-
paTeJIbH6IM rHApHPOBaHHeM nPH allaJIH3e AHCTHJIJIHTOB BTOpH4H0-
ro npOHCxoxcJeHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
M. K. ZbHKOBa, A. B. BOJIb-3niuTe1 H, H. A. ,IjaBTHH,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
M. H. )K'a P O B a. HCCJIeAOBaHHe CTPyKTyPbI BbICOKOKIInHlUHX (pe-
HOJIOB cpeAHeTeMnepaTypHOH cMOJIbI IepeMxoBCKHX yrJleli H ee >KHA-
Ko4Ia3HOro rHAporeHH3aTa H rHAporeHH3auxoHHa5i nepepa60TKa Hx
Ha ueHHble HH3nlne (peHOJIbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
K. K. TI e 6 e A e B. 0 cnHTe3e Her4UpOJIH3yeMblx BemeCTB B Top(pax 122
E A. HoBHIIKOBa, B. E. PaKOBCKHI, T. ,IZ. KoHOueBa,
(D. JI. KaraHOBH9, X. H. PHBKHHa. MexaHH3M TepMHVecxoH
AeCTpyKU11H H CHHTC3a KOKCa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
M. B. L H H e p 0 B H Ii, B. r. fl J1 10 C H H H. HOBble peal`eHTbI RJIH
(pJloraulH yrneH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
A. A. KpHVxo, 1Z. H. fleenHHa, TI. C. COBeTOBa, JI. H. IIIa-
r H H a. flony4eHHe XHMH4eCKHX HPOAYKTOB H3 nepBH4HbIX KBMeH-
HOyrOJIbHbIX CMOJI McTOAaMH rHAp0reHH3auHH H0A HeBbICOKHM
AaBJleHHeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
B. B. TI e 6 e A e B. HoBble McTOAb1 npoH3BOACTBa B0J 0 01 a Ha OCHOBe
TBepAbIX TOHJIHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
H. K. K n o n o T 0 B, C. H. fI a H q e H K 0. KnaccH4)HKauHB yrne#,
OCHOBaHH'aH Ha pa3JlH'IHH nX XHMHlleCKO11 nPHPOabl . . . . . . 134
B. 1. KpyrJIHKOB, H. B. PanonopT, A. B. BOJIb1HCKHA,
B. B. M y 3 0 B C K H H. BbICOKOnpoH3BoAHTenbHble npouecc i CHH-
Te3a H3 CCO H Hex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Pe,aaKTOpbI OprKOMnTera VIII McHAeJleeBCKoro c1be3Aa
M. H. MUTeAbMUH H B. H. XOMyToB
CAaHO B Ha6op 21X 1958 r. 17oAn. B nevaTb 271XI 1958 r. IDOpMaT 6yM. 60 x 9211,.
Rm it. 8,75. Ye.-H3A. JIKCT. 6,4 T-11973 THpaxc 3200 H3A. JA 3660 TKn. saK. 1010
Secnaameo
H3AaTeJ1bCTBO AKaAeMHK HayK CCCP. MOCKBa, flOA000eH.KKO nep., A. 21
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6
CTpa-
HHua
14 CH.
5 CB.
4 CH.
I CH.
A06aMeHHA
BoAopoAa -
yr.neBOAopoAOB
BbIHeceHHH
AaBJ1eHHA
BOAOpoAa yMeHbmaeTCA
yrJ1eBoAoB
BHeceHHA
2 CB.
7 CH.
600
H reKCaAeKaHa
6000
reKCaAeKaHa, reKTaAeKaHa
H OKTaAeKaHa
97
16 CH.
HpsMoreHHbie
HpAMorOHHbie
99
I CH.
Pt/C.Pb-vepHb
Pt/C, Pd-ZiepHb
101
9, 10 CH.
TpaHCH3oMepa
TpaHCH30MepOB
113
21 cH.
Pd/c
Pd/C
121
5 CB.
KaJibuHeaoro
KOJ1bI;eBOro
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO49200450001-6