ORGANIZATION, OPERATION AND PRODUCTION OF THE SPOLEK CHEMICAL COMBINE IN USTI AND LABEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A049700080001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 50
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 2, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 29, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.B.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY Czechoslovakia
SUBJECT Organization, Operation and Production DATE DISTR.
of the Spolek Chemical Combine in Usti
nad. Lab em NO. PAGES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE AC(
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(sketch
of the layout of.the plant in Usti iia(j Labem to which the legend in
the report pertains.
ARMY review completed.
STATE ARMY .XIAVY AIR
(Note: Washington distri
10 B
buton indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
AEC
JUL 1059
1+9
Q
0
25X1
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C-0-N-F-I-D--E-N-T-I-A-L
REPORT
DATE DISTR. 26 Junr 1955
SUBJECT Organization, Operation, and Production of NO. OF PAGES 49
the Spolek Chemical Combine in Usti nad Labem
COUNTRY Czechoslovakia
DATE OF INFORM
PLACE ACQUIRED
REFERENCES:
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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ORGANIZATION, OPERAT;ON1y AND PRODUCTION OF THE SPOLEK CHEMICAL COMBINE
IN USTI BAD LABEL, CZECHOSLOVAKIA (C)
Pam
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .~ 4
1. History of Spolek Chemical Combine. 5
2. The 1958 Reorganization of the Czechoslovak Chemical Industry . . . 5
Organization of the Spolek Chemical Combine at USTI NAD LAM . . . 6
a. Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
be Production Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
c. Construction and Maintenance Department . . . . . . . . . . 13
d. Power Department @ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
s. Administrative Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
f. Other Departments Probably Directly Subordinate to the Director 19
g. Supporting Organizations... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
he Party and Union Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4, auxiliary Plants . . . . . ., . . . . . . 23
as Nestemios Plant o . ? ? . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . ? 23
be Retenioe Plant . . . . . . . . 23
o. Roudnios Plant . . . . . . . . 23
d. Velvety Plant . . . . . . . . . . . ;. . . . ? . . . . ? . . . . 23
s. Duohoov Plant . . . . . . . . . . 23
f. Chabaroviae Plant . . . . . . . . 24
g. Boletioe Plant. . . . . . . . . . 24
h. Mnisok Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
is Krasne Brezno Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5. oduotion at the U st a&L,,,b.m slant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Trisodium Phosphate Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Superphosphate Production . . . . . . . . . 24
Nitrogen Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Solvents Plant Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cryolite Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Carbon Bisulfide Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Alizarin Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Triohloroethylene Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Ammonium Chloride Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hydrochloric Acid Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Sodium Sulfate Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Epiohlorohydrin Production. . . . . . 25
Synthetic Precious Stones Produotioh. . 26
Aso Dyestuffs Production . . . . ., . 26
Dye Intermediate Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Hydroxynaphthoio Acid Production 26
Beta-Naphthol Production. 26
Dian Production . . . . 26
Synthetic Resin Production. . . 26
Sulfur Dyestuff Production. . . . 27
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u. Sulfite Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
v. Soluble Amines Production. . . . . . . . . . 27
w. Ultrazoles Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? . ? ? ? . 27
x. Barium Chloride and Calcium Chloride Production. . . . . . . . . 27
y. Blanc Fix* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
z:, Sodium Fluoride, Ammonium Fluoride, and Barium Sulfate
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
aa. Tungetio Acid Production . . . . . . ? . . . . . ?.c-.. 28
bb. Sulfuric Acid Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
oo. Bleach Powder Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 28
dd. Liquid and Gaseous Chlorine Production . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 28
so. DDT and Chlora(l'Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ff. Ootadecylamine Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
gg. Solid Caustic Soda Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
hh. Magnesium and Zinc Chloride Production . . . . . . . 29 .0 4 ii. Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide Production. . . 29
jj. Calcium Chloride Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
kk. Potash Produotion. . . . . . . . . . . 29
11. Permanganate Production. . 30
mm. Artificial Manganese Dioxide Production* . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
nn. Anthraquinons Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
oo. Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide Produotion. . . . . . . 30
pp. Miscellaneous Information* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Annexes A through G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 31-49
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ORGANIZATION, OPERAT ON, AND PRODUCTION OF THE SPOIEK CHEMICAL COMBINE
IN USTI{ NAD LABEM, CZECHOSLOVAKIA (C)
oug ou 3 repor or
Listed below are the names and geographic and UTM coordinates of locations used
throughout this report. Coordinates are not shown for well-known locations.
Location
Geographic
UTM
BOLETICE
N50-44, E14-12
VS-4322
CHABAyy0VICE
N50-41, E13-56
VQ-8464
DUCHCOV
N50-36, E13-45
VS-1306
HROB
N50-40, E13-43
VS-0913
HRUSOV
N49-52, E18-18
CA-0527
KRA
LUPY
N50-14, E14-19
VR-5166
L
MNISEK
N50-38, E13-30
IVS-0332
NERATOVICE
N50-16, E14-31
vR-6668
NEATMICE
N50-40, E14-o6
VS-3614
NOVAKY
N48-43, E18-33
CU-2000
?I i(Ov
N49-27, E17-27
XQ-7781
RETENICE
N50-38, E13-49
VS-1511
ROUDNICE
N50-25, E14-15
VR-4786
1
RYBITVI
N50-03, E15-42
WR-5045
SOKOLOV
N50-11, E12-38
UR-3261
STREKOV
N50-39, E14-04
VS-3311
N50-399 E14-00
VS-2911
TURNOV
N50-35, E15-10
WS-1203
VL LV~TY
N50-36, E13-53
VS-2808
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1. History of, Spolek Chemical Combine
From 1936 until 1938,
S olek was a rivate corporation and was controlled by of Commerce
(ZivngstenakaBanka) in PRAGUE, which owned 51 percent of the stock. At this
time, Spolek consisted of several chemical plants in Czechoslovakia and foreign
countries.
During World War II, the Usti Nad Labem plant came under German control
and was later purchased by the Dresdner Bank and the IG Farben Industries for
three million crowns. This plant and a chemical plant at FALKENAU (former German
name, now called SOKOLOV) were incorporated and named Chemische Works Aussig-
Falkenau (Chemical Works Usti-Falknov). The Germans later separated the organic
chemistry department from the Usti Nad Labem plant and made it into a separate
unit called Farbenwerke-Aassig(Usti Dye Works). After the war, the plant reverted
to its original owner and the Usti Nadf, Labem plant was incorporated with chemical
plants at SOKOLOV, NERATOVICE, RYBITVI, HRUaOV,ZILIMA, and NOVAKY.
In 1948, the plant became the property of the State, and was renamed
Spolek pro Chemiokou a Hutni Vyrobu (Association for Chemical and Metallurgical
Products). In about 1950 the association was broken up and each plant was given
its own directorship, but was still controlled by the Ministry of Chemical Industry
r P GUE. At this time, all the chemical plants were renamed. The plant at
TI MAD LABEM was named Spolek pro Chemiokou a Hutni Vyrobu; the Sokolov plant
became Vlohodo-4eske Chemiokd Zdvody (East Bohemian Chemical Plants); the Hrusov
plant became ZLvod Dukia (named after the Dukla mountain pass through which the
Soviet Army entered Czechoslovakia during the'olosing days of World War II);
the Zilina plant became Povrskd Chemioke Z&vody (named for its location on the
Vah River); and the Novaky plant became Zivody Wilhel ftPiecka (Wilhelm Pieck
Plant).
after the 1958 reorganization of the Czechoslovak
25X1
chemica
l industry, the nam
es o6 some of the plants were to be changed again. For
example
the Hrusov plant would incorporate several nearby smaller
25X1
plants and. wou be renamed Moravskd,Chemickd Zavody (Moravian Chemical ,Works).
ld
VI
wou
the plants at USTI NAD LABEM, NERATOVICE, and RYBIT
retain their present names.
2. The 1958 Reorganization of the Czechoslovak Chemical Industry
the chemical industry
would be reorganized in 1958- n January , reorganization began.
According to official direotives, the purpose of the reorganization was
to increase efficiency and lower costs of production in the chemical industry by
centralizing plant management, which would in turn reduce the number of white-collar
workers and technicians in the industry. As an example of this, about 40 technicians
and about 60 white-collar workers were dismissed from) small plants which were placed
under the control of the Spolek Chemical Combine at USTf NAD LABEL. The reorgan-
ization was to plane the control and direction of small chemical plants under
larger plants within the same industrial areas.
00 /
frank our or five months.
the reorganization of plants in Moravia and Slovakia had not yet peen
coompieted.
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, As a result of the reorganization, the Spolek Chemical Combine plant at
USTI NAD LABEM received control and directorship of the following chemical plants:
Chemical Plant at NATTMICE - This plant produced soda ash as its main
product, but it also produced chromatee, detergents, soaps, calcium carbonates,
calcium chloride, and caustic soda.
Chemical Plant at RETENICE - This plant's only product was aluminum
Chemical Plant at ROUDNICE - This plant produced frits used in the
porcelain industry.
Chemical Plant at BOLETICE - This plant produced detergents, emulsifiers,
wetting agents and other materials used in the textile industry.
i
Chemical Plant at MNI EK - This plant produced the same products as the
chemical plant at BOLETICE.
V
Plant at VELVETY
During World War II9 it produced explosives used in aerial bombs.
In 1948, it came under control of the Ministry of National Defense.
Spolek Chemical Combine planned to construct a new plant here for the
production of dyes and intermediates.
Chemical Plant at DUCHCOV - This plant produced wood stains.
Chemical Plant at CHABAROVICE - This plant produced "Ultramarine"
pigments used for laundry bluing, for dyeing blue wrapping paper, and for mixing
with whitewash.
All of the plants in the Spolek Chemical Combine were given the Spolek
Chemical Combine name plus the name of their location. For example, the plant
at BOLETICE was called Spolek pro Chemickou a Hutni Vyrobu-Zavod Boletice (Asso-
ciation for Chemical and Metallurgical Products - Boletice Plant).
r
3. Organization of the Spolek Chemical Combine Plant at USTI NAD LABEM (See
Annex A)
The director was appointed by the Ministry of Chemical Industry and
was directly responsible to the ministry for all production, administration, and
personnel matters and plans of the Spolek ^.hemical Combine plant, as well as of
the pilot plants.
His office, which was located in the plant administration building,
was staffed by one male secretary and two steno-typists. His monthly income,
including all allowances and bonuses, averaged about 5000 crowns.
Stanislav RAZL was the director at the time
RAZL became director in 1956. Before 1948, he had been a clerk in the Work and
Wages Department of the Usti Nad Labem plant. In 1948, he was sent to the
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The plant director from 1949 to 1956 was Frantisek ZUREIC. In 1956,
he was transferred to the Projects Department of a new synthetic rubber factory
in KRALUPY.
b. Production Department (See Annex B)
(1) Chief Engineer
The chief engineer was the first deputy of the director and
consequently the second-ranking person in the Spolek Chemical Combine. He was
head of the Production Department and, as such, was in charge of plans, safety,
research and development for the Spolek Chemical Combine. His office was in
the plant administration building and was staffed by a female chemical engineer,
Kveta JILIKOVA, who had studied in the USSR, and a female stenographer.
The chief engineer at the time) Iwas Zdenek
KUBEK. he was appointed to the position Ministry of 25X1
Chemical Industry. Before 1955, he had been employed at the Ostrava Nitrogen
Plant (Dusikarny Ostrava) as a chemical engineer.
(2) Chief Coordinator (Hlavn( Dispe'er)
The chief coordinator was Engineer Karel KALNY. His office was
located in the plant administration building and was staffed by one female secretary..
Subordinate to him were three (possibly four) coordinatore,who worked on shifts
and represented the chief coordinator during his absence. The duties of the chief
coordinator included: relieving the chief engineer of minor production problems;
reporting all accidents or unusual. occurrences and production figures to the chief
engineer for the preceding day (or shift); insuring that production plans were
fulfilled, maintaining daily production graphs showing the current production
figures; and meeting daily at a predetermined time with the chief engineer for a
telephone conference with the Production Department head, the chief mechanic, the
head of the Power Department, and the head of the Administrative Department in
order to discuss plans, bottlenecks, and procedures. This conference was conducted
by means of a special telephone network. The participants each had a special
telephone which enabled them to listen and speak as if they were all gathered
around a conference table. This was considered to be a time-saving innovation
which enabled the participants to take part in the conference without the necessity
of leaving their offices. this system was being adopted in 25X1
all factories throughout Czechoslovakia.
The chief coordinators also coordinated activities between the
individual plants, the Production Department, and other departments within the
Spolek Chemical Combine.
The coordinator's office was also used as a central ambulance
die tohing office. In case of an accident in any of the plants, the coordinator's
office would be notified and would in turn telephone the plant ambulance service
or the doctor.
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This system of the coordinator acting as a buffer for the chief
engineer was not a proven system. Most of the coordinators were inexperienced and
not fully qualified. They were often unable to cope with minor problems and were
forced to consult the chief engineer. This increased the work load of the chief
engineer. The system was, however, improving with time and experience.
(a) Production Sections (Vyrobni oeohy)
chief engineers
The following production sections were subordinate to the
Electrolysis Section (Elektrolysa Ceoh)
Sulfuric Acid Section (Kyselina Sorova Cech)
Cryolite Section (Kryolite Cech)
Trichloroethylene Section (Triohlor Cech)
Synthetic Resins Section (Umele Pryskyrioe Ceoh)
Tar Dyes Section (Dehtova Barviva Ceoh)
Each of the above sections had integral planning, economic,
maintenance, production and, according to local needs, research and development
sub-sections. (See Annex C.)
The chief of each production section was responsible for
fulfillment of produotion.quotas, safety of his employees, and the hiring and
discharging of employees, in conjunction with the RON and the plant organization of
the Communist Party. He worked in close coordination with the Planning Department
and the chief mechanic.
1. Electrolysis Section
This section was headed by Chief Engineer SVEV, (fnu) and a
deputy, Engineer DLOUHY, (fnu). A female steno-typist was employed in their office.
At least 19 individual production plants and units were under the supervision of
the chief. These plants were as followss
Salt Brine Plant
Caustic Soda, Plant Nr. 1
Caustic Soda, Plant Hr. 2
Caustic Alkali Plant (There may have been two plants
producing caustic alkali).
Liquid Chlorine Plant
Permanganate Plant Nr. 1
Permanganate Plant Nr. 2
Permanganate and Manganese Dioxide Plant
Potash Plant
Maintenance Sub-Section
Bleaches (Sodium Hypochloride) Plant
Bleaching Powders (Calcium Hypoohloride) Plant
Calcium Chloride Plant
Zino and Magnesium Chloride Plant
Solid Caustics Plant (solid sodium hydroxide and solid
potassium hydroxide in chemically pure form, i.e. reagent grades)
Laboratory
Hydrochloric Acid Plant
Salmiao (Ammonium Chloride) Plant
Anthraquinone Plant
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2. Sulfuric Acid Section
This section was headed by Kvido KILB. His office was
located in a small building near the sulfuric acid plant and was staffed by a
deputy (nu) and a female secretary. This section was responsible for the following
production plants.
Sulfuric Acid Plant
Oleum Plant (Fuming Sulfuric Acid)
Chlorosulfonic Acid Plant
Sulfite Plant
Hyposulfite Plant
Trisodium Phosphate Plant
Superphosphate Plant
Sodium Fluorosilioate Plant
Synthetic Sapphires Plant
Tungstio Acid Plant (Produced commercially as W03 tungsten trioxide).
"Blanc Fix" Plant
3.. Cryolite Section
This section was headed by Engineer MORSTADT, (fnu). His
office was staffed with a deputy (nu) and a female secretary. The oryolite plant
under this section was the only source of oryolite in Czechoslovakia. It was
constructed here in about 1952 or 1953 with East German equipment and underr t1
direction of East German teohnioians. The reason for its construction at DSTI
NAD LABEM was that 'STI NAD LABEM had the only source of hydrofluoric acid
in Czechoslovakia. This was the smallest section in the Spolek Chemical Combine,
with only the following four subordinate plants:
Hydrofluoric Acid Plant
Aluminum Fluoride Plant
Oryolits Plant (Production began in 1954)
Freon Gas Plant (Production began in July 1958)
4.L Triohloroethylens Section
The head of this section (since July or August 1958) was
Engineer PROCBAZKA, (fnu). He was responsible for the following plants.
Triohioroethylene Plant. This plant also produced hexa-
ohloroethane and perohloroethylene. It was enlarged and production was doubled
in 1958.
Xanthate Plant
DDT Plant. This plant also produced chloral.
Carbon Disulfide Plant
2,4-D Plant (a herbicide). It was planned to move production
of 2i4-D to the DDT Plant. The desire was to increase production of 2r4-D and
decrease production of DDT.
Chloroaoetio Acid Plant. This plant was only partially
constructed and had only part of its equipment installed. Production was planned
to begin about the middle of 1959.
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Synthetic Resins Section
The head of this section was Engineer BERCIK,(fnu). He
was responsible for the following plants:
Resins Plant
Diphenylpropane Plant
Epichlorohydrin Plant
Solvents Plant. These solvents were methyloyclohexanole
and methylcyclohexanone. Nitrogen and Hydrogen Plant (This plant also produced
ammonia).
Dicyclohexylammonium Nitrate (trade name - "Dicynit") Plant.
This plant was under construction at the time of Source's defection. Production
was due to begin during the first part of 1959,
6.Tar Dyes Section
This section was headed by Engineer Frantisek SMISEK.
He was responsible for the following plants:
Beta-Naphthol Plant
Oxynaphthoic Plant
Naphthol A-S Dyes Plant (Also known under the trade
name "Ultrazoly." The formula was I/N#N- 014
Azo Dyes Plant
Soluble Amines Plant
Sulfur Dyes Plant
Alizarin Plant
"Ostan" Blue Plant
Dye Mixing Plant
Printing Inks Plant (This plant was actually used for the
grinding of dyestuff pastes).
Dye Intermediates Plant
(b) Other Sections Within the Production Department
1. Incentive Awards Section (Zlepgovael Navrhy)
This section was staffed by two persons and was located
in the plant administration building. Its sole function was to forward all
incentive award forms to their final destination, i.e., either to the plant's
utilization of the suggestion and payment to the originator or to the rejection of
the suggestion by the Incentive Awards Committee.
Blank forms for incentive awards suggestions were
distributed at strategic locations through the Spolek Chemical Combine. There
were specific forms for technical, operational, or administrative suggestions.
Largest payments were made for approved technical suggestions, with operational
awards paying the second highest, and administrative suggestions the lowest.
/ The monetary award was paid according to an official
chart (viadni naaizeni) which stated the exact amount to be paid in conjunction
with the total amount saved per year from the suggestion. This award was paid
in three installments. The first fourth of the total award was paid immediately
upon approval and completion of necessary paperwork. The second fourth of the
total amount was paid six months after the suggestion was first submitted. The
final payment was made one year after the suggestion was submitted. The last
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payment could be increased or decreased, depending upon the amount of proved
savings the suggestion had brought about.
The Incentive Awards Committee was composed of heads of
various departments and sections, depending upon the type of suggestion submitted.
2. Plant Safety Section (Bezpe'6nost Prace)
This office was located in the plant administrative
building and was staffed by three persons. The mission of this sub-section was
to reduce accidents, insure that all employees complied with safety regulations,
investigate causes of accidents and deaths, and distribute and post safety posters.
This office also maintained and issued all protective clothing and equipment used
by the Spolek Chemical Combine.
3 deters and Gauges Section (M9ricsk4)
This section repaired., maintained, and replaced all
ordinary measuring instruments within the Spolek Chemical Combine. These instruments
included all meters, gauges, pressure gauges, heat measuring devices, and similar
instruments.
The section had its own building in addition to several
rooms in an adjoining buildirnj. It also had a worksho-o-conts, lathes,
drills, and precision instruments, and tools. 40 to 50 25X1
persons were employed by this section, iihciuciing,watchmakers and precision mechanics.
A. Projects Section (Projekeni)
This was a new section which was formed during the first
part of 1958. Before that it was part of the Construction and Projects Section.
About 30 persons were employed here. They were concerned with estimating costs
of new projects, stating the type and amount of equipment and material needed and
maintaining files of all plL.ns and blueprints used by the Spolek Chemical Combine.
After plans for new projects were prepared in this section,
they were sent forward for approval. If the project required only a small amount
(exact amount unknown) of funds, i.t could be approved by the director of the Spolek
Chemical Combine. Projects requiring large amounts of money had to go to the Ministry
of Chemical Industry for approval. The majority of plans prepared by this section
was never approved. This was because most new projects originated within the
production plants, and, after all plans had been made, it was found that they were
not feasible or economically possible.
This section was similar to the Construction Section under
the chief mechanic, except that the projects section made plans for long-range,
future, possible projects, while the Construction Section was concerned with local,
approved construction projects.
5. Research Section (Zavodni Vyzkum)
Before the 1958 reorganization of the chemical industry,
this section was known as the Technical Section . The office was located on the
seventh floor of the plant administration building. The head of the section was
Jaroslav MALEK. He was responsible for the introduction and technical development
of new products and for aiding the chief engineer in technical matters.
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a. Inorganic Laboratories
These laboratories were located in a separate building.
Although the building was old, it had been enlarged and modernized, and the labora-
tories and workshops had been outfitted with new equipment in 1958. The chief was
Dr. Rudolf BURIAN; he had approximately 20 chemists and technicians working for him.
He was responsible for working out procedures and
technologies on a laboratory scale for production of new inorganic products. He
prepared reports of results and personally discussed the results with the chief
engineer. He also assisted in the manufacture of new products in pilot plants.
The following are some projects under study in these
laboratories during 1958:
a"Hooker'"cell was being tested in a pilot plant. 25X1
Methods of decreasing lose of mercury during electrolysis.
Permanganate production problems.
Introduction of "Salmiao" (ammonium chloride) powders in
crystalline form.
Production problems of perchlorethylene.andbichloro-
ethylenee a pilot plant was under construction 25X1
for production of monochioroacetic acid. It was to be used in the production of
2,k;.:.D. Planned production in this pilot plant was 300 tons during 1958.
One of the major functions of the inorganic laboratories
was work on inorganic chemistry problems arising in the inorganic production plants.
Most of the inorganic production plants did not have their own laboratories.
b. Technical Library
This library was located on the tenth floor of the
administration building. It was the largest technical chemical library in
Czechoslovakia and it contained books, periodicals, and journals from all over the
world.
Czechoslovakia had a unique method of obtaining the
latest and most important technical publications (such as chemical abstracts)
from Western nations. The government allowed many chemists to 25X1
become members of Western chemical societies and, as such, to subscribe o e
journals and publications issued by these societies. The subscriptions were paid
for by the Ministry of Chemical Industry, but the individual received the publication.-
He was then required to turn the publication over to the ministry for dissemination
to the technical libraries. After these publications were given to the libraries,
they were not allowed to be removed. the Communist Bloc 25X1
profited immensely from these publications. In fact, their chemical industries
were kept up-to-date by utilizing the latest methods and procedures described in
these publications. (See Annex D for a list of publications I 25X1
c. Patents Office
The only function of this office was to assist
Spolek Chemical Combine employees in patenting their inventions and ideas. This
office worked in close coordination with the Incentive Awards Section. If a
patent was deemed worthwhile;it was prepared in five copies. One copy stayed at
CO 1
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the Spolek Chemical Combine, four copies were sent to the ministry, which screened
and examined it, and in turn, forwarded two copies to the patent office in PRAGUE.
Chemical Combine director that, in June 1958, he was promised that later in 1958
full-time engineer would be placed in this office.
the following ideas or inventions
which were processed during :
The orientation of the growth of synthetic sapphires.
A now method of producing lithium carbonate.
Two new sulfur dyes.
The use of epoxy resins in pigment dyeing.
The use of sulfur dyes for dyeing viscose products*
o. Construction and Maintenance Department (Vystavba a Udrzba)(See Annex E)
The head of this department was known as the chief mechanic (hlavni
meohanik). His offices were located in the administration building and were
staffed by about 18 people. These offices included a small planning office, a
drafting office, and offices for clerks and secretaries.
The primary mission of this department was maintenance of all equipment,
machinery, buildings, and grounds of the Spolek Chemical Combine. It was also
responsible for stocking the necessary spare parts and for purchasing new equipment.
Construction was the secondary mission of the department. The only
construction projects it undertook were small, within-the-budget projects. All
other construction projects at the Spolek Chemical Combine which required special
appropriations were undertaken by the Projects Department.
The head of this department was Otto REEBERGER; his estimated
total monthly income was 3000 crowns.
(1) Maintenance Section
The head of this section was JURENA, (fnu).,who also acted as a
deputy to the chief mechanic. His duties included ascertaining that maintenance
schedules were followed in all departments and plants in the Spolek Chemical
Combine, assisting plants and departments in urgent maintenance and repair problems,
and contracting certain outside firms (such as roof workers, furniture repair firms,
and tile setters) for work which could not be accomplished by his shops.
(2) Construction Section
The head of this section was KULH&VA, (fnu). His duties included
planning and supervising all construction projects assigned to his section.
Examples'of 1958 projects assigned to this section were as
Setting up of all equipment and construction of all production
lines for the production of 2,4-D in the unused half of the DDT building. This was
accomplished in April 1958.
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Conversion of an old unused building into a warehouse.
Setting up equipment for production of epichloro ydrin.
(3) Workshops (Dilny)
The following workshs.? were subordinate to the chief mechanic,
and their services were shared by the Maintenance and Construction Sections.
(a) Machine Shop (Strojni)
This was the largest of all shops in this department. It had
its own separate building, an estimated 150 employees, and its own internal
planning and budget sections. It had several fully-equipped modern machine shops
where all broken, damaged) or worn machinery was repaired and where, when possible,
certain pieces of new machinery were constructed. This shop was also responsible
for servicing and maintaining all elevators in the combine.
It had one bottlenecks machinists and skilled laborers
working in the shops were paid on the same wage scale as chemical industry workers.
Chemical workers were paid much less than their counterparts in heavy industry;
therefore, the shops had a continuous problem locating and retaining qualified
personnel.
(b) Boiler Shop (Kotlarna)
This shop had its own building and employed an estimated 50
to 70 persons. In addition to making boilers, the shop also made such articles as
oars for the plant's narrow-gauge railroad, pressure vats, tanks and coolers. The
shop was also responsible for inspecting all pressure tanks and pressure vessels
to insure that they were safe.
(c) Sheet Metal Shop (Klempirna)
This shop also had its own building and employed about 30
persons. All sheet metal products for the Spolek Chemical Combine were made in
this shop.
(d) Electric Shop (Elektro)
This shop had its own building and about 60 employees. It
repaired and maintained all electric motors, electric installations, electric
instruments, power lines, and transformer stations in the Spolek Chemical Combine.
It was also responsible for maintaining all local telephones, telephone lines and
cables, switchboards, and the plant wire-broadcast system.
(e) Pipe Shop (Potrubarna)
This shop maintained all piping and pipelines in the Spolek
Chemical Combine as well:'as constructing new pipelines. It worked with piping of
all types (steel, lead, ceramic, plastic) and of all dimensions. The shop did not
make pipes but maintained a large stock of them.
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(f) Masonry Shop (Stavebni)
This shop:kad its own building and employed about 10 office
workers and 40 to 50 masons. Ii addition to working with masonry projects in the
Usti Ned Labem plant, the masons also erected new housing developments for the Spolek
employees.
(g) Carpentry Shop (Tesarna)
This shop employed about 20 persons and had its own building.
All general carpentry work, such as building frames, beams, soaffolding, and concrete
forms for the Spolek Chemical Combine were made by this shop.
(h) Cabinet Shop (Truhlarna)
This shop had its own building and about 30 employees. In
addition to making cabinets, lookers, and windowframes, it constructed wooden vats
and wooden filter disks and plates for presses. It also had several glasiers for all
window-glass work in the Spolek Chemical Combine.
(i) Paint Shop (Lakyrnioi)
This shop was in its own building and had about 25 employees.
All painting, indoors and out, for the Spolek Chemical Combine was accomplished by
this shop.
(j) Lead Shop (Olovarna)
This shop had its own building and about 15 employees. It made
lead linings for iron vessels, solid lead vessels, and lead jackets for certain items,
and it also soldered all lead pipes.
(k) Rubber Shop (Gumarna)
This shop had its own building and employed about 40 people.
In addition to working with rubber, both natural and synthetic, it worked with
plastics. It made rubber linings for iron vessels for protection against certain
acids, in addition to doing all other rubber work required by the Spolek Chemical
Combine.
(1) Incentive Machine Shop (Zlepsovatelske)
The original purpose of this machine shop was to allow inventors
who had submitted ideas to the Incentive Awards Se'ctioa to be able to make certain
pieces of machinery or parts in order to prove or improve the value of their sug-
gestions. However,. it was seldom used for this purpose"-}.' ,,It?was,
being used as just another machine shop. It was not as busy as the main machine shop
and was therefore often used to work on small;, urgent projects. The shop was also
used as an on-the-job training shop for young" inexperienced machinists.
(m) Roads and Grounds Shop (Cistota Zavodu)
These shops consisted of a number of small tool. shade and
garages and employed about 15 people. They were responsible for oare, cleaning and
maintenance of all grounds, roads, and fences in the Usti Ned Labem plant,.
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(n) Hrob Lead Plant (Zavod Hroby)
Although this was a separate plant located at HROB, it was
subordinate to the chief mecbanio of the Spolek Chemical Combine. This was the
only metallurgical plant in the Spolek Chemical Combine. The word "metallurgical"
in the official name of the Spolek Chemical Combine was added to the combine
1856 when it was first formed. The founders thought the mountains near USTI NAD
LABEM would be rich in metal ores, which could be exploited by the combine. The
grade of ores discovered in the mountains never proved high enough for commercial
exploitation, but the word "metallurgical" remained part of the official name.
The plant had an estimated 60 to 70 employees and manu-
faotured lead valves, petcocks, pipes, sheets, and plates. In addition to supplying
the Spolek Chemical Combine with lead products, the plant also supplied other
chemical organizations in Czechoslovakia with lead products.
d. Power Department (Energie Wiled) (see Annex F, Figure 1)
The head of this department, Engineer Pavel VORLICEK, had the title
main powerman (hlavni energetic). His office was located in the plant administration
building and was staffed by a deputy, GRUNT,(fnu), and a female secretary.
VORLICEK was completely responsible for all power facilities in the
Usti plant as well as being technically responsible for the plant's auxiliary
Power facilities. He was also a member of the Regional (krajske) Power commission.
there was a serious shortage of electric power throughout . 25X1
Czechoslovakia. Because of this, the chief powerman for the Spolek Chemical Combine
was made a member of the Regional Power Commission in order to defend the combine's
interest as far as electric power was concerned.
The following power plants and facilities were subordinate to the
Power Departments
(1) Steam Plant (Kotelna)
This plant employed about 20 people in three shifts. It supplied
the Usti Nad Labem plant with low-pressure steam (five atmospheres or about 73.5
The per sq inch) and high-pressure steam (22 atmospheres or about 543.4 lbs per
sq inch). The plant consumed a very poor quality brown coal.
(2) Gas Generating Plant (Generatorovy Plyn)
This plant had approximately 20 employees. It generated gas
by subjecting brown coal to high temperatures. The gas thus produced was fed
into the gasline network in the Usti Nad Labem plant and was used in heating
furnaces and forges in the inorganic plants where high temperatures were needed.
Coal was transported to the gas plant from nearby brown coal
fields by means of an overhead cable-oar line. The same cars were used to trans-
port the ashes from the plant to a nearby ash dump.
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The pipelines were all above ground and declined in altitude
gradually from the gas plant to the using plants. At frequent intervals, the
lines had to be opened and a tar residue which collected in the pipes drained.
Because of the poor quality of the brown coal, pressures were not constant and
were often very low.
(3) Water Works (Vodarna)
The Usti Nad Labem plant maintained a water pumping station on
the Labe River, one large underground water storage reservoir on a hill behind
the plant, and three water towers in the plant area. Between 1950 and 1952 a
new water line was installed from the river pumping station to the main reservoir
on the hill. This pipeline, which was much larger than the old line, was con-
structed chiefly because the old line had received a direct bomb hit during World
War II and was no longer considered reliable. The third water tower was constructed
between 1952 and 1954-
the water situation was strategically the
most important shortcoming of the plant) sinceit.could not operate longer than ten
minutes if the pipeline were to fail.
The chief of the water works had an office near the boiler works
and had approximately 20 subordinates.
(4) Rectifier Plant (Usmernovaoe)
The rectifier plant consisted of three buildings in which alter.
nating current was changed into direct current for the plant's direct current
circuit. This plant was also charged with maintenance of all DC lines in the
Usti Nad Labem plant.
The newest building was constructed between 1938 and 1940. The
equipment in this building was constructed by the Swiss firm Brown-Boveri in BA N.
Plans called for the installation of modern mercury rectifiers as soon as possible.
(5) Transformer Station (Transformator)
not sure of the location or types of transformers used
by the plant. he transformers were used to reduce the incoming high
voltage current down to 550 and 220 volts.
The plant used two different sources of electric power. One was
a thermo-power plant at TRMICE and the other was the hydroelectric power plant
at STI E KOV.
(6) Narrow-Gauge Railroad Line (Uzkokolejka)
The plant railroad line was formerly subordinate to the trans-
portation section of the Administrative Department, but because of frequent electric
line breakdowns, the chief powerman was compelled to accept the responsibilities.
This line employed an estimated 20 persons. It worked on the
overhead trolley principle, had approximately an 80 to 90-cm gauge, and had about
20 locomotives, All switching was done manually by the locomotive engineer or his
assistant. The plant had difficulty getting dependable employees for this line.
There were frequent accidents and derailments caused by carelessness and speeding.
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(7) Cable-Car Line (Lanovka)
The primary purpose of this line was to transport brown coal to
the gas generator plant and to remove ashes and other wastes from the plant to a
dump. The brown coal mines were about 8 km west of the plant. The oars on this
line, arrived at the plant about 30 seconds apart.
in the cable l
no bottlenecks other than infrequent breaks
a. Administrative Department (Administrativa) (See Annex F, Figure 2)
the third-ranking man in the Spolek Chemical Combine. This department, in
addition to accomplishing all administrative functions for the Usti Nad Labem
plant, also handled most of the administration of the auxiliary plants. Nine
administrative sections were subordinate to the department head.
(1) Legal Section (Pravni)
The chief of this section was Dr. Robert REZV I 25X1
He had another attorney as an assistant and one female secretary. The primary
mission of this section was to protect the interests of the Spolek Chemical Combine
in in anal matters, especially in matters of contracts. REZNY, who was considered
a very competent person, often attended legal trials, pleading the Spolek 25X1
Chemical Combine's side of breach of contract cases.
(2) Bookkeeping Section (Uctarna)
This office was located in the administration building and had
about 25 employees. In addition to doing all bookkeeping work for the Spolek
Chemical Combine, this office also made out the payroll for the Usti Nad Labem
plant.
(3) Housing Administration Section (Spr&va Domu)
This office,'with about 20 employees, assigned, controlled and
maintained all the employee housing of the Spolek Chemical Combine. There were
approximately 1000 housing units belonging to the Spolek Chemical Combine. Some
of the housing was very old (circa 1890) and some was post-World War II construction.
Rent for the housing was very reasonable and was automatically deducted from the
employee's salary.
(4) Transportation Section (Dopravni)
This section was responsible for all transportation, with the
exception of the plant's narrow-gauge railroad, in the Usti Nad Labem plant. It
had about 50 employees, including office workers and drivers. It coordinated all
incoming and outgoing railway shipments and worked very closely with the local
Usti Nad Labem railroad yards and the Ministry of Transportation. It had about
eight large trucks (used mostly for short distance hauling) and three sedans.
The sectioh was also responsible for traffic safety in the Usti
Nad Labem plant.
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(5) Purchasing Section (Nakupni)
This section was divided into several unrecalled branches, each
with about six employees. Each branch was responsible for an unknown part of all
purchasing for the Spolek Chemical Combine. All chemical imports were ordered
through\Chemapol, a national enterprise, in PRAGUE. This section handled local
procurements, but the chiefs of each department could also purchase small, locally-
i-vailable items and present the receipts to the appropriate branch of this section.
(6) Sales Section (Prodejni)
This section had about 30 employees and was concerned mostly with
paper work. There were no active salesmen. Their chief function was filling
contracts and insuring that the products were received by the consumers in the
required time, quantity, and quality.
(7) warehouse Section (Skiady)
This section had an unknown number of warehouses and storage
points, including warehouses for finished products, raw materials, machinery and
spare parts, machine-shop parts, electrical products and parts, chemical products,
laboratory equipment, office supplies,lnfiammables, and nitro compounds. In addition
to being responsible for storage, this section accomplished all packing and orating
of produots.produoed by the Usti Nad Labem plant.
Most of the warehouses were in the older buildings. The 25X1
tinually complained of lack of space and modern warehouse equipment.
Jno underground storage facilities at the Usti Ned Labem plant.
(8) Communications Section (Spojovaoi)
This section, consisting of two large rooms in the administration
building, was actually a message center and distribution center. All incoming
and outgoing correspondence came through this office.
25X1
(9) Printing Section (Tiskarna)
This section printed forms, letterheads, advertising pamphlets,
and labels for the use of the Spolek Chemical Combine. It also had a small book-
binding shop. This section was located in the basement of the administration
building.
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f. Other Departments Probably Directly Subordinate to the Director
ments
Chemical Combine.
the following depart-
were pro a y subordinate ttne airec or of the Spolek
(1) Technical Control Department (Teohnicaa Kontrola)
This department employed about 70 people, mostly analytical
chemists. The head of the department was Engineer Antoni IIOFFTatAN
his deputy was Engineer KUBEC (fnu)
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This was a new department which was started by order of the
Minist r of Chemical Industry in about 1951. The primary mission of this department
was to control the quality of all raw material imported into the Spolek Chemical
Combine and of all finished products leaving the Spolek Chemical Combine. It also
controlled the quality of all internal products going from one internal plant to
another.
The head of this department had the right to stop production on all
products that did not meet required standards. It had its own laboratory for
testing the various products. It also had the responsibility of analyzing incoming
fresh water for purity, waste products for acidity, and air for pollution. A small
glass-blowing sub-section, employing about five persons, was part of this department.
(2) Planning Department (Planovaoi)
The chief of this department was Miloslav KESSER, a Party member.
He was responsible for production and financial plans for the Spolek Chemical
Combine. The plans were made on a yearly basis and further broken down into monthly
plans. SESSER had to work in close cooperation with heads of all the plants and
heads of the various departments. 25X1
(3) Cadre Department (Kadrove Oddeleni)
This department was headed by SVOBODA (fnu)
He, maintained complete background dossiers on all key employees of the
Spolek Chemical Combine to determine their political reliability. The dossiers
were kept up-to-date on each person's activities by means of informers, the plant
Party organization, and the ROH.
Approval of this department was required for promotion, transfer,
demotion, discharge, or foreign travel permits for key personnel,
(4) Personnel Department (Osobni)
This department maintained personnel and qualification records,
controlled time cards, hired new personnel, and handled insurance and tax collections
for the employees, in addition to other functions. The office was located in the
administration building and had about six employees.
(5) Work and Wages Department (Prate a Mzdy)
This department was located in the administration building and
was headed by PELC (fnu) PELC controlled manpower and wages 25X1
for the Spolek Chemical Combine. He decided, according to the budget and plans,
the number of employees in each department, section, sub-section or office; controlled
salaries and wages; decided the number, amount and recipients of bonuses; and
processed requests for promotions.
(6) Social Department (Socialni)
this department may have been subordinate 25X1
to the plant ROH, since its functions were similar. Its office was located in the
administration building and it had three or four employees. Its mission was to
insure that employees had good working conditions, that factory housing was adequate
and sanitary, and that plant dressing and shower rooms were adequate'; It also
scheduled vacations to the Spolek Chemical Combine's health resorts. It worked in
close cooperation with the plant physician, housing administration, and ROH.
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(7) Special Department (Zvlastni) 25X1
This department was located in the administration building and
was headed by ZIKA (or ZYKA) (fnu), The mission of this
department was plant security and control of classified documents. It was responsible
for the plant civil defense, plant guard system, and plant fire department. Civil
defense classes were held once every two months. A few protective masks and suits
of protective clothing were shown during these classes, but were never issued to
personnel; they were not available.
This department issued passes to all plant employees and visitors.
The guards checked all packages and briefcases of employees when entering or leaving
the plant. During the day, guards, armed with pistols, patrolled the plant alone,
but after dark they patrolled with dogs.
The fire department had a separate building and modern firefighting
equipme nt.
The classified document section was not very efficient and often
lost documents. occasionally received classified documents by mail direct
from PRAGUE that had not gone through this department. the following
examples of typical classified documents: descriptions o actories or plants,
reports of plant employees on all visits to foreign countries, and reports on dyes
and dye intermediates and their production in the Communist Bloc.
(8) Broadcasting Department (Rozhlas)
This broadcasting department had only one employee, a female, who
had an office in the administration building. The broadcasts included propaganda
announcements, current events, meetings, and lectures. The wire broadcast system
was very unpopular, and the workers would often disconnect the loudspeakers.
Loudspeakers were located in all strategic spots so that the entire Usti Nad Labem
plant was effectively saturated.
(9) School Department (Skoleni Kadru)
This department gave young elementary school graduates two years
of technical education so as to provide the Spolek Chemical Combine with a future
source of qualified personnel. The youths were trained as laboratory technicians,
electricians, machinists, chemists' assistants, and the like, according to the
Spolek Chemical Combine needs and functions. Individuals receiving this schooling
had to agree to work at the plant for at least five years after the to years of
training. This training consisted of classroom work in the mornings and practical
work in the afternoons. The students received a small (amount unrecalled) salary
and free housing and meals.
Another function of the school department was to provide free,
after-duty technical foreign language courses to key plant employees.
English, German, and Russian were the only languages taught.
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g. Supporting Organizations
(1) National Health Institute (Ustav Narodniho Zdravi)
The National Health Institute furnished the plant with a permanent
medical staff of four physicians, five or six nurses, and one dentist. In addition
to this permanent staff, specialists in women's illnesses, skin diseases, tubercular
illnesses, and X-ray technicians made periodic visits to the plant.
The plant dispensary, which was in a former villa on plant property,
had wards totaling about 30 beds and complete equipment for a small hospital. The
beds were seldom used. Two ambulances were available at all times.
One of the plant physicians had to certify all sick leaves. The
chief physician decided whether an employee's health was poor enough for retirement.
(2) Restaurants and Dining Rooms National Enterprise (Restaurace
a Jidelny, Narodni Podnik)
This enterprise provided the Usti Nad Labem Plant with a canteen.
The canteen served four choices of meals. The best meal cost six crowns and was only
for visitors and plant VIP's. The next best meal cost 3.50 crowns and consisted of
soup, meat or fish, potatoes or rice, dessert, and coffee or tea. The next choice
and the most popular, cost 2.80 crowns, and consisted of soup, meat, potatoes,
dessert and coffee or tea. The food was of poorer quality than the meal costing
3.50 crowns. The last choice was a bland meat for persons suffering from stomach
ailments; this could only be had upon presentation of a doctor's recommendation.
The canteen also served a weak beer, ice cream, cookies and pastries, and milk.
The employees purchased weekly meal tickets in advance.
The canteen was open. from 0700 to 0800, from 1200 to 1500, and
from 1600 to 1800 hours.
h. Party and Union Organization
(1) Plant Organization of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
This organization had two rooms in the administration building and
was headed by KLOFAC, (fnu) He had one female secretary. The
mission of this organization was to protect the interests and insure the development
of the Party at the plant.
(2) Plant Council of the Revolutionary Trade Movement (Zavodni Vybor
Revolucni Odborove Hnuti - ROH)
This organization was, in theory, a labor union and was to protect
the rights of the workers. Actually, it attempted to increase production and norms
and to protect the interests of the Party and government through propaganda. It
organized sport and cultural clubs and had its hand in the educational and health
problems of the workers. All employees had to belong to the organization and were
required to pay dues amounting to one percent of their total monthly income.
The head of the plant ROH was Vratislav CHLADEK, the former head of
the dye mixing plant of the Spolek Chemical Combine. His staff totaled about five
persons.
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4. Auxiliary Plants (Poboone Zavody)
The Spolek Chemioal ombine had nine auxiliary plants, all of which were
made part of Spolek Chemical Combine during the 1957-1958 reorganization of the
Czechoslovak chemical industry. Several of these plants were very old and were
equipped with obsolete equipment. These plants were not being modernized, since
the government had decided this was economically unwise,, but were allowed to con-
tinue work with their old equipment as long as possible without investing further
funds.
a. Neitemice Plant
This plant, with an estimated 500 employees, wa he largest auxiliary
1 t in the Spolek Chemical Combine. It was located in NEST MICE, about 8 km from
STI NAD LABEM.
The chief product was soda ash ( 80,000 tons per year maximum production),
but other products were caustic soda, calcium chloride, sodium biohromates,calcium
carbonates and detergents. this was the only plant in
Czechoslovakia producing soda ash. Czechoslovakia had to import additional soda
ash from Austria and East Germany to satisfy her needs.
The director of the plant was SVOBODA (fnu), and the chief technologist
was PAVLIK (fnu). The plant had a small administrative staff, but most of the
administrative work was accomplished at the Usti Nad Labem plant.
b. Retenioe Plant
This plant, located at RETENICE, had about 50 employees; its only
product was aluminum sulfate. It was joined to the Spolek Chemical Combine in
1958. Before this, it was known as the Dudek Firm (Firma Dudek). It, was one of
the plants considered by the government as being too old for investment of further
funds,
o. Roudnioe Plant
This plant was located in ROUDNICE and had about 50 employees. Its
only product was various types of frits. It too joined the Spolek Chemical Combine
in 1958.
d. Velvety Plant
This plant was located in VELV'TY and joined the Spolek Chemical Combine
in 1958. Its products were unknown. This was a former military factory used by
the Germans to fill aerial bombs during World War II. While attending various
meetings of Spolek Chemical Combine department heads, Ithe 25X1
Ministry of Defense still had some interest in this planto
e. Duohcov Plant
This plant, located in DUCIICOV, had about 40 employees and joined the
Spolek Chemical Combine in 1958. Its only products were wood stains. The head of
the plant was SCHARNAGL. (fnu).
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f. Chabarovice Plant
This plant, located in CHABAROVICE, had about 40 employees and joined the
Spolek Chemical Combine in 1958. Its only products were ultramarine dyes used as
laundry bluing and paper dyes. This was another plant in'which the government
considered it unwise to invest further funds.
g. Boletice Plant
This plant, located in BOIETICE, joined the Spolek Chemical Combine in
1958 and had about 100 employees. Its only products were textile auxiliary agents
such as wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and detergents. Its chief engineer was
J. URBASEK.
h. Mnisek Plant
This plant, which was located in MNISEK, had about 80 employees and
joined the Spolek Chemical Combine in 1956. It produced the same type textile
auxiliary agents as the Boletice plant.
i. Krasne Brezno Plant
This plant, which was located in KAA'SNE BRE?N0D a suburb of USTI NAD
LABEMM,1iad approximately 80 employees and joined the Spolek Chemical Combine in 1958.
It,produo.a laboratory analytical grade chemicals and thioglycolio acid (40 tons
per year) used for hairdressing.
5. Production at the Usti Nad Labem Plant
Listed below are the various products produced at the Usti Nad Labem ;plant
Building numbers used below refer to plant layout described
25X1
hosphate Production (Bldg 8)
Trisodiuwphosphate production figures were unknown)
it was consumed entirely in Czechoslovakia. A small section of this
plant produced phosphoric acid used in the production of Na3 P04.
b. Superphosphate Production (Bldg 8)
Production figures were unknown but production was consumed 25X1
entirely in Czechoslovakia.
c. Nitrogen Production (Bldg 11)
This building was used for the production of ammonia until 1953?
Since that time only nitrogen was produced, even though the equipment for producing
ammonia was still there. -Production figures for nitrogen were unknown, but all
nitrogen produced was consumed by Spolek Chemical Combine.
d. Solvents Production (Bldg 12)
The principal solvent produced as methyl-oyolohexanone. Production
figures were unknown. Me l-0 olohexanone was exports d to South America and
other countries The Spolek Chemical Combine 25X1
was the only pro uoer in uzoonosiovatia. or zais e , which was mainly used in
the paint and lacquer industry.
Also at this plant the butyl ester of 2,4-D herbicide was being planned
as a product for the year 1959?
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e. Cryolite Production (Bldg 23)
Hydrofluoric acid and aluminum fluoride were produced here for the
production of Na3A1F6. The capacity of this plant to produce HF was 3000 to 4000
tons per year. Actual production of hydrofluoric acid was unknown. Some of the
hydrofluoric acid produced here was used by the Spolek Chemical Combine in the
production of freon, a refrigerant. The demand for cryolite in Czechoslovakia
had decreased, as the cost was too high.
f. Carbon Bisulfide Production (Bldg 27)
This plant produced approximately 3 to 3.5 tons of carbon bisulfide
per year. Most of the carbon bisulfide was shipped to viscose rayon plants in
Czechoslovakia. A part of the carbon bisulfide was used at the Spolek Chemical
Combine in the production of potassium ethyl xanthate, a floating agent.
This plant also produced on request Ca3(As03)2 for use as a coating
on wood to prevent decay. Approximately 1000 tons per year were produced.
g. Alizarin Production (Bldg 33)
This plant produced an intermediate for dyes called anthraquinco-e-B
sulfonio acid, (commonly known as silver salts because of its appearance), and
alizarin. This intermediate was used in the production of "0stanthrene Blue"
(local name). Chemically it was called "Indanthrene Blue." Approximately 60 tons
of "0stanthrene Blue" were produced annually.
h. Triohloroethylene Production (Bldg 39)
This plant produced about 7000 tons a year of this product. This was
the full capacity of the plant. Most of it was used for the Czechoslovak dry
cleaning industry. In addition, approximately 200 tons of perchloroethylene and
hexachloroethylene were produced annually and shipped to other plants (names
unknown) in Czechoslovakia.
Ammonium Chloride Production (Bldg 47)
Production figures were unknown, but this was the
only plant in Czechoslovakia for this product. Total production was consumed
in Czechoslovakia and not exported.
J. Hydrochloric Acid Production (Bldg 48)
Production figures were unknown, but it was 311
used within the Usti Nad Labem plant. The Neratovice plant sent HCl to USTI
ZNAD LABEM when Usti Nad Labem' s HC1 plant was closed for repair work.
k. Sodium Sulfate Production (Bldg 49)
Production was stopped in 1954 and equipment was dismantled in September
1958. This building was probably to be used as storage space.
1. Epichlorohydrin Production (Bldg 50)
This product was used in the production of plastics and resins for
paints and adhesives at the Usti Nad Labem plant.
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m. Synthetic Precious Stones Production (Bldg 64)
The raw material for an estimated five million carats per year of all
typras of synthetic precious stones was produced at the Spolek Chemical. Combine.
Chemically these stones were aluminum oxide, mixed with other metallic.axides to
give them the desired color. The names of these stones and their.eo1Ars were
Rose de-:France (pink), Alexandrite (color unknown), Corund (red),. Sapphire ,
'(colorless), Emerald (green), Tourmaline (grey-black), and Chrysoprase (yellow).
Another type of stone called Spinels was made from magnesium aluminaaes .but most
stones of the were made from aluminum oxides. These stones were:,.exporter
use atones were tsod for
uetry4 A plant in TUANOff
JM"IUP*. cu ng er , AM In To= JOW01
made bearings from these stones.
n. Azo Dyestuffs Production (Bldg 68)
Approximately 1000 tons per year of various dyestuffs were, produced
in.-this..plant. These dyes were grouped as acidic, basic, ehroma'te, -ft- Id pigments,
,$ood dyc s, and dyes soluble in wax and oils.
o. Dye Intermediate Production (Bldg 69)
Benzene and naphtha derivatives were produced here to be used in the
?sac dyestuff plant. So of the intermediates were shipped to East''Bohimian
{smioal Works in RYBITVt. In addition 300 to 400 tons of phenyl beta. naphthalene
were. produced per year and shipped to the Gottwaldov Rubber Factory,.
p. Hydroxynaphthoic Acid Production (Bldg 73)
Each year 200 to 250 tons were produced. All the prbduoti n was
gonsumed at the Usti Nad Labem plant in the production of ultrazoles dyestuff.
It was the only producing plant in Czechoslovakia for this chemical.
gets-Naphthol Production (Bldg 74)
Each year 1300 tons, the full capacity of this plant, was produced.
It was used at the-Usti Had Labem and Rybitvi plants. There was a"modern plant at
R'YBITYLproducing this subs' e, and, unless the demand for this ,product increa~~s_e~--d__11
ooosidetably, the plant at USTI NAD LABF,M was to close and only the plant at RYBITPI
would prodube this chemical for dyestuffs.
r. Dian Production (Bldg 75)
This plant produced an estimated 400 tons of than per-,;year. it was
used,.bn.gsynthetie resins. The formula for than was known by the trade: name
"Biaphesal" in the USA.
a. Synthetic Resin Production (Bldg 77)
This plant used the following raw materials 'in-the. production, af'
synthetic resins: glycerol, dian, pentaerythritol (not?nitrated'for passible use
as a high explosive charge), phthalie anhydrides maleie anhydride, and linseed oil.
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These raw materials were combined in various ways to produce resins used in the
paint, varnish, and lacquer industries. The finished products went under the
following trade names: Abietin, Rezalkyd, Abiester, Abifen, and Sadurit. This was
the only plant in Czechoslovakia for producing this type of resins. Yearly production
of these resins was estimated to be 2000 tons, including epoxy resins. Approximately
100 tons were exported to Finland and China; the rest of the production was consumed
in Czechoslovakia. plans had been made for the construction in 25X1
1959 of a new plant at STI NAD LABEM larger than the present plant. Great
emphasis had been placed on synthetic resins. These plans were in the hands of
the synthetic resin plant manager the manager indicated that 25X1
his project had number one priority in Czechoslovakia. This new plant was to triple
present production and would be built mainly for exporting synthetic resins to the
USSR and the satellites.
Another type of resin produced here was epoxy (sometimes called epoxide
resins). The trade name used was Chs-Epoxy, and Cho-Epoxide. This resin was
produced from phthalic anhydride and epichlorohydrin. It was mainly used for
insulating copper wire and for adhesives.
t. Sulfur Dyestuff Production (Bldg 80)
Approximately 700 tons of sulfur dyes were produced annually for use
on ootton and viscose materials. This was the only plant of this type in
Czechoslovakia producing this type of dye. It could produce all colors except
black. Black sulfur dyes were produced in the Rybitvi plant.
U. Sulfite Production (Bldg 84)
The various types of sulfites produced were sodium sulfite (Na2803)
in hydrated and anhydrous forms, sodium thiosulfite (N&8203 )v sodium hydrogen 25X1
sulfite (NaS803) in liquid form, and sodium rosulfite (Na2820 . Produoti n
,fimures for these sulfites were unknowa P rosulfite
was the only sulfite exported, and this was shipped to
More than 50 percent of the pyrosulfite production was shipped to
these countries.
v. Soluble Amines Production (Bldg 85)
This plant produced P-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and
m-toluylenediamine. The maximum estimate was 150 tons per year. None of these
amines were exported, but were used domestically mainly as dyestuff intermediates,
w. Ultrazoles Production (Bldg 86)
This product was known as azoic dye or naphthol AS dye. It was
produced by reacting hydroxynaphthoic acid and aniline, condensing with PC13,
to yield naphthol AS. Production varied from 300 to 400 tons per year. Small
quantities were exported to South America, and the Scandinavian countries,
but most of the product was consumed in Czechoslovakia. PC13 was imported from
PIESTERITZ, East Germany. he Usti Nad Labem plant was the only
user of PC13 in Czechoslov a.
x. Barium Chloride and Calcium Chloride Production (Bldg 88)
Barium chloride was produced in crystal form, reagent grade, and in
solution form. Most of the produotion was consumed in the Spolek Chemical Combine
for use in the sleotrolysis of salt. Some barium chloride was sent to the Novaky
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a n d Neratovio plants. I was rumored that the production of barium chloride would
be moved to P EROV or BRUSOV. Production figures on barium chloride were unknown.
Some calcium chloride was also produced in this plant.
y. Blanc Fix (Bldg 89)
This production consisted chiefly of barium sulfate and was used in
various paper filling plants in Czechoslovakia. Production figures were unknown.
z. Sodium Fluoride, Ammonium Fluoride, and Barium Sulfate Production
(Bldg 89)
Production figures for these chemicals were unknown. Up to 1952
and 1953 this plant produced hydrofluoric acid.
aa. Tungstic Acid Production (Bldg 90)
An estimated 500 tons per year of tungstic oxide (W03) of the purest
quality was produced for use in the metallurgical industry. It was mainly used
for filaments or special steels. It was consumed in Czechoslovakia and not exported.
In this building calcium molybdate, ammonium sulfate, and freon
(in the pilot stage) was produced. Freon production started in June 1958 and was
estimated at 100 tons per year.
bb. Sulfuric Acid Production (Bldg 98)
This plant produced 42,000 to 45,000 tons of 100 percent sulfuric
acid yearly. Chlorosulfonic acid production was roughly estimated at 5000 to
7000 tons per year. The ohlorosulfonie acid was consumed mainly by the
Czechoslovak pharmaceutical industry. Because of a shortage of sulfuric acid in
Czechoslovakia, this product was not exported. It was produced at the Usti Ned
Labem plant by the catalytic oxidation of vanadium.
In the Neratovioe plant, the production was roughly estimated at
5000 to 7000 tons per year, mainly for the pharmaceutical industry. It was chiefly
used in the manufacture of saccharine and sulfa drugs.
oo. Bleach Powder Production (Bldg 103)
Calcium hypoohiorite (solid) and sodium hypoohlorite (solution) were
the only chemicals produced in this plant. Production figures were unknown.
Source stated that research was being parried on at the Research Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry at dSTf NAD LABEM to find some way of stablizing calcium
hypoohlorite during storage. The institute believed that the solution to the
problem was in the preparation of calcium hypochlorite instead of using additives
to stabilize it.
dd. Liquid and Gaseous Chlorine Production (Bldga 108 and 109)
Exact production figures were unknown, but an estimated production
figure for both liquid and gaseous chlorine we 16,000 tons per year. Most of the
chlorine produced was used in the plant in USTI MAD LABEL
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The three plants in Czechoslovakia that produced chlorine, were in
USTI NAD LABEM, NERATOVICE, and NOVAKY. It was estimated that the Novaky plant
produced approximately 13,000 tons of chlorine (liquid and gaseous) per year.
The Neratoviee plant, which produced 16,000 tons per year, was ultimately to become
the greatest producer in Czechoslovakia, as the plant was being enlarged.
ee. DDT and Chloral Production (Bldg 110)
Chloral was produced and converted into technical grade DDT. From
1955 to 1957 an average of 1000 tons of DDT was produced yearly. In 1958 Pro-
duction dropped to 500 or 600 tons per year, because export demands declined.
China, which was the chief importer, decided not. to import large amounts of DDT.
The plant at tSTI NAD LLBEM sent the technical grade of DDT to NERATOVICE for
formulation. Plans were made to use this building and enlarge its facilities for
the production of 2,4-D herbicides.
ff. Octadecylamine Production (Bldg 117)
Construction of this plant started in April or May 1958 and was not
completed as of September 1958 This plant was designed to
produce an estimated 100 to 200 tons per year of ootadecylamine for use as an
inhibitor for corrosion of steam pipes.
gg. Solid Caustic Soda Production (Bldg 118)
This plant received KOH and NaOH in solution and evaporated it to
dryness. Production figures were unknown, but it was consumed
in Czechoslovakia. This building also housed a small room for purifying NaOH and
KOH for use in analytical work.
hh. Magnesium and Zino Chloride Production (Bldg 120)
This plant produced MgC12 and ZnC12 in solution form,and also ZnC12
in solid form. These chemicals were not used at the plant at UST NAD LABEM, but
consumed in other plants (names unknown) in Czechoslovakia. Estimated production
of these two chemicals combined did not exceed 500 tons per year.
ii. Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide Production (Bldg 121)
Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were imported from East
Germany (Strassfurt area). These salts were electrolyzed, using the mercury cell
method, and yielded sodium hydroxide or potassium droxide, chlorine, and hydrogen.
Production figures were unknown. The plant at USTI NAD LABEM was the only plant
in Czechoslovakia that produced potassium hydroxide.
ii. Calcium Chloride Production (Bldg 124)
Waste lime was reacted with hydrochloric acid to produce technical
grade calcium chloride solution. Approximately 500 to 1000 tons were produced
annually. This product was not exported, but used entirely in Czechoslovakia.
kk. Potash Production (Bldg 126).
This was the only plant in Czechoslovakia (except the plant at KOLIN)
that produced potash. Potash production was approximately 500 tons per year.
None was exported.
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11. Permanganate Production (Bldg 128)
Manganese dioxide was imported from the USSR, Rumania, and Hungary
as one of the ingredients for producing potassium permanganate. Each year 1500
tons were produced. It was exported chiefly~o outh America and the Scandinavian
countries. It was not used in the plant at USTt NAD LABEM but s~ nt.,to NERATOVICE
for use in the production of saccharine. There were plans at IISTI NAD LABEM to
enlarge the present plant, as potassium permanganate was a good product for export;
but because of the production of potassium permanganate at BITTERFELD, East Germany,
these plans were discarded.
mm. Artificial Manganese Dioxide Produotioh (Bldg 129)
Neratovioe p;an and other plants in Czechoslovakia sent the sludge
of Mn02 to the plant at USTT NAD LABEM. This technical grade of Mn02 was treated
with diluted sulfuric acid at high temperatures, filtered, and dried. This process
yielded Mn02 in a range of 75 percent active oxygen. This synthetic Mn02 was used
chiefly in making dry batteries in Czechoslovakia. Estimated production was 400
tons per year.
nn. Anthraquinone Production (Bldg 141)
Anthraquinone was produced by the oxidation of anthracene. The plant
at USTI NAD LABEM was the chief consumer of this product, but in the future a
large amount w slto be shipped to RYBITVf for the production of dyes. In 1957,
bhe plant at USTI NAD LABEM produced 180 tons and in 1958 produced 220 tons. In
1958 the building was enlarged and its capacity was to be approximately, 250 tons
per yearo
oo. Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide Production (Bldg 144)
Information entered in this report for Bldg 121 applies to Bldg 144.
pp. Miscellaneous Information
Activated carbon had not been produced in the plant in USTI NAD LLBE
since 1925, when the manufacture was transferred to the plant at HRU 0V. The Hru ov
plant was still producing activated carbon. There was no war gas production or
ohemioal warfare research conducted at the Usti Nad Labem plant on toxin agents.
no plant in Czechoslovakia producing methyl dichlorophosphene or 25X1
diethyl mr phosphonite. no plant in Czechoslovakia producing 25X1
parathron or systox.
C'ONFJDFNT/A L
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CONCEPT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SPOLEK CHEMICAL COMM AT USTI. NAD IABI, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Plant Organization of
Communist Party
t - - - - - Enterprise Director
Main Plant at
USTI
Production
Production
Q I Department
Construction
and
Maintenance
Plant Physicians
Clinic
L__
J
Power
Department
Plant
Canteen
dministrative
Department
A Plant Committee of
ROH
Other Depts,
probably di-
rectly subor-
dinate to Di-
Technical Control
Planning
Cadre
^Labor and Wages
Sc1iool Cadre
Auxiliary Plants
RElflIICE
RCUINICE
DUCHCGP
I LL
-z
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C~
1
N
L M
~L~~~LLL 1
14- 01~
0
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT AT THE SPOIEK aNMICAL L INEIPI USTI?NAD IABEM
Chief
Engineer
Incentive
Awards
Electrolysis
Section
Twenty Plants
Safety
Sulfuric Acid
Section
Chief
Coordinator
Cryolite
Section
Twelve Plants Four Plants
Triohloro-
ethylene
Section
Meters
and
Gauges
Plant
Research
H
Inorganic
Laboratory
H Organic
Laboratory
Technical
Library
11
Projects
Synthetic
Resins
Section
Tar-Dyes
Section
Six Plants even Plants
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Annex C
ORGANIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION SECTIONS AT ThE SPMM CHEMICAL COMBINE jIN;USTI:NAD IABEN1
Chief
of
Section
Planning
Department
N
x
Planning
Chief
Mechanic
I
Research &
Development
co to Needs)
Individual
Plants
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Annex D
LIST OF WESTERN CHEMICAL PUBLICATIONS IN THE TECHNICAL LIBRARY
AT SPOLEK CHEMICAL COMBINE, IN USTI NAD' 7ABEM (C)
"American Dyestuff Reporter"
"Analyst" (England)
"Analytical Chemistry" (WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A.)
"Angewandte Chemie" (West Germany)
"Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry" (LONDON, England)
"Annual Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry" (LONDON, England)
"ASTM-Bulletin" (USA)
"Atomics" (LONDON, England)
"Beriohte der Deutsohen Chemisohen Gesellsohaft" (West Germany)
"Brennstuff-Chemie" (West Germany)
"British Abstracts" (LONDON, England)
"British Plastics" (LONDON. England)
"Canadian Journal of Chemistry" (Canada)
"Chemical Abstracts" (USA)
"Chemical Age" (LONDON, England)
"Chemical and Engineering News" (USA)
"Chemical Industries" (USA)
"Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering" (England)
"Chemical and Process Engineering" (England)
"Chemical Trade Journal" (England)
"Chemie-Ingenieur Technik" (West Germany)
"Chemisoher Zeitung" (West Germany)
"Chemisohe Teohnik" (West Germany)
"Chemisohes Zentralblatt" (West Germany)
"Chemistry and Industry" (England)
"Chemia" (Switzerland)
"Chemie at Industrie" (France)
"Ciba-Rundsahau" (Switzerland)
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"Dyer, Textile Printer" (England)
"Experientia" (Switzerland)
"Farbe and Lacke" (West Germany)
"Gazzeta Chemica Italians" (Italy)
"Helvetioa Chemioa Aota" (Switzerland)
"India Rubber Journal" (England)
"Industrial Engineering Chemistry" (USA)
"Journal of the American Chemical Society"
"Journal of Applied Chemistry" (England)
"Journal of Chemical Education" (USA)
"Journal of the Chemical Society" (LONDON, England)
"Journal of Physical Chemistry" (USA)
"Journal of Polymer Science" (USA)
"Journal fOr Praktisohe Chemie" (West Germany)
"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture" (England)
"Journal of Scientific Instruments" (England)
"Kolloir- Zeitsohrift" (West Germany)
"Kunststoffe" (West Germany)
"Liebig's Annalen der Chemie" (West Germany)
"Makromolekulare Chemie" (West Germany)
"Manufacturing Chemistry" (West Germany)
"Melliand Textile Berichte" (West Germany)
"Modern Plastics" (USA)
"Nature" (LONDON, England)
"Oel and Kohle" (Probably West Germany)
"Oesterreiohisohe Chemiker Zeitung" (Austria)
"Organic Syntheses" (USA)
"Paint, Oil and Colour Journal" (England)
"Plastics" (England)
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"Quarterly Review" (England)
"Reeueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas" (Probably Netherlands or France)
"Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry" (Country of publication unrecalled)
"Revue des Produits Chimiques" (France)
"Rubber Age" (England)
"Zeitschrift f{lr analytische Chemie" (West Germany)
"Zeitsehrift far angewandte Chemie" (West Germany)
"Zeitschrift f{lr anorganische Chemie" (West Germany)
"Zeitschrift f{ir anorganisehe and allgemeine Chemie" (West Germany)
"Zeitschrift far Elektrochemie and Angewandte Physikalische Chemie" (West Germany)
"Zeitsehrift Mr Elektrochemie Beriehte der Bunsengesellschaft"
"Zeitschrift fir Physikalische Chemie" (Country of publication unrecalled)
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CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT AT THE SPOLEK CHEMICAL CO['BIINF IN USTI NAD LA !
Chief
Mechanic
Construction
Department
Maintenance
Department
Shops
Machine
Shop
Boiler
Shop
Electric
Shop
Sheet Metal
Shop
Cabinet
Shop
Pipe
Shop
Masonry
Shop
Carpenter
Shop
Paint
Shop
Lead
Shop
Incentive
Machine
Shop
Rubber
shop:'
Roads and Ground
Shop
Hroby
Lead Plant
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Annex F
POWER DEPA1fl T AT != SPOLM MWCAL COMBINE N USTI NAD LABEM
Chief
Powerman
Transformer Plant
Narrow-Gauge Railroad
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPAR'1 IT AT THE SPQL CHH.1ICAL COMBINE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
z
0
Legal Section
Housing Administration
Bookkeeping Section
Purchasing
Selling
Printing
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Legend to Annex G
THE SPOLEK CHEMICAL COMBINE AT USTI NAD LABEM,
CZECHOSLOVAKIA (C)
1. Main Entrance: This entrance had. a nearby guardhouse (a two-story brick
building) and was open and guarded 24 hours a day. It was a combination pedestrian,
vehicle, and railroad entrance. A "time clock for keeping employees' working time
was located in the guardhouse.
la. Upper Entrance (Horn Vratnioe): This was a pedestrian and vehicle
entranoe, which was guarded 24 hours,a day. The guardhouse also contained a time
clock for employees using this entrance#
lb. Side Entrance (Zadn Vratnioe): This was a pedestrian entrance only
and was open and guarded 24 hours a day. The guardhouse also contained a t~aw
clock.
lc. Railroad Gate: This gate was normally closed and locked. It was
opened only when a train came from or went to the nearby city power plant. The
key for the looked gate was retained at the power plant.
2. Research Institute for Inorganic Chemistry: This was a two-story brick
building constructed in 1697. It had about 50 rooms, including the basement and
attic.
The basement contained storage rooms, a photo shop, looker rooms, and a
water distillation room. The first floor contained an experimental production
test room, laboratories, offices, conference rooms, and two shower rooms. The
second floor contained laboratories and offices. The attic was used as a storage
room for old laboratory equipment and spare parts.
The only entrance to this building was through the admin,stration building.
3. Administration Buildings This was a ten-story, reinforced concrete and brick
building with a flat roof. It was constructed in 1927 he 25X1
first floor contained offices, a waiting room, guard room, and a ;alepM.e`
central. which was modernized in about 1954?
The director and chief engineer had offices on the third floor. The chief
mechanic's offices were on the fourth floor, and the chief of the Administrative
Department had offices on the fifth floor. The seventh floor contained offices of
the chief powerman, while the entire, ninth floor we loaned to Chemoprojekt, an
institute for planning and drawing new chemical plants, It was 'subordinate tor-the Ministry
of Chemical Industry and not part of the Spolek Chemical Combine. The tenth floor
contained the technical library and the Spolek Chemical Combine archives.
4. Canteen: This was a one-story brick building with a wood and tar paper
roof. It was one of the oldest buildings in the plant.
5. ROH Buildings This two-story brick building contained offices and meeting
halls of the plant ROH organization. In addition, it contained part of the technical
library, glass-blowing shops, some offices of the plant Transportation Department,
and the plant newspaper.
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6. Large Open Scales (used for weighing trucks).
7. Paint Shops This was a very old, two-story, brick building with a tile
roof.
8. Superphosphate Plant: This was a two-story brick building.
9. Superphosphate Warehouses This was a one-story brick building with a
wood and tar paper roof. It was connected to the superphosphate plant by an
overhead enclosed bridge. This building had been bombed during World War II and,
with the exception of the eastern end, had been rebuilt in 19450 The superphosphates
were stored in piles in this warehouse, where they were allowed to "ripen" for a
few weeks.
10. Motorcycle and Bicycle Parks This was a one-story brick building.
11. Nitrogen Plant: This was a two-story brick building at least 40 years
old. Before 1953 ammonia had been produced here, but sine then nitrogen was its
sole product.
12. Solvents Plant: This was a two-story brick building with a tile roof.
13. Warehouse: This one-story brick building with a wooden and tar-paper
roof was used for storage of misoellaneous material.
14. Ammonia Storage Vats: There were a total of four open-topped vats used
for storing concentrated ammonia.
15. Creosol Storage Tanks: These three metal tanks rested on cement foundations
and each had a 15,000-liter capacity.
16. Butyl Alcohol Storage Tanks This storage tank had a capacity of 15,000
liters.
17. Masonry and Maintenance Shops: This brick one-story building was constructed
about 1908.
18. Lead Shops This was a brick one-story building.
19. Unidentified Building: A brick one-story building. Use unknown.
20. Unused Gas Storage Tanks: These tanks, each about 12 m high, were scheduled
to be dismantled in 1958-
21. Unused Building: This one-story brick building was also scheduled to be
dismantled in 1958.
22. Cryolite Plant: This reinforced concrete two-story building was constructed
during the years 1952 and 1953? In 1956, the roof caved in from heavy snows and
winds and was not repaired until 1958-
23. Cryolite Building: This two-story reinforced-concrete building, constructed
in 1952 and 1953)was the plant where oryolite was actually produced.
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24. Warehouses This open-sided building was used for temporary storage of
new machinery and equipment.
25. Unidentified Building: The present use of this three-story brick building
was unknown to Source. Stannic chloride (Sn C14) was produced here until about 1935.
26. Carbon Bisulfide Laboratories and Offices: This was a brick two-story
building.
27. Carbon Bisulfide Plant: This brick two-story building was constructed
about 1940. It had the highest smokestack in the factory, and the equipment was
modern and up-to-date.
28. Sulfur Melting Building: This one-story brick building was part of the
carbon bisulfide plant. It was constructed about 1940-
29. Carbon Bisulfide Distillation Building: This brick two-story building
was also constructed about 1940.
30. "Claus Oven it" The waste products of the carbon bisulfide distillation
process were burned in this oven to produce raw sulfur. It was a brick one-story
building constructed about 1940-
31- Carbon Bisulfide Storage Tanks: These two underground storage tanks each
had a capacity of about 15 tons.
32. Gas Generator Plants This was a one-story brick-concrete building about
12 m high. It had approximately 8 to 10 ovens and operated 24 hours a day.
33? Alizarin Plant: This was a two-story brick-concrete building which
had been reconstructed and modernized after a fire in 1949? It contained filter
presses and vats for the production of alizarin
34? Alizarin -Plant Dressing Rooms and Shops: This was an old, one-story
brick building with a tar paper roof.
35. Beta-Amino Anthraquinone Plants This was a brick two-story building which
had been constructed about 1930-
36. Ostanthrene Blue Plant: This was a two-story brick building constructed
about 1930-
37- Ostanthrene Blue Chlorination Plant: This brick-concrete two-story building
was constructed' several years ago (exact date of construction unknown).
38. Water Tower: This water tower was approximately 50 years old, of circular
construotion, made of bricks and was partly undergound. It extended about 6 m
above the ground.
39. Triohloroethylene Plant: This briok-oonorete three-story building was
constructed about 1940. It was enlarged in 1957 in order to double its production
capacity.
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40. Trichloroethylene Chlorination and Absorbtion Towers: These were three
iron towers covered with wooden roofs. They were each about 12 m high and were
constructed about 1941 or 1942.
41. Trichloroethylene Storage Building: This one-story brick building was
constructed about 1941 or 1942.
42. Trichloroethylene Plant Offices, Laboratories, and Dressing Rooms: This
was a two-story brick building constructed about 1941 or 1942.
43? Water Tower: This old water tower was partially underground. It was
about 15 m high, of circular shape, and constructed of brick.,
44? Warehouse for Ceramic and Glass Vessels: This was a one-story brick
building with a tar-paper roof.
45. Warehouse for Ceramic and Glass Vessels: This building was the same
construction and of the same use as item 44-
46. Xanthate Plant: This brick two-story building was the former Trichloro-
ethylene Plant but had been converted to xanthate production in 1951-
47-' Ammonium Chloride Plant: This was a brick two-story building with a new
roof. It was the only ammonium chloride plant in Czechoslovakia.
48.
Hydrochloric Acid Plant: This was a brick two-story building.
49?
Unused Plant: This three-story brick building was the former sodium
sulfate
plant. Production of sodium sulfate was discontinued in 1958 and the
plant was being dismantled. Its future use was unknown.
50. Epichlorohydrin Plant: This was a three-story brick building, which
was constructed about 1955 or 1956.
51. Dye Mixing Plants This was a reinforced doncrete six-story building.
It had been constructed in about 1935, but in 1958 two new stories were added.
an air raid shelter and an emergency telephone central were
52. Boiler Shop (Kotlarna): This was a 50-year-old two-story brick building.
The piping (potrubarna) shop was also located in this building.
53. Machine Shops: This was a one-story brick building with a very high
ceiling.
54. Technical Control Building: This was a three-story brick building.
The largest portion of the building space contained chemical laboratories, but
the Gauges and Meters Section had some rooms on the first floor of this building.
55. Plant Kitchen: This was a brick two-story building about 50 years old.
In addition to the plant kitchen, the eastern part of the building had a package
receiving office.
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56. Sign Shop: This two-story brick building contained shops for painting
signs and posters.
57. Plant Dispensary: This former villa was a two-story brick building
about 60 years old. It contained all equipment and material for the efficient
operation of a large dispensary.
58. Electrical Goods Warehouse: This was an old wood and brick two-story
building with a tar-paper roof.
59? Cabinet Shop: This was a two-story brick building.
60. Incentive Machine Shop: This was a one-story brick building.
61. Carpenter Shop: This was a thin brick-walled one-story building with a
tar-paper roof.
62. Warehouse: The type of material or equipment stored in this thin-walled,
one-story brick building was unknown.
63. Gauges and Meters Shop: This was a two-story brick building. In addition
to containing the gauges and meters shop, it had a laboratory in the eastern
part of the ground floor and dressing rooms in the basement.
64. Synthetic Precious Stones Plant: This was an old, two-story brick building
with a tile roof. This building also contained a pilot plant for the Inorganic
Chemistry Research Institute and a tool and instrument supply room.
65.
Electric Work Shops:
This two-story brick building was constructed around
1900.
66.
Transformer Station:
This was a one-story brick building about 50 years old.
67.
Hydrogen Gas Storage Tank: This metal, telescope-type tank reached a
maximum height of 15 m when the tank was full.
68. Azo Dyestuffs Plant: This reinforced concrete six-story building was
constructed .about ,1936,.
69. Dye Intermediates Plant. !7his was a four-or--five story- brick building
constructed. in about 1936.0 Ar'`American-built ice plant was also in this building.
These 'Make ice" machines were installed in 1936 or 1937 by an unrecalled American
firm.
70, Tar Dye Section Maintenance Shops: This two-story brick building was
about 40 years old. It was the former nitric acid plant, but production of this
acid was stopped in about 1954? In addition to maintenance shops, the building
contained a pilot plant for ion exchangers, the plant laundry, and a chemical
warehouse. It was rumored that the laundry was to be moved to the Velvety plant
during the latter part of 1958-
71- Sheet Metal Shop: This was a two-story brick building.
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72. 'Unused. Building: The northern end of 'this brick buildirig"`'was-one-storied
and the south end was two-storied. It was formerly used for the production of
benzoic acid, but production of this acid was halted in 1957-
73. Hydroxynaphthoio Acid Plant: The northern end of this brick building
was one-story and the southern and was two-story. In 1954 the building was
modernized and now equipment was installed.
74. Beta-Naphthol Plant: This two-story brick building was constructed about
1943-
75. Dian Plant: The northern end of this three-story brick building was used
as the than plant and the southern and contained offices for the beta-naphthol
plant. During World War II9 the building was bombed; it had been rebuilt after
the war.
76. Chemical Storage Tanks: Acetone, linseed oil and toluene were some of
the chemicals known to Source which were stored in these iron and aluminum tanks.
There were 4 or 5 tanks, each with a 15,000-liter capacity.
77. Synthetic Resins Plant: This was a four-story reinforced concrete building.
Construction of this building was begun in 1938 but was not completed until 1945.
78. Organic Laboratories: This three-story concrete building was constructed
in about .1937.
79. Sulfur Dye Drying Building: The northern and of this concrete and brick
building had two stories and the southern end had one story.
80. Sulfur Dyestuff Plant: This three-story concrete and brick building was
constructed in 1936.
81. Sulfur Dyestuff Warehouse: This was a one-story brick building with a wood
and tar-paper roof.
82. Open Water Storage Basin
83. Open Brown Coal Storage Area
84. Sulphite Plant: This was a two-story brick building with a wood and tar-
paper roof. It was constructed in about 1918.
85. Soluble Amines Plant: T h i s t wo - s t o r y brick building was constructed
in about 1918..
86. `ltrazoles Plant: This was a three-story brick building constructed about
1908 but rebuilt and renovated in 1947-
87- Ultrazoles Drying Room: This one-story brick building was constructed
about 1947-
08. Barium Chloride and Solid Calcium Chloride Plants This was a brick one-
story building about 12 m high. The western and of this building was not used
because of its age.
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89. Sodium Fluoride, Ammonium Fluoride and Barium Sulfate Plants This brick
two-story building was about 40 years old. A new roof had been placed on the building
in 1953. This plant had produced hydrofluoric acid until the completion
of the oryolite plant. sodium fluorosilicate may have also
been produced here.
90. Tungstio Acid Plant: This two-story brick building was about 40 years
old. Calcium molybdate, freon gas, and magnesium ammonium sulfate were also
produced in this building.
91. Abandoned Buildings: There were two or three one-story brick buildings
with tar-paper roofs located here.
92. Storage Area: Construction material such as lumber, bricks and concrete
were stored in this area.
93. Brown Coal Storage Area
94? Offices, Laboratories and Dressing Rooms of the Sulfuric Acid Plants This
was a two-story brick building with a flat roof, constructed in 1936.
95. Pyrites Furnaces: This was a three-story brick building about 25 m high
and open on the east side. Pyrites were burned in the furnaces for the manufacture
of sulfuric acid.
96. Storage Area: This was a storage area for pyrites. Pyrites were delivered
to the furnaces (item 95) by means of a large overhead crane. This same crane
was used to transport the waste materials from the furnaces to nearby railroad oars.
97. Unidentified Building: A brick two-story building.
98. Sulfuric Acid Plants This was a two-story brick building. It was much
higher than a normal two-story building. It was in this plant that the oxidation
of sulfur dioxide, the manufacture of ohlorosulfonic acid, the production of oleum,
and the manufacture of various grades of sulfuric acid took place.
99. Oleum Building: This two-story brick building was part of the sulfuric
acid plant. outside were
coolers and absorbing towers used in the preparation of oleum.
100. Warehouse: This two-story brick building was used for storing the waste
sulfuric acid. This waste was later used for the production of superphosphate.
The waste was stored in large iron tanks.
101. Rook Salt Storage Warehouse: This one-story brick building contained
rock salt used for electrolysis and dye mixing.
102. Office Buildings This two-story brick and wooden building contained
offices and dressing rooms for the employees of the chlorine and bleach plants.
103. Bleach Powder Plant: This was a two-story brick building. In this plant,
the Spolek Chemical Combine produced powdered bleach, liquid bleach and sodium
hypoohlorite.
104, Warehouses This three-story brick building was used for the storage
of clothing, lubricants, filter clothe, and rubber tires. Nothing made of metal
was stored here.
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105, Steam Plant: This was a two-story brick building.
106. Transformer Building: In addition to containing the plant's transformers,
this two-story brick building contained the plant's 1ai compressors and a water
purification and demineralization department. The USTI NAD LABEM plant had an
inter-factory compressed air line.
107. Water Cooling Towers: There were an unrecalled number of wooden towers
about 15 m high. These towers were used for cooling the hot,water~from 25X1
the steam plant. After the water was cooled, it was re-used.
108. Liquid Chlorine Plant: This was a two-story brick and concrete building
which had been renovated in about 1933? huge quantities of
liquid chlorine were stored here. The Ministry of National Defense attempted to
force the Spolek Chemical Combine to have underground storage facilities constructed
for the chlorine
109. Chlorine Gas Plant: This was a two-story brick building which was con-25X1
structed in about 1933-
110, DDT Plant: This was a two-story brick building which had been renovated
and modernized in 1947-
111. Water Tank: This was a concrete structure. Most of the tank had been
constructed underground. The circular shaped tank extended about 12 m above ground.
112. Rook Salt Warehouse: This was a one-story brick building with a tar-
paper roof.
113. Ruins: These were the ruins of an electrolysis plant; only part of the walls
remained standing. This was the first electrolysis plant at USTf NAD LABEM.
114. Inorganic Experimental Laboratories Buildings This was a one-story
brick building.
/ /115. Ruins: These ruins were also part of the first electrolysis plant at
USTI HAD LABEM.
116. Warehouses This was a brick two-story building. It was used for the same
purpose as the building listed as item 24-
1958
1 17. 1 ine Plants Construction of this plant began in April or May
118. Solid Caustic Soda Plants In addition to solid caustic soda, sodium
hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide were also produced in this brick two-story building.
119. Unidentified Buildings This was a brick two-story structure.
120. Magnesium and Zino Chloride Plant: This was a brick two-story building
with a tar-paper roof.
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121. Electrolysis Plani;s This one-story brick building was the older of two
electrolysis plants in the USTI NAD LABEL factory. Liquid caustic soda was produced
here.
122. Electric Power Converter Station: This was a one-story brick building.
123. Salt Brine Building: This was a one-story brick and concrete building.
124. Liquid Calcium Chloride Plant: This was a one-story brick building.
125. Repair Shops: This one-story brick building contained repair shops for
the electrolysis section.
126. Potash Plant: This was a two-story brick building.
127. Mercury Distillation Building: This was a one-story brick structure.
128. Permanganate Plants This two-story brick building with a tar-paper roof
was constructed in 1895?
129. Artificial Manganese Dioxide Plant: This was a one-story brick building
constructed about 1910.
130. Warehouse for Toxic and Inflammable Chemicals: This one-story brick building
was the former aniline dye plant. Production of this dye was stopped in 1946.
131. Unidentified Building: This was a brick one-story structure.
132. Shipping and Receiving Departments This department consisted of two
small one-story wooden buildings. Only small items were shipped from and received
by this department.
133. Dinitrobensens Granulation Station: There was no building in this area.
It contained outside equipment for granulation of dinitrobensene.
134. Unidentified Buildings This was a brick one-story structure.
135. Plant Fire Station and Guard Houses This brick two-story building was
utilised jointly by the plant firemen and the plant civilian guards.
136. Garages This brick two-story building was used as a garage for fire trucks.
137. Warehouses This was a two-story brick building used by the Shipping
Department as temporary storage for items due to be shipped out.
138. Warehouse: This two-story brick building was used for the same purpose
to the building listed as item 137. 25X1
139. "Culture House": This one-story brick building was constructed about
1948 and was used for ROH meetings and for conferences. It was occasionally used
by outside concerns for, meetings and conferences.
140. Emergency Water Storage Basin:
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141. Anthraquinone Plant: This was a two-story brick building constructed
about 1930.
142. Office and Laboratory Building: This brick two-story building contained
offices and laboratories for the electrolysis section.
143. Rubber Shop: This was a brick two-story building.
144. New Electrolysis Plant: This was a one-story brick building constructed
about 1936.
145. New Converter Building: This two-story brick structure was constructed
about 1936.
11+6.. Drum and Cask Building: Drums and casks were stored and cleaned in this
two-story brick building.
147. Inorganic Laboratories Pilot Plant: This was a brick one-story building.
In 1958 a new inorganic laboratory was added to this building.
148. Idle Building: This brick one-story building contained unused equipment
for the production of caustic soda.
149. Idle Converter Building: This brick one-story building still contained
old converter equipment, but it was not being used and had fallen into a state
of decay.
150. Inorganic Research Laboratories: This was a one-story brick building.
151. Dye Powdering and Pasting Building: This was a two-story brick building.
Here, dyes were ground into microscopic particles or made into pastes for printing
purposes.
152. Dye Paste Building: This brick one-story building had been a former
varnish preparation plant but was now making fine pastes.
153. New Water Tank: not know the capacity of this concrete water
tank. It was constructed about 1952 and extended about 5 m.abovegroun.d, with
the majority of its mass being underground.
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141. Anthraquinone Plant: This was a two-story brick building constructed
about 1930.
142. Office and Laboratory Building: This brick two-story building contained
offices and laboratories for the electrolysis section.
143. Rubber Shop: This was a brick two-story building.
144. New Electrolysis Plant: This was a one-story brick building constructed
about 1936.
145. New Converter Building: This two-story brick structure was constructed
about 1936.
11+6.. Drum and Cask Building: Drums and casks were stored and cleaned in this
two-story brick building.
147. Inorganic Laboratories Pilot Plant: This was a brick one-story building.
In 1958 a new inorganic laboratory was added to this building.
148. Idle Building: This brick one-story building contained unused equipment
for the production of caustic soda.
149. Idle Converter Building: This brick one-story building still contained
old converter equipment, but it was not being used and had fallen into a state
of decay.
150. Inorganic Research Laboratories: This was a one-story brick building.
151. Dye Powdering and Pasting Building: This was a two-story brick building.
Here, dyes were ground into microscopic particles or made into pastes for printing
purposes.
152. Dye Paste Building: This brick one-story building had been a former
varnish preparation plant but was now making fine pastes.
153. New Water Tank: not know the capacity of this concrete water
tank. It was constructed about 1952 and extended about 5 m.abovegroun.d, with
the majority of its mass being underground.
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