CHIRCHIK CHEMICAL PLANTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A051200750001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 26, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 2, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

CENTRAL .INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contalna Information affect l" the National Defines of the United States within the meaning of the ipioaage Laws. Title
18. V.B.C. Sees. Tat and 7N, the tsanmalselan or revelation of which In any manner to an unauthorlsed person Is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY USSR (Uzbek SSR
11 y
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DATE DISTR.
a No vemlae *- )9s7
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
Irritating Smoke from Elektro: ombinat
1. During summer 1958 and spring 1959, and for periods of two to
three. months, the inhabitants. of Chi chik noticed the following: two or
three times a week, and always in the afternoon, a yellowish smoke
emitted from the smokestacks of Elektrokhimkombinat (Electro-
Chemical Plant) in the outskirts of Chrichik. This lasted for about
one-half hour. When the wind carried the smoke into towh, people
felt a burning sensation in the exposed parts of their bodies, and
their eyes began to water. Sometimes the irritation was so great
that for relief they would pat the affected areas with their
handkerchiefs. When the smoke was carried to Settlement(zhilgorodok)
No. 11+ inhabitants left their homes and did not Tat
until the smoke was gone. The smoke was odorless.
Uzbekkhimmash
2. A report on the Uzbek Chemical, Machinery Plant i/{a Frunze (Uzbekkhimmash)
in Chirchik
Very general information is given on
plant labor force, salaries, and markings data. Production data
were unknown. Sketches and legends are given for plant layout.
C- O-N-F- I-D-E-N-T- I-A-L
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1. The Uzbek Chemical Machinery ilding Plant i/m Frunze (Uzbokakiy
KhimjcheBkiy Mashino-Stroite:L Zavod i/m Frunze), also known as Uzbekkhl mash,
ocated in the outskirts of Chi, z%1_7S_9R, Usbekkhimmash was
built before World War IIland until 1912 it was a part of the Elektrokhi.m-
kombinat (Electro-Chemical Combine). In 19b2, however, machinery taken from r
plans the European areas of the USSR which were evacuated was installed
at Uzbekkhimmasho At that time the plant became independent of Elektrokhim-
kombinat, and was subordinated to the Ministry of Medium Machine Construction,
It was given the name Middle Asian Chemical Machinery Building Plant
(Sredni Aziats Khimicheski Mashino-StroitelnYy Zavod) which was abbrevi-~
WWLI~
od` a"' `Yo
T9 Be
ale to S as a r t
no c angel were effected. In 19 7, however., the plant 50X1-HUM
was turned over to the Sovaarkhoz'of the Uzbek SSR, in Tashkent, at which
time it received its present named the plant management 50X1-HUM
as well as the workers were pleased with the change in subordination; help
and guidance were received faster from Tashkent than from Moscow. In 1958
the Second Mechanical Shop and Second Boiler Shop (KotelrOL Tsekh)were
established; t h e Forge (Kuznets Tsekh and First er were
enlarged in June 1959
2, U%bekk'himmash produced boilers for sugar factories and for the production u P
alcohol. It also produced co ressors which,
the monthly production report which was pub ishco 50X1-HUM
by the plant gave the figures either in rubles or in percentages, an.d no,.-. in
number of items produced?
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3. The Consumers' Goods Shop (Shirprotreb) produced up to 40,000 items of
kitchonware per month, which wasas'ir ued at about 260,000 rubles, The
items consisted of flatware and various kitchen spoons and ladles. Up to
1956 these itens were produced from the factory's steel scraps. Fron 1956
on, however,, the scrap was piled in the plant's yard; the flatware was
then manufactured from stainless steel shoots 'of one or two millimeter
thickness, which were purchased from other plants.
4. When 1ioissei Nikolabrevich Platonov took over as director of the plant in
1952 quotas were not being fulfilled and the plant was subsidized. After
that, however, quotas were always met. The peak year for production was
1958, when the plant made a net profit of nine and a half million rubles.
5,
6,
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50X1-HUM
in 1958 some letters of com-
plaint
had been received from Czechoslovakia, Hungary and
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HUM
China.
these countries had received boilers manup
-
factured at Uzbekkhiiranaah and were dissatisfied with them, which brought
disgrace to the, USSR. An immediate improvement in production was ordered.
production of boilers was
50X1-HUM
to be stepped up and production of compressors to be cut down.
7, All raw material was received through the Sovnarkhoz of the Uzbek SSR, and
the original source of supply was not known Once only, in 1958,
an announcement was made that a change was to take place and that ,stainless
steel sheets would be ordered from Kiev. This, it was stated, was because
of the complaints of the ` Consumers' Goods Shop on the' poor quality of" steel
sheets received.' The stainless steel sheets received subsequent to the
change were of far better quality.
8. Uzbekkhirtenash was supplied with power by Flektrokhimkombinat, Water was
taken from the Chirchik water system. Coke and coal were used to pro-vide
heat and steam. In the first half of 1959, however, a large' pipeline for
natural gas was being laid in the vicinity of both factories, It was
officially announced that it wasa portion of a pipeline which would extend
from Bukhara (N 39-46, B.64-25) to Alma-Ata (N 143.15, E 76-57). As soon as
the. pipeline reached Chirchik, Blektrokhirakonbinat and Uzbekkhi.mnash were to
convert to the use of natural gas.
Labor FQrce
9, estimated the factory's labor force at about 3,040 people, 20% of whore 50X1-HUM
were women. of the total, approximately 3.,000 persons worked in supervisory,,
administrative and technical positions. Up to 19149, a large number of
Japanese prisoners of war had worked in the factory=.
many North Koreans' began working 50X1-HUM
there? In 1958, 'rdghachool girls and boys reported for work as part of the
program to have high-school students work in a factory or a kolkhoz before
entering a university. A large blackboard near the entrance to the factory
listed the factory's needs for help. The applicants responded quickly, and
the factory was never short of help. The applicants submitted their labor
book, a certificate of residence, and a certificate of-education,', Those who
were accepted for employment were required to -ass'a physical examination
given by the dispensary,
3.0, E-ach fall, during the cotton harvest time, a considerable number of workers
was laid off. The excuse was that there was insufficient work, It was gen-
erally believed, however, that it vas cone for the purpose of releasing people
for use in picking cotton. according to Soviet law, workers who are dismissed
receive 15 days' pay, With this money, some workers went to other areas and
they frequently did not return,, Therefore, Uzbekkhi :.ash-had to employ many-
new workers in the late fall of each year,
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Approximately 20% of the labor force was fired annually. The main
reasons for firing workers were drunkenness and talking back to the super-
visors. Lateness for work and absenteeism were not severely punished,
A worker could be late for work two or three times a year without being
reprimanded. Attendance of administrative personnel was checked at the
main entrance, where a pass was turned in. The workers handed their passes
to a checker (tabelahchitsa)in the shop. The passes were distributed to
the workers at ego he day.
Was
11, Workers were paid on Use basis of number of pieces produced, as shown on
the work orders. All other personnel was on a straight salary basis. The
director received 3,500 rubles a'month, In addition, he was given a
business car and living quarters. He received a bonus of 1,500 rubles
when the plant fulfilled its quota, In the Consumers# Goods Shop salaries
ranged from 350 rubles paid to women operating the polishing machines to
1,100 rubles paid to men operating the presses. the 50X1-HUM
discrepancy between women's and men's pay was because men complained louder
and their salaries were raised more frequently, in 50X1-HUM
effect, salaries decreased each year, because daily quotas were raised.
12,
The following
deduct ns were m _ income tax, 10%, state loan,
10%, labor union dues, 1%; Red Cross, 3 rubles a year.
Pay days were twice a month, on the 10th and 25th day.
On the 25th, only
13.
advances were made, and final accounting was done on the 10th. About eight
or nine times a year the pay was delayed three to four days. The excuse
given for such delays was that there was no money available in the State
Bank (Gosbank). Limited overtime was authorized; however, workers were never
paid of r =the overtime they uorkedo The last ten days each month long
work hours were required from everyone. The Consurnera' Goods Shop worked
about fifteen Sundays a year,
14. Leave was based on the type of work performed, not on seniority. The two
most important factors taken into consideration were the temperatures to
which the worker was subjected, and the extent to which his health was
affected by the work. Haximum annual leave was 24 working daVe.
The time each employee was to take his leave
was announced by a shop order signed by the chief of the shop. Leave was
compulsory, even though only about 10% of the workers could afford to take
leave and lose the extra pay resulting from overtime and higher production,
There were two ways of avoiding taking leave. The worker could go on leave,
but would be called back to work by a shop order. This method required
previous arrangement with the chief of the shop. The other way was for the
worker to come in and work unofficially,'in which case the forerun made out
the orders in the name of another worker, The two workers shared the pay.
The factory had its own rest center (d ha) which charged 12 rubles a
day. Few workmen could afford to go tere.
Sec
15. The guard force consisted of 14 persons, mostly elderly men and women. There
were only three entrances to be guarded; two for the personnel, and one for
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the train. The guards were not very efficient; furthermore, they could
easily be bribed to overlook it when things were carried out of the plant.
Safety
16, The factory had a small fire brigade; there were no practice drills. There
was a safety inspector, but most safety precautions were not strictly en-
forced and many accidents occurred. In 1958, five press operators in the
Consumers' Goods Shop lost the fingers of their left hands.
Civil Defense
17. No one paid any attention to civil defense orders. The chief of the responsible
office, 3ondarenko (fnu) was imanded failing to carry out
his duties. Bondarenko and his staff were 50X1-HUM
receiving training in the use of gas masks. A cnenist, Itanov (fnu had
given some lectures on atomic raids and 'protection from radiation.
There were no bomb shelters in 50X1-HUM
the factory.
18. In 1957, construction of a club for the workmen was completed. The club,
which was located in town, was a large building which cost the factory ten
million rubles. It housed a movie, a theatre, a large dance or assembly
hall, a restaurant and a library, Theatre groups from Tashkent came regularly
to perform in the club's theatre. Plays were given in the Russian,
Uzbek and Tatar languages. The foundry, forge and boiler shop had saunas
which could be used by all employees.
Personalities
19o Personalities in the plants 50X1-HUM
Moissei 'Nikolayevich Platonov
became director of the plant.
he was first engineer until 1952, and then
Konstantin Fillipovicln 7aierebchuk who was
first enginoer..
Aleksandrov (fnu),
j who was the first technologist,,
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Factor? Harkink,s
20. The trademark of the factory was a round petal disk, about 8 centimeters in
diau-eter. In the center there was a bunch offlowers (or wheat). Around
the upper semi-circle, written in capital Cyrillic letters were the words:
ZAVOD UZi3EKKiIIi?a?,ASH. The trademark was fastened to each piece of equipment
with two little bolts. (See sketch below)
50X1-HUM
21L, In addition to the trademark, an identification plate was fastened in the
same manner to each piece of equipment. The plate was 12 x 20 centimeters,
and was made from sheet iron on which the words "size", "weight", "pressure",
and "number" were stemped., They were followed by a blank space which was
filled in for each individual piece. (See sketch below)
n
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\rea ,bourn! t:zb,kkhimmasn
22 Follotrir is jr, acinotat(:, s,r tct. of t l(
L;.IT.SA.
.....+.....w? , IN A.~4 , ...tA KCi j *,..Y.,..~.w..~.,-.v...+...r..~..-.
riot to Scale
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C-O-H-F-I D-E-N4-I-a?L
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Le end
1. Usbekkhirmnash
2. The section of E1cktrokhitrltot tbinat which houses the rain shops
(Usbekkhimmash divided Elektrokiiirakoinbinat in two sections).
3. The section of rlektrokhix*ombinat which houses the auxiliary shops.
4, Central Recreational Park (Tsentralnyy Park Ot a)
Brick building used as barracks for an infantry battalion.
the battalion's only duty
was to defend k:lektrokhimkombinat and Uzbekkhimrlash in case of emergency,
6. .movie theatre built by Elektrokhin-kombinat for its workers and named
after it. Uzbekkhimmash workers were also permitted to attend the,film
showings.
7e Workers' Settlement (Zhilgorodok) Number l4,'which`had previously been
used as a camp for Japanese prisoners of war. Its address was
Zheleznodorozhnaya Ulitsa, and the house numbers were from 1 to 57. The
settlement consisted of brick houses of one to five apartments and brick
barracks of fifteen apartments. Only the kitchens of each apartment
had running water. There was no plumbing in the buildings, only outhouses.
The settlement received its electric power from Elektroichimkombinat.
Power, however, was scarce, available usually only in the evenings and
during the night. Occasionally it was completely cut off. There were
coal burning stoves in each apartment'for hceati our poses. The co
could be purchased from Uzbekkhimmash.
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"8_
Description of the Plant
23. The plant was about 600 x 400 meters. The ground within the factory
walls was level and all roads had been asphalt paved in 1953. Except
for the factory park, there were no-trees or shrubbery in the area.
Following is a description of Uzbekkhimmash (the numbers correspond
to those on the sketch of the plant which is on page 12.)
1. The Administration Building . a three-story brick building with
a gable roof. The main entrance to the plant for pedestrians and
vehicles was through an alleyway in this building. The following
offices were housed in the Administration Building.
First Floor
a. The Bookkeeping Department, with about 18 employees.
Bondarenko (fnu) was Chief Bookkeeper.
b. Personnel Office (Otdel Kadrov), with five employees,
Kravsina (fnu) was ief.
C. Finance and Sales Department (Otdel Finansov i Sbyta),
with four employees.
Supply Department (Otdel Snabzhenira), with eight employees,,
Chernovskiy (fnu) was iC ef~~.....~
e. A self-service mesehall, which could take care of only 1O% of
the workmen during the one-Hour lunch period. Most of the
workers were forced to bring their lunch from home.
Second Floor
a. Director's Office
b. Deputy Director's Office
c. Accounting Office (Idashino Shch(tnaya Stantsiya), All written
orders (n ad) from eaahs. oo were sent to this office for
checking ccounting. The orders were then forwarded t6
the Department of Wages and Labor (Otdel Zarplaty i Truda).
d. Conference room for the management
e. Department of Wages and Labor (O.T.Z.) This department was
responsible for keeping the plant's payroll under the prescribed
ceiling. When the payroll went over the ceiling, the director
lost his bonus. The O.T.Z. constantly tried to keep the salaries
low by raising the production norm, The workers believed that
the O.T.Z. attempted to keep the workers from making more than
700800 rubles per month. The forewoman (naryadnitsa) in each
departmcnt was a representative of the O.T.Z.
f, Office of the Technologist, with about 34 employees, half of
whom were university graduates.
g. Office of the Chief Engineer, with three employees,
h. Construction Office, which was subordinate to the Chief Engineer's
Office, There were forty-five employees.
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i. Construction Office for Centrifugal :Machines (' ro Tsentro-
bezhr Mashin), with three employees. The designs o r'~
special orders of the Sovnarhhoz were drawn in this office.
~. The Secret Office (Sekre ro), Chief. of which was a
lieutenant colonel of the Air Force.
the Air Force officer was in'charge of plans to convert the
plant to military production if the need arose, This officer
frequently visited the Boiler Shop (Koteln Tsekh) and the
Foundry (Lit. Tsekh), where class ie pa~were manu-
factured according his orders. A/ draftsman
from the Office of the Technologist did the 50X1-HUM
s or the Secret Shop after regular work hours.
k. Military (Mobilization Office (Kabinet p Vo enno Mobilizatsii),
chief of which was Bondarov (fnu he o ??ice was in charge of
all matters pertaining to civil defense and maintenance of
liaison with the local draft board (raivoyenkomat).
1, Office of the N.V.D. Representative, which was a restricted
area. It was the M.V.D. representative's responsibility to
investigate all criminal and political cases in the plant.
The N.V.D. representative always wore civilian clothes.
Third Floor
a: Library, which could be used by all employees of the factory.
b. Labor Union Office. Davidenko (fnu) was representative of the
Labor Union.
c. The Party Committee (Partkom) Office, with nine. employees
Party first' secretary wvidov (fnu) and second secretary
was Kamaledinov (fnu).
d. The Technical Control Office (Otdel Tekhnicheskovo Kontrolya -
O. T. K.) , Chief of which was an engineer named Ale senko JIM),
p inspectors (kontrolft),
The Technical Con trol
Office was also responsible for the preparation of the envelopes
(fat ) containing the papers (e.g. installation and operation
instructions, etc.) which accompanied every piece of equipment,
a. The Editorial Office of the factory newspaper The TNachine Builder
~
(Mashino Stroitel), the wall-posted newspaper stengazeta), a-ng
the sasatyr c newspaper Porcupine ( ).
2. The factory garage, located in a brick building. The factory had
two cars (for the Director and the Chief Engineer) and the garage
maintained and repaired them.
3. The Second Boiler Shop (Kotolnyy Tsekh). The stop worked in three
shifts, with about sixty woT rkers on each shift.-"
4.
The First riechanical Shop, where parts for compressors and boilers
were finished and polished. The shop worked in three shifts.
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50
The Repair Shop, with approximately 60 workers on each of the
three shifts.3 The factory's heavy machinery and the four
locomotives belonging to the plant were repaired in this shop,
6, The Laboratory, consisting of two departraents:
a. The Chemical Section, with two chemists, where the compo-
sition of metals was tested.
b, The Gauging Section (Izmeritelnyyy Otdel), where the accuracy
of certain instruments was checked.
There was a total of twenty-five employees, who worked on one shift.
The Foundry (Lite' Tsekh) where spare parts were cast in pig-iron,
The furnaces were coafed; large quantities of oxygen were used
in the Foundry. In addition to its regular work for Uzbekkhimmash,
the Foundry also received orders 'directly from the Sovnarkhoz.
These orders were given the same priority as those of the factory.
The Foundry worked in three shifts
8. Carpentere'-Shop (Mode Tsekh) where wooden premolds were made.
In addition, they in "We places of furniture for use in the factory.
Forty-two workers were employed in this shop, and worked one shift,
9, The Consumers' Goods Shop, where kitchen utensils were manufactilred.
The shop employed about 150 persons who worked in three shifts.
The shop had six presses, thirty-five grinding wheels, and ten
polishing machines, Chief of the shop was Mikhail Ivanovich
Leonti ev
The three foremen employed in the shop received 9 0 rubles per
month, and a bonus of 250 rubles whenever the shop's quota was
fulfilled. The foremen were required to work ten hours a day.
10. The Lumber Shop, including the lumber yard (stroy byuro), Petrenko
(fnu) was chief. The shop had 35 workers who worked one shift.
Roughcut lumber, was cut into boards from which packing crates were
made.
U. The Compressor building, where the central air compressor was housed.
Three or four persons were in charge of its maintenance.
12. The Instrument Shop (Instrumentanlyy Tsekh) where small parts and
tools,requiring precwork, were made and rigged (osnastka).
The shop was also responsible. for repairs of complex test gg ein quip-
mont, Skodin (fnu), was Chief,. Approximately 32 highly 50X1-HUM
skilled work-era were employed in this shop; they worked in two shifts,3
one at full force and the other at half force. The Instrument Shop
had )J lathes,, an electric kiln and an oil and a water bath.
11 The First Boiler Shop (Kote2aM Tsekh) which was the most important
shop of the plant, It was 10 meters high and h d a glass gable roof,
Four hundred em loyees worked in three shifts. Petrozhenov fnu
was chief of the hoe
(The
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broken lines on the sketch indicate the direction in which the shop
was being enlarged
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E N;-T-I-A-L
14. The Second Mechanical Shop (Mekhanichaskyy Tsekh i410'-, 2) where
parts for compressors and bo' crs were inished andpolished.
Approximately 150 persons worked in two shifts.3
15. An auxiliary shop which made bolts, nuts and rivets.
16. The Dispensary (Vied t). The factory had its own hospital,
a two-story building cn Sovetskaya Ulitsa, across from the
Farmers' 1 arcet (Kolkhoz Rynok), in Chirchik. The hospital
doctors, including the dentists,, had visiting hours at the plant
dispensary twice a week. Only factory employees, no dependents,
were admitted for treatment. The dispensary had an ambulance.
17. The Forge (Kuznets Tse)ch) where large spare parts were stamped
and finished. There was one press with a capacity of 10,0003tons;
it operated. by compressed air. The Forge worked two shifts, with
75 workers on each, Dzhimilev (fnu) was Chief.
18, The metals yard, where various kinds of metals were stocked. Some
were stored indoors and others lay in the open.
19. The plant's railroad, which is a spuline of the Tashkent-Chirchik
main line,
200 a wall, two meters high, with barbed wire at the top.
21. A small. park.
22, The Fire House, with one fire engine. The factory's fire brigade
worked in cooperation with the fire brigade of Elektrokhimkombinat.
In 1956s when a fire broke out in the plant's foundry, the fire
brigade from Elektrokhimkombinat aided in putting it out. The
damage from the fire amounted to about 15,000 rubles.
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 La~out of Uzbekkhiinnas .
r~ .~..orrir r +r~rr
x2
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V~'~./?~'.11l-j wZ--y~..y1_~'...
21
19
00M,
Not to scale
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17
18
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C-0-N-F-I- -W-T-I-A-L
. ..
Field Comments:
to
2. The "items of value" were not specified.
3. The hours per shift were not given.
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to
NFIDENTIAI
1. The Uzbek Chemical Machinery i/n Frunze (Usbekskir
Odadchaskiy Mashino-Stroi Zt~od Frunze), also as Uzbekkhizmiash,
IS loc ated In the outskirts or CD s e R. Usbekkhinzaash was
built before World War II and until 1912 it was a part of the ' Elektrokhinl-
(Blectro-Chemical Combine). In'191s2, howwever, machinery taken from
p wain the European areas of the USSR which were evacuated was installed
at UsbakkIdanash. At that tine the plait beeami independent of Elektrokhis-
hOnbiaatt, and was subordinated to.the Ministry of Medium Machine Construction.
It was given the name Middle Asisn'Chenical Machinery Building Plant
Ddmichesk Nwhino-Stroitelnyy Zavod) which was abbrevi-
no ted
lee were ac. In 1 9 s however, the plant 50X1-HUM
-1 Oii] was turned over to the Sovnarkhoz?of the'Usbek SSR, in Tashkent, at which
tine it received its present name. the plant management 50X1-HUM
as well as the workers were pleased with the change in subordination; help
and guidance were received faster from Tashkent than from Moscow. In 1958
the Second Mechanical Sbop and Second Boiler Shop (Hotslm~ T.ekh)were
established the Fore (lusnatovy Tsekh) and First Boiler were
m1arged in uns 50X1-HUM
Pi ct3+on
2.- Usbekkhimoash produced boilers for sugar factories and for the production of
44abol. It also produced compressors wbich
because the wont ly production report which was published
plant gave the figures either in rubles or in percentages, and not in
ealber of items produced.
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3. The Consumers' Goods Shop (Sh treb) produced up to 40,000 items of
kitchenware per month, whits was valued at about 260,000 rubles. The
items consisted of flatware and various kitchen spoons and ladles. Up to
1956 these items were produced from the factory's steel scraps. From 1956
on, however, the scrap was piled in the plant's yard; the flatware was
then maraifactur ed from stainless steel sheets of one or two millimeter
thickness, which were purchased from other plants.
4. When Hoissei Nikolayevich Platonov took over as director of the plant in
1952 quotas were not being fulfilled and the plant was subsidized. After
that, however, quotas were always met. The peak year for production was
1958, when the plait made a net profit of nine and a half million rubles.
in 1958, some letters of oom- .
receive nom Csecho ov a, Hungary and
China. these countries had received boilers manu-
factured at Uzbekkhimmash and were dissatisfied with them, which brought
disgrace to the USSR. An immediate improvement in production was ordered,
6.
to be stepped up and production of compressors to be cut down.
production of boilers was
7. All raw material was received through the Sovnarkhoz of the Uzbek'SSR, and
the original source of supply was not known Once only, in 1958,
SIR aooncunoement was made that a change was to-take place and that stainless
steel sheets would be ordered from Kicv. This, it was stated, was because
of the complaints of the Consumers' Goods Shop on the poor quality of steel
sheets received. The stainless steel sheets received subsequent to the
change were of far better quality.
Usbekkhisamaeh was supplied with power by ' Elektrokhimkanbinat., Water was
taken from the Chirthik water syete . Coke and c?al were used to provide
beat and steam. In the first half of 1959,'however, a large'pipeline for
natural gas was being laid in the vicinity,of both factories. It was
off"lcially announced .that it wesa portion of a pipeline which would extend
from Bukhara (N 39446, E 64-25) to Alma-Ata (N 43-15#_4 76-57). As won as
the pipeline reached Chirchik, FIskttwkhimkcr-binat and Uzbekkhimmash were to
convert to the use of natural gas.
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50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Labor Force A
9. estimated the factory's labor force at about 3,000 people, 20% of whom 50X1 -HUM
wars women, of the total, approximately 1,000 persons worked in supervisory,
administrative and technical positions, Up to 1949, a 1 number of
Japanese prisoners of war had worked in the factory.
many North Koreans began working 50X1-HUM
there, In 19 , girls reported for work as part of the
program to have hig6chool students work in a factory cc a: kolkhoz before
entering a university, A large blaiicboard near the entrance to the factory.
listed the factory's needs for help, The applicants responded quickly, and
the factory was never short of:help. The applicants submitted their labor
book, a certificate of residence, and a certificate of education. Those who
were accepted for employment were required to pass a physical examination
given by the dispensary.
10. Each fall, during the cotton harvest time, a considerable number of workers
was laid off. The excuse was that there was insufficient work. It was gene-
erally believed, however, -that it was done for the purpose of releasing people
for use in picking cotton. Lccording to Soviet law, workers who are dismissed
receive 15 days' pay. With this money,:some workers went to other areas and
they frequently did not return. Therefore, Uzbekkhimmash had to employ many
new workers in the late fall of each year.
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s 3
Approdmately 20% of the labor force was fired annually. The main
reasons for firing workers were drunkenness and talking back to the super.
views. Lateness for work and absenteeism were not severely punished.
A worker could be late for work two or three times a year without being
reprimanded. Attendance of administrative personnel was checked at the
.main entrance, where a pass was turned in. The workers handed their passes
to a checker (tabelshchitsa)in the shop. The passes were distributed to
the workers at a end o the day.
wages
11. Workers were paid on the basis of number of pieces produced, as shown on
the work orders. All other personnel was on a straight salary basis. The
director received 3,500 rubles a month. In addition, he was given a
business car and living quarters. He received a bonus of 1,500 rubles
when the plant fulfilled its quota. In the Consumers' Goods Shop salaries
ranged from 350 rubles paid to women operating the polishing machines, to
1,100 rubles paid to men operating-the presses, that the 50X1-HUM
discrepancy between women's and men's pay was because men complained louder
and their salaries were raised more -frequently. in 50X1-HUM
effect, salaries decreased each year, because daily quotas were raised.
The following
were income tax, 1096, state loan,
10%, labor union dues, 1 ; Red Cross, 3 rubles a year.
'13. Pay days were twice a month, on'the 10th and 25th daffy. On the 25th, only
advances were made, and final accounting was done on the 10th. About eight
or nine times a year the p4y was delayed three to four days. The excuse
given for such delays was that there was no money available in, the State
Hants (Gosbank). Limited overtime was-authorized; however, workers were never
paid IoF the overtime they Tmrked.' The_ last' ten days each nonth long
work hours were required from everyone. The Consumers' Goods Shop worked
about fifteen Sundays a year.
14. Leave was based on the type of work performed, not on seniority. The two
most important factors taken into consideration were the temperatures to
which the worker ways sub3ected, and the extent to which his health was
affected by the work. Maximum annual leave was'2h working days.
The time each employee was to take his leave
was announced by a shop order signed by the chief of the shop. Leave was
compulsory, even though only about 10% of the workers could afford to take
leave and lose the extra pay resulting from overtime and higher production.
There were two ways of avoiding taking leave. The worker could go on leave,
but would be called bade to work by a shop order. This'method required
previous arrangement with the - chief of the shop. The other way was for the
worker to cane in and work unofficially, ' in which case the forerun ride out
the orders'in the name of another worker. The two workers shared the pay,
The factory had its dun rest oentbr (dom otd cha which charged 12 rube's a
day. Few workmen could afford to go there.
15.
The guard force consisted of lh persons, mostly elderly men and women. There
were only three entrances to be guard?ds two for the personnel, and one for
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the train. The guards were not very efficient; furthermore, they could
easily be bribed to overlook it when things were carried out of the plant.
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Safety
16. The factory had a snall fire brigade; there trere no practice drills. There
was a safety inspector, but most safety precautions were not strictly en-
forced and maser accidents occurred. In 1958, five press operators in the
Consumers' Goods Shop lost the fingers of their left hands.
Civil Defense
17. a one paid ar{}r attention to civil defense orders. The chief of the responsible
office, Bond renko (t'laat fwinn fn-r failing to carry out
his duties, d its staff were 50X1-HUM
receiving training in the use o gas masks. A ch st, Itanov (fnu), had
given some lectures on atomic raids and protection from radiation.
the factory.
There were no bomb shelters in 50X1-HUM
Recreational facilities
3,8. In 195?, construction of a club for the workmen was completed. The club,
which was located in tam, was a large building which .cost tie factory ten
million rubles. It housed a movie, as theatre, a large dance or assembly
hal, a restaurant and a library'. Theatre groups from Tashkent came regularly
to perform in the club's theatre. Plays were given in the Russian, 50X1-HUM
tisbek and Tatar languages. The foundry, forge and boiler shop had saunas
which could be used by all employees.
Personalities
190
personalities in the plant: 50X1-HUM
)oieeei Nikola rich Platonov - he was first engineer until 1952, and.then
beeme director of the plant.
Kcostantin Fillipovich Zherebchuk
first engineer.
Alekaandr v (tbn),
who was the first te*hnologist
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A> Around UZb6kkIdmmash
22. Ponowirg 3s an annotated sketch of the Uzbekkh3m~nash area;
? EZNUUOROZHNAYA ULITSA
Not to scale
RIVER CHIRCHIK
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1. Usbbekkhi ash
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The section of El akt~rokh3mkorr~binat-which houses the main shops
(Uzbekkhlnamash divided Elektrokhimkombinat in two sections).
3. The section of Elektrokhimkcabinat which houses the auxiliary shops.
4. Central Recreational Park (Tsentralnyy Park OtArkha
5. Brick building used as barracks for an infantry battalion.
the battalion's only duty
was to defend 8lektrolthimkombinat and Uzbekkhirru-,ash in case of emergency.
6. A movie theatre built by Elektrokhimkombinat for its workers and named
after it. Uzbeklchimmash workers were also permitted to attend the film
showings,
7. Workers' Settlement (Zhlig ) Number 14, which had previously been
used as a camp for Japanese pr:L sowers of war. Its address was
Zheleznodorozhnapra Ulitsa, and the house numbers were from 1 to 57. The
settlement consisted of brick houses of one to five apartments and brick
barracks of fifteen apartments.' Only the kitchens of each apartment
had ruming water. There was no plumbing in the buildings, only outhouses.
The settlement received its electric power from Elektrokhimkombinat.
Parer, however, was scarce, available usually only in the evenings and
during the night. Occasionally it' was completely cutoff. There were
coal burning stoves in each apartment'for heating urposes. The coal
could be purchased from Uzbekkhfmmash.
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Descripti n of the Plant
23, The plant was about 600 x 400 meters. The ground within the factory
walla was 3evelAnd all roads had been asphalt paved in 1953. Except
for the factory park, there were no trees or shrubbery in the area.
Following is a description of'Usbekkhimtnash (the numbers correspond
to those on the sketch of the plant which is on page 12.)
1. The Administration Building - a three-story brick building with
a gable roof. The main entrance to the plant for pedestrians and
vehicles was through an allcy-way in this building. The following
offices were housed in the Administration Building.
First Floor
a. The Bookkeeping Department, with about 18 employees.
Bondarenko (fou) was Chief Bookkeeper,
b. Personnel- Office (Otdel Kadrov), with five employees.
Kravsina (fun) was Get. .
c. Finance and Sales Department (Otdel Finansov i Sbyta),
with four employees.
d. Supply Department (Otdel 3nsbzhen3ra), with eight employees.
Chernovskiy (fnu) was e
e. A self-service 'messhall, which could take care of only 40% of
the workmen during the one-hour lunch period. Most of the
workers were forced to bring their lunch from hone.
Second Floor
a. Director's office
b. Deputy Director's Office
ce Accounting Office (Mashino Shchftnaya Stantsi, a). All written
orders (!!!!Mad) from eaa each sire sent to this office for
checkiiQand-accounting. The orders were then fortaarded to
the Department of Wages and Labor (Otdel Zarplaty i Truda).
Conference roan for the management
Department of Wages and Labor (O.T.Z.) This department was
responsible for keeping the plant's payroll under the prescribed
ceiling. When the payroll went over the ceiling, the director
lost his bonus. The O.T.Z. constantly tried to keep the salaries
lea by raising the prpduction norm. The workers believed that
the O.T.Z. attempted to keep the workers from making more than
700.800 rubles per bwnth. The forewoman (nasyadnitsa) in each
department was a representative of the O.T.
f. Office of the Technologist, with about 34 employees, half of
Whom were university graduates.
g. Office of the Chief Engineer, with three employees.
h. Construction Office, which was subordinate to the Chief Engineer's
Office. There were forty-five employees.
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i. Construction Office for Centrifugal Machines (B Tsentro-
bQ ) s with three employees. The designs
pe corders Mashie of the Sovnarkhoz were dram in this office.
J, The Secret Office (Sekre rr , Chief of which was a
e
lieutenant colonel off
r Force ..
the Air Force officer was in charge of plans to convert the ,
plant to military prodnatif the need arose. This officer
frequently visited the Boiler Shop 1o2ts1 = Tsekh) and the
Foundry Lite Teekh), where classified arts were manu-
factured~ aiingto his orders. A] draftsman
from the Office of the Technologist did the
drafts for the Secret Shop after regular work hours.
k, Military Mobilization Office (Kabinet poo Voyennoy Mobilizateii)s
chief of which was Bondarov (M)., . he office was in charge of
all matters pertaining to civil defense and maintenance of
liaison with the local draft board (raivoyenkcmat).
1. Office of the M.V.D. Representative, which was.a restricted
area, It was the M.V.D. representative's responsibility to
investigate all criminal and political cases in the plant.
The M.V.D. representative awaye wore civilian clothes.
Third Floor
a, Library, which could be used by all employees of the factory.
b. Labor Union Office. Davidenko (feu) .was representative of the
Labor Union.
50X1-HUM
The Party Committee (Partkcm) Office, with nine employees.
Party first secretary was Daavidov (feu) and second-secretary
was Kamaledinov (feu),
d. The Technical Control Office (Otdel Tekhnicheskovo Kontro a
O.T.K.), Chief of which was an ezig named se o
He. was the overall supervisor of all shop inspectors -(koqtro14r),'
The Technical Zbnfibl 50X1-HUM
Office was. also responsible for the preparation of the, envelopes
(#*t.)z) containing the papers (e.g. installation and operation
inst uctions, etc.)' which accompanied every piece of equipment.
e. The Editorial Office of the factory newspaper The Machine Builder
(Mashino Stroitel), the.itall-posted newspaper (Eengaze a ,ao
s newspaper Porcupine (e c
2. The factory garage, located in a brick building. The factory had
two cars (for the Director and the Chief Engineer) and the garage
maintained and repaired them.
The Second-Boiler Shop (Kate Tsekh). The shop worked in three
shifts, with about sixty wor on each- shift.
4. The First Mechanical Shop, where parts for compressors and boilers
were finished and polished. The shop worked in three shifts.
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The Repair Shop, with approacimately 60 workers on each of the
three shifts. The factory's heavy machinery and the four
locomotives belonging to the plant were repaired in this shop.
6. The Laboratory, consisting of two departments:
a. The Chemical Section, with two chemists, where the compo-
sition of metals was tested.
The Gauging Section (Izmaritelry Otdel), where the accuracy
of certain instruments was checked.
There was a total of twenty-five employees,'who worked on one shift.
7. The Foundry (UteLi= Tsekh) where spare parts were cast in pig-iron.
The furnaces were coal fed; large quantities of oxygen were used
in the Foundry. In addition to its regular work for Uzbeklchin hash,
the Foundry also received orders directly from the Sovnarkhoz.
These orders were given the same priority as those of the factory.
The Foundry worked in three shifts.
The shop employed about 150 persons who worked in three shifts.
The shop had six presses, thirty-flvo grinding wheels, and ten
polishing machines. Chief of the shop was Mikhail Ivanovich
8. Carpenters' Shop (Mode Tsekh) where wooden prcmolds were made.
In addition, they made places -or furniture for use in the factory.
Forty-two workers were employed in this shop, and worked one shift.
9. The Consumers' Goods Shop, where kitchen utensils were manufactured.
The three foremen employed in the shop received 950 rubles per 50X1-HUM
month, and a bonus of 250 rubles whenever tie shop's quota -t?ras
fulfilled, The foremen were required to work ten hours a day.
10. The Lumber Shop, including the lumber yard (stroy e). Petrenko
(fnu) was chief. The shop had 35 workers who work one shift,
Roughcut lumber was cut into boards from which Packing crates were
made.
11. The Compressor building, where the central air compressor was housed.
Three or four persons were in charge of its maintenance.
3.9, The Instrument Shop ?(Instrument Tsekh) where small parts and
tools,requiring precis n work, were mma and rigged (osnastka).
The shop was also responsible for repairs of complex testing equip-
m?nt. Skodin (fnu), was Chief. Approximately 32 high3y50X1-HUM
skilled workers were employed in this shop; they worked in two shifts,
one at full force and the other 'at half force. The Instrument Shop
had 33t lathes, an electric kiln and an oil and a water bath.
13., The First Boiler Shop (Kote Tsekh) which was the most important
atop of the plant, it was l6 metes high and had a glass gable roof.
Four hundred employees worked in three shifts. Petrozhenov fnu
was chief of rho shop.
The 50X1-HUM
broken lines on the sketch indicate the dirc.ction in which the shop
was being enlarged at the time of Source's departure.)
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14. The Second Mechanical Shop (Mekhaniche Tsekh No. 2) where
parts for compressors and bo crs 7rreinis ariri3po1ished.
Approximately 150 persons worked in two shifts.
]5.
16.
An auxiliauy shop which made bolts, nuts and rivets.
The Dispensary (Med uakt . The factory had its own hospital,
a two-story built en Sovetskaya Ulitsa, across from the
Farmers' Market (Kolkho W Ry~), in Chirchik. The hospital
doctors, including. die clti s, had visiting hours at the plant
dispensary twice a week. Only factory employees, no dependents,
were admitted for treatment. The dispensary had an ambulance.
17. The Forge (Kuznetsnyy Tom) where large spare parts were stamped
and finished, There was one press with a capacity of 10,000 tons;
it operated by compressed air. The Forge worked two shifts, with
75 workers on each. Dzhimilev (fnu) was Chief.
18. The metals yard, where various kinds of rctals were stocked. Some
were stored indoors and others lay in the open.
19. The plant's railroad, which is a spuline of the Tashkent-Chirchik
main line.
20. A wall, two inters high, with barbed criro at the top.
21... A small park.
22. The Fire House, with one fire engine. The factory's fire brigade
worked in cooperation with the fire brigade of Elektrokhimkombinat.
In 1958, whsn afire broke out in the plant's foundry, the fire
brigade from Elektrokhimkombinat aided in putting it out. The
damage from the fire amounted to about 15,000 rubles.
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Lqr-out of U bekktimmaah
Not to scale
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