(SANITIZED)INFORMATION ON COMMUNIST CHINA(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A052500320001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 19, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 2, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This materlsl contatas iaformatlon affectlnQ the National Defease of the IInited States wlthia the meaning of the 39sP1oaaLe Laws, Title
18, U.t3.0: eecs. 793 and 794, the tranamisaion or revelauoa of which la any manner to an unauthorl$ed person is prohibited bir law.
C-0-N-F- I-D-E-ITT-I-A-L
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DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE d~
DATE ACQ.
Information on Communist China
REPORT
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DATE DISTR. ~ Februa
NO. PAGES 1
REFERENCES
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE. _ 50X1-HUM
g
information about hardships in Communist C na as we as gener b~50X1-HUM
tions on the transformation of Chinese society under the Comlaunists into
communal life. Specific information of interest were references to aati-
Communist guerrilla activities ~)~ rein
yields before d after t~.e Crinesy Communists took over t e ma and.
(#69), comparison of taxes in pre-Commnunist days with
assessments levied b e Com?nvnists after the land redistribution program
~~9~ ~~,)~ reasons for the failure of the current
~P ds use a o~nmunists )
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Cse~e~allt speak a ni_sL~ are ~at~- cruel end ha m e o ~-~'
1~ct l~,oh tamers.
a['kar the "etru~le" and "li~nldati~an" of the lard reforw, ~ucsapt a few sho
w,rs ln~olty encfaAt+t~a eaaaps awaa- tr+aa the ? illag~-, all 6ho others are wb~eaLa-d
tiM+M" to tsprisec~snt, ar eaosoettaess er forced labour in soar aL~st~t laboar
~~, Lh~ste ie Sao lessor eqT to~sr landlord in the rlllass tAat o~
~' limit 3a swtte~et 3n tM ?111aso. It Chop oaA earriae at allttt~t~ ewld rs
,, ~ the eiadlar st~s-t+se of psoe tasrss~l~a~ria; to do lei like t+?????
_~ works ~ time ~~ 50X1-HUM
~!~
'~ 3rrl~t~a Laba-ur' Attars Carp was set: ~- in sans nS,Lly b tt~ e
.t ~,.-a~ai tt.~ ( 3~-~~/ ~/ 64'00 . ~ v~s~ r?a~..a ~.rti.~r ~
~~ saee aba~rt T00 1aLersrees who were tosser Lsc-dlord,r, or risk tarrTr or
~ faraen dth srsa~etiosar~ rworda" ( ~'y OS~1 ~
~, 3s the 1sMrax' rsts~ s~ ~ had to ba trearous Mrt'it swl'~l~~'s
ss~t {,~ woxlc3as e~atitioae ars sr~ we~ss ttsan
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Pass
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I.n 1l37, the a~ritaltural ooopsrati~rst rsxr~ ast vo La all LM
all ~a osoals in the ?illats too tales Pali in ih. collssti~a talrt K7~~.
aM. Ow of tha asin aosw of tA. a~ritaltural cocrpatoati~ee is to ard.r
. L1ri 2e pliMO>< er iai ~ ].aarea' rat+rea ano
~Mpr~{aal ~lMU so~Ld Haar. 20 it reall,~ a ees~diti~ss et '"~ ea~rL ~!~- t~sn
~ w ~~ asd I aaeoso~t 11rs wlNa I wae-t to lure". Itt tam It i~ MM wise
'!~ di3,p r~elr it e~sr 16 bonrr e~rdlp-, and it ras r?!yr ~h Me~~wro1
Tttz wadi of rlrs
pai~l~s ~n t~alis asxl tt~? is or~t ars ron~;h as tollo~?st~?
t11 Pati13+s arst ha.lls? ~i~ th. Psspl* ~ e ~~o..wn. ras rirsi tst at, sa
~ lYsrrt ,wale !.t was teas that all th? Qa~ss ao.~,srs tmn sat, as t>~a~ r~Nt as
fiq Dios 1A ~. ?sss ha11s~. ?l,tlboo~h ih. snb~i~i.ar~- foods a~se ~r~s~ pe~ol' !A
~~ ~ it w t~li~ad in alo~edast gaaAtitist, at~d at I~aaR all a~w
i~Mt +~ to th~slt te11 ,~p~etits.
!!~ ati~er ~t 1Mos of the first waaic, the ce,nditist~s ita iya s~ss# haLL
Yepn to be ram aad wsrsa. Tt~e fold psrtisn for each S~dirl~dvil rive
~isrrrd to dsaretas, until final]., ft rat ~xc.d tc~ 4.4 taraLt of !1M tee
MGM wl. ~ the aa/sidiYarr teal psrtitn, at first thorn ar+r twa d acct tiic! /~'~' L1 aiak
1, tats part.
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general living conditions after the change of regimes
on
outs
the government dues and various loads of government taz~s ws3e~e so heaver
? villagers, that ~~ all the past savings were wiped
eactort s, mndsr he naie vo con s ,were
sed on the will a inhabitaata ain and
a con usd
a s ? Comsnaiats.
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(?~
A'11 the landlords and rich farmers are considered by the a?
"claw snay-" ( 7132/ 478?/ / ~) and the Co~eimosnists
sud? no rasarvs in using all possible cruel sad harsh srthods to treat ~+?
landlords and rich farmers. 50X1-HUM
Therefore when the land reform sovansnt was being carried out
all the landlords and rich farRSrs, together ~~h time
"qusstionabls" sdddle tams and "questionable" ( 2389/ ?x,151 1344)
poor farirrsrs are sub~sctsd to thorough liquidations. 50X1-HUM
Th? first step is to confiscate all the farmland and rpivate properties
of and landlords and rich farmers, After the confiscation of the taarmlands
and private properties, there ors two separate ways to deal with them, sae tar
the landlords and rich farmers, and the other for the "questionablea riddle
farmers and "questionable" poor formats,
At~wst all the landlords and rich farmers ors c onsidered to hates committed
soste "arms" ( 499?/ 3887) or other, acid all of Chest are accused and
indi,ated in the process of "strusgls", which is an musnding series of physical
and mental torture before Cho final sentence is reached,
The only difference to sash irxiividual landlord and rich farsrsr is that
some of them are sub~ect~l to hs:vier sentences than others. Their penalty
would range from the heaviest, which is e~utinn in the public, to the iight-
est terms of imprisor~nent or sentence to forced labour in sours labour return
camps far or near,
As to the "geastionalils" middle farmer: and "qusstionale" poor larsrs~
all of tha~m are first subjected to a series of im-estigation about ghat oritae
they have committed in the past. If they are found guilty of say cr:[ns, anah
as former eats of "bully" against the fellow villagers, or ss "stooses" for the
landlords and rich farmers, they mould be sentenced to various terns of forced
labour in the labour reform camps, with the terms varying accordi~ to the
ssriousnsss of their Grimes,
Ck~ly those wtto ors oonaiderad to have good conduct during their labour
reform are allowed to return to their native vil.lags, and to get the allotment
of farmland from the Comst~nist land distribution. t~der such onnditions the
entire class of former landlords aril rieh farmers ware washed out, and theta is
no longer arty landlord or rich farsrr i.n the village today.
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The Tarious hinds of taws sad dues are in the to ow g propo s:-
oTernsent grain" ( 0361/ 4?52)
(a)25 ~ for "
g
~cu/ ~n~en/
(b} 5~ for "local rsconstruation dues" ( 09bb/ 2455/ 150X1-HUM
2196)
(c) 5~ for "repair of irx3.gation systeo~ and bridges dues" ( 50X1-HUM
5281/ 0208/ 3055/ 0448/ 2890/ 27'33/ 2196) y~,qb/ ;3759/ 7411
(d) 5~ !or contribution of surplus grain" ( 50X1-HUM
4?52)
(e) 5;~ for "requisition pntshase of surplus grain" ( 35b/
?bll/ 4752} for ut-fah the Tillage governs~ent had to pay back li.llte
s~oney as the official prise for the nsurplas grain", 13ytt the so~?,? tA.?
this is wry small sad it is aldrost negllgibl? for air se. 50X1-HUM
In other sord~ould only hale 55~ of the tyiold for esnsusp-
t3.on and thL resd worse
still, beginning from 1955, the village goverr~snt dust took swe~ all these
''surplus grain" without Paying arty money to the individual farmers at all..
Under all these squesses and extortions by the Comatattiat village govera~-
meYtt, the farmers had to give cap the greater part of their yield iron their
farmlands, and the remaining grain could never keep they sutticiently fed for
the rest of the year,
Besides the control of grain and rice, the Primary Cooperative also seti
up a Salsa and Supplies peparta-eat ( 0678/ 0155/ 0180/ 6959/
5710) to bring all the cansuarars goads and subsidiary foodstuff mdsr unitary
control.
The Sales axtd Supplies Uepartasnt would issue to the village tamil.iss
ea~ah a "purchase quota card", with wihci alone the village inhabitants can
bW co~tsumers~ manutaetured goods and subsidiary foodstuff, such as salt,
vegetable, oil, sugar, fish and aeat~ at a limited quantity for a month
from the Sales sad Supplies i)epartrszt.
But as it is required to use real cash to bty these subsidiary food sad
constumersa mauufa~ctured goods, asst farmers are unable to buy them because they
do oot have that wall aawunt of asaaey.
As a result, over 70~ of the "pnrchas? quota aarda" issued to the village
people are left blank for many seethe, because the holders never have eeaough
coney to buy any sack goods or subsidiary foods from the Sales and Supplies
Departaertt.
(10)
~e Higbar Agricultural Cooperatiwl
Under the Higher Cooperative, the entire system of private props y
was abolished, that is, all the tarmlaoads and private properties of the
village populatiaet were confiscated by the Higher Cooperative.
At the same time, since the f starers no longer have any private tarmlar~ds
left to their own use, tbey all have to work as labourers for th? Higher
Cooperative.
(Continued next page}
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(10) Cortinued, a from 10 hours to 15 hours everY~Y~
The working time in a dry rig y fain of the
The daily works are being yapped out sAd distribu~~~ 71~) "ap ction
~~/ 393/ and the details
"production corps" ( e1,v~~ by the captains of the s