SOVIET SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 1870
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 8, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 9, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
COUNTRY USSR REPORT
SUBJECT Soviet Scientific Publications DATE DISTR. C.. U1 0
NO. PAGES 2 I
REFERENCES RD
PLACE &
DATE ACQ
STATE ARMY
C Trudy Instituta Fiziki Zemli (Works of the Institute of Physics of the
Earth .1 No. 173 , entitled SeYsmicheskaya Razvedka (Seismological
Research), which.- :' co'ntalns 37,4 pages, is dated 1959, and was published
by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
f-Trudy Instituta Geografi. (Works of the institute of Geography), No. 77,
entitled Materialy po Geonorfologii i PaleogeografiJ SSSR (Material:
on the Geomorphology and Paleogeography of the USSR), Issue No. 21,
and sub-titled Raboty po Sporovo-Pyltsevomu Analizu (Works on. Cryptogamous
ontains 19 pages, is'dated.1959, and was published
Pollen Analysis which contains-19E_
by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
c. Trudy Instituta Mikrobiologii (Works of the Institute of Micr rbiology)'
No. 6, entitled Fiziologiya i Biokh.imiya Mikroorganiznov (The Physiology
and Biochemistry of Microorganisms), which contains 285 pages, is
dated 1959, and was published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,
Trudy Instituta Fiziologii imeni I.P. Pavlova (Works of the Institute of
Physiology i/n I.P. PavloNo. 8, entitled Voprosy Fiziologii i Patologii
Nervnoy Sistemy (Questions on the Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous
System), which contains 627 pages, is dated 1959, and was published by the
Academy of Sciences of the 'USSR.
"e . Trull Moskovskogo Orden-a Len' na . E aergetic.hesk.ogo ins i u.ta (Works of the
Mosco Order of-Lenin Power Institute), No. 27, entitled Teoreticheskaya
x I NAVY X AIR IX NSA X FBI
INFORMAT101',J REPORT INFORMAI-ION REPORT
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C -0-N-F -I-A-E -N-Ts
-2-
Elektrotekhnika, Elektrovakuumnaya Tekhnika i Priborostroyeniye
Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Electrovacuum TechniquesI and
Instrument Construction), which contains 367 pages, is dated 1958,
and was published by the State Power Publishing House.
2. When separated from the covering report, the documents may be considered
as.UNCLASSIFIED.
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MOCKOBCKHfi OPJJ,EHA JIEHFIHA
3HEPFETIITIECKIJI%I FIHCTHTYT
TPY,TbI
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9HEPFETHMECKOFO I'i H CTHTYTA
Bbinycx XXVII
TEOPETMECKAR DJIEKTPOTEXHHKA,
DJIEKTPOBAKYYMHAR TEXHHKA
H IIPHBOPOCTPOEHHE
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PeuaKTOpbI 14. B. AHtnu!c ii P. 1-1. Kapaea
TeXH. peAaxTOp T. E. JiiapuoHUe
Cuano B np-Bo 4/VI 1957 r. IIoAn. K neq. IO/IV 1958 r.
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BeCnJIaTHO 9aK. 546
THnorpatpRA Foc9HeprOH3AaTa.
MOCKBa, 1IJJII03OB8H Ha6., 10.
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PA3REJI IIEPBbIFI
TEOPETH'IECKAA H OBIIjASI 3JIEKTPOTEXHHKA
HAHPA)KEHNE, 3JIEKTPOABH)KYIUA51 CNJIA
H PA3HOCTb HOTEHIUHAJIOB
1. Cyu eCTBylou He TCPMHHOJIOrHVeCKHe 3aTpyAHeHHA
TepMIIHO.ITOrIIH B O6JI3CTH 3J1eKTpOTexHHKH H, B gaCTHoCTH,
B o6JIaCTII OCHOBHbIX HOHHTHiI, C KOTOpbIMH npHX0AHT'CH BcTpe-
gaTbCH B pa3HoO6pa3IHbIX OTAe.Iax 3JIeKTpOTeXHHKH, 6bIJIO HOCBH-
H[eHO HeMaJIO pa60T.
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TbIX onpe,eJIeHHii, 06HjenpIHH1HTofi eAH!HOIi TepMHHOJ1orHH KaK
B Cpeae. COBeTCKHX 3JIeKTp0T'eXHHKOB, TaK H B HHOCTpaHBOi'l 3JIeK-
TPOTeXHHgecKoii JIHITe'paType. KaK 3TO HH CTpaHHO, HO HaH6oJlee
pe3KHe paCXO}KAe!HHST BCTpeIIaIOTCH npH onpeaeJIeHHH TaKHX OCIIOB-
HbIX nOHHTH1i, KaK , Kynja1I CHJIa
(3. A. C.)> H I. XOTH Ha BCeX H3bIKaX AJ7A
3THX HoHH'THii CyHjeCTByIOT pa3JIHq'Hbie TepMIHHbI2, OAHHKO B JIHTe-
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pa3IHOCTb HOTeHgHaJIOB HJIH HaripA}KeHHe H 3. A. C. CyTb HOHHTHIT,
Boerga TO}KAeCTBe'HIIO COBHaAalOHZHe. TeM CaMbIM np13HaCTC3q
113JIHIIIH13M CyIIZeCTBOBaHHe TpeX TepMHHOB.
I-IaCTO TepMHIIY 3. A. c. AaeTCA gHCTO KagecmeHHOe onpeAe-
oeHHe: 3T0 npI1HHa 3JIeKTpHgeCKOI'o HpOHCXO}KAeHHH, MorynjaA
06yCJIOBHTb 3JIeKTpHgeCKHii TOK. He COBCeM HOHSITHO, KaK, n,pHAep-
)KHBaHCb 3TOr0 HOCJIeAHerO onpeJeJIeHHH, MO)KHO rOBOpHTb 0 TOM,
-TO, HanpH,Mep, 3. A. C. HOpMaiIbHOI'O 3JIeMeHTa onpelle.ixeTCSI gHC-
JIOM BOJIbT C TOIIHOCTbIO AO ieTBepTOrO 3HaKa.
I B 3JIeKTpoTeXHngeCK0iI KomHccHn npn KOMnTeTe TeXHngeCKO5 TepMHHO-
norHH AH CCCP, pa6oraBwec noA npeAceAaTeJIbCTBOM gJI.-Kopp. K. A.Kpyra,
TOJIbKO no 3TH i Tep,.IHHaM He npnIHJIH K eAHHOAy1HOMy cor.IaleHHIO. TogKa
3peHnn, npe A.TaraeiaH 3AeCb, pa3AeJI5iJlacb K. A. KpyroM, B. 10. Jiomouoco-
BbIM ii OTgaCTn A. A. ~KeKyJIHHbI,M n a. A. MeepOBHgeM. rly6JlhKyeMai pa6oTa
o6cy}KAa.IaCb B Ha3BaHHOS KO.NHCCHH B 1947-1948 rr. B Aa.,7bnec1meM pa60Tb[
no TepMI1HOJIOCHH He npeKpawailncb. OAHH H3 UOCJIeAHHX 3TanoB npeACTaBJIeH
B c.ieayionue6 ny6JIHKaunn; Tep.vlHHOJIornB TeopeTHgeCKO9 3JIeKTp0TCXHHKH,
,3JIeKTpngecTBO", 1957, 6, crp. 14.
2 AHrm.: voltage, electro-motive force, potential difference, (pp.: tension
electrique, force electromotrice, difference de potentiele; Hem.: elektrische
Spannung, elektro-motorische Kraft, H T. A.
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I4HTe,pecH0 3aMeTHTb, iro, HCCMOTPH Ha cyLljecTBOBajlHe TaKHix
pa3HorJIaCHi , KorJJa Ae.JIO ,II,OXOAHT 10 npaKTHLIeCKHX CJIy'?aeB, o'leHb
pejjKO B03HHKalOT He,,aopa3yMCHHH. HO Bee xte BO3HHKa1OT: H3BeCTHbl
HOHbITKH 06-bICHHTb UOBCPXHOCTHbIII 9(pcperKT pa3JIH'IHeM HOTeHIjHa-
JIOB BHYTpeHHIIX H BHe1IIHHX CJIOeB HpOBOJjHH'Ka; CyIIjeCTByIOT 3aTpy;(-
iieHH9 B OHpeJjeJIelHHH HaaeHHH 'HaHpH)KeHHA HJIH nOJIHOro COnpO-
THBJICHHH B ciiyTlae CJIO?KHbIX 9JICKTpOMaPHHTHbIX B'3aHMojeJICTBHIi;
BcTpe,ialoTCSI OIIIH6KH B HCTOJIKOBaHIFH nOKa3aHHIi BOJIbTMeTpO:B,
KorAa COeJ[HHHTCJIbHbie HpoBojja Haxor HTCH B nepeMexxoM MarIIHT-
PHC. 1. BoJIbT-
MCTp H3Mep5IeT
3. A. C. MHHYC
naAeHHe nanpH-
Y'IHTCJIb: Bo-nepBbix, oMap He pb16a, BO 'BTO'pbIX, 3KIIBOi3 oMap
He 6bIBaeT KpaCHbIM, B-TpeTbHX, OH He nJlaBaeT; HO H13 TBoero OTBe-
Ta I BHlKy, TITO Tbi HpeBOCXOJI.HO 3'HaeHIb, T-ITO TaKOe oMap.
HOLM HOJle, H T. n. B 6o.Tiee HpOCTbIJ( ci y'IaaX, Ha'npo-
THIB, ,He3a'BRIMMO OT TOFO, Ka'K onpeJjeJIHIOTCH H0Hn-
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a BeJIHT-HHy, McHbHJyIO, a HMeH'HO 9. A. C. MHIIyC
naJjeHHe Ha'npsl}KeIIHn (pHC. 1), H T. H.
MHe Ka3aJIOCb 6bI yMeCTHbIM BCHOM'HHTb 3J[ecb
aHeKJ[OT, npHBeJ[eHHbIfi B OAHOIi CTaTbe, nOCBSIIIjeH-
HOi{ Tep MHHOJIOrHH:
YgnTeJIb: 'ITO Taxoe oMap (MOpcxoii pax)?
>KeHHH. YTIeHHIK: Kpa,cnan pbl6a, ~n.na,BaloLua5l 3aJ OM Ha-
nepe.i.
uab=SEd1,
a
110 nyTlI I
K BeJIIITgHHe 3TOFO 3apHJja.
CKa3aHHOe MO)KHO BbIpa3HTb TaKOFI
b
2. HanpcuKeane
Bee paCCMaTpHBaCMble 3ACCb I1OH5ITH I (KeHHOCTb nOJISI OTJIHgHaSI OT HYJIH
Y CJeAOBaTeJIbHO, B HHX
E,,Y3 = - Ecmop 7-` 0.
TOKa (HH1TO}KHO MaJIbIi'I TOK, nOTpe6Jh1eMbIH BOJIbTMeTpOM, MOMcHO
He ygHTbrBaTb) pe3yJlbTHpylOHja5I Hanpfl}KeHHOCTb nOJI$ AoJI}KHa paB-
HSITbCH H JIIO'
Cn:op =-- -- d t ? HO B npoBogax BOJIbTMeTpa npH OTCyTCTBH RI
(28)
TaKHM o6pa3oM, OTJIHgHbIMH OT HyJIH OKa3bIBaIoTCH H pa3HOCT1f
nOTeHUHaJIOB
HO BMeCTe C TeM
B KoJlbge HaBOJ[HTCn ewe 9. a. c. caMOHHJjyKgIlH I dt paBHaB
114a1fc'
2 Korga TOK B KOJIb Ije H3MeHaeTCH H ero 1IpOH3BOj(Haa
1 ECJIH He y4HTbIBaTb He3Ha4IITeJIbHOfI pa3HOCTH
HOM HanpaBJIeHHH B OHbITe TOJIMeHa.
'?b -- T, 0 H rpd -'Pc 0. (29)
`fib - rPe = IPa - rpt _ 0, (30)
TaK KaK B paaHa.nbHb1X ygaCTKax ba H e f HeT npOAOJIbHblX 000TBB-
J15110II.LHX CTOPOHHHX, a CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, H KYJIOHOBCKHX Hanpfl]KeH-
HOCTer3, a Me)KAy TOIIKaMH OAHOpOJHOTO KOJlbua, KaK rOBOpHJIOCb
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yxt e, pa3HOCTH nOTeHUHaJIOB cy1UeCTBOBaTb He Mo}KeT, nocKOJlbKy
B KOJIbUe P?=Ecmop' 143 nocJie,i[Hero ypaBHeHHA .IlerKO HauTH', tITO
nOKa3aHHe BOJIbTMeTpa
`Pe - `Pd = - (?b - Pc) - (PKHO CTOSITb 3,HageHHe 'CTOpOHHeI3 3. Ja. C.,
T. e. HHTerpaiia OT CTOp0'H!HeIt Han'p'A}KeHHOCTri nCJIA no 'paCCMaTpH-
Ba'eM,oMy KoHTypy. B aaHHOM c.nyqae 3Ta o. t. C. paBHa
B COOTBeTCTBHH C Bbipa}KelH'eM (21).
OWBH,AHO, WFO npH 3TOM 'pa3HOCTb fOTeHUHa,IOB ~,---( oxa3bl-
BaeTcH paBH011 HyJIIO.
B) OTCyTCTBue Toica e npoaodkuice npu i-ia;2uttuu pa3HOCTU no-
Te1u uaAoB U KyAo-OBCKOtI nanpswceHHOCTu no z (apa(3uenTa norea
t4ua./da). TaKHM np1 mepoM HBJI5110TC9 TOJIbKO 14TO paCCMOTpeHHble
npOBoaa, COeAHHAIOll He BOJIbTMeTp C KOJIbUOM. B KagecTBe )Ipyroro
npHMepa M0)KHO npHBeCTH npOBOA, J1BH}KyM.jHIICH B MarHHTHOM nonIe
(piic. 6), eCJIH OH He o6pa3yeT ytiaCTKa 3aMKHyTOIi uenH H, c.ne,ro-
BaTeJIbHO, B HeM OTCyTCTByeT TOK. O'-IeBH,1110, iITO pe3yJlbTHPY1OIUe('
none B HpOBOAHHKe o6pauiaeTCH B Hy,1b TOJIbKO B TOM cJiytlae,
KorAa
E,,,:,=- grad e=-Ee,,,,,,,=-- [v B]. (34)
I ,1 (e aCTB HTeJIbHO, BMecTO Tb - Te = 0 MbI BnpaBe HallucaTb:
(`4G-Tc)+(`fc- Pd)+(T,I-`fc) =O,
OTKyAa n no.lyilaeTCa (31), HO B cooTBeTCTBHH c (28) H c oHpeaeJleHHeM pa:S-
HOCTH HOTeHUHaJIOB nony'laeTca (32), eCJIH yvecTb, 4To
AdI - ~AdI
b (Ibcde) a (Ia f)
nOCKOJIbKy HO VCJIOBIIHM 3aJ1a'lrI MarHHTHbIH HOTOK IIpOXO1HT TOIlbKO BHyTp!
KOJIbUa.
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r) IIK(9y iuBFlan icaTyuuca a iyenu nepeMenaoeo Toica. B Tom
c:iymae, KOTAa H3MepHTeJIbHble npOBOAa H npii6op He rIOABepxcexbl
BJIHSIHHIO ?CTOpOHHHX HanpmKeHHOCTeff nOJIH, MO)KHO CO Meg CTpO-
FOCTbIO FOBOPHTb 0 pa3HOCTH HOTeIlI1,HaiIOB Ha 3a}KHMaX KaTyIHKII,
BKJIK)4eHHOli B Aenb nepeMeHHOrO TOKa.
Ha pHc. 12 1J3o6paxcenbI KaTyluKa H npOBOAa a'a m b'b, HAyuume
K H3MepHTeJIbHOMy HpH6opy. ECJin OHH paCHOJi03KeHbI B OAHOH nJIO-
CKOCTH C OCbIO KaTyuIKH, .TJIH BCerO BHeHIHero yiiaCTKa Fenn b'baa'
H:vleeM S Ec,no p dl =0, H OrOBOpeHHOe BbIIIIe yCJIOEHe BbInOJIHSleTCH.
,IJI51 TOIO TlTO6bi onpeAeJIHTb 3Ha'-IeHile pa3HOCTH nOTeHH;HaJIOB
-- C?8, Hy}KHO B35ITb HHTerpaJI no 3aMKHYTOMy KOHTYPY OT 1OJI-
HOII Hanp,Si?KeHHOCTI no.1I~5i; otreBHAHO, OH aOUKeH 6bITb paBeH 3. A. C.:
i 1,
,h_.i +I
~Edl= =- dI
(35)
3cuelcb cyII ecTBeHHO o6paTHTb BHH,Ma-
HHe Ha TO, YTO IIOTOK C1qiHTaeTCH HOJIO}KH-
TeJIbHbIM, KOrja er0 HanpaBJieHae CB 13aHO
npaBHJIOM npaBOXOAoBOrO BHxTa C Hanpa-B-
JIeHHeM o6xoja KoHTypa. fIpH o6xo. e KOH-
Typa B HanpaBJIeHHH, yKa3aHHOM Ha pHC.
12, noJIyHaeM:
B,AOJIb npoBOIAa aa' (noCKOJImKy B Qpo-
Bckae HeT TOKa)
PHC. 12. Pa3HOCTb 11OTeH-
tmaJIOB Ha KOHIIaX HHAyK-
THBHOH KaTyuIKH.
I)yKBOa (D OUO3HageHO
noJIHoe noToKoc1lenJleHHe,
i)a[3H0e npoH3BeJ eHHK) iL.
E dl = 0. (36)
O6xoA5i no HOBepXHOCTH nposoAa Ka-
Ty1I1KH OT a' Ao b'
b'
E dl- pool,
u~
(37)
rife p 11 1-yAeiIbHOe conpoTHBJIeuue H AJIHiia npOBOAOB KaTyuIKH;
flC-HJIOTHOCTb TOKa Ha HOBePXHOCTH npOBOAOB; B TeX CJIytIa1IX'
KOrJa MO?KHO npeHe6pegb HOBCPXHOCTHbIM 3CpcpeKTOM, gyp= S (3Aecb
J-CegeHHe npOBOAOB).
BAojib HpoBOAa bb' (KaK H 13 ApyrOM cOeJHHI4Te.1IbH0M npoio: e
b,
E d1=0. (38)
b
HaKOHeq, no riyTH ba (noJlaraH, 'ITO Haul nyTb JIe?KIIT B o6JIa-
CTH OTCyTCTBHSI Hanpi}KeHHOCTH MaIHHTHOI'O HOJISI HJIH HanpaBJleH
nepneHAHKyJISipHO BeKTOpy CTOpOHHei'i HanpIDReHHOCTH)
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a
E d1= yb - spa. (39)
b
B HTore Haxo,HM 113 (35)-(39), TITO
Ed '=Po11+?b - pa=6=- cu L di (40)
`p< - Pb =L -- +P
(41)
HpH OTCYTCTBHH HOB?pXHOCTHOI-O 3Cq) jeKTa rIOCJIeRHee CJlaraeMoe
coRep}KHT o6bIaH0e conpJTHBJh HHe:
pool=ip S =iR.
(42)
flpH HHOM Bbl6ope HaIIpaBJIeHHII o6xoL a MO)KeT OKa3aTbcbI, TITO
paeH2cTC2 He Li, a -Li. FIpHHuHHHaJIbxo 3T0 He BHOCHT HHTIero
HOBOrO, KpOMe OTJIHLIHSI OT Bb16paHHbIX 3Re'Cb HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX 3Ha-
YeHHH pa3HOCTH HOTeHIjHaJIOB H TOKa.
Pa3HOCrb HOTeHuHaJIOB P,- ,, KOHCT-I'HO M0)KHO Ha3bIBaTb
HanpH)KCHHeM H 0603Ha'aTb 6yKBOf4 uab HiIH npOCTO 6y'KBOI1 It HpH
yCJIOBHH, 'ITO 112 cxeMe yKa3aHO, KaKaIT TOT-IKa HMeeT 6o iee BbICO-
KH13 HOTeuHajI HpH HOJIO)KHTeJIbH0M 3HaTIeHHH U; Ha puic. 12 3T0
BbIHOJIHeHO HOCTaHOBKOfI 3HaKOB + H - y COOTBeTCTBYK)HjHX TOgeK.
1-lpii CHHycoHRaJIbHOM TOKe MO)KHO BMeCTO (41) HaIIHCaTb B KOM-
c 06HjenpHHHTbIM
nJIeKCIioii (lOpMe B COOTBeTCTBIIII
~
(43)
a) Iladeuue HanpRXe-
HuR e fuHuu nepeMeHHO20
ToKa paeno nadenuio no-
TeHIIua2a edoJb npoeodOB
.
~~pp
~~TQ /~Y? y n1)(-.TP(-.TaBNM ce6e o'rpe3oK
Pee. 13. IIa,eHHe Hanpi)KeHHB B JIHHIIH ne-
pe'vteHHorO TOKa paBHO HaJjeHHIO nOTeHuHa.Ia
BJ(OJIb npOBO,ZOB.
JIHHHH nepeMeHHOro TO-ca,
cocT05IMe1 H3 AByx napaJi-
JIeJIbHbIX npOBOtLLO'B (pHC.
13). rlycrb AJIHiHa 3TOro
OTpe3Ka 1.
B TaKOII JIHHHH 1 HanpFDKeHHe Me)KJjy RBYMSI ee TOT-IKaMH BJLOJIb
nyTH, JIe3KamerO B HJIOCKOCTH, HOpMaJIbHOI/ K OCII npOBOROB, MO}KHO
OnpeaeJIHTb K_aK pa3HOCTb nOTeHuHaJIOB Me}Kay 3THMH TOTIKaMH.
1 ECJio MO}KHO He cgHTaTbCSI C 31).1)eKTaaH H3JIy~IeHHH H pacnpocTpaxe-
HHe:i BUJIHbI B paj"aJIbHo 1 HanpaBJIeHHH; JjpyrHMH CJIOBaMn, eCJIH MO?KHO
C~lnTarb JIHHHIO YaCTbTO 3JIeKTpHaieCKOa Hum
2 Tpyybi M9H, BMII. XXVII. 17
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Tax nanpSi}KeHHe Me>KAY TO'IKaMH a H b B HaLIaJ1e paccMaTpHBae-
Marc OTpe3Ka JIIIHHH
H B KOHue OTpe3Ka McM(I y TOLIKaMH C H d
(14)
(45)
ecJln nyTb OT a K b H COOTBeTCTBexxo OT e K d, T. e. TOT nyTb, no
KoTopoMy onpeJjeJlfleTCfl Hanpfl}KeHH-e, JIe}KHT B IJIOCKOCTIF, nepneH-
AHKyJ15TpHOcI oc}IM npoBOAOB.
ue13CTBHTejIbHo, B Ta1{oM (-JIV'-Iae BijOJIb nVT'H, HO KOTOPOMY onpe-
AeJiHeTC5I Hanpfl3KeHHe, Ae13CTByeT TOJIbKO KyJ1O'HOBCKa5I Hanp51}KeH-
HOCTb nOdIfl (CTOpOHHSIH Haap51}KeHHOCTb HOJI51, o6yCJ1OBJIeHHaH Ha-
JIHLIHeM He'peMeHHOrO MaI'HHTHOrO FOJI5 H Bblpa}KeHHaH KaK -j6)A,
HanpaBJieHa napaJIJIeTIbHo OCSIM npOBOAOB).
I1a4eHHe Hanpa}KeHHH Ha OTpe3Ke I onpeAeJiaeTCi KaK pa3HOCTb
Me)KAy HanPIDK HHeM B HagaJIe JIHHHH H HaHPH)KeHHeM B KOHue
.U=U1-U2. (46)
H3 conocTaBJleHHfl nocJIeAHHX Tpex ypaBHeHHN o9eBnjjno, LITO
9U= (cPa - Y,)+(?d - ?b)
(47)
rje ,pQ - cp, H `Pd `pb - naJjennfl noreHuHaJIa COOTBeTCTBeHHO B
?npiMOM" H ?o6paTHOM" npOBozjax.
H3 CKa3aHHOTO, oJjHaKO, BOBCe He CJIeayeT, LITO HaHpH KeHHOCTb
HOJIH B UPOBOIjaX npeJjCTaBJrneT CO6Ox TOJIbKO KYJIOHOBCKVIO cocTaB-
.nHiowyio (-grad?). HanpoTHB, B ,iio6o>I To'IKe npoBoAa pe3y.zb-
THpyloHjan Hanpfl}KeHHOCTb HOJIH, paBHafl npOH3BeJjeHHIO y4eJIbHOTO
COnpOTHBJIeHH5 Ha nJIOTHOCTb TOKa, paBHa CyMMe KyJIOHOBCKOYI
(-grade) H CTOpOHHec (- jo A):
E = pE _ - gradpp- jwA
(48)
H, cJIeaOBaTeJIbHO, nHTepecyioujee Hac naJjeHne noTeHuHaJIa Ha e.IjH-
HHuy aJIHHbI
-grade=p6+ jwA,
AU=Eo?21+ j(oILe03a
(49)
(50)
ROCKOJIbKy HHTerpaa OT BeKTOpHOI'O nOTeHgHajia A no 3aMKHVTOMy
18
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KOHTypy paBeH r1'OTOKy, cuenJleRHOMy C KOHTypOM 1 H B cJiytiae
paeCMaTpilBae'MOrO KOHTypa OnpejeJISIeT HMeHHO B03,'jyLIHyIo HH.gyK-
THBHOCCTb; Eo - HaripHx{eHHOCTb 0OJISI Ha HOBe'pXHO'CTH n'pOBO..jOB
BJ 0JIb o6'pa3yfOLUHX, Jle}Kaw,HiX Ha BI-IyTpe'HHeI3 CTOpoxe npOBOJjoB,
a LB )31) - HHJjyKTHBHOCTb, OnpeJ[eJIHeMaH nOTOKOM, npOXOANLIjHM
no B,03JWxy Me}KJjy npOBOJgaMH.
K9K H3,Be'CTHO,
==Ra+!X;,
(51)
rue Ra - aKTHBHoe, a Xi - In-IyTpe'Huee peaK'PHBHOc COnpOTHBJIe-
HHA.
E -mi 1136paTb HHOH nyTb, no KoTOpoMy onpeueJIHeTcH no,nHax
Hanpll}KeHHOCTb rIOJI5I, HanpHMep, eCJIH B3HTb HanpIT KeI-IHO(-Tb HOJIH
Ha OCH HpOBOAa (Ea BMeCTO EQ), TO eCTeCTBeHHO H3MeiiHTCR H
3HageHI4C MaPHH)T.TIOpO nOTOKa, onpejeJIHeMoro ~Iepe3 BeKTOplible no-
T'eHIjHaJIbI. IIpa 3TOM O6n ee aKTHBHoe H o& ee peaKTHBHOe conpo-
THBJIaeHHSI He 113MemITCII.
K TOMy x{e pe3yJIbTaTy (50) MbI HpipJjeM, BbIIIHCJIHSI HHTerpaJi
no 3aMKHIVTOMV KOHTypy, noKa3aHHOMy Ha pnc. 13:
dI + Eol + 1P - Td -}- FI0I jco - _ jw/L8030 (52),
PeruaIT 3T0 ypaBHexxe oTHOCHTejIbno HIHTepe'CyIou ero 'Hac naZje-
HHSI H3npl?KeHHSI, npHJjeM, KOH~eTIHO, K npe}KHe'My pe3yJlbTaTy (50).
ITOC,ne,aHHit cnoco6 onpe,,jeJIeHHSI naJjeHHSI HanpSi}KeHHSI H pa3HOCTH
nOTeHuim.TioB HMeeT p51Jj npeHMyHjeCTB; OH 6bIJI HpHMeHeH HHMH H
B npe1LbIJjyHjeM npHMepe.
7. Pa3HOCTb IIOTeHI11HaJ1OB B 3JIeKTpH9eCKHX geisX
IH paCCMOTpeHIIH 3JIeKTpHIIeCKHX aeneLi Bcerga aOCTaTOgHO
TCX KJIaCCH'IecKHX nOHHTHI/ O pa3HOCTH nOTeHrjwaJioB, HanpI}KeIIHH
H 3. j. C., ma OCHOBaHHH KOTO'pbIX pa3BHTa H3JI0?KeHHaH BbIHIe c i-
cTe`.Ia OnpeJjeJIeHIIII.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C HeII Bcer,na MO)KHO r0BOpHTb 0 pa3HOCTH nO-
TeHuHaJIOB Mex{Ay y3JIaMH 3JIe:{T,pH'-IecKOI3 UefH H o6 3. ;j. c. ee BeT-
Beu H KOHTypOB.
G c
jeitcrBHreJIbHO, grad If A + r - grad dl = - AO = rpS dl +
a d a
c b
-{- p8 dl + jcoA dl } j,- A A = E~,? 21-}- jm (AI 42) 1,
d a d
a
rae 11 -- f12 = ~ In r r eCJiH a - pacCTOaHHe Me?Kay ~HpOBO1IaMH; r-NX
pa,gHyc H eCJIH E0- 3HageHHe pe3yJlbTNpyloHjef
rIOBepXHOCTH IIpOBO1 OB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
flpl, 3TOM p23HOCTb no'reIluHaJIOB Me}KJY 'y3JIaMH He 3aBHCHT,
KOHemIHO, OT nYTH, HO KOTOPOMY OHa onpe,reJI5TeTc5I H TO}KJjeCTBeHHO
coBnaaacT C Hanp51}KeHHIeM Me}KJI;y 3THMH y3JIaMH, eCJIH nyTb, no
KOTOpOMy onpeAeJIHeTCSI Hanpfl}KeHHe, He npOXOJHT 1lepe3 BeTBH,
CoJep}Kaujne 3. A. c. Te 31IeKTpOTeXHH1IeCKHe YCTpOHCTBa, B KOT'O-
PbIX CTOPOHHHe Ilanp5i)KeHHOCTH fOJI5I He MOrYT C1IHTBTbCSI cocpeAo-
T04C[IHbIMH B B(TB51X LjerIH HJIH BHYTPr HCKOTOPOII 3aMKHYTOII o6Jia-
CTH Me)KJy Y3JIaMH, no cyHjecT'By Aejia He MOFYT 6bITb OTHeCeHbI
K KJIaCCV 3J1eKTpH1IeCKHX uenerl, m noAXOA K IIHiM Tpe6yeT npHMeHe-
11H51 McTOJOB TeopHH nOJISI; OJjHaKO H B nOCJieJjHeM CJIyIae TaK}Ke
nOJIHOCTbIO coxpaHSieT CHJIy CHCTeMa OHpejeJIeHHK, II3d10}KeHHa5I
BbIIJIe.
IIpil aHaJIH3?e Henell HHOFJa 3aAaqa OrpaHHHHBaeTC5r TeM, 9TO
rIPnllU I IH3JIbHO He CTaB14TCSI BOnPOC 0 pa3HOCTH fOTeHijHaJIOB Me}K-
JY V3.-IaMH OAIIOl-i rpynnbi H Y3JTaMH JPYroct, KaK, 1!arlpiMep,
B 06bILIHOti TCOPIIH HerbipeXHOJiIOCHHKa, KOrJa OH onpe,2eJIneTCH
TpeM5i napaMeTpaMH (A, B H C npH D= ? t) H 3TH napaMeTpbl
Illigero Iie MOrYT CKa3aTb 0 Pa3HOCTH no'IeHLuHaJIOB Me}KAy Y3JIaMH
BXOAa Ir BbIXOAa HJIH B TpeXnpOBOAHbIX JI14HHHX Tpexc)a3HOro TOKa,
KOr,'ja 3a jaIO'rCSI TOJIbKO 3Ha1IeHH51 CO6CTBeHHbIX H B3aHMHbIX HHJYK-
THBHOCTeN JjBYX KOHTypOB.
np!1MeHHMoOCTb UGHSITHIT noreHLjnaiia K y3JIaM 3JIeKTpHLIeCKilX
ueneft nepeMeI-Moro TOKa nO3BOJIHeT HPOH3BOJHTb noCTpoeHHe TOHO-
rpaCpIiqeCKHX AHarpaMM. B aeruix FIOCTOHHHOrO TOKa 3Ha1IeHHe rO-
TeHwIa.Tla OnpeAen,90,TC51 OAHH,M 1IHCJIOM H MO)KeT 6bITb npeucTaBJie-
HO n0JIO}KeIIHeM TOIIKH Ha npHMou. 1TPH 3TOM Ka}KAOII TOLIKe Ljenll
COOTBeTCTBVeT onpeaeaeHiIalr TO4Ka Ha nOTeHuHaJIbHOIi npHMOll
.(pmc. 14). Pa3HOOCTb HOTeHIUaJIOB Me}KAy JIIO6biMH aBYM5i TO1lKaMH
genes MO}KeT 6bITb npeACTaB11eHa KaK JJTHHa OTpe3Ka ,Me}xry COOT-
BeTCTByIOnjHM,H TOLI'KaMH Ha rOTeHulaAhHOi3 np}IMCI3.
B Lje'fHX nepeMCHHOr'O TOKa 3Ha1IeHHe nOTeHL[HaJIa onpeAeJISIeTC5I
JBVM5I qI-ICJIaMI4; TIPH noJlb3OBaHHH KOMfJIeKCaMH nOTeHI naJI
TO1IIiH a
Ya-T,-t-1Ta -'Pa la (53)
onpeJeiiSIeTCSI JeiiCTBHTeJIbHbIM H MHHMbIM 3HaieHHHMH (p' u p )
HJI'.i MOAyJIeM H yrJIOM (?,,, a). BCTOCTBeHHO, 1ITO B 9TOM CJIy1Iae
rIOTeHwHaibHaii FI 51Ma5I 3aMeH5ieTC5i UOTeHIjHaJIbHOII HJIOCKOCTbIO.
IIpH 3TOM Ka}KAOI1 T01IKe Ljenli COOTBeTCTBYeT OnpeaeJleH!ia51 TO'IKa
Ha nOTeHUHaJTbHOII I JIOCKOCTH (pHC. 15) iT Pa3HOCTb HOTeHIuraJioB
MC}KJV JHo6blMH JBYMA T01IKaMH aefi MO}KeT 6bITb npeijCTaBJIeHa
KaK JJIIIHa OTpe3Ka Me}KAy COOTBeTCTBYIOLUHMH TOLIKaMH Ha HJIO-
CKOCTH.
1_OBOpH 0 Pa3HOCTH nOTeHLLHaJTOB Me}K4V TO4KaMH, OrpaHHIIHBaIO-
UIHMH KaKOiii-JIH60 y1IaCTOK, HanpHMep ab (U=140-+20 8) HJIH
cd (U-160- j 160 8), HeO6XOJHMO yKa3blBaTb, HAeT JIB pe11b O ?a-
?b HJIH 0 Pb-Pa H COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0 Pd HJIH Pd-Pc'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
3TO MWKeT 6bITb c eJIaHO nOCTaHOBKOfl: COOTBeTCTByK)LuHX HH-
,geKCOB Y 3HaKa HanpS KeHHA
Uab-cpa-cab H 0ba-Cpb-(Pa, (54)
nOCTaHOBKOH CTpeJIKH Ha nOTeHuHaJIbHO13 aHarpamme B COOTBeTCTBHH
c 06a enpHHATbIM B MaTeMaTHKe npaBHJIOM-Ha pHc. 15, HanpHMep,
b- II Uxoxd -~c-?d
(55)
H, HaKOHeLL, 0603HageHHeM Ha cXeMe, KaK 3TO caejiaHO Ha puc. 15
.ILJIA 6=cPb-tpa,-H0CTaH0BK0II 3HaKOB + H
b
2 c 050*" loaf
b e ~li~
I d ?4(8
1,5oar
0 e
n
PH,;. 14. Ilpea,:Taa.neHHe nOTeauHa- PHC. 15. IIpeACTanJIeaxe noTeaunanon
lion uenH Ha noTeHUHanbao~ uenH Ha HOTeHUHaJIbHOa nnoCKOCTH.
npa.vioS.
OTHOCHTeJIbHO He06xogHM0CTH TeX HJIH HHbIX 0603HaqeHHfi He
B03HHKaeT CII0p3B, OjjHaKO CIIOCO6bI 0603HagIeHHII cyLueCTByfoT pa3-
JIHTIHble H HM qaCTO ga[OTCH Hejj0CTaT09H0 OTLIeTJIHBble o6oCHO-
BaHLIA.
3aKJIIOqeHHe
3aKaHnIlBa5 Ha 3TOM CBOJO CTaTbIO, aBTOp BO3jjep}KHBaeTCA OT
nOJIeMH4e'CKHX BbICKa3brBaHHA H pa36opa npejjJl0}KeHHII, KaCaIOIuH'X-
cA onpejjeJIe?HHH 9. jj. C., HaHpV}KeHHA H pa3HOCTH nOTCHRHaJIOB:
pa3BNTI-Ie H aHaJIH13 HaH6oJlee paLIHOHajIbHOFi CHCTCMbI onpejjeJIeHHIi
aBTOpy B RaHHOM c Ty'-Iae npe2ICTaBJI51I0TCH JIytIIIIHM BHJjOM KpHTHKH.
3aMe4y TOJIbKO, '-ITO B JIHTepaType HMeeTCA IIOCTaTO1I110 MHOPO
HenOJIHOUeHHbIX H cyM6ypAbIX BbICKa3bIBaHHFI, '-IaCTO npHBJIeKaIOHIHX
d 21
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BHIIMaHHe CBoec HOBH3HOci H OpHrHHaJIbHOCTb1O. TaK, HanpHMep, B
HHOCTpaHHOci rIegIaTH nOHBIIJIaCb CTaTbIi BpyHa 1, npeAJiaraioIuero
BBecTH, KpoMe CyIIjeCTBy1ollI,HX, eHje HOBble TepMHHbl: ,jIIHaMHieCKOe
HanpT)KeHHe H npOTIIBO-3. a. C.
Tax, no Bpyny 3. ;j. C. paBHa:
CL
-
a AHHaMHTIeCKOe Hanpfl}KeHHe paBIlo:
B pyccxoH JIHTepaType Taxxce MWKHO BcTpeTIITb TepMHHbI BpOAe
3. A. C. KoHJjeHcaTOpa, KOTOpaH noJiaraeTCSI paBHOci m npOTHBOno-
JIOx{HON no 3HaKy pa3HOCTH HOTeHUHa.IOB Ha TOM )Ke KOHjeIIcaTOpe.
4acTO BCTpe'-laeTC9 yTBepx{JjeHHe, '-ITO 3. A. C. CaMOHHAyKH;wI1l
B uenr nepeMeIIHOPO TOKa paBHa H npOTHBOnOJIo KHa nO 3HaKy na-
;jeHHIO HaripSuKeHHSI B Hef H C 3THM yTBepxKaeHHeM CBn3bIBaeTC9
KaKOfi-TO BeCbMa HeoTHeTJIHBbII1 >.
B TO )Ke BpeMx 1,13 HpIIBe,geHHOPO Bbl1IIe aHaJIH3a COBepineHao
OaeBuI1110, 'ITO CnpaBe,rL1HBOCTb OAHOPO H3 paBeHCTB
(,uHd IJo)L HJIH `,uHd -- IjL
3aBHCHT OT Bb160pa 3'HaKOB H IIOJIOxKHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJTeHa1f.
Ogeab 6oJlbuloe pacripocTpaleHHe noJiy'aJia H,2e5I 0 HeAOnycT1l- -
MOCTH IOBOpHTb 0 pa3HOCTH HOTeIILHIaJIOB B cjiygae uenel nepeMeH-
HCFO ToKa, a yTBepx{aeHHe (AOKa3aHHOe Bbllne), 4TO nafeHvie Ha-
np5i}KeHHSI B JIHHHH nepeMenrloro TOKa (KOHezniO, B KBa3HCTauHo-
HapHOII JIH]IH1I) paBHO naJjeI-IHIO TIOTe,Hu1IaJIa BJ1OJIb UPOBOAOB, MHO-
rHM1P paCCMaTpHBaeTc5I KaK 3JIeMeHTapHast HCOCBeJfOMJIeHHOCTb
B O6JIaCTH TeOpeTHLIeCKHX OCHOB 3JIeKTpOTeXHHKH. TOgIIO TaK xie
pa3HOCTb nOTeHUHaJIOB HaCTO paccMaTpnBaeTCSI K1K BeJIHtinHa, On-
pe,2eJieHHa9 TOJIbKO AJIII 3JICKTpOCTaTH4eCKOI'O nOJIH.
HeOTT-IeTJIHBoe nOHHMaHHe pa3J11ILIHH Me}KAy TeMH BeJIHgNHaMn,
K010pbie B COOTBeTCTBHH C Haa60JIee paCIIpOCTpaHeHHbIM CJIOBO-
yHOTpe6JIeHHeM 3,aeCb Ha3B2HbI , KHanpxxceHHe> H , TIaCTO npMBOAHT K 3aTpyAHeHHHM 11 K 113J1IInI-
HHM OCJIO}KHe'IHHM npn aiiaiIH3e npoueCCOB, npollCXOJi uu,HX 33 9JIeK-
rpOTeXHH9eCKHX yCTpoIiCTBax.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
METOJLbI PAC1ETA YCTAHOBHBWEFOCSI PE)KHMA
B JIHHEHHOH 8JIEKTPH9ECKOIH LLEI1H
fPH HECHHYCOHL AJIbHOM IIEPHOAHIIECKOM
BXO,ILHOM HA[IPSI)KEHHH
Kand. tnexn. xayic, dotyexm T. A. Tamyp
B Te' eHHe noc:ieAHHx aeT B 1HTepaType BORBHJIOCb MHOrO pa6OT,
B KOTOpbIX OIIpCJ CJTH TCSI yCTaHOBHBHIHIIC51 pe}KHM 1HHeIIHOro 4eTbI-
peXnOJHOCHIIKa, KOrAa Ha BXOA ero nojaeTCSI HeCHHycOHAa1bHOe
nepaojjH4eCKOe Hanp51?KeHIIe. fOHBJIeHHe 3THX pa60T BP3BaHO TeM,
4TO peuleHHe n0A06HbIX 3aaa4 pa3Jio}KeHHeM BXOAHOPO HanpSl}Ke-
HHA B TpHroHOMeTpH4ecKHIt PHA (Dypbe TpyjjoeMKo, HCH36e}KHO AO-
nyCKaeT oIIIH6Ky x He AaeT KOHe4H!OPO aHa1HTH4ecxoro BbIpa3KeHUlH1.
Bc 1aJIbHeflhI1He pa60TbI IrarIpaBJIeHbI Ha P.O.Iy4~ 1 e C'IOCJ'603
F.1II q~OpMyJI, KOTOpble H-O13BOJIHIOT HMeTb penI?Hlie B BIIJI,e CyMMbl
aJIre6paH4eCKHX H 3KCnOHCHuHaJIbHblx CpYHKUHH AJISI nepmaa, TaK
Ka-, no ,vmme C~yHKUHII JIerKO nOJIyBaeTCSI CjOpMa KPIP3OII H M03KeT
6bITb YZITeHo H3MeHeHHe napaMeTpOB IjenH.
NacTonu aaI pa6OTa HMe'eT l eJlblo CHCTeMaTH3aiIT3iO II aHaJIH3
HCCJlFAOBaHHII no yKa3aHHOMy BOnpO.Cy. DTO HeO6XO,7HMo elite H
IIOTOMV, 4TO 3a P.OCJIeAHee Bpe.MH Ha61IOTjaeTC5I nom'opeaae pa6OT,
paHee Ony61IIKOBaHHbIX ApyrHMIT aBTOpaMH.
McTOAbI OnpewIeHHSI yCTaHOBHBIHeI3CH (1JyHKIjHU Ha BbIxoje JIH-
HeIIHOro 4eTbIpeXHOJIIOCHHKa, KOF, a Ha BXOA eio POJjaeTCSl HeCHHy-
coFljjaI?1bIIoe nepHOAH4eCKoe HanpH>KeHHe, MO}KHO o6'be;lHHHTb B I-Ie-
CKOJIUKO rpynn. B Ka}KAyiO rpynny BXOASIT M,eTOAbI, H:ITOJIb3yIOuJHe
OJtH'HaKOBb1e HCXOAHble nOJO}KeHH51 HJIH npHBOj 51ID,Ile K nOO;jo6HbIM
KOHe4HbIM MaTCMaTH4eCKHM pe3yJlbTaTaM.
PaCCblaTpHBae11lbIMH McTOABMIP 3ajatia penlaeTCSi TOJIbKO A151
OATIOro nepaOAa, TaK KaK B JIHHecIHOI1 3JIeKTpHgeiCKOF3 IjenH npa He-
CHHyCOHJjaJIbHOM nepHOAH4eCKOM BXOAHOM HanpH}KeHHH Ha BbIXOAe
yCTaHaBJIIIBaIOTCSI TaK}Ke nepHoAHtIecKHe HanpSI}KeHRe H TOK.
1. McTOAbI, OCHOBaHHb1e Ha peIDeHHH HeOAHOpOAHbIX
AH(pl epeHl(HaJIbHbIX ypaBHeHH41 C OnpeAeJleHHeM HOCTOIHHbIX
HHTerpHpOBaHHA
McTOAbi 3TOIi rpynnbI OTJIH4aIOTC51 apyr OT Apyra CH00060M on-
peAemeHPH nOCTOSIHHbIX HHTerpxposaHHSi.
a) McTod nocJleaoeaTenbHOOO pewwewtq. B 3TOM McToae ycTa-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HOBHBHIHIICH npouecc OnpeAeJIHeTCH KaK CyMMa zIaCTHOrO peiueHHH
Heo:luopoaHoro u!4x epeHumajlbl-ioro ypaBHeHHH H o6ujero pelneHHH
OJJHOpOJuHOro aHCjC)epe'HuHaJIbHoro ypaBHeHHH nO?CJIeAOBaTeJIb'HO AJIH
Ka}KJjoli qaCTH nepHOAa, iHa npoTH3KeHHII KOTOpOII Hanpn}KeHHe
HMeeT OAHH H TOT )Ke 3aKOH H3MeHeHHH.
LIOCTOH'HI-Ible HHTerpHpOBaHHH qaCTHOI'O peuleHHH HeOAHOPOjjHOPO
Jw4x1JepelHHHaJlbHoro ypaBHeHHH, He 3aBHCHHLHe OT HaTIaJIbHbIX yC-
JIOBHII, HaXOJjiTCH HOJjCTBHOBKOII TIaCTHOPO p,e7IIeHHH B HCXo,aHoe
HeOJjHop-ouHoe ypaBHeHHe.
fTOCTOHHHble HHTerpHPOBa'HHF. o6IUero peuleHHST O iHOpOJ[HOrO
AH4)(pepeHuHaJIbHoro ypaBHeHHH, 3aBHCHULHe OT HaT-IaJIb'HbIX yCJIO-
BHIr, OHp?e eJ[MOTCH AJIH Ka)KAOII qaCTH nepHOJja. flpH 3TOM peuDeHHe
AJIH Ka)KAOro y'-laCTKa nepHooaa, 3anHcaHHoe C COOT'BeTCTBYIOIIjHM
CABHPOM OTHOCHTeJIbHO HallaJia oTCTIeTa BpeMeHH, coJjep)KHT IIaCTHoe
peuleHHe c paHee HaIiAeHHbIMH nOCTOHHHbIMH H o6ujee pemeHile
C nOCTOHHHbIMH, rnoAJle')KauwmH onpeaeJleHHIO. f1TpHPBBHHBaHHe
cyMMapHOrO peIHIeHHH AJIn TOKa MH 3ap5Aa Ha rpaHHuax yvacTKa
,1jaeT BO311IO)KHOCTb Hai TH nOCTOgH.Hble o6uiero peuie'HHIn AJIH 3TOPO
yllaCTKa.
TOT4HOCTb peIIDeHHH 3aBH'CHT OT KOJIHTIeCTBa paccMOTpeHHbIX He-
pHOAOB.
9TOT CHOCO6 onpieAeJIeHHH yCTaHOBHBHIeroCH COCTOHHHn OTIeHb
Tpyjioe'MOK. OaHaKO B OTJIHTIiHe OT p u a (Dypbe OH AaeT BO3MO?K-
HOCTb rIOJIyITHTb aHaJIHTHgecKOe Bblpa)KeHHe AJIH yCTaHOBHBHIerOCH
pe?KHMa. aim MHOrOKOHTypHOII uenH peiueHHe 3ajjaTIH OCJIO) HHeTCH
Heo6XOjjHMOCTb!o fOJlylieHHH AHcJJ4 epeHUUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH.
6) BTOpoa AteTO(9 3TOII rpynrlbl HBJIH'eTCH pa3BHTHeM McTO)ia no-
CJIeAOBaTeJIbHOPO p'e'uIeHHH H OTJIHRIaeTCH OT Hero CrIOCO6OM HaXo)K-
1aeHHn nOCT'OHHHbIX HHTerpHp,OBBHHH o6Hjero peuleHHH OjjHOPOaHOrO
jjH4xkepeHuHaJIbH,Oro ypaBHeHHH.
B 3TOM McTOAe, KaK H B MeTOAe HoCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOro pelDeHHq,
COCTaBJIHCTCH HeOmHOpOJwHoe AHCj)4JepeHuHajibHoe ypaBHeHHe JjjIH
HCKOMOH (JYHKUHH B 3ajjaHH,oII JIHHefIHOIf 9JI,eKTpHT4e,c'KOIi uenH
H 3a[HCbIBaeTCH ero peHleHHe KaK CyMMa I-IaCTHoro peH1eHHH HeOA-
HopOjjHOro ypaBHeHHH H o6i ero peHleHHH OjjHOPOAHOPO AHCpCpepeH-
uHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH. flpH 3TOM peIIDeHHe HBXOJLHTCH 102 OJ HOPO
nepHojja HJTH Boex y'-IaCTKOB nepHOAa, eCJIH npHJlo)Ke'HHOe HanpH}Ke-
HHe B TeT-IeHHe nepHOTa HMeeT HeCKO.TIbKO aHaJIHTHT-IeCKHX Bblpa-
?KeHHII.
fIoCTOHHHbre HHTerpHPOBaHHH T-IBCTHOPO PeuIeHHH HeoJjHOpOAHO-
ro AH(X(XepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH HaXOjjHTCH TaK )Ke, KaK If B npe-
AbIJiyHjeM McToue.
,qJIH HaXO)K jeHI;H nOCTOHHHbIX HHTerpHpO'BaHHH o6ujero peiueHHH
O,UHOPOJLHOPO JHij)(JepeHiUHaJIbHoro ypaBHeHHH Hcrnollb3yIOTCH rpa-
HHIIHO-BpeMeHHble VCJIOBHH H yCJIOBHe nepHOAHTIHOCTH.
/TOT McTOA TaK)Ke AaeT 'pe?IneHH'e B BHJje CyMMbI 3KCn?oHe'HHHaJIb-
Hblx H aJIre6paHT-IeCKHX 4)YHKUHH, HO 3HaTIHT'eJIbHO KO,poge nepBoro.
OCHoBHbUM 3aTpyAHeHHCM B 3TOM Cviyzlae HB..THeT'CH :7 OJIy4I'eHH,e
AHc epeHuHaJIbHOro ypaBHeHHH, eCJIH uenb' MHOrOKOHTypHaH.
24
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B) McTo3 Jlypbe A. H. [JI. 12]. 3arIHCbraaeTCH H3o6paxKeHHe He-
OJJHOpOgHOrO JaHq)q epeHLjmaJIbHOI'O ypaBHeHHeI JjJISI HCKOM0I1 CJyHK-
UHIP, HanpHMep TOKa, c y'IeTOM Ha'IaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHi3 no TeopeMe o6
H306paxceHHH npOH3BOJjHOII.
floJlyqeHHoe alreOpaH4eCKOe ypaBHeHHe B H3o6pa)KeHHnx pe-
LuaeTCSi OTHOCHTeJIbHO H3o6pa}KeHHn TOKa:
I(P)==i(O) D(p) + i I (O) D(p) +...+i,-,(O) D,-1 (P) + F (P)
(P) (P) D(P) D(P)
r, e F(p)-H3o6pa}KeHHe npHJlo)KeHHoro Hanpz>KeHHH f(t)=F(p);
i(O)-3HageHHe TOKa B t=0;
_ dni
to (0) d- B t=O;
D(P)=Pn+alPn-1+ ... + an;
D0(P)=Pn+a I Pn-i + ... + an _1 p;
DI(P)=Pn 1+a1Pn-2+... +an_2p;
D,-,(P)==P;
aI, a2, ... , an-nOCTOHHHble KO3(]M HLjHeHTbI
ypaBHeHHR.
Bblpa}KeHHe JjJIH n3o6paxceHHn TOKa
n-1 Dk F(p)
I(P)=E tk(O)D(P))+D(P).
JtHc epeHLwa.IbHoro
Pa3JIO}KHM 3TO COOTHOIHeHHe Ha paLwHOHaJIbHble apo6H, npeJjBapH-
TeJIbHO YMHO}KHB H pa3JaeJinB BTOPOC CJlaraeMOe Ha p. flpeJjno.no-
}KHM, TITO ypaBHeHHe D(p)=O He coaep3KIIT KpaTHbIX KOPHe1 H Kop-
HeI3, paBHbIX HyJIK); Torj a nOJIy4HM:
n
I(P)= E
S=1
1
Ak_ PSD' (Ps) I i k(0) Dk(PS),
k=1
D'(PS) dD
= dP
F(p) l p
~ k + PD' (Ps) / P- ps
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
EcJIH f(t) iBJIH TCA nepHo4HqeCKON ([)yHKUHeN, To ee H3o6pa]KeHHe
paBHO:
f(t) = F (p) = '(P)
1-e-pT'
rjje U(p)-n3o6pa>Kenne u(t), coBnaualoujero C 3auaHHOH (yHK-
uHeN f(t) TOJIbKO Ha npOTH)KeHHH nepBOro neptiola, T. e.
u(t)-f(t) npn OKe KaK npe)>;bIJZyI11HI[, BbIBOJI,HTCSI H3 HHTerpaJla
J ioaMeJIA C npHMeHeHHeM TeopeMbl pa3JI0>KeHHH. Ecim nepeXO'aHyFO
IIpOBOJ(HMOCTb Y(t) BbIpa3HTb nO TeopeMe pa3JIO>KeHH9 H nOJICTa-
BHTb B HIITerp3JI J1IoaMeJISI, a 3aTeM B3BTb HIITerpaJl HO LIaCTAM, TO
MO>KHO noJly'IHTb ypaBHeHHe
pkt t
f (t) - f~ke (pk) f I e-Pk a (T) d'L,
(3)
rue f (t) - HepeXOjHa1 (JyHKB,HSI, yJ1,OBJIeTBOpaIOMaA JI14He1IHOMy He-
o,gHOpo,gHOMy J>,HK]cpepeHUHa.nbHOMy ypaBHCHH.O c npaBof
UaCTb:o, paBHOhi npHJIJ>KeHHOMy HanI)H}KeHH,o;
Z (p) - cpyHKuHSH, 3aBHCAH>,aA OT napaMeTpJB u~nH;
Pk - KOPHH xapaKTepHCTHUecKOrO ypaBHeHHA.
YpaBBeHue (3) MO>KHO no.ny1HTb H RpyrIJMH IVTAMH [JI. 6, 7],
OJjHaKO IIpHBeaeHHblId 3JjCCb HyTb HaH6o:lee IIpOCTO%I. UaAbHeiiwee
npeo6pa3oBaHHe BbIpaxceHHA (3) C y4eTOM nepHOJT 1HHOCTH npHJlo>KeH-
HOrO HanpAxceHIA npHBOJI,HT K JOpMyJIe JjJ H yCTaHOBHBIHerOCA Co-
CI'OSIHHA:
Pk" PkT I -p
f (t) =I - e-PkI u (4)
Z'(/'k) gJ kT
r,ae t' OTCUHTbIBaeTCA OT Ha'-IaJIa Kaaoro-JIH6o nepHoja. Tax KaK
u (2) - I~yHKWHA nepuO,gngecxa1, TO 0KHO COCTaBHTb Ta6JIIIuy [JI. 4] Bblpa>KeHFIA (4)
Jiul1 UaCTO BCTpe'asoiuuxcH I)OPM KpHBbIX BXOJI,HOI-O HanpH>KeHIISI.
B 3TOM cilytae npH peHIeHHH 3aaa'IH OCTaHeTCSI TOJIbKO HOJ CTaBHTb
Pk H Z' (pk) J>:aHHOR IjeHH B COOTBeTCTByomee Ta6,iIHUHOe Bblpa>Ke-
HHe (HeJI,OCTaTOK - Heo6XOJ1,HMOCTb oupe,ge,neHHa KOpHei'I).
E. H. BapaH'IyK [JI. 61 npej>,JIo>KHJI McTOA paCueTa nepcxoj HbIX
H YCTaHOBHBIIIHXCSI pe>KHMOB B JIHHeIIHbIX UenHX, fOBTOp2.OLUHII BbI-
pa>KeHHe (3). ECJIH nOJlb3OBaTbCH npH BbIMHCJIeHHAX HenOCpeJjCTBeHHo
ypaBHeHHCM (3), KaK 3T0 peKOMeHJjyeT aBTOp, TO Ka>KJjblcl pa3 HpH-
J>,eTCA npoaeJIbIBaTb JjOBOJIbHO yTOMHTeJIbHble MaTeMaTH9eCKHe npeo6-
pa3oBaHHH. aJIH noJlyMeHHSI >Ke YCTBHOBHBIIIerOCH peM uMa, KpOMe
TOrO, 11C06XOJLHMO LIHCJIO paccMaTpHBaeMbIX nepHO,gOB YCTpeMJIATb
K 6eCKOHegHOCTH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IIoMHMO yxa3aHHOro, paBenCTBO (3) AaeT nepexoAHbIH TOK
TO.IbKO aMISI uenH rL, Jjji i uenH ice rLC H rC H T. B. HY}KHO HCKaTb
3apH,q. F103TOMy B o6LueM CJIyT3ae Z (p) He HBJISIeTCSI OnepaTOPHb1M
ConpoTHBJIeHHeM, a BbipaxceHHe (3) He jjaeT TOKa, KaK 9TO yTBepiK-
JjaeT BapaHTlyK.
3. McTOJ[bl, npHMeHAK)n(He KOHTypHbIN HHTerpaJI
B KOMHJJeKCHOH nJIOCKOCTH
B 3TOH rpynne paCCMOTpHM McTOA, o6oOluaK)LUHH McTOJjbI, OCHO-
BaHHble Ha KOHTYPHOM HHTerpaJ1e B KOMHJleKCHOH HJIOCKOCTH H pa3-
pa60TaHHbIH BaiAeaHxoM [Ji. 8], a n03}Ke H. C. FOHOpOBCKHM rJJ. 9].
RepeXOAHaH (J)yHKuHSI, HaHpHMep, TOK i, COCTOaLuaA H3 CYMMb1
yCTaHOBHBLneroCH 3HaqeHHH l i,C711 H cBo6oJ,Horo i 8 TOKOB MO)Ke'C
6bITb Bblpa}KeHa IIHTerpaJIOM
+100
iycm + ic8 = 2i $ U (p) Y (p)e"' dp,
I-Joc
rae U (p) - H3o6paxceHHe BXOAHOrO Hanpsl}Kexnsl:
I it (t) dt;
Y (p) - 14306pa}KeHHe nepexojjnoH nPOBOJ[HMOCTH uenH.
MHTerpaii B KOMnJ1eKCHo1 nJIOCKOCTH npH t>O paBeH CYMMC
BbIgeTOB B no tocax U (p) H Y (p), paCnOJIO)KeHHbIX Ha MHHMOH OCII
H CjieBa OT Hee (pHC. 1).
ECJIH U (t) 3aJjaHO TPHrOHOMeTPH4eCKHM pslJjoM (DYPbe, TO L
ycrrt
TaK>KC nojlyriaeTC51 K3K puj cDVpbe. LITO6b1 nOJIYTIHTb Bblpa)KeHHe
Aim tycm B BHAe CYMMbI 3KCHOHeHUHaJlbHbIX H aJlre6paHLleCKHX ()VHK-
uHH, HeO6XOJjHMO U (I) 3aaaTb ypaBHeHHeM.
Tom i C,, H t ycni MO)KHO BbIpa3HTb TaKHMH )Ke HHTerpaJlaMH
B KOMnJ1eKCHOH nJIOCKOCTH, 3Ha4eHHH KOTOPbIX OnpeJjeJI5I10TCH JjJ1B tcg
CYMMOH BbITIeTOB TOJIbKO B nomocax Y (p) H aim tycm CyMMOIi BbItle-
TOB TOJIbKO B no uocax U (p). TorJja t ycni onpeijeJiHTC51 KaK pa3HOCTb
tycm = i - iCe=+. U (p) Y (p) e ntdp - 27,j $Y (p) U (p)ep'dp, (5)
C, C2
r,ae C2 - KOHTYp HHTerpHpOBaHHSI, BKJIIOgaIOIILHfI TOJIbKO no iioca Y (p),
paCHOJIO)KeHHble JleBee MHHMOI1 ocu (pnc. 2).
BTOpOI{ HHTeipaJi paBCHCTBa (5) BbI4HCJISIeTC51 Jleri(O, TaK KaK
Y (p) HMeeT orpaHwieHHoe TIHCJIO nOJIIOCOB. BblgHCJIeHHe nepBoro
30
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HHTerpaaa 3HagnTeJlbHO ynpomaeTCH, eCJIH y ieCTb nepHOJLIIgHOCTb
U (t) H OnpeJteJIHTb yCTaHOBHBmneeCH 3HageHHe TOKa TOJIbKO aJIH nep-
Boro nepnoja (0 < t< T). Torua H3o6paxcexne BXO,gxoro nepHoJui-
gecKOro HanpH}KeHHU paBHO:
T
U(P)=o _ UT (p)
1 - e-p' 1 - e pT
rje UT (p) $ U (1) e ,Tdt - H3o6pa}KeHHe BxoJworO HanP DK Hl1H
0 aJIH nepBOro nepnOAa C Hagajia oTcgeTa
BpeMeHH.
f/w
2w
/w
/w
-2jw
-3jw
C C,
/w
3jw
2jw
Jw
Jw
-2jw
-.Ltw
PHc. I. KOHTYP HHTerpu- PHc. 2. KOHTyp HHTerpHpo-
pOBaHHH, BKJIfO q a IowHN BaHHH, BKJIfo,ialouiHa nojuoca
TOJIbKO nonioca Y (p). U (p) H Y (p).
TaKHM o6pa3OM, tycm onpeaemieTCa KaK Pa3HOCTb HHTerpaJlOB
f
t ycm - $Ur(P)Y(P)edpj 1 T (p
e-pT
Cl c2
Y (p) ept dp.
rlepBbIli HHTerpaJI onpejeJmeTCH BblqeTaMH B noiliocaX Bcero noJj-
HHTerpaJlbHorO Bblpaaceti m [UT (p) H Y (p)], a BTOpoiF nHTerpa.n
TOJIbKO B no.nlocax Y (p).
OfHcaHHb1iI McTOOJ( npHroji;eH JI;JIH JIIO6bIX KOpHeil. OJu-iaKO BBH-
Ay OTHOCHTeJIbHOii CJIO}KHOCT" ero HMeeT CMbICJI npnMeHHTb TOJIbKO
AJISR CJIO}KHbIX ueneil, Korga nPHMeHeHHe apyrHx McTOJtOB 3aTpyA-
HHTeJIbHO. KpoMe TOTO, B CJiytiae eu>e H CJIO}KHOPO BHJja KPHBbIX
HanpI}KeHHB HeO6XOJUHMO BbIIInCJIHTb t vem ) JISI Bcex y4aCTKOB ne-
pHOAa, HTO 3Hat-IHTeJIbHO yCJIO}KHSIeT McTOJ[.
4. rpa4)oaHamHTHVecKHe McTOAbI
K rpa(coaHaJIHTHLIeCKHM McTOJjaM OTHOCSITCSI McTOJL '4HHa [JI. 10]
H McTOA B. (D. Ta6agHIHCKOrO [,TI. 11].
a) B .etude yuHa HcnoJlb3yeTCx nPHHuHn HaJloxceHH5. HecH-
31
J U (t) e Ptdt
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IIVCOIIJjammbHoe Hanp5I}KeHHe, Hanpnrep, np5TMOyrOJIbHOIfI (kOpMbI,
nH.noo6pa3HO13, TpaneueH.la imio i, noBTOp5IIOHjeuc5l 3KcnoHeHTbI,
pacKJTaAblBaeTC51 Ha CyMMy 6ojiee npOCTbIX KpHBbIX, CABHHyTbIX BO
BpeMeHH (pac. 3).
ycTaHOBHBHIaHCSI BbIXOAIIaq 4)yHKIjHH paBlia CYMMe BbIXOAHbIX
d)yHKIuHFI OT Ka}KAOIi COCTaBJIHIOIueld KPHBOII npH yCTpeMJIeHHH'IHic-
JIa COCTaBJISIIoL uHX K 6eCKOHegHOCTH.
HaCTOHHjHj McToJI, n0 CpaBI1eIIHIO C pa3J1o)KeHHC_M B Psl,-j q)ypbe
aKnaH
4 A&u
t,
KOpo,ie H AaeT pe3yJlbTaT B BHAe
CyMMbI 3KCHOHCHUHaJIbHbIX H a,11-e-
6paHnecKHx (pyHKuflc. Flo cpaBHe-
HHIO C ApyrHMH McTO,I aMH HMeeT
npOCTyIO H AOCTynHylo MaTeMarH-
IlecKylo ocHOBy. OAHaKo OH Me-
Hee Togfe,H, Kpo'HOTJIHB H Aoq
CJIOX{HbIX KpHBbIX Hanp51}KeHH5I pe-
KOMeHJjOBaH 6bITb He MO)KeT.
t 6) B. (D. Ta6awnicxmU npeA~1o-
PHc. 3. I'eoMeTpu'lecKoe pa3AoxKe- PHC. 4. I'pa(pwlecKoe onpeAeAeHHe Bpe-
HIIe He.'HHyJOHAeAbHOH KpUBOH McHH 11po)(OJI KHTeJIbHOJTn HepeXOAHoro
Hanpu KeHHH Ha 6oAee npO,Tbie KPH- npouec.a.
Bble, I:ABHHyTble BO BpeMeHH.
WHO H351HjHhI6 McTOZ[ rpa4JHIIeCKOro nOCTpoeHHSI npH6JIII)KeHHOro
Bblpa)KeHH5l HHTerpajla gioaMeJISI AJI51 Hax0}KAeHHH yCTaHOBHBIIIeroCH
3Ha4eHHH TOKa (pac. 4).
B 3TOM McToae no KpHBOII nepeXORHOFI npOBOAWMOCTH rpa()lH-
tlecKH onpeaeJIHeT:q BpeMR In B TegeHHe KOTOpOrO 3axaH'-IHBaerc5I
nepexo,tjHbIl3 npouecc (BpeMSI KnpaKTHLIecKOI3 rIPOgO DKHTeJIbHOcTH>
repexoAHOro npouecca).
BpeMR t? pa36H'BaeTCH Ha m paBHbIX HHTepBaJIOB. Bnpaso OT
TOLIKH t? no OCH BpeMeHH OTKJIa.UbIBaeTCH OTpe3oK, paBHbI6 HccJle-
,UyeMoMy HHTepBaJly BpeMeHH, H TO)Ke pa36HBaeTCH Ha IIaCTH TaKOcI
)Ke JIJIHreJIbIIOCTH, IITO H OTPe3OK t,. KpHBa5l HanpH3KeHIIq C 3a-
AaHHON Ha'aJlbHOcI OpJjHHaTOI3 CTPOHTC5I BnPaBO OT TOLIKH tn, a 3a-
TeM BJIeBO OT TOLIKIT t,, npoACJI}KaeTC5I AJISI OTpHuaTeJlbHUrO Bpe-
Me.HH U(-t).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ho UOCTpoeHHbIM KPHBbIM Y (t) H BXOAHOrO HaHpH)KeHHH U (t)
BbI+IHCJ12fOTCHI OpAHHaTbI HCKOMOrO TOKa no Bblpa i enu10
M
im = LJ yk 1Uq
q=0
rAe im = = i (mAT);
q + k = m, HHJeKC q H3MeHHeTC51 OT 0 AO 172, HHAeKC k H3-
McnaeTCR OT M Ao 0.
TOHHOCTb McToJa oupejeJISIeTC2 norpeuiHOCTblO, C KOTOpoli Hafi-
,'jeHO BpeMA to , H 'incjioM HHTepBaJIOB, Ha KOTOpble pa3AeJIeHo
BpeMU to . 3TOT McTOA, KaK Bee rpaq)H4eCKHe McTO,m1, He ji,aeT
auaJIHTHLIeCKOrO Bblpa}KeHHA yCTaHOBHBUlerOCH TOKa.
1. N. Marchand, The response of electrical networks to non-sinusoi-
dal periodic waves, Proc. IRE, T. 29, 1911, Ns 5, cTp. 330-333.
2. C. H. K y p e H e B, Pa 4eT ueneS npH nepHOaH4e-KHX pa3pblBHblx HAM
HMIIyJIb.HbIX Hanpn?KeHHHX, ,3JIeKTpH4e.:TBO", 1953, Ns 12.
3. N a m l I n, The response of a networks to an arbitrary periodic dri-
ving force, Journal of the Franklin Institute, T. 2333, 1912, Ns 3, cTp. 257-270.
4. T. A. T a T y p, McTOAb1 pa.;vera y :TaHOBHBI-HX H TOKOB B JIHHe1Hb1
9JIeKTpH4e.;xHx CH.;TeMax npH HecHHy,;oHL anbHb1x nepHOAH4eCKHX Hanpa]KeHHHx,
i1H.:cepTauHa, M314, 1947.
5. O. M. b o r a T bi p e B, McTOA pac'eTa npHHy KAeHHOro TOKa OT nepHo-
u1ge.:KO6 3. J. c. Jllo6o.i (popAbi, 3OJIeKTpHge,;TBO", 1951, Ns 1.
6. E. H. I) a p a H 4 y K, IlepeXOAH,Ie np0'(e.:.:bl B JIHHe.IHbIx 3JIeKTpHVe-
CKHX uerSIX C CocpejjoTOgeHH,1.,1H no.:TO+IHHbL+IH HpH BKJIIO4eHHH nepH0AH4e-
CKHX 3. 11. C., PaAHOTeXHHKa", 1953, Ns 8.
7. T. A. T a T y p, Pa,:geT yCTaHOBHBIHHXCH TOKOB ripe He,:HHyCOHAaJIbHblX
nepHOjjH4e,;KHX Hanpi}KeHHax, Tpyabl M9H, Bbin. 3, 19+8.
8. D. L. W a i d e I i c h, Steady-state currents of electrical network,
Journal of Applied Physics, T. 13, 1912, Ns 11, cTp. 706-712.
9. 14. C. T o H o p o B K H H, PaAHo.:HrHaJIb1 H nepexoAHbie HBJIeHHII B pa-
AIIoIIenHx, CBa3bx3AaT, 1954.
10. P. T. C h i n, Circuit response to non-sinusoidal wave forms,
Electronics, T. 17. 1944, Ns 10, cTp. 138 -141.
1 1 . B. I. T a 6a g H H C K 11d, 1-paCpoaHaJIHTH4eoKeHHe
B rJIaBHble LIJIeHbI
(37)
(38)
~~ 2
ak qk + wk ak qk bk qk
y'paBHeHHH (26) nouCTaBHTb 3Ha'eHne
gk =q kT + AgklI
a B CyMMy AY, bk~iq~i , NMeIOLuyIO BTOpOCTeneHHOe 3HateHHe, BeJIH-
gk = gkl'
O6'beAHHfli gjleHbI C ?MaJIbIM napaMeTpoM" A, nOJIyqHM uncj
(IepeHunaJlbHoe ypaBHeHne AJISI onpeJeJIeHH51 BTOpOFO npH6omKeHHo:
a k gkl1 + wk ak gkll + bk gkll bkngnl' (39)
is=0
(n' k)
k=0, 1, 2,...
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
f1puMeHAH (OpMyJly )] oaMeJIA, HaH,CjeM:
gkll (t)- S
0
_
gkll - akWkr bkngnrn X
it =0
(n k)
('kr Sill ((Ot + -?n) + c,le-0ktsin (Wkrt -{- Y -'P
W 2
kr
r,ae q z1 MO}KeT 6bITb nojlygeHo 143 (35) H (36) HpH 000TBeTCTByrO-
H),eM H3MeHeHHH HHj[eKca.
TaK KaK gk11 eCTb TOJIbKO yTOgHeHHe OCHOBHOrO pefeHHH, I3'
j[aJIbHeAHIHX BblgHCJIeHHAX ygTeM, 'TO P i k < W , ROJlygaeM:
arkr Sin(Y-`Pn)(e---"nt COSW nrt --B-'kt COS Wkrt)+
2
wkr-
orn ;'k t
a, -cos({ - gyp? (Wkre Sin Wnr t -Ware sin (okr t)
q 11
E
no
(nrk)
-ak(t-k) 00
B SiI1Wkr(t
k 'k - 21 bk,,gnl (;L) d~, (40)
a r
n=0
(n .6 k)
(41)
(k = 0, 1, 2,...
bkOnnl w2
ak _W2Cos ((I)t v-~,z)+
kr
cos (wkr t d- ~ - `Pn)
+ C -ok t I
W sill (~ -Yn) (Wnre-?ryt SitlWnrt - Wkrerkt SillWkrt)
-k,
S t
~ - wnr cos (~~ (e n cos Wrtrt - e-Sht COS Wkrt fly
o 1
- (42)
- Wnr
k=0, 1,2,...
BTOpoe Hpu6.ilnxceHHe gk1I oTJ1Hgaerc5i no cpa3e or HepBoro Ha
H, B OCHOBHOM, yTO'HAeT aKTHBHble caaraeMble TOKOB.
4*
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Bcerjja MON{HO orpaHHLIHTbCSI BTOpbIM np116JIH>KeHHeM, He BbILIH-
CJIAR TpeTbero qkl? . KpoMe Toro, HOLIITH BCerAa JAJ15I npaKTWIeCKliX
pacLleroB Heo6XOAHMa5I TOTTHOCTb AoCTHraeTCSI y?Ke nePBbIM npH6JIH-
}KeHHeM H HO3TOMy (cOpMyJIbI (41) H (42) MOryT 6bITb HOnOJIb3OBa-
HbI JIHIIjib AJ1H KOHTPOJ151 norpeLIIHOCTH.
BJIII5IHHe aKT'IIBHbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHII Ha TOKopacnpeAeJIeHHe B
cxeMe 60JIbWIe Bcero CKa3bIBaeTCH npH onpeAeJIeHHH CJiaraeMbiX, co-
OTBeTCTByIOIijHX KOPHIO ,k=0. F103TOMy B CJIO}KHbIX, pa3BeTBJIeHHbIX
cxeMax c HyJI,eBbIMH eMKOCT5IMH 1PH HaJIHLIHH 60JIbIHHX aKTHIBHbIX
COnpOTHBJIe?HHH BO 1H36e}KaHHe norpelUHOCTeI4 COOTBeTCTByIOLUHe
CJlaraeMble TOKOB H Iianp11)KeIIHIi pe'KOMeHJI-yeTCSI BbILIHCJISITb iieno-
CpeACTB&eHHbIM paC4e'TOM 3THX CXeM, 6e3 npHMeHeHH1 yKOpOLIeHHO-
ro ypaBHeHIIH JlarpaHxca (24).
TOKH H Hanpi}KeHHH BbILIHCJH IIOTCSH C nOMOHjbIO PaBeHCTB (14),
(2) H (3). DTH I~opMyJlbl npH HeCHMMeTpHHIHbIX KOPOTKHX 3aMbIKa-
H'H'HX JjalOT JIHIHb COCTaBJ15IIOHIHe BeJIHLIIHHbI. 3Ha1 HX, c nOMOiljblo
143'B?ecTHbIX 000THOLHeHHH B cacreMe a(30 (CM. [JI. 10]) MO)K'HO Bbl-
xliliCJIHTb 4)a3?Hble TO'KH Ii Hanp5l}KCHHSI Tpex(Ja3HOI-t CHCTeMbi.
BbI(He OAHOBpeMeHHO CO CBo60lHbIMH CJlara'eMbIMH TOKOB H Ha-
npSIxCeHHI'( Bb1LIHCJ151JIHCb H npHHy)Kj eHHble 3Ha'IeHHH paCCMaTpH-
BaeMbIX BeJIHHITH. 01114, KOHe'IHo, MOryT 6blTb HaHAeHbI H OTJ[eJIbHO
C nOMOLLjbIO CHMBOJIHLIeCKoro McToaa H HcnOJIb3oBaHbl B KageCTBe
YaCTH'HHOH npoBe.p'KH pa'CgeTOB, BbIHOJIHCHHblX MeTOAOM 'o6o6iiieIi-
HbIX KOOPaHHaT.
BbIBOJ),bI
1. B OTJIHLIHe OT ApyrIX McTOJLOB pacleTa nepeXOJtHbIX npoLjeC-
COB B RJIHHHbIX JIHHH5IX [JI. 8-11] McTOA o6o61I[eHHbIX KOOpJjHHaT
IIpHBOAHT K pellleHHIO B BHAe rOTOBbIX (4OpMyJI. PeLueHHe B o6nleM
BHJje aaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb npoaHajIH3HpoBaTb npoueCC B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT H3MeHeHHIi napaMeTpOB H cnoco6CTByeT B3aHMHOH npOaepxe
l opMyJl; Bbixiiic IeHHH npH KOHKpeTHbIX pacLIeTax noayLiaiorcH npo-
ige. P,eeH1eH,He o6JIaAaeT HarJIHAHOCTbIO, Ta.K KaK BCC BhTLIHCJIeHHII
()113HLIeCKH o60CHOBaHbI.
2. gJIH pac ieTa CJIOBKHbIX CXeM, aJIH KOTOpbIX HCKOMble Bblpa-
)KeHHH noJIy4IalOTCH CJIHHIKOM rp0M03AKHMH, 6yuyT 6o.ie,e uejiecoo6-
pa3HbI llaCTOTHble McTOAbI [JI. 9 11 11], KOTOpb1e COLieTaIOTC51 ?C IIpH-
McHeHIHeM pacqeTHbIX CTOJIOB, a TaK}Ke BbpIH,CJIHTeJIbHble MamHHbl.
0TMeTHM, LITO B paC'LIeTaX, BbI'nOJI'HSIeMbIX 6e3 yLleTa eMKOC'THor0 31([)-
([)eKTa ITHHHH, HiMeeT MCCTO Ta x{e CHTyauHH: CJIO)KHble cxeMbI pac-
CgHTbiBaIOT'C51 ?C nOMoIIIhJO pacMeTHbIX CTOJIOB, a HecJIO>KHble - aHa-
JIHTHLLeCKH,M nyTeM.
3. Pein'eHHe noJlygaeTCH B BIIAe noHTH-nepHo.uj4IeCKHx (JYHKIUIIK,
nePBble HeCKOJIbKo LIJIeHOB pHAa KOTOpbIX AalOT npH6JIH}KeHHe, ao-
CTaTOLiIIoe AJ11 ripaKTHLIeCKHX paciieTOB. (D0pMyJIbI HMelOT CTpyKTy-
py, CB513aHHyIo C CO6CTBeHHbIMIH K0JIe6aH'HHMH CHCTeMbI. Tai{oe
peLHeHHe HMeeT npeHMymeCT'BO, KorAa paCLIeTbI npeAHa3HaLIeHbI JIJIA
H3yHeHH5I yCJIO'BHSI pa60Tbl peJIeAHOI'I 3aLuwrbT [JI. 8].
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
17pnMep. PaCCMOTpUM cxeMy pnc. 2, COOT BeTCTByfOIllylO TpeXl)a3HOMy KO-
pOTKOMy 3aMblKaHwO B KOHge AJIHHHO11 JIHHHH.
KpaeBble VCJIOBHH exeMbl 6e3 nOTepb
x
C doze = L1 d Q2B (43)
n x-0
1 9Qce d 2Qce
Cn dx =L2 dt2
YcJ1OBHe (43) Aaei, cooTHOUIeuHe MC?KJ HOCTOH111iblMl1, BXO BLI HMn B COCTaB
BblpaKeHHH (12)*:
Bk = - Ak Ctg elk, (45)
Ctg elk =
r1OACTaBJHH B (12) coOTHOilieHHe (45) H peaJIH3yH yCJ1OBHe (44), nonyvaeM xa-
paKTepnCTHgeCKOe ypaBHeHne:
IIr~
wk [tg (wkT + elk) + wk L2 = 0,
z c
KOTopoe peniae TCH rpa())nrecKn C )'TORHeHHeM KOpHeli no cnoco6y HbIOTOHa.
Bblpa}KeHHe Ant 3ap5iAa Q (12) nepennn,eTCH:
Co
(Q= gkCOS( wkx+0lk)+go, (48)
k=1
AkPk
rAe qk = - sin elk - o6o6weHHal KoopAHHaTa paccMarpneaeMoii cHCTeMbi
(plic. 2).
HOTeHunaJ1bHas aneprun CHCTeMbi V (17) (6e3 y IeTa KOJie6aHH5i k = 0)
paBHa:
1/r 00
v= 2.I$( )2dx=L
0 k=1
zccokgk
8 [2wk : -sin 2 (w
+ 0 1k) + Sin 2e1k)s (49)
Z
Ok k : wkgk 4k [2wk t -- sin 2 (wk ` + elk) + sin 2elk) (50)
"Qk ucuz u - Um COS elk) Sin wt 51)
)k = Qqk ucm- m (wk` + ]k) ( +~')' ~
AMnJIHTy,aa o606u>,eHHOA KOOpAHnaTbi:
Um Sin Yk COS (wk'[ + elk)
qkm - - (wk - w2) ak
(52)
I BBHAy TOIro, 'ITO C XeMa plc. 2 co ep>KHT dumb OAHH y laCTOK .iainin, HHAeKc in lie lips-
McHHeTCH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(Dy1IKRHH pacceHHns F (25) (6e3 ygera KoJIe6aHuH k = 0) paBHa:
F 2 J (Q) 2 + R (Y a+R2(
zc cc (q )2
8L., wk [`wk
k=1
00 00
E (qk)2 COS2 elk + R2 E (qk)2 c,S2 (wk' + elk).
k -1 k=11
in 2 (wk?+Olk) - sin 201k) +
OF rnzc
bk = o gk : qk = -E2 4wk [2wk : + sin 2 (wkti + Olk) - sin 201k) +
+ R1 cost elk + R2 cos2 ((qk' + Olk)-
l n[ L
ao,io
Pnc. 3. PacgeTHaH cxeMa JIHHHH C HyJIeBbIMH eMKOCTHMH.
BbI4nCJIeHHH cjlaraeMo5, COOTBeTCTBylOnjei k = 0, BhlnOJIHHK)TCH B cxeMe
C HyJIeBbIMH eMKOCTHMII (pnc. 3) H npeJIeJIbHO npOCTbI:
gO U,.. Sill ~Pa (55)
na -
w2a(,
a? = L1 + L?1 + L2, (56)
b?= R1+r11+R2. (57)
ToK B JII06OM ce4eHHH JIHHHH paBen:
00
qk cos ~k x -}- elk
k=1
me qk onpeue1HeTC2 no cpopMyJle (35), a qo -no (popMyJle (36).
I7PIIJIO2KEIIHE
I(OKa3aTeJ1bCTBO paBeHcTBa Hynro Ko94)4)HI{HeHTOB akn H Ckn, BXOAAIAHX
B COCTaB BbIpa)KeHHN 9HeprHH MarHHTHoro (16a) H 9JIeKTpH9ecKoro (17a)
noJIe% CHCTeMbI 6e3 HOTepb
RHa4aJte paccMOTpHM 9Hepruto MarnuTHOCO no.'IH T H K0344naueuTbI akn?
C603Ha4HM KpaTKO:
Ib 00
Q(, ) =
I gkXk (in), QLE = I gkXkLE-
kk==0 k-0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
l
T L12m) V [ (9k)Z X2(,) dx + E gkgn J Xk(nt)Xf(n,)dx] } +
(m) k 1(m) It---k 1(nz) )
+ {_- L, Ef (Uk) XkLE + 9kgn Xkl-;XnLE~
k nil=k
k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...;
n=0, 1, 2, 3,...
1I11TepeCYoruHH Hac Kosl?(I)HilneHT ak,, paseH:
Ln (nt) Lc
akn = 2 S Xk (nt)Xn (>t)dx +
2 XkL1.XnZ''
(m) 1(111) E
1112
Xk (m)Xn (m)dx =S XkXndx,
c1ke n}l H m2-KOOpJuIHaTbI KOHmOB JIHHIIH C I1HAeKCOM (m).
I]pHMeHHH HpaBHJlo HHTerpupoBaHFIH no HaCTHM H HC11O.1b3VH 000THOHIe-
Hue (8), HMeeM:
nl p in 2 1112
X
=- =-
J kXndx (Wk/ Xk
Xndx (Wk)21 Xk Xn-$ X; kXn dx
I _
lit, lit, 1n
_ y ,
- . C Wkl2 X11X, At - XkX II ) S
nt?
dx
XkXn - X.X"' I +
oil 1 m,
f !l WkJ2 J?XkXndx,
XkXt-X,1Xkim, 1-I XkXI1 - XIA,I nt
L? (1n)~ XkXndx 2 2 (64)
C, (m)(Wn -Wk )
' OTMeTHM, 4TO BNpa)KeHHe (61) cOAepICHT caarae1Ne, oxBaTWBaIou(He cocpeAOTo4eH-
HTe 9aeMeiTN CHCTCMN. B CBB3H C 9THM B paccMaTpRBaeMoll MBTOlHKe HeT orpaH1J4eHHl1 AJIB
KK3aeBnx yCAOB Hit, KoTOpwe HMeIOT McCTO B 3aAa'e 11lTypMa-J1HyBHAAB [J1. 12].
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
C y ieioM (64), nepennlueM BblpaxceHHe (61):
- IXkXn - XnXk I ms IXkXn X114 1 11, }
akn
2Cn(m)(W,z-W2
k)
nz
2 XkLXnL
(65)
LJIH Torn 'ITO6bl n0Ka3aTb, 4TO K03() #L1HeHT akIL = 0, pacnpeAeJIHM meii bl
Bblpa)KeHHH (65) no y3JIaM paccMaTpHBaeMoa cxeMbl H aOKWKeM, 4T0 CyMMa
4JIeH0B, OTHocHu aacH K JIlO60My y3Jiy TOM CXCMbI, paBHa HYJIIO He3aBHCHMO
OT Apyrnx IJIeHOB Bbipa}KeHHH (65)'".
PaCCMOTPHM 9eTblpe XapaKTepHbIX y3JIa (pHc. 4,a-z), CooTBeTCTByi0IuHe
uocJIeLoBaTeJ1bH0My HJIH napaJIJleJIbHOMy BKJI10'IeHHIo HHAYKTHBHOCTH L nail
eMKOCTH C B CTbIK ABVX TIHHH ), nMelouUlx pa3Hble napaMeTpbl (Ln(1)' C,(1) H
Qrl), rfl Q(a)' ka) Qu1 ,) Q(sa L( )
L
L u
- L-v/ C4I) ral Lnrn_Cwfal _ LK11 Cnryl 4)~ Lw01_C'n1
a) 61
Qrn' w)
Q(a), 6(a)
C
L(f), "wry/ wm y ?ra! Lwal,Cw(v
Qru?w, Qrai, I(a)
L_m.Clrl ij C IV)LNU1Cwral
PHC. 4. CxeMbl npocTefn1HX y3JIOB AnHHHb1X JIHHHN.
a) /7ociaeooeame.2bHoe 6KAtO'iCKue ukoyKmuertocmu L 6 . ecme CmbKa
o8yx auuuti (pnc. 4,a). Ha paccMaTpHBaeMbi y3eJi H3 cOCTaBa Bblpa3KeHHH (65)
HpHXOAHTCH cJleAy1OLUHe c.naraeMble K03("HUHeHTa akn:
- XnXk 1121 I XkXn - XnXk I (1) L
XkX
n
a(a)-
k,z 2 2 2 2 + 2 XkLXrL =
2CL(21(wn-wk) 2C.,(1)(WZZ-Wk)
Xk(1) - Xk(2)
) X11(1) - X,,(2) L
X,z -I- 2 XkXn.
2(w2 -wti l ~~ Call) CC.,(1) C.,(2)
(66)
Hanpa)KeHHHMH B paccMaTpHBaeMoM y3Jie (pHc. 4,a)
di(1) I 19Q(I) oQ(2) - L o2Q(1)
(I) - 11(2) = L dt ' T. e. - C7 ox + n(2) ox 0t2
YgHTbIBaH (1) 11 (9), noayvaeM AJIH juo6o5 'I3CTOTbI:
Xk(1) - Xk(2) = cut LXk'
C4(1) C., 22) k
OTMeTH-i, 'ITO ce113b me+CAy eceM11 imHaMl BwpaaKeHug (65) Bce >Ke nMeeTCa. Kopwl
(apaKTepHcruveclcoro ypaaHeHaH wk 11 wn e,gHHbI AJH aced cxeMw.
*? 11pn nocJleAoeaTeihHOM coe3IHfH11H Q(1) = Q(2) = Q 111111 Xk (1) = Xk (2) -A k. ;jnst
HHAecca n cooTHouleutm iHa11orWIHbI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IZoAcraBiIRR (67) H (66), Ho,rlyvaeM:
akn - 2 [wk LXkX,Z - mn LX?Xk] + XkXf = 0. (68}
2(wnwk)
6) 77apaJtAe1bnOe BKCllauexue ukoyKmuexocmu L B ,i[ecme cmat/Ca oayx
,eu,iuia (pxc. 4,6). Ha paccMaTpHnaemhia y3ea HpHxoARTCR c,naraeMblel:
e I r Xk(1) S1) J
alert 2(wn__ o ) IL C1(1)(`'n(1)-Xn(2))- Ci(1)(Xk(1)-`~k(2)) +
+ ') XkLXnL'
dQL
gkYkL
L dt - k
I -Q(1) qk Xk(I)
u(1)dt=J- dt=~
L LC,(1) ox k LC., (1),2
^k(1)
XkL = 2
LC" (IN
CooTHOmeHI1e Me:KAy TOKaMII B paccMaTpHSaeMOM y3:Ie (puc. 4,6):
di(1) di(2) _ u(1)
d t dtt I.
(2Q(1) o2Q(2) I oQ(I)
ot2 ot2 - LC., (1) Ox
Xk(1)
Xk(I)- kk(2) LC., (1) wk
floACTaBJrRR (70) a (71) B (69), HoayeaeM:
Xk(1) X,,(1) Xn(1)
C.n(1) LCn(1)wr~ Ca(1)
Yk(I)Xn(1) - 0.
+ 2LC1(1)wk w2a
Ilprr HaJIVIHH oTBeTBaenH9 `(I) = U(2) HaH
Xk (1) Xk (2)
C., (1) C-r (2)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B) 17ocn.edoeamC.1bHoe etc.uwtekue e..MKOCmII C a .4tecme emuaca deyx
,luxait (pnc. 4,e). Ha paccMaTpnBaeMbl5 y3eJI (pHc. 4,e) IlpnxO,aHTCH:
Xk(1) Xk(2)
C,i(1) C~(2)) X,! -X,,(]) C Cn(1) -XC.1n(2)(2)) Xk ? (73)
C (u(1) 3!(2))= Q(1)1
()Q(1) I oQ(2) _ Q(l)
Ci(1) ox C,(2) dx - C
Xk(1) Xk(2) _ Xk
C
ih
3
LZ
PH C. 5. CJIOx:Hblii y3eJ1 PHC. 6. Pacv.neaeHne CJIO?KHOrO y3Jla
;IAHHHOH JIHHHH. AJIHHHOH JIHHHH Ha npocTe lnue.
r) Tlapanile1lbnoe ag.iro'tcuue e.lKOCmu C a .itecme Ctnuxa deyx .nunuu
(Inc. 4,2). Ha paccMaTpxeaemblii y3eJI npnxojHTCH:
() _ I k(t) l n(1) ( X
akn 2(cuZ-c, C ' X,i(i)-X,3(2) I Cnl)Xk(1)-k(2)
) [ ( ) ( ( \\
(76)
C dQ(11 C
Q(1)-Q(2)==- C, (1) Ox , T. E. Xk(1)-Xk(2)=- (1) Xk.
IToJ cTannHSI (77) B (76), noJlyHaeM:
E Xk(1) c Xn(1) C , l = 0
ak'-2(ten-wk) Cn(1)~~~ C~(1)Xn~- C~(1)~- Cn(1)Xk I .
PacCMOTpeHHbnl Bblule MBTEpnaJ! Mo?KHO o6o6Ii(HTb JjJIH y3Jla .nio6oH cao- -
HOcTn. HanpaMep, B CJIO?KHOM y3JIe (pHc. 5) Mb! BpeMeHHO `MO?KeM npe,gycMOT-
peTb L OHOJIHHTeJIbHble JIHHHH AJIHHO! Al, TNK 4TO6bl CXeMy pHC. 5 pa306IILHTb
Ha TpI He3aBHCHMbIX yrJIa (pHC. 6). I43BeCTHO, 4T0 B CXeMe pnc. 6 K03I"H1 aeuT
akrz paBea xynlo. Tenepb nepe51eM K npegeay Al -,>.o H nOJIy4HM, qTo akn=0
H B y3JIe no puc. 5.
I-Io3TOMy B J11060FI caCTe Me 6e3 fOTepb K03IIIDHHHe HTbt akn, BXOJ.[HHI,H8 B
CocTaB Bblpa?KeHnH 9!1C FHn Marnulnoro fOJIH T (16a), BCerAa paBHbl Hydllo.
PaBeHCTBO HyjIK) KO311IpuHHe HTOB ck,l 1WKa3b1BaeTC5i aaaJIOra4HO.
Xk Xn
akrt .) `l 2 ~ C Xir - `Yk ~O. (75)
rz k)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1. A. B. B b 10 JI e N, BoJIHOBble npoueccbl B 'HIIHBX nepeaa4H H TpaHC-
qIopMaTOpax, OHTH, 1938.
2. B. A. Be HHKOB, F1. F. I' pyAHHCKH5, J1. d. 1M0X0BCKaB,
H. H. Co J1 0 B b e B, A. M. (p e a o c e e B. O epKH 110 HCTOpHH 3HepreTH4e-
CKOO TeXHHKH CCCP. 3JIeKTpH4eCKHe CHCTCMb! H 37CKTpHieCKHe CTn, r9H,
1955.
3. B. T. ITS e ac H H, IToBe aeHne HanpaBJIeHHOii 3au);HTb1 oTpHuaTe.nblOH
noc.1e,aoBaTeJIbHOCTH C BbICOKO'acTOTHod 6J10KHpOBKON, C HHAyKUHOHHbIMH pene,
B yC 1OBHBX nepexoaHoro ripouecca npH KOpOTKHX 3aMbIKaHHnX B J1HHHaX 400 KB,
CHa63KeHHblx e.NKOCTHOii KOMncHcauncil. KaHA. AHcc., M31'I, 1953.
4. E. j. C a n H p, BbICOK04aCTOTHaH 3aLUHTa JIHHH3 nepe.ag c HpHMeue-
kiHeM (JHJIbTpOB CHMNeTpH4HbIX COCTaBJIBKrulix, Kana. )lHCC., M3H, 1952.
5. KpaTKOe onHcaHHC aHHaMH4eCKoi MO)leJIH 3JIeKTpH4c0KHX CHCTeM. IIoj
pea. npocb. B. A. BeHHKOaa, CHI4P M3H, 1955.
6. E. Gros s and L. R a b i n s, Transient analysis of three-phase power
systems, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 1954, NN 3 H 5.
7. R. D. E v a n s and R. L. W i t z k e, Practical calculation of electri-
cal transient on power systems, Trans. of the AIEE, T. 62, 1943, cTp. 690-695.
8. C. B. JI o c e B H A. B. 4 e p H H H, HpaKTHgeCKHii Mero. pacgeTa nepe-
XOAHbIX npoueCCOB npll KOpOTKHX 3aMbrKaHHAX Ha J1HHHHX c pacnpejeneHHhlMH
napaMeTpaMH, , 1957, No 4.
9. O. B. M a M 0 H T O B, PaCge'r nepeXOj[HbIX npOueCCOB B CJIO>KHbIX JIHHeil-
HbIX uengX C HOMOH(blO HHTerpaJla (Dypbc, >, 1956, JNq 8.
10. P. H. K a p a e B, HepexOAHble npOueCCbl B Tpex4 a3ilblX AJ1HHHbIX JIHHH-
six, KHbrx 3JICK-
TpngCCKHX uenax, H3B. AH CCCP, OTH, 1950, Ns 10.
12. P K y p a H T H )j. F H a b 6 e p T, McTOAbI MaTeMaTHgeCKO4i (p I13HKH,
f HTTJI, 1951.
13. Pc a e ii (,a>K. B. CTp3TT), Teopua 3ByKa, T. I, FHT T JI, 1955.
14. E. T. Y H T T e K e p, AHaJ1HTHIIeCKa5i AHHaMHKa. OHTH, 1937.
15. K. T e o A o p11 H K, ABe CHCTeMbI 3JIeKTpOMexaHHgeCKIIx allaJIOrHil C TO4-
KH 3peHHa ypaBHeHHFi )jBH>KeHHB JlarpaH>Ka, )KTD, T. VIII, Bbm. 18, 1939.
16. P. P 1o A e H 6 e p r, Ilepexounble npoueccbi B 3JIeKTpo3Hepl'eTHgeCKHX CH-
cTeMax, HJI, 1955.
17. A. H. K p bI 11 o B, JIeKUHH o npH6aHaceHHbIX BhIgHCJIeHHBx, I'HTTJI.
1950.
18. P. H. K a p a e B, Ilepexounble npOUeCCbl npH KO OTKHX 3aMblKan11aX
B JIHHHIIX 6ou,wON npoTa>KeHHOCTH, :e,ieHHA TOKOB B BeTBAX 3ajaHHOH CXeMbI (pAC. 2,a)
cJie,ayeT TpeylOJIbHIIK COHpOTHBJIeHHFi ZI , Z2 H Z3 (pnc. 2,6) Hpe-
o6pa3OBaTb B 3KBHBaJ1eHTHyIO 3Be3j[y H B pe3yjlbTaTe HOJIy'-IHTb
cxeMy CMeLUaHHOr'O COeJjHHeHHA HaccHBHbIX HeJIHHeIIHbIX H JIHHeFillb1X
JjByXHOJIIOCHHKOB. PacgeT TaKOH CXeMbI iie Hpej[CTaBJIAeT 3aTpyL-
HeHHFI.
AHaJIOrli9Hbu1 CHOCO6oM MO}KHO HpOH3BeCTFI pacVeT 3JIeKTpHile-
cKoH uenu H B TOM cJlygae, Korua B Ka}KjjylO BeTBb (pxc. 2,a)
C HeJIHHeIiHbIM 3.neMeHTOM BKJIIO'ICHa, KpOMe HeJIHHeuHOr0 3JIeMenTa,
KaTyHIKa, IIIIJYKT14BHO CB93aHHaB C OCTaJIbHbIMH HATbIO BeTBAM1IH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3. Mocmoeaft cxe a c mpe.nst He.luHeuHbt,ltu anemeHma.lu
u c qembtpbAtst uHd yKmuexo cest3aHHbt,I2u Kamyutka.Mu. Ha plic. 3,a
nOKa3aHa MOCTOBaH CXeMa C TpeMx HeJIHHeAHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH Z1 (I,),
Z3 (13), Z (I) H TpeMH KaTYIIIKaMH Z2, Z3 H Z4, HH,aYKTHBHO CB5I-
3aHHbIMH Me>Kj y co6oi1. Kpome Toro, Kaxcj as KaTy1IIKa HMeeT'
HH. yKTHBHyIO CBH3b C KaTyHIK014 Z0 , 3J1eKTpHqeCKH He COeaHHeHHO4
C jjpyFHMH BeTBHMH MOCTOBOfi CXeMbI H 3aMKHyTOfl Ha COnpOTHBJlc-
HHe Harpy3KH Z0.
Z, (r) a Zj
29(4) d Z3 4,
6~
PHc. 3. 9JIeKTpHeecxaH Henb C TpeMH HeJIHHeI4IHbiMII
3JIeMeHTaMH H TpeMH HHAYKTHBHO CBH3al1HbIMH KaTVHI-
KaMH ii ee 3KBHBa,neHTHaH CXeMa.
AJIH onpeje,ne ini napaMeTpob 3KBHBaJ1eHTHOK cxeMbl pHC. 3,6
BOCHOJIb3yeMCH McTO,aOM, I13JloxieHHbIM B [JI, 4), n HaHHHIeM Ha
OCHOBaHHH BTOpOrO 3aKOHa KHpxro(Ja jJIH CXeMbl pHc. 3,a CJIejLvio-
mHe ypaBHeHHH:
U-Z(1)?I+z3(I3)./3+(Z3+j(OM43)I3+V4+)wM34)14+
+ 1 (wM32 + -M42)/2) + 1 (wM30 + wM40)10;
U=Z(I)-1+ZI(II)11+2212+1wM2313+1wM2414+1(-'M-O/O;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O= Z1 V 1)' I1 + Z5I5 - (Z3I3 + JwM3212 + jwM34I4 + ]-M3010) -
-Z3(I3)'I3;
0 - ZOIO + I j -M02 I2+ / wM0313 + 1 o)M0414,
ZO=Z, O+Zu
O.
Bblpa3HB TOK IO H3 4eTBepioro ypaBHeHHH H HOaCTaBHB ero 3Ha-
YeHHe B HepBoe, BTOpOe H TpeTbe ypaBHeHHH, HMeeM:
U = Z (I 1 Z3 /13 .1 rZ wM WM"a wM J- 'M40)] I
1 ) l ) 3+L 3+i43+ Z? 30 I 3~
LZ4 JwM34 Z,4 (wM3o+("40)]I4+
+ [ i (oM32 + wM42) + Zoe ~wM30 wM40)1 I2;
-O=z (I)'I+Z1(II)'11+122+ZO j12+(I(OM23+ w ZraM2o)I3+
(JwM24 M",4-M20
++ mZ "
~I4
U = Z1 (I1)' I1 +Z5I5 - Z3 (I3)' I3 - 1Z3 + ~W Zo?~2 1 I3
)
- (JwM34 + Z? ~ 14 - (JwM39 + Z(,
,I10JIb3ySICb HepBbIM 3aKOHOM KHpxrocpa, 3aMeHHM B HepBOM ypaB?
?HeHHH TOK 12 LIepe3 1-14, noc ie Nero HoJIy4HM:
U== Z(I)'I+Z3(13)'13+Z3I3+Z4 I4+Z,I,
Z3 = Z3 + jwM43 + WZ O3 (wM30 + t)M40); Z4 = Z4 +
(wM(A - WM02)
+ 1 ((OM34 -- o)M39 - wM42) + (wM30 + wM40) Z?
Z'== / (")M32 + ")M42) + oo2((uM30 + wM40)?
AHaJIOrHxlHbIM HyTeM Ilpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHHI aim J1BYX AAyrH)c
KOHTypoB:
U= Z (I)'I +Z1 VII)'II +2212+ ZI II+Z'I;
0=Z1 (I1)'I1-I Z5I5-Z3(I3)'[3-Z3I3+Z1 `1+ Z5I5,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Z2 = Z2 - jwM42 + wM ,z (wM2o - wM4o); Z1 jwM32 -
wM cdM
~~ 3? ; ZS =1 (wM32 - (OM34) Z-3n (wM02 - wM04)
0
BeII 6yAeT HMeTb TaK}Ke I3~
HH,I[YKTHBHYIO CB23b C OA- 6J
HHM HJIH HeCKOJIbKHMH KOH- PHC. 4. Tpexo6MOTO4IHbIFt B03AyHIHbIF[ TpaHC-
TypaMH, 3JIeKTPHLIeCKH He q)opMaTOp C TpeMSi Hej1HHeFiHbI.NH 3aleMeH-
Coe,r nHe,iTHbIMH C BeTBHMH TaMH H ero 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxeMa.
MOCTOBOIi CXeMbI, TO H B
TOM cJIyilae MO)KHO allaJIorHtPHbIM HyTeM II'OJIy'IHTb 3KBHBa.TIeHTHyIO
cxeMy, no,ao6HyI0 pHc. 3,6, H ,O'npeAeJIHTb TOKH BO BCeX BeTBHX.
4. T pexo6,11omoinbtu 6o3d ywubtu mpaxc?opJVtamop c mpemq
lleAUHel Hbt Ylu 3JteJteItmahMu. AJIH Tpexo6MOTOLIHOrO B03,ZjynlHOrO
TpaHC(~OpMaTOpa C TpeMH HeJIHHeI1HbIMH 3JICMeHTaMH Z1(11), Z2(I2) H
Z3(13) (pHc. 4,a) cnpaBeaJIHBa 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxeMa [A. 551, rIOKa-
3aHHa5I Ha pHc. 4,6, rAe
KOB. B BeTBSIX 3rolt cxeMbl
He06XOJ1.H'MO Tpeyl'OJIbHI4K
COnpOTHBJIeHui L2, Z4 H U
(Z5+Z'5) npeo6pa3OBaTb B
3KBHBaJ1eHTHy}O 3Be3Jjy. 0--
r1oc.ne npeo6pa3'oBa1HH9 no-
ayLIHTCSI cxeMa B BHAe cMe-
IuaHHOrO C(>eAHHeHHH iie-
JIHHeIiHblx H JIHHeIiHbIX
naCCHB'HbIX ,aByXnOJIIOCHH-
KOB, pacLPeT KOTOp01i y}Ke
He npeaCTaBJISIeT 3allpyA-
HOHHfl.
Ec.na B KaxcAyIO BeTBb
M-O'CTOBOI3 cXeMbI (pac. 3,a) z,f!,)
C yKa3aiH,HbIMH HeJIH'Heu'HbI-
MH 3JIeMeHTaMH 6yneT Ul
BKJI}O Ha KaTyLUKa, HHAyK-
THBHO CB513aH'Haa C oiCTaJIb-
HbIMH fSITb1O BeTBH'MH, H
eCJIH Ka3KAaH H3 3THX BeT-
fOJlytleHHbIM ypaBHCHHSIM yAoB.neTBOpaeT 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxe-
M J, npHBe. eHHan Ha pHC. 3,6. TOKII BO BCeX BeTB IX 3TOII cxeMbl IP
HBHp5I)KOHHSI Ha 3a)Ki1Max
HeJIHHeI'iHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB \216
HMeIOT TaKHe ]Ke 3HaLIeHII5I, Z,(I,) CZ2
KaK B 3aaaHHSH CXeMe pHC. 3,a. A.nx onpe.elexxx TO- M
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Z I =Z1 +1(aMi2+oM13); Z 2 = Z2+ 1(wMi2+(OM23);
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Zi =. Z3+1(w)'W'I+WN'32); 212-,__- j()\412;
Z23 - fo)!1'123 H Z31 = - 5(')11131.
IloC,ne Hpeo6pa3OBaHHH 3Be3jbI CUHpOTIIBJIeHHH Z1,,, L23 H Z31 B 9KBIi-
BaJIeHTHbIH TpeyI'OJ1bHHK HOJIYgHM CXe,\1y B BH7e CIvIeuiaHlloro COeA11-
HeHH2 HaCCHBHbIX HeJIHHe13HbIX 11 JIHHeHIHbIX jByXHOJIIOCHHKOB, KOTO-
pylo 'IerKO paCC)iuTaTI, 113.7lo)FeHHbJM Bb!1He CHOCO6oM,
1. IZ. A. H 0 11 K H H, B3aHMHOe npeo6pa3oBaHHe TpeyrOJibHHKa 11 3Be3,1i,1
HPH HHAyKTHBHO}i CBH3H, >, 1940, N9 7.
2. H. A. 1'1 0 H K H H, TeopeMa TeBeHeHa B npHMeHeHHH K 9JICKTPHiieCKIIM
HCHBM C HHAyKTHBHOH CBH3bIO, H3'CT, 1941, N9 5.
3. 1Z. A. 14 OH KH H, K BO'npOCy 0 uenax c MaFHHTIIOll CBA3bIO, M314, ;jHC-
cepTauHa, 1941.
4. H. A. H 0 H K H H, 0 cxeMax 3aMen(en1H 3JIeKTPH4eCKHX Uenef c MarH11T-
110H CBa3bIO, >, 1947, N9 2.
5. H. A. H 0 H K H H, 0 CxeMaX 3aMelueHHa naCCHBHbIX MHOroHOJIK)CHHKOB,
, 1950, N2 11.
6. H, A. H o H K H H, Pacie-r ueneH nepeMeHHoro TOKa C HHepUHOHHbIMH He-
JIHHe}iHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH, >, 1954, N9 9.
7. M. H. JI e B H H, Bonpocbl o6uuec TeOPHH H pacveTa 3JIeKTPH4eCKHX H3Me
pHTenbabIX ueneH, ROKTOpCKa5i AHCcepTaUHH, M3H, 1949.
8. P. A. B o p o H ID B H F. fi. H o H o m a p e B a, Kp:yroBbie amarpaMMbl npo
MCCJIeAOBaHHH HeJIHHeHHbIX ueneH, KaH K09(IJ4HUHeHTb1 'a 1k qepe3 COOT BeTCTByFOIuHe reoMeTprl-
'ieCKHe 6e3pa3MepHble BeJIHgHHbl, HOCJIe Hpeo6pa30BaHHcl noJIygIaeM:
Q2=-k,R b,
k2UZ12R02 1
k-- b (h J
(P K Roe
Q I R,), + ARoz
U b R0. 12 kg h,,b
Q1, = h3 Ro. 1 Roz + ARo,) R0, + ARo2
(30)
(31)
(32)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
e) Paciem noHU;xc eNuR d enpeccuoHKOU Kpue0u Bd o.2b OCU CuM-
Jiempuu ycmaHO8KU. AJ1H pacqeTa CHH}KeHH51 JlenpeCCHOHHOI1 KpH-
BOH BAOJib OCII ocyLHaeMoro yqaCTKa Hai3JjeM nbe30MeTpHMeCKHIi Ha-
HOP Ha IOBepXHOCTH 11, CHHTaa, HTO P=O, onpeJjeJIHM CHWKeHHe
,aenpeCCHOHHOII KPHBOII H3 yCJIOBHSI
Oz = - h. (33)
Pbe30MeTpoggeCKHi3 HanMp BJjOJIb OCH CHMMeTPHH BO4OHOHHxceHHn Bbl-
pa}KaeTCSI C fOMOLn,b10 TOM }Ke (~yHKLI,IIH (D (cm. pHC. 8):
h=22IIL(2K)QI+q)(L 2f/D)Q2
(34)
3Haa Q1 H Q2 H onpe,geJIHB no rpa4JHKaM puc. 7 H 8 BeJIH4HHb1 ali,
L L-2D1
(2H) H ( 2H MO}KHO HacTH 3HagenHe Az.
.IO' Z ,Q
alm .u n/u QIK?Ua9as)
49 f,2 2 4 6a[
Pic, 9. 3aBneuMOCTH Q, h x Jo OT pacCTOnHHH Me>K)V ps1AaMH pa3H0HMeHHblx
3JIeKTp0AOH.
Ha pHC. 9 113o6pa>KeHbI rpaCpHKu 3aBHCHMOCT11 y;jeJIbH01I-Harpy3-
KH Ha aAeKTpOJ1, I,,, CHH}KeHHH V'pOBLIH rpyHTOBbIX BOJ( BAOJIb OCH
KOTJIOBBHa H pacxoJja BOabI B OJjHOM HTJIOCjJHJIbTpe Q, paCCLIHTaHHbIX
n0 OnHCaHHOII BbIHIe McTOJ(HKC JRJIA pa3JIHLIHbIX 3HaTICHLIii D. Ppuu
pac'-IeTe HpHHHTbI CJIejjyiou ue pa3Mepbl pacnoJIO}KeHHA 3JIeKTpOJJOB
H napaMeTpbl rpyHTOB: TOJIHWHHa CJIOH CyrJIHHKa H-==9,4 M, rJIy6H-
Ha 3aJIO}KeHHH HTJIOC)IIJIbTpOB H aHOAOB 1 = 6, m pacCTOuHHe Mexcny
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3JIeKTpoAaMH B play b = 1,2 At, paCCTOHHHe Me) (JLY p1,gaMH 3JIeK-
TpOAOB OT 0,6 jio 6 At, HIHPHHa KOTJIOBaHa (paCCTOAHHe me>Kay pa-
;iamH HrJIO(JHJIbTpOB) L = 42 At, rJIy6HHa BaKyyMa Hk = 5 At, pa-
AHyc 3JIeKTpojioB r0=2,5 cit. HanpaxteHHe U=60 8, k2U=9 H 30 MM,
ki,= 3,33.10-6 cM/cetc H k9~ =10-6 cat/cetc, y = 5.10`4 1 IOM. C.M.
COnOCTaBJIeHHe pe3yJlbTaTOB pacneTa c gaHHbIMH MoAeJIHPJBa-
HHH noKa3blBalOT xopOHlee coBnajeHHe. ECJIH npH MOJaeJIHp3BaHHH
(cm. pHC. 3) Aim D = 2 M H k2U = 30 M rnJJIygeHo z = 2 M, TO
paci-leT AJ151 3THX x{e napaMeTpoa jiaeT z =1,8 M. UJI51 Toro xce
3Ha4eHHll k2U H D = 0,6 M MojieJIHpJBaHHe (cm. pHc. 4) jiaeT z =
= 1,4 M, a pacqeT 1,24 At. TaKHM o6pa3oM, pacxo}KJeHHe He npe-
BblHlaeT 20 Cm, 'ITO fI,JIM OpI1eHTHp0B0LIHJr0 pac eTa BHOJIHe AJHy-
CTHMO. 143 npHBeaeHHoro paC'leTa TaK)Ke CJIeAyeT, 'ITO aOnyCTHMaq
Harpy3Ka Ha 3JIeKTpoA npH paAHyce al-lo, a r0=2,5 Cm H Y=:
= 5.10-4 1 /o Yb ? cm n0 q)opMyJie, npeJJlo}1ceHHoF A. A. MyxMHbIM
[JI. 10]:
10= 1,6 (a/ m) 110 j/5. 00-4.103=1,9 a/M;
TaKIIM o6pa3oM, HpH Hanp5l}KeHHH U = 60 B aAH AaHHbIX napaMeT-
POB rpyHTa H 3JleKTpOjioB HeACnyCTHMO yCTaHaBJIHBaTb 3JIeKTpOAbI
Ha paCCTORHHH MexKAy pa3HOHMeHHbIMH 3jieKTpOAaMH, McHbHleM
4eM 1,4 At, TaK KaK npH 3TOM Harpy3Ka Ha 3JIeKTpOAbI npeBblulaeT
MaKCHMaJIbHO AOnyCTHMyIO.
3. Y9eT BJIHS1HHA 3aBHCHMOCTN kj, OT E Ha npogecc BOAOIIOHH)KeHHSI
B page HccJIeaOBaHHI3 3aMegeHO, 1ITO KO3(p(pHLiH,eHT (pHJIbTpaLHH
3aBHCHT OT Hanpa)KeHHOCTH E. 9TOT 3(14eKT, Ha3Ba,HHbIfl 34)4)eK'rOM
(De,OpOBa, Ha6,rno.L aeTca AaJIeKO He BCer)La, TeM He McHee npeACTaB-
.'IReT HCKOTO'pbII'l HHTepec paecMOTpeTb ytleT 3TOr0 34X)e'KTa npH pac-
4eTe BOJAOnoHH)KeHHH.
3aBHCHMOCTb KO3(i)4JHuHeHTa (JHJlbTpaUHI'P OT Hanp I)KeHHOCTH
3JIeKT'pHTIeCKorO nOJISI MO)KeT 6bITb npH6JIH}KeHHO BbIpaxKeHa JioMa-
IIOII .,'IH'HiHeII (pnc. 10).
O6bIqHO Hanp,0KeHH0CTb no.la E2, COOTBeTCTByIOHiaa BepXHe'My
H3JIOMy KpHBOI%I, 3HaLIHTeJIbH,O 6OJIbHIe, '-IeM Hanpaa}KeHHOCTb nOJISI Ha
3JIeKTpojie, m npaKTHT-IeCKH rIpHX0A14TCH HMeTb AeJIo c y4IaCTKOM
XapaKTepHCTHKH HH)Ke 3'roro H3JIOMa. ECJIH HaHpa}KeHHOCTb HOJIH
Ha 3JIeKTp0Ae McHbllle E1, TO TaK KaK B OCTaJIbHOH gaCTH HOAR Ha-
npSI}KeHHOCTb HOJIH eHie McHbuIe, TO ko, BO Bce13 o6JIacTH rpyHTa
nOCTOAHeH H ero MO}KHO CT1HTaTb paBHbIM k fit -IT npHHHMaTb MCTO-
AHKy MojieJIHpoBaHHx, onHCaHHyIO paHee.
BJIH'HHHe 3aBHCHMOCTH ko OT E MO)KCT 6bITb cym.eCTBe'HHbIM
B TOM CJIy'-Iae, KOrAa Hanpal}KeHHOCTb HOAR Ha 3JIeKTpOJe E0 > E1.
PaCCMOTpHM CJIy4laI3, KOr)7a El < E0 < E2. r1yCTb JIHHIIH paBHOI-I
HanpH}KCHHOCTH nOJIH (3KBajieHca), COOTBeTCTBylolgaa E = E1,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
"meeT BHA oxpy}KHOCTH paAHyca r1 C 1,eHTpOM, CoB[la,RalomHM
C OCbJO xaTOAa (pHc. 11).
B npaKTHttieCK11X yCJIOBH5IX B6JIH3H IZHJIHHApHggeCKHX KaTOAOB
HanlSI}KeHHOCTb nOJIH 6bICTpo y6bIBaeT H JIHHHSI p%OBI[OH Hanp5IM eH-
HOCTH BeCbMa 6JIH3Ka K OKpy)KHOCTH. B TaKOM CJiytiae 1I3MeHeHHe
rHApO1[HHaMHtIeCKOro COnpOTHBJIeHHH B npHKaTOAHOH )6JiaCTH MO-
w, T 6bITb HOI1,CgHTaHO KaK pa3HOCTb rnApOAHHaMH'tIe0KHx conpC':THB-
JIeHHri ABYX KoaKCHa.IbHbIX H,IIJIHH-
ApOB C BHCHIHHM paAHYCOM r1 H
BHYTpeHHHM ro. Pa36epeM ABa cJly-
Bas:
tK0
1 1 E
1 ~
Eo Es
E
,
PHd, 10. YnpOLueHHaH 3aBHCHMOCTb g 0CH 11.
NKa OleMa 30HhI Oe NOBbI N1 eHHb1-
Ha
ly l~ 9J1eKa HT k OT MH 4)HJlbTpall$0HHbIMH CBO4ICTBaMH.
np%)KeHOJTH 3JLeTpHgeCKOrO
nong E.
a) k = k,,1= Const; I
k
6) ko=k~I+kE2-EII(E-E1)= (35)
kg0-kgl (E-EI)>
h~1 Eo - E>
r&e k4o H E0 - KO34 FLHeHT (HJIbTpauHH H Hanp5 KeHHOCTb FOJI51
Ha nOBepXHOCTH 3JIeKTpoaa.
PaccgHTaeM o6a 9TH ruApOAHHaMH4eCKHe conpoTHBJIeHHSI. VIA
B cjiytlae a) rHapoAnHaMHHecxoe ConpoTHBJIeHHe Me)KAy ABY
KoaKCHaJIbHbIMH II;HJIHH,i(paMH nOACHHTbIBaeTC5i no o611JeH3BeCTHOH
4)opMyJle
I ri (36)
R,1 = Talks 1 In r~ .
B c,nyqae 6) AJIa noACgeTa conpOTHBJIeFHH Heo6xoAHMO ytieCTb
3aBHC14MOCTb Ko3 x uu,HeHTa IluJIbTpaumi kf OT paUllyca. TaK KaK
IIpH paAma?IbHOM paCTeKalHH TOKa Hanpl Ke11HOCTb noJIa 06paTHO
nponopl>,HOHaJIbHa paJHycy
Eoro = E1r1= Er,
6 TpyAL1 N19H, Burn. XXVII.
(37)
81
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1 I
E - E1 r rl
En - E1 - 1 1
r0 r1
i 1 ro
r1--ro r -_r1--rr,
k(- kij I + (k C r
o k 1) 1r? r
ri-r0 r r1-r0~
ky 1r1_- k jor, __ (k i o - k I) rorl air + a2r1
(38)
(39)
rAe a1 _k lrl-krl?r,, _(k0 -kr,,1)ro
r1-rig a
a 2y r1-r0
r11JjpOJjHHaMH4eCKOe COHPOTHBJ1eHHe Me>Kjjy JjBYM51 UHJIHHJjpFI4eC-
K11MH Tpy6KaMH
_r, r,
dr
dr (al -}- a2) rl
'R,2 2arlk $ 2nl (air + a r ~aa l~n a r (40)
2 1) 1 0+a2ri'
ro ro
r1OJjCTaBJIHH Bblpa)KeHHH al H a2, HOJIy4aeM:
r
_ 1 1 ri k,,Ir1
R,2 2a1k~1 ' 1 - rok,, o In )io or, (41)
rlk1
TaKHM o6pa3oM, yMeHbieFiHe rHJjpoJjHHaMH4ecKoro COHpOTHBJ1eHH51
I1pHaHOJjH )I{ 3OHbI 3a c'eT 3aBHCHMOCTH KO3(p(JHUHeHTa q)HJIbTpa1 nu
OT HaFpH}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKTpH4eCKoro HOJIH ARE MO)KeT 6blTb HOAC4H-
TaHO no cJleJjylOHjelF CpopMyJIe:
r,
1 r1 _ rl r1kr11
Rz- I In ro , In (42)
o
2 2niko rok, o n k 9
r1 1
AOHOJIHHTeJIbHoe reoMeTpH4eCKoe COHPOTHBJIeHHe ARo, o6yCJIOBJIeH-
Hoe riepeXOJjoM OT H,HJIHHJjpH4eCKHX 3JIeKTpoJ(OB K HJIOCKHM [CM. Bbl-
Bblpa}KeHHe (15)], Hpu MOJjeJIHpOBaHHH rHJjpo4HF1aMH4ecKoro HOJIH
B paccMaTpHBaeMOM c iygae AOJl3KHO 6blTb yMeHbuJeHO Ha BeJII14HHy
ARO,E = AR,Ek ;1 b. (43)
ECJIH HafpHN{eHHOCTb 3JIeKTpH4ecKoro HOJIH Ha HOBepXHOCTII
3JIeKTpoga npeBblmaeT BeJ1H4HHy E2, TO conpOTHBJleHHe npH3JIeK-
82
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
TPOAHOH 30Hb1 CJleuyeT pa36HTb Ha ABe LiaCTH: nepBaH tIacTb
ro < r < r2, rue k,), = kg 2, a BTOpaii uacTb r2 < r < r I , rue k0 H3Me-
HHeTCH no JIHHeUHOMy 3aKOHy. B TaKOM c iyTlae rnJ1poJ1nHaMmeCKOe
COnpOTHBJIeHHe Me}KRy 3JIeKTPOJIOM H u1IHHjjpHqeCKOIi riOBepXHOCTb1o
paaHyca MO}KeT 6bITb nOJ1C4HTaHO B COOTBCTCTBHH C (41) no cJleuylo-
fuei=i q)opMylie:
r2
Ti kg Irl In r2
R~ - 1n - . (44)
3 2nik i r2 kq 2 k12r2 + zn1kg 2 ro
r
ri k~~ l
BO Bcex pact]eTax yuo6HO fOJ1b3OBaTbCfl IIOHIITHeM BKBHBaJIeHTHOrO
paunyca 9neKTpoAa, KOTOpblli no.nylaeTCH, ec in HPHpaBHRTb COnpO-
THBJIeHHe Rz2 HJIH Rz3 COnpOTHBJIeHHIO n,HJIHHJ[pHLieCKOH Tpy6KH
C HeKOTOpbIM (pIIKTHBHbIM 3KBHBaJ1eHTHb]M pauwyco raKe+ HO B cpeue
CO 3HatIeHHeM kP TaKHM }Ke, KaK 11 JJln Bcero rpyHTa, T. e. k. = ka 1 ?
= 1 ri
Rz3 2nik In r
J-1 9Ke
B TBKOM cjiyqae, npHpaBHHBaH COOTBeTCTBYIOIuHe 3HaWHHA RZ, no-
JIy4HM CJ1eay10HJyK) ((fopmyJIy aJIH 3KBIIBaJIeHTHOt0 paj[HyCa:
~ a s
k
raKe _ rl (2)()
r2
1 ri kqi
rue a =
r2k, 2 kq 22
rikg i
(45)
3Ha4e1iHH paunyCOB r1 H r,, MoryT 6blTb J1erKo nO,cg11TaHb1 n3 yCJIO-
BHH
Eoro=E1r1 =E.,r2= tz?'o
rJle Jo - TOK iia e,LwHiIUy J[JIHHbI 3JIeKTPOAa.
TaKITM 06pa3OM,
_ IoP __ lop
rI = 27E1 a r2 2nE2
(46)
Pa3yMee1'CA, LITO B cJlytlae, KorJia pactieT uae r r0 < r0, cjieuyeT
nPHHHMaTb r2=ro; TO }Ke CaMOe OTHOCHTCSI K r1.
C nOMO111b1O 3HaLIeHH!'( 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIX pauHYCOB peulenne 3auailH
M0)KeT 6bITb CBeueHO K y3Ke paCCMOTpeIIHb1M CJIygacM, B KOTOPbIX
B 4)opMyJle (17) BMeCTO ro CJleuyeT HOJ[CTaBHTb 3HaLleHHe raKe'
6* 8a
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B Ka4ecTBe npHMepa pacieTa Q H h c yveTOM 113MeHeHHfl KO3(( HUHeHTa
([)HJ1bTpaUHH k f, OT HanpH}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKTpH4eCKOro HIOJifl paCCMOTPHM cnyvait,
Korja 3aBHCHMOCTb k. (E) npeACTaBJ4eHa KpHBON pHC. 12. IIpn 3aAaHHOM 3Ha-
4eHHH E? Ha 3:IeKTpoAe paiHyca r,= 2,5 CM, COOTBeTCTBVK)IUeM yaeJlbH0 f
Harpy3Ke I,= 2,67 a/M (npn paCCTOtHHH Mexc)iy pHAaMH 3JICKTpOAOB D=0,6 M),
no (46) Hak4AeM r1 n r2 (paccTOnHna OT OCH 3JIeKTpOAOB), OTBegaloluHX Hanp l-
}KeHHOCTHM 9JIeKTpn'feCKOro nOJia COOTBeTCTBeHHO E1 = I e/ci H E2=3 6/CM:
r1 = 8,5 cm;
r2 = 2,84 cm.
9KBHBaJienTHbIN paAHyc BJieKTpoAa, cOOTBeTcTBYIOutHkl HOCTOflHHOMy 3HageHH,o
Ko3(()(IJHUHeHTa ?)HJIbTpauHH k,,1, onpeAeJIHTCt n3 (45):
a = 6,66;
(f = 0,367;
r3k8 = 4,0 cM.
/BeJIH4eHHe 9KBHBaJIeHTHOrO paAHyca 3JieKTpoaa cKa3KeTC54 TOJIbKO na yMeHb-
IHeHHH aOnOJIHHTeJlbHoro rnApoJHHaMH9ecKoro COnpOTHBJIeHH44. B (17) BMecTO
.rc nOACTaBHM ra K0. TorAa
ARo z(E) = 0,050.
3Ha,ienHB Ro? R03, (-h--) onpeueJixloTCH H3 pHc. 5, 7 ii 8.
PacxoA BOAbI B OAHOM KKaTOAe H noBepxHOCTb HyJleaoro AaBJ1 HH4 (p = 0)
B CepeAHHe KoTJIoBaHa onpeAeJitiioTC9 no (32) H (34):
Qx = 2,61 .n./ti,
h = Az = 0,542 M.
KaK BHAHO H3 npHBeOeHHOro npHMepa AJIH H3oTponHoro rpyHTa, 3aBHCH-
MOCTb K0941([InUHeHTa (lHJIbTpauHH OT Hanpn}KeHHOCTit 9JIeKTpH'ieCKOFO 1OJIH B
yKa3aHHbIX npeueJiax npaKTH4eCKH He OKa3bIBaeT BJIHBHHH Ha H3MeHeHHe KaK
PacxoAa BOAbI B HCJIO(pHJIbTpaX, TaK H 11OBepXHOCTH HyjIeBOrO AaBJIeHHa (p=0).
OAHaKo 6OJIbU10e BJIHHHHe MO)(eT OKa3aTb 3aBHCH.NOCTb k , OT E B cnyqae
BOAOIIOHH?KeHHa B allH30Tp0nnbIX rpyHTaX. O6bi4H0 CJIOHCTaa CTpyKTypa rpyHTa,
iMeloluerO 3Ha4HTeJIbHO 6OJIbIHHkl K09(11(IJHUHeHT (DHJIbTpauHn B ropH30HTaJIbHOM
Hanpaa.leHHH, npH 3a6HBKe HrJIOq)HJibTpOB HapylnaeTCH. B6JIH3H nOBepXHOCTH
HrJIo4 HJIbTpOB C03AaeTC51 CJIOFI HapynleHHOkt CTpVKTypbI (pHC. 13), K0a j HUHeUT
(1)HJlbTpaUHH KOTOpOrO MHOrO McHblUe, qeM OCTaJlbHoro rpyHTa B rOpH30HTaJ1b-
HOM HanpaBJIeHHH.
PacCMOTpHM ABa npHMepa paC4eTa Q H h B aHH3OTpOnnOf cpeOe: a) 6e3
97eKTpH,ieCKOro Bo3AeHCTBHH H 6) npH HaJIH4Hn 3JIeKTpO00MOCa.
a) LJIa rpyHTa CJIOHCTO3 HeOAHOpOAH0"r1 CTpyKTypbl (pnc. 13) K03(gHUHeuT
4)uJIbTpauaH no ocu z npHMeM paBHbIM k( = 10-6 cM/Cew, a no OCH x k~7x =
YcpeAHeHHbI4t K03(14HUHCHT (4HJIbTpaUHH [JI. 61 6yAeT:
kIf.cp = V ky zkrjx = 10kqcz = 10-5 cM/ceK.
Taii KaK npeieJibl H3MeHeHHfl K03(14HUHeHTa 3JIeKTp000M0ca k3 H yAeJIbllOk
9 JIeKTpOnpOBOAHOCTH 7 AJIH pa3JIH4HbIX rpyHTOB 6bIBalOT 311agHTeJIbuO McHbiUe
(B npeaeJlax OAHOCO nOpaAKa), 'ieM npeAeJlbl H3MeHeHH51 ki,, (HeCKOJIbKO riopflA-
KOB), TO HX 3Ha4etiHII npHMeM paBHbIMH no BceM OC51M KOOpAHHaT (k3 = kax =
= k3}, = kaz = 5.10-5 cM2/e .ceK; 7 = 7 = 1 = i = 1 0 4 11'OM ? CM).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Jim Mo1eJ1HpOBaHH51 n pae eTa HeO6XOAHMO JIHHeoHbie pa3Mepb1 no ocH x
c)KaTb nponOpuHOHaJlbHO' / knZ [JI. 6]. TorAa aim KOT.70BaHa pnc. I n pac-
t kgx
CTORHHB MCNC,1y pAAaMH pa3HOHMeHHbIX 9JIeKTpOJ10B D=2,0 M no.1yYHM:
L' = 4,2 M;
D' = 0,2 M.
To.InlHHa cyrJIHHHCTOrO CJ1054 ocTaxeTCH npe)KHeil, T. e. H = 9,4 M. 9JIeKTpoAbI
Bo3bMeM Toro ]Ke paAHyca, 'IT0 H B paccMOTpeHHblx paHee CJIy9a5IX, T. e. r0=
= 2,5 cM.
A
K
PHc. 12. YlipouieHHaH 3aBHCHMOCTb k
oT E Aim pacoeTa Q H h.
3310cem 1 I
E,-/8/c c E128/cuE;3,48/car
PHc. 13. CxeMaTHVecKoe H30-
6pax(eHHe c.lou HapymeHHoro
rpyHTa B6JIH3H HOBepxHOCTH
HrJIO(4HJlbTpa.
BoKpyr HrJIO(OHJIbTp0B H3-3a HapyuleHnH CTpyKTypbI rpyHTa npH Hx Ho-
caJnKe o6pa3yeTCH H,HJIHHApH'IeCKHM CJIOH MCJIK03epHHCT000 rpyHTa (pHC. 13),
Ko9clMiM1 (HeHT (()HJIbTpaRHH KOTOporo k ,n paBen K03(1(!)H11HeHTy (!HJIbTpaIIHH
rpyHTa no ocn z:
k?,.,1 = krf.x = 10-6 cM/ceK.
TOJInUHHY 9TOro CJ105i B03bMeM paBHoH paAHycy 9JIeKTpo1 a, T. e. 2,5 cm.
,II,JIH yveTa 3TOro CJIOH C McHbInuM k , COOTBCTCTBeHHO yMeHbmaeTCH 9KBH-
BaJIeHTHbIH pa.aHyc HrJ1o(JHJIbTpa rage, KOTOpblu onpeJenaeTCH no (45):
rage = 5.10-30 cm.
x
,L[JIH k2 = 0,29 n no rpa(jHKaM pnc. 7 H 8 HaSAeM 3Ha'ieHH5i R0z H (-):
1; 4(H)=(D(18~8)=0,76.
IJO1OJIHHTeJIbHOe reoMeTpH9eCKoe 6e3p/a3Mepnoe ConpOTHBJIeHne BOAOCTOKy on-
peAennrl no (17):
ARpz = 2,23.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
11px OTCYTCTBIIH ROHOnHHTenbHoro rHApOAHHaMH4eCKOrO COIIpOTHBJIeHHB BoKpyr
Hrno4rHnbTpa ORoz = 0,065.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, pacxoA BOAbI 4epe3 HrJIoI~HJIbTp H IIOHHNKeHHe noBepx-
HOCTH HyJIeBOro Aa3neuaB (P=O) B cepe3HHe KOTJIOBaHa 6e3 npHMeHeHHH
3neKTpoocMoca coCTaBJBeT:
kqcp H,,b = 0,82 n/4;
R0, + ARoz
2Hkt(2H )
A R0z
6) Ec.IIH HpHHHTb, 'ITO HpH HaJIHYHH 3neKTpO00MOCa KOM:]XyHLHeHT (1I1.'Ib-
TpaUHH k 122 HpHKaTOAHOro CJIOH yBenHVHBaeTCH B 30 pa3, TO
r9 8=r0=2,5 CM, Roz=0,475.
I1pHHHMaH k9=5.10-,5 CM2/8?ceK, 11=60 8; i=5.10-4 I/ch?ceK, HacueM no
(popMynaM (32) H (34):
QK(H, E) -5,12 A/K;
h (H, E)-Az=7,475 M.
ha3HOCTb pacxoAa OT COBMeCTHOFO B03AeRCTBHII rpaLHeHTOB h H 'p [Q (H, E)]
H pacxoAOM TOJIbKO OT rpaaHeHTa h [Q, H, 0)] COCTaBJBCT BeJH'HHy
AQ-- Q(H, E)-Q(H, 0)-=5,12-0,82=:4,3
H3 pacCMOTPUHHOrO npHMepa BI'I,J.HO, 4TO B aHH3OTponllb1X rpyll-
Tax np!HHH'Ta I B pac(IeTe 3aBHCHM(YCTb xo34x1)H'uHeHTa 1)HJIbTpauuil
oT Hanpul}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKT'pH(IeaKOrO nOJIH MO)KeT HpHBeCTH K Cywe-
CTBeHHOMy yBeJIHT1eHHI0 paicxoj a BOJJbI 4epe3 13FJ10(pHJIbTp H j0H0JI-
HHTeJIbHOMy nOHH}KeHHIO YPOBHH rIOBepXHOCTH ;HyJIeBOPO JiaBJIeHHA
B ueHTpe KOTJIOBaHa. B 3TOM cjly4ae n'pa HaJIO}KeHd311 3JIeKTpH''1eCKOro
IIOJIH yBeJIH'-I,eHI-Ie pacxoja H n0HH}KeHHe yp0BHf1 nOBepXHOCTH HyJIe-
BOPO aaBJIeHHH npOHCXOAHT B OOHO'BHOM 3a C'MeT yBeJIHqeHHH (11I.'Ib-
TpauHH B HpHKaTO,WHO;M CJIOe.
1. CO1-17CTaBJIeHHe pac4eTa no npeAJIara'eMoi McTOAHKe c AaH-
HbIMH MO,JeJInp0BaHH54 n0Ka3bIBaeT xopoiuee coBnajeHHe pe3yJlb-
TaTOB.
2. Pa3pa6oTaHHbII3 M,eTOA IiaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb paCC4HTaTb 3JIeK-
TpOocMoTIT(1eCKOe BOJIOno}HiKe4IHe, He npH6erasl K MOAeJIHPOBaHHJ0.
1. K. M. rJOJIHBaHOB, A. B. HeTyHIHJI,
J1. B. K y 3 b m e H K 0, HpHMeHeHHe 3JIeKTp000M0TH4eCKoro
TeXHH4eCKHX coopy}KeHHBX, , 1951, Ne 8.
H. M. BypaaK,
B03,aefCTBHH B rHApo-
2. A. B. H e T y m H JI, K. M. 11 o Jill H a H 0 B, K pac4eTy HpoCecCOB (])HJIbTpa-
I1IIH HpH HaJIH4HH 3neKTp00CMOTH4eCKoro B03AeAICTBHll, }KT(D, T. XXII, 1952,
BbIH. 1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3. H. M. B y p A a K, PacqeT BOAonoHn7Keu1 1 npH 3JIeKTP000MOTHYeCKOM
B03AeHcTBHH, TpyAbl M314, Bbin. XIV, Foca 0 bH3 a , it, 1953.
OCHOBbI
4. M. 14. repCeBaii0B H a. MexaHHKH rpyHTOB it ux npaKTl'ecxoe E. 11 npHMeHeHHe, roc3HeprOH3aaT, MOCKBa,
1948.
5. Fl. H. A p r y H 0 B, PacqeT MHOropBAHbIX JIHHeiiHbIX nrno4JHJlbTPOBb X
ycTaHoBOX. CT'poHTeJ1bHoe BOA'OnOHHweHHe, mipoMexaxHKa H (4H3HKa rpywrOBTU
BOA? C6OPHHK N?_ 20 HI'114 OCHOBaHHH H (IyHAaMeHTOB. r?C. H3A. J1H1epaTYPbi
II0 CTpOHTenbCTBy H apxHTeKType, 1952.
6. A. 3oTp?nHbl B cpeAax, yTpyabl MDI4, Bbin. XIV, Foc3HeproH AaT,,H1953. B anu
7. F). A, P)K a H H q bI H, 3JIeKTpoocymeHHe rJIHHHCTbIX rPYHTOB. 1ICKyc-
CTBeHHOe 3aKpenJleHHe rpyHTOB. C60pHHK N4 23 H1414 OCHOBaHHO H 4)yHAaMeHTOB.
rOC. JI D. (D e bl po B, OnhITb n TxeCKOrOK npHMeHeHHH cnoco6a 3JIeK-
7a E. ~ e A ? P 0 Pa HTOB
TpoocylneHHA r.IHHHCTbIX rpyHTOB. NHK CCTBe HOer?c a (pe JIeHTepaTypbl B
C60pHHK N?_ 23 H1414 oCHOBaHHa H 4y A
CTpOIITeJIbCTBY H apXHTeKTYpe11954.
8. A. M. B a it a 6 y x a, MaTeMaTHeCKHH paCeT HeKOTOpbix nojief
9JIeKTPOCTaTHKH, c.TeopeTHVeCKaa H 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHaa 9JIeKTpoTeXHHKa>>.
1932, NJ 1-2.
9. K. K. T a 6 a K C, PacueT 3JIeKTpnueCKHx no ie3i AJi i HeKOTOpbIX 3ala9
Bb I00KovaCTOTHOro HarpeBa. TpyAbl M31I, Bbin. XIV, roc3HeproH3AaT, 1953.
10. A. A. M y x H H, OnpeAeJieHHe MaxcHMaJIbno AOny0THMb1 P}Harpy3oK H
9JIeKTpOAbI npH 9JIeKTpO00MOTHecKOM BOAonOHH)KeHHH, T Abi
Bbin. XVIII, roc3HeprOH3AaT, 1956.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
YPABHEHHR IIEPEXORHbIX IIPOUECCOB
B CTATN'{ECKHX 3JIEMEHTAX CETN, OTHECEHHbIE
K BPALUAIOIi[EI=ICSI CNCTEME KOOP HHAT
Kand. mexn. Hayk, doi.enm C. B. Cmpaxoe
1. BseAeHHe
~tJIH TOPO gI'06bI HMeTb BO3MO)KHOCTb IIccJIe, oBaTb nepexolIHb1e
9JIeKTpoMexaHHgecKHe npOueCCbl B 3JfeKTpHgecKHX uemix, co. epxca-
IuTix pa3JIN14HbI-e 3JIeMeHTbI (reHepaTOpbI, J BHraTeJIH, JIIIHHH, Ha-
rpy3KH, eMKOCTIj H T. )j.), Hy}KHO 3HBTb ypaB_HeHHH 3THX ripOueCCOB
He TOJIbKO B CH'HXPOIIHbTX H aCHHXpOHHbIx Ma1lHHax, HO TaKxce H
B CTaTHHecKHX 3J1eMeHTax CeTH (JIHHIIH, I1arpy3KH, eMKOCTH), OTHO-
CSI HX K cHCTeMe KOOpJ.jHHaT, BpaLuaIOIuefcH, BOO6Lue rOBOPH, C HpO-
H3BOJTbHOFf yrJIOBOfi CKOpOCTbIO "k.
;IJIH CHHXpOHHb1X (HpH Ha)TJie>KalueI Bb16cpe 1. 2]) H
.J151 aCHHXpOHHbIX (npHl J1I060M Bb16ope 0)k [n. 3]~ MdIHHH, 3T0
HpeO6pa30BaHHe Heo6xoJ[HMo JjJIa HCKJHOtIeHIiH nepHOJ[HgeCKHX
KO34HgHeJITOB H3 FIX HCXOJjHbIX ypaBHefIIIt, T. e. ypaBIIeimF, 3anH-
caHHbIX B ()a3Hb[X KOOp)jHHaTax.
,L[JI51 crBrogecxHX 3JIeMeHTO'B CeTIP 9TO Hpeo6pa3oBaHHe Heo6XO-
JjHMO HO'rOMy, lTO ypaBBeHim JjJIq BCeI3 CHCTeMbI B ue.]TOM npH Ha rj-
JIexcaLL eM Bbi6ope o)k 6YJjyT upon e, ec.nli ypaBHeBH9 Bcex ee 3JIe-
meHTOB OTHOCHTb K BpaujaloHjHMCH oCIIM [1I. 4]. 1'1 Hao6opoT, ypaB-
HeHHH BCej CHCTeMbI B ueJIoM 6yJjyT cac)xKHee, ecJIH ypaBHeHm5i cTa-
THgeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB oCTaBJI51Tb 3an1CaHHbIMH B (lJa3HbIX KOOpJjH-
Ha'rax If B TOIIKaX HX npHMbIKaHHR K OCTaJIb'.-IOf uenH 3an JCbrBaTb
ypaBHeHH2 CB,93H M~?K,Ijy BpaH aioLLjHMHCH H (Ja3HbIMH KOOpJjHHa-
Ta Ml l jJI. 4].
UpIJ BbIBOJe ypaBHeimil nepexoJHbIX npoueCCOB B CTaTHLIecKHx
3.IleMeHTax uenN MbI 6yJjeM HOJIB30BaTbC5T o6o6meHHbIMH npeo6pa-
30BaIHiII5IMII IlapKa HJ[H, iiHa-ie POBOp 1, CHCTCIMOFI KOOpJ.jHfHfaT (Ik,
q k, 0.
2. JIHHHA nepeAagH
B ueJmx HOJ1yLIeHI151 HaH6ojiee O6LLHX pe3yJibTaTOB, )iaJjHM BbIBO,1
ypaBHeHHFf nepeXO,2HbIX npoueCCOB JJISI JIHHHH nepeaagH, He npHMbJ-
KafOLueFi CBOHMH KOHuaMH K nIHHBM reuepaTOpa, is OCSIM, iKeCTKO
88
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CB93aHHbIM C POTOPOM KOTOporo, MbI 6yAeM OTHOCHTh ee ypaBHeHHi.
HHa9e rOBOpH, 3T0 o3Ha-aeT, 9T0 ypaBHeHuR JIHHHH Mb! 6yAeM OTHO-
CHTb K CHCTenie KOOpj[HHaT, BpaulaloLueucH C npOH3BOJIbHOII yrJIOBOII
CKOPOCTb1O Wk.
3anuuieM HCXOAHb1e ypaBHeHHR 3aKOHa OMa H nOTOKOCuenJleHHli
B O)a3HbIX KOOpAHHaTaX j[JIH JIHHHH ,71 (pHC. 1):
1u27 1 77 i'n1
= Iu1] - r., [i,i d ['
] -- dt ' ffj-= [L,il [in)'
(1)
3Ha9eHHR MaTPHL[ [u1], [LA], [LA] n j>p. jaHbI B npujlO}KeHHn 1 (H-1).
Ka?K,aaH ())a3a JIHHHH u eeT COHpOTHBJIeHHe r,1 n HHjjyKTHBHOCTb L 1.
B3auMHaH HH4yKTIBHOCTb Me)c,L y 4)a3aMH JIHHHH paBHa Mi. O603Ha-
9eHHH BCeX TOKOB n Hanpf}KeHHFi aaHbl Ha cxeie p ic. 1.
Cca,tc LC'c
Urd U1q ' U/o
U/0' Li/b, U/c
L9d'U34
end ?_q tno ?o jb
'yd ''wa
lwq, Lwb
two' Lwc
led ' ICa
LCq ' ICb
cc,. icc
U2d'U2a
?2q ? UZb
'V20, UZc
,1J151 OTHeceHHR ypaBHenuM JIHHHH K KOOPaHHaTHb1M OCRM, Bpa-
uI,a10II.1,HMCR C npOH3BOJIbHOH yrJIOBOI! CKOpOCTb1O Wk, BBOJ HM MaTpuuy
npeo6pa3oBaHHi1, npeaCTaBJ1R1onI,y1O co6oi o6o6HieHHoe npeo6pa3o-
BaHue flapKa:
Cos (1k
_ 2 - sin 11k
[Ak] _ 3 1
cos (9k - 120?) cos (0k + 120?)
sin (1)k - 120?) - sin (1 k -I- 120?) . (2)
1 1
2 2
3j),ecb (ik - yrOJI Me)Kjiy MaFHHTHOII OCbIO 4)a3b1 a CTaTopa KaKoro-
JIn60 CHHXpOHHOro renepaTopa n OCbiO dk, Bpamaion eHCR c npOH3-
BOJIbHOII yrJIOB0H CKOPOCTbFO CHCTeMbI KOOpj1,HHaT dk, qk, 0 (puc. 2).
Bce BeJIH9HHbI nOCJIe npeo6pa3oBaHHH 6yAeM o603Ha11aTb llITpH-
XOM. HanpoKeHHe B T09KC I [u:l OTHeCeM K OCRM, }I{eCTKO CB23aH-
89
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IIbIM C POTOPOM CT1 H BpaU.taiomfimCB c yrJiosoi CKOpOCTblo.1w1.
Hanp5I3KeHHe B TOqKe 2 [u'] OTHeCeM K OCBM, }KeCTKO CBH3aHHbIM
c poTOpoM CF2 H BpaiualofWHMCH C yFJIOBOH CKOPOCTbIO cue.
Ha OCHOBaHHH cKa3aulioro MO)KeM 3anHcaTb:
Lu'] _ [ 41] [u1]; [uZ]-[A2] [u2] H T. A.
(3)
MaTpHubl [AI] H [A2] no,ny,iaIoTCB 113 (2) npu k= 1, 2. Yr.nbi d,
II ()2 AaHbI Ha pHC. 2.
C
PHC. 2. B3aHMH0e pacno io)KeHHe KOOp1IHHaTHbIX oceh H MarHHTHbIX oceii
O6MOTOK CHHXPOHHbIX MaIHHH.
MaTpHubl [u H [U2] H B pa3BepHyTOM BHAe paBeHCTBO (3), Ha-
npHMep, AJISI [u2], AaHbl B npHJloxceHHH 1 (fl-2) H (11-3).
TaK KaK ypaBHeHHSI JIHHHH JI MbI OTHOCHM K OCSIM, BpaulaloIAHMCI1
C IPOH3BOJIbHOFi yrJIOBOIii CKOpOCTbIO wk, TO 6yAeM HMeTb:
[i.z]-[Akl [i.i, [I']=[Ak] [WW4J. (4)
i\ aTpHubl [iA] H [II ] H B pa3BePHYTOM BHAe paBeHCTBO (4), HanpH-
Mep aim [is], AaHbl B npHJIO}KeHHH 1 (fI-4) H (fI-5).
flpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHH (1). TJJIR 3TOrO yMHO}KHM cilesa o6e
gaCTH (1) AJISI HanpHI KeHHI3 Ha [Ak]. C yLIeTOM (4) no,ny~inr:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
[Ak] [u2] - [Ak] [u,] - r:i [Ak] [l.a] - [Ak] d [41,1
dt
d [IVA l + d [Akl [`FA]? (5)
[Ak] full dt T dt
$BOAHM o6paTHble MaTpHubI [J1. 5, 6] npeo6pa3OBaHHFi [A1 I], [Az'],
[Ak'
[u2] = [A2'] [u21, [u, ] _ [AI 'l [u'], [ `FA1= [Ak 1 ] [ A], (6)
npHiieM, HanpHMep, [ 'A] noJIyqaeTCH yMHo}KeHHeM c.nesa paBeHcTBa
(4) aim i ['FA] Ha [Ak']:
[Ak'] ['FA] = [Ak'] [Ak1 [`~rA] _ [1wA] (7)
MaTpnua [Ak'] H ee pa3BepHyToe Bbipa}KeHHe AaHbl B npHJlo ceHHH 1
(11-6) H (1-I-7).
C ytIeTOM (6) n (7) nepenIWeM (5):
[Ak] [A2 11 [u2] = [Ak] [AI '] full - [r4] [ZA]
+ d [dt l [Ak'] [q4].
AHCJcpepeHuHpOBaHHe
d [Akl
dt
d [TA 1
(8)
[Ak] [A.,'], [Ak] [AI'] H d [dtk] [Ak'] ['Al, nOJiy7IHM:
I cos (9k - 62)
- sin (ek e2)
L 0
COS (Ok - e1)
= -sin(9k-9,)
0
sin (9k - 02) 0
COS (Ok - 02) 0 [u']=
0 1
sin (Ok - e1) 0
COS (Ok - 01) 0 [lll]-
0 1
1 0 1 01
-rA[iA]-ddtA]~ -1 0 0 [,V 'I.
A
(9)
L 0 0 0A
Vlpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHH noTOxocuenJleHHI. Ljjrn 3TOT0 yMHO)KHM
ciieBa o6e 4aCTH (1) j[JIH noTOxocuenJIeHHH Ha [Ak]:
[ A] [Akl [`F4] = [Ak] [U A] [iA] = [Ak] [LA] [Ak I] [Z,11 _ [LA] [ii]. (10)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
[Ln J HpegCTaBJIHeT co60H Hpeo6pa3oBallHyio MaTpHuy HHJjyKTHBHO-
CTei7 ?IHHHH. OHa paBHa:
L 0 0
[Ln] - [A k] [L.,] [Ak'] = 0 L.21 0 (11)
0 0 Ln0
rje L,I =L, - M? - HHJ.LYKTHBHOCTb
JIHHHH;
L.,0 = L., + 2M - HHJjyKTHBHOCTb
JIHHHH.
HpHMOI1 HocJle,goBaTeJIbHOCTH
HyJIeBOH nocJle,goBaTeJlbHOCTH
010
1 0 0
000
[1OJjCTaBJI00 (11) B (9) H HepeMHo}Kai MaTPHUbI
iI [LA'], B
0 0 1.1
F Cos (9k - (JI) sin (Ok - 91) 0
- Sin (0k - O1) Cos (0k - 01) 0
HOCJIeAHeM uJleHe HpaBON 'iaCTII HOJIy9HM:
I Cos (0k - 02) sin (0k - 02) 0
- Sin (0k - 02) COS (0k - 02) 0 [u~2 -
0 0 1
0 Ln1 0
0 0 dek (12)
B pa3BepHyTOM BHge ypaBHeHHSI JIHHHH JI 6yJLyT TaKOBbI [11. 4]:
u2d COS (0k - 02) - u2q sin (0k O2) = 111d Cos (() k - 01)
} ulq sin (0k - 01) - mind - L11 di--d-td + LAl q dt k (13)
- u,,d sin (Ok - (J2) H_ U2q COS (0k - O2) = - Uld Sin (Ok - 001)
ulgCos(0k-O1)-r iAq-L,1dtq-Llt,addk'
U20 u r i - L d`,0
= i o - A A0 n0 dt
(14)
(15)
CJieuyeT OTMeTHTb, 'ITO eCJIH paccMaTplBaTb HpOTeKaHHe TOKOB
HyJIeBOH noCJIeaOBaTeJlbHOCTH gepe3 3eMJIIO, TO BeJIHTIHHbl r, B (13),
(14) H (15) 6y,gyT pa3JIHLIHbi.
~dI ,' I+
L~ dt - Lnl
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PaccMaTpHBai TOJIbKO CHMMeTpH'Hble KOMMyTagHH, OHYCTHM
BeJIH4HHbI HyJIeBOH nocJIe1[OBaTeJIbHOCTH. Toria (13) H (14) yao6HO
o6'beJ[HHHTb, HpeACTaBHB HX OAHHM ypaBHeHHeM B KOMHJIeKCHOIi
(~opNe. flo.narai
U2 = u2d + I u2q ,
ul =U Id + Iulq
l.a-lnt+il,iq.
It CKJIa,gbIBaH (13) C yMHO?KeHHbIM Ha J (14), HOJIy4HM:
-1(Bk-e2) (Bk-A,) dOkl dl?
u,,e =u1e -in (rn+lLnldt dt
(16)
(17)
CIHTaH yr.IOBble CKOPOCTH POTOPOB o6ellx CHHXPOHHbIX MamHH
(pHC. 1) H KOOPJjHHaTHbIX ocei3 OJjHHaKOBbIMH H HOCTOSIHHbIMH:
wk-f01-w2_w0
dOk
dt _wk-w0,
(18)
Z,1- r,, +1woLn1, (19)
t t
k - 02 = S wk dt + 1 k0 (S w2dt + 020) = 0k0 - 620 = 0k20 (20)
0k -0 1 dk101
(21)
IIOJIy4H,NI KOMHJIeKCHOe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH Hepe,1[a4H, OTHeceHHoe
K KOOPgHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaw,aloII uMCR C HOCTOHHHOIi CKOPOCTbIO w0:
tl, e-I6k20 = 11 e-1Sk10 - l Z - L dl,
1 n nl ,,l dt
IlepexoAR K H3o6pax{eHHRM HpH
U2 U2; IiI=U1, In-j
(22)
(23)
C y4eTOM HeHyJIeBbIX HatlaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHI3 (ln (0) 0) HOJIygaeM KOM-
HJIeKCHoe oHepaTOplioe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH Hepega4H, orxeceHHoe
K KOOP4HHaTHbIM OCSIM, BpamaIomHMCH C HOCTOBHHOIi CKOPOCTb1O w0:
U,e-I?k20=Ule ,"kl0-/n [r4+Ln1(p+1wo)]+L:211.2(0). (24)
IIpH HyJICBbIX Ha4aJIbHbIX yCJIOBHSIX H HpH OTHeCeHHH (pa3HbIX HaHpSI-
?KeHHcI Ha KOHIjaX JIHHHH K O,L HHM H TeM )Ke BpaI1Ja10HjHMC5I KOOpJjH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HaTHbIM OCAM (TaK qTO Ok = (j2 H () k = ()1 H II03TOMy 0k20 - 0 H 0k10 0)
nOJIy4HM KOMHJIeKCHOe onepaTOpHOe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH B HaH6oJlee
npOCTOM BHAe:
U2-U1=1.T[r.,+(P+j100)L,1].
(25)
TaKHM o6pa3ONI, KaK LIaCTHb]N CJIyTIac 143 plAa 06LIJMX BblpaxKeHHI1,
BblBeAeHHbIX HaMH Bbllne, Mb! HOJIy4HJIH cpopmyJiy (25), y>Ke H3Be-
CTHyIO B JIHTepaType H npHB0aeHHyKO 6e3 Bb1BoAa, HanpHMep, B OAHOI1
H3 CTaTeu E. I. Ka30BCKoro [JI. 7].
B HpHJIO}KeHHH 2 nOKa3aHo, TITO BbIBeAeHHbie Bb1HIe ypaBHeHHA
(13) H (14) ABJIAIOTCA 6o.nee o61uei cJOpMOH 3anHC1] paBeHCTB (21)-
(25), no.nygeHHbIx HaMH B [JI. 8], HJIH, 'TO TO xce, paBeHCTB (8)-(11)
B [JI. 9].
FIOCKOJIbKy CTaTH'ieCKaH Harpy3Ka HBJIAeTCA TaKHM }Ke CHMMe-
TpHTdHb1M 3JICMeHTOM 4eHH, KaK paCCMOTpeHHaH BbIHIe JIHHHSI nepe-
Aa9H, H o611aaaeT B Ka)KAOI3 03e COnpOTHBJIeHneM H HHAyKTHBHO-
CTbIO H B3aIMOHHJZyKTHBHOCTbIO McHCAY (pa3aMH, ee ypaBHeHHA, OTHe-
CCHHble K KOOpAHHaTHbIM OCAM dk, t/k, 0, Bpa uatownMCA C npOH3-
BOJIbHOH yrJlosoH CKOpOCTbK) 10k, MO}KHO fOJly9HTb cpa3y H3 paBeHCTB
(13)-(15).
B CaMOM aeJle, 113 CXeMbI PHC. 1 BHAIIO, 4TO KaK Harpy3Ka H,
-TaK H JIHHHH J1 HpHcoeAHHeHb! K OAHOMY H TOMy )Ke y3JIy 1. Ho
ApyroH KOHeu JIHHHH JI IIpHCOeAHHeH K TOT-IKe 2 C Hanpf}KeHHAMH uod,
u2q, u20i a Apyrol-I Kolieu 1larpy3KH H - K To'IKe c nOTenuHaJIOM,
paBHb1M HyJIIO. I-IO9TOMy, eCJIH B ypaBHeHHAX (13)- (15) B 000rBeT-
CTBHH C Bb16paHHbIMH noJ10}KHTeJIbHbIMH HanpaBJleHnAMH TOKa B JIH-
HHH .H H B Harpy3Ke H HOJIO)KHTb u2d - u2q = u20 = O H 3aMeHHTb
tnd t.aq' in0, rn, L.,1, Lao COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha tHd, tHq, ix0, rH, LH1,
LH0, TO Mbl nOJIy9HM ypaBHeHHA CTaTH'-IeCKOH Harpy3KII, OTHeceliHble
K CHCTe A, KOOpu 1HaT dk, C]k, 0:
did dOk
0=U1,cos(()k-O1)+u,q sin (0k-O1)-rhi d-LH1 dt +LH11Hq dt
(26)
O=- oldsn(0k81)+111q COS(ek-O,)--rxi.q --
diHq dek
-LHl LHlixddt
dtKo
0=u10-r,t,)-LHo dt
(27)
(28)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IlepexoJH K KoMHJIexcIlOH q)opMe, 6yAeM HMeTb:
. u e-1 (Ok-Bi)- - r L "k L dax
x ,, + 1 ,~1 dl + ,~1 dt (29)
lx-lxd+Jlxq-
(30)
IIpH HOCTOHHHbIX CKOPOCTHX [CM. paBeHCTBa (18) H (21)]
_10k10 di
tile =i Z L "
x x ~ "1 dl
(31)
Z. = rx + /WOL?1. (32)
ix = Ix, (33)
nOJIytIHM C yt1eTOM HeHyJIeBbIX HatlaJlbHbIX yCJIOBH}I KOMfJIeKCHOe
onepaTOpxoe ypaBHeHHe CTaTH4eCKOH Harpy3KIi, OTHeCeHHOe K KOOp-
AHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaluatonw cs C HOCTOHHHOIi yrJIOBOH CKOpOCTbK) U>o.
U1e 1?k1o=Ix [rx +Lxl (p + jo)o] +Lx1i x (0).
(34)
13pH HyJIeBbIX HatlaJlbHbIX yCJ1OBHHX H IIpH OTHeceHHH cpa3HbIX HanpH}Ke-
HHH B y3JIe I K KOOPJHHaTHbIM OCHM dk, C/ k, 0 (TaK 4ITO 0k-el H 6klQ_0)
HOJIy4IHM KOMHJIeKCHOe onepaTOpHoe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH B Hat16oJIee
HpOCTOM BHJe:
UI = Ix [r,, +Lx1(p + Iwo)].
(35)
B npuJ10)KeHHH 3 noKa3aHO, tITO BblBeaeHHble Bbline ypaBHeHHH (26)
H (27) HBJIBFOTCH 6oJlee o6lueI c3OpMOH 3afHCH paB HCTB (145)-
(148), HOJIyt1eHHbIX HaMH B [JI. 8], HJIH, tITO TO ?Ke, paBeHCTB (13)-
(16) B [JI. 9].
4. Ilpop,0JlbHa9 eMKOCTb
B IjeJIHX II0JIy4elIHB HaH6oJlee o61mix p03yJIbTaT0B AaJHM BbiBOJ
ypaBHeHHH nepeXOJHbiX HpoueCCOB B HpOJOJIbHOH eMKOCTH C', OT-
HOCH HX K cne'reMe KOOPJHHaT d,,, q"?, 0, Bpaiuaion eic c Hp0113-
BOJIbHOH yI-3oB01i CKOpOCTbIO u)k.
3annmeN IICXOJHble ypaBHeHHH 3aKOHa OMa J[JIH MFHOBCHHbIX 3Ha-
4eHHH (Ja3HbIX TOKOB H l1aHpB}KeHHH:
[111] - [u3] e, f [ie,] dt. (36)
3HaUeHHe MaTpHII,bI [u,] JaHO B (11-1), a MaTpHu, [113] H [1C,] - B npu
JIO)KeHHH 4(H-19).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
,LJISI OTHeceHH51 ypaBHeHHu npOAOJ1bHOH eMKOCTH K OC IM dk, qk, 0
BBOAHM, KBK H Bblme, MaTpHuy npeo6pa3OBaHHf1 [Ak] (2). HanpH>Ke-
!Ine B TO4IKe 3 [u3 ] OTHeceM K KOOpJLHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaa1afow.HMCA
C yrJIOBOII CKOPOCTblO W3 (pHc. 2). aJIH 3TOr0 MO}KHO HPCJ&CTaBHTb
ce6e, TITO, HanpHMep, K y3JIy 3 npuCOefl.HHeH CHHXpOHHb111 reHepa-
TOP Cr3, C POTOPOM KOTOpOrO }KeCTKO CB5I3aIIbI KOOpAHHaTHble OCH
d3, q3, 0:
[u3 ] _ [A3] [u3]?
(37)
Marpnua [A3] noJlyqaeTCx 113 (2) npH k=3. MaTpHua [u, ] Gana
B (H-2), a MaTpHua [u3 ] - B npnJloxceHHH 4 (11-20). Z[Jbsl TOKOB eM-
KOCTH C'HMeeM:
[ic,] = [Ak] [lC1]-
MaTpHua [i,,] aaHa B npHJloxceHHH 4 (H-21) H (H-22).
(38)
,JiSI npeo6pa3OBaHHH ypaBHCHH1 (36) yMHO)KHM cJlesa o6e ero
9aCTH Ha [Ak]. C yqeTOM (38) n0JIyqHM:
[Ak] [ul I-- [Ak] [u3l= C, [Ak] J [ic,l dt= J [Ak] [ic,l dt+
+ S d [Ak] ([ul] - [u3])? (39)
YgIHrbIBaH, -ITO [Ak] 3aBHCHT TOJIbKO OT
nepeMeHHbIM Hyx
lcm2 H ld 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbI, Haxoamm A H C.
14 HaKOHeu, H3 (35) onpeueJlxeM rJlaBHbie 3HatieHHH TeH30pa npo-
BOAHMOCTH, KOTOpb1M AOJI}KeH o6J1agaTb aHH30Tp0rIHbIH MaTepHa l
BaHHbI.
3,gecb, KaK H B cjiyqae BaHHbI, npeAHa3HatIeHHOH AJIH MOAeJ1Il-
pOBaHHH HJIOCKOnapaJIJleJlbnbIX nOJiei"i, cJIeayeT H36eraTb gpe3Mepxbix
yJjaJIeHHH rpaHHu 9KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbi, TaK KaK 3HatmTeJIbHOe
yuaJleHHe rpaHHu 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbI COOTBeTCTByeT CHJIbHOMY
c}KaTHIO KapTHHbI nOJISi B aHH30TpOnHOH CTeHKe.
HpHMep pac eTa aHH3OTPOBHbMX CTeHOK 3JICKTpoJIHTHneCKoH BaHHI,I
AAA MOAeJIHPOBHHHA nJIocKOnapaJTJleAbHbMX nOJiei
1. 3aAaeMCH BHyTpeHHHMH pa3MepaMH BaHHbI.
2. OnpeaeJIHeM TOJILUHHbl CTeHOK:
At 6BK1, AI=A2=J.
LN2 a.K
BbI611paeM A= 1 cu-
3. 3aAaeM yameHHH cTexoK 3KBHBaaeHTHOII BaHHbr
11 = 12 = 100 CU-4. BbIYHCJiaeM BcnoMoraTeJlbHble Koacl4HUHeuTbi A H C:
11 100
A = 25 4,
BH
C = 100 = 100.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
5, CnpeaeJnReM rJ1aBHble 3Ha'IeHHH TeH3opa npOBOAHMOCTH, KOTOpb1M A0J1-
)KeH o6J1aaaTb aHH30TpOHHb1H MaTepHaJl CTeHOK:
= 7 In (1 -I-..4) = 40,27,
7XX = 7k = 7 C A- In (1 -I- A) 100
a B HanpaBJIeHHH, nepneHAHKyJIApHOM cJIOHM, paBHa
(d' 4-
1 = 7? +
1 1 = 0,02497.
7zz = k - 40,2
ITpHMeM npOBOAHMOCTb 3JIeKTpOJ1HTa 1= 5,10-4 OM-1?cM-1; TorAa
7XX - 40,2.5.10-4=2,02.10-2 oM-1.cAt -1,
7zz = 0,0249.5-10 - 4 = 1,24-10 -~ oM-1 ?cM-1.
/7PHJ!O2KEHHf
B J]?ByXKOMnoHeHTHOM MaTepHaJle CJIOHCTOH CTpYKTypbl, npOBOAHMOCTb
CJIoeB KOTOpOrO 7' H 7" H TOJIMHHbl d' H d", npOBOAHMOCTb B HanpaBJIeHHH,
napaJlJleJIbHOM CJIOHM, paBHa
7'd'+ 7"d"
(f7-I)
7p= d,+d"
I'd' + 1"d"
71 71 = 7'7" 77d? +
B CJ1y9ae paBeHCTBa d' = d" Bb1pa)KeRHH (fl-1) - (Il-4) ynpon a]OTCB:
+
7p = 2
(11-7)
(11-8)
Te ate BblpaxteHHH (I1-1) npH COH3MepHMOCTH TOJI1UHHb1 CJ1oea H npe 7' >>
7 u (7'd' + 7"d") (7'd" + 7"d')
71 - (d, + d") 7,7?
21,7
7L 1,+
71 (T' + 7")2
71 = 47,7?
7 ~ 7 = 7'7"?
d' 7'
=7'd?
-+d + d,
? d'+d? d'
71=7 d? =Y"(1+dl }
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
7 7' I r,r
71, d 11 I { 2+ct_+
d'
Y u 7 = 7Y' der .
Pa3Mepbi ,3epHa" cTpyKTypbl onpe4e.i MOTCH 113 CpaBHeHHA HPOBOJWMOCTH
C 4eTHbIM YHC70M 2n CJIOea C nPOBOAH.MOCTbio 71K C He1eTHbtM 4HC7o1(
2n + I C7oeB. OYeBHIjHO, 'ITO B03M0>KHbI JjBa BapHaHTa: H36biTO'IHb15 C .710A
MOJKeT HMeTb HPOBOAHMOCTI, a1i6o 7', 7,,60 7". B o60Mx C7yvaax ,q7a onpeAe-
JIeHI1H 'Hcjia cJioeB 2n, npu KoropoM onpeJjeneHHe ( OTJIH9aerc5l OT 71 He
6oaee 4eM Ha 1%, Heo6xo4HM0e HHC70 C70eB oKa3blBaeTCH paBHbls 2n=100.
f
I lpH d' -I- d" = 20 MK pa3Mep ?3epHa" cTpyKTypbl OKa3brBaeTCA nOpaJjKa
AIM, Oro Bnoatle J[oHyCTI Mo. EcaF HCXOAHTb H3 10,/. norpeuJliocTH onpeJje-
.aeHllfl 71 , To 2n= 10 n npH Tex >Ke To7HjlHax C.II0eB pa3Mep ,,3epna" no-
pflJ[Ka 0,1 MM.
CJie,ljyer OTMeTUTb, 'ITO HPH al06oM COOTHOIHIHMH HPOBOAHMOCTeS: 7'>
>7" H, Hao60pOT, BcerAa
Y ii >T , (11-13)
9"r0 5iH7HeTCiI He06xoAHM6IM Y0A0BHB M CHH}KeHH2 11 0 T e II-
uitait a HoMex.
f(pH 6o7bIHO5 pa3HHlje B HpOBOJjMMOCrH CJIOCII OAHHaKOaoS TO7IIWHHb1 H
7" c 6oabillo5 TO'IHOCTbIO
7 1'
4T"
C?4eAoBaTeJI11Q, cTeneHb CHC3THII
7,
2 Y " . (11-15)
Hac 11Hrepecye r 06paTHafi 3aLjaga. B TaKOM c7yvae Aoc TarovHO, 'IT06O1
2Y T([K (11-16)
f(Oab3ynCb noCJIeAHHM cooruosueHHeM (11-16) H ycaOateM cor.IIacoBaHHH
UPOBOAHMOCTeil, 7erK0 OnpeJje7M Tb HPOBOAHMOCTF JII060rO C7oa:
7'> 27,v,,K'
-1 C 2v
MuK
COBepuleHHO HCHO, VTO HMeIOTCH 113BecTHble orpaII I IeHMA , cBepxy" 'Jag '1' M
11)117" ?CHH3y". TaK, nPOBo)IIMOCrb McTa7aoB IIOpHAKa 10+5 OM-1?cM-1, npo9o-
4uMOCTb 6aKe7HTOBOro aaKa, HanpH.oep, nopcjjKa 10 -11 OM-1 ?cM-1. IIOCKO7bKv
IIPOBOAMMOCTb 9JIeKTpoJfura B BaHHe nopHJ.jKa 10-3 OM-1-CM-1, TO IIMefoT
MCCTO IIpHMepHO c7eAyIoIuue yCJoBHH:
10' oaI-1.c.al-1> 2. 10-3v o.,a lc.la-1
MUK ,
5.10-2
10-3 OAy-1.cM-i C7"C OAI l.c,o-1,
MUK
10-6 0a1-2.c.u-2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
iii, HCKJI10Raa nocJleAHee paBeHCTBO,
103 ox-1.cm-1 2.10-3vMUK o,x-1.cA1-1,
5.10-4
10-J o,x-1.cM-iC7"G OM-1.CA1-1.
YMUK
KaK BHAHO, yCJIOBHH BnOJIHe COBMeCTHMhIC H nO3BOJIH1o1uHe nOJIy'l11Tb
CyajeCTBeuHb1! BbIHrpbIHl (vMaKC nopflAKa 10-5). I1oJ1y IeHHble CoOTHOmenHs
nOKa3b1Ba}OT, 'iTO McTaJIJIbI B TaKO! CTpyKType MaTepnaJla npH.NeHeHbl 6blTb
He MOryT. IIOCKOJIbKy yaeJIbHaH 1POBOA.HMOCTb TOHKHX McTaJIJIH'IeCKHX CJIOeB
HeCKOJIbKO HH}Ke, TO He HCKJIIO'eHa BO3MO)KHOCTb HX npHMeueHH51.
H3BeCTHble CJIOHCTble MaTepHaJlbl, TaKHe, KaK TCKCTOJIHT, HMelo'r
711 nopflAKa 100. rlpH 3TOM 6blJ1 6b1 B03MO1Keu AeCHTHKpaTHb1N BblHrpbIH1,
71
ecnn 6bl BbIn0JIHIIJIOCb yCJIOBHe corJIaCOBaHHB. OAHaKO OHO He BbInOJJHaeTci3.
IIpeAJIO?KeHHb1H paHee [.n. 1, 21 McTOA nOJlynpOBOAHH[HX rpaHHH HBJIBeTCH
npe,aenbHb1M yrpy6JleHHeM" McTOAa CJIOHCTOH CTpyKTypbi AO npOCTedme!
KaK ON JAByXCJIOnHOH CHCTeMbl: BapHaHT B - T'> 71, 71 > 7"=0; BapHaHT III-
7" Kn-
TeJIbHOe 3Hager-He, T. e. 3JIeKTpOMarHH'THanI MOHIHOCTB, 3 a 6 H p a e-
m a A MaIIIHHOII H3 CHCTeMbI, P. M = IF > 0. apaKTepHOF1 0006eH
HOCTb1O pe}Knia JIBIIraTCJISI npH P,, > 0 HBJIHeTCH HaHpaB?Ieilne
TOKa HBBCTpegy 3. A. c. ManIHHbI.
O4eBHJ[HO, iTO CTpeJIKH HanpnlKKeIIHn 113 3a}KHMaX MBHIHHbI H
H3 3a?KHMBx CeTH npn H3MeHeHFIFP pe}KnMa pa6OTbI 3TOYI MaU1111 b1
He MCrVT H3MeH5ITb CBOero HanpaBJIeHan, H60 nOJI5IpH0CTb 3a3KHMOB
r10CT05IIHia. FJOCKOJIIbKy HanpaBJleHHe BpanjeHHSI 5IKOp5I coxpaIlaeTCH
BCII3Me1IHb1M, HanpaBJIeHHe CTpeJIKH 3. a. c. E Ha cxeMe TBKMKe CO-
XpaHiieTCn. rlOJIO6HaH KOHuerIw15l, IIBJIHIOIuaHCH BbIpa3KeHneM HpHH-
LHna o6paiHMOCTn, npOao,3ITCH BO Bcex Kypcax 3.7eKTpn4eCKHX Ma-
tnr H. Mo}KHO JIHHIb n0}KaJIeTb 0 TOM, 11T0 CXeMbI 3aMeluernH nKOp-
Hoil uenn MBIIIHH peaKO II3o6pa)KaioTC51, a Ha CXeMaX BKJIIOLIeHHH
MaIIIHH, KaK npaBHJIO, He H0Ka3bIBaIOTC5q CTpeJIKH HaHp5i3KeHIIII, TO-
KOB H 3... C. MaIIHHbJ (pnc. 5, 41 n JIp. [JI 2]; pnc. 10, 1 n , p.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
[JI. 1]; plic. X139 [A. 31). JI'HUIb B cHeUHaJIbnblx naparpaCJax, nOCB5I-
U1,eHHbIX HpHHuHny 06paTHMOCTH, noHBJIHIOTC,9 BCe HeO6XOJ(HMble JVISI
aIIaJIH3a CTpeJIKH nOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX HafpaBJIeHIA [JI. 1, 3].
6) TpaHc JopMaTOpb6. AHaJIH3 pa60TbI TpaHC([)opMaTOpa npOH3-
BO/7,HTCSI HepBGHaLIaJIbHO Ha OCHOBe CXeMaTFHi CKOFO H306pa)KeHHH
yCTpOHCTBa OJIH0([)a3HOrO TpaHc()opMaTOpa (pHc. 2,a). B [Jl. 1-51
JIaeTclI pa3JIH1HOe O(4OpMJIeHle 3TOFO pHCyHKa, HO CYII[HO'CTb er0
coxpaHSIeTCR HeH3MeIIHOiI. Ha cxeMax 06MOTOK HoKa3bIBaIOTCH JIHZIIb
P}ic. 2. CXeMaTH4eCKHe 113o6pa)KeHHft VCTpOaCTBa TpalTc4rnpMaTOpa.
ilaHpaBJ1'eHHSI TOKOB B nepBHzIHOM H BTOp13TIHOM KOHTVpaX, OJjHaKO
3aHHCbIBaeMble OJHHaKOBO BO BCeX KypCaX ypaBHeHHSI 3JIeKTpHtle-
CKOrO COCT051HII5I
II,-EI+IIZI, (3)
E, =I2(Z,,+Z,,)
1103BOJI5110T paCCTaBHTb CTpeJIKH 3. A. C. B o6MOTKax H iIanpoKeHHH
Ha HX BbIXOJjHbIX 3a}KHMax, KaK 3T0 c,1 eJIaHO Ha pHC. 2,a.
Hanpaa.rleHHe MarHHTHbIX JIHHH'FI HOTOKa CBSI3aHO HpaBHJIOM npa-
BOrO BHHTa JIIIIHb C 3. J. C. el. KaK HOKa3bIBaeTC5I B [Jl. 5], HpH
Bb16paHHOM HaHpaBJIeHHH 3. J. C. e2 OT KOHua :06MOTKH K Ha'laJly
(4)
T. e. BeKTOp E2 onepe)KaeT BBKTOp HOTOKa (1), HTO He aejiaeTC2 Ha
BeKTOpHbIX gmarpaMMaX TpaHC(])OpMaTOpOB. BTOpHTIHaH o6MOTKa
TpaHC(JOpMaTOpa 51BJISIeTCH HCTO1HIIKOM nHTaHHSI HO OTHOI.IIeHnIo
K Ilarpy3,_{e, BKJIIO~ICHH011 IIa ce 3a)KHMbI. Ho3TOMy CJIeJ[yeT CiIHTaTb
IleJIecoo6pa3HbIMH npIIHHTyIO CHCTeMy CTpeJIOK BO BTOpHLIHOM KOH-
Type 11 CooOTBeTcTBylouiee eil ypaBHeHlle KHpxro(~a. flepBHHHalI o6-
MOTKa JLomKHa paccMaTpHBaTbCH KaK HpHeMIIHK 3HeprHH no OTHO-
IUCI-IHIO K nHTaIOMeR CeTH, Ho D. a. c. eI HanpaBJlHeTCH COrJIacxO
C TOKOM, LITO npoTHBOpe'IlIT npHIISITOLI paIiee CIICTeMe CTpeJIOK, KO-
TopaSi IICHOJIb3yeTC5I B TeOpHH MaIIIIIH HOCTOIHHOrO TOKO.
flea COCTaBJIeHHII ypa3HeHHSI MarHHTHOro COCTORHUH IlCHOJIb-
3yeTC9 3CKIJ3 ce'CHHSI o6MOTOK TpaHc(popMaTopa (pHe. 17,1 [JI. 1];
pHC. 2-13 [Jl. 2]), JIH6o noKa3bIBaIOTC51 IlaHpaBJICHHH TOKOB B o6MOT-
i(ax (pHc. 276 [JI. 3]). Cor.nacHO BCCM 3THM pHCyHICaM HOJIO)K-I-
TC,TIbHble HanpaBJIeHHSI IraMarHIPLIHBaIo1UHx CHJI nepBHLIHOYI H BTO-
135
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
pHLIHOII o6MOTOK Bb16paHbi HPOTHBOHOJIO}KHbIMH (pHC. 3); B TO ~Ke
BpeMH pe3yJIbTHpyioII]aH HaMarHMHBaIOIIjaH CHJla B pe)KHMe ~Ha-
Fpy3KH F? onpeJjeJlaeTcH BCIO1[y no c)opMyJte
FK - 1101 + /202, (5)
TITO He COOTBeTCTByeT BbF6paHHbIM HafpaBJIeHHSIM HaMaTHH'gI4Baio-
IILHX CHJII IZQJI 'If 12W2. fipH aHa.iri3e Tpynri COeAHHeHHq Tpex a3HbIX
TpaHCCpopMaTOpOB CTpOHTCSI To Horpa44HTI!ecxHe BeKTOpHble JjHarpa:M-
MbI, KOTOpbIM HO CyweCTBy CoOTBemCTByeT Bbr6Op O,lHHaKOBbIX Ha-
HpaBJIeHHcI 3. R. C. B o6MOTKaX BbIcuiero H HH3LHerO HanpA}KeHHSI
OTHOCHTeJIbHO OJWOHMeHHbIX 3a}KHMOB (piic. 4 H 2,6). TaxaB cHCTe-
Ma OTJIHfgaeTCR OT HpHHFITOl paHee 1IJISI oJLHOq)a3HbIX TpaHCfpOpMa-
TOpoB (pi-ic. 2,a).
Pic. 3. Pa3pe3 06MOTOK TpaHCfpopMa- Pne. 4. CXeMa O6MOTOK Tpex a3HOI'O
TOpa. TpaHCCopMaTOpa.
IIPHMOe YKa3aHHe Ha 3TO HOJIo)KeHIIe MbI HaXOjHM JIHLIIb
B [JI. 6].
Ha cxeMax aBTOTpaHCCpopMaTOpoB cHOBa yxa3blBafoTCSI JIHIIIb
HanpaBJIeHIIH TOKOB B o6MOTKax, OJlHaKo HpFHHTble ypaBHeHH51 3JIeK-
TpHLIeCK0r0 COCTOHHIIH H03BOJIHIOT J1.OHOJIHHTb CXCMy BCeMH Heo6Xo-
JjHMbIMH CTpeJIKaMH (pHc. 5, a). 34eCb CTaHOBHTCH oco6eHHO 3aMeT-
HOI HeueJlecoo6pa3HOCTb Bbl6paHHbIX HanpaBJIeHHH 3. Jj, C. B pa3JIHTI-
HbIX LIaCTHX 06MOTKH; HanpaMep, COTJIaCHO cxeMe
e1 = e3 - e2, (6)
B [A. 2], rje Ha cxeie plic. 2-53 HCHO BH,wHO, TITO TOK o6aiei
4aCTH 06MOTKH 112
CblBaeTCH ypaBHeHHe
/12=11+12. (7)
YpaBHeHHe CB5I3H Me>K)jy Jjei-ICTBHTeJIbxoI3 II HpHBeJjeHHol'i BeJIHLIH-
HaMH 3. a. C. BTOpHLIHOTO KOHTypa 3arIHCbIBaeTC51 B KypcaX
E2 - EI = Ea za'i (8)
W2
LiTO Ilpo'rHBopeLIHT HPHHHTbIM paHee HOJION{HTeJIbHbIM HanpaBJIeHHSIM
3. 1j. c. (pHc. 2,a).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
AJIII Toro LITo6bI H36e}KaTb 3TOro npOTIlBOpetIHSI, aBTOPbI He
YKa3bIBaIOT Ha cxeMe 3aMel1L HH$1 3. a. C. EI H E2 (pnc. 2-17 [a. 2]),
JIH60 aalOT gByCTOpOHHIOiO CTpeJIKy, B31Ty1O H3 KypCOB ilepgeHHH
(plc. 285 [A. 3] H pllc. 17-5 [JI. 1j).
OKOJIO CTpeJIKH npHBeJueHHOro TOKa BTOpHT-IHOrO KOHTypa CTa-
BHTCH o603HaTIeHHe (pHc. 6); 3T0 O3Ha'IaeT, no cyn eCTBy,
PHc. 5. CxeMa aBTOTpaHC(popMaTOpa.
yCJIOBHO UOJlo)KHTCJibHOC HanpaBJleHHe TOK f,', , o6pal110e 110 OTHO
HIeHHIO K TOK J, T. e. TOK HaupaBJlrercr HaBCTpeHy 3. a. C-
E, T4TO npoTlIBope4HT 113o6pa}KaeMoi4 HPH 3TO.vI BeKTOpHOki uHa-
rpaMMe HPHBeaeHHbIX Be.nHMHH H
nPlIHHTOMY yCJIOBHIO
2
,
1 . )
2 -
B) AcutcxpoKxbce raaucuuac. BBe-
j1,eIIHe HOHRTHSI 3KBIIBa.IIeHTIIOrO,
I?
I~
-fl
Puc. 6. Pac'IeTHbie cxeMbf 3aMelueHHH TpaHCCpopMaropa.
He10JBH}KHorO B HpOCTpaHCTBe POTOpa H03BOJIAeT COBMeCTHTb BeK-
TOpHble ,gHarpaMMbI CTaTOpHOI3 H pOTOPH011 I1,eneI3. BeKTOpHaH JzHa-
rpaMMa aCHHXpOHHOI3 MaIIIHHbI OKa3bIBaeTCH HPH 3TOM HoJ 06HoI3
JwarpaMMe TpaHCq)OpMaTOpa, Ha BTOpHLIHble 3a)fC MbI KOTOporo
BKJIIOTIeHO aKTHBHOe COHpOTHBJI~e,HHe I S S r2. YpaBHeHHe HaMarHHTIH-
BaIOIIiHX CHJI, TaK we KBK H J~JISI TpaHc4)opMaropa, 3arHCbIBaeTcsl
B BH e:
EI +F2 = F10,
1
1
w
J &1
(9
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
XOTH HaripaB,ieHne jekTBHA HaMarHH4HBaIOIuHX cHJI CJa3 eTaTOp-
I10I H poTOpHOI1 O6MOTOK Bb16paHbl HPOTII'BOIIOJIO}KHbIMH (pxc. 3-31
[11. 2] H pxc. 39,3 [JI. 1]).
COCTaBJIe1IHai Ha OCHOBe BeKTOpHOIt aHarpaMMbl CTaTOpHOI'I ue-
nI[ JBHraTeJIA CHCTCMa Ho.IO}KIITeJIbnbIX HaHpaBJIeHHII (pxc. 7,a)
a)
HMeeT TOT }Ke BH;1, gITO -II 4JIA
IiepBH'gBOB o6MOTKH TpaHe4JOp-
MaTOpa. 3JIeKTp0'A'BH)KyLUaH CH-
JIa el, cosrlasaeMasl BpaTualo-
IIJ.II:MCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO CTaTopa
(HKOpA) MarHHTHbHVI ITOJIeM, Ha-
6) npaB.neHa COr.TIaCHO C TOKOM, 'ITO
Pnc. 7. CxeMa CTaropHOK uenH acHH-
XpOHHOrO ABHraTe>ia H cuCTeMbi cTpe-
JIOK Hono)KHTe?IbHbIx HaIIpaBJIeHHH.
HpOTHiBOpeLIHT pac'fOJIO}KeHHK)
CTpeJIOK, HPHHATOMY B AIB'H'ra-
Te.JIA.X fOCTOHHH'Or0 TOKa
(pxc. 1,6).
3JleKTpoMarHHTHai MOJUHOCTb TIepBHqHOIr o6MOTKH
= E111 cos ip1 < 0 (*l > 90?) , nTO HaxORHTCA B npoTHBOpetIHH
C 3HepreTI-I eCKOIt AHarpaMMofi aCHHXpOHHOr0 j BHraTeJIA, B KOTO-
poll PI > 0.
BeKTOpHaA jjllarDaMMa CTaTOpHOI1 uenH aCHIIXpOHHO1O reHepa-
-mopa, BKJIIOLIeHHoro Ha CeTb, CTpOHTCA B yLIe6HHKax no-pa3HOMy.
B [~. 1] 3Ta nxarpaMMa HMeCT BHJj, HOKa3a11Hblli Ha piic. 8,a, m ells
COOTBCTCTByeT CIICTeMa CTpeTIOK Ha cxeMe 3aMeLueHH5T pHC. 9,a.
CTpeJIKII yCJIOBHO noJIO?KHTeJIbHbIx IlaHpHBJIeHHII OKa3bIBHIOTCA pac-
CTaBJIeHHbIMH T0'IHO TaK ?Ke, KaK H y nepBntIHOH 06MOTKH TpaHC-
(j)opMaTopa. B [11. 2] RHarpaMMa noCTpoeHa HHaile (pxc. 8,6), m eii
000TBeTCTByeT cxeMa 3aMelueHli pie. 9,6. 37(ecb MaHIHHa HOKa3axa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
K K reHepaTOp, H ee ypaBHeHHee 3JIeKTpHIeCKOro COCTOBIIHH 3aHHCbT-
B aeTC51:
E, -= U1(:) +1, Z 1.
(11)
OJ(HaKO, CPaBHIIBaH pHC. 7,a n 9,6, MbI O6Hapy}KHBaCM, LITO pa3-
JIH4He HPHHHTb[X HaHpaBJIeHH1I 3JIeKTpHLIeCKHX BeJIHLIHH 3aKJIIOtIaeT-
CB B H3MCHeHHH HarIpaBJIe'HHH CTpeJIKH I-IBU 5I)KeHH5T Ha 3a}KHMaX
MaIIIHHbI (U1 (") _ - UI (d) ); 106 3TO'M WC CBHL eTeJIbCTBV10'T BeKTOp-
HaB aHarpamma pHC. 3-39 [11. 2] H cxeMa 3aMemeHIIH pac. 3-40
[J1. 2].
HOCKOJIbKy Mal1HHa B o6oHX pex{HMaX pa60TaeT napaJIJIeJIbHO
C OJ1,HOF1 H TOTi 3Ke CIICTeMOFI, TaK011 HOBOPOT CTpeJIKH UI HHLIeM He
OHpaBjaH. HO3TOMy Ha cxeMe pHC. 3-40 aBTOp Bbll[y7KieH 6blJI yKa-
PHC. 9. CXeMa aCHHXpOHHoro reHepaTOpa H CHCTeMbI CTpeJIOK
HOJIOSKHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHa.
3aTb em e OJjHO HanpTuKeHHe (HO y3Ke aBOFIHOI[ CTpeJIKOFI) - HaHp5i-
}I{eHNe Ha 3a)KHMaX COrIpOTHBJIeHHH, 51BJIHiOmerOCH noTpe6aTeJIeM
3llep rHlfi.
a) CUHXPO Hbie MatUUHbl. HpH paCCMOTpeHIIH HapaJiJleJIbHOFI
Da60TbI CHHXpOHHOrO (IIeHBHOHOJIloc Toro) reHepaTopa C CaCTeMOFI
6eCKOHeLIHo 6onbmmoc1 MOUIHOCTH (Him HapaJIJIeJIbHOFI pa60TbI ,[I,ByX
reHepaTOpOB) II306pa}KaIOTC9 BeKTOPHble J[HarpaMMbl pHC. 10,a
(pac. 4-63 [,TI. 2]; p,H)c. 34,18 [JI. 1]; pHC. 460 [JI. 3]). DTOF[ AHarpaM-
Me COOTBeTCT'ByIOT CXeMa 3aMemeHHB pHC. 11,a H ypaBH HHe 3JIeK-
TpHHeCKOro COCTOHHH51 AKOpHOFi ueuII
U,=-Eo+lll
(12)
CIIOBa HOBTOpTIloiuee ypaBHe'iIHe HepBHLIHO1 o6MoTKH TpaHCCcopMa-
Topa. HeVja4eH TaK?Ke Bbl6op HOJIO3I{HTeJIbxblx H3UpaBJleIIH1I
3. Ji. C. J[Byx rexepaTOpoB, pa60TaIOUHX HapaJIJTeJIbI[o. CTpejixH Ha-
IipH3KCHHSI Ha 3a)KHMHX reHepaTOpOB HanpaBJIeHbl B pa3Hbie CTO-
pOHbI, XOT5I HO CYLMeCTBY 0ITH XapaKTepH3VIOT HepeMeHHVIO pa3HOCTb
HOTeHL1IaJIOB Mex{Ay OJ);HH'MH H TeMH )Ke 3aA{HMBMH. TOKH B Ha-
rpy3Ke, onpeaeJIHeMbie JeF1CTBHeM D. J. C. Eo H E,.. HanpaBJleHbI
B pa3JIHLIHble CTOpOHbI. TaKHM o66pa30M, HPHH5TTa5I c])aKTHLIeCKII
B JIHTepaType CI[CTeMa VCJIO'BIIO HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJI'eIIHFl OKa-
3bIBaeTC51 BeCbMa HeHarJISIJIHOFI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CorJlacHo pHC. 11,a renepaTOp jjo.1Kei BKJIIOtIaTbCR Ha napaii-
JIe.IbHyK) pa6oTy B TOT MOMeHT, Korjja BeKTOpbI HanpH}KeHHI3 U~
H U (Him E, H E) HaXOjjHITCH B npOTHBOCpa3e; 3T0 nOATBep}KjjaeT-
cH pHc. 34,4 [JI. 1]. U,nI-Iaxo 3Aecb xce, Ha pne. 34,6, AaeTcH AHarpaM-
Ma 3. A. C. C peKOMeHAauHAMH 0 BKJHO JeHRIT MaHIHHbI npH COBna-
jjeHHH BeKTOpOB E H E0. I O,iio6HbIII COBeT jjaeTcH OTHOCHTeJIbHO
BeKTOp-oB HanpxxceHHU B (J1. 2]
F ~j'Lxc (pHc. 4-59) H B [J1. 3] (pHc. 455).
Ilepexo,i CHHXPOHHOfi MaWHHbI a
pe>KHM ABHraTeJIH COnpO'BO}KjjaeTCSI
I
PHC. 10. YnpouieHHam BeKTOp- PHC. H. Cxema 3ameuzeHH51 eTaTOpmoi'i ueire
Ham Anarpamma neaBHOnoJIloc- cHHxpoHHOrO reHepaTOpa, pa60Taiotuero na-
Horo cHHxpoHHOro reHepaTOpa. paaaejibHO C encTemoa.
nocTpoeHHeM BeKTOpHOI )JHarpaMMbl pac. 12,a, KoTOpoH COOTBeT-
c1ByeT cxeMa 3aMenieHH51 pHC. 13,a. YpaBHeHHe 3JIeKTpHIe~cKoro co-
CTO5IHHH IjenH HKOPH OCTaeTCSI HCH3MeHHbIM:
Uc=_E0+Jlx..
1I'xc/1 JIXcA - Jac,
(13)
PHc. 12. BeKTOpnam allarpamMa CHHxpoH- P.Hc. 13. Cxema 3ameuieHHm cTaTOp-
Horo ABHraTenm. HoH uenH CHHXpoHHOro ,LBHraTeim.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ka}KeTCA COBepU1eHHO HeO6OCHOBaHHbIM CTpeMJIeHHe aBTOpOB K 10-
Jjo6HOII yHH(pnKau,HH, T. e. npHBeJjeHHe no CyIIjeCTBY ypaBHe!IHSI
SIKOpiiOi LjenH K ypaBHeHH)O nepBHTIHOII 06MOTKH TpaHCCpnpMaTopa.
,a) 3alciiioTseiue. 1-1poBejjeHHbII3 aHaJIH3 noKa3bIBaeT Heo6XoJlIi'-
MOCTb BBeJjeI1HH CHCTeMbI YCJIOBHO HOJIO?KHTeJIbHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHII
3. J. C., HaHpSI)KeHHII H TOKOB, KOTOpasi BHecJIa 6bI (mMM''ieCKyIO
SICHOCTb B COC'raBJISIeMble ypaBHeHHe COCT05IHHR HJIH CXeMbI 3aMe-
LljeHH5I, a TaK)Ke CBeJjeHHH B e) 4Hylo LjenoTIKy cxeM 3aMeHIeHIIH
SIKOpHbIX o6MOTOK MaIIHH, C OJ[HOII CTOp'OHbI, H CxeMbi 3aMeIIjeHH5,I
O6MOTOK TpaHc 4OpMaTOpa, - C Jjpyroi .
PHC. 15. CHCTCMa VCJIOBHO HOJIO?xH-
Te.'IbHblx HanpaBJleHx,1 pH,;. 14, npxue-
HeHHau B cxeMe aBTOTpaHCq)opMaTOpa.
Jj xa
Puc. 14. Bo3MOXiHasH cHCTeMa ycaoBHo
no TWKIITeJIbHbIx HaupaBJIeHHN.
B HepByIO oTiepeab Heo6xo,JH-
MO iBBeCTH o,IHHaKOBble HanpaB-
JIe41HH 9. Ij. c. el if e2 B o6MOT-
Kax TpaHcc)opMaTopa. OJjnaxo
HpH coxpaxeHHH cTaporo Ha-
3a}KHMax o6MOTOK H, cJIeJjOBaTeJlbno,
cTaporo HanpaBJIeHFI T TOKOB B HHX (pnc. 14,a) ypaBHeHHe
TIeCKOFO COCTOSIHHH BT'OPFTIHOrO KOHTypa noJlyTlaeT Baj :
E,U2-I2Z.).
9JIeKTpH-
(14)
TaKaS, ?anH'cb HMeJIa 6bI HeO6brTIHbIII BIIJj, HOCKOd'bKY BTOpINTIIIaS1
06MOTKa SIBJISieTCH HCTOTIHHKOM 9. A. C., a BeKTOpIIaa xiarpaMMa
HOJIyTInJlaCb 6bI BeCbMa HeHarJIAJjHOII (pHc. 14,6).
OJjHOBpeMeHHoe H3MeHeHHe HanpaBJIeLIHHi 3. R. c. e2, TOKa i2
H HanpH?KeHHSI U2 TaK?Ke 6bIJ10 6bI HeyJjaTIHO. HanpHMep, B pexcnnie
aBTOTpaHCClOpMaTOpa (pnc. 15) MbI BbIHy?KJ[eHbI 6bIJIH 6bI 3anH'aTb
ypaBHeHHe HanpxxceHHli Ha OTaeJIbHbIX TIaCTSIX 06MOTKH cneJjylo-
LrIHM o6pa30M:
(15)
Haa6o.Tiee McTOJHTIeCK11 onpaBJjaHHbIM BbIXOJ[OM H3 JF)J1O?KeHH51
npe,aCTaBJ15IeTC51 I Tb H3MeHeHH5I YCJIOBHOrO HanpaBJIeHHH 3. A. C.
141
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
e1 B nepBHHIIOIi 06MOTKe, 'ITO [IPHBOjjHT K He06XOjjHMOCTH I13MelIe-
IIHB 3afIICH B (popMyJIe, CBB3bIBaIoUJe1i 3Ty 3. jj. C. H patio mi HOTOK:
(16)
(17)
3. ERHHaSI CHCTCMa YCJIOBHO HOJIO1KHTeJlbHb1X HanpaBJIeHHI-i
H BeKTOpHble J(HarpaMMbl 3JIeKTpH4eCKHX MaHIHH
a) TpaHc 5opMaTOpb1. fIpe?JaaraeMasl cHCTeMa yCJIOB?IO HoJro3KH-
TeJIbHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHcI 3. A. C., Haupq>KeHHI3 H TOKOB rrOKa3aHa na
cXeMe pHC. 2,6. fUepBHqHaH 06MOTKa TpaHC4)OpMaTOpa SIBJIACTCH
aKTIIBIrbIM npleMHIIKOM 3Hepl HII, H 3. A. C. el HanpaBJleHa HaBCTpe-
P}IC. 16. BeKTOpHasl ;04a-
rpaMMa TpaRc()opMaTopa
HpH HOBOR cucTeMe ycJIoB-
HO HOJIO iKHTe.7bHbIX Ha-
d1
el dl `C'I
uy TOKy. BTop1T HaH, , o6-
MOTKa HMeeT HpHHATble B HaCTOSll I. C BpeM%i
IlarlpaBJleHaf D. j[. c. e2 H TOKa i2. YpaBHe-
HH:I 3.IIeKTPHqCCKOFO COCTOKHHSI 3arIHCbl-
BaIOTC5I:
(18)
YpaBHelIHe paBHOBeCHH HaMarHHgl1Balo-
I11HX CHJI HMeeT BHJT, COOTBeTCTByIOIUIlli
Bbl6paHHbIM HanpaBJIeHHaM HaMarHHalBaIO-?
ajllx c11,1 (pac. 3):
U1=EI+I1Z1,
E,= U9+12Z2.
I11 -122=I10w1? (18')
IIoJHlaa BeKTOpaaa JlHarpaMMa TpaHc-
(popMaTopa a3o6pa>Keaa Ha pHC. 16.
3JIeKTpH'IeCKOe o6 beJHHenine HepBII 1HOII:
H BTOpHIIHOi[ o6MOTOK TpaacrjjopMaTopa co-
apOBO>KJJ,aeTCSI CJIeJ[yIOMHMH Hpeo6pa30BaHHAMH 3JICKTpH4eCKHX Be-
?IHiIHH B'rOpHnnHOrO KOHTypa:
KOTopble HOJIFIOCTbK) COOTBeTCTBYIOT CTpeJ[KaM IIOJIO>KHTeJIbHbIX Ha-
npaBJIeHHII el H e2 H i2 . CXeMbI 3aMeLII,eHHA jj0 npHBeJjeHHa a
HOCJIC Hero HOKa3b1BBIOTCH Fla pHC. 6, 6.
TOK '12 B cMe>KHON BeTBH JLByX KOHTYPOB CBI3aH C TOKaMH
it H I., COOTHOHIeHHeM
]1 -
12 + 11''
(19)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H3 ypaBHCHHSI (18') Houle npeo6pa3oBaxu5l HoJIytIaeM:
1112
11=11o+h; 1.2='2 '2'2,
CJ1e,jOBaTeJIbHO,
,12 = 110.
Ha puc. 5, 6 n3o6paxceHa cxeMa aBTOTpaHC(~opmaTOpa CO BCCMH
CTpCJIKaMH 3. A. C., TOKOB H HanpnMKeIIIdl. I7R 3-FOR CXCMbI vIO?KHO
COCTaBHTb C'Iegy101uyK) CHCTeMy ypaBHeHr fi:
UI=U2+E3+1,Z,, (20)
E.,=I,2Z.,+ U_ (21)
1i2+11120, (22)
E1=E2+E3, (23)
I, - W2)-I,2&2=hoZO 1. (24)
Ha OCHOBaHHdlt 3THX ypaBHeHHR HOCTpOeHa HOJIHaSI BCKTOPHB J
JI:arpaMMa aBTOTpaHCCpopMaTOpa (pHC. 17). KaK HJIJHOCTOauHSI
HIHpOKHX Bo3M0}KHOCPeII upeJlJlaraeMOH CIICTeMbI Ha pHC. 18 no-
CTpoe'Ha JlHarpaMMa BoJIbTO,L(o6aao'-IHOro TpaHCpopMaTopa, cxeMa
KoTOporo H3o6pa~KeHa Ha pnc. 19.
YpaBHeHHSi paBHoOBeCHSI 3TOff CXCMbI HMeIOT BHJI:
U,,=U1 +E1,2-1Zll.2,
Enf-E12-12(Zr2+Z11 1),
U1=EII+1121I1u,11 2 12&I11'
1,wII-I2ZQJI2-110111
IC!)? =/+I,.
6) AcuxxpoHnbte malUU lbl. BeKTOpHaH jmarpaMMa aCHHxpOII-
HOro ,ZBHiraTeJIH fPHHUHHHaJIbHO He OTJIHWIaeTCH OT ,jF1arpaMMb!
Tpancc)opMaTOpa (pHc. 20). Eil COOTBeTCTByeT cxeMa 3aMeIueHFI51
CTaTOPHOIi ueHH, HOKa3aHHaIl Ha pHc. 7,6. TaK MKe KaK H Y JIBHra-
TeJISI HOCTOSF1I1ero TOKa, CTpeJIKa 3. ,1. C. e, HaHpaBJlena HaBCTpeLiy
TOKy. 3JIe'KTpOMarHFiTHa5I MOMHOCTb paBHa:
P3M = E1I, cos ~1 > 0 (~, < 90?),
1160 MaWHHa P3CCMaTPHBaeTCI KaK HOTpe6HTeJIb BHepr11li.
YpaBHCHI1e HaMarHHgHBaloawx CHJI 11MeeT BHA:
F 1 - 9 = 1 1 0 . (25)
143
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PHc. 17. BeKTOpHasi ztearpaMMa aB'roTpaHccpopMaTopa
Hp,i 110130.1 CH?TeMe y,~JIOBHO HOJIO}KHTeJIbH,Ix HaHpaBJIeHFIH.
`mI = 2z22; x,,=2x,,,; rI = 2r2; Z,,= 5x2a; pa = 40?.
YpaBHeHHe 3J1eKTPHtICCKOrO COCTOSIHHH CTaTOpITOH 06MOTKH AOJI>KFlO
6bITb 3arnfcaHO:
U E, + I, Z, . (26)
IIpH HepeBoae B reHepaTOpHbli'I pe}KHM ManIHHbI, HO,LKJIKiLIeHHOH
K U1HHaM CHCTeMbl, aKTHBHB T ?Harpy3Ka" B 3KBHBaJIeHTHOFi cxeMe
3aMeIgeHHA ee 1 s S r,, < 0. f OABJIeHHIO B ueHH OTpHuaTeJlbHOrO
aKTHBHOrO COHpOTHBJIeHHSl COOTBeTCTByeT H3MeHeHHe 3HaKa aKTHB-
HOFi COCTaBJI HOWeH TOKa I. BeKTOpHaB aHarpamma MaujiubI, KOTOpaA
HpoAo.1}KaeT paccMaTpHBaTbCR KaK HpHeMHHK 9HeprnH, HOJiyLIaeT
BHJ, HOKa3aHHbIfi Ha pie. 21, a. OAHaxo ue.lecoo6pa3HO H3MCHHTb
HOJIO)KHTeJIbHbie HanpaBJIeHHA TOKOB II H I2, paccMaTPHBaR Ma1IIHHy
KaK reHeparop (pTIC. 9, e).
r1PH BTOM ypaBHeHHe CTaTOPHOH ueHH TaK}Ke H3MeHHeTCB:
E, =UI +IIZI;
(26a)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
no 4 opre OHO TO}KJeCTBeHHO ypaBHeHHfO HKOpnoK uenH reHepaTOpa
rIOCTOHHHOrO TOKa.
HOBoe ypaBHeHHe Hama rHHIIHBaIOII[HX CHJI 3annCbIBaeTC51 B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C H3MeHeHHeM IIOJIO)KHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHFI TOKOB 11 H I2:
F2 - F1= F10, (25')
IIOJIHaH BeKTOpxa5I AHarpaMMa acHHXpoHHoro renepaTOpa H3o-
6pax{eHa Ha pHc. 21,o.
PHc. 18. BeKTOPHa5I j(HarpaMMa BoJIbTOioIaBO~iHorO TpaHCq)opMaTopHoro
yCTPOiI,;TBa.
W1 o 2w112; wtl = 2w11; Z11 = 2212; Z111 = 2Z112; 0111 = U2!2; w12 = w112.
l O Tpy x M3H, Bbin. XXVII. 145
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B) CUuxpoImbLe MauUIIt-lbi. OCHOBHbIM pe}KHMOM pa60TbI CHH-
XpOHHOH MaIIIHHbi IIPHHHTO CT-IHTaTb reHepaTOpHbIH, KOrAa MaHIHHa
nepeB036yxmAeHa. CXeMa 3aMe.11 HHH CTaTOpHOH uleHFP H BeKTOpHaHi
,amarpaMMa IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 11,6 H 10,6. YpaBHeHHe 3JIeKTpHUe-
CKOrO COCTOHHHH BHOBb HMee'r HOpMaJIbHbIH BHA:
Ea=UI +IIX,.
(27)
PHC. 19. CxeMa BoJIbToro6aaorInoro ycTpoHCTBa.
BKJIioqeHHe MaHIHHbI Ha napaJIJIeJIbllpo pa60TY C CHCTeMOII ocy-
ujeCTBJ15IeTC5i B MOMeHT COBHa.L eHH1T BCKTOpOB Uc H U, HJIH E`-
H E, T. e. B MOMeHT paBeHCTBa IIOTCHUHaJIOB Ha KOHTaKTaX KOMMy-
THpyloHjero ycTpoHCTBa.
PHc. 20. BeKTOpable ;kHa-
rpaMMbl aCHHXpoHHOro J1BH-
raTejIH npH HoBOFi CHCTeMe
YCJIOBHO IIOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX
HanpaBJIeHHH.
UpH nepeBOAe MaIIIHHbI B pe}KHM T BII-
raTeJISI, ecJIH MamIHHa IIpoi[oJI]KaeT pac-
CMaTpHBaTbCH KaK reHepaTOp H aHaJIH3
HpOH3BO)jH'TCSI C HOMOUjbIO cxe'Mbl 3aMe-
Iue'HHH pHC. 13,6, Mb! rioJIygiaeM BexTOp-
xyio 7HarpaMMy C oTpHuaTeJIbHOH aKT:IB-
HOH cocTaBJlxloujeH Tom I (puc. 12,6).
H3MeH5I5I HanpaBJICHHe Toxa I na Cxe-
Me 3OMerueHHx (pine. 13,e) H paccMaTpH-
BaSI MaIIIHHY KaK npHeMHHK 9Hepr HFT,
IIpHXOJjHM K HOpMaJIbHOH BeKTOpHOH J[Ha-
rpaMMe aKTHBHOrO JLByXHOJIIOCI-InIKa
(pHC. 12,e).
BhiBOjjbl
1. 11pOBeJjeHHbIH aHa.iu3 MaTepHadla
yT-Ie6HbIX KYPCOB HO 3JIeKTpHtIeCKHM Ma-
LumimM noKa3bnBaeT OTCYTCTBHe corJIaOo-
BaHHOCTH Me}KJ1 BeKTOpHbIMH aHarpam-
MaMFi H ypaBHeHHHIMH 3JIeKTpFtTeCK000 H
MarFiHTHOro COCTOHIHHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
2. fIpeAJlaraeTCH HOBaB CIAHHa5i CHCTeMa YCJIOBHO nOJIO}KH-
TeJIbHbIX HarlpaBJIeHHH, KOTOpaH OTJIHTIaeTC51 OT (paKTHT-IeCKH HpHHH-
TOId B JIHTepaTYpe TeM, TITO H3MeIeHO YCJIOBHO HOJIO}KHTeJIbHOe Ha-
HpaBJIeHHe 3. A. C. B HepBHtHO13 06MOTKe TpaHC(pOpMaTOpa H CTa-
TOpHOFf o6MOTKe aCHHXpOHHOII MaLuHHbI. Ha OCHOBe 3TOlI CHCTeMbI
HOCTpOeHa CepH5I BeKTOpHbIX RHaFpaMM, 06'beAHHeHHbIX Me)K,1 y co-
6OH o6H]HOCTbIO HAeH 06 3JIexTpHT-Ie-CKOM ipe}KHMe p,a60Tb1 'KaK Baxc
PHc.21. BeKTOpuaa AHarpaMMa acHHxpoHHoro renepaTOpa
HIM HOBOH CHCTeMe yCJIOBHO HOJIO}KHTCJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHN.
HeiuueH xapaKTepIICTHKe MaHIHHbI. HaupaBJIe'HHSI CTpeJIOK nOJIO)KH-
TeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHI3 3. J. C. TOKOB H HanpSI}KeHHI3 OJLHHaKOBbI )[J151
BCeX THB0B 3JIeKTpHTIeCKHX MaHIHH.
JIHTEPATYPA
1. R. M. II H 0 T P 0 B C K H N, 3JIeKTpHTIecKHe MamIIHbl, r311, 1950.
2. H. C. C e p r e e B, 3JIeKTpHTIecKHe Mamnnbl, r3H, 1955.
3. M. H. K o C T C H K o, 3JIeKTp141aecKHe MawHHbl. I-IacTb o6u(a5i, F311,
1944.
4. r. H. H e T p 0 B, 3neKTpHT{eCKHe MamHHbl, r31'1, 1940.
5. F. B. 3 e B e K e, Fl. A. HO' H K H H, OCHOBbI 3JICKT'pO'TeXHHKH, Td. 1, r3H,
1955.
6. H. H. ri y JI r a K 0 B, rpyHnbl COeRHHeHHB Tpex la3HblX TpaHCc1opMaTO-
poB, r3H, 1955.
7. (DH3HTiecKHe OCHOBbI 3JIe'KTpOTexHHKH. flog pea. K. M. IIOJIHBaHOBa,
r314, 1954.
8. K. A. K p y r, OCHOBbI 3JieKTpOTexHHKH, OHTH, 1934.
9. W. B o a s t, OCHOBbI TeopHH 9JIeKTpHTIecKHx H MarHHTHbIx uene?N,
E. u. M., 1955, NQ 4.
10. P. B 6 n i n g, K BonpOCy c603HageHHa HanpaBJleHHa B 3HaKa 3JIex-
TpHgCCKHX BeJIHVxH, E. u. M., 1954, Ne 15/16.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OCOBEHHOCTH FEHEPATOPOB JJH3JIEKTPH9ECKOI'O
HACPEBA
Raa I. mezti. Kay/c B. A. )Kyzoeu1j/U11
ToKH BbICOKHX LIaCTOT npHMeHHIOTC5I AJISI HarpeBa H C/IIIKH ca-
MbIX pa3JIH'LIHbIX MaTepHaJIOB. OnbITbl no HarpeBy H CyIHKe TOKaMH
BbTCOKOII LIaCTOTbI nOCJIe BOI3HbI HaLIaJIH CTaBHTbCS1 Hpln CKJIeiiKe Ape-
BeCHHbI, npeccOBKe IIJIaCTMaCC, BYJIKaHH3aUHH KayLlyKa, npH H3ro-
TOBJIeHHn 3JIeKTpOH30JIHUHOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB, CBapHBaHHH TepMO-
nIJIacTHgeC'KHX HJIeHOK II CTeKJIa, CyniKe HiePCTH H HCKycCTBeHHOFO
IIIeJIKa, KOHCepBHpOBaHHH H pa3MOpa}KHBaHHH HHlije'BbIX npoAyK-
TOB H T. A.
!I1OCTaHOBKa 13THX 'OHbrPOB O6'bHCHHeTCH pSIAOM npeHMyHjeCTB Ha-
rpeBa H CYIIIKH B 3JIeKTpHLIeCKOM none, a HMeHHO:
1) YCKOpeHHeM npouecCOB HarpeBa H CyIIIKH H, CJIc OBaTeJIbHO,
rOBbIIIIeHHeM npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTH TeXHOJIOrH'-ICCKHX MaHIHH H
annapaTOB;
2) yJIy'-IIHeHH'eM KatIeCTBa npOAYKUHH;
3) BO3MO}KHOCTbIO KOHBeI3epH3auHH ripouecca;
4) yJIyxI'HIeHHeM yCJIOBHT{ Tpyaa.
KOHegIHO, He BO BC'eX CJIy'-IaHIX HpHMeHeHITSI TOKOB BbICOKOTI qa-
CTOTbI OAHOBPCMCHHO BbISIB.751IOTC5I Bee 3TH i[peHMyn eCTBa. f03T0-
My B Ka}KAOM KOIIKPeTHOM CJivLIae He06XOAHMO BbISICHHTb ueJleco-
06pa3HOCTb npHMeHe'HHH TOKOB BbICOKOI1 LIaCTOTbI, YLIHTbIBaH H 3KO-
HoMHLIeCKylO TOLIKY 3peHH5I.
BHeApeHHe HarpeBa H CYIIIKH TOKaMH BbICOKOcI LIaCTOTbI B np0-
MbTwJIeHHOCTH TOPMO3HTC5I OTCYTCTBHeM CepHIIHOI'O BbInYCKa reHe-
paTOpOB pa3JIHLIHbIX MOIIjHOCTC3 H pa3JInLIHbIX LIaCTOT, KOTOPble
yAOBJICTBOPHJIH 6bI yCJIOB-14151M yCTOIILIHBOH pa60TbI, BbICOKOrO
K. n. A., ITIHPOKOT3 perVJlHp'OBKH, o6eCnegHBal0U eH OnTHMaJIbHbIl3 pe-
}KHM, Manoro YPOBH51 noMeX paaHonpHeMy. TOJIbKO B nocJIeAHHe
FO11bI TpeCT KHa pa6oTa rexepaTopa
Ha JjByx iaCTOTax: HH3KOIi, JIe}KaLUeA BHyTPH HHTepBaJIOB 0 - f a1 '
0-f,,, H BbICOKOII, JIe}Kaujeii BHyTPH HHTepBaJIOB fat -- fa3'
fc2 - fc3' UJISi 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHoro rexepaTopa KacJeapbi T0D
HH3KaH '-IaCTOTa paBHa HpHMepHO 4 M04, a BbICOKaH 20 M24. DTH
gIaCTOTbI H Ha6JIIoJ aJTHcb HPH HaJIaL Ke reHepaTopa.
4TO6bI yCTpaHHTb Bo3MO}KHOCTb reHepaunH Ha qaCTOTe 4 M24,
nocJIeJ oBaTeJIbHO C ,gpocceJIeM BKJIIOgeHO aHTHnapa3HTHoe COHpOTHB-
JIeHHe R,; HOg60pOM er0 BeJIH'IHHbI MO}KHO yCTpaHHTb B03MO)KHOCTb
reHepauHH Ha 'IacTOTe 4 M24.
LIaCTOTHasI XapaKTepHCTHKa allOAHOrO KOHTypa CHHMaJIaCb C HO-
MOHjbIO KyMeTpa. 4acTOTa fai OKa3aJIaCb paBHOI3 4,5 M2g,
fa2 7 MM H fa3 -,23 M21 , '-ITO HOJIHOCTbIO COrJIacyeTCH C paC'-IeTOM.
B o6JIaCTn, mCTOT, 3HatHTeJIbHo 6oJIbIIJHX fa3, Ha KyMe'I'pe MO}K-
HO 3aMepHTb eme pnjj pe3olaHCHbIX ggaCTOT, KOTOPble OHpeaeJISIIOTc r
napa3HTHbIMH eMKOCTSIMH H HHJjYKTHBHOCTSiMH COeJIHHHTeJIbHbIX
UJHH, a Taio a HaJIHLIHeM COe4HHHTeJIbHOIi KoaKCHaJIbHOt JIHHHH.
n03TOMy B03MO)KHO HOSIBJIeHHe VJIbTpaKOpOTKOBOJIHOBbIX napa3HT-
Hbix xoJIe6aHHYI, KOTopble MoryT HpHBeCTH K aBapMH. IIpH HaJIaJIKe
PeHepaTO'pa B03H'HKaJIH H TaKHe napa3HTHble KOJIe6aHHA. YcTpaHe-
HHe HX B03MO}KHO pauHOHaJIbHbIM MOHTa?KOM.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
C POCTOM MOIIZHOCTH reHepaTOpa TpYJIHOCTH HaJIaAKH Bo3pa-
CTalOT, TaK KaK yAeJlbHbTI3 BeC napa3HTHbIX napaMeTpoB paCTeT. B03-
paCTaIOT IF TpyJIHOCTH 3aMeHbI OTJIeJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB allOAHOrO KOH-
Typa, 'ITO HeH36e?KH0, Korjja C'epHIIHbIi reHepaTOp npHCnoca6JIH-
BaeTC5I K pa6oTe C 3aJIaHHbIM pa6otfM KOHJjeHCaTOpOM II 3aAaHHOIi
Harpy3KOIi. TaK, HanpHMep, npH corJIaCOBaHHH cepHAHoro reHepa-
TOpa MOHjHOCTbIO 30 1C8T C KOHBeIIepHOIi yCTaHOBKOii JJJISI CyIIIKH
HCKYCCTBeHHOrO IIIejrKa npHIIIJIOCb H3MeHHTb Ha McCTe KOHCTpYKTH'B-
Hoe BbIrIOJIHeHHe He TOJIbKO HHJjYKTHBHOCTii I.,,, HO H IlepeMeHHoro
B03)jyIUHOrO UHJIHHJIpHgeCKorO KOHJjeacaTOpa C. KpoMe TOPO, KaK
rIOKa3bIBaeT OrIbIT AJIH corJIaCOBaHHSI Harpy3KH, T. e. HOJly'IeHHSI on-
THMaJIbHOrO COnpOTHBJIe'HHSi aHOJIHOrO KOHTypa, Heo6XOAHMo H3Me-
HSITb TO'4KY npHcoejIHHeHHSI KOHJjeHcaTopa C (TO'IKH 1, 2, 3 Ha
p'ac. 4), 'ITO y'CJIO)KHHeT cxeMy aHOAHoro KO'HTypa, yBeJIH'IHBaeT
'IHCJIo pe30HaHCHbIX Ia'CTO'T H JjeJlaeT 6oJiee Tpy 1HOii AoCTH}KeHlie
yCTOii'IHBOii pa60TbI reHepaTOpa (B03MO)KHO 3aTHrHBa'HHe).
C pOCTOM MOHLHOCTH reHepaTOpa BO3paCTanOT TaK}Ke TpYJLHOCTH
3KpaHHpOBKH C IIeJIbJO yCTpaHeHnH paAHOnoMeX.
F103TOMY 3acJIy}KHBaeT BHHMaHHSI Jjpyroi BO3M0}KHbIA nyTb HO-
CTpoeHHSi exert reHepaTOpOB JIJrn JIH3JIeKTpw'P'-IecKorO HarpeBa, 'IaCTo
BCTpe''aIOHjlIICSI 3a rpaHHljeli. B 3TOM c.iy'ae PeHepaTOpbl BbInoJi-
HSIIOTCH MIIOrOKaCKarwbIMH, npH'IeM '-IacToTa 3aJIaIOHjero reHepaTOpa
Bb16HpaeTCSI B nOJioce 'IaCTOT, CneH,HaJIbHO OTBeJjeHHbIX JUJIS1 npo-
MbIIHJIeHHbIX reHepaTOpOB, H CTa6HJIH3HpyeTCSi.
3aAa'IH cTa6HJIbHOri reHepauHH H coroiacoBaHnH Harpy3KH B 3TOM
CJIy'Iae pa3JjeJIHIOTC51, 'ITO r103BOJISI'eT JjO6HTbCSI npeJ-b'IBJIeHHbIX
BbIHIe K reHepaTOpaM JIH3JIeKTpHgeCKOrO HarpeBa Tpe60BaHHIi 6o.iee
HpOCTbIMH nyTHMH. Fe'HepaTOpbi nOJly'IaIOTCSI 6oJiee yHHBepcaJlbHbl-
NIH (B CMbICJIe pa60TbI Ha pa3JIH'IHb1e Harpy3KH) H 6o.ie'e ycToii'IH-
BbIMH. OJUHaKO CXe'MbI H KOHCTPYKUHH TaKHX reHepaTOpOB, HanpH-
Mep BbIrIyCKaeMbIX B Fep1aHCKOI3 geMOKpaTHgeCKOfI PeCny6JIHKe,
3Ha'IHrreJIbHO CJIO3KHee, 'IeM OJIHOKaCKaJIHbIX aBToreHe'paTOpoB.
Ta,K, re'HepaTOp THna 1721.6 F 2 MOI1 HOICTbIO 1,5 1C8T, pa6oTaio-
HjHii Ha 'IaCTOTe 27,12 Mat -+ 0,6%', 'IeTbIpeXKaCKaJIHbIii H HMeeT
B cxeMe ynpaBJIeHHH H aBTOMaTH'IecKOIi HOJjCTpOHKH 11 JIaMH. fIH-
TaHH-e reHe'paTOpa OCymecTBJIHeTCSI OT IneCTH BbIHpSIMHTeJIeII. CXe-
MbI re'HepaTOpa, rIHTaHHH H 6JIOKHpOBKH, CHrHaJIH3aUHH H ynpaBJle-
HHSI allaJlOrHgHbI COOTBeTCTByx)njHM cxeMaM pajjHOHepeJlaT'IHKa TOIL
3Ke MIOIIjHOCTH. II03TOMY CTOHMOCTb reHepaTopa 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO npeBo-
CXOAHT CTOHMOCTb aBToreHepaTOpa TaKOIi )Ke MOHiHOCTH.
PaccMaTpHBaSi nepcneKTHBbI pa3BHTH5q H BHeJjpeH'HH BbICOKO'Ia-
CTOTHOrO HarpeBa H CyUIKH, Heo6XOAHMO OTM-eTHTb H TpeTHIi B03-
M03KHbIIi nyTb - nyTb CO3ABHHSI reHepaTOpoB C He3aBHCHMbIM B03-
6y}KJjeHHeM C He6OJIbuIHM 'IHCJIOM KaCKaJIOB H Bo3MO?KHO npOCTOifi
cxeMOII nHTaHHSI, 6JI0KHpOBKH, CHrHaJii-l3auHH H ynpaBJleHHSI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
AHAJIH3 KOJIbUEBOt CXEMbI
B gACTOTHO-4)A3OBOI CHCTEME TEJIEYnPABJIEHNSI
Acnupanm /I. C. Xeu1
TexHHKa TeJleynpaBJiexHH B nOCJIeJJHHe rOAbI pa3BHBaeTCH B Ha-
npaBJIeHHH HCHOJIb3OBaHH5I pa3JIHtIHbIX 6eCKOHTaKTHbIX 3JI'eMeHTOB
ii 60Jie'e HIHpOKoro HCnOJIb3oBaHH51 IIaCTOTHbIX HMnVJIbCHbIX np14--
3HaKOB.
IIpH TeJleynpaBJIeHIiH CpaBHHTeJlbHO He60JlbLIHM KOJIHiieCTBOM
o6'beKTOB npH CpaBHHTeJIbHO H.e60JlbHIHX paCCTOHHHSIX HaH60JIee ue-
Jlecoo6pa3HO HCHOJ1b3OBaTb cyluecTBy}onule JIHHITH CBH3H C BB'eAe-
HHeM Ha HHX liaCTO'THbIX Ka'HaJGOB B noJ1TOHaJIbHOM AHarla3OHe tIaCTOT.
IIpH TaKOM peuleHHH 3aaatIH oTnaAaeT Heo5xoAmMOCTb np0'KJiaAbl-
BaTb AJISI uejieli TeJleynpaBJIeHHSI CneuHaJlbHble flpOBOJta, H BOSIB-
JIHeTCSI BO3MO}KHOCTb, He Hapyma5l TeJIe#HHy10 CBH3b, HCHOJIb3O-
BaTb CyHjeCTByIOHZHe KaHaJlbi.
Ha Ka(Jeape ABTOMaTHKIP, Te.ICMeXaHHKH H MaTeMaTHtIeCKHX Ma-
IIIHH M31'J npH y1aCTHH aBTOpa 6bIJIa pa3pa60TaHa tiaCTOTHO-(4a30-
BaSi CHCTeMa TeJIeynpaBJIeHHH, ynpOnuCHHaH cxeMa KOTOpOIi noKa-
3aH3 Ha pnc. 1.
I-1epeAa'-ia CHrHaJIOB OCymeCTBJIH'eTCH HVTeM H3MeH'e'HHH LIaCTOTbI
H (pa3bI CHrHaJIa. I-eHepaTOpaMH tlaCTOTbl CJIy}KHT 6JIO'K CTaTIItie-
CKIHX yMHo)K?HTeJIeII qa.eTOTbI YI, fHTaeMbI13 OT iCeTH nepeMeHHOro
TOKa.
B npHeMHOH tIaC'TH yCTpOHICTBa HMeIOTCS1 TaKOIi we 6J10K CTaTH-
IIeCKHx yMHO}KHTeJie1 Y2, pa6OTaIOHZHIi OT Toil xce CeTH ne'pe'MeHHo-
r0 TOKa, H AeIIIH(ppaTOp. B nOCJIeAHeM yCTaHOBJIeHbI 3JIeKTpHtI'eCKHe
4JHJIbTpbl (1). IIOCJIe HHX BKJHOtIeHbI (Da30Bble jeTeKTOpbI )J, onop-
Hbie HanpH}KeHHH aJISI KOTOpbIX CHHMa1OTC5I CIO CTaTHRIeCKHX yMHO-
}KHTeJIeli. B KageCTBe 3JI'CKTpHtIeCKHX 4JHJIbTPOB npHMe"iH1OTCH LC-
KOHTypbI.
OAHaKO 'npHMeHeHHe LC-#JIbTpOB C03AaeT pxA TeXHH1ieOKHX
TpyAHOCTeii. BBHAy HH3KHX TIaC'TOT KaTyllKa aouKHa '6bITb CO
CTaJlbHbIM CepAegHHKOM. DTO npHBOAHT, Kp0Me 6oJIbnlHx ra6apliTOB
H BeCOB, K 3aTpyAHeHH51M npH pactleTe H HaiiaAKe p'e3OHaHCHbIX
KOHTypOB, TaK KaK Hajio ytlecm, tITO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT tiHcjia OAHO-
BpeMeHHO pa60TalOMHX KaHaJIOB noAMarHHggHBaHHe CepAetIHHKOB
H3MeHHeTC51 B IIIHpOKHX npeAeJlaX. )06pOTHOCTb )Ke KOHTyPOB AOJOK-
Ha 6bITb BcerAa UOCTaTO1IHOfl.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1103TOMY 6bIJIO 6bI }KeJIaTeJIbHO CTpOHTb CHCTeMy 6e3 pe3oHaHC-
HbIX KOHTYPOB c cepAe'4HHKaMH.
LemH(ppaTOp BbIHOJIHSIeT TIaCTOTHOe pa3Ae.IeHHe KaHaJIOB H (pa-
3OBOe AeTeKTHpOBaHHe OTAeJIbHbIX KaHaJIOB. )jJIH BbIHOJIHeHIIH nep-
BOYI 3aaa,4H CJIy3KHT LC-(mHJIbTp, AJIH BbIHOJIHeHHH BTOpOcI - (pa30-
BbIIi aeTeKTOp.
IIOCJIeAHHIt, KaK H3BeCTHO, BbIAeJIHeT B CBOCII BbIXO, LHOYI ijenH
HOCTO51HHYIO COCTa,BJIHIOHlylO TOKa, npOHOpUHOHBJIbHYJO KOCHHYCY
yrJIa CJ.jBHra 4 a3 BXOjjHOrO H OHOpIIOI'O HaHpHXKeHHII OAHHaKOBOA
T3 a CTOTbI .
Ho, HOMHMO 3TOIi riOCTO THHOR COCTBBJIHIOLUeFI, (4Ja3OBbIIi ReTeKTOP
B HeKOTOpbIX cjiygaHX BbIAeJIHeT nOCTOHIIHYK) COCTaBJIHK)IUYIO H npH
PHc. I. BnoK-cxema vaCTOTHO-cpa3OBOrO ycTpoHCTBa TeJIe-
yHpaBneHHSI MEM.
r?epaBHbIX gacToTax. EcmH 6bI y)laJiOCb pacCtnlTaTb q)a30BbIR AeTeK-
TOp, BbIAeJIHK)HI,HII nOCTOHHHyIO COCTaBJIHK)IUY}O TOJIbKO npH COBHa-
AeHHH TIaCTOT, TO 3TOT 3JIeMeHT CTa.TI 6b1 TIaCTOTHO-(pa3OBbIM ,aeTeK-
TOpOM, nepeA KOTOpbIM ()HJIbTp H3JIHHIeH. PaCCMOTPHM nO3TOMy 4)a-
30BbIII AeTeKTOp B 6oJiee o6ineM pe}KHMe, KorJa TIaCTOTa BXOJjHOrO
IIafp5I}KeHHT5I Mo}KeT OTJIHTIaTbCSI OT qaCTOTbI OnOpHOI'O.
(Da30gYBCTBHTeJIbHbbe CxeMbl, pa60Taiouwe B TaKOM pe}KHMe, Ha-
XOASIT HIHpOKOe HpHMeHeHHe B BbICOKOLIBCTOTHOM TeJIe )OHHpOBaHHH
H IIOCHT Ha3BaHHe npeo6pa3oBaTei1eci TlacToTbl.
HccJIeayeM KOJIbUeByIO cxeMy, HMeiouiyio J IT npeHMynjeCTB
riepej apyrHMH. DTa cxeMa H3o6pax(exa Ha puc. 2.
KaK npaBHJIO, luol maxc >> I u'I maxc. B 3TOM cjiyiae MO?KHO Hpxf-
McIIHTb McTOA YnpaBJIHeMbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHII. CYLUHOCTb 3TOro Me-
To,aa 3axJHoTIaeT'CH B n'peAnOJIO}KeHHH, TITO COnpOTHBJIeHHe BeHTHJISI
UOJIHOCTbIO oHpeAe,TIAeTCSI OHOpHbIM Hanp5I?KeHHeM U. TaKHM o6pa-
30M, cxeMa npeACTaBJIHOT Co6oH JIHHei Hylo CHCTeMY C HepeMeHHbI-
MIi napaMeTpaMH, KOTOpble HBJIHK)TCH (4YHKUMIMH BpeMeHH. HCKO-
Mble Be.IH'TIHHbI BbITIHCJIRIOTCH O6bITIHbIMH McTOAaMH TeOpHH JIHHeI3-
HbIX 3JIeKTPHTIeCKHX Ijenell.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
143 pnc. 2 BHJI,HO, 4TO COnpOTHBJIeHHe
BI -r (+ u), B2=r (+ u)B3=r(-uo), B4=r(.-uo).
Ha OCHOBe cxeMbl noJlytiaeM:
[r(-uo)-r (+uo)]u, __ (1)
2R [r (-I- uo) + r (- u0)] + r (+ uo) r (- u)
r 5IBJI51 TC51 npOH3BOAHOI3 (~yHKUHeli XapaKTepHCTHKH BbinpHMHTe-
Jiei3. 11pn 6oJlbunlx aMnJInTyJi,ax onopuoro HanpH}KeHHH npHHSITO
3aMCHHTb xapaKTepHCTHKy
LC 12_ L9 BeHTI-IJIH JIOMaHOii JlnHneii
(4yHKunR r npn06peTaeT
BHJj, H306pa}KeHHbIH Ha pHC.
3, 6. O6o3HagnM:
uo =Uosin al,
1 ,l4,
Cxeia 3aMeuuenn51 KoJlblleBoro je-
TeKTOpa.
al -cut;
u~=Ucsina.,,
a,=ncut+cp;
n B pe}KHMe 9acTOTHO-
(pa3oBOT0 JzeTeKTOpa - ue-
JIOe LiHcjio HJIH o6paTHoe
3Ha9eHne uejioro gncjia.
uc - nanpH>KeHHe cHrHana; uo - onopnoe HanpH>Ke-
Hne; R - aKTHeHoe conpoTHBneHHe; B1, B2, Bs, B4 -
BbinpHn+HTenH C O,RHHaKOBOSS xapaKTepHCTHKO5.
Tor)ja conpOTHBJIeHHe BeHTHJlell Bblpa}KaeTCSl B TaKOM BHae:
r (+ Ito) = rn 2 r3 + rn 2 r3 v (t);
r3 - rn r3 v (t)
Y (- u ) = rn 2 2
IIepeKJilo,ialoujaH (3yHKUHSI V (t) 113o6paxcena Ha pHc. 4.
TOK Harpy3KH nPHHHMaeT BHa:
_ (r3 - rn) y (t) uc
to 2R(rn+r:4)+rnr3
BbIpa3HM v (t) pUjoM (Dypbe
00
(t) - 4 sin ka>t
a k
k .. 1, 3, 5....
H rIOACTaBHM B Bblpa}KeHHe i, .
156
(2)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
floc.ne HeKOTOpblx r.peo6pa3OBaHHIi nOJIyiIHM:
iK=Q
3
O
n
i e Q=a(2R(rn+rs)-}'r,,
I43 Bblpa}KeHHSI (3) CJIeJiyeT, YTO nOCTOIHHaH cocTaB.nxlolaaH
onpejie nSieTCSI 3HaxieHHeM n, H6o OHa fOSIBJISIeTCI npH ycJIOBHH
Q
(3)
r? -1
6)
PHC. 4. I-pac)HK nepeKAl04a10-
a eH (PyHKI[HH.
PHC. 3. IIpH6JIH}KeHHble XapaKTepHCTHKH Bbl-
npBMHTeJIB npH B03J.>,e$CTBHn nepeMeHHOrO
Hanpwx{eHHH 6OJIbIIIOit aMHJIHTyJLbl. n = k. TaK KaK k npHO6-
CL -BOJIbTaMnepHaK XapaKTepHCTHKa; 6 - rpad)HK peTaeT 3HatieHHH He4eT-
C0Hp0TBBJIeHHB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HaflpS)KeHHB. HbIX uejibix 4Hceii OT HYJI51
jio 6eCKOHeq-IHOCTH, TO nO-
CTO IHHaSi COCTaBJISIK)IIiaSI B03HHKaeT npH n = 1, 3, 5 H COCTaBJISIeT
lK = Q COS
n
E
flpH jipyrHX 3Haqexnsix n
iK_=0.
C.nytiai n =I COOTBCTCTByeT COBna aeHHIO qaCTOTbI BXOJ[HOTO H
OnOpHOro HanplI}KeHHIi H cxeMa, BblJieJISISI nOCTOSIHHyIO COCTaBJIHIO-
IIiylo C BeJIHPIHHOI3 l K= = Q COS p, OCyHieCTBJIHeT q)a30Boe jieTeKTH-
pOBaHHe. aJISI BbInOJIHeHHSI ~iaCTOTHOrO pa3jie.IeiiH5I Heo6Xoj tiMO BbI-
nOJIHeHHe jiOnOJIHHTeJIbHOrO yCJIOBHSI: npH 1=0 n=1=1. 3TO
ycJIOBHe, KaK CJiej[yeT H3 BbluIeCKa3aHHOrO, He yJ[OBJIeTBOpHeTCSI.
OHO yjLOBJIeTBOPHJIOCb 6bI TOJIbKO B TOM cJiyqae, ecJIH Bblpaxce-
HHe (3) HMejio 6bI TaKOII BHii:
iK = c [cos (nwt + (P - wt) - cos (nwt + + (0t)] =
= c sin (nwt -}- y) sin wt, (4)
T. e. TOK HarPy3KH aomKeH 6bITb nponopIuHOHaJIeH npOH3BeJteHHIO
BXOjLHOrO H OnOpHoro HanpoI KeHHIt. DTOT 3I JJCKT MO)KHO nOJIy9HTb
B (pa301YBCTBHTeJIbHbIX cxeMax, cojiep}Kaii nx 3JIeMeHTbI C KBajipa-
TnnHOI3 XapaKTepFCTHKOH.
`k [cos (nwt -]- y - k(ot) -- cos (nwt -f- + kwt)],
)U
-r
2(r
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
FipHMeM xapaKTepHCTHKy BeHTHJIH BHAa pxc. 5:
i =au+but;
di
di = a + 2bu;
Ar
du
r-di-a}2bu
Ranee, B cxetile pHc. 2
r(+uj= 1
a+buo 3
r (- uo) = a bu
v
a) I 6) IIOJLCTaBHB BTH Bblpa}KeHHB B
PHc. 5.
a - KBa2(paTLI4Has BoJIbTaMHepxaA 'apaITe- 2buou,
pHCTHKa BeHTHJ12; 6 - f pa4)HK COHpoTHBJ7eHHR (5)
BeHTH.7A. K 1 -r- 4aR
3TOT pesyJIbTaT HoJIy'-IaeTCH TaK Ke H B c nyTiae JIIo60r0 3Ha9e-
HHH OHOpHOTO Halp51}KeHHSI H COOTBeTCTBeHHO He Tpe6yeTCH paiee
OrOBOpeHHoro OrpaHH'IeHHH 0 TOM, TO u, gOJDKHo 6blTb MHOrO
McHbuJe uo.
Ha OCHOBe cxeMbl pHc. 2 MO}KHO HanHcaTb CJIeay1owHe ypaBHeHHH:
ul=-uK+ 2 u,-~ I uo,
(6)
u4+U,, + 2 uc - 2 uo.
uK = tKR.
il-aul+bui , 1
i2=au2+bu2
i3=au3+bu3, }
2 I
i4 = au4 -{- bu4
L i3 + 4),
(il+i2-i3-14),
ix-il- i2+i3-i4.
(7)
(8)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
u +uK - -J uc + 2 uo,
iii--llH- 2 uc 2 uo,
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Bblpa3uB 113 3THX ypaBHeHNH iK, noJIygMM.
= 2b
lK 1 --- 4aR llo llc'
U0 = Uo cos a,.= U,, cos wt,
u, = U, Cos a2 = U, cos (nwt +
p),
(10)
JjJIA TOKa foJIyquM: b lK = l -}- 4aR U"Uc [cos (wt - nwt -- gyp) + cos (wt + nwt + f)]. (11),
1Zpn n 1 nOCTOSIHHaH COCTaBJISIIoujaH orcyTCTByeT.
flpx n ==I TOK cocTaBJISIeT:
b
b 1K = 1 -}- 4 aR U,,UC COs P -I- 1 -t- 4aR U,,Uc cos (2wt + ~)? (12)
,]O cMX hop ILJIfT ynpolueHUa aua nu3a 6bIJIO npearioao>KeHO, LITO
Harpy3Ka R LIMCTO aKTHBHaH. Ho He npeaCTaBJIxeT Tpy,gHOCT14 onpe-
Jje,neHne TOKa HaI'py3KH npH JIIO6oM JIHHeIIHOM Harpy30gHOM COnpo-
THBJIeHHH. ECJin, HanpuMep, Harpy3Ka o6JIa,gaeT HHJjyKTHBHOCTbIO L,
KpOMe aKTIIBHOFO COnpOTHBJIeHHH R, TO B ypaBHeHHe (7) BMeCTO
uK = iKR CJIejjyeT noCTaBHTb u,, = iKR + L diK
143 CI-ICTeMbI ypaBHeHNHI (6)-(9) nOJIy'-INTCR all*epeHuHaJIbHOe
ypaBHeHne:
4aL dtK + (1 +4aR) iK =2buou
OgeBHAHO, IITO npF n =I HOCTOHHHaM cOCTaBJISIFOHjan paBHa: b tK= 1 + 4aR U,,Uc COS Y.
flepeMeHHasl cocTaBJIAK)IuaH pasha:
(13)
i - - b U U cos (2wt -{- ';lA HelC3B;'CTrl1,1d111.
1lanpHMep, npH paultycc flu~IIHl, pa r-0,011 H 4r-F( u0O i<
>y 10-12 I~/,YI CHCTCMa HMeCT CJIC~2yt(,LgHM BHJ.j:
10,; 9668410 -}- 1 ,02156221
210708r2
+
1 ,999J0q.
9 , 5756162? + 7,630313t1
+ 0, 74843912
+
5 , 54931 q3 - 1
()()0;
8,2785917(, - 6,79070721
+ 4,67751922
-1-
20, 1244283 .=
1 000;
5,991,171-,(,-4- 4,69,5323-:1
-f- 3,049516%
+ 100, 5')000g3 = 1000.
PeLHHB 3Ty CHCTeMy MCTO4OM llOCJle)jOBaTe.,'1b1lbIx HCKJIK)9eH1
;IC113BCCTHbIX, riOJly9a(1Nl 3HaTIeHHH COOIBCTCTByIOWHX 3apH)gOB H
O4CBHJUIO, HT,) noTe11UHaj1 KOHTpOJIbHbIX roqeK ! =0, 1, 2, 3
MO?{{HO 33HHCaTb KaK JIIIHellHy.o a'Ire6pairiccKy.o JyI1KuH.0 3apaljon:
PHC. 3. K pacveTv cpeuxero
To=92,292.10-12 KIM;
T1= 10,8"8. 10-12 KIM;
22=20,410.10-12 K/M;
q = 3,33348.10-12 K.
PeweHHe o6paTHON 3a,4agr1 TeoplH
noTenw-a,na L{a 3TOM 3aKOHrleno.
Ka}K,abI1 143 JIHHe13Hb1x 3ap5{AOB 'Cj C03JIaeT Fla 60KOBOIi noBepx-
I{OCTH fHJIHHJjpa HeKoTopb1I4 CpeAHHII nOTeHw4aJI p,p, , KOTOpb1I3 Bbl-
4HCJIHM KaK HHTerpaJi n0 OTpe3Ky npHM01%I, napaJ1JleJlbxox OCH 2
(pHc. 3):
d d
1 _ 2 1 14z' 1-z'
T ~/ 1 - 4ree? d-b f ~d2/ 47-,EEO d - b J L Al sh r, }Arsh r, I d2'=
4ree d b [(1 -}- d) Arsh 1 r d - (/(1 d)2 -}- r'2 -
-(1-d)ArshI rd-} j/(1-d)2-}-ri2-
- (1 + b) Arsh 1 r b -} 1/(1 -+ -- b)2 --- ri2 +
+(I - b) Arsh 1 - b - l/' (1- bp+ ri2 1 .
r' J
(3)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Cpe;IHHFi rIJTeHu`-iaJI n) 60KOBJA IIOBepXHOCTiI u`IJIHH ipa
Tt)t1e9Hb1X HCTOIIHHKOB q3 paBeH:
21
_ 4a I dz _U3
~cp3 2 4nee, 21 r2 _t z2 4neeol
Arsh z
r
0
Q" Arsh21
4ne1 r
Ilpe,LeJibl HHTerpHpOBaHHU d H b, cooTBeTCTBy;oHwHe
(4)
KpaiHUM
TWIKaM Bcero UHJIHHAPa no JIJIHII(, Bblpa}KeHbl B OTHOCHTe IbHbIX
e;uiuuiuaX, TaK >Ke KaK Z' H r'.
IIpH T =0,01 BbIgHCJIeHHSI Aaji:3 c ie;jyiou ee 3Ha4ICHIle cpe4HerO
noTeHuim,'m 60KOBOR UOBepXHOCTH UHJIHIHUpa:
-
YcP 4Tc, 17070 + 71 --1 + a272 + 0'3q3]
1 [9,993TO+3,7161, +0,797T.,+5,991g3] = 10-12998,68 [B].
4nEE? 47czzi
IloJlygleHHOe HliCJiJ BOCb]Ma 6JIH3KO K npHHOTOMy payee 3Ha,IC-
12
HIIiO nJTeHui'laJia KOHTpOJIbabIX TOIIeK (101 1 000 [B] ), nero II ciie-
4eeo
fJ,OBauO o?KHAaTb. IIpH 60JIb1neM qnC,Ile HCH3BeCTHbIX BbIIIHCJIeHHA 110
i4o7MyJIaM (3) Il (4) MoryT BOBCe He noTpe6oBaTbco.
CyMMa 3apSIJjOB, C03Aafommx 3TOT nOTeHuHaJI:
Q=2110+41iCi+412t2+2q3=2.92,292+0,8.10,808+
+0,2.20,410+2.3,33348==203,979,10-12 [K].
IloreHuHaJIbHbIFI Ko9: 41NuHenr 0J 1HOgH0F0 uHJIHH,apa nuJIy'IaeM
+:alc oTllolueHHe
1p = 1 93765 1 4,89598 [e JK].
4ne_f1
Q 4ne_? 203,979
Ko3(xIJnuHeHT a = 4nse, 4neeo 4,99647 [6'K] COOTBeTCTByeT H3-
geCTHOMy B JIHTepaType [JI. 11, HaH60Jiee HPOCTOMY ycpeAHeHv o
IIOTeHuHaJla OT 0,HOrO JIHHIb JIHHeIIHOro 3apRAa TO H BbITIHCJIeH no
BbIpa7KeHHIO
_ I 1 2l r
a F 4nei [Arsh r - (2! )2 1 -{- 2l (5)
CJIeAOBaTeJlbFIO, name 6oJlee T04HOe 3Hageyne noTeHuHaJlbHoro
KO9((HuHeHTa Ha 2,01 % HH}Ke nepnoro npH6J1HxceHHH no (5).
rlo.lo6Hble pacqeTbl npoBeaeHbI AJIH CeMH pa3JIHqHbIX pa1HyCOB.
Ha pmc. 4 npHBeaeHa 3aBHCHMOCTb IIOHH}KeH11H COnpOTHBJIeHH11
paCTeKaHHIO B npoueHTaX no CpaBHeHHIO C o6IueH3BeCTHOFi I)OpMy-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
,noi (5). uJ1H HHxcenepxbix paC~IeTOB B CJlyvae Heo6xoaHMocTH y4H-
TbIBaTb 3Ty nonpaBKy MO?KeNI peKOMeHJOBaTb CJIeJyionuHif HOpBTOK
BbIgHCJIeHHH: BbhIHCJIHTb nepBoe npH6JIH?KeHHe no (5) c JIK)6ofi }Ke-
JiaeMON TOgHOCTblO, 3aTeM n3 rpad1]HKa pi- c. 4 HanTH nonpaBKy I
It OKOHLIaTeJIbHO
a = ", (1 - ~ (6)
100 .
11pi paCHeTe COHpOTHBJICHHH paCTeKaHHio Tpy6liaToro 3a3eMJIIJ-
Te.nH 3HageHHe 0:' no CpaBHeHrIO C 4)oprynnoif (5) cJleJyeT yMHO}KHTb
0,001 0,002 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05 Of
PHc. 4. IlonpaBKa K noreHUnaJlbltoMy K0344HUHeHTy o1jHH0gHoro
IIHJIHH/jI)3 KOHe'LHo I AJ1HHbI HJIH K COnpOTHBJIeHHIO paCTeKanmo
Tpy6~iaToro 3a3eMJIHTe.IH.
Ha 2, TaK KaK B HII}KHeM no iynpOCTpaHCTBe paCTeKaeTCSI fOJiOBHHa
o6EUerO TOKa, a Ha4 HOBCpXEIOCTbIO 3eMJIH HMeeM TOJIbKO 3epKaJIbHO
o'ro6pa}KeHHyIO CHCTeMy. BMeCTO 8e0 HeoOxoJIHMo nOJ cTaBHTb yJ>;eJlb-
HVIO npOBOJHMOCTb rpyHTa x. CJIeJOBaTeJIbHO, noJlyilaeM:
21 i r 2 o
R' Arsh - - + 1 ? [oAc] R ' ( 1 ~ ~?
2.W r (21 21 = R-100)
(6')
Ecinll Heo6xo1j1Mo ygecTb BJIHHHHe 3axpyrJleHH5I 3KBHHOTeHuHa-
JIH BOKpyr KOHUa uHJIHHIjpa, noJEygaIou eFic 1 npH npeJJIaraeMo i
cxeMe pacYeTa, To Ha116oJiee 'npocTO (Ho H HaH6o.nee rpy6o) 3T7
MOJI(HO CJIeJIamb cJleJyioIurTM o6pa3OM: BMeCTO JjefCTBHTeJlbHON
JU'HHbI UHJIHHJpa II1151 HOJ(CTaHOBKH B (popMyJEy (5) B3ITb paCLIeT-
HyIO JIJIHHy (pHc. 5)
'pact =1- 0,75 r.
(7)
fIpe.LLJnaraeMan CxeMa pacuel'a JIaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb HCHOJIb3OBBTb
pe3yJ1bTaTbl npOBeJIeHlloro pauieTa JJESI JHO6bIX npOMe?KyTOT-IHbrX
IG8
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3HageHIIH pa,Hyca, He no- lpacv ~~
BPOPHH TpyJZOeMKOPO CocTa- o / l 3
BJIeHHSI H peiLIeHHSI CHCTe-
MbI ypaBHeHHH. I
3Haq,eHHg nonpaBOK
H?JIb3H CT-I,HTaTb CJOBep'meH- PHc. 5. (DaKTH9eCKaH (1) H pac4eTHa I (Ipacq)
HO TOTIHbIMH. COFJIa'CHO AJIHHbi uHJIHHApa npH yveTe 3aKpyrneHH51
HpHH'U.H Iy MHHyMyMa IIO-
TeHuHaJIbHOH 3HeprHH npH
OBO6OAHOM pacn'p?AeJie'HHH 3apSIA'OB CJIe.yeT O}KHAaTb, 4TO 3TH 110-
npaB?KH HeCKOTIbKO 3aHH}K'eHbl. Bojiee TO,IIHble norIpaBKH npH Heo6XOAn-
MOCTH Mo3KHO 6bIJIO-6bI BbILIH'CJIHTb M) Toli 3Ke paCCMOTpeHH'OI3 cxeMe
paCtieTa, np 16erasl K CHCTeMaM ypaBHeHHH C 6OJIblIIHM tIHCJIOM Me-
PHC. 6. OTHOWeHHe CyMMbI AOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX 3apHAVB K OCHOB-
HOMy JIHHeSHOMy 3apHAy fOCTOHHHOI3 n.'IOTHOCTH.
113BeCTHbIx, HanpaMep 20 HJIH 100. B paCCMOTP HH0M HaMH aHana3o-
He H3MeHeuae pa.Hyca 0,001 -I- < 0,1 noHpaBKa Ha ConpoTHBJIe-
HHe paCTeKaHHFIO MeasleTCH B npeueJzax OT 0,58 Ao 7% H CTanasHT-
csI McHbIIIeI-i 1 % P. t < 0,003.
IIpeaCTaBJISIeT HHTepec, XOTH H 6oJlee TeopeTagecKHIi, ewe OjjHH
BeJIHgHHa: OTHO1IeHIHe ao6aiBWIHbIX 3apHjjwB, pacnpeaejIeHHbIX B
KOHuaX uHJIHHjjpa, K OCHOBHOMY JIHHecHOMy sapsljjy, pacnpeAeJleH-
HOMy nO Bcei JinHHe uuJIH'H,2pa. 3TOT Ko4xkHuHeHT H36bITKa 3a-
pHAOB ' 3o' XapaKTepH3YIOMHH HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpejieJIeHHsl
3apH, OB HO AJIHHe uiJIHHApa, yMeHbujaeTCSI npH ymeHbIITeHHH pa-
Anyca uHJIHHjjpa H npeBblmlaeT BeJIHLHHy A B 4-10 pa3. HanpH-
Mep npH paAHyce r = 0,01 1 Ko30imvieHT 1136bITKa 32PHAOB paneli
10,51%, Torua KaK A=2,01% (pnc. 6).
f oc ie TOM KaK HaHAeHbl 3HatleHH3I To, TI, T2 H q3, BbItIHCJIeHHe
fOTeHUHaJIa B Jno6oc TOTIKe npocTpaHCTBa y)Ke He npe)ZCTaBJIHeT
TpyAHOCTeF; CJieayeT JIHHIb BbITIHCJIHTb no 4IopMyne (4) COCTaBJIAIO-
LuHe nOTeHuHaJIa, o6yCJIOBJICHHble Ka}KAb1M H3 TIHHeIlHbIX 3apl;jOB
B OTjjeJIbHOCTH.
,qJIH KOHKpeTHOH OueHKH TpyAoeMKOCTH BbITIIICJIeHH)H HO paCCMaT-
pHBaeMOMy McTOAy npHBejjeM CJieAyrowHe aaHHble. BbITIHCJIeFIHe KO-
,4(pHuHeHTOB CHCTeMbI ypaB'HeHHH C geTbIpbMSI He'143BeCTHbIMH noTpe-
6oBaJlo 276 apH(pMeTH4ecKHX onepauHH, peHlellne - 62, nponep-
Ka - 28, HTOro 366 apH*MeTHTl CKHX onepauHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Haxo3KgenHc Bed1HiHHbI no 'IepTe)Ky nJln Ta6JIHue npupaBHeno
(UIHOMy apn(]JMeTHhieCKOMy JIeRCTBHio. Bblgncjienne cpej[Hero noTeH-
uHaJia noTpe6oBaJlo 85 apuCJMeTrgecKux onepauH 1. fIpH yBe.nHne-
UIFm Linciia Heu3BeCTIIbIx TpyJ(oeMKOCTb BbILIHCJIeHHM 6yJjeT B03pa-
CTaTb npHMepHo npOnopuHoHaJIbHO KBaJ1,paTy LIHCJIa HeH3BeCTHbIX
n1?H cocTaB.neHlln ypaBI{eniiR H Ky6y - npH peuieiin.
2. Pac9eT McTOjjOM KOHCgHbIIX pa.3HOCTe
lpHHUHnnaJIbHO Jjpyr,12 B03M0>KHOCTb LIHCJIeHHOFO paCLIeTa no.ii
O,I,HHOLIHoro WHJIHHApHLIeCKOrO BJIeKTpoJa 3aKJI!OLIaeTCH B TOM, LITO
BMeCTO aH(p(]IepenLuHaJIhnnro ypaBHeHHSI nOJISI pemaeM 000TBeTCT-
BVIOHjyFO CIPCTeMy a,ire6pai4LieCKIIX ypaBHeHH11. PacTIeT 3aTpyjjHSleT-
CH -rem, LITO nOCTaBJIennasl HaMH 3aaaga BHeIIIHSFA, H o6JIacTb, B Ko-
TopOI'I iimeM nOTeHuHaJI, npoCTHpaeTCH AO 6eCKOHeTIHOCTH. B npaK-
TI4Ke MoJ e.nHpOBa1IHFF nojie}i CeTKaMF4 JgHCKPCTI-IbIX 3JFeKTpHLIeCKHX
COHpOTHBJIeHHI1 H3 3TOrO 3aTpyAHeHHH BbIXOAAT BBeAeHHeM HeKOTO-
pou nogxoaH ueli KpIIHOJ1HIeNH01i CHCT'eMbI O606meHHb!X KOOPJjHHaT
IT 4]
B pa6oTe [.11. 5] n0K33au0, 'ITO npH HpHMeHeHHH KPHBOJIHHecIHbIX
CeTKK, npH6JIH)KeHH0 COBnaaaIou_mx C KaPTHHOF3 n0JI9, KOJIHLIeCTBO
;ILIeeK MO)KeT 6bITb 3HaT4HTeJIbHO coKpameHO. B HaCTOd r ei pa60Te
6VAeM nojiaraTb, LITO noTeHuna.P. B HCCJIeJjyeMo1 o611,CTIi (pHC. 10)
COCTOHT H3 ABYX COCTBBJIIK)njHX:
Y =- ?' + c" (8)
3a (p' Bbl6epeM noTeHuHaJI T04e'lHorO 3apHJJa, noMenjeHHOrO B Ha-
KaJIe KOOPAHHaT, H Ha3OBeM ero rJ1aBHoI4 cOCTaBJISIIOHjei3. CeTKy
,1,J1i4 LiHCJIeHHOrIO paclieTa nJIH MOJi,eJIHpOBaHHn noa6epeM TaK, LITO6bI
paCLIeT no Heit aaBaJi a6COJIlOTHO TOLIHbII{ pe3yJIbTaT npH HaJIHLDHH
TOJIbKO rJIaBHOfI COCTaBJ15,aoMei'I (p'. Ha30BeM (p" COCTaBJISIK)ni,eH HC-
KaiKeHHSI. OHa B03HtiIKae.T 113-3a OTJIHLIHII nOBepXHOCTH UHJIHH.2 pa OT
C()epbl. flpH Bb16ope (])OpMbI CeTKH ee YLII4TbIBaTb He 6yAeM. fIo-
9TOMy BCH IOrPeIHHOCTb pacLleTa npll TaKOI! CCTKe 6yTeT 06VCJIOBJIe-
iia TOJIbKO COCTaB.15IK)Iljeli HCKa}KeHu4.q (p".
B OTJIHLIHe OT [JT. 5] 6yaeM HCKaTb np,eo6pa3oBaHHe KOOpj[HHaT
B BHJje allaJIHT14LIeCKorO BbIpa)KeHHII, r103BOJ15noL [erO BMeCPO CeTKH
npOH3BOJIbHOIi (pOpMbl nOJIy4HTb paBHOMepHyK).
a) Ilpeo6pa3oeaHue KOOpdutcam. YpaBHeHHe Jianjiaca B C()epH-
IeCKO1i CHCTeMe KOOpf(HIIaT (pnc. 7) HMeeT cnejjyfou n BHA:
_ 1 d z 09y I r) 1 o2y
R2 d R (R d R) + W2 st 06 00 sin b + Rz sin2 a daj = 0. (9)
1 Tcc IeAyeM, KaK IO (4OpMy npHMeT ypaaneHHe (9) npH aerie
He3aBHCHMO{i nepeMeHHON R Liepe3 RI. 5yaeM CLIHTaTb, LITO CTapasi
H HOBahl nepeMeHHble
Ii\IHO-O,,HO3HagH0fI H
B paccMaTPHBaeMOM HHTepBa.ne CB513aHbI B3a-
HenpepblBH013 (~yHKuHeci
R, = R, (R).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PH --, 7. C4epHaee,=2(1-x2)'2-2(1-x2)312+1. (28)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
000
U"l
o00
b \ ~
0
1
\
1
10
0
0
7
00
50!
0
O
L '
~
20
3
!
1
1
r
xI~
/
1
~
O`
100
~
15
1 -
,5
W
15
50
~I
I~
F
E~
F
O s
V T
O
0o e
m
') C
BblpaxceHHe J JIq m1 ripii 3TOM MO}KeT 6biTb nOJiy'eHO, eCJIH HC-
nOJ1b3OBaTb (17) B (24):
3 Hc 1
(I - x2)3I2 ~? sin w't' ) -}- (1 xo )3/> _x2)312
m1=-
3 1 -j- (1 - x2) 12
1n -- -(1 x2)/2
x
(29)
187
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
UU
IU
~~
<
--
u~`
m=1000
;
1000
o
....... .....
o
-
~
'
'
Io
to S
too:
5U
U
0
5~
T I
~~
\ ~
0001!=pry
~~
G -
too
os
?oi
D
00! ; m
H
E F~ E~
I 1 I
I
i
0
0
0
c} ? o
o o
? ? `O m o
06LuHfi MarHTFITHbII-I MOMeHT B 3TOM CJiyiae npeLCTaBJISIeTCH CyMMO13
BblpaxseHnll (28) H (29).
Ha pHc. 4,6 nO,CTpOeHbl KpHBble 3aaBHCHMOCTH m1, m2 H M OT C
AJIH BTOpOI'O HOJlynepHoIja. B OTJIHqHe OT nepBOro noJlynepHoaa
m1 npH x=1 (HaLIaJIo npouecca) Tenepb B CooTBeTCTBHH C HOBbIMH
HatiaJIbHbIMH YCJIOBHHMH HMeeT H3JIeBOe 3HagIeHne.
3a3HCHMOCTb m2(x) Tenepb 'y}Ke He BbIpa?KaercR eaHHOII KpHBOII;
AJISI Ka}KJ[OII > gaCTOTbI, npH KOTOpOIi B nepBOM no.Jlyne-
pHOJ e map He IIOJIHOCTbIO nepeMarlHTHJICH, HMeeTCH CB051 KpHBaSi.
188
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1000
y
\`
a =1000
m l0~
loo
\
,ooi
5p
50
.
E
E
~ I
'. ~ a
a ~ ? a
o n
o
ro
1~
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oo
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t
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c
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5
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~
F E F
1. I I
1 Yjf
1
e) TpeTUU u citedytougue noJtynepuoabt. B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeM,
LITO 6bIJIo CKa3aHO 0 TpeTbeM noJlynepHo e B npeabijymeM napa-
rpacpe, nojIygeHbI BbIpa}I{eHmi A.TISI m1 H A051 M2:
(1 - x2)'11
(J m1=- 3 X
3 Ho ~C 1 2 3 2 3/z 311
sinwt , ~+ -(1-xo)/1+!1_x )-~1-x2) ()
2) / l 30
x 'l_ 1+(1-x
In x -(1 x2)11
m2=2(1 -x2)3/2-2(1 _x2)3/2+2(1 -x')'/2 - 1. (31)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3TH ypaBlleHHSI CnpaBeRJIHBbI J JIH X1 - X 1. HeTpyaHO BH1 eTm,
'ITO KorRa (ppOHT BOJIHbI ROCTHraeT x=Xi, TO 3TH YCJIOBHH BbIp03K-
JaIOTC51 B ypaBHeHHSI (25) H (22) nepaoro no,nynepnoaa.
KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH MI, !m2 H M OT x aJI51 TpeTbero nOJlyne-
PHOaa I0CTpoenbI Ha plc. 5,a.
Rim c.aeJjylomHx lieTHbIX noJlynepHOaoB CnpaBeaJrHBbI ypaBHe-
111151 BTOPOPO noJrynepnoj a, a J JIH HeiieTHbIx - TpeTbero no,nyrle-
plioaa.
Ha pHc. 5,6-e nocTpoeHbI KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH MI, m2 ~H M
CT x aim 7IeTBepToro, n5ITOr0 H IIIeCTOrO nOJIyrIepHOJ(OB.
CpaBHeHHe coOTBeTCTByIOIHHx KPHBbrx T-IeTBepToro m IHeCTOrO
[OdIynePHOaOB HOKa3bIBaeT, TIT'O OHH JTLILUb He3Ha'IHTeJIbHO OTJIH-
. - ho.m
10510 ` 0~ a=1 I i
'
i 'A IMP
/ J 10000 ~ -
5 / h I
ZA l,L,
~r\ Z,~r 00 3ar 4~z 0 S.T 6~r
X00 ~~ ~ ~~ ~ 00 OOb ~ ~
rn
Liaiorex apyr OT Rpyra. ORHaKO 3T0 He SIBJIHeTC51 noKa3aTeJleM TO-
ro, TO npouecc 6JIH3OK K yCTaHOBHBIHeMyCH pexcHMy. B RaHHOM
cmyLIae 3T0 rOBOPHT o6 o6paTHOM: ripouecc McJJIeiHHO ycTaHaBJIH-
BaeTCH; TeM McRJIeHHee (B Te'IeHHC 60Jlbinero TIHCJIa nepHORO'B), LIeM
Bb1IIIe 'IaCTOTa.
Ha pHc. 6 HOCTPOeHbI KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH o6luero MarmHTHOro
MOMeHTa M OT BpeMeHH ,TJIH Tex ?Ke 3HaLI?eHHII TIaCTOTbI, TITO H BbIHIe.
iIIJIH yao6CTBa CpaBHeHH1H KPHiBbIX OHH I1OCTPOeHbI He B CpYHKIZHH V,
a B CJYHKHIIH W't'. Ha 3TOM }Ke pHCyHKe 'HaHece'Ha KPHBaH HanpH-
}KeHHOCTII BHCIIIerO nOJIH (tae).
flpH C HH3KOII> LIaCTOTe, KOr,Ia BeCb map ycneBaeT nepeMaPHH-
THTbC5T, 3TH KpHBble HMe1OT BHJ[ TpaneuHH. I-1eM HH}Ke 'IaCTOTa, TeM
B TewHHe 6'OJIbLHei1 T-IaCTH nepHola MOMeHT HMeeT HOCT05IHHOe
(MaKCHMaJIbnoe) 3HmieHHe. HpH TIaCTOTe, KOraa Heap TOJIbKO ycne-
BaeT HepeMarHHTHTbCSI, H HpH 6OJIee BbICOKHX 'IaCTOTaX MOMeIIT CO-
XpaHHeT HOCTOBHHOe 3Ha'eHHe (yila'CTOK be KPHBOII J JIH W'= 1 000
14 allaJIOr14IHble y'TaCTKH )ipyrHX KpHBbIX) JIHIHb B Te'ICIIHC BpeMeIIIT,
Heo6Xo,iHMono )JIH TOrO, 1ITO6bI HanpH?KeHHOCTb BHeLHHero nOJIH
H3MeHIIJIaCb Ha 2 He. 3TO nOCTOHHHOe 3Ira'IeHHe MOMeHTa cOOTBeT-
CTBYCT TOMy COCTOHHHIO iuapa, KOrja CppOHT BOJIHbI nepeMarHHgH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BaHH54 (OaHoro HanpaBJfeiHSI) y}Ke oCTaHoBHJICH, a nepeMarHH'IH-
Barme B RpyrOM HanpaBJIeHHH eul;e He Haganocb, T. e. 3TO 3Ha'IeHHe
MOMCHta 06yCJIOBJIe'HO TOJIbKO nGJISIpH3auHeII. KpOMe Toro, B 3TOM
c.nyTaae HOCTOSIHHOe 3HaHeHHe MOMeHTa He SIBJISLe'PCSI MaKCHMaJIbHbIM
(no a6COJIIOTHOII BeJIM HHe), a 061uni MOMeHT 3a C'IeT JfeIIcTBHA
BHXPeBbIX TOKOB npoaoJi}KaeT paCTH (OT TO'rKH C), HeCMOTPSI Ha TO,
'TiTO map y}Ke Ha'laa n,epeMarHHTIHBaTbCSI B UpOTHBOHOJIOx(HOM Ha-
npaBJIeHHH.
I-1eM BblIIe T-IaCTOTa, TeM 60JIbIIIe MarHHTHbIII MOMeHT B CBOeM
H3MeHeHHH OTCTaeT OT BHenIHero nOJISI. IIpn JjOCTaTO'-lHo 6OJIbIIIHX
gaCTOTaX 3T0 OTCTaBaHHe npeBblHIaeT 'IeTBepTb neptioaa.
3. 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMeHTa mapa OT HaHpsuKCHHOCTH
Mej[JICHHO H3MCH5IIOHqcrocsl BHeHIHer0 nOJISI
floj McJ1 TIeHHbIM H3MeHeHHCM BHeHIHero nod'm MbI 3Jje!Cb nOHH-
MaeM TaKOC H3MeHeHHe, KOraa MO}KHO npeHe6pegb MarHHTHbIM MO-
McHTOM, o6ycJIoBJIeHHbIM BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH. gJISI 3TTOrO cJIyTIaH
6bIJIa noJIy4eHa 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMeHTa Hlapa OT HaHpsl-
?KeHHOCTH BHeHIHero no.ISI [J1. 4] (rlpH HaJIII'IHH JBYX O6JIaCTef{ Ha-
MarHH';eHHOCTH) :
H
m - e i . 3.
(32)
YpaBHeHHH (28) H (31) onpejjeamoT MarHHTHbIl%I MOMeHT aJISI
CJIygaeB, Korja CoCTOnHH-e mapa OnpeJjeJISIeTCSI COOTBeTCTBeHHO
TpeMSI H 'IeTbIpbMSI O6JIBCTSIMH HaMarHHTieHHOCTH. BMeCTe c ypaB-
I-ieHHeM (11) H aHaJIOPHT-IHbIM jLJISI TIeThIpex o6JIaCTe13 OHH npHBO,12T
K BaBIPCHMOCTH (32).
CTpyKTypa Bblpa}KeHHII (22), (28) H (31) jjaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb
3aKJIIOgHTb, TITO npll JII06oM 'IHCJie o6JIaCTeff HaMaPHHT-IeHHOCTH 3a-
BHCHMOCTb m OT He Bblpa?KaeTCSt ypaBHeHHeM (132). LITO6bI rlpeJj-
CTaBHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb m (He) B O,LLHOII cHCTeMe KOOp.ru1HaT KaK JjJI54
B03paCTaioiueIII (3HaK -), TaK In jjJISI HHCnaawoLjeII (3HaK +)
BeTBeK neTJIH (pnc. 7), BblpaxxeFHe (32) c.neJjyeT 3arIHCaTb -B BHJje:
He-} tfe
in= J 3 (- 1 Ke B 1kOCTaTO'ImHO MaJ1O'M o6veMe Mo%eT 6b1Tb c;teJ1aHa paBHO1i
:HyJIIO. H3 npeAblAyIuero HCHo, YTo Aim BToro AocTaToMHO Ha TeJIo
BO3AeiCTBOBaTb nepeMeHHbIM rOJIeM HH3KOH qaCTOTbI C McAJIeHIIO
y6bIBarouieH aMnnHTyuoli (2ITo O'6bITIHO H j[eJIa1OT .qAR pa3MarHHTIH-
BaHH6i). MarHHTHbIA MOMeHT np,H BTOM 6yAeT H3MeH5ITbCH no KpHBOH
AB123456 H T. A. AO HyJ151. O6pa3y1oul,Heci npH BTOM pa3HO H.aMar-
HHtPeHHbMe o6JIacTI1 Q, QI, Q2 AOCTaTo14HO MaJIOH TOtnIIjHHbI c ,MaKpO-
PHC. 7. 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMeH-
Ta OT HanpHNKeHHO.:TH Me1(JIeHHO H3Me-
H51IOU(erOCH BHeIUHero nOJiH.
CKOIIH9eCKOH TOTIKH 3peHH3I C03Aa1OT HyJICByio HaMarH!H'4eH-
HOCTb. TaKai CTpyKTypa pa3MarHH11eHHoro TeJia COOTB'eTCTBVeT
()H3HRIeCKOMy COAepxcaHH1O, o'Ha aHaJIOrHTIHa AoMeHHOH CTPYK-
Type (p eppOMarHeTHKOB.
4. 11pejl.BaPHTeJIbHO pa3MarHH4eHHbIH map
PaCCMOTpHM Tenepb HaMarHHTIHBaHHe mapa H3 (peppoMarHeTn-
Ka, XapaKTepH3yeMoro npsIMOyroJIbHOH neTJIeI rHCTepe3HCa, KOTO-
pblh K HatIa.Ry npouecca 6bIJi pa3MarHHLIeH B YKa3aHHOM B npeAbl-
Ay1ueM naparpa(pe CMbICJIe. Onpeae.I51H npOTeKaHHe npouecca
B 3TOM cJIyTlae, MbI MOPJIH 6B1 nOBTOPHTb paccy}KAeHH51, npOBeAeH-
Hble AJI51 npeABapHTeJIbHO HaMarHHwHHOrO ulapa npH cjieAyion x
oco6eHHOCTSIX. TaK KaK B paCCMaTPHBaeMOM CJIyTIae o6JIaeTb Q
pa3MarHHT-IeHa, TO HI paBHa HyJIIO. KpoMe Toro, npH npoABH}KeHHIP
(pPOHTa BOJIHbI HHAVKUHSI Tenepb MeH5IeTC51 He Ha Beii1TIHHy Bcx
a Ha 1/2 Bcx'
Y4eT 3TOrO HPHBOAHT K CJIeAylolueMy Bb1pa3KeHH1O aJI51 CKOPOCTII
ABH}KeHHH (4POHTa BOJIHbI:
dx
dt'-
3-(I -x2)2/2
~
(34)
1-}-(1-x2f/2
x 1 111 x x2)'12 1
3TO Bblpa}KeHHe cnpaBeAJIHBO npH Juo6OH 3aBHCHMOCTH He OT t
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(KOHe9HO, noxa oCTaiOTCH JInUIb RBe o6JlaCTH HaMaFHHTIeHHOC'H 11 nOKa
d' < 0)?
EcJiu Ro HagaJia npouecca (t = 0, x = 1) HanpH3KeUHOCTb BHeIU-
Hero nom 6bIJIa paBHa HyJno, a c MoMeHTa t==0 OHa cTaiia paBHOii
nOCTOHHHO1I BeJluTiuHe H,, TO, cpaBHUBas Bblpa>KeHHH (34) H (1),
MO>KHO CJ[eJiaTb BbIBO,i[, TITO npouecc HaMarHH'IHBaHHf1 (npeABapH-
'I'e JIbHO pa3MarHHTJeHHOTO uiapa) BO BHeUiHeM none HE, npOTeKaeT
C Tofi >Ke CKOpoCTblo, KaK n npouecc nepeMarHII'IIIBaHHH (npeaBapn-
T('JIbHO HaMarHH4eHHoro Biapa) BO BHeIHHeM nom H' = 2He
H, 3 (B LIaCTHOCTH, KOTJI,a He - H, = 3 , B o60Hx CJIy'iaFix
paBHbI H CKOPOCTII H B036y>KJ[aIOlune noJIH).
IO3TOMy HeT Heo6XOJ[IIMOCTn BbI4HCJI5ITb Ii IIHTerpnpOBaTb BbI-
pa>KeHHe (34), a MO KHO BOCHOJIb3OBaTbCH HOCTpOeHHbIMH paHee Xa-
paKTCPHCTHKaMH [A. 4], CgHTaf, 'ITO napaMeTpy K3 3THX XapaKTC-
PHCTIIK Tenepb COOTBeTCTByeT OTHOBIeHHe 3 fH .
JJIH CHHyCOHJ1.aJIbHOrO H3MeHB1OHjerOCH BHeluHero fOJIH Bblpa>Ke-
Hne (34) npHMeT BHJ[:
3 s
dx (Ho sin w't' -- Hc) -- (1 - x2)
d-P I + (1 X X2)'/z_ x2)'12 (35)
x In
--(1 --
CJIepyeT oTMeTnTb, tTO (35) xapaKTepH3yeT npoTeKanne npouecca
JIIIIUb ,gJIH nepBOrO noJlynepno,L a. EcJIH B nePBOM nOJlynepl ole clap
ycneBaeT nOJIHOCTbIO HaMarHHTHTbCH (?HH3Kac TiaCTOTa"), TO nPOTe-
KaHHe npouecca BO BTOPOM nanynepnoae HHTieM He OTJIH4aeTCH OT
paCCMOTpeHHOrO BbIUIe cJIygaH npeaBapHTeJIbHO HaMarHHTieHHOTO lua-
pa. EcJIH >Ke B nePBOM no.iynepxoue map He ycneBaeT IOJIHOCTbtO
IlaMarHHTHTbCH (? BbICOKaf gaCTOTa "), TO BbIpa}KeHlie aim CKOPOCTH
I.I,BH>KeHHH (ppOHTa BOJIHbI BO BTOPOM no.iynepHoue MO>KeT 6bITb HO-
,ny4eHo allaaorHTIHO TOMy, KaK 3TO 6blJio caeiiaHO Bbluie. flpH 3TOM
(Hagajio cgeTa BpeMeHH J[JIH BTOpOI'O no.nynepHoj(a MbI CJ1,BHraeM Ha
3IO,IOBHHy nepHO,I[a):
3 1
dx 2J (Ho sin co't' - Hc) 1 -X0 ~'/- - (I -- x2)'I-
(36)
dt' x[in I-1-(1-x2)112 -(1-X2)'I2 J
Bbipa>KeHHe (36) CnpaBeAjiHBO JtO Tex nop, noxa q)POHT BOJIHbI Bo
BTOPOM nojiynepHOJ[e He JLOCTHrneT X = X0, 1JH KOTOPOM B nepBOM
IloJiynepnoge (IPOHT oCTaHOBnJICH. UaJIbHeinlee JjBH>KeHHe (ppoHTa
K ueHTpy iuapa 6yaeT rlpOHCXOAIITb no ypaBHeHHIO nepBoro noJly-
nepnoJta.
YcJIOBHH HaTIaaa H OKOHLIaHHH npouecca n0Jly'aIOTCH H3 Tex >Ke
coo6pax(eHHR, H3 KOTOPbIX 6bIJIH nOJIy'IeHbl (7), (10), (18), (19). IZpH
13 Tpvubi M314, sbm. XXVII. 193
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
9TOM ycJloBHe OKOHVaHHU npouecca B nepBOM noJiynepnoAe
?BbICOKOIH tiacTOTe":
o= -, aresin{ 3 H(1 -xo)'~' } I~ H?
G 0
(37)
yc:iOBne HaTlaJla npouecca BO BTOpOM noJlynepHOAe npH ?HH3KOR 'Ia-
CIOTe" Bblpa}KaeTCA ypaBHenneM (10), a npn ,BbICOKOR qaCTOTC"
H. J
{Ho - H1(1 -x0)~~ } . (38)
t'=_~1, aresin H
aY CJIOBHe OKOHtIaHHB npouecca BO BTOpOM fOJlynepno4e npn xl > x0:
t'=wI H
, arc sin ~Ho - 3HG (1 - xo)3l2 + 3H21 G (1 - 2)'l2 (39)
5. MarHHTHbAH MOMeHT npeABapHTeJIbHO pa3M$rHH9eHHOCO Hlapa.
Kai H B paCC-,1OTpe11Hblx BbI11Ie CJIy'IaiX, MaFHHTH01 MOMCHT
wapa B paccMaTpHBaeMOM cly'ae o6yc.IOBJIHBaeTCB MarHHTHOH 00-
JI5IpH3auHe[1 It BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH.
TaK KaK o6JIaCTb Q B paCCMaTpHBaeMOM CJIyT1ae pa3MarHHYeHa,
TO o6yCJIOBJIeHHbII'1 nOJIHpH3auueli MarHHTHbJ1I MOMeHT wapa 6yaeT
OTJIHgaTbCB OT COOTBeTCTByfoIuerO B pacCMOTpeHHbIX Bblwe cj1yqa2x
Ha BCJIHT1NHy m2Q= 1 - (1 - x2)3122 (3AeCb HHAeKC Q 03HanaeT, LITO
MOMeHT o6yCJIOBJIeH nOJIapH3au"eI3 o611aCTH Q). F103TOMy npH Ha-
JIHqHH AByX o6J1acTe13 HaMarHH4eHHOCTH (nepBbllI foJlynepHOA) 3a-
BHCHMOCTb m2 OT x npe4CTaBHTCH Bblpa>KeHHeM
m9 x2)312 (40)
a npH HaJIHTIHH Tpex o611aCTe i (BTOpOH noJlynepHOA npH ?BbICOKOil
gacTOTe")
m,=2(1-x2)'I2-(1-X)32. (41)
O6ycJIOBaeHHbll BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH MarHHTHbII-I MOMeHT npH HaMar-
i1H4HBaHHH npe4BapHTeJIbHO pa3MarHH'IeHHOro H1apa MO}KeT 6blTb
npeACTaBJIeH [npH ytieTe (34)] Bblpa)KeHHeM
(I - x2)312 3AH 1 'l2
1 3 [in 1 +(I x xz) 12 -(1 X2,21 [ lI
cnpaBe4JIHBbIM AO TeX nop, noxa npHMeHHMO (34).
,UJIH nepBOro noJlynepHOAa cHHycoHAaJIbHOr0 BHewHero HOJIB 3"rc
Bblpa}KeHHe HpHMeT BHA:
(1 -- x2)3/
x
1121=-3 x
1t1 1+(1-x2)'12 X2)'12
1 - l2
>( 0 (sin X2)3I2
(43)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
a-!
N~_ !
! 70000
~:2 0,4 O
t . G
S ~`i
I
~~
1
2100
.Vl m
2 y0anynepuodel
e=f
W ~
.L
0,2 0
4 10,6
0,B
2
21
~/ .
/
~
--o-- nl
z
1
1
1
/
Oanynep
"
odt,
21
Q 111
1600
-
Na
~p z>
T
7-Off
/
/
02 0
4 0B 0,e
M,
-o- mz
m
fo yneo
i 4
3 I
I
I
I
Pic. 8. 3aBHCHMOCTb MI, m2 H In OT X J1J1I npeAeapfTe.nbBO
pa3MarHH,ie11HOrO liapa.
a) wl = 20; 6) o, = 50; e) wl =I110; 2) w' - 1 000.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
, ~:;i BTOporo noJtynepno;1,a c.1ejyeT y iccTb (36), 'rorJta
---(l - x
in l = 3 L I n x X2)'/2 - -- (I -- X2)'12
iWo
2,1 (sin (,)'t' -t0- c )-t-- (1 -- X2)aI, - (1 - X2)9/2
KaK 6bIJIO yKa3aHO BbIHIe, .TuujJ(4)epeHUHaJIbHble ypaBHeHHSI BH4
(35) H (36) He pernarOTCH B H3BeCTHbIX gJYHKUHSIX. F103TOMy OHH
PHC. 9. 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMOHTa m OT BpeMeHH BbICOKHX 4aCTOT?.
rlpeABapHTeJIbHO pa3MarHH4eHHu1N map.
a -- nepexOnnblti pex{HM; 6 -- YCTBH03HBIIIHr1C51 pe2(uM.
pellleHbl, KaK H ypaBHeHHH (43) H (44), LIHCJIeHHbIMH McTOAaMH
ILJISI np?eJ BapHTeJIbHO pa3MarHH1IeHHOrO Hlapa npH TeX xce 3HaLIeHIHHX
IlapaMeTpOB, 'ITO H AJIH npeJ[BapHTeJ1bHO HaMarHI4'TeHH0rO mapa.
1-1OCKOJIbKy npH >, npH iKOTOpbIX map B nepBOM nO-
JlynepHOJje ycne'BaeT HOJIHOCTbIO HaMarHHTHTbC5I, UPOTCKaHHe npouec-
ca, Ha'-mHaH Co BTOpOrO noJlynepIO/ja, y)Ke HH,4e'M Ile OTJIH'IaeTCSI
OT pBCCMOTpeHHOro BbIHIe CJIyliaSi npeJ(BapHTeJIbHO HaMarHH'IeH-
I-toro Inapa, TO 3J[eCb HpOH3BOAHTC5I paCLIeT TOJIbKO J(JISI ,
Pacc'HTaHHble KPHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH MI, M2 H in OT X rIOCTPOeHbi
Ha pnc. 8 Aim naCTOT o'=20; 50; 100 H 1 000.
ECTeCTBeHHO, HTO H B J[aHHOM CJIygi'ae 3aBHCHMOCTb nit OT X
B HepBOM HOJIynepHOJLe BbIpa)KaeTCH er HHO]-I KpHBOII JJIH BCeX iIa-
CTOT, OTJIH'IHOII OT COOTBeTCTByIOIUeII Aim ipeaBapH?TeJIbH0 Ha`nar-
HH4CHHOFO IHapa. AJISI BTOporO H CJIe)1ylOlIHX noJlynepHOJ[?OB 9Ta
3aBHCHMOCTb Bblpa)KaeTCH pa3HbIMH KPHBbIMH 1JJI5I pa31-IbIX LIaCTOT.
MarHHTHbIf MOMeHT m1, 06yCJIOBJIeHHbII3 BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH, K3K
B HaqaJIe (x= 1), TaK H B KOIIUe (0 c x 1) npouecca B Ka)KJIOM
fOJlynepHOJje H'MeeT HyJIeBOe 3HaMIeHHe.
190
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O6pamaeT Ha ce6A BHHMaHHe TOT CpaKT, qTO B 2LaHIIOM CJIyqae
upouecc nePCXOAHT B yCTaHOBHBHIHcIC51 pexcHM OgeHb 6bICTpO npH
BCex TIaCTOTax. Y}Ke BTOpOH noJiynepnoa npaKTHT-IeCKH He OT.nngaeT-
CH OT YCTaHOBHBLuerOCH pe?KnMa.
Ha cpnr. 9 nocTpoenbI KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH o61uerO MarHIPTHOFO
MOMeHTa M OT G)'t' npH KHM pa6oTbI
R KOIITyp a.
.4P C HapaiMeTpbl KOHTypa ?R H C H3MCH5i-
P11C. 1. flpuHnunHa.lbnas cxe- 7HCb npH HoMOIuH peocTara H Mara3HHa
Ma IICCJIej(yeMOrO KOHTypa. eMKOCTei. BJIH5I14I3e BIja xapaKTe,,pHCTH-
KH Ap-cc'e.im H3ygad'IOCb nyTeM np'HMeHe-
HHfl Apocce.TleII C pa'3JIHTIHbI:MH BOJIbTaMTlepHbIMH xapaKTe'pl-ICTHKaMIa.
HpH 3KCn,epHM'eHTax 6bIJIO HCnoJIb3OlBaHO TpH 7p'ocoea5l c cepAeu-
imaMII H3 Ppanc(popMa-ropHOI CTa.n'H, craJln XBFI H nepManJion.
Hagajlbnas (pa3a npa.TIo)K'eHHoro Ilanp5iMKeHHfl 3aJjaBaJIacb Cne-
WIBJibHbIM 3JIeKTpOHHO-MexaHHgCCKHM pe.ne, COCTOSIHjHM H3 C~a30-
peryJlxTOpa, noJISIpH3oBannoro peJle H THpaTpOna c ceTOLIHbIM ynpaB-
JIeHHeM or nHK-TpaHC(copMaTOpa. Ha'IaJIbHbre YCJIOBHSI Ha K'OHJ e1I-
CaTOpe H Apoccejle 3a,7aBaJIHCb OT HCTOHHHKa HOCTOSIH'HOrO HaHpB-
}KeHHSI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B ueJi ix 6onee TOHHOrO onpeJle.neHHB BHUa pexciMa KOHTYp
P.KJIIOIIaJICA npH Ka)KJJOM 3aJJaHHOM co IeTaHHH HapaMeTpOB H Ha-
gIaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHH 10 pa3. BHJi pe)KHMa onpe,geJIBJICH no ()opMe
KT?HBOI{ Hanp5I)KeHH51 Ha KOH7eHCaTOpe, Ha6JIIOTIaBHIeiCH Ha 9KpaHe
9JICKTPOHHOrO OcwHJIJlorpa(pa. CTIHTaJIOCb, 'ITO B KOHTYpe 6yJIeT Cy-
IuecTBOBaTb aaHHbIH pe)KHM KOJIe6aHHH, MCJIH OII Ha6JIIOJIaJTcH 60JTee
'IBM B n5ITH cJIy'axx H3 10 BKJIIO'eHHH. B ripouecce 3KcnepHMeHTa
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Ko3. Ha,16ojiee rTO po6HO 6b1JIH HccJIeJIoBaxbI ycJIOBH51 B036y3KJZeHHSI
3-H cy6rapMOHHKH, TaK KaK HMeHHO 3Ta cy6rapMOH14Ka B03HHKaeT
IiaH5Oo.nee LIaCTO B pru e npaKTHLICCKHX CJIy'IaeB.
Pe3yJIbTaTbl 3KcnepHMeHTa np,euCTaBJIeHbI B BHjC rpa(JHKOB, Ha
KOTOpbIx nOCTpOeHbI o6JIacm B036y}McJZeHHR Toro HJIH HHOrO pe)KI1Ma
B 3aBHCIIMOCTH OT JjBYX nepeMeHHbIX BeJIH'IHH npH COXpaHeHHI1 no
CTOSIIIHhIMH OCTaJIbHbIX napaMeTpOB H HagaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHII. OrpaHH-
'e.HHbIII 06'beM CTaTbH He r103BOJIAeT HOKa3aTb Bee HaH60Jiee I1HTC-
peCHble rpacJHKH. HO9TOMy B KaneCTBe npHMepa Ha pHC. 2 npi eAeH
TOJIbKO O)jHH H3 rpa(IXKOB. ByJieM Ha3bIBaTb KaeTCH B rI OTHBOHOJIO)KHOM HanpaBJIeHHH q o MaKCHMyMa, a TOK
char aeT AO HyJISI. HOKa TOK 6JIH3OK K HyJIiO, H,anpRxceHHe Ha KOhiJ-
JjeHcaTOpe HeH3MeHH0 H 6JIH3KO K MaKCHMyMy. Ita.nee Bee 3aBHCHT
OT Toro, HaCKOJIbKO 6bICTpO 6yJjeT pa3pH}KaTbCH KoHJjeHcaTOp. ECJIH
HepexoijHOI3 npoueCC Ha'IaJIC5 npH TaKOM cogeTaHHH napaMeTpOB H
I{aTIaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHfI, T{TO npH IIOJjxoJje npHJloxceHHOro HanpII}KeHHH
K HyJIIO HaHpH}KeHHe Ha HHJIYKTHBHOCTH CTaHOBHTCH meHbHIIe HanpR-
)KeHHSI Ha eMKOCTH, TO KGHJjeHCaTOP HaTIHHaeT Jje1ICTBOBaTb KaK
BTOpOfi HCTOTIHHK HHTaHHH H C03JjaI0TCR YCJIOBH51 JjJIR nO5lBJIeHH5T
JIOHOJIHHTeJIbHOro HMIIyJIbCa.
TOK JIOHOJIHHTeJIbHOrO HMnyJIbea JLOCTHraer MaKCHMyMa B MO-
MeHT npoxojia LIepe3 HyJIb HpHJIO}KeHHOI'O HanpH)KeHIIR. B nOCJIe-
JIy1oIIjHe MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH npHJIo?KeHHOe Hanp1}KeHHe B03pacTaeT
B npOTHBO'n0JI0)KHOM HanpaBJIeHHH H TOK CHOBa yMeHbulaeTCR 10
HyJ15, a HanpR}KeHHe Ha KOHJjeHCBTOpe HepeCTaeT H3MeHRTbCH 'JO
Tex IIop, HOKa HanpR?KeHHe Ha HHJIyKTHBHOCTH He CTaHeT paBHbIM
no BeJIHTIHHe HaHpR}KCHHIO Ha KOHJjeHCa'rope.
1 K npHmaHMOMy HH}Ke To.nKOBaHHIO npouecca Cy6rapMOHHVeCKHX KoJIe-
6aHni3 He3aIIicHuo H HOgTH oAHOBpeMeHHO c HaMH npHmea F. P. PaxHMOB
[JI. 3].
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B 31-OT MOMCHT HaHTHHaeTC51 OTpHljaTCJIbHbIH OCHOBHOK IIMnyJIbC.
TOKa. B ,aJIb1IeLIU}eM HpH CO6JIIOjjeHHH 3HepreTHL1eCKHX CoOTHOHIe-
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rapMoHH'IecKHe KOJIe6aHH5J.
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HOpHj Ka cJleJjoBaHHH OCHOBHbIX HMIIyJIbCOB TOKa H OT BpeMCHH 3a-
,jep}KKH 3ap51jia Ha KOH)IeHCaTOpe. LleM 6onlbrue WO BpeMSi, TeM
HO3}KC IlaCTyHHT CJle, yI0J4HU OCHOIBHOI3 HMHyJIbC TOKa H TeM 60JIb1Ie
6y7eT HepHOJj (a, CJIeJjO,BaTeJIbHO, II HopHJJ,OK) cy6rapMOHHKH. H3MC-
11eHHe HanpH}KeHHc1 Ha HHJjyKTH,BHO,CTH H eMKOCTH CB513a}10 C OHpe-
!j"JICHIibIMII HepeXO,jaMH 3IICpFHH H3 3,nCKTpHWICCKOFO HOAR KOIIJjeH-
caropa B MarnHTIIOe HOJIC JjpocceJIH. KpoMe 3THX xoJIe6aimi! 3Hep-
FIIH, HpOHCXOijHT HOTep5I 3HeprHH B aKTHBHO':M COHpOTIIBJICHH'II KOll-
Typa, a TaK}Ke. HcpHO:i114eCK1lit r.C!,'1BO;, 9IlC^,I11I[ OT II.'T0'1IIHKa HIITa-
HIM. MO}KIIO CKa3aTb, 'ITO cy6rapMoHH'IeCKHe KOJIe6al1HA 8036 '}1KjenHe cpe'ppOpe3OHaIICHb1X KOJIe-
6aHHIi, IIMCIOI1WHX IIaCTOTY HpHJIO}KeHHOrO Hanp5l}Ke1IH51.
6. CyujeCTByIOT Hpe)jeJlbHble 3HaueHH51 eMKOCTH KOHTypa, 11pH
KOTOpbIX e1H,e B03M0}KHO B036y}KjjeHHe Cy6rapMOHHK. HH}KIIH31 I'pe-
;je,n O6\'C.'IOBJIeH pa3BHTHeM rapMOHHK 'ieTHOfi KpaT}IOCT,3 H Ilalyine-
liHeM HUCTOTIIOPO yCJIOBH'A. BepXHHYI HpeljeJi eMKOOTII CBH3OH c yC O-
HUH vl'I HpeC6pa30BaHHn 31'.eprllH Ha OCHOBHOcI HaCTOTe.
7. Be,iuu-ii ra H Ha'laJIbHaH (~a3a HpHJIO}KeHHOFO HaUp57}KeHHH
0Ka3blBab1OT CyIIjeCTBeHHOe BJIHHHHe Ha YCJIOBH51 B0?6V}KjjeFIHH Cy6-
rapNI01IH1IeCKHX KOJIe6aHHIi. BeJIHHH,Ha HarIp5nKeHi'lH H3MCII5ICT FJly-
61IIIy MOJjyJIHUHH HHJIyKTHBHOCTH JjpocceJIII [A. 51 Il Hpi 6OJIbHIHX,
paBHO KaK H H,pH MaJIbIX HanpIDKeHHBX, HapyulaloTCH ycjIOBHR
yCTOHYHBGCTH cy6rapMOHHRIeCKHX KOJIe6aHHII. 113MeHeHHC lia'la,nb-
Hoil Cia3b1 npHJIO}KeHHOrO Ha[p5I}KeIIHH BJIHHeT KaK Ha Be?1H'IHHV
IlauaJIbIIOrc TOJIT-IKa, coo611jaeMOrO KOHTypy HpH BKJIIwIeHHH, TaK H
Ha yCJIOBIISI HO;RBOJja 3HeprHH OT HCTOHIHHKa HHTaHHII B HpfBIIJIbHIOM
, I1e06XoJjHMOM JI]15T HOjjjepxcaHH[I cy6rapMobnl'IecxHX KoJ7e-
6aHHN.
8. BeJIII'IHHa H HOJI51PHOCTb Ha'IaJibHOro HarjpH}KCHHH Ila KOI}JjeH-
CaTOpe H GCTaTOgHOrt HH-IYKIIHH B CCpI0HIIHKe JapocceAR, ')6yCJIOBJIH-
14' 211
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
^ai KjeHHe Cy6rap-
MOHHK 6olee BbICOKOrO nopHJjKa.
11. 4eM BbILne HOpHJ OK cy6rapMolII KH, TeM MCHbWIe ec yCTON-
LiHBOCTb 11 TeM 6oJi'ee }KeCTKHe VCJPOBHH Heo6XOJjHMbI 11451 'B036y}K-
AeHHH cy6rapMoHHUeeKHx Ko.I'e6aHHll.
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HeoOxoAHMO peLUHTb ypaBHeHHe (3), KOTOpoe npejjCTaBJi5IeT co6oi'f
HeJIHHeOHOe aH(pcpe,peHHHaJibHOe ypaBHeHHe BTOporo nap5lAKa. Pc-
IIIHTb PTO VpaBHeHHe aHaJIflTHLIeCKH H THKHM HyTeM HO,IVLIHTb KaKHe-
TO o6fuHe 3aBHCITMOCTII, ynpaBJIHIOIIwe xapaKT(--po nepexojworo
Hpouecca, HCB03MO)KHO. r103TOMy JIJIH pac'-IeTa 06bILIHO HpHMeHSIIOT-
CSI npH6JIH}KeHHble rpaclOfHaJIHTH4eCKHe CH0006bI peiueHHH.
B pe3yJIbTaTe aHaJIH3a rpacj)oaHaJIHTHT-IeCKHX McTOAOB nOCTpOe-
HHH nepexoJljlblx HpoueCCOB B CyLueCTBeHHO HeJIHHecIHbIX CHCTCMaX
AJIH paCneTa 6bIJI Bb16paii MCTOA q)a30BbIX ceMeIICTB, ripejjJlo'}KeHHblil
B. E. BoroJllo6oBbIM H B. JI. TtHTJIOBbIM [JI. 7]. DTOT McTOA Hpe,'j-
CTaBJISIeT C060fl co'feTaHHe McTOJja n0CJ1eAOBaTEJIbHbIX HHTepBaJIOB
H MCTOJja q)a30BbIX nOpTpeTOB. OCHOBHbIM qOCTOHHCTBOM mm-la
HBJISIeTCSI ero yHHBepCaJIbHOCTb. (Da30Boe ceMefiCTBO HHBapHaHT1I0
OTHOCHTeJIbIIO (opMbl H BeJIHLIHHbI H3MeHHIOLueroCH BHeiHHerO B03-
JjeHCTBHH, a TaK]KC OTHOCHTeJlbHO BeJIHLIHHbI eMKOCTH H HaLIBJlbHOPO
HaHpH?KeHHH Ha KOHJI,eHcaTOpe. 9T0 nO3BOJIHeT Ha 0JjHOM H TOM }KC
q a30BOM ceMe%ICTBe HCCJIejjOBaTb XapaKTep nepeXOgHbIX Hpoueoc0B
npH pa3JIHLIHbIX 3HaLIeHH'HX HeKOTOpbIX napaMCTPOB H Ha'iaJlbHbIX
yCJIOBHIJI. J OCT0IIHCTBaMH McTOjja (pa30BbIX CeMe13CTB HBJIHIOTCH TaK-
}Ke HarJIH)jHOCTb H BO3MO3KHOCTb fIOCTpOeHHH 6e3 IOHOJIHHTejibHbIX
pacLfeTOB KpHBbIX H3MeHeHHH BO BpeMeHH HCKOMOH nepeMeHHof3, ee
npOH3BOAHOfi H HHTerpaJla. B npouecce pactieTa MO}KHO TaK}Ke BHO-
CHTb fOnpaBKH. 1IpH 3TOM, XOTH crioco6 BHeCeHH'H noHpaBOK J1o-
BOJIbHO rpy6, pac ieT nOLITH He 3aMeJIJIHeTCSI H B TO ?Ke BpeMH Cylije-
CTBeHHO yTOLIHHeTCH. KpoMe Toro, npH npaKTHLIeCKHX pacgeTax MHO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
rHe CJaKTOpbi He noui-LaloTCrH ToiIHOMy y4eTy m no3Toiy HeueJleco-
o6pa3Ii0 CTPCMHTbC5I K OTIeHb 6OJIbLUOl'I TOT1HC,,:TH 3,1 CTIer yBeJIHTIe-
HH51 JUTHTeJIbHOCTII paCTlcTa.
1-1pHMeIIeHHe McTOJja (3a30BNX ceMecfCTB K pemeiinlo ypaBHeHJ R
HCCJIef1yeMOFO KOHTypa .L aJlo CJIe,11,yIOLUHe CoOTHOHIenH 1:
a) YpaBHeHHC (pa3oB0ro CeMe1ICTBa
(p - A2
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p=AI sin($+p)-A3$hdf; I
Um
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BHCHMOCTb f i (i) =G (h), nOCTpoeHHai no KPHBbIM h = f2 (P) H 4 _
f 1 (p), 3aJjaHHbIM rpa(pnqeCKH RJI,9 Ka>Kaoro J pocceJIH.
6) YpaBHeFIrr51 JjJISI HOCTpoeHHSI (Ia30BOr0 nOpTpeTa:
hk = hk-I +AIZk, (9)
pk=[A1sin (4 +k-[A3$hd~la-ak , (10)
k
~f hds]aoak 4 hk+F.Il(1 t) ]a _o, (11)
Ahk ~ [()k1 + 1) (di A,5. (12)
MCXOJIHb1MH JjaHHbIMII npH pacgeTe CJiy}KHJ1H KpIJBaH AI sin (&+
? cp), a TaKM C 3Ha9eHHR HaTIaJIbHbIX yCJIOBn11 H napaMeTPOB KOI1-
Typa. MCTOAOM (pa30BbUX ceMe1ICTB 6bia1H paCCTIHTaHbI nepeXOjHbie
npoueccbl B HCCJIeJIyeMOM KOIITyPe A.TSI pia IIaCTHbIX CJIygaeB.
CpaBHeHHe paC9eTHbIX H 3KCnepHMeHTaJlbHbIX KPHBbIX nPH 0JaHHa-
KOBOM COT-ICTaHHH napaMeTpOB H HaT-laJlbHbIX yCJIOBHli nOKa3aJI0, 4T0
McTOA q)a30BbIX CeMeI1CTB JjaeT yJjOBJIeTBOPHTeJ1bHy!O KaTIeCTBeHHYK)
H KOJIHTIeCTBeHHYIO KaPTHHY npouecca: omH6Ka B onpejje.nexnH aM-
nJIHTyJj HCKOMbIX Be.IHTInH He npeBbimaeT 15-18?/a, TITO BHOJIHe
J(onyCTHMO B npaKTHTIeCKHX pac'1eTax. 1JpHT-IHHOIi 0111H60K HBJIHeTCH
B 3H8TIHTeJIbHOIt Mepe npeHe6pe}KeHHe npH pac'IeTe BJIHIIHHeM no-
TePb B cep,,AetIHHKe Jjpocce.IR, KOTOpble y'IeCTb He yJjaeTCSI, EcJIH
213
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
yqeCTb 9TH nOTepH BKJIIO4eHHeM, napaJlJleJlbHO apoccejuuo ao6aBwl-
110170 CO[I OTHB.neHH3 R,m, onpeAeJieHHOro no 1JopMyne
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cm
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(14)
p'=A;sin(4+y)-A3$hd4= i R p;
z+Rcm
Rem
AI R+Rc,az A1; (15)
A- _ Rcm A2' ' A' - Re,,, A I
R+Re ~ 3 R+R'?2
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AHaJIII3 ypaBHeHHe (14) nOKa3ari, tITO TaKOIi McTOA ytleTa no-
Tepb B CepACiliHKe 1OH'TH He II3MeHHeT BHAa C~a3OBIOrO CeMeI3CTBa H,
C.1eJjOBaTe.,'IbH0, He. B.111HeT Ha pe3y.JIbTaTbI paCneTa. Boriee npaBHrIb-
HbIM 6bIJio 6h1 yLIHTbIBaTb BJIHSIHHe nOTepb, paccMa'rpHBan nepexoj1
cepAeiIHHiKa Apoccerlsl 143 pa3MarHHTIeHHoro COCTOHHHR K npeAeJIbHOIi
neTJle rHCTepe3llca. OAHaKO B 3TOM CJIyTIae pace T CHJIbHO yCJIO)K-
n51eTCA H B p1Ae CJIyqaeB CTaHOBIITC51 HeBO3MO)KHbIM (npH y~ieTe
naCTHbIX UHKJIOB).
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TpyAOeMOK; pacgeT OAHOrO nepeXOAHoro npoijecca 3aHHMaeT B CpeA-
HeM 6-8 ii. F103TOMy npHMeHeHHe McToAa AJIII pactIeTa nepeXOAHbIX
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MOJjeJIHpyIOHT,ei yCTaHOBKe
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HCXOAHOrO AHIjIJepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHe AJISI Ha6opa Ha yCTa-
HOBKe BKJH0'-IaJIa CJIeayionjHe 3Tanbl:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
a) COCTaBJIeHHe CTpyKTyPHOH cxeMbl Ha6opa peulaloluHx 3.ne-
NIeHTOB B COOTBeTCTBHH C HcxOJ1,HbIM ypaBHeBHeM;
6) Bb16op MaCLUTa60B npeJ CTaBJIeHHH 3aBHCHMbIX nepeMeHHbIX H
BpeMeHH;
B) pacLIeT KO3CpCpHUHeHTOB HepeaaiI oTJIeJIbHbIX peelualoLuHX 3Jle-
McHTOB no K03CJ M1UHeHTaM HCxo H0F0 ypaBHeHHH;
I?) pad-leT HagaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHH H BHeIIIHeI'O BO3Myn eHHSI B Ma-
IIIHHHbIX neepeMeHHhIX, T. e. B TeX BeJIHT-IHHaX, KOTOpbIMH B MOJieJIII
ilpe icTaBJIHK)TCSI HCXOJjHble nepeMeHHble ypaBHeHHH.
FIpn n01u'OTOBKe H PellleHHH 3aaaHH aBTOP CJIej[OBa.JI B OCHOBIIOM
McTOJ(HKe, pa3pa6OTaHHOH B I'IHCTHTYTe aBTOMaT'HKH H TeJIeMeXa-
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t _ IV L6a3
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laHHbIM J12 Ka}K!1JI'O gpjcceJrn 6a3HCHbIM 3Ha4eHHHM HHJ1,yKLu1H H
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ieHHeM Jjo6HTbCA McHbmnx nJrpeulHOCTei pacLlera 3a cueT yMeHb-
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30BaTeJIeH, HeO6XOL`I,HMbIX Ji,.-IH Ha6opa ypaBHeHHH Ha MOJ1,eJIH. f[eI'Ko
nIoKa3aTb, LITO nep?XOJ( K HOBOH cxeMe Ha6opa 3aJ[a`-In n03BoJIileT
COXpaHFITb o6IUHJCTb noJ1y,ieHHbIX pe3yJlbTaTOB. gefCTBHTeJIbHO,
IiCHOJIb3y51 Cp3PMyJIbI (18), MO)KHO yCTaHOBHTb CJleJjyiOLuy1O CBII3b
me)KAy K034)CmIIRHeHTaMH ypaBHeHHH (16) H (3):
m=ktol; n=k2co2; q=k3w? (19)
51CHO TaK}Ke, HT0 eCJIH He H3MeH5ITb 31 mLIeHHH B6,,, H H6a), TO
HeJIHHecHaH CpyHKLH51 '091H 6yJZeT COBepLUeHHO TaKOH we, KaK
3aBHC11MOCTb 12(13). HejIHHeHHaH CpyHKUHI1 LomK (' 0,,1 .) BOCHPOH3-
215
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BOJjHJIaCb CneuHaJIbHbIM J&HOJIHbIM CpyHKUIPOHaJIbHbIM npeo6pa3oBa-
TCJIeM npH !OMOHIH KyCO'IHO-JIHHeIIHOi3 annpOKCHMaUHH KpHBOf
12 OTpe3KaMH. PacgeT (~yHKUHOHaJIbHOro npe0'6pa3OBaTe.IH, Bb16op
MaCHITa60B upeo.6pa30BaHHSI nepeMeHHbIX H paCT1'eT KO3(1)(JHUHeHTOB
HepeJjaq OTJjeJIbHbIX peluaioll Hx 3JIeMeHTOB npO'H3B0JjHJICH C ygeTO`I
;tonycTH!MOrO YPOBHH Haup5I}KeHHi B ycTaHOBKe BO [136e)KaHHe nepe-
r'py3'oK pelHaiowEX yCHJIHTeJIei 14 A' TM OrpaHH9eHJ1H norpemuocre4
pelueHHSI. He HMeSI BO3MO)KHOCTH noJjp06HO H3JIO)KHTb ,1jeTaJIH noJj-
rOTOBHTeJlbiiblX onepauiiii, OTCbIJIaeM HHTepeCyIOIUHXCSI K [A. 8].
A3fhd19
0 360? 720 0 1080 ? 1440 ?
Piic. 3. 3aBHCHMOCTH A, h d,O - f (,9), no.ay ieInhle:
- upri pacaeTe MMeTO,goM (11a3Onb[X ceMeOlcTa; 2-npH pacHeTe Ha Mo]7eJlu.
YcnOBH6 pac,ieTa: U = 100 6, R = 70 oat, C = 30 Jsxti, UC0 = 0; B0 = 0; T=0?.
B npoi ecce peuieHll5i ypaBHeHHH Ha MOJjeJIH 6bTTm CHHTbI o61Ia-
CTH B036y)KaeHHff TpeTbeI Cy6raPMOHHKHI B KOHType c apOC'Cea-em,
HMe}onwM Cepi1eTIHHK H3 CTaJIH XB1T, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJIHTIHi1
aKTHBHOro CGnp0THBJIeHH5I H eMKOCTH KOHTypa Aim 11eTbIpeX (j)HKCH-
pOBaHHbIX 3Hat1eHHFI HatiaJIbHol (pa3bi npHJIO}KeHHorO HanpH}KeHHB.
CpaBHeHHe OCUHJIJIOrpaMM pemeHHSI Ha MOJjeJIH C OCuHJIJIOrpaM-
MaMB, CHSITbIMH nPH BKcnepHMeHTax, HOKa3aJIO YJUOBJI'eTBOpHTeJlbHOe
Ka'IeCTBeHHOe COBIIaJeHHe pacgleTa C BKCHepHMeHTOM. )jJISI KOJIH4e-
CTBeHHOcI oueHKH TOT-IHOCTHI pacq'eTa 6bIJIH HOCTpoeHbI KpHBble Ha-
npSl}KeHHSi Ha KOIIJ1eHcaTOpe JaJISI OJjHHX H TeX ?Ke 3HaTIeHHI3 napa-
McTpOB if HallaJIbHbIX yCJIOB1lIt, nOJIytJeHHble HpH 3KCnepHMeHTe, a
TaK>Ke B pe3yJIbTaTe pac4eTa Ha M'OJjeJIII H pacT1e'Ta McTOaOM Cba30-
BbIX ceMencTB (pHc. 3 H 4).
CPaBHeHHe KpHBbIX pHC. 3 noKa3bIBaeT, TITO pacxoxKjeHHe
B onpe-AeJIeHIIH HaH,60JIbiller0 3Ha'1eHHB Hanp5IOKeHH5I Ha KOHJjeHca-
Tope B nepexoJHoM npouecce nO McTOJ1y (fia30BbIX ceMe1CTB H HpH
noMOlljil MoJUeJIH lie npeBblluaeT 12%. HecxoJlbxo 60JIbmie pac-
xo}KijeHHSI fOJIycIaIOTCSI npH CpaBHeHHII pe3yTlbTaTOB 3KcneprMeHTa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H pactleTa Ha Moaje.nH (pHe. 4). 3 jech norpeWHOCTb B onpe jeJIe11HH
HaH60JIbrPerO 3HageHH2 COCTaBJISIeT TaK)Ke OKOJIO 11-12?/p, oJLHaKO
B HeKOTOpbIX TOtIKaX KpHBON HOrpeIHHOCTb yBeJIHTIHBaeTCII JIO 27-
300/p. KpoMe Toro, 3aMeTeH HeKOTOpbJ i C: BHr no ()a3e MC?K Y paC-
IIeTHON H 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHOFi KpHBbIMH.
DTH HorpeluHOCTH 06'bIICHIIIOTC5I He TOJIbKO HOrpeHIHOCTSlMH, BHO-
CHMbIMH MOJjeJIbIO, HO H TeM, IITO HpH pac4eTe Ha MOJ JIH He ytIHTbI-
BaJIHCb rHCTepe3HCHble 5IBJIeHHIJ. 1703TOMy, KaK H cJIeJ[oBaJIO o}KH-
JjaTb, Ha116oJibHIamI HOrpelIHOCTb HOJIytIHJIaCb npH pactleTe TON gaCTH
KpHBON HanplI}KeHHSI Ha KOHieHcaTOpe, KOTOpaH COOTBeTCTByeT HO-
rBJIeIIHIO JjOHOJIHHTeJIbHOrO HMHyJILCa TOKa, Kor,ga npouecc H,I~eT HO
PHc. 4. 3aBHCHMOCTH .1, h dD = f (')), 110.1 11 eHH1o :
1 - npn sKcne pn.Ni enze; 2- ep^ pac-:ere 'ioaexf.
;laHH ble: U-- 130 a, R= 60 ox, C= 6fl .tixcfi, U(0== O; B0 = 0:
=0?.
O,]JIOMy H3 1IaCTHbIX I'HCTepe311CHbIX UHKJIOB. Bo BCNKOM CJIyqae,
MO}KHO yTBep}KaaTb, MTO paccieT Ha Mo,je.IIP JjaeT HorpeHIHOCTH, HC
HpeBbIM101UHe HorpeniHOCTef pactleTa rpa(JoaxaJIHTHtIeCKHMH Me-
TO)JaMH. OJjHaKO 3aTpaTbl BpeMeHH Ha pactleT HO CpaBHeHHIO C rpa-
(JoaHaJIHTHtIeCKHMH McTOJjaMH pe3KO COKpaHjaIOTCSI, COCTaBJTHH Beer')
HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT (BpeMSI Ha pactleT rpa(poaHaJIHTHMeCKHMH McTO-
aaMH HC'IHCJISIeTCSI clacaMH). BOJIbHIHM HpeHMyUjeCTBOM pactleTOB Ha
MOJjeJIH SIBJISICTCSI BO3MO)KHOCTb 6bICTpOrO H3MeHeHHSI K03(JIIHuHeH-
TOB ypaBHeHHSl, MTO BMeCTe C Ha6JIIo LeHHeM KpHBON peHleHHH Ha
3KpaHe ocuH.iuiorpa(pa c noCJlecBetleHHeM II03BOJI9eT OIIeHb HarJISTJj-
HO oueHHTb BJIHHHHe pa3JIH4IHbIX (JaKTOpOB Ha BI&I pemeIIHB HCCJIe-
)jyeMoro ypaBHeHUTI.
Pa60Ta no peHIeHHIO yparHeHHH nccJIeJjyeMOro KOHTypa iia 3JIeK-
TpOHHON MOJjeJIHpyIOIIjek yCTaHOBKe 9MY-5 HOKa3aJIa, IITO HpH
HCCJieXIOBaFIHH 5IBJCHHI1 B HeJIHHeIHbIX CHCTeMaX c,neiyeT HJHpOKO
npHMexuTb 3JIeKTpOHHble ctieTHO-pemaloiuHe yCTpoNcTBa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OCHOBIlble pe3yJIbTaTbl pa6OTbI 3aKJIIOTialOTC5I B CJIejyloIueM:
a) flpoBejjeHO 3KCHePMmeIiTa.TihHoe HCCJIeJjOBaHHe yCJIOB13l'l B03-
6y}K,aeI1HSI Cy6rapMOHH'TiecK'HX KOJIe6aHH11 B HpoCTeidllleM KOJIe6a-
TeJIbHOM KOHType c IIeJIHTIefH03i IIHAyKTHBHOCTbIO. B npouecce ncc ie-
IjOBaHIIII, SIBHBIIIeroCB uaJIbIIefIHIHM Pa3BHTHeM pa60T Hpe,7bl,7yl11HX
OOTOPOB, yCTaHOBJIeFibl HeKOrOphie HOBhie CIOpOHb1 51BJIeHHB cy6rap-
N1011HYeCKOrO pe3ol-Iaiica, a TaK~KC o61inpy}Ke}ibI H IICHpaBJICHbI He-
KOTOphIe oIIIH6KH H FieTOOIIOCTIH pnjja Hcc.JeAoBaTeJTeH. fIoCTpoeHHe
o6.nacTell Bo36y)KJjeF145i cy6rapMoHHT3ecKHx KoJIe6aHH>3 B OTHOCH-
Te,-IbHbIX ejjHI-iiiuax r103BOJI2eT HpHMeHHTb pe3VJIETaTbI 3KCnePHMeHTa
:uuio HCCJIeAOBaHIIST KOJIC6aTeJIbFIbIX KOHTyPOB C HIHPOKHM aHana3O-
IIOM cogeTaHlI f napaMeTpoB H HaliaJIbI-IbIX yCJIOBHcf.
6) j.rrn pacTleTa nepexojjnoro npouecca B HCCJIe)jyeMOM KOHType
HPHMeHeil McTOJj (pa30BMX ceMecICTB. JOKa3aHO, TITO pacTleT 3THM
McTOAOM jjaeT yJOBJIeTBOPHTeJlbHble KagecTBeHHbie H KO.AHTIeCTB('II-
Flble pe3yJIbTaTbI.
B) flpOBejjeHO penleriae ypaBiieHHSi KOHTYPa Ha 9JIeKTpoHHON
MoAe.lHpyfolljeil yCTaIIOBKe. IJoKa3aHO, OTO paCTIeT Ha MOAeJIH jjaeT
YJLOBJICTBOPHTCJIbHOC COBHaAeHHe KaK C pacTieTOM rpaccoaHaJHITH-
TIeCKHMH M,eT0AaMH, TaK H C 3KCnepnMeHTOM, Tpe6y0 BMee're C TeM
31iaaIHTejIbH0 McHhIHHX 3aTPaT BpeMeHH HO CpaBHeHHIO c rpacpo-
OHaJIIITHTIe.CKHMH McTOJjaMH pacaeTa HepexoJjHbIX npouecCOB B He-
IHHeKIIbIX CIiCTeMax.
1. A. B. M n p o .n 10 6 0 8 a C. C. Po K O T R H, JTHHnx sJieKTponepe gaoiH
-I00 ice Kyli6bimeB-MocKBa, 3jieKTpaiecTB0", 1952, Ne 7.
2. A. F. K H K rH7 a A 3 e, Cy6rapMOHHVecKae KoJleSanuB B aJreKTpa~iecKo6
sicua CO CTaJIbiO, LHCCepraIIHR 9HHH AH CCCP, M., 1955.
3. F. P. P a x n M 0 B, ABronapaMeTpMTIeCKHe Kone6aHa51 B 9JieKTpH4ecKHx
eenax C neJiuHe iH0 i HHgyKTHBHOCTbLO, L[HCCepTauHR JIIJH, 11., 1956.
4. JI. (D. A MO x o B C K a R, B. H. JI e B a T 0 B, CySrapmoHH,IecKae Ko:ie-
?aHHR B upocTeImHX cxeMax n B J aJIbHHX a;ieKTponepeAa,iax, 9.-IeKTpn ie-
TBO", 1955, Ns 11.
5. 1. H. M a n 1i e a b m T a M, Ho.nuoe co6pauae TpylOB, T. 11, H3)1. All
CCCP, 147.
6. H. M. K p bi JI 0 B, H. H. B o r o a io 6 o B, BBe,Renae B ueJIaneSHyio
',iexaIaKy, eI3jr. AH YCCP, 1937.
7. B. E. IS o r o JI I0 6 o B, B. IT. II R T n o B, Pacger nepexoiHbix npoueccoB
B 1[poccenax Hac rHeHaa a 9JIe.NeHTax cxeM MarHarHblx ycHJIareJIerl, TpyJrbi
B33H, Bbin. 4, 1954.
8. B. A. Tpaue3HIIKOB, E. A. KoraH, B. B. I'vpoB, A. A. Mac-
a, 3JIeKTpOHHaB Mo.Oe.TUpyioulaR yCTaHOBKa THna 3MY-5, AH CCCP,
HT3HH, 1955.
9. S. J. A n g e 1 1 o, The effect of initial conditions on subharmonic
nrrents in a nonlinear series circuit, Trans. AIEE, T. 61, 1942.
1 0 W. J. M c K u n e, M. F. Br u s t, Subharm)nics in a series nonlinear
circuit as influenced by initial capacitor charge, Trans. AIEE, T. 71, e. I,
1952.
11. C. Hayashi, Forced oscillations in nonlinear systems, Osaka
Print. Co., Japan, 1953.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
AHAJIH3 HOFPELLIHOCTEH H METOR OBPABOTKH
PE3YJ1bTATOB 3KCEIEPHMEHTA UPH H3MEPEHHH
KKOML1JIEKCHOfl aH3JIEKTPHtIECKOA EIPOHHL&AEMOCTi1
C EIOMOIljblO KYMETPA
AcnupaHm B. H. Kyduu
TiaCTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH KOMHJIeKCHOI1 jH9JICKTp'HqeCKOH np0-
+OI1uaeMOCTH (K. A. n.) pa3JIHIIHbIX BeluecTB, HpHBelteHHble B pxRe
9KCHC1)HMeHTaJIbHbIX pa6OT, HOCBRMeHHbIX H3yYeHHIO gH,3JIeKTPI3Lie-
CKHX CBOI3CTB MaTepHaJIOB (HafpHMep, [JI. 1-3]), He COOTBeTCTByIOT
OCIIOBHbIM HOJIO)KeHHSIM 0 LIaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHKaX JIHHe1IHbIX
,ZIi3JIe,KTPHKOB.
1'I3BeCTHO, qTO 3aBHCHMOCTb OT qaCTOTbI (0 ACKCTBHTeJIbIJOII E' H
MI[HMOR E" COCTaBAHIOI HX K. a. H. B O6JIaCTH peJIHKCauHOHHbIX
SIBJIeHHi4 OHpe;LeJIReTCH (JVHKuHeH pacrpe,jeJieHHR BpeMeH peJiaK-
cauHH:
`, =~ G (A) A
(EC 3 ) 1 + (COO)2
`11 (w) G EJW ? -
(1)
(2)
u;[e 60 - CKB03HaH HPOBOjHMOCTb;
- CTaTHgeCKaH JIII3,IeKTPm,iecKaR HpOHHuae1IOCTb;
c,
- HpJHH1(aeMOCTb HpH 4iaCTOTaX MHOrO 60JibWiIX liaCTOT
CH2KTpa peJlaKCauHH, HO MHOrO MCHbIIIHX LIaCTOT pe30HaHc-
HbIX RBJICHHII;
G (()) - HOpMaJIH3OBaHHaH (1JYHKUIIZ paCHpejeJIeHHa.
Ha (PyHKuHIO G (O) Hajio}K(MbI CJIeayK)IuHe yCJIOBHR:
G(0)dO=1; G(0)>0.
(3)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H3 (1) c:ieJjycT HepBOe oCHOBHOe nojroxKeuHe:
A) ,21eucmeumeAbHa5l cocmae./lfuou4afl K. a. II. ue.29emcs1
.I(oHOmoKHO y6b1eaiotgeli g5yH>cuueu 'cacmombl.
H3 o6ii eii TeOpHII KoRe6aHHIt JIHHerIHbIX naccuoFibIX CI1CTey1
(CM., Hanpu\ep, [J1. 4]) BbITCKaeT BTOPOC OCHOBIIOe HOJIO}KeHHe:
00
( r'"(r
("') = S" + I ~ - w~- dij, (`~ )
+ 2r,) e' ('1) d
%co n rz--
T. e.:
B) ae1CTBUTedmHwl cocTaMRiou4aiz K. J. IT onpedensleTCR 'ia-
CTOTHbIM XO(aOM .HtfUMOII COCTa8Jl5UOU4etl C TOtLHOCTbFO Cho nOCTOSIH-
Hoao CJlaeaeAoeo, a MHUMa5l COCTaaJuuou.(,a5l -'IaCTOTHbIM XOaOM
aeucTBUTeJIbHOII C TO'IHOCTbFO (9o eunep6ojlu'Lec,Ccao cAaeaeMoeo.
(4) H (5) H3BecTHbI B JIHTepaType KaK COOTHOHIeIIHH KpaMepca-
Kponllra.
YBeJIHiueHHe npoHHIZaeMOCTH Ha KaKOM-To HHTepBaJle LIacTOTSI,
OTMeTIeHHoe aBTOpaMH IHTHpOBaHHbIX pa6oT, MO}KHO 06"bRCHHTb JIH-
60 KaKHMH-TO pe3OHaHCHbIMH gBJIeHHHM'H, JIH60 3aBHCHMOcTbIO
3JI-eKTpHTIeCKHX CBOIICTB HCCJieJZyeMbIX Baum OT Harip5UKeHHOCTH
3neKTpHgeCKOrO nOJtH J.ja}Ke npH BeCbMa cJIa6bIX rio.m iX, JiH60 HaJIH-
gHeM CHCTeMaTH4ecKHX no'rpemHOCTeIi B pe3yJlbTaTaX H3MepeH11li.
HeCOOTBeTCTBHe 'IaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK COOTHOIneHHSIM Kpa-
Mepca-KpOHHra MO?KHO 06'bHCHHTb JIH60 HeJIIPHei3HOCTblo, JIH6o Ha-
niigHeM norpeInHOCTeI"I.
Mm peHIHJIH HCCJIeJ[OBaTb npHLIHHbI HeCOOTBeTcTBHSI TeopeTHLIe-
CKHX n0JO}KeHIIII 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIM JjaHHbIM H, y'IHTb7Ba5i, 'ITO
6oJIbmHIICTB0 113MepeHHI"i, pe3VJIbTaTbl KOTOPbIX BbI3bIBaIOT COMHe-
Hite, BbIIIOJIHeHO C fOMOHjbl0 KyMeTpa, B nepBVIO o'IepeJ b npoBec'r H
ana.'~H3 Horpeu1HOCTefl npH HpHMCHeHHH 9TOrO McTOJja. 3TO HMeeT
3HageHHe H nOTOMY, 4TO B01HpOCaM TO4HOCTH H3MCPeHH5I K. a. H.
C HO?s0IIjb1O KVMCTpa HOCB5TIIjeHO BeCbMa OrpalllggeHHO~-- 'IHCJIO pa6oT.
06bIgHO KOHJjeHCaTOp C HCCJIeJjyeMblM Belljec'rBoM npHcoeJjH-
FISTfTCST nspajijiejibHO HaCTpOeTlHOMy KOHJjeHeaTOpy KOHTypa KyMeT-
pa. B 3TOM cJiygae nPH yCJIOBHH QI > 1 H npH JHO60M 3Ha'leuInl Q,
[JI. 5]
Cx == C1 - C2, (6)
Q ~ QIQ2 (C I - C2) (7)
Q, (Qi - Q2) CI
r,ae CX H QX - BXOJjxaHI eMKOC'I'b H uo6pOTHOCTb BeTBII, cofjep}Ka-
njei! H3MepgeMbIIt KOHJjeHcaTOp;
C1 - 3Ha'IeHHe BXOJHOI{ eMKOCTH BeTBH C HaCTpOe'IHbIPI
KOHJjeHC3TOPOM Jj0 BKJIIO'IeHH5{ BeTBH C H3MepHCMbIM1
Koll LeucaTOpOM Hpu MaKCHMyMC HanpFi}KeHIM FbI
3TON BeTBH;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Q1 - BeJIII-IHHa, npOHOpn,HOHaJIbHaA 3TOMY IIanpw}KeHHK);
C H Q2 - COOTBeTCTByrOmHe BeJIH'-IHHbI, HO npH BKJIIOLIeHHOF1
BeTBH C H3MepHeMbIM KOHJjeHcaTOpOM (pHC. 1).
11OKa3aHHA rlpli6opa C, HpaKTHHeCKH COBnaj a1OT CO 3HaHeHHAMII
I,XofjHOH eMKOCTH BeTBH C TOJIbKO npH YaCTOTax, McHbHIHX 5-
10 M2i. rlpH 6o iee BbICOKHX '-IaCTOTaX BxofJHaH eMKOCTb BeTBH
6o.-Ibule 3HaveHnH eMKOCTH n0 HIKaJIe KOHgeHCaTOpa, nporpauyHpo-
Tax. Ecjiu npene6pe4b BXOJ-
HOH eMKOCTbIO BOJIbTMeTpa,
TO
a 1
(8)
7 n n
C?
rJje Ln - 9C1xkeKTHBHa5,i HH-
JjyKTHBHOCTb BeTBH.
?-------J B cyu &eCTByIOH[Hx KOII-
CTpyKLWHX KyMeTPOB (HanpH-
Mep, THna KB-1) CeTKa
JIIMnbI BOJIbTMeTpa npn-
KJIK)geHa ne i BHeuIIHeMy 3a-
}KHMy npH6opa, a K nJla-
CTHHaM HacTpoeqHoro KoHJ.jencaTopa. O4eBHJjHO, HTO Hanpa}KeHile
Ha KOHJjeHCaTOpe Qn 6oJlbLHe Harp i}Kenili Mex{Jjy BHeIIIHHMH 3a}Kn-
MaMH Q:
Q=kQn, (9)
npu'leM nonpaBOHIHbIFf K034xlJu ,HeHT k ABJiAeTCA CpyHKljHel3 '-iaCTOTbl
m eMKOCTII HaCTpoegHOrO KOHJjeHCaTOpa. UeJIe0006pa3HO nepeKJIIO-
tIHTb CeTKy JIaMnbl BOJIbTMeTpa Ha BHeIIIHHH 3a}KHM. npH 3TOM
Q=Qn.
B [A. 61 HMeeTCA yKa3aHHe Ha H3MeHeHHe MOJjyJIA COHpOTHBJIe-
HIIA CB513H npH H3MeHeHHH iaCTOTbI. B HCCJIeJjyeMbIX HaMH npH6opax
TIin13 KB-1 3TOro ABJIeHHA He 06Hapy)KeHO.
B [.11. 7] yKa3bIBaJI0Cb Ha Heo6XOJ_jHMOCTb yHleTa ::)acnpeJjeJleH-
HOii I1H,1VKTHBHOCTH KoaKCHaJIbHbIX ()HuepoB, COeJ(HIIAK)HIIIX 133Me-
plleMbIN K(.HJ eHcaTOp C 3a)KHMaMM npH6opa. B RaJIhHeiHHIe:M 6bIJlO
ycTaFOBJieHO, tITO JwKe ripH HenocpeJ cTBeHHOM H )HCOeXIHPHHH
n3Mep5JeMOP0 KOHAeHcaTOpa K 3a}KHMaM KyMeTp1 npH qICTOTaX,
60.'II.n:HX 5-10 M04, Heo6XOJjHMO yLIHTbIBaTb IIHaYKTHBHOCTb c'leHb
KOf)OTKHX coeaHHHTeJIbHbIX npOBOAHHKOB H pacnpe;jeJleHilylo I31H yK-
rHBIIOCTb H3MepleMOrO KOHaeHcaTOpa.
AJIH H3MepeHH51 3THX BeJIHLIHH HeO6XOJIHMO H3rOTOBHTb B03JynI-
HbIF3 KOHJjeHCaTOp TOTIHO TaKOI3 )Ke KOH4)Hrypal],HH, Kax H KOH1.eIi-
caTOp C o!6pa3ljoM. ECJIH ero eMKOCTb Ha giaCTO'Te C,t, TO
221
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
[IpH H3MepCHHH Ha BbICOKHX iaCTOTaX CHpaBe;u lHBO COOTHOIHeHH~
Cx C111
I - t?LL"Ca I - w2L,,C11, I - to~L TC~~ '
r:1,c [ . iIHjyKTIIBHOCTb i>,'TI3H C 113Mep5IeMIIM KOI;-
,I3II-3I1
BbIHOJIIIHB P51,1 H3MepCHIIfI Ha daCTOTaX 10--00 M,,1y c HOMOiUbIO
\IeTOja HaHMCHbWHHX KBaJjpaTOB, MO}KHOCTb HCKJIIONHTb OCHOBHyJO CHCTeMaTHgeCKy1O
OHIH6Ky.
U3MepeHHe K. ,u. II. BeHjeCTBa C HOMOIIjbJO KyMeTpa HBJIHeTCR
OAHHM H3 CJlygaeB KOCBeHHOrO H3MepeHHB J]BYXMepHOf4 BeJIH1HHbI,
HO3TOMy K aHaJII13y CJIygaliHblX HorpeHIHOCTeIi K. q. H. Heo6xo HMo
HOJLXOJ[HTb Ha OCHOBaHHH TeOpHH BepOHTHOCTeII aim J1BYXMepHbIX
BeJIHgHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
F(xl,...,xn)=FI(x1,...,x,1)+jF2(x1,...,xn), (11)
uAe F-KOOBeHHO 113MepHeMaB KOMnJIeKCHaBI BeJIHTiHHa, a xi,. .. Xn -
HenOCpeJJCTBeHHO H3Mep5ieMble OJHOMep,Hble BeJIHTIHHbI C HOpMaJIb-
HbIM 3aKOHOM paCnpeJ(eJIeHHla HOrpeMHOCTe i, TO COBOKyrIHOCTb CJIy-
MaIIHbIX 3HaTIeHHII F(xl,..., x?) o6pa3yeT HOPMaJIbHOe 3JIJIHHTHTIe-
CKoe pacnpe,JeJleHHe Ha rIJIOCKOCTH. FeoMeTprIIeCKHM McCTOM C.RV-
TIaHHbIX TOT3eiK C paBHOFi BepOSITHOCTbIO HOHBJI,eHHB SIBJIAeTCSI B 3TOM
AJ 2
PHc. 3. HopManbHoe pacnpeae,neHHe c.rzyvauHbIx norpemaoCTel Ha nJIOCKOCTH.
1 - rnaBHMlI 9nnunc norpeIuHOCTei; 2- 4ynicRHa pacHpeaeneaan norpefHHOCTeii npoeKtlnn
BeKTOpa F Ha HanpasneHHe NN.
cJIyuae ceMeICTBo noJ106HblX H UOIO6HO pacnoJIO}KeHHbiX 3JIJIHHCOB
(pHc. 3).
IlorpeUIHOCTH npOeKIUHH BeKTOpa F Ha npOH3BOJIbIIOe HanpaB-
JIeHHe NN, o6pa3y1OHZee yroJI a ' c OCbIO J[efICTBHTeJlbllbIX BeJIHgHH,
B 3TOM CJIyTlae rIO,'i1H!HHeTC5T HOpMaJIbHOMy 3aKOHy pacnpeJLeJIeHHSI,
npHTlc'M KBaapaT cpeJweKBa.1 paTHTIHo1i nOrpelilHOCTH paBeH
2 (FNv)-E
k=l
2
(
COs( - (Dh)0"
(12)
Tk =_- arg ~ (13)
(Tk
IIpH H3MepeHHH OJIHOMePHbIX BeJIH'-IHH Mep,OK TO11HOCTH MO}KeT
CJIy}KHTb CpeJ(HeKBaapaTHTIHaSI nOrpenIHOCTb a. 11pH H3MepeHIIH
AByXMepHbIX BeJiBLiHH MepOH TOIIHOCTH CJly}KHrr FJIBBHb1( HJIH CperL-
HeKBaJjpaTHTIHbIII 3JIJIHHC HOrpelIHOCTeII.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
143BeCTHO, LITO Hpoexu1ISI rJIaBlIOFO BJFJIHHCa norpeluHOCTeii Ha
iiIO6oe HarIpaBJIeIIHe paBHa yjjBOeHHOIi Cpej[HeKBaJ paTHMHOli HO-
rpellIHOCTH HpoeKwHa BeKTOpa, n3o6pa>KaIOlljer0 I13MepHIeMyI0 BeJIH-
LiHHy, Ha 3T0 HanpaBJleHHe.
B npocrciiullei eJiygae
C
`I - )`"- /' (CIC2QIQ2) - 1 C C2 (QI - Q2) Cl (141
e QlQ2C8
r;je Cs - reoMeTpHgecxasl eMKOCTb o6pa3ua, a CIC2Q1 H Q2 - He-
nOCpeJjCTBeIiHO H3MepHieMble BeJIH'-1HHbl.
HaMH c eJIauo jjonyII eHi4e, qTO lOrpeUlHOCTH HeIIOCPeJLCTBeHHO
II3MepSICMbIX BeJIn4HH HO,1LIMI IOTCH HOpMaJIbHOMy 3aKOHy pacnpejje-
leHn i.
B 9TOM CJlyiiae nOrpeHIHOCTH HpoeKljHii Ha OCH KOOpjjHHaT Hais-
:jeM no (15) H (16):
a2 (`I) = CI [C;2 (C + I) a2 (C2)},
B
a2 (,ip) = 1 Q1-Q2 2 a2 (CI)+ Cl
C. [ C IQ2 ) Qi
(15)
2
a2 (Qi) L I - Q2 a2 (Q1)1. (16)
CpejjHeKBajjpaTHtIHble HOrpemHOCTH HenocpeJ1cTBeHHO H3Mep5i-
eMbIX BeJIHYHH IIpHHHTbI paBHbIMH 1/3 jgOHyCTHMbIX norpeluHOC'reIi
1aHHOrO 1I3MepeHHH. 3HageHHa a6COJI;oTHbIX (a) H OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX
(6) cpe rTeKBa4paTHlIHbIX HJrpeHIH3CTeIi, HpHHATbIX HBMH nocJIe
TluaTeJIbHOI rpajjyHpOBKII ripu6opa KB-1, npHBejjeHbl B Ta6JI. 1.
2,00
Q
ozp(C) I 'IMu%(Q)
IIpH MaJIbIX 3HageHHAX Q2 HCTOLIHHKOM HOrpeHIHOCTH C2 MO)KET
6bITb HeTOgHOCTb HaCTpOcIKH B pe30HaHC (a8 ). B 3TOM cjiyqae
a2 (C2) - aO2 2 p (C2) + ax (C2) = azp (C2) ? g 2
Q~MUH (Q), (17)
rjje OMUx (Q) - MHHHMaJIbHa 1 BeJIHtIHHa 3aMeTHOTO JIJ151 3KCnepHMeH-
TaTOpa H3MeHeHHB n0J1o}KeHHH yKa3aTeJIR ao6pOT-
HOCTH nPH H3MeHeHHH eMKOCTH;
az p (C2) - HOrpeujHOCTb 3a CqeT HeTOTiHOCTH rpajjyHpOBKH
HIKaJIbI KOHjjeHcaTopa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
gTO6bI HMCTb B03MO)RHOCTb OLjeHHTb TO1HOCTb npeJjnoJlaraeMoro
1I3MepCHHH, LICO6XOJjHMO BbIpa3HTb HOrpeLLIHOCTLI iepe3 o}KH)jaeMbie
3Ha4eHHSi napaMeTpOB H3MepHeMOPO KOHJjencaTopa CX H Qx.
Ec ni JjJOI BbIquCJIeHHa s CHpaBCJjJIHBO (14) u mux~,HU npe11e6pevb
IILTOgHOCTb:O HaCTpOHKH B pe30HaHCC, TO OTHOCHTe.nbHble CpeJjHe-
KBaApaTH4Hbie norpeLHHOCTH MO KHO BbliIHCJIHTb no (18),
(19)
H
(20):
822-2Y+12 82(C)
18
72
(
)
82 (
E2 (C) 4- (x +
'I)
+ I ?~ (Q
19
`
),
-
X2
(
)
7
(x+
2o2(C
+1 ~2
?2(t
g6
Q
=
~
I
20
)
(
o
)
),
)+
(
x
e
T
)
(
(Q) = Q(Q).
(21)
c
C
- C
x
=
1
2
(22)
Y - C1
C1
CxQ1
Q1 - Q2
_
x _
(23)
C1QX
Q2
Moa{HO rOKa3aTb, 4TO (18) - (20) CHpaBeJjJIHBbI 1)IH BbI4HCJIe-
HH'H OTHOCHTCJIbHbIX cpeju-ieKBa,apaTHLIHbIX HorpeHIHOCTeI[ COCTaB-
JISITOIIUHX BXOJ[HOII KOMHJIeKCHOcI eMKOCTH JIK060r0 J[ByxnOJII0CHHKa.
1'13 (18) - (20) o4eBHJIHO, 'ITO cpe2 HeKBaJjpaTHgIHan riorpein-
HOCTb pe3yJlbTaTa H3MepeHHH TeM McHbIHe, LleM McHbine 6(c) H
O (Q), H 3aBHCHT OT napaMeTpOB H3MepHTeJIbHOI3 CXeMbI. AHaJIH3H-
pyx 3TH ypaBHeHHH HJIH aHaJIOPHRIHbie HM, HO nOJIy4eHHbie J JIH Jipy-
mHX MCTOJjOB H3MepeH14H K. A. H. c nOMOH1,bIO KyMeTpa, MO}KHO pe-
[nHTb OJ[Py H3 OCHOBHbIX 3aaa4 TeoprH norpennHOCTeI3 KOCBeHHbIX
H3MepeHHII - On'peJjeJIHTb HapaMeTpbl CXeMbI, HPH KOTOpbIX HorpeHI-
HOCTH H3MepeHHIi MHHH'MaJIbHbI.
ECJIH H3MepHeMbIII KOHJjeHCaTOp HpHCoerwHS]eTCH HenocpeJjCTBeH-
HO K 3a}KHMaM KyMeTpa, T. e. eCJIH 8 BbI4HCJIHeTCI no (14), TO eHH-
CTBeHHbIM npOH3BBOJIbHbIM napaMeTpOM HBJIHeTCSI eMKOCTb H3MepHe-
MOPO KOH, eHcaTOpa. IIpn HpHMeHCHHH KyMeTpa KB-1 OHa MO}KeT
H3MeHHTbCH B ripejjejiax 0< C, KHbi 6bITb Bb16paHbl TBKHM o6pa3OM, 'ITO6bI
OHH yj[OBJIeTBOp5JIH YCJIOBHRM A) H B).
15*
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
bpayXMali H A2aKJjoHaJIbj [n. 8] noKa3aJIH, 4T0 ecAH J1el1CTBH-
TeJIbHaA H MHHMa5 'IacTH K. A. 1I. Bblpa}KaioTCST CJ HKuHHMH BHJja
(1) H (2), TO OHH yJWBJICTBOPAtOT COOT IIOHIeHnAM (4) H (5). CJIego-
BaTeJlbllo, Cum anHpOKCHMHpytoiuHe (pYHKH,HH Bb16pa'rb BHJLa (1) H
(2), TO yCJIOBHA A) H B) 6y,gyT BbInoJ!HenbI.
OCTaeTCSI JIHHIb noJj06paTb TaKOl4 BHq (!)YHKWHH pacnpe?geJIeHHA
G (0), HpH KOTOPOM onpeJr,eJIeHHe napaMeTpOB (pyHKuHH G (0) no Me-
TOiTv HaHMeHbIIIHX KBaJ,paTOB He BbI3bIBaJIo 6bI oco6bIX Tpy/jHOCTecf.
H1H6ojiee npOCTOe peuleHHe noJlygaeTCA npH annpOKCHMaUHH
(])yHKwHH pacnpe,geJIeIIHA JIHHeIHOIi KoM61muReli 3JIeMeHTapHbIX
(j)yHKLHH g (0), J JIA KOTOpbIX H3BeCTHbI aHaJIHTHYeCKHe Bblpa}KeHHA
qaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK:
in
G (0) = E aigi (fl). (30)
i=1
I-IaCTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH B 3TOM CJIy4ae BbIpa}KaIOTCA JIHHeI(-
IIOn KOM6HHauHeli H3BeCTHbIX (])yHKHHlt, a CHCTeMa m+2 ypaBHe-
HHH [Jig OnpeJ CJIeHHA M HCH3BeCTHbIX HOpMHpytOMHX MHO)KHTeJIeII
(aI, ... , am) 14 BeJIH'-IHH 00 H s. HOJIyYaeTCA JIHHe1iHOi4.
HOJIb3yACb TeM 06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM, -ITO T-IaCTOTHb1e xapaKTepH-
CTHKH MaJIO gyBCTBHTeJIbHbI K H3MeHeHH,O q)YHKUHH pacnpe)1eJIeHHA,
MO>KHO npHMCHHTb BCCbMa rpy6y o arInpOKCHMauHtO aeRCTBIHTeJIbHOIR
{ yHKuHH pacnpeJCeaeHHH H Bb16paTb TaKycO annpoKCHMHpyom,yIO
(])yHKLHK), npH KOTOpOIi BbIgHCJIHTeJIbHa5 pa60Ta MHHHMaJIbHa. HaH-
60J1ee HPOCTble Bblpa)KCHHA noJIy'IaK)TCA npH annpOKCHMauHH G (O)
,CyMMO14 8-(pyHKUHH gHpaKa:
m
G (0) _ E ai8 (0 - fIi). (31)
i=11
BpeMeHaMH pe.laKcau-n 3JIeMeHTapHbIX ([)yHKuHI3 (0i) npHXOAHTCH
3aJjaBaTbCA npOH3BOJIbHO, HCXOUA H3 XapaKTepa npeJjBapuTeJIbHO
,,OT pyKH" nOCTpoeHHbIX liaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK.
HpH annpOKCHMauHH (])YHKWIIH pacnpe,ge.ieHHA Bblpa)KeHHCM (31)
m ki
2'(m)-e~++1wei12
i=1
Qo + m kiwei
e" (w) = corn t 1 + (we112
iLL=..//I
ki=ai(s,-ate).
(32)
(33)
(34)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
)Jig onpeAeJIeHHH HeH3BeCTHbIX KO3)*1 1HeHTOB kJ H 3Ha'IeHHiI
H Q0 MO}KHO BOCnOJIb3OBaTbCH yCJIOBHeM MNHNMyMa CyMMbI KBa
jpaTOB a6COJIIOTHbIX OTKJIOHeHHII:
M
r
a) I (k...... k12, ZOO,
= min, (35)
r;ie pi H gi - BeCOBble K03(J*HUNeHTbI Ae19CTBHTe,'IbHOI3 H MHIIMOI'I
COCTaBJIHIOILI,HX HpH l-M 113MepeHHN:
I 1 (36)
pi = ~,) ; q;= ~ci
YcJIOBHe (35) npHBOAHT K CHCTeMe (m + 2) JIHHefHbIX ypaB-
iieHHH BHAa
Oki
ECJIH 3HaHIeHHH >;' H E" Me?KJjy co6oi 3Ha'IHTeJIbxo oTJIHtIaIOTCH
HJIH ec iii OJI,Ha H3 3THX BeJIHHHH OqeHb CHJIbHO H3MeHHeTCH HpH
II3MeHeHHH T-IaCTOTbI, TO HpH BbIHO.7IHeHHH YCJIOBHH (36) OTHOCHTeJIb-
Hble OTKJIOHeHHSI HaIMeHbl1HX HO a6c0JIIOTHOMy 3Ha'IeFIHIO 3KCHe-
pHMeHTaJIbHbIX BeIIHTIHH OT HX pacTieTHOrO 3HaTIeHHH MOryT 6bITb
OTIeHb 6oJIbulHMH. B 3THX CJIyTIaAX AJIH onpeJ[eJIeHHH HelI3BeCTHbIX
diyTlHie HCXOJI,HTb H3 YCJIOBH51 MHHHMYMa CyMMbI KBa)ZpaTOB OTHOCH-
TeJIbHbIX OTKJIOHeHHH:
(1)2 (ki,
in' Eoo'
n 2 o0)~P2
i C1 - +
i=7 y~
r
Ei min (38)
2 E? lU' 2
L i J
KOTOpOe TaK}Ke npHBOAHT K CHCTeMe JIHHeI3HbIX ypaBHeHHli.
,UJIH 110010cTpaII$H npeAJIO}KeHHbIX McTO,1ZOB npHBeAeM c.Ier ylo-
IuHcl npHMep.
C ueJlblo BbIHCHeHH'H BO3MO}KHOCTH HpHMeHeHHH J ii3JIeKTpHTIe-
CKOro HarpeBa HpH o4HCTKe OTO JIbLa JIOpWKHbIX fOKpbITHH HCCJIeLO-
BaJIHCb T-IaCTOTHble xapaKTepHCTHKH 3arp5I3HeHH0ro Jlbaa. O6pa3ubl
no XHMNTIecKOMy COCTaBy H ()H3HTI'eCKOH CTpyKType COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH
JIbAy, o6pa3y10HIeMycH Ha AOpO}KHbIX nOKpbITHHX B eCTeCTBeHHbIX
yCJIOBHHX. Ha pHC. 5 npe'JZCTaBJIeHbI 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHb1e 3HaT3eHHH
C if s HpH TeMnepaType -5 H -10?C A.u o6pa3ua C 3arpH3He-
HHeM 1,9%. )IJIH ouHOro pu is 3HaTIeHHIt HoKa3aHbl cpeJlHeKBaApa-
THTIHbie HOrpeNIHOCTH. rlpH BbITIHCJIeHHH norpellHOCTH J~eIiCTBIITeJ1b-
HoII COCTaBJIHIon1eH HpeAHOJIaraJIOCb, 'ITO nOrpe1UHOCTb HpH onpe-
229
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
J eJieHHH eMKOCTH KOaK'CnaJibHOro (~Haepa He OKa3bIBaeT Cyn1eCTBeH-
HOrO BJIHHHHH Ha HorpeIIIHOCTb pe3yJlbTaTa, T. e.
C
(E~) = a (CX) Cz "co
(39)
Me 6(CX)- OTHOCHTeiIbHaH cpeJHeKBa,ZpaTHTIHaH norpeLHHOCTb BXOjj-
Holi eMKOCTH Harpy3KeHHOro (4H,repa (CX), a C f, - eMKOCTb (mH-
Ilepa.
0
0,01
f~
fu
,1
PHc. 5. %CTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH 3arp5MeHHOro :1b,ga.
1 - e' npH t = -5? C; 2 - e' npn t - -10? C; 3 - e" npH t m -5? C; 4 - e'' npn t = -10? C.
npH BbITIHCJIe.HHH norpen.IHOCTeH BJIHSIHHeM napa3nTHbIX HHlyK-
TnBHOCTeII MO}KHO npene6peglb.
(yHKUHH pacnpeljeJleHHH 6bIJIa arrrlpOKCHMHpOBaHa CyMMOII
o-(pyHKuHH C TIaCTOTaMH penaKCa11HTi 0,05; 0,10; 1,0 H 10 M2t.1.
B pe3yJlbTaTe peIIIerIHST CHCTeMbI HIeCTH ypaBHeHHII 6bIJr fOJ1yLIeHb1
3HaTleHHSi K09((HILHeHTOB, npHBeaeHHble B Ta6JI. 2.
Ta6.nHUa 2
Temneparypa, ?C I k, I k2 I k3 I kE I e00
- 10 I 12,6 ( 0,01 I 0,97 I 0,58 I 2,78 I 0,478.10-6
--5 10,2 1,08 1,03 0,63 3,20 0,596 10-6
CpaBHnsasi 3HaT1eHH9 Ko34)l IuHeHTOB k npH TeMneparype -10
H -5?C, MO}KHO CJ[eJlaTb 3aKJuogeHHe, TITO ()yHK-
IjH'H pacnpellejleHrISI npH nOBbIHIeHHH TeMnepaTypbl CjBHraeTCN
B 06JIaCTb .6OJIee BbICOKHX qaCTOT. npOBQIIHMOCTb C POCTOM TeMne-
p3Typbl HeCKOJIbKO B03paCTaeT.
Fpa(1JHKH, npHBeaeHHbie Ha pHC. 5, nOJIyTIeHbI npH BbITIHCJIeHHH
H c" no (32) rI (33) npH 3HatleHFAX KO9t~#UHeHTOB k1,..., k,,,
H Be.IIHTIHH e?? H 60, rIpHBe)JeHHbIX B Ta6Jt. 2.
230
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1. rlpiH IH3MepeHHH K. )J. H. C HOMOMbIO KyMeTpa Ha uaCTOTax BbI-
rue Diem 5-10 Me14 B pe3yAbTaTax H3MepeItHH Ha6JHoualoTc5I CHCTe-
MaTHzieCKHe norpelUHOCTH, HCKa)KaK)HI,He XOJI tIaCTOTHbIX xapaKTe-
pHCTHK. 11pe,iJlaraeTC51 Me'r0JZ yqeTa H HCKJIIOLIeHH1H 9THX norpeHlHo-
creH.
2. CpeJtxeKBaupaTHUHble cJlygaciHble norpeIIHOCTH H3MepeHHI
3aBHCHT or 3HatIeHH51 napaMeTpOB CXeMbl, B rIaCTHOCTH OT eMKOCTH
iKeHHOCTxx BHewHero n0JIA 675
H 1 560 s.
HHTHax npOHHuaeMOCTb HaMarITHgeHHorO (peppOMarHeTHKa CTaHO-
3IITCH TeH30PHOfI BeJHLIHHOil. EcnH nOCTO5IH'HOe none Hanpan ieno
B.IIOJIb OOH Z, TO MaTp,Hua TeH3Qpa MO>KeT 6bITb :n,PHBeAeHa 'K .BH,1y:
P -- i L 0
0
0 0 1L
Aim (4eppoMarHeTHKa, HaMarHT1LIeHHoro aO HacbIIueHH51, 3Hatie-
HH51 BenHgHH 11, `2 H taz BnepBble 6bIJIH BbItIHCneHbI IIOJIAepoM
[JI. 10].
HeHaCIMUeHHbII3 (leppOMarHeTHK COCTOHT H3 OTAeJIbHbIX o611a-
CTeii, B npeaenaX KOTOpbIX HaMaFHmeHHOCTb coxpaHHeT 1OCT0HHHOe
3HatleHH,e. MarHHTHas H rHpoMarHHTHaB npOHHuaeMOCTb Kax, pe,4, C. B. BOHCOBCKHS.
IIJI, 1951.
6. H. Imo. K a T K O B H K. M. FI O JI H B a H o B, MarHHTHble CneKTpbl M1ia-
TepHaJla, 06yCJI0BJIeHHble MaKpoCKOnH9ecKOf1 CTpyKTypon, H3B. AH CCC),
cep. 1)H3., 1954, T. 18, cTp. 419.
7. K. X O r a H, (I>eppOMarHHTHbIS 3("eKT (Dapaaea Ha CBepXBbICOIIHX qa-
CTOTax H ero npHMeHeHHH. BOnpoCbl paaHOJIOKal(HOHHOS TeXHHKH, 1953, Ns 4.
8. A. B n p K c, ECTeCTBeHHbIS (peppoMarHHTHbIN pe30HaHC H pe30HaHC B npH-
CVTCTBHH nOCT'OHHHOrO BHefHerO OOJIH. CTaTbH 35 B [JI. 2].
9. K. M. H0.IHBai0B, $I. H. Kon. ii n M. 5. Xacnii a, Bpaluenlle
nJIOCKOCTH II0JI2pH3ai(HH CaHTHMeTp0BbTX BOJIH ([)eppHTOBOfi Inafi6ofi, II3B. AH
CCCP, cep. 4)n3., 1954, T. 18, cTp. 350.
10. A. H o a a e p, K Teopnn q)eppomiarHHTHoro pe30Hanca. CTaTbH 8
B [JI. 2].
11. C. T. R a d o, Theo:-', of the microwave permeability tensor and Fa-
raday effect in ronsatnrated ferromagnetic materials, Phys. Rev., 1953,
T. 89, J'5 2.
12. A. A. Th. Al. van T r i e r, Guided electromagnetic waves in 1aniso-
tropic media., Appl. Sci. Res., 1953, T. 3. cTp. 305.
13. R. K. W a n g s n e s s, Sublattice effects in magnetic resonance, Phys.
Rev., 1953, T. 91, cTp. 1085.
14. L. Neel, Some theoretical aspects of rock-magnetism, Adv. Phy s.,
1955, T. 4, 191.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
6b1CTPOJjEHCTBYIO[IjHH MAf HHTHbf I YCHJIHTEJ1b
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16* 243
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
T. e. H3MeHeHHe HHJjyKHHH HpOHOpUHOHaJIbHO BeJIHLIHHC KHOrJrOHjeH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
YBeJIHignTb BeJIHtIHHy 3TOP0 'roi a HpH (jHKCHpOBaHHOM HaHPH)KeHII1I
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216
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BIITCH paBHOBecHe cxeMbI. CKa3aHHoe HJIJIIOCTPHpyeTCH Ha pHC. 4 H
3, rp,C e - Hanp5 KeHHe, HpIVIO}KeHHOe K OJjHO13 H3 06MOTOK COOT-
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HPOTHBJICHHe HCTOYHHKa nHTaHHSI).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Memoduxa pacltema ycu.1zume.2u upu Keu3eecmubtx za6apu-
max cepdet!HUK081. 1. BeJIHI1HHy 6aJIJIaCTHOro ConpOTHBJIeHIIA R.
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LIeM WH, TO BO3MO>KHOCTb pa3MelljeHHH OOMOTOK 6y,jeT OHpeJje'THTbCH
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Jzpyr Jjpyra. TIOITOMy JjJIA Ka>KjLOrO KOHKpeTHOFO CJIyLIaH HpOeKTH-
254
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
pOBaHHH 6yJjeT 13MCTb McCTO MHHHMBJ1bHO B03M0>KHOe 4HCJIO BHT-
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17 TpYAw M3H, Bun. XXVII. 257
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
303M0}ICraBJlexbi
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NI. 1 6)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
ra,e al - amriaHTyaa 1-ro ullxjia;
ak - aMnjwHTy,aa k-ro uHKJIa.
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IIbIM.
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Ha TOHIHOCTb HOJIHOI'O pellleHHH 3aia'IH 6bhT0 npoBeIIeHO BKCIIepHMeIl-
TaJIbHOe onpeJjeJIeHHe BapHauHH aMnJIHTy,jbI HP'e1j'eJIbHOPO ui'rx:Ia
aBTOKOJIe6a.H'H~ Au, npm BapHauHiX KO3)(" UIWIITOB peLHacMoro
ypaBHeHHx Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, An.
Pe3yJISraTbl 9KCnepn:MeIITa J1J151 TpeX TO'leK OJLHOFO H3 petueHHil
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TaX OT 'reKVmero (yCTaHOBoeuHOrO) 3HageHH5j.
1'13 pacCMOTpeHHI Ta6J1. 2 BHJIHO, LITO TIaCTHble norpeluHocril
pe3yJIbTaTOB penleHHH B 6oJIbu1HHCTBe CJIy iaeB He npeBblulalo'r !no-
rpeHIHOCTH yCTaHOBKH HCXO/ZHbix gaHHbIX.
HcxonHble JjaHHbTe: KO3CJCjJHUHeIITbI peluaeMoro ypaBHeHHH, B
TOM HHCJIe H HeJIHHeIIHbIII KO3(j4HuHeHT f2(na), Haga.)-IbHble yCIO-
BHH, a:VIHJIHrryjja npene.nbHOrO UHKJIa, PaCCLIHTbIBaJIHCb H yCTaHaBJIH-
BaJIHCh C TpeMH 3HaHIaljHMH uH(ppaMH.
flpHBejjeHHblri npHMep rIOKa3bIBaeT, 4TO OHHCaHHaH BbIIIIe McTO-
JIHKa BbIABJIeHHA H KOMHeHCauHH CHCTeMaTHgeCKOII uorpeni iocm
JIIIHeIIHbIX peuialOIUHX 3JIeMCHTOB JjaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb HOBbICHTb TOtI-
HOCTb pemeHIPu 3aaaTIH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
f(Vi l`II"C ~I, j,~
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HpO][3BCAeHbI Hy'reM He TOJIbKO CBeAeHHH 3aJjaHI1OrO YpaBHeHHH
K BH3y (10) H aHaJIH3a CHHyCOH,Lla.-mHOI'O peHIeHHA, HO H riyTeM
cBelellHH K ypaBHeHHHM BHJ[a
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II LIaJIH3a 3KCHOHeHllHa,gbHOFO pemeHHH. B 9TOM cJIyT-Iae TO'3HOCTb
pellIeHHSi HpoBepaeTC9 B TCM Hm40)KeHH5T pemeHHK y m lty
it .
TaKHM o6pa3oM, CBe,st 3aaaIIHOe ypaBHeIIHe K ypaB110,111110 milli
CHCTeMe ypaBHeHHri C H3BeCTHbIM allaJIHTH'ieCKHM peifeHH'eM, B03-
MO)KHO BbIABJI5ITb H KOMH?HCHpOBaTb CHCTeMaTI[qeCKYlO riorpem-
HOCTb pCmaIOHJHX 3JIeMeJTOia II TeM CBMblM HOBbIIHaTb TOXIHOCTb pe-
IIIe]IHST 3a,7alIH.
7114TEPATYPA
1. H. E. K o 6 p H H C K H H. MaTeMaTHL]eCKHe MamHnbl nenpepblBHOro AeA
/TBHH, FI-ITTJI, 1954.
2. F. K O P H H T. K o p H, 3aeKTpOHHbie MoAenHpYIOIUHe yCTpO ICTBa,
IM, 1955.
3. Tpynbl Bcecolo3HOro coBeutaHHa nO TeopHH aBTOMaTH9ecKoro perynnpo-
I,IHHII, T. 111, H3A. AH CCCP, 1955.
4. M. M. T e T e Jl b 6 a y M, MouenH (f1H3H4eCKHX CHCTCM, KOHcneKT JIeK
11u1H, 14311. M3II, 1955.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PA3PABOTKA H HCIIbITAHHE METOJLHKH
ABTOMATH9ECKOFO OB'bEKTHBHOFO KOHTPOJI51
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uumeuep B. M. O8tfUHHUKO6, K(iH?. inexu. uayK B. B. C1cyeapee,
uu.rn'euep A. F. Tumoa
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rpy60K IIHJHKaTOPOB SIBJIBeTCB HX pa3pelllaloil[aSI cnoco6HOCTb.
Pa3pelualolHaa cn000611oCTb B OCHOBIIOM 3aBHCHTOT H1HpH?HbI JIHHHH-
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Bce HIHpOKO 143BeCTHble McTO,JbI KOHTPOJIB IHHPHHbi JIHHHH HJIII
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I1Obi Ta6JIHUbi SIB.IIBeTCH JIIO6oli CTalljapTHbIi Teae'BI13HOIlIlblld pacTp.
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oljeHKH MOMeIITO Hcgre3H0B,eHHB JI1411e0t4aTOH CTpvKTVpbl, OTO MO}KeT
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pacTpa; AJIB 3JIeKTpOHHO-JIyiICBbIX HIIJjHKaTopoB C 6oJIbLHHM BpeMe-
11e,M HOCJICCBeIeHIHI JgjIHTeJIIHOCTb HpOIjeCCa C}KaTHB IICJ WHYCTHMO
BCJIHKa, iiio6a5I IICHbITKa yCKOpeHHSI C}KaTHB HPHBOJIHT K 60JIbIIIHM
OHIHCK1I M.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H3 H3,10WeHHOFO c,a.ej(yeT HeHplrojlHocTb Me'ror a C}KaTHR paCT-
pa KJIR aBTOMaTHLIeCKOF o 6biCTpOJjefICTByiOIUerO 06-beKTHBHOFO KOH-
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xce LIeTHO}i (YHKUHe1 fo*:
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rjje B - 3HaLFeHHe RPKOCTH Ha paCCTOHHHH r OT OCH JIHHHH;
Bm - MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaTIeHHe RPKOCTH JIB HUH (Ha OCH);
2r,==a - uIHpHHa BHaHMOI1 (?3KBHBaJIeHTHOFI ") paBHOMepHo OCBC-
IIjeHHOA ineJIH.
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IieHHOYI B M31I HOJj PYKOBOJI,CTBOM npoCJ. B. A. (Da6pHKaHTa.
B yKa3aHHoi pa6oTe yCTaHOBJIei-IO, B LIaCTHOCTH, LITO IIIHpaHa BHJ(H-
MOfI HjeJIH COOTBeTCTByeT HJHPHH-e JIHHHH Ha ypOBHe B/B =0,4.
OLIeBHJjHO, LITO fo(0) =1, fo('1) =0,4 H Be.aH'IHHa HOTOKa
paBHa:
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0
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U2 = K2Bm, MO}KHO JleIKO OHpe) eJIHTb BHJ[HMY1O IUHPHHY JIHHHH . a:
UI K1 _ aKi = Ka, (4)
K2 K2Bm - K2
K = Kzi . (5)
B TOM CJIy'iae, Kor/aa Heo6xo,uHMa OT6pax0BKa Ha rOJiHbIC
(a< ao) H 6paK (a ao), 3aaalla peiuaeTcri euje nporue. Bb16HpaR
KI H K2 TaKHMH, LITO6bI
K = aK 2 a
(6)
* 3Hagieuue to (1) = 0,4 Bb16HpaeTCR Aim HaH1HX yCJ1OBFIf1 9 KBHBaJ1eHTHOCTII
HIHpHHbl JIHHHIj H HI0JIH; OHO MO}KCT 6bITb H HHbIM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
U1 a
U2 ap (7)
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UI 11 U2, a H3MCpeHHble Hanp51%eHH51 JIH60 nOAaTb Ha 6J1OK cpaBHC-
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pyiOlljCfJ KaTyUIKIi. BJIOK 1BJIHCTCH CTaHJjapTHbIM.
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(~yHKLUHIO HOHOJIHHTeJIbHOrO McXaHH3Ma AJIA (pHKCHPOBaIIHH pe3yJlb-
raTOB H3MepeHH51.
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He'pHOAHqeCKH CHHMaeTC51 pacnpe,e.neHHe HpKOCTH HO IIIHPHHe .;IH-
26')
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IIHH B BHJ[e HaIIpHMKeHHM, MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HatIeaHHe H HOCTOHHIIaH
CoCTaBJIHIomwi KOTOpOrO CpaBHHBaiorc i. HHxKe HpHBOJjHTCH OnHCa-
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R - paCCTOHHHe OT 3epKaiia Ao IIjejIn;
/1 - TIHCJIO o60POTOB 3epKa.Iia B MHIIyTy.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
,gjiH ouCHKH pa6oTbl yci pollCTBc'1 cyluec'rBeHHa BeJIH'IHHa cKBa}K-
HOCTH HMHYJIbCOB -q. OHa onpequiReTCH ,rJIHTeJIbHOCTb1O HMny,'IbCa 'c
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>KBHHa Ha COTIpOTHBJIeHHr1 RI (pHC. 2). B JI,aHHOrl cxeie U,,=4,00 8,
tt? =2 Matt; RI=2,8 Mom; R=750 KOM; Uo=U+ U?=1 650 8.
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co6CTBe.HHOIi eMKOCTH nOCJIeJIHIIX KaCKaaGB He OCTaeTCa [IOCTOHH-
HbIM, a HCnbITbIBaeT pe3KHe CKa4Koo6pa3Hbie H3MeHeHHH (TOK Tiepe3
279
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IICJIHTeJlb He yCHe'BaeT HOHOJIIIHTb 3apH., yHOCIIMbIM C KaCK3Jja BTO-
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AeJIIITeJIH HaHPH%eHHH LHyHTHPyIOTCH KaeTC2 ona
,iepe3 COnpOTHBJIeHHe RI+RI'? (DOpMa HanpH}KeHHSI Ha Bbixoae nHK-
AeTeKTOpa noKa3al-ta Ha pHe. 11. IIYHKTHpOM BOKa3aH HMnyJIbC
BXOJIHOrO HaHD5DKeHIITI. q)OpMa BbIXOZHOrO Hanp5T}KeHHSi nOKa3aHa
CnJIOIHHOII JIHHHeRI. EMKOCTb C1 H COnpOTHBJIeHHH R1 H RI' paccriH-
IbIBaK)TCTI IPCXO,2H 113 aOrIYCTHMOrO Cnaja Hanp51}KeHHH AU, KOTO-
pblM OnpeaeJITIIOTCSI nyJlbCaUHH BbIXOgHOrO Hanp5ixmiHST. 3aJJaBaHCb
HallpH}KeHHeM nyJlbCauni AU MHOrO McHbIHHM, LieM H3MeueHHe aM-
ne1HTy,rbI BXOAHbIX HMnyJIbCOB, HMeeM:
t,
URx" Uex - DU,
ti = (RI +RI)C1.
ConpoTHBJIeHHe. R1' CJIy}KHT AJIH JeJieHH5I BbIXCJjHOFO Hann5DKe-
111tH H H3 3T11X COO6paxceHHTi Bb16HpaeTC51.
B AaHHOH Ha cpHr. 10 cxeMe C1=0,1 Amp; R1=14 Mom, Aiml
6X6C.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
6. L enb
CxeMa ueHH HHTerpHpOBaHHH ()aKTH'IeCKH SIBJIHOTCH (j 1JIbTpOM
HH3KHX gacT'o'r JLJI5T BbI;ZeJIeHHSI HOCTORHHOII COCTaBJrslloruei, nporiop-
uHo1IaJlbH0il 0. OHa npHBeaena Ha pHC. 12 BMecre c o61ueii cxeMoi'n
6JIOKa HHK-,IjeT'eKTOpa. HerIOCpeJjcTBeHHO 3JIe-
McHTaMII FIBJIRIOTCH COHpOTHBJIeHHe R4 It C.I.
Bo3M,0,}Kel1 BapHaHT HpHMeHeHIIH MHOFOHrI'eUKOBOi4 uenb 1,aae- JIyHlHIHe pe3yJIb'TaTbI. TaK KaK HMHyJTbcbi Ha 1, eCJIH Bbino.lHSIeTCA
VCJIOBHe d 6, a TaK}Ke ecjiii npOBO?jHMOCTb ri ieHKn HMeeT npeHMy-
II1eCTBeHH0 aKTHBHbIII XapaKTep.
IIpn 3Haq'HTeJIbH0,M norJloHjeHHH B
H.;IeHKe Heo6xoJrHmo yLIeC'Tb BOJIHy,
0Tpa?KenrHyIO OT nJIeHKH. B103HHKaO-
BeIIHe HOBbIX THROB BOJIH He MO}KCT
HMeTb McCTa B OHJIy COBHa,'.1.eHH5I HO-
BepXHOCTH IIJIeHKH C Cpp0HT0M BOJIHbl.
TaKHM o6pa30M, JTocTaTot1Ho paccMOT-
PeTb TPH B'OJIHbI OAHOPO H TOPO ;Ke
THna: HpTlMylo, o6paTHyIO (orpaweH-
Hylo) H BOJIHy, nponIe, niylo cK'B03b
nJIeHKy. Pic. 3. Pacnpo::TpaHCHHe Tpex
HanpH}KeHHoc:TH H0HepeLIH0PO 3JIeK- BO.nH B BoJIHoBo1 e npH BK.nI0LIe-
TpINOCK0170 TOJIH C.IleBa (nepej rune-n_ Hii n.TeHKB.
Kola) H cnpaBa OT IIJIe.HKH (pH-c. 3)
npH d 1. 'aim nOJiynpoBogxlueM
nJIeHKH (HanpHMep, npH a - 102 1 IOAt ? Ac) B CJIy'ae BOJIH THna TE
COOTHOIHeHHe d < ~ CnpaBefJIHBO BBJIOTb jj0 3HaTIeHHIt g nopSIAKa 3.
CJlytiai3 COrJiaCOBaHHOH HJIeHKH, npHBJlexaBinHu paHee OCHOBHOe
BHnMaHHe, MO}KeT 6blTb JIerKO paCCMOTpeH, ec iu HOJIO)KHTb B (17)
g = 1. TorAa AJ151 BCeX THn0B BOJIH yCJIOBHe corJIaCOBaHHSH nJIeHKH
HMeeT BHji:
(adz)coznacos I'
dcoznacos- az
(19)
B '-IaCTHOCTH, AJni BOJIH THna TE TOJIHI,HHa corJiacoBaHHOIi HJIeHKH
onpe,aeJIHeTCR ypaBHeHHeM
co?Aaco8TE
(20)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
TaKO!=i xie pe3yJlb1'aT MO}KeT 6bITb JIerKO nwwlygeH H3 HenOCpeJj-
CTBeHHOrO paCCMOTpeHHH naJjaiouJeli H nOrJIOHJaeMoc MOHJHOCTe14 Ha
eJLHHHLjy noBepxnocTH nJIeHKH.
Y4aCTOK BOJIHOBo4a, HaXOJJALLLHi CA 3a fJIeHKON, He aOJI}KeH HO-
rJIOLLjaTb BbICOKOIIaCTOTH01i 3HeprHH. DTOMy MO}KHO yJjOBJ1eTBOpHTIh
npH KOJOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH ygaCTKa BOJIHOBOJja 3a nJ1eHK0ii, a TaK}KO
col-JIaCHO ypaBHeHHIO (12) npH paBeHCTBe HyJIIO Har1pHxtieHHOCTH HO-
nepe9Horo MarunTHOTO HOJIH Ha 3aJ[Heli IOBCpXHOCTH nJIeHKH, HO-
CKOAbK P0111 2 EnaenKUHcnpaea npN Eranexxu CJICJjoBaTeJ1bHO,
nJIeHKa JjOJDKiia 6bITb pacnoJ1o)T eHa B y3JIe CTOH9eii BOJIHbI MarHHT-
HOrO HOJIH, T. e. Ha a
paCCTOAHHH -4 q
OT KOpOTK03aMbIKaK)CLjerO
nOpLHHH. JTOT BbIBOJ CJIeJjyeT 11 H3 KOHIjenUHH BXOJIHOrO CoIIpO-
THBJIeHH51 yYaCTKa BOJIHOBOJja, pacnOJlO}KeHHOTO 3a nJ1eHKOif.
CorJIaCOBaHHaH BOJIHOBOJLHaB Harpy3Ka, o6pa3oBaHHa5i norJlo-
HjaIou ex n.HeHKOII H KOpOTK03aMb1KaI0I1J11M fopwHeM, o6JIaJjaeT He-
JOCTaTogHOfi J1,Haria3OHHOCTbIO H 6oJibmOrO npaKTH ieCKOro IIHTe-
peca B HaCTOALLjee Bpel\IA He npeJLCTaBJIHeT. PaCCMOTpeHHe corJla-
COBaHHOii nJIeHKH HMeeT cxopee HpHHIjHnHaJIbnoe 3HageHHe, TaK
KaK n03BOJIReT YHCHHTb KOHKpeTHblc lJH3HYeCKHI3 CMbICJI XapaKTe-
pHCTHgeCKOro COnpOTHBJIeHHH BOJIHOBOJja z= ( E-) , KOTOpOC
H nonepegK
BBOJIHTCH o6b19H0 TOJIbKO Ha OCHOBaHHn allajiorHH Me}KJ[y ypaBHe-
HHHMH HOJIA H gJIHHHbIX JIHHHIi.
I oJIygeHHbie COOTHOnIeHHH HOKa3bIBalOT, LITO XapaKTepHCTIIge-
CKOe COnPOTHBJIeHHe YHCJIeHHO paBHO COnpOTHBJIeHHK) e4HHHH,bI nO-
BepXHOCTH (113MepeHHOMy Ha HOCTOHHHOM TOKe) TOHKOM nJIeHKH,
o6ecnegHBafoweFI corjlacoBaHHe BOJIHOBOJja. BennHqHHa XapaKTepH-
CTHTIeCKOTO COHPOTIIBJIeHHH BOJIHOBoJja npOH3BOJIbHOrO CeLIeHHA
(H JIIo6oii JIHHHH) npHHUHnHaJIbHO noJjlaeTCA HenOCpeLlcTBeHHOMy
H3MepeHHIO - 06CTO5ITeJIbCTBO, Ha KOTopoe, HaCKOJIbKO H3BeCTHO
aBTOpy, He 06pauJaJIocb JjOJI}KHOrO BHHMaHHA.
5. IlpaKTH9eCKoe OCylljeCTBJIeHHe HJIeHKH
PeaJIH3aIJHr TOHKON nJIeHKH, o6ecnegHBaK)Luef Tpe6yeMyio Be-
JIHqHHy 9KBHBaJleHTHOI1 aKTHBHOII HPOBOJjHMOCTH g, HaTaJIKHBaeTC51
Ha HeKOTOpble npeHATCTBHA.
B CJIyilae McTaJIJIH4eCKOjJ IIJIeHKH TOJIIIJHHa ee OKa3blBaeTCr
BeCbMa Majloli (d (nepeBOA c anrJI. noA peg. P. N. ffepeu),
KCOBeTCKoe paAHo>>, 1950.
2. M. B. JI e 6 e A e B, CBepxBblcoxovaCTOTHble ra3opa3pHAHb!e npH6opu.
C6opHHK CTaTeH > 1103
pe.a. F. A. TclryHOBa, I'oc3HeproH3AaT, 1956.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OCE(HJIJIOCKOHH4EGKHH HHJI,HKATOP K BOJIHOMEPY
Cmydexm V Kypca If. H. {1eau8iUK0e-MapuHcKu4
1. BBeAeiue
143MepeHHe AJIHHbi BOJIHbI B CaHTHMeTpOBOM AHana3oHe BO1IH
npOH3BOAHTCH C HOMOLLIb10 pe30HaHCHbIX BOJIHOMepOB C nep-eCTpaH-
BaeMbIMH nOJIbIMH pe3oHaTOpaMH. 1],JISI HHJ111KaIjHH pe3oHaHca HC-
IIOJIb3ylOTCH pa3JIHIIHble CHCTeMbI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pe?KHMa PeHe-
paruHH (HMnyJIbCHbIYi HJIH HenpepbIBHbIK) H MOI1 HOCTH reH?epxpye-
ioro cr rHaJra.
B pe?KHMe Heupepb&BHOH renepau11H HHAHxauHH peaoaaxca Mo-
}I{eT npOH3BOAHTbC$ HO CTpeJIOLIHOMy npH6opy (raJIbBaHoMeTpy).
BbHIpHIMJIeHHOe Han.poKed-IHe, CHHMaeMOe C HOJlynpoBOILHHKOBOro
JjeTeKTOpa BOJIHOMepa, noAaeTCSI 111160 HenOCpeACTBeHHO Ha npH6op
PHC. I. CHOC06b1 HHjHKauHH
11tH H3MepeHHH j[JIHHbI BOJI-
Hb! B HenpepblBHOM pexKHTenbHblM (pHc. 14).
AHaJIHTH4eCKH BXOAHoe Hanp,H)KeHHe, aeACTByioLuee Ha KOHTyp, MO3KH'O 3a-
nHcaTb B cne1ylolljeM Blue:
uax(t)=U,(-I.-kt), (1)
HJIH B oneparopaod 4)opMe
Uez (P) k
= Uo ~- 1 p
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
rie U()-Ha9aJlbHbla CKa40K HanpB}KeHHH Ha KOHType;
k= 8 - yrnoBO:i K031).()HHUGHT, Onpe,ZeJIB o-ilH i CKOpJCTb HapacratfiH Ha-
npi}KeHHH.
3annuieM Hanpa eHHe Ha BeHTHJe B onepaTOpuOa (lOpMe B BHAe:
k
F UB(P) ~p 1\;(`p+1)W0
UB(p)
pI + 2ap-f-w o
HO H306pa}KeHnrO U, ,(p) HeTpye'jHO IIOJIy4HTb Bblpa KeuHN jina HanpA}KeHHH
Ha BeHTHJIe 11, (t).
O.gHaKO npH TOM noJlyOaeTCB CJIHIHKOM rpoM031(KOe Bblpa3KeHHe, nO3TOMy
^piMea HeKOTOpble ynpoiua)oujne 1 oriyme.Insl.
TaK KaK BeJIH1HHa jjo)aBoioor0 COnporHBJIeuna r B uenH KOHaeHCaTopa
HeBeJIHKa, TO MO}KHO npHHHTb:
F3 TaKOM cJlygae
ue (t) _ (kc -- 1) [ I - e-at cos Wot) - W(,ce -at s in (,),,t +
k
+ kt + e -at sin Wot.
d IIHTbIBaR, OTO
a TaK}Ke, 4To
HOJI y'1HM:
2r
wo. = To ti H To - 0,
kti = (Y ^ 0,
u,, (t) =kt--1 e at cos coot k
a O o + sin Wot~ . (6)
0
1.2J10 CKOpOCTb napaCTaHnsi Ha[IpR}Keimi MaJla n0 cpaBHeHHTO C CO6CTBeHHOi1
T
ooacTOTOii KOHTypa H I} = 4
4t
ae (t) _ - I + e -at cos Wpt.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
EcnM npeHe6pe9b 3aTyxaHHeM cBo60AHbIX Kone6aHnH KoHTypa, CocTo n ero
113 HachlolalotueroCH apocceJ1 H KOHAeHcaTOpa, TO H3 (7) MO?KHO OnpeAeJHTb
npenenbl C06CTBeHHOH 4aCTOTbI Kone6aHHH (00 9TOr0 KoHTypa.
LIacTOTa CO6CTBeHHbIX Kone6aHHH KoHTypa aon}KHa ne KaTb B npe1enaX
oT wo= u'a Ao o0=2 Wu r-lam -,, -4aCTOTa ImBepTOpa. TaKHM o6pa3OM, npH
113MeHeH41 9aCTOTw HHBepTopa Heo6XOAHMO H3MeH5]Tb H CO6CTBeHHyIO 4aCTOTy
WO= V Lc
KaK y?Ke VKa3bIBaJIOCb, BenH4HHa HHAYKTHBHOCTII HacbIIualouleroca ApOc
CenB npHHATa nOCTOAHHOH AJIA YnpOnleHHA pac'ieTa B aeACTB4TeJIbHOCTH aKe
oHa H3MeHfleTCA B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nonollceHHH pa6o4eii TO9KH Ha KpHBOH Ha-
IUarHHgHBaHHB. f aTomy ,c06CTBeH'Hall 4aCTOTa KoHTypa Mo?KeT 6bITb onpeAeae-
Ha JiHnlb npu6nH}KeHHO Kpoie TOrO, npH H3MeHeHHH HaianbHorO nOAMarHn4H-
HaHHA nojo?KeHHe HaganbHOH To4KH 2 (pHc. 6,a)
113MeHfleTC54, B CB513H C 9THM H3MeHfleTCA TaKaKe j(/ ul3
It Cpe1HBH HHAyKTHBHOCTb Hacblulaloul.erOcfl
apocceJlH, TaK KaK H3MeHfleTC51 4aCTn4HbIH n,HKJI
11epeMarHH4HBaHH5i, KOTOpblH onpeAenfleT HHAyK-
TIIBHOCTb Apoccena.
143MeHeHHe nOCTOBHHOrO noAMarHH4HBaHHa
ITO3BOnfleT B HeKOTOpbIX npeaenax H3MeH5lTb
co6CTBeHHylo 4aCTOTY KoHTypa, 4eM MO]KHO
HoCnOnb3OBaTbC5] npH 9KCnepHMeHTanbHOH n0A-
rOHKe 4aCTOTbI CO6CTBCHHbIX Kone6aHHH KoHTypa
I-Io K Tpe6yeMOH BeJIH4HHe.
Pe?KHM pa60Tbi npeo6pa3oBaTena 4aCTOTb1,
npe1Ha3HateHHOrO AJ15 nHTaHHA aCHHXpOHHbIX
;!BHraTeneH, XapaKTepH3yeTC51 TeM, 4To HanpA-
,KeHHe Ha Bb1xoLe 6nH3K0 K CHHyCOHaanb-
HOMy-
B 9TOM cny'4ae Ba?KHO o6ecne4HTb yCTOH1HBylo pa60Ty HHBepTOpa npH
TOJI4KaX Harpy3KH. UJIR pac4eTa TaKHX pe?KHMOB yao6Hee nOnb3oBaTbCA Bblpa-
?KeHHeM (6), npeo6pa3oBaHHbIM K BHAy:
N + 2
ue (t) = kt - 1 - e-at 2 sin (.,t + T), 9)
r.Ze tg = k
Ito (9) Ha pHC. 15 nocTpoeiia B Ka iecTBe npHMepa KPHBaH HanpBxceHHA
Ifa BeHTHne (KpnBaH 1) HPH H3MeHeHHH HanpH)KeHHH Ha KoMMyTHpylollleM KOH-
AeHcaTope COOTBeTCTBeHIHO KpHBOH 2.
I33 nOCTpoeHHA BHAHO, 4TO BpeMA Ha BOCCTaHOBneHHe ynpaBJlBlOlUHX
('BOHCTB CCTKH yBeJIH1HBaeTCB 6naroaap5i H3MeHeHHIO ())OpMbI KpHBoi Hanpflxce-
HH51 Ha BeHTHne.
BeJIHgHHY THrIOBOH MOL UHOCTH HaCblulalOHleroca ApOCCCJIA B yCTaHOBKaX AJIA
nOBbIIIICHuB npe.aeJIbHOH 4aCTOTbI MO?KHO HpHHBTb paBHo1 Anfl gByxq)a3HOl'O
IIHBepTopa:
Pap = 0,2Pd, (10)
r:e Pd--- MOH[HOCTb B 3BeHe n01TOHHHOrO TOKa HHBepTOpa.
B yCTaHOBKax, rje flacblulalowuIoca Apoccenb HCHOnb3yeTC5i Anfl nOBbIHIeHl4B
VCTOH411BOCTH HHBepTOpa HpOTHB CpbIBOB HHBepTHp0BaHHH, BenH4HHa Ha4anb-
iloro CKa4Ka o6paTHOrO Hanp5oKeHHA 6yueT Meiibue. rI09TOMy THHOBaB M'oHl-
HOCTb Ka?Kaoro 113 11poccenec 6yaeT TaK?Ke McHbine.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
4JIH Tpex(3a3HOro oHBepTOpa o6n aB THnoBaB MOIUHOCTb Bcex apocceJICH
6y,aeT He 60JIbule BeJIH9nHbI, JuaBaeMokl cf opiyaioH (10).
IZpH6JIH}KeHHaH OIjeHKa yCTaHOBJIeHHOH M01UHOCTH HaCbinjaK)HjHxcB Apoc-
ce.iei nOKa3blBaeT, 470 yCTaHOBJIeHHaB MOnjHOCTb aoftBOLIHOM O6Opy,:~OBaHIIB
He CJIHLHKOM CMJIbHO y.gopoM{aeT yCTaHOBKy.
JIIITEPATYPA
1953. 1.10 F. T 0 A C T O B, KOIITaKTHble npeO6pa3OBaTeJIH, M3Jj. AH CCCP,
.
2 M. M. A K O A H c, PcryJIHpoBaHHe CKOpOCTH H3paCTBHHH o6paT11oro
HanpBxceHHH B H,enax c HOHHbIMH BeHTHJIBMH, , 1952, NN 10.
3. r. M. III e B v e H K 0, Pe}KHMbI pa60TbI HOH'HOro n'peo6pa3oBaTejiB tfa-
CTOTbI, TpyJjbl M3II, BbIU. XIII, 1953.
4. B. A. C o K 0 JI 0 B, AHnJIOMHbIH npoeKT, M314, 1955.
5 C. F. 0 6 y x 0 B, t7
. HnnOMHbIg npoeKT, 1956.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
PACIIPEREJIEHHE TOKA HO H!OBEPXHOCTH
HAKAJIEHHOI'O OKCULLHOFO KATO.LLA
B HOHHbIX 11PHBOPAX
Kana. mexn. nays, B. A. Co6ones
1. BBeAeHHe
Harpy3Or-IHaSI CROCO6HOCTb 11 1WJIrOBe~IHOCTb HOHHbIX npn6opoa
C HaKaJIe'HHbIM KaTOAOM - ra30TPOHOB H THpaT'pOHOB OHPeJteJISIIOTCSI
B nepByio o iepejjb KageCT'BOM npHMeHHeMOro B HHX KaTOJja H npa-
BHJIbHbIM BbI'60pOM pex:HMa ero pa60TbI.
B HaCTO5lHjee BpeMSI B ra30TPOHaX H THpaTPOHBX HCHOJIb3YeT'CH
B fO. aBJI51IOHjeM 60JIbInHHCTBe cjlyYaeB OKCHJjHbI11 KBTOJj npHMOrO
JIH KOCBeHHOrO HarpeBa B CB93H c pHJjOM npeHMyIIjec B OKCH,1110rO
KaToaa no CpaBHeHHIO C KaTOJjaMH IpyFHX BIIJIOB.
IIpH pacileTe H KOHCTpyHpOBaLIHH KaTOJjOB ra3OTpOHOB H THpa-
TpOHOB B HaCT'OSIHjee BpeMH HCXOJ[5IT H3 caejjyloHjero.
CgHTaIOT, 'ITO B HOHHbIX npH6opaX BCJieAcTBHE KOMneHCal(HII
OTpHIjaTeaIbHOPO 06'beM1HOFO 3ap5I ja 3,IIeKTpOHO'B HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIMIf
HOHaMH, o6pa3yIOHjHMHCSI B nJIa3Me pa3p1Jja, CpeJ[H5IH nJIOTHOCTb
TOKa npiMepHO O1U1HaKOBa Ha BCei nOBePXHOCTH KaTOAa, KaK 6b1
HH 6bIJIa CJIO}KHa KOH(f HrypaUMH 3T01'I nOBepXHOCTH. B CBR31P C TaKHM
npeAcTaBJIeHHeM KOH#rypaUHR KaTOJja Bb16HpaeTCH TOJIbKO H3 YCJIO-
BHI3 fOJIy'IeHHH MaKCHMaJIbHOfi 3K0HOMHIIHOCTH KaTo.T a, paBHOM.ep-
HOH TeMHepaTVDbI ero IIOBePXHOCTH H nPOCTOTbI KOHCTPYKTHBHOPO
BbInOJIHeHHH. JIJHpOKOe paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJIyLIHJIH KaTOJZbI B (pOp-
Me IIHJIHHJ[POB C BHYTPCHHHMH npOJIOJIbHbIMH pe6paMH (THpaTpoH
TP1-40/15), IUHJ1HHaPOB C HaPY)K'HbIMH HPOJ[OJIbHbIMH H nonepeu-
HbIMH pe6paMH (THpaTpoH TPI-2,5/2) H T. H.
DTHMH )Ke coo6pa)KeHHHMH, a TBK}Ke coo6pa}KeHHHMH BPeMeHH
pa3orpeBa KaTOJja H npeampaHeHH51 CeTKH OT HanbIJIeHH51 Ha Hee
6apH,H c KaToj a pyKOBOJjCTByIOTC5T npH Bb160pe reoMeTpHH, KOJIHLIe-
CTBa H pa3MepoB TerIJIOBbIx 3KpaHOB KaTOJ[a.
9MHTHpylowaH nOBepXHOCTb KaToaa paCCLIHTbIBaeTC51 1PH 3TOM
nyTeM aeaeHH51 3aJjaHHor0 aHOAHOrO TOKa HPH60pa Ha IHeKOTOPY1O
nppeJjeJlbHO 10r[YCTIIMYIO HJIOTHOCTb TOKa Ha KaToue. BeJiHLIHHa no-
c.neTAHeH YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH 3aBOAaMH nyTeM aHaJIH3a pe3yJIbTaTOB
HCnbITaHHSI KaTOJIOB pa3JIHLIHbIX npH6op0B Ha CPOK cJIyMK6b1.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HpH 3TOM o6pau aeT Ha Celia BHHMaH1Pe tipe3BbltiallHO CHJIbHb1H
pa36pOc 1aHHbIX 0 CpOKe CJIy)K6bl KaTOJ OB pa3HO13 ()OPMbI H pa3-
MepOB npH pa6OTe Hx c paBHbIMH Cpe1HHMH HJIOTHOCT51MH TOKa. Ilpi
TInaTeJIbHOM aHaJIH3e MO)KHO O6Hapy}KHTb onpeJjeJleHHylo 3aKOHO-
MepHOCTb 3Tor0 pa36poca, COCTOHIIjyIO B TOM, tITO KBTOJjbI C OHJIbHO
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=)MHCCHH OKCHAHOrO KaTOJ a C AaHHbIMH 0 fPaKTHLieCKH HorIOJIb3ye-
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0 paBHOMepHOM pacnp,eAeJJ1e'HHH TOKa no KaTOJIy 51BJIfteTCH oIDH60tI-
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njHX Ha pacnpe)leJleHHe TOKa no KaTOJjy.
IieJlb npOBeJjeHH I CepHH 3KCnepHMeHTOB TaKoro poJja COCTOHT
a HeO6xoJjHM0CTH HayLIHOro o600HOBaHHH pac crHblx napaMeTpoB
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JIeHHIO 11 pa3pa6oTKH 6oAee Co3epiuenno13 McT'OAHKH pactieTa nO10-
rpeBHbIX OKCHaHbIX KaTOJ 0B Fa30TPOHOB H THFpaTpOHOB.
2. PacnpejeJleHHe TOKa no KaTOJ(y B HenpepbIBHOM pe%HMe
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TO.Tje (:Y;jflT 110 TOKV ea 3OHJj HpH Coe1HHeHl4H ero c KaTOJjoM.
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CTO5TTeJIbHb1e BbIBOJjbI, KOTOpbie n03BOJIITIOT BKJi10LIaTb B Ka)KJjy1O
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1) KaTO1y.
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IIIeCTBeHHbIX alapynleii i-I KOHCTPYKUHH KaTOJja H BceFO KaToxioO o
y3JIa, IT, TaKHM o6pa3OM, OHeHb y1o6HbI 1JI5I 06CJIe,oBaHlla np0-
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3bIBaIOT TeOpeTH'eCK'He coo6paxc,eHHH H HPOBe;JjeHHa' HpH BbIHOJI-
314
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
11CaHII HacTOSIuieH pa60TbI 3~KC'nepiiMeHTaJIbHa5i HpOBepia npliMeHH-
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o racnpe.eJIeIHHH TOKa no KaTOAy. B CB513H C 3THM aaHHbIH MIeTOI
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HOJIH5IJIHCb aproHOM AO jaBJieHH5T p = 0,4 MAt pT. CT.
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IlOrpeBaTeJIb. KaTOJj 6bIJI OKpyxKeH ABYM51 TeIJ1OBbIMH 3KpaHaMH.
3315
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BHyTpeHHHl3 3KpaH HMea CaMOCpOiTeJIbHbIN BbiBOJj, TITO n03BOJI$JTO,
BKJIIOIIaH 3KpaH B KaggeCTBe aHOJja, OIJeHHBaTb 3MHCCHOHHble Kazie-
CTBa CeKu4II KaTOJ'Ia. KaK H B JlaMnax nepBOro THna, 3J[eCb I4MeJIHCb
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KaToJja. TJ7laMnb, 3TOPO THna OTJIHgaJIHCb J[pyr OT Ji.pyra BeJIHtIHIIOii
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HbI JIaMnbI C 3a3opoM 6, 8, 10 H 20 AiM. Bee JSaM'IbI 6bIJIH 3arioa-
HeHbI apPOHO'M AO .L aBJLeHHH p = 0,4 d2.ibt pT. CT.
9KOHepHMeHTbI npOBOJHJIHCb IIa cxeMe, npe!,jCTaBJIeHHOM Ha
pnc. 2. CxeMa n03BOJIHJIa HPOH3BOjHTb HCnbITaHHe B 0, HOM H3 JLBYX
pe>KHMOB:
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a) Bee ceKUHH KaTOJ[a COe'jHHeHbI BMecTe LIepe3 aMnePMeTpbl H
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KOB CeKUI KaTOJja HCnOJIb3yIOTC5I IIIyHTbI aMnepMeTpOB HJIH Cne-
316
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1(HaJIbHble, BKJIIOtIaeMble noCJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO C aMnepMeTpaMH KaJIH-
6poBaHHbie conpOTHBJIeHHH.
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TOpbIX COCTOFIJIa B npOBepKe npaBHJIbHOCTH npeAnOJIo}KeH,HSI O He-
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JIy CeKIUHiMH KaTOJja pacnpeaeJlSIeTCH OtleHb HepaBHO,MepHO. rlep-
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nbI K Jla!~Mne, TBK H OT H3MepeHH5I K H3MepeHHIO Ha OJI;HOIi H TOI3 )Ke
JlaMne. JTOT pa36po,c BbI3BaH, otleBHAHO, H3MeHeHHeM 3MHCCHOHHbIX
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TOKOM. YAaJIOCb yCTaHO'BITTb, 1ITO pa36poc aaHIHbIX pe3KO yMeHblua-
eTCH, eCJIH H3MepeHHH HpOH3BOAHTb nocJie Tp.eHHpfOBKH BHOBb H3ro-
TOBJIeHHbIX JIaMn B TetleHHe 20-30 ti. FlorpeIHHOCTH B onpeJjeJIeHHH
paenpe,eneHHF TOKa no KaTOAY B03HHKaIOT TaK)Ke npH OTCtIeTe
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nbI (Ha,npil)KeHHSI HaKaiia KaToAa, aHOAH,OPO TOKa H T. n.). BbISI'CHH-
JIOCb, tITO nocjie H3MeHeeHH51 pe?KHMa pa6OTbI HOBOe paonpejjeJIeHHe
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15 Mutt.
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tiHTb yKa3aHHbie HoPpeuIHOCTH, AaJI BO3MO}KHOC'Tb BOJIytIH'Tb npH 3KC-
nepnMeHTaX Ha HeCKOJIbKIHX JlaMnax H apH ropeHHH pa3p51,1a B Ka]K-
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JIeItHe TO'Ka HO KaTOJI,y HBJISieTCH IIe c Iytia14HbJM, a 3aKOHOMeIpHb1M
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w,eM cpeanei nJIOTHO'cT.H TOKa Ha KaTOae 100 Ata/c.tI2.
Ha 6a3e noJlygeulHbIX BKCnepIIMoHTaJIbHbIX J1a1IHbIX oKa3aJIOCb
B03MO}KHbIM nOCTpOH'rb ycpeaHeHHbie no HCCKOJIbKHM 113MepeHrI2M
Bn1Opbl pacnpeaeneHHR Toxa no KaTOJIy 1J19 Tpex ero jmlaMeTpoB.
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BJIHII,HiIH AHaMeTpa KaTOaa Ha pacnpeAeJIeHHe Toxa no ero rIOBepX-
1IOCTH H n0Ao6paTb opHeHTHpO'BO'IHyIO (B CBSI3H C MOJIbIM KOJIHtIC'-
CT'BOM Ce'KUHFI KaTOaa) 3MnHpii ie'CKVIO 4)OpMyJIy, OnHCbIBarou yIO
pacupeJ1eJIeHHe IIJIOTHOCTH TOKa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
ECJIH jM - nJIOTHOCTb TOKa y 6JIH)KHer0 K aHOAy KpaSI KaTOA~I;
jX - nJIOTHOCTb TOKa Ha paCCTOHHHH X OT Kpa5 KaToaa H d - AHa-
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pacnoJlo)KeHHbie Ha paCCTOAHHH x>d, npaKTHgeIHTb B 3TOM
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Aa MOy KeT IIpIHBecTH K nepexor y HaH60JIee 3arpy}KeHHbIX TOKOM ytla-
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KaMH KaTOAa npH H3MeHeHHH HaKaJla. DTH npeAHOJION{eHHH XOpOuIO
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9KCnepHMeHTbI no HccJIeA0'BaHH1O BJIHHHHR po. a ra3a Ha pac-
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ra3a Ha pacnp,eAeJIeHHe ToKa HO KaTOAy BJIHHeT OtleHb cJia6o.
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;1aB.neHH%I OT 0,08 Ao 0,4-0,6 . M pT. CT. He npHBOAHT K cynjeCTBeH-
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3. PacnpeAeJleHHe TOKa HO KaToAy B HMHyJIbCHOM pe)KHMC
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pOBaHHorO KaTOAa.
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CKHI1 Ce'Kn;H0HHpoBaHIHbII3 Ka'Poa C BHyTpeHH,eI3 HJIH Hapyxc$OH pa6o-
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nOJIHeHHC.
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xo?KAeHHe tlepe3 namny np5MOyrOJIbHbIX HM'nyJIbCOB TOKa c IIJIH-
TeJIbHOCTRMII 2 H 10 JMKCeK npH tIaCTOTe nOCbIJIOK 1 200 HMnyJIbCOB
B CeKyHAy. OHa npeaCTaBJIRJIa co6ox MOAH(1HKaII,HIO CXeMbI JIHHex-
HOro MoAyJIRTopa, B KOTOpOf HCTOtiHHKOM npHMoyrwwIb'HbIX HMnyJIb-
COB RBJIReTCR HCKyCCTBeHHaH AJIHHHa51 JIHHH'R.
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00 KaTOAy B HenpepblBHOM pe}KHMe, MO}KHO pacnpocTpaHHmb
21 Thvji,i M3H. Bum. XXVII. 321
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H Ha cAyHai3 oaooTbI 'KaTojja B lMny,IbcHOM pe'aKHMe. IIpH 3TOM,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
4. McTOAHKa pacvera pa3MepoB KaToaa
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`71 * 323
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
I1pOBeAI,CHHbIH HO 3THM (jopMyJIaM npH6JIH KeHHbI14 aHaJ1H3 Cyllje-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KaK 6bI COCTOHHjHM H3 aBYX 3TanmB, a HMeHHO: a) HPOHHKHOBeHHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
YHPABJIAEMb1E RC-rEHEPATOPbI
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126
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BbIXO,gIIOF0 HanpH?KeHHH. 4aCTOTa BbIXO,]HOFO HanpH?KeIiIIH
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327
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
cxeMax HCHOJIb3yeTC5i BXOAHOe HJIH BbIXOAHOe COIIPOTHBJIeHHe yCH-
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HeHHe COnpOTHBJIeHHa 3AeCb OCHOBaHO Ha H.3MeHeH,HHH napaMeTpOB
3JIeKTpOHHbIX .,TaM'n, TO B Ka}KJ[OM KOHKpeTHOM c,nytiae Heo6XOuHMo
onpe'AeJniTb Be.IHTIHHy COnpOTHBJIP_HHSI, 3aKOH H npeAeJIbI ero H3Me-
HeHHST. Bee 3TH BeJIHgIIHbI 3HagHTejIbHo Me'HRIOTCH OT 3K3eMrJIApa
K 3K3eMnJIHpy JlaMnbl.
IIpH npii ieHerHH ynpaBJiHeMbIX RC-PeiiepaTOpOB Ha fOJlynpo-
BOAHITKOBbIX TpHOAaX eCTeCTBeHHO HCnOJIb3OBaTb B KatIecTBe ynpaB-
JIAeMbIX aKTHBHbIX COnpOTFIBJIeHH11 TaK}Ke HOJIyHpOBOJjHHKOBble TpIHO-
Ab1. rlpH 3TOM BCe yCTpIOL1CTBO noJlyt;aeTCa KOMna'KTHbIM, AOJIP03egq:-
HbTM H 3KOHOMHgHbIM. ECJIH HMeTb B BHAy TOJIbKO H143KO14aCTOTHble
exeMbI, TO BejmHgnHa yHpaBJIBeMoro ConpOTHBJIeFI:HR aOJI}KHa 6bITb
IjOCTaTOgHO BEJIHKa (HO Kpa1Hefi Mepe, KHJIOOMbi H BbIHIe), oTo6bI
H36e}KaTb npHMeHeHHa B uaCTOTHO 3aBHCHMbIX RC-uerHX o6paTHoi
CR513H LPpe3MepHo 60JIbI1IHX eMKOCTec. IT03TOMy yapaBJLSIeMbIMII
COTIpOTHBJIeHHSIMH B ,jai-IHOM CJIytlae MOI'yT 6bITb BbIXO,jHble COHpO-
'I HB,TIeHHII KaCKaIOB no exeMe C O6IIjHM 3MIH.TepoM H.IH O: HO-
PaHHeM. IIpH 3TOM MOPyT npHMeHHTbCSI KaK TOggeTIHble, TaK H nJIO-
CKOCTHble (THHa 112 H 113) TpHOJjbI. BKJIHOtIeHHe ynpaBJIHeMoro Co-
HpOTHBJIeHHSI B CXeMy MO}KeT HpOH3BOJjHTbC51 KBK HeinocpeaCTBeHHO
(pMc. 4), TaK H tlepe3 TpaHCC OpMaTOp (piic. 5). ITpiH Henoane,-
328
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CTBeHHOM BK.IIOLIeHHH nH'TBHHe M,O)KeT 6blTb BOJjaHO TI'epe3 aKTHB IOe
COnpOTHBJIeHHe H.JIH ApOCCe.nb. CoripOTHBJIeHHe CXe.MbI AJISI BXOAHO-
ro Hanp5l}KeHH I (U8X) McHHeT'CH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ynpaBJISuonjero
HanpslxceHHH (U4,,p). B,naroaapx HIyHTHpyionjeMy 7jefICTBHio R,
(,L7p,) BeJIuquHa COHpOTHBJIeHHB H npeAeJlbi ero H3MexeHHH cy}Ka-
IOTCH. flpH BKJHOgeHHH yripa'.BJISIeMOro cO[I OTHBJIeHHSI 4epe3 TpaHC-
(popMaTOp (TaKoe BKJII94eHHe H03BOJISIeT pa3B5I3aTb noCTOSIHHbie nO
-
TeHIjHaJIbI) Heo6XOJjlMo O6eCneT4HTb IOCTaTOgHo 6oJIbniyIO BeJ1uTIH-
By HHAyKTHBHOCTH TpaHCq)OpMaTopa. EcJIU ynpaBJInionjee HanpSI?Ke-
HHe M0)K T H3MeIH2Tb 3HaK, TO Heo6xo)l iIMo npeJjycMOTpeTb cMenje-
HHe B ero Ijenll. ECTeCTBeHHO, 9TO
ynpaBJisieMoe conpoTHBJIeHHe 6y-
AeT JIHHeIIHbIM TOJIbKO JjJISI jjO-
CTaTOTIHO MaJIbIX BeJIHrIHH BXOJj-
P11c. T. Henocpc1.crBeIIHOe BKJII04eHHC PHC. 5. BKal04eHHe ynpaBJlaeMoro
y llpaB:IB Mblx COnpOTHBJIeHHFi no cxe- C0np0THBJIeHHH no cxeMe c 06IIjHM
Me C O61UIIM 3MHTep0M. OCHOBaHHeM 4epe3 TpaHC(popMaTOp.
Horo HanpH}KeHHSI. TaK }Ke KaK 11 B JIaMFIOBbIX cxeMiax, npH npHMelie-
HHH HOJIynpOBO,1HHKOBbIX TpuO,ZOB B Ka'YeCTBe vnpaBJlSIeMbIX Coripo-
THBJleHHii He0'6x0AUM0 B Ka}KAOM KO'HKpeTHOM CJIyx4ae onpege.i5Tb
Be.'IH'-IHH'y ConpOTHB.ne'HUSI in 3aKOH ero H3MeHeH - a. Bo Bcex Tpex npll-
BeAeHHbIX exeMax RC-reHepaTOpOB BMeCT'O COHpOTHBJIeHUI-f, 0603Ha-
4eHHbIX HHJjeKCOM R, 6bIJIH npHMeHeHbl vnpaBJISIeMble aKTHBHb1e co-
npOTHBJIeHHA Ha KpHCTaJIJLH4CCKHx TpHOJjax.
B nepBOM reHepaTOpe (pHC. 1) TIpHMeHSIJIHCb 3KCnepHMeHTaJIb-
Hbie TOTie'lHble TpHOAbi Tuna 86A no cxeMe c o6HjHM OCHOna-
HIPeM; B reHepaTope, HOKa3aHHOM Ha pHc. 2, - IIJIOCKOCTHO1i TpHOJ
THna F12 no cxeMe c 06HjuM 3MHTepoM; B reHepaTOpe, BOKa3aHHOM
Ha pH0. 3, - TOT-Ie4Hble TPHOJjbI Tuna 86A C BKJTIOT-IeHHeM Llepe3
TpaHc4opMaTOp. BO BCeX Tpex cxeMax nOA6OpOM TPHOJIOB H HIyHTH-
pylOlljHX COnpOTHBJIeHH1 MO}KHO 6bIJIo riOJIy'I'IITb Heo6XO,uHMylO L1a-
CTOTy BbIXOAH'oro Hanp5i}KeHHSI reHepaTOpa H yKa3aHHbIi3 BbIlue ,glu'a-
na30H nepeKpblTMR T-laCTOTbl. Pa60Ta reHepaTopOB npH 3TOM HHTieM
He OTJIHT1aJiaCb OT pa,60TbI HX C HpOCTbIMH aKTHBHbIMH COnpOTHB.T1C
IIHSIMI3.
1. 3. O. C a a K o B, TeopHH H pac4eT 1136HpaTeabHblx RC-CHCTeM, Foe-
3HeproH3AaT, 1954.
3. A. 9. (1) ea 0 T 0 B, KpHCTaJIJIH4ecKHe TpHOAbl, roc3HeproH3J[aT, 1955,.
334.
2. R. F. S he a, Principles of transistor circuits, New York, 1953.
4. P. G. S u I z e r, Low-distortion transistor audio oscillator, Electronics,
T. 26, 1953, N 9, CTp. 171.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
PErYJIHPOBAHHE TEMI]EPATYPbI B IIPOILECCE
OBPABOTKH L(BETHOH KHHOIIIJIEHKH
Katd. mexH. Hayic C. A. JleeumaH, uHa/c. M. B. XanaMell3ep
(UeHmpa ibaaA xuHoc nydu. doicy.eHmailbHULx if1u,IbMO8)
tllr-ipoKOe pHimeHeIHe B IcHHonpoH3Bo;icrBe IjBeTIIbIX MHO~rOCJION-
HbIX HJIe,HOK Hpe?ubHB,1IAeT OC06ble 'rpe60BaHIl2 K TeXH,OJIOIHIH HX o6-
pa60TKH.
O,aHHM 113 OCHOBHbIX yCJIOBFII'I BbICOKOKageCTBeHHOii o6pa60TKH
IIJIeHKH HBJISIeTCH CTa6HJIbHOCTb TeHJIOBbIX pe)KHMOB TeXIIOJIorme-
CKOrO Hpouecca. OTKJIOHCHI451 TeMHepaTypbI OT HOpMbI 6o.Iee gier
ria -?0,2? C rio , aHHbIM oTeTIeCTBeHHbIX KHHOH'pe,ZHpH}ITH13 H 3apy-
6e}KHbIX KHHO(MHpM jjJI51 IUBPTHOI3 HJIeHKH HeAOHyCTHMbI.
HecTa6HJIbHOCTb TeMI1epaTypHOrO pei}KH,Ma 06pa6oTKH HJIeF1KH
MO)KeT He TOJIbKO BbI3BaTb HapymeHHe C TO'IKH 3peH,H51 1 J)TOrpa(4H-
4IeCKOro KaTIeCTBa, 110 H IIOHBJIeHHe CeTKH (peTHKyJIluwH) IIa CJF03IX
}KeJIaTHHa.
B CCCP IIa KHIIOCTY,IlH51X H (pa6pHKax MaCCOBoct HegaTH KHHO-
(PIiJIbMOB JI,JIH 06eCHe'wim5i CTa6HJIbHOCTIP TeHJIOBbIX pe),KHMOB HpH
06pa6oTKe KOK gepHO-6eJI0R, TaK H I(BeTHOI'I HJIeHKH HplMeHSHeTC5I
CHCTeMa RBYXH(Y3HUHOHHOrO peryJIHpoBaHHH TeMHepaTypbI HpOHB-
JIHIOHjHX paCTBOpOB, 06JiaJja1OlljaH cpaBHHTeJIbHOIt HPOCTOTOil H Ila-
Jje)KHOCTbIO B 3KCHJIyaTaUHH. OJ HaKO KaqeCTBO peFYJIHPOBaHHH TeM-
HepaTypbl UBeTHOr) HpOHBHTeJISI C HOMOLUbIO C'HiCTeMbI )jBYXHO3HIjFI-
O11H'Or0 peryJIHposan115I Tpe6yeT BceCTOpOHHero HCCJIe,joBaHHH.
Pe3yJIbTaTbl TeopeTHIIeCKOrO H 3KCHepHMe'HTaJIbllOr0 HccJIe,1jOBa-
IIIISI CIICTCMbl .'1 ByXII03Ni(HOHHOFO peryJIHpOBaHHH TeMHepaTypbl HpO-
U:BHTCJ1H J aHbl B nepBOFI 9aCTH HaCT051Hjer pa60TbI.
BO BTOpOIT TIaCTII pa60TbI HCCJIeayeTCH CHCTeMa aBTOMaTHtIeCKO-
r0 peryJHlpOBaHHH TCMHepaT'ypbl HP05IB14TCJIH C H30ApOMHbIM pery-
JISHTOpOM, 06ecne1IHBaIOILjaH BbICOKYIO CTeirleiib CTa6HJI113aUUHH TCM-
HepaTVpHOPO pe)crIMa O6pa6OTKH IjBCTIIOii I IIIIOHJIeHKH.
:jM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1. ABYXnO3HIAHOHHoe aBTOMaTHYeCKoe pery.lHpOBaHHe
TeMnepaTyphl HpOSIBHTeJ1n
Ha pHc. 1 J[aua ripHHuHHHaJIbii an cxeMa aBTOMaTI14eCKOrO p-rv-
JlHpoBaHHn TeMHepaTypbt nponBIITeJIH.
nefCTBHe CXeMbI COCTOIIT B cale,1yIo1i eM: ripH oTKJIOHeHIIH TCM-
HepaTVpbI BPOHBHTeJIn OT 3aJjaHH5], B 3aBHC11MOCTIi OT 3HaKa OTKlO-
I[eHHn, B TerIJI006MeH'HHK, HO Tpy6KaM KOTOpOrO uHpKyJIHpyeT Hpo-
5IBHTe.Ib, no,jaeTCn no lorpe'TaH Hill XOJioJjHan BO:la, KOTOpaH
HpHBO,jHT TeMHepaTypv HPOHBHTeJIH K 3a,aaHHolf. H3MepHTeJIbHOe
yCTp3FK TBO COCTOHT H3 3JIeKTpOHHOPO aBTOMaTHUeCKOFO MOCTH Tuna
3MJ~-120 Co I IKaJIOH 13-23? B KOMHJIeKTc C Me,jHbIM TepMOMOTPOM
1
XOAOByaA Bcaa -
(apme3aaHc1ta2)
Pile. 1. CxeMa p,ByXr1031IUHOHHOrO peryJIHpoBaHHH TeMHepaTyphi.
I -- IIpOHBHTe.1b; 2 - Ten.Ioo6MeHHHK; 3 - HaCOC IeHpKy.I5111,IiH npOHBHTe.IH; 4-noRorpeTa! Bo,u ;
- TepMOMeTp COHpOTHB.IeHHH 3T-X; 6 -- 3.IeKTpOHHb1I1 MOCT 3MJI-12O; 7 - ,IBy'BO31HIl11OHHbil1
pery.IHTOp JUTP-240; 8 -- Hacoc Te1IJinHOCHTe.Ie9; 9- KpaxbI KP-180.
COHpOTHBJIeHHn THHa DT-10. B 1Ca4ee1'3C yfpaBJIHIOLHCFO 3JIeMCIITa
IICHOJIb3oBaH Jr.Lyxr103HLIHIOHHbI4 perYJ151TOp tuna ,BTP-240, BCTpo-
c^HHbI}{ B 3JIeKTpOHHbIIt MOCT. HCHOJIHHTeJIbHbIH opraH COCTOHT C3
IjByX COIIJIeHeHHbIX KpaHOB THHa KP-180 H CepBO.BIIraTe.'1H
HM-2/120 (pHc. 2).
CrpyK'rypHan cxeMa CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTINeCKOro peryJIHpOBaHII'3
H r eTJIeBan xapaKTepHCTHKa peeryjinTOpa gaIIbI Ha pHc. 3a n 36.
IIpT IBYXH03HuHOHHOM peryJlupOBaHHH Ha BbIXOJje o6-beKTa. pe-
rV'JIHpOBaH,Hn B03-HHKHyT FIe3aTVSaIOIuHe aBT0KOJLe6aHH9 C aMrIJIIITY-
.ofl 'I, II LIaCTOTOII (0.
B HaCTOnluel pa60Te HCCJ1e,:IyeTC5T BJIHHHHe OT,jeJIbHbIX rJaKT'O-
pOB na BeJIHtmHy aMHJII1TyJjbi aBTOKOJIe6aHHFI Al H 4IaCTOTY Iu, a TaK-
ACe OHpeJIeJInioTCn OHTHMaJIbHble yC1OBHH pa60TbI gByxHo3HuHOHHo-
ro peryJlaTOpa.
BpeMeHHaH xapaKTepHCTHKa KHIIOTeXHOJIOrHT-IeCKOPO o6,bcKTa
peryJIHpOBaHIIn, KaK HpaBIIJI.o, HMeeT 6ojIbHIHe BpeMena 3aHa3JlblBa-
HH2 11 HoCTOAHHble BpeMeHII. 4aCTOTHan xapaKTepHCTHKa TaKOro
331
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Puc. 2. CMedHTearbHO-peryJnHpyLOH(Hii 6JroK.
I - KpaH ;(P-18O; 2- HCHOJIHHTe.7bHblR MexaHII3M HM-2/120; 3- CMeCHTeJIb; 4- 9;;eKTpoMar-
IIIITIIbII'1 KAanaH; 5 - TepMocurHaJIH3aTOp; 6- Teu.1oo6MeHHHK.
o6-beKTa pervJIHpoBaHwl aTIa,1IorIr4Ha 4acTOTH01'I XapacrepHCTHIie
(J111TbTpa HH3KHX 4aCTOT.
3TO o6CTOHTeJIbCTBo HO3BOJIHeT BCCbMa yCHeHIHO HpH,'1eH1JTb;1J151
[ICC 1ejOBa!Ip1 1ByXr103HUHO11HOR CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH9ecKoro pery-
SZ IV3
PH-'. 3a. CTpyKTypHaH cxema cH-
CTeMbI peryJIHpoBaHHH.
JI.,9.-JHHeflHas vacTb CHCTeMbI perynnpo-
BaHHH; /1.9.-Hea HHeflHaH 'IaCTb CHCTeMbI
peryaHpoBaHHH.
AHpOBaHH5T HpH6JTH)KeIIHbII!
MeTO,q pacgeTa [JI. 1]. McToJ.1
rapMOHH4ecKoro 6aJIaHca, Hc-
^OJlb3yeMblIt B HaCTo iuJ,e%i pa-
v2
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PHc. 36. XapaKTepHCTHKa HeJxHHeiIlOro
3.neMeHTa AByXF03HUHOHHOro peryJIHTOpa
C HOJIO?KHTeJIbHOH 30H06 He9yBCTBHTe:Ib-
HO.;TH.
X1 - TeMneparypa npoHnrTeJlsr; x2 - TeMnepaTypa
Ten.1onocHTeJIH; B, - TeMnepaTypa nonorpeT011
BoAbI; B2 - TeMnepaTypa xoaoii.no Boabi; 2a-
111npHHa neT.9H perynHTOpa.
60Te, 6a3l3pyeTCH Ha H3BeCTHOI3 aMHJI1TyAHO-(pa3oB013 xapaKTepn-
CTHKe JIHHeflHOII 4aCTH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH4eckoro peryJIIlpOBaHTIH N
Ko344IuneHTe ycHJIeHHH HeJIHHeiIHoro 9JIeMeHTTa N.
332
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
McTOJIHKa 9KCnepHMeHTaJlbxoro onpeJ eJIeHffiH aMnJIIITyAHO-(ca-
30BON xapaKTepHCTHKH O6'beKTOB peryJIHpOBaHHx c McJIieHHO npOTe-
KaI0I1II3MII npOUecCaMH JjOCTaTOgHO IIOJTHO OCBen eHa B JlnTepaType
(JI. 2].
TIOJIb3yfiCb 9TON McTOJIHKON, 6bIJIa CHSITa aMHJIHTyJIHO-(ba3oBa 1
xapaKTepuCTHKa o6T~eKTa peryJTHpoBaHHH, KOTOpax npHTieJIella Ha
puc. 4.
w-004 a[u' l
yw
J I
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0,01
Pnc. 4. OnpeJ(eneHHe aMfIJIITyjbl H gacTOTbI aBTOKone6aHI0
TeMnepaTypb[ rio McTO,gy rapMOHHVecKoro 6anaHca npu
,j Byxno3HgnOHHO.M pery.nHpoeaHHH.
Aa:i onpeaeJIeuwi 0rHOCHTeJIbHOH aMnJI4Ty1IbI i /al Ti 'IaCTO-
TbI G) aB'TOKOJIe6a'HHIi n'pll yCJIOBIIH, HTO JIo.IISI InepHOJIa a,BTOKOJIe6a-
HHii, B TeileHHe KOTOPOrO TeMnepaTypa TenJIOHOCHTeJISI paBHa TeM-
nepaType noJ orpeTOH BOJtbl, paBHa 'C3=0,5, HOCTynaK)T cJle.ryloluwM
o6pa30M: npOBOa2T np5Myio, napaJlJleJIbnylo BeLueCTBeHHOIi ocH cIi-
CTeMbl KOOpm HaT aMI1.,7HTy]IHO-(pa3oBOH xapaKTepHCTnKH Ha pac-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
7t
CTOHHHH OT Ilee, paB!IOM TOOKa nepeceHeHii 3TOr3 HpHM011
C aMUJIHTyAHO-(ga30B011 XapaKTepHCTIIKOH onpe,geJiAeT LIacTOTy IBT0-
Ko.ie6anHfi.
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ON (P' IIC 4).
01)
,ELJIH HJ1JIF0CTpaultH MCToArIKH Ha pllc. 4 Aaii npuriep pacve~ra npH
c.oeLylonwX napaMeTpax:
B, = 27? C - TeMllepaTypa no,gorpeTOii BoAbI;
B2 = 10? C - TeIvlnepaTypa xoJlo,gHOH BOab1;
2a =0,2? C - wnpHHa neTJIH xapaKTepHCTHKn peryJinTOpa:
BI - B2 27- 10
N = 2a - 2.0,E - 85;
Ai OK __2,5;
( a, -OD
A I=Ca?a=2,5.0,10,25?C;
w=0,12 jtluix -'.
,JjiH Tex ace napaMeTpoB pery,nHTOpa H TenJloHOCHTe.ni npoBe.*(e-
lia 3KCnepHMeHTaJlbxaH npoBepKa, KOTopa5l ,rLaJla xopolnee COBHa-
aeilxe c pe3yJIbTaTaMH pacgeTa.
---
T
MUH ~~ ~za oo
5 40 .
n
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Pnc. 5. KpIIBaa 113MeHeen11 TeMnepaTypl,I np0HBHTeJ1H npn ABy XH03HUHOHB{OM
perynnp0HOHHH.
a = 0,1? C; I = 60 haux; w _ T = 0,105 Mutt''; 2Gtrnakc - 0,48? C.
KpHBa5I peryJiIpoBaHHH AJIH 3TOrO cityHaH npliBe,ena Ha pnc. 5.
1-1OJIb3yHCb BbImeH3JIO?KCHHOII MCTOAHKO, 6bIJIH paCCLIHTaHbi n HO-
CTpoeLlbl KpHBble aMrIJIHTyljbl aBTOKOJIe6aHHH H LIaCTOTbI B (pyHKUHI1
K03(X!JHLHeHTa ycu.1I'eHH51 iIe~7HIHCHHOr0 3aeMeHTa (pHc. 6). AHaJIi13
3THX KPHBbIX nOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO B JIyLIIneM caly'-iae, T. e. npH xopomeci
CTa6H.nH3aH,HH TCMnepaTypbl TeHJIOH'OCHTeJIeII II jaBJIe'HHH B Tpy6o--
npoBOAaX cncTeMbi perymHp0BaHH2, M0)KHO no.ny'aHTb npH N= 170
aMH.nHTy?iy aBToxo.ne6aHHU ?0,2? C.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KpHBa5 aMHJHTyJIb! A=/(N) nocrpoeHa ruiH B1 - B2 = 11 ? C;
LaKHM 06pa30M HepeMeHHO1I BeaHy'HH03I HBJIHJIaCb HIUHpHHa HeT.an
xapaxTepllcTHK;1 p'TyJIHTOpa 2a, KoropaH JIaH N= 170 paBHa 0,1?C.
YMeIIbLHeFu4e BeJIHgHHbI BI -- B2 xoTH 6bI JIo 8,5? C JUaCT cHH-
?KeHHe aMHJPHrlyjlbl aBTOKoJIe6aHHRt JIO BEaH4'HHbI A1= ?0,12,5? C Ii
3Ha4HTeJIbHOe yMexbiueHHe tlaCTOTb1 aBToKOJIe6aHa11: c 0,25 J[o
0,12 Alum-I,
YMeFblueHHe TaKIIM CnOCO6OM aMHaHTyjbl aBToKO7 6aHHFI Heue-
ae000'6pa3H'0, Tax KaK npu6aNxceHHe B1 I< B2 Hpe T3='0,5 HOTpe60
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BaJIO 6bI C03JIaHHH , ByX HCTOqHHKCB Teniia Co CTa6HJIH3HIpoBaHHOIi
TeMneparypo13, TO B peaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHHX BeCbMa 3aTpyaHHTeJIbHO.
KpoMe Toro, neplOJL KOJIe6aHIIH TeMHepaTypbl HaCTOJIbKO yBeJIHgIH-,
BaeTCH, tITO B03HHKaeT onaCHocTb 6o.IIbHIOPO Bb16poca TeMHepaTypbl
OT cJlytlaflHbIX Bo3Aei cTBaI , C KOTOpbIMH CHcreMa peryJlHpoaaHHB
He 6yJJeT B COCTOHHHIHi CHpaBHTbCH 133-3a nOTepH ee 6bICTpoJIeFiCT-
BHx.
1IpH OTCYTCTBHH cneuHaJIbHOFI CTa6HJIH3aLIHH TeHJIOHOCHTeJIH
(,aaBJieHHH H TeMHepaTypbI) aMHJIHTyJ1bI KOJIe6aHH13 TeMHepaTypbl
HpOHBHTCaH MoryT 31HaT4HTe.A7bHO n'peBbIuHaTb 3HatieHHH, yKa3aHHble
Ha pnc. 6.
2. ABTOMaTH9eCKOe peryaHpOBaHHe TeMHepaTypbl HpOABHTeasi
C H3O,I pOMHbIM peryJlsTOpOM
BbICOKaH TO`-IHOCTb peryJllpOBaHHH TeMHepaTypbl HpOHBHTeJIH
B npouecce o6pa6oTKH UBeTHOR KHHOHJIeHKH J OCTIiraeTCH Hp,HMeHe-
HHeM BMCCTO JIBYXr103HIIHOHHoro pCFYJIHTOpa H30,L pOMHOrO, cOt1e-
TaIou ero B ce6e nponopuHOHaJIbHbIII H aCTaTlItleCKri peFYJIHTOpbi_
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ilpli 3TOM BCe OCTaJIblible 3BexbH, BXOJIHIH,He B CHCTeMy perynNpo-
BaHHH, OCTaJOTCH 6e3 H3MeHeHH51.
IHICHOnb3yeTC5T H30ApOMHbIR perVJIBTOp THna HP-130, II3rOTOBJIC-
HHB L]eHTpanbH011 Jla6opaTOpHH aBTOMaTHKH MHUHCTepTBa nepHoil
McTaJIJIyprHli CCCP. Peryn51TOp HMeeT ABa napaMeTpa HacTpOHKH:
KCTeneHb HepaBH?OMepHOCTH> H KBpeMH yAB'OeHH51>>. 1'13MeHH3I OTHO-
CHTeJIbHOC BJIHHHHe Ka)KAOIt KOMHOHeHTbI B B03JjelicrBHH peryJlHTO-
pa B iueJOM ma p'ery.'IHpyioiuee VCTpOi CTBO, M'o>KHO ao6HTbCH 3Ke-
1aeM0li n0 yC10BHAM TexHOJIOrHH HaCTpOIIKH peryJHSiTOpa Ha npo-
uecc.
H3BeCTeII B J11ITepaType 1J1. 3-51 paA McTOJoB pac eTa Ilapa-
McTpoB perynxTopa. 1-1eKOTOpb1e aBTOpbI HCXOAAT N3 ycpeAHe;iHblx
AaHHbIX npouecca perynHpOBaHHSI, apyrHe - H3 MaKCHMaJIbHOrO
Bbl6era perynapyeMoro napaMeTpa H TpeTbH - H3 yCJIOBH51 HaHUIyLI-
HIerO 3aTyxaHHfl nepexOAHOro npouecca B 3aMkHyT011 CIICTeMe aBTO-
MaTMecKOrO peryJiHpOBaHHSI.
fIpe,aaaraeMaB HH)Ke npoCTa i McTOAHKa pactieTa napaMeTpoB
perynslTOpa 6a3HpyeTC51 Ha 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHO CHATOII BpeMeHH6fi
xapaKTepIICTnKe 06-beKTa peryJHpo'BaHNH H Ha CepHH paCLIeTHbIX
BpeMeHHblx xapaKTep,ncTHK 3aMKHyTOI3 CHCTeMbI perynlNpOBaHHB.
KpH:Bble pacCTI'HTa'HbI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e,2HHHIjax AJISI pa3IIbix
riapaMeTpoB ipery.ri ropa H o6'bexra p'erynHpoBaHHH. OnpeAe.neime
o rITHManbHbIX napaMeTpOB peryn.9TOpa np03BOJjHTC5I Ha oCHOBaHHH
paCCMurpeHHH no1HOR KaPTHHb1 nepexOaHoro npouecca B 3aMKHyTON
CHCTeMe peryJHpOB?1HHH rip" e)jH'HHUHOM B03MynjeHHH Ha BXOAe
CHCTeMbi.
1_IOBCHHM cIDOCo6 no'CTp0eHHd1 BpeMeHHbIX xapaKTepHCTHiK H ;yIe-
T0JI14Ky nOJIb3OBaHH5I HMH. 1'13BeCTHO, TO MHOroeMKOCTHbIft o6-beKT
perynHpoBaHHH B pac eTax 6e3 601bmOFI 011116KH MO)KeT 6bITb 3a-
McHeH OAHOeMKOCTHbIM 06'beK'rOM C 3ana3AbIBaIHeM.
B 3TOM cnyqae OnepaTOp,HbIH K03c1xj HuHeHT yCHJIeHHSI o6'beKTa
perynxpoBaHHl 6y.geT:
- kle-cp
JI 1+pT ~1)
rje k1 - KO3tJ4)uuHeHT yctmeHHH;
T - nOCTOHHHaB BpeMeHH;
T - BpeMH 3ana3,IjbIBaHHH;
p - onepaTOp.
EC1H npene6pezib 3ana3AbIBaHHeM perynwTOpa H HCHOJIHHT'enb-
Horo YCTpolICTBa n0 CpaBHeHHIO C 3ana3AbIBaHHeM H HOCTOBHHbIMH
BpeMeHH o6-beKTa peryJTHpOBaHHH, a TaK}Ke He yxrHrrbIBaTb 30Hy He-
* 'ieprori cBepxy o6o3HaqeHo nannaccoso H3o6pa>KeRHe cpyHK-
xi (p) = XI (t)?
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
'IYBCTBHTPJIbHOCTH H IIeJIHHei9-
HOCTH peryJIHTopa, onepaTOp-
HbII1 KO3c4HIjHeHT ycHJIeHHA
peryJlslTOpa 3anHUIeTCH B
BHJje:
k,
J~ - k., -}- p (2)
rae k, - K034)(~HUHeHT ycHJle-
HHA npOnOpgHOHaJIb-
HOH KOMnOHeHTbI pe-
ryJIHTOpa;
k3 - KO3(p(j3HILHeHTbI yCI1-
k,lp = 10).
ECJIH BBeCTH O603HageHIIe k =Bblpa}KeHHe
Jz k2(1 +
(3)
KO3(1l(1HuueHT I paBeH CKOPOCTH nepeCTaHOBKH peryaHTopa (o6paT-
HaA BeawmHa BpeMeHH yJ[BoeHHA). OnepaTOpHaI (1)yHKIJHH Ha BbIXO je
10 15 10
a)
Z/c
5 20 2S 30
PHb. 8. KpHBbie H3o,gpOMHOro peryaHpoBaHH53. '=0,1; k,?1,= 16, 1.
a-X=0,05; a- 14,4%; 6-X=0, 1; a= 14,4%; a--X=0,3; a= l4~3
z -X=0,5; a= 13,7%.
3aMKHYTOII CHCTeMbI peryJiIlpOBaHHA npH C WHH IHOM BO3MyI1 eH1IH
BXOje 6yjjeT HMeTb CJIeLylonuT i BHJj:
r,ae Jz = k I k,,.
I + pT + k C 1 -{- e_ p
JIeHHH aCTaTH9eCKO11
KOMrIOHeHTbl peryJlA-
'ropa.
(2) nPIIMe'r BH;j:
(4)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
I1pe,le"IbHb111 K03(pO)IIUHCI1T yCn 1CHHSr k,,P, 111H KOTOpONI cHuc Ia
peryJiHpOBaHHH HaxOAHTC5I Ha rpanHlle yCTO1!gHBOCTII )1 JISI 1=0
(nponopuwoxaJlbxoC- peryJIHpOBauHe ), 3aBNC14T TO.,1bKO OT OTHOWeHII 1
KpnBasl k?),=f (j~) Aana Ha pnc. 7. Onpe; icHne
r1poI13BOJ IVIOCb npHOJn1>KeH1Ib1N MCTOAON (J4. f)].
Aty1
1 t
,win 240 Z20 200 180 160 140 1?.0 100 80 6"0
opnrI1Ua,,ia (4)
40 20
I12.,uu u,
PHc. 9. BpeyeuHau xapanTepucTIIKa o/l,exra peryIHpOBaHHH
~A.9H OJeHlie-3HM110r0 ce3o1ia).
Tox,os iipun3neaeU 110nop0TOys na:1a ncuo.umTe:O,uoro Mexarrrj3nla ua 15% (18? ycranaa). Ter-
nepaTypa ropaxei BOabl -30? C; Temneparypa X010 Hois nc;yesk 2? C; TeMnepatypa no3,ayxa
+18? C; 3 = T = 0,082; k, = At 18 = 0,1? C/rpa,a; k, = 16,1; kk = 0,5; k = 0,5.16,1 = 8,05; i.= P 111)
MaKc.100%
=0,3(puc8);k:k k =80,5;'r'hsac=120?;P=13-23?C; k?P =15% (10 110
P = 2 400 c(,K (95 no nu a.ie perynaTOpa).
yd6 = ) = 1260
i i a.ae erysrTOp1); T ,3
Ha pHC. 8 /LJIH HJIJIIOCTpauHH npHBeAeHbI pe3YJlbTaTbI pac4eTa
x, (t) npn eJUHHH-HOM BO3MyWeHHH Ha BXOAe CHCTeMbI peryJlHpoBa-
iinn H npH pa3.oHIIHblx 3Ha=IeHnax napaMeTpa X.
PHc. 10. H3o,gpoMHOe peryaupoIaxue IIpoHHHTeJIH.
reryasnTOp nK IKnlen nocne Irovnoro nepephrna. YcTanoeo OHy6JLHKOBaHa CTaTbH KaHJI. Text[.
HayK B. M. BaXHHIIa, HOCBHHjeHHaHI LLBH,'KYLQHIMCH KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIM
CHCTeMflM 1. B 3TOIi cTaTbe CJjeJIaHa IIOHbITKa fOKa3aTb, LIT!O TIpM
JjBH}KeHHH KOJIe6aTeJIbHO13 CHCTeMbI, HaHpHMep L PyXHpOBOJIHO11 jIH-
HHH 6e3 HOTepb, 3aKOpOLIeHHOII Ha O'60HX K'OHUax, B CHCTeMe VCTT-
HaBJI!HBaeTCSI OCO6bIIi THH CTORIIei-i BOJI'HbI, OTJIHLI'HbIII OT 'CTOH'IC'IH
BOJIHbI B K',HOKOxnjeUCH> CHCTeMe.
'OCHOBHOH mXOJjHOIi inpexHOCbIJIKOf[ B CTaTbe B. M. BaXHHHa
$IBJIAeTCH npeo6pa3oBaHHe KOOpjIHHaT THHa
(1)
TIC v - CKOPOCTb IaBH>KeLIHA CHCTeMbI;
xI- KOOpp4HaTa B HefOJjBH}KHON CHCTeMe;
X - KOOp)jHHaTa, CBH3aHHaMI C gBH}KYLuef4cH CHCTeMOI'I.
Hpeo6pa3oBaHHc (1) HpHMeHHeTCB JjaJIee B 06bILIHOM BOJIHOBOM
ypaBHeHHH B LIaCTHbIX HpOH3BOJjHhIX. IIOCJie H3JIHIIIHe yCJI'O}KHeHHbIX
npeo6pa30BaHHYI B. M. BaXHHH HaKJIaAbIBaeT 06bIIIHOe yCJIOBHe
pe30IIaHca, C'BOJ[5HIeCCSI K TOMy, LITO BJ[OJIb CHCTeMbI Me}KJIy TOLIKa-
MH KOpOTKOI'O 3aMbIKaHHSI yKJIaJIbIBaeTCR uejioe HHCJIO HOJIyBOJIH.
rIOJie B CHCTeMe C RB!H!}KYMJJMHC51 TOIIKaMH KOPOTKOPO 3aMbIKaHH51
Hpl 3TOM OKa3blBaeTCA OTJIHLIHbIM OT o6bIIiHON CTOUIIel BOJIHbI.
KaK yT3ep?KJ[aeT B. M. Bax'3HII, B HOJjo6HOM CJIy1 ae J1,Be BOJIHbI,
6eryIIthe no CIICTeMe. B HPOTHBOHOJIO}KHbIX HaHpaBJICHHAX, , BH}KyT-
CSI O'THOCHTeJIbHO KOOpAHHaTHOIi cncTeMbI x CO CKOPOCTSIMH (c+v)
H (c - v).
0,RHOro 3TOFO BbIBOJIa JIOCTaTOIIHO, LITO6bI HOKa3a'I'b lIcCocTOA-
TCJIbHOCTb HpoBeJjeHHbIX paCCy}KJI,eHHII B CJIyIIae paciipocTpaneini i
3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIX BOJIH.
BOHpoc, paccmaTPHBaeMbI~ B. M. BaXHHHbIM, JjaJIeKO He HOB.
rIpeo6pa3OBaHHe THHa (1), ncnOJIb3OBaHHOe B CTaTbe, H3BCCTHO
I B. M. B a X H H H, 06 0,111 H pa3HOBHjlHOCTH CTOWIHX BOJIH (?jBHg{y-
m.Heca Bo.IHb[`), Tpyltbi M311, Been. XXI (PagnoTexHnica), 1956, crp. 54-57.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KaK npeo6pa3oaaHUe FaJrHJIeH H He MO%eT 6bITb IlpiuIMe ieHO npH
peIHeHHH 9J1eKTpOJ[HHaMHTIeCKHX 3aaati B jBB>KyIIjHXC9 cpeAax. BMe-
C!~TO Hero AOJI}KHO 6bITb HcnoJlb3oBaHO npeo6pa3oBaHne .'peHH,1-
~ fiHHITeRrra, HMelOIIlee BR-q:
X, vt
x- - -, (2)
a2
~~-cz
rje c - cKOpoCTb CBeTa B BaKyyMe.
TeopeMa CJIO>KCHHB CKOpOCTel4 C ytle'roM npeo6pa3OBaHHH JIopeHHa
HMeeT BHj:
(3)
r, e v - oTHOCHTeJlbnasl CKOpocTb ABYX CFCTCM, jBH}KyW1;HXCfl Co
CKOpOCTHMH v1 H V2 HO OTHOI1IeHH10 K HefOABH}KHOMy Ha-
o'JIioJjaTejuo.
HeTpyAHO BHAeTb, tiro B CJIytlae pacnpoCTpaHoHHH 3JreKTpoMar-
HIITHOFF BOJIHbI B BaKyyMe COOTH3IHeHHe (3) npHBOAHT K H'HBapnaHT-
HOCTH CKOpOCTH CBeTa B JIl06oi CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT - noJIo}KeHHe,
JIe}Kaiuee B OCHOBe TeopHH OTHOCHTeJlbHOCTH H HammeAIIIee 6econop-
Floe HOATBepaKAeJHe B MHOrOtIHCJIeHHbIx 3KC~HepHMeHTax, HatHHaB
CO 3HaMeHHTOrO onblTa MaclKeJIbcoHa (1881 r.).
Ha uepBbiii B3rJIHA npH c . OAHHM H3 cJIeACTBHf1 3TOr0 6blA0 6bI, HanpHMep, 1ITO (popMa
CTOBgHX BOJIII H Co6CTBeHHaH tiaCTOTa BaKyyMHOPO pe30HaTOpa, paC-
noJ10}KeHHoro C CeBepa Ha For HJIH C 3anaAa Ha BOCTOK, pa3JIFPtia-
JIHCb 6b1 3a CieT >.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, BCe BbIBOAbI B. M. BaXHHHa o6 OCO6OM pe}Kii-
Me CTOHLIHX BOJIH AJIH CJlyLial, KOrAa pe30Ha1'Op HMeeT BaKyyMHOe
HaHOJIHeHHe, FIPOTHBOpegaT He TOJIbKO MaTeMaTHtieCKOII CTOpoFle
I MexaengecKHe KoJie6are:IhIIbie cpcTevihi 3,1CCb ite pacemaTpasarorcH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
TCOpHII OT'H00HTeJIbHOCTH, HO li BCBMH H3BeCTHbIM B IIaCToBulee Bpe-
MSI 3KCHepHMeIITBJIbHbIM 4aHHbIM.
CJIe'JjyeT HMeTb B BH-,y, 'ITO peJIHTHBHCTCKHe COOTHOHleHHSI Heo6-
XO,2HMO ytHTbIBaTb H B CJIytae 3aHOJIHeHHSI HpOCTpaHCTBa )jH3JIeK-
TpHKOM. KemH5i TjH3JieKTpHKa H B
HpOT1160H0JI0}KHOM HaHpaBJieFIHH, m KaK CJIeJjCTBHe H3MeHCHIIe ;HH-
Tep(IJepeHgi,io !HOii KapTHHbI JjaBHO 143BeCIHbI H' He Tp,e6yIOT IIOBOPO
o6Cy}K,geIII1H.
HHKaKHX HBJ!CHI!H, CTaBHII[HX HO, CO:MIIeIIBC CHpaBCJjJHBOCIb
TeOpHH OTHOCHTCJIb}IOCTH, B HaCFOHI1jee BpCMSI He o61mpy)1 eim. Ha-
HpoTHB, PpOMaaHbIii 3KCHePHMeHTHJIbHbIH MBrepHaJi, HCHpepbIBHO
HOJTytaeMblll B CBMbIX pa3HOO6pa3HbIX o6JZaCTHx eCTeCTB03}IaHMH H
TeXHHKir', JIaeT BCe HOBbIC HOJjTBep}KJjeI T15J CHpaBe ,TIHBOCTH OCHOB
TeopHH OTHOCHTCJIbHOCTP. B03BpaUIteHlie K KOIIUGHIIHH JIHIIIeHO KaKHX 6bI TO 1111 61,1,10 OCHoBaHHi1.
PCJiu }KC OTBJIeTIbCt OT BbII BHHyTOFO B. M. BaXHHIIbIM OHIH60Ll-
Horo o60CHOBaH1454 pa3JlHtil'H B CKOPOCTHX BOJIH, paCHpoCTpaH5II0-
I1iHXCH HO JIHHIIII B HpOTHBOHOJIO.)-KHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHHX, H paCCMaTpH-
BaTb H-eKOTOpyIO JIHHHI0 C. HOJj06HOF1 , To xapaKTep
CTOHTIHX BOJIH, eCTeCTBeHHO, H3MCHSIeTCH. HO CyIIICCTBy CTOSTTIaF Boll-
Ha B O6bhIHOM BOHHMaHIIH npi 3TOM I clie3aeT. OJI,HaKO 3TOT Bh!BO)t
HaCTOJIbKO 3JIeMCHTapeli, TITO, HO-BHJjHMOMy, OH He Mor 5IkJIHTbC51
geJlblo pacCMarpHBaeMoi CTaTbH.
Bblpa>Kalo 6,naroJjapHOCTb Hpocie copy, AOKTOpV (jIl3HKo-MaIe-
MaTHtleaKHx HayK B. A. (Da6pHKaHTy 3a Ho;jpo(5Hoe o6cy)K;jemie
collep)KaHHF HacTOAH[eflI 3aMeTKH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O IIPNBOPE AJIA ANHAMHgECKHX HMIIYJIbCHbIX
HCIIbITAHHH IIPHEMHO-YCHJIHTEJIbHbIX JIAM^
Acnupanin B. H. Atcceno3
jlpH JIHHaMHL1ecKHX HMnyJIbCHbIX HCHbITaHHSIX IIpHeMHO-yCHJIH-
TeJIbHbIX JIaMH (HYJI) HCCJIe4yeTC51 pa6oTa JIaMH B KOHKpeTHbIX
HNInyJIbCHbIX CXeMaX. IlpH TaKHX HCCJIeAOBaHHRX npuXOAHTCH B OC-
IIOBHOM H3MeP51Tb TOKH i3 (t) 3JIeKTpOJIOB H HanpHxceHHR u3s (t) Me?KRy
3JIeKTpoJIaMH H KaTOAOM, a TaK?Ke onpeJIeJIRTb BeJIHLiHHy Cpejweli
3a neproj T MOMHOCTH P3, Bb1jeJTrno IeIIC51 Ha JII06oM H3 9JIeKTpo-
JOB JIaMnbl. O6paLuaiCb K paccMOTpeHHIO B03M0}KHbIX CnoCO6OB H3-
McPeHHR yKa3aHHbIX BCJIHT-IHH, 6yAeM yi1HTbIBaTb, 1TO B peaJlbubIX
CXeMaX pe)KHMbI IZYJI XapaKTepH3yiOTCR TBKHMH aaHHbIMH: MIIHII-
\IaJlbHble JIJIHTeJIbHOCTH HMnyJIbCOB-eAHHHIjbI MHKpoceKyHJI, LIaCTOTbI
nOBTOpeHHi - OT eAHHHu AO aeC51TKOB TbICRLI repo, aMHJIHTy,L b1
TOKOB-OT aecHTKOB MHJuTHaMnep JIO e)IHHHg aMnep, aMfJIHTyJIbI
Ilanp5?KeHHH J OCTHraIOT 250-300 e. Ilpi 3TOM HanpH}KeHHH 11 TOKH
3 ieKTpO,gOB MOryT HMCTb ,HVAeBbie" COCTaBJIrnoLuHe.
1. H3MepeHHe a,, (t) H t3 (t)
B Ijenn JII06oro 113 3JICKTPOJIOB JlaMnbl, pa60TaK)mefl B Hn1nyJlbc-
Hon exeMe, MO}KeT 6bITb COnpOTHBJIeHHe Z3 Harpy3KH. B 9TOM CJIy
Sae ii iH onpeAeJieHHR Ilanpfl)KeHHSI u3K (t) _ ~3 (t) - ~x (t) Me?K,gy
,gOHHbIM 9JIeKTpoJIOM H KaTOAOM JlaMnbl (pHc. 1) Heo6XOJIHMO B JIK)-
1 O1i MOMeHT BpeMCHH 143 MCHOBeHHOI-O 3HaLIeHHH nOTeHLIHaJIa `~3 (t)
BbILIHTaTb BeJIHHHHy nOTeHL[HaJIa p, (t). Hpu H3MepeHHH nMnyJIhCHOrO
TOKa l3 (t) B Llenb 3JIeKTpOAa BKJLo iaCTCR (KaK H HpH CTaTHYeCKHX
11,OnyJIbCHbIX HCHbITaHHRX) COnpOTHBJIeHHe Ru < I Z3 I, naJleHHe Ha-
npRxceHHR uL3 Y3 (t) Ru i 3 (t) Ha KOTOPOM npoHopu,HO-
Ha.TIbHO H3MepReMOMy TOKy. B o60HX CJIyLIaix JIeJIo CBOJIHTCR, oLIe--
BIJ HO, K I13MepeHHIO nMnyJIbCHbIX HanplDKeHnH MC)KJ(y AByMH He3a
3eMJIeHHbIMH HO BbICOKOH HaCTOTe TOOKaMH cxeMbI. CyIIIeCTByIOHIHe
II3MepnTeJIbHble np116opbI (ocuHJIJIorpacpbl, HMnyJIbCIIble BOJIbTMeTpbI)
HC MOryT 6bITb HeIIOCpeJICTBeIIHO npHMeHeHbi JIJIR 3TOFI IICJIH, TaK
343
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
K8K IIMefo'r JIHHIb OJjHH ?H(23a3eNIJIeHHbIK" BXOtjHOH 3a}KHiMI. Ha
npaKTHKe HaXOJiSIT, HanpnMep, HanpHx{eHHe u3,,(t) nyTeM rpa(jjH4e-
CKOrO BbI'IHTaHHH, npeJl,BapHTeJIbHO n0J1ytHB C f0MOll bFO OCUHJIJIO-
rpa(Oa KPHBble p3 (t) H ?,(t). TO4HOCTb TaKHX H3MepeHH11, ocO6eHH0
npH onpe4eJleunu i3 (t), HH3Ka.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, JUTH H3MepeHH2 u3K (t) H L9 (l) HeO6xoJ F1M CnC-
u.HaJIbHbI1I npu6op - 3,i1eKTpOHHbI~ BbInIHTaTeJIb, npeo6pa3yk)njul{
pa3HOCTb noTeHuuaJloB `P1 (t) - (P2 (t) B Hanp i eHHe
uar,x(t)_K[pT1(t)-p2(t)), (1)
113Mep ieMoe OTHOCIITeJIbHO 3eMJAH" CXeMbI. C BbIXOJja BbI4HTaTeJIH
FlanpH}KeHHe uanx (t) MON{eT y>Ke nojLaHaTbcH I{a o6b14Hb1e npH60pbI.
HCCJIe,a0BaHHn nOKa3aJlH, i1T0 B KaqeCTBe nOJj06HbIX BbIgHTaTejleli
Ije.necoo6pa3H0 FICHOJIb3OBaTb 1) napaJTJleJIbHblII 6aaaaHCHb-fI yCHJIH-
TeJIb; 2) )jBa KaCKaJja HHBepTOp-cyMMaTOp.
rlapa.lJleJIbHbIN 6aJIaHCHbII3 VCHJIHTeJIb (HBY) KaK BbIgHTaTeJlb
(JjH(xf epeHLjnaJlbHbIfI yCHJIHTeJIb) HH3Ko iaCTOTHblX HaHpH)KeHHH H3-
BeCTeH 4OBOJIbHO uIHpoK02. HH)Ke nOKa3aHa npHMeHnMOCTb TaKOH
CXeMbI H JjJIH Bbl'HTaHHH HMnyJIbCHbIX CHrHaJIOB.
B cxeMe HBY (pic. 2) BbIXOJ4Hoe HanpH eHHe uerxx MO)KHO nany-
tIHTb OTHOCHTeJIbHO ?3eMJIH" C aHojja JI106o1 IM JIaMn, npn4eM )Ji. 1)
l(arx.c - Kdu (T I - P2) + K TI + `f2 /
yp 2 - > l2)
r.ae Kd u, -JjH(J(pepeHUHaJIbHbII3 KO3())(4HIjHeHT yCHJIeHHH, HO CBOeMy
CMbICJIy paBHbIN KO3(p(f)FlgneHTy K B Bblpa)KeHHH (1);
K11p - KOB(jJ(jJHIjIeHT ycHJ1eHHS1 no ypoBH10-onpeJje. HeT 3aBHCI1-
MOCTb tI - OT Cpeiwero ypOBHSI To ?I Z `Pz CIITHaJIOB; TOJIbKO npH
BNX
I EcJr ?KC noaaBarb, HaIIpHMep, H3Mep 1eMOe HanpuKeHHe np1Mo Ha OT-
KJIOHAK)Ill,He UJIaCTHHbI 3JIeKTpOHHO-JlyteBo3 Tpy6KH ocuUJIJiorpaI)a, TO
HeJIb3H Ha6Juo/ aTb KaK Ma/lble, TaK H 6oJIbIIIne CHrHaJibl.
2 CM., NanpHMep, [.TI. 1] H [J1. 2].
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
JIHHeIIHbIMH HCKa}KeHHAMHI.
TaK KaK 9TH JlaMnbl nMeIOT
He6OJIbmOIi CTaTHTieCKHIi KO34J4JH-
uHeHT ycHJIeHHH ? (nopiAKa 10-20),
TO OCHOBHaH Mepa CHHDKeHHH Kyp -
Bb16op COHPOTIIBJIeHHBI Rx 6OJIbLHOu
BeJIngHHbI. B npaKTHTieCKHX cxe-
MaX BMeCTO 60JIbLUOrO Rx c ie-
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JlaMny- neHTOJj (JIyTIeBOIt TeTpOJj).
Elue 6oJIbIHyIo BeJIHTJHHy 9KBHBa-
JIeHTHOro COHPOTHBJIeHHH Rx.3xe B
KYP ---0 BbIXOAHOe HanpBlxcenne 6yJjeT npnio nponopuuollaJibllo
pa3HOCTH BXOJjHbIX CHTHaJIOB.
flpn 6oJIbLnOII pa3HOCTH BXOAHbIX Hanp5}KeHHH B KageCTBe JIaMII
H ?"2 ciiej yeT MCnOJIb3OBaTb HaH6o.nee MOHjHble npiieMHO-yCHJIHTeJlb-
Hble TpHOJjbI, a TaK}Ke JIyTleBble TeTPOJjbI B TPHOJjHOM COeJjHHeHHH.
3TO o6ecnegnT yCHJIeHHe HanpH KeHHN U,.,, B03HI4KaioLuHx Me}Kjty
+5't-`2
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Ha pnc. 3 npuBejjena pa3pa6oTauHa5i aBTOPOM cxeMa HBY,
B KOTOPOIf 3a CTIeT BCnoMoraTeJIbHOfi ,iaMnbl 'fi4 OCynjeCTBJIBIeTCB
JZOHOJIHHTeJIbHO CTa6HJIH3auH5i CyMMbI aHOJjHb!X TOKOB iiaMn Ji H //_,.
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uenn KaTOJjOB JiaMn JIf H /72 MO3K-
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(3)
NRx4 RS HcnOJIb3OBanne B 9TOII cxeMe
rJje K4 1 + Rao Yt- R, + R3
eLUe OJjHOfi JlaMnbl .,75 H03BOJIAeT CHH3HTb BeJlnuuHy Kyp ;&o_
1-4
+Rj, - , Y2 ^' 1
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-}- R,
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McTPbI KOTOPbIX 6JIH3KH (fLI 112; Ri1 Ri2). OJIHaKO HpeHe6pexKHMbI HEY (pIlc. 2) HOAaEOTCH MFHOBeHHble nepena ,bI Ha-
npfliKeHnl-f, nOJIytIHM4:
Kilu~X7 (t)-Kduccc(I - e RiaCE ), (7)
1 3TO nOHRTne OTHOCIIreJIbHOF{ fOfpeI11HOCTn 0 MOSRHO npI1MeHIlrb K CXeMe
JIIOUOrO Bb14uTaTC7B.
2 3aMeTIJM, 4TO B CXeMe pnc. 3 JlO00JIHHTeJIbHOe yMeHbinemie Kyp 3a cgeT
~1 1C IBHB JlaMnbl /15 6yjeT Ha116ojiee 3(JJ(])eKTIIBHbIM npH 6JIn3K1IX 110 BCJIH-
'InHe napa.oerpax .aaMn /71 n /12.
3 AMOM HO yKa3arb, noxiaJTyH, Jinlub oAHy pa6ory [J1. 3], B KoTOpOa IIBY
pac CAlaTpiiBaerCR Kali BbmHHTarCJIb IIMnyJIbCHhIX Hanp}1 KeHHF, HO KOFJ1 JII 11
7 2 - iieH rOjL,I.
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?I=:506 H ?2==456 BbIXO,JHble
RQ w; CQ
HanpflxceHHH J(OCTHraloT cBOero Ca t
yCTaHOBHB1HefOCH 3HatIeHH51 (.. 13 e) --) f-i F,?T aeux
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.
e
no 6.noK-CxeMe pnc. 4 B KageCTBe
nnaepropa n cyMMaTOpa cJIeAyeT npHMeHHTb cxeMy yCHJIHTeJISI
C napaJIJIeJIbHOl3 OTpHUaTeJIbHOIi 06paTHO14 CBH3bIO [JI. 4, 5]. B TaKOI[
cxeMe (pnc. 5) ueJlecoo6pa3HO HCrIOJIb3OBaTb neHTOAbI (nylleBble
TeTpOAbl). IlpH 3TOM KO3 jJ 3HuHeHT yCHJIeHHB CXeMbI J JISI CJIy4au
CpaBHHTeJIbHO HH3KHX IIaCTOT
K KO RnRcAr (9)
o.coo - Ro (RI + RcM) -1- (1+ Koo) RIRcM
rje K SRa . BocnOJlb3oBaaluuCb 3aTeM McTOAOM [JI. 6], HaI1AeM,
IITO MaKCHMaJIbHO J onyCTHMbIii CHrHaJI AJiii HalneK CXeMbI
K
U.1-11 _U11.11 I KO.C (10)
IIpH HCnOJIb3oBaHHH CXeMbI p ic. 5 KaK nnaepTopa Ku = h o.c -
= - 1. F103TOMy UBX.M Ucx.M Koo, rae UC, M - MaKCHMaJIbHbIF( cllr-
HaJI, yC1JIHBaeMb1I3 JIaMnof npH 3aAaHHOIi HeJIHHeiIHOCTH. OTCK)Aa
cJ1eAyeT, IITO AJ15I: nIHBepTHpOBaHHH CHTHaJIOB 6oJlbnlOcl BeJIHIIHHbI
HeO6XOAHMO npHMeHHTb JlaMnbl c ?JleBbIMH" aHOAHo-ceTOLIHbIMH
XapaKTepHCTHKaMH H yBeJIHIIHBaTb BeJIHIIHHy Kam.
I7pH HccJIeAOBaHHH CXeMbI pnc. 5 Ha BbICOKHX IIaCTOTaX Heo6xo?
AHMO ytiHTbIBaTb BJIIIAHHe BXOAHOM CBx, HPOXOAHOI-I C, P H BbIXOJI
1 fJPH BKJII09eHHH eMKOCTea C1 eMKOCTH
yBeJIH'IHBa!OTCa Ha 2C1 Ka3KJIaa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HON Ca eMKOCTeII, a TaKoKe eMKOCTH C1. AHa [13 CXeMbl 11OKa3blBaer,
HTO npH BbIHOJIHeHHH yCJIOBHB
(11)
CHTHaJi y1 (t) HHBepTHpyercH C HaHMeHb[IIHMII JIHHeRHbIMH FICKaace-
HHHMH, npH9eMl
Ko.,(t)=-(1-e 10-c
(12)
AJIx Bb1IIOJIHeHHH (11) npHHXOAHTCH B npaKTH4ecKHx cxeMax yseJlH-
+IHBaTb Be?IHqHHy eMKOCTH C1, 4TO HpHBOJWT K He}KeJIaTeJIbHOMy
yMeHbllleHH1O BXOJI,HOTO COHpOTHBJIeHHR CXCMbI
(13)
Zex=Z1.+ z.,+Z ZOcMZc(IM +Kp)
ZI I+ pR1C1' ZO I + P ROC, p ,
Kp 1 + PR C (p - onepaTOp).
a a
I;OCTOHHHaHI BpeMeHH T _ c B (12) Onpe,4eJMeTCH Bblpa}KeHHeM
_ RCM
ZCM +pR C
cM ex
(14)
TaKHM o6pa3oM, AIR o6ecneleHI1H Ma.ioN BeJIHYHHbI T... cJlejiyeT
npHMeHHTb Jl3Mnbl C B03MO)KHO McHbIIIeli eMKOCTbIO CBx H 6OJIbnION
KpyT113HON S*; 3T11 Tpe60BaHHR HpOTHBOpelIHBbI. ECJIH Jjim yMeHbLHe-
HHR -,O .c yBeJIH-IHTb Cn p , TO 3T0 HpHBeJjeT K yBeJTFI eHHIO Cl cor,nac-
HO (11). I-'13MeHeHHe BeJIHgoHbI Ra, a CJieJjOBaTeJibHO, H K,,. B LHH-
pOKHX npeAe.lax npaKTFNecKli He CKa3bIBaeTCH Ha To c? OAHaKO npH
tipe3MepHOM yBeJIH4eHHH R. HagHeTCH 3aMeTHbIN POCT T,, .c 3a CgeT
yMeHbLHeHHH S (HpH HeH3MeHHOM Ea).
1 npH BbIBOJIe (11) H (12) HpHHHMaJIOCb BO BHHMaHHe, YTO B pea.nbHbiX
CXeMaX BeiiHYHHbl COnpoTHB.ie HHIi R1, RCM, R0 H Ri MHOrO 6oJ1bwle Ra 11 qTO
KO.ca0
C
B aRea.26HOM cJiy'iae npH CBx -+ 0 tio.c ^ 2 a npn C,, p-a0 `,,.c =RaC0.
C
YMCUTHO 3aMeTHTb, qTO npH R1C1 = RCMCex = R?C1z p `o.c ^ 3 S (ec,nH yeecTb,
'ITO B peaJlbHbIX CXeMaX COHpoTHBJIeHHH R1, R0, RCM 6JIH3KH 110 BeJIHYHHe).
Ca 2C,, p + Cex
Cex
clip + K
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
lipid HCHOJIb3OBaHHH cxeMbl pHC. 5 AJ1fl CYMMHPOBaHHA CHrHa.110B
Y2(t) H- p1(t) I[eo6xo,Ijn io HoIKJ1iogHTb K CeTKe JIaMnbl ewe OAHy
BeTBb R2-CI (uOKa3aHo nyHKTHpOM), 'Iepe3 KOTOPYIO nojaeTCA BTO-
pOII H3 CyMMIIpyeMb[X CIIFHaJIOB. Ko3( j)HuueHT YCHJIeHHA KU CyMMa-
Topa B o6weM cnyTIae MOA{eT 6bITb OTJIHLIHbIM OT e4HHllubl. K CyNl-
MaTOpy npe4'bBBJIflIOTCI NleHee }KeCTKHe Tpe60BaHH2 B OTHOIIeHIIH
MaKCIlMaJlbHO gOrYCTIIMOFO BXO)jHoro CHrHajla, TaK KaK HanpmiKCHHe,
HOCTynaK)ruee Ha CeTKY J;aMnb1, y}Ke nponOPuHOHaJ1bHO Pa3HOCT11
?2(t) - y1(1). B OCTaJIbHOM AJIA CYMM3Topa 6yfyT CnpaBeIJIHBbl OT-
MetleHHble Bblllie coo6pa}KeHHA, UCJIH up i pac'-Ielax npHHHMaTb 130
BHHMaHHe BJIHHHHe AOHOJIHHTeJIbHOH BeTBH R,-C" (R2C2= RICI).
OAHaKO npH 9TOM Hafo y9eCTb, 'ITO Ha 04x11 H3 BXOAOB CyMMaTO-
pa noCTynaeT y}I:e HHBepTHpOBaHHbIcI H, CTPOFO rOBOpfl, HCKa}KeHHb111
CHrHaJ1--y1(t), a Ha ApyroH-CHrHaJI Yi2(1), He nOABepraBIuHHCA npeo6-
pa30BaHHIO. I103TOMy j4J1A CHII}KeHHA BOJIHOHH Kep(t) H b(t)l Heo6Xo-
4IIMO ,nponyclHTb" CHJHaJI ?2(t) olepe3 HHTerpHpy[Onjylo ueno9Ky
R - C, lMelOulylO HOCTOHHHYIO BpeMeH11 =RC = Hoene tlera
cnrHaJ[ nocTynaeT y)KC Ha BXOA CyMMaTOpa.
9KCnepuMeHTaJIbHO HCCJICAOBaJIHCb CXeMbI OHHCaHHbIX BbIIIIe I11I-
BepTopa u cyMMaTOpa npH npHMeueHHH B cxeMe puc. 5 main 611(31!,
6)KIOH, 611111, 6113C, FY-50.
Hau,riy'Inlne pe3yJlbTaTbI B cxeMe HHBepTopa 6bIJIH noJlyqenb1 npH
IICHOJ[b3OBBHHH JIBMnbI FY-50. gaHHbie H pe}KHMbI CXeMbI: R,,=
2,5 KOAI; R? =470 Ko,IC; R1 = 360 Ko,YI; RCM = 360 lcoJlL; E, = 450 e;
E,2 = 250 e; E==-350 e; C1 H C,,p-noAcTpoeoHble KOHAeHCaTOpbl
eMKOCTb[o 2-7 nt3. Hpu H3MeHeHHH BXOAHOIO CHrHaJIa OT 0 Ao
160 6 K? = K? ,,,~ = - 1 c norpeIUHOCTblo Ke npH BbICO-
KHX ero TIaCTOTaX He SIBJIBeTCSI 34X1JeKTHBHbIM H HpaKTHTIeCKH VAo6-
HbIM, B CaMOM AeJIe, J JISI BBOAa 100 or MOIIlHOCTH B 1 Chl3 CTCKJI.i
HpH gaCTOTe 10 M04 Tpe6yeTCSi HanpH}KeHHOCTb nOpSIJIKa
30 000 6/CM. IloBbInleHHe TIaCTOTbI Ao 40 Meq npHllOAHT K fOHH}Ke-
HHIO Tpe6yeMOI=i Hanpsl}KeHHOCTH Ao 15 000 6/cm. ja)Ke H nocJlej-
HSISi BeJIHTi1Ha 6Jui3Ka K npo6HBHoIi Hanpfi)KeHHOCTH B031yxa. UpaK-
TIITieCKH 9JIeKTpOJJbl pacnoJiaraioTCSI cilapyxdH no AHaMeTpy CBapli-
361
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BaOMbIX WIJTHHApOB, IITO noTpe6yeT 'Ipe3Mepiio 6oJIbLHHx HanpmKe-
H1I1i (jjeCHTKH-COTHH KnJIOBOJIbT). CHH}KeHHe )Ke Hanpu?KeHHOCTH
Be,aeT K 3HaTIHTeJIbHOMy YBeJIHHeHHIO BpeMenH HarpeBa.
BpeMH HarpeBa Macchi cTeKJIa 10 3a, aHH'0H TeMne.paTypbl npH
\ C JIOBHH He3aBHCHMOCTH TefJIOeMKOCTH C OT TeMnepaTypbl H GTi:yT-
,'rBHn TenJIOBbIx rIOTepb onpeJ1eJiHTcH (~OpMyJIOIi
12
dt
= A Fm
(6)
ra" ill M1lCCB C 2:
C - yie ri1 AA I Ten,:1 Ml{JC"rb CTeK'la, tiajijC.iN ?C.
3'HaH 3aKOH y(I),'HeTpyjjHO nOAC'IHTaTb iieo6xoaHMoe Bpe~MH. ,,!IV
'ipy6KH AHaMeTpOM 6,5 cm npH npHJI0)KeIIHH K IIeci IianpH K HHH
i 5 000 s H f=40 Matt nompe6yeTCH BpeMB nopHAKa 3 MUH, TITC6bI
Ii0AHSITb TeMnepaTypy nOJIOCKH IHHpHHOIi I CM OT KpaH OT 20 ao
120?C. 'CHH)KeHHe Ha'np57KeHHH ao 10 000 e yBeJIHTIHBaeT BpeMH
pa30TpeBa jjo 7 MUK. YTIeT TenJIOBbIX nOTepb CoOTBeTCTBeHHO yBe-
JIHqHBaeT T, npH6JIHxca5i ee BeJIHT411Hy K jjeaUTBHTeJIbHOI3. TaKHM
o6pa3oM, cJlejjyeT npH3HaTb TaKOI' HarpeB HenpaKTHT-IHbIM H He9'KO-
II0MHTMbIM.
BTOpbIM CnOCO60M IiaLlaJlbHOrO pa3orpeBa HBJIHeTCH C1OC06 npo-
BoJjSiHjero rIOKpbITHH [A. 3, 4]. Ha TOPUbI CBaPHBaeMbIX JjeTaJlefl
HaHOCHTCH C pa3pblBaMH nJIeHKa H3 npOBOAHLLjerO MaTeppIaJia, Ha-
npn4Iep KOJIJIOHJjHOrO rpa4M4Ta. K HOKpbITHIO riOjjBOAHTCH Ilanpa,Ke-
IIHe. B pa3pblBax nJIeHKH B03HHKaIOT gyrH, KOTOPbIC ,iarp0BaI)-r
CTeKJI0. Flo Mepe BblropaHliH nJIeHKH CTeKJIO AOCTHraeT TeMnepaTy-
pbi, npn KOTOpOIT HpoBOjHMOCTb ero HaCTOJIbKO yBeJIHzIHBaeTCH, 'ITO
CTHHOB'H'TCH 3HagHTeJIbiio 6OJIbme npOBOJWHMOCTH Ayr0BOr0 pa3pfJja,
noCJIe,gHHII racIieT, H TOK, npOTeKaH y}Ke TOJIbKO B CTe.KJie, npOH3-
BOJjIIT 6bICTpbIIi OKOHLIaTeJlbilbIii pa30rpeB nocJleAHero 10 TeMnepa-
Typbl CBapKli. 9TOT MCTO,j fPHMCIIHM ,1IJIH CBaPKH JjeTaJieIi J1106oH
KOH()HrypauHH H3 Ty1'OHJIaBKOrO CTeK,TIa C BbICOKOII TepMII IeCKO1I
CPONKOCTbIO H '.Ha iiaw B3r.7SIJj ero cJIeAyeT pex0MeHJj0BaTb B iia6o-
pa'rOpHOU rIpaKTHKe.
I~ HpOMbI111,1CHHOM HpoH3BOAc'rae B03MO)KHOCTH Cro npHMCHeHHH
CJ1C;jyCT noJjBeprnyTb Cepbe3HOH npOBepKe, noCKoJibxy ,canto Hane-
ceHHe TaxoH H.IIeHKH MO}KeT JjaBaTb He)KeJIaTeJlbnbFe BKJIIO'eHHH
3 CTCKJIO,
I la OCH0BaHHH ITpHBe ieHHblx BbILHe Coo6pa)KeHH}i '6bIJI nOABepr-
HVT IIOCJIe, OBaHHIO TpeTHII Onoco6 - CnOCo6 KOM6HHHpoBaHHoro Ha-
r p)eBa ra3'01BbIM nJIaMeHeM H 3JIeKTpH4eCK14M TOKOM, OHHCaHHbIIk
[JI. I-5], KOTOpbIIi HBJIHeTCH HaH6oJIee y,j06HbIM.
CYLUHOCTb ero 3aKJIio,4aeTC51 B c. e,TjyiomeM. KpaH jjeTaJIefl, HoA-
JIe)KaLL[HX CBapKe, npejjBapHTeJIbHO HarpeBaIOTCH B HJIHMeHH rO'peJIKH
J,o TeMnepaTypbl, HpH Koropofi yj C.JbIIOe CorPOTIIBJICHne CTeK~7a Ha-
162
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
,ijaeT AO BeJIHLIHHbI nopHAKa
104 oM ? cm. Ho AldaMeTpy CBapH-
BaeMbix aeTajieR y pa3orpeTbIX
KpaeB yCTaxaBJIHBaIOTCSI 3JIeKTpo-
,abI, K KOTOpbIM npHKJIaJI,bIBaeTC5l
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9JIeKTpOJIbI SIB.15IIOTC5I OAHOBpeMeH-
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TpOAbl; B apyrOM noaorpesaIOlUHe
I'OpeJIKH 3JIeKTpHileCKH H3oJIHpOBa-
HbI OT 3JIeKTpOAOB - 6ecnjlaMeH- L_ 41-s amd
Hble 3JIeKTpoabl. IIOA Jje13cTBneM Pic '2
npHJto}KeHHoro HaHp9)KeHHR Me}K-
.ay 3JIeKTpojjaMn H pa3orpeTblM HOSICKOM CTeKJIa B03HHKaIOT 3JIeK-
TpHileCKHe AyrOBble pa3pSIAbI, ilepe3 KOTOpble TOK BBOAIITCH B CTeK-
;10. Ha pic. 2 npeACTaBJIeHa npHHuHnnaJIbHaB cxeMa 3Toro McTOJja.
3 AeCb 1 - HarpeBaeMoe cTeKJIO; 2 - 3JIeKTpoabl-ropenKH; 3 - r10-
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AHaJIH3 pa6oTbl 3KdnepHMeHTaJlbHON yCTaHOBKH
HH}Ke paocMOTpenbl cJlpljyIOMHe OCHOBHble BonpoCbl yCTaHOBKII
,a.'I5' 3.'IeKTpoCBapKH CTeKJIa.
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'9.'I e KTp Oabl?
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IIbIx 3?leKTpOjoB?
3. KaKOe BJIHHIIIH'c OKa3bIBaeT Ha pe3KIiM pa3orpesa gaCTOTa
r pelomerO Toxa?
4. KaKHe HanpmKeHHSI He06xop,HMbI Aim pa3orpeBa HOA CBapxy
Jj2Ta.IeI3 pa3JIHTIHbIx reoMeTpHileCKHX pa3MepOB?
HcnbITaHHSI npOBO HJIHCb B 0CIIOBH0 Ha cTeKJIe peuenra 3C-5K,
o6.na,atome M BbICOKOA TepMnileCKOII CTORKOCTblO H HOTOMV yAoo-
HbIM AJiR JIa6opaTOpHbIx HCCJIe.oBaHH13.
tl KaileCTBe HCTOHHHKa MOL HOCTH 6bIJI B351T BbICOKOzIaCTOTHbIIi
rediepaTOp, co6paIIHblli no TpeXTOTIC4HOI1 cxeMe Ha JiaMne r-4,31.
MoLUlloCTb, noTpe6J Behan reHepaTOpoM or ceTli, 20 K6T. N1aKCo-
MadZbllOe HanpH}KeHHe (AefiCTByIoLuee 3HageHH;e), CHHMa3LHeee5i
c renepaTOpa, 10 K6. H3MeHCHHeM CMKOCT'II KOHTypHOIl 6aTapeH
KOHJ[eHCaTOpoB TIacTOTa reIIe!pHpyeMblX KoJie6aHHM M-eHHJIacb B Iipe-
:IeJlax 0,3-1,5 Meth.
IlepEble pe3yJlbTaTbl OnbITOB HOKa3aJIIi, TITO BbIAeJIH1OIuaHc I npli
pa6oTe Ha 3JIe,KTpoJTax MOLIHOCTb HaCTOJIbKO BCJIHKa, idTO BOH OC
o6 HX MaTepnaJle H pa3Mepax SIBJISIeTCrT cymeCTBeHHbIM. HpHMenell-
Hble B HaiIaJIe OnbITOB B Ka'IeCTBe 3JIeKTpO;IOB HaKOHC'IHHKH 06bILI-
EbIX 1OpeJIOK 113 JIaTyHII i3JIH npOCTOH CTaJIH npir rOPeHHH pa3pHHAa
pacKaJiHJIaCb AOKpacHa, oHJIaBJIHBaJIHCb H pa3pyulaJIHCb, McTa..1
3JIeKTpOAOB oceAaJi Ha CTeKJIO.
,UJISI CO3AaHHH yCTOIIiIHBOCTH 3JIeKTpOJLOB B pa6oTe Heo6xoAFIMo
61,IJI0 HOHH3HTb FIX pa6o1iylo TeMnepaTypy. HOc.ieJ1Hee MO}KHO )[0-
36:3
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CTHFHyTb oa'6o yBeJIHYeHHeM MaccHBIIOCTH B.aeKT'pOAOB, ,,iiiGo upH-
McIICHHeM HX BOA5THOro OXJIa)KAeHHH. C TOLIKH 3peHHR HaHMeHbIun>;
rOTepb 3HeprHli B pa3pHAaX H ~Ha 3JIeKTpoaax, a T1K Ke HaHJIyLTInIrX
YCJICBTi11 3a)KHraHHSI pa3p5TAa IjeJIeCoo6pa3HO HMeTb MaKOH'MaJIbII()
B03MO)KHyIO JA 2 MaTepHaTla 3JIeKTpo,ga TeMnepaTypy. IIO3TOMy HaMII
npHMeHHJITICb B AaJIbHe hJJnx HCCJTeJ1OBaHHHX BJIeKTpoAbI H3 )Kapo-
npOgHC1i CTaJni H B&OJIb(ppaMa, KOTOpbfC uOKa3ajnH Xoponiyro CT'Oil-
KOCTb K pa3pyineHHIO B ,ia0op ITOpIIbIX YCJIOBHSIX. KOHCTpyKljlir!
3JIeKTpo,OB npeaycMaTpHBaJIa OTBOA TeHJIa 3a c4eT HX MaCCHBHO-
CTH,. BOA5IHOe }Ke OXJla}K-,ieHHe KOHCTPYKTHBHO YCJIO)KHBeT yCTaHoB-
Ky. JiJT51 o6J1er14eHiiSI VC.1IOB10 36)KHraHH51 pa3pHAa HaKOHeLTHHKaV
3JIeKTpOJjoB 6bJJIa npHAaHa (jOpMa KoHyca. OnraMaJIblible reo ic-
TPIILICCKHe pa3Mepb1 3JIeKTpoLO'B TLJISI Ka)KAOrO KOHKpeTHOrO CJIyiia`i
HeTpVAHO inOA06paTb onbITHbIM nyTCM. B cJiyLTae BOJ-jSTHOro OXJIa)K-
AeHHSi TeM.nepaTypa 9JIeKTpOAOB AOCTaTOTIHO XOpOIUO peryJlHpyeTcu
113MeHeHHeM cKOpOCTH HpOTeKaHHH BOAbl.
IIpH HCCJIeAOBaHHH pa3p5IAOB C nJIaMeHHbIX H 6ecnJlaMeiHHb1X
3JIeKTpOAoB Me)KAy HOCJIe4H'HiMH TioMewaJIOCb Me)HOe KOJIbHO, 3JIe1i-
TpHge0KH H30JIHPOBaHHoe OT yCTaH'oBK1I. H3MepBH naAeHHe Hanp5i-
)KeHHH Ha 9JIeKTpOAax, MbI noiIyliaeM (paKTHMeC:KH na)ieHHe Hanp5i-
)KeHHH Ha pa3pHAHbIX np'OMe)KyTKax, nocJIeAOBaTeJIbHO BKJHOLIeH-
HbIX C McAHbIM KOJIbAOM, TaK KaK ConpOTHBJIeHHeM noCJIeaHe'ro BBH-
Ay ero MaJIOCTH MO)KHO npeiie6peiib. IIpH 3TOM B CJIy'LIae pa3pilAa
B ra30KHCJIOPOaHOM n,TIaMeHH naj eHHe HaTIpH)KeHIH)H Ha 3JIeKTpOAaX
Go'CTaBiIJIO 600 e nPH BeJIHLTHH2 pa3pSIAHbIX npoMe)KyTKo'B 2 AfAf.
HanpnxceHue 3a)KHraIHH5I pa3psri a B 3TOM CJIyLIae yCTaHOBHTb He
yuaJIOCb, TaK KaK BO3HHK,HOBeHHe relHep'auHH COnp0B0}KAaJIOCb yCTa-
HoBJIeHHeM pa3pHAa H Ha'HpH)KeHHA, KOTOpOe npH uaJIbHeflweM yBe-
JTI geHHH TOKa npaKTHLTecKH He McHSIJIOCb.
IIpIH TOM )Ke paC'CTOHHHH 3JIeKTPOAOB AO McAHorO KOJIbUa B CJIy-
Liae Pa:3pHAa B BO3AyXe Ha,npH)KeHHe Ha BJIeKTpoAax COCTaBHJIO
1 600-1 800 B, a HanpsDKeHHe 3a)KHraHH5i 5 600-6 400 B. BbUJTo
OTMegelIO, IITO B CJIy'-Iae pa3p u1a B nWlaMeHH Ha noBCOK CTeKJIa,
pa3orpeToro Ao TeMuepaTypbi 800-1 000 ?C, nepeKpbiTH,e rasa it
KHCJIOpOAa Ha B~eJIHLIHHy naJ eHHSI HaSIpB)KeHHH Ha Pa3p5IAe BJIH51I11i5T
He OKa3bIBaerr. IIOCJIeJ!JHee MO KHO o6'bB/CHHTb TeM, LITO rIOTeHIjH'aJI
ropeHHST pa3p5TJja o'npe,AeJIBerc51 y)Ke noTeHgHaJIoM 'HOHH3a11HH n a-
pOB HjeJIOTIHbIX McTaJIJIOi3, KOT0pbIIi HH)Ke COOTBeTCTBy!Onjero nOTe11-
HHaJia ra30B B niiaMeHH.
YCTaHOBJIeHo, LITo npH HH3KHX TeMnepaTypax CTeKJTa {Jjo 700---
800? C) pa3p5TA B nJIaMeHH 6ojiee yCTONLIHB, gem pa3pST,Tj B aTMO-
ccl)epe. IIpH BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax ycTofIIIH'BOCTb B nJIaM^HI' TepH-
eTCST H HHTHO pa3plAa 6o iee HHTeHCHBHO nepeMeIjaeTCH KaK ro
BdI('KTpO,ay, TaK H HO CTeKJIy, IIOABJIHeTCSI HCKpeWie, LITO TaK)KC
o6"b!TCHBeTCSI 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHbIM BbIAeJIeHHeM H3 CTeKJIa napoi3
IIjeJTo'gHbIX McTa.TIJIO'B, KoTOpble yxce onpeAeiuuiiOT Hai16ojIee TierKHil
limb TOKa OT BJIeKTPOAa K 'CTeKJIy.
BJIH?HHe LIaCTOTbI Ha BCpXpeKTHBHOCTb BJIeKTpopa3orpeBa CTCK.TFa
C TaggKI1 3peHHH 3JIeKTpHTIe'CKHX CBONCTB ero pa3o6Pauo Bbl-JIe. 1'13-
36 I
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
DICHCIIIie TiaCTOTbI B onpe;ieJIeHHOII creneHH BJHIICT Ha 3a)KH'raHHe
ii ropeni[e p:a3pHJ a. H. A. KanuoB [JI. 13] npHBOUHr 3aBH0HMOCrh>
OTHOIHCI?IIH rP060IIH0r0 HanpH}KeHHSI Ha BbIC0KOI-i Tia(T,)Te K np0-
60IIi!OMy H2IIp5I}KeHHJ0 Ha HOCTOSIHHOM TOKe OT TI2CTOrbI. KplBKeHHH cTeKaoM yKa3aHHOli BbIH1c TeMnepaTypbl 3( (~eii-
THBHOCTb 3JIeKTpOHarpeBa OT tIaCTOTbI TOKa (B AHana3OHe MIaCTOT
npOMbIHIJIeHHbIX BbICOKO1iaCTOTHbIX relepaTOpaB) npaKTHIIeCKH lie:
3aBHCHT.
HagaJIbHoe HanpmKeHlHe 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CJieJIyeT yCTaHaBJIHBaTb
HCXOJIH 143 yCJIOBHSI CO3)aHH51 B CTeKOe HanpslxceHHOCTH inoaH He Me-
Hee 400-500 e/cM.
9JIeKTpOJIbI AJISI 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CTeKOa CJIeayeT BbI~nOJIHSITb 113.
}Kapoupot1HbIX MaTepHaJIOB C aOrOJIHHTeJIbHbIM OTBOA'OM TenJla.
CyMeCTBeHHOl3 pa3HHIIbI B HCHOJIb3OBaHHH fJIaMeHHbIX if 6eCnJIa:-
McHHbIX 3JIeKTpOJIOB HeT.
)JJISI BbICOKOrO Ka4e1CTBa CBapKH HIeO6XOJjHM TnjaTeJlbHblii npe,Z-
BapHTeJIbHbIi-I pa3orpeB KpaeB CBaPHBaCMLIX AeTaJlei'I C HanMeHb-
IHHM nelpenaAoM TeM'nepaTypbI no TOJIIIIHHe CTeKOa. BpeMH 3JIeK-
TpOHarpeBa JIerKO KOHTpOJIHpyeTCSI. HOBTOp5IeMOCTb pe}KHMOB JIerKG
VCTaHaBJIHBaeTCi, MTO OTKpbIBaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb pa3pa6OTKH aBTO-
M3THtIeCKOrO CBapotIHoro cTaHKa.
HpOBeAeHbI Jla6opaTOpHble HCnbITaHrIH, KOTOpble n03BOJIHJIH BbI-
SICHHTb Tpe60BaHHH K yCTaHOBKe no 3JIeKTpOCBapKe CTeKOa H noJly-
tlHTb y1IOBJieTBO'pHTeJlbHble pe3yJIbTaTbl OHbITHOR CBapKH KOHyCOB
366
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
C 3KpaHaMH 3JIeKTponHO-Jny4eBbIx Tpy60K (J IameTpbl 3KpaHOB 120
H 178 MM) H3 crex.na 3C-5K. Ha pHc. 4 nplBeAexa ipororpa4Jntr
3JIeIKTpOCBapKH KOHyea c 3KpaHOM. 11po6bl CBaPKI3 AeTajIeii H3 CTeK-
JTa peuenroa C-88-13 H 713 TaK)Ke Aajiu nojlo)KHTeJIh,Mbie pe3yJlbTa-
TbI. FIOJIHyIO 3KOHOMH ieCKYIO xapaKTepHCTHKy 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CTeK-
JI3 MIO}KHO 'OyJteT ZIaTb TOJIbKO nOC.IC OCBOCIIHH 3TOr0 McTOj I
npOH3BoJ CTBOM.
1. E. M. G LI v e r, Electronic welding of glass, Electronics, 1945, Ns h.
2. E. Al. (; u y e r, Electric welding of glass, Electr. Eng., 1948, No 5.
3. Al. R. S h o w, Electric glass welding, Electr. Eng., 1953, No 1.
4. W. E s p e, 0 elektrickem odporovem svsi eni skla ve vakuove technice,
Slaboproudy obzor, 1955, Ns 2.
5. K. M o r t o n, S. Y o u n g, Welding glass parts, Class Industry, 19.55.
Ns (2.
6. C. H. III o p H H, Tenjtonepeaa~la, I-ocy)iapcTBeHnoe II3 taTe.abcTBO JIHTe-
parypbl no CTpoHTeJibCTBy H apxHTeKType, 1952.
7. aTexiio iormi cTeK ian, n0A pea. KHTa3IropoacKoro, T. 1, I-H3JlernpoM1,.
1939.
8. a BblcoKo'aCTOTHbli HarpeB RH3.'IeI TpIIKOB H nOJIynpOBOAHHKOB", nO.L
pe;i. A. B. HeTyIHHJIa, FD-H, 1950.
9. TeFIJIOTeXHHlia npOH3BOACTBa cTeKJla", TpyAbi Ali YCCP, 1954.
10. 5. JI o H r, (PH3H IecKHe cBORCTBa H BapKa CTeK.IIa, T113aernpoM, 193 .
11. H. 10. T a N u, TeXHOJiorHA HarpeBa CTaJIH, McTaJIJIypFH3AaT, 1950.
12. A. B. H e T y m H Aa, ROKTOPCKaB AlicceprauHH, M314, 1952.
13. H. A. K a n It 0 B, 3.ieKTpOHHKa, FHTTJI, 1953.
COAEPIKAHHE
K. M. IIOJIHBaHOB, HanpB}KeIHe, s.IeKTpo4BH xyLuaH cHJia H pa3HOCTb no-
TeHuHaJIOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
T. A. Taryp, Meroabl pacveTa ycTaHOBHBmerocH pe}KHMa B JIHHeHHOa
3JIeKTpHtleCKOo uenH npH HeCHHycoHAaJlbHOM nepHOAH9ecKOM BXOA-
HOM Hanpa}KeHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
r. B. 3eBeKe, 3KBHBaJIeHTHble CXeMbI aBTOTpaHCOOpMaTOpa . . . . 34
P. H. KapaeB, 06o6uieHHbie KOOpAHHaTbl TOKOB H HanpH}KeHHGI tJIHHHbIX
JIHHHH 3JIeKTpmecKHx CHCTeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
H. A. HOHKHH, 0 pac'-ieTe uene5 C B3aHMHON HHjiyKTHBHOCTbIO H C nHep-
uHOHHbIMH HeJIHHeOHbIMH ajieMeHTaMu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
H. M. BypAaK, A. A. MyXBH, A. B. HeTymHJ-. MoAe?IHpOBaHHe u pacver
9JIeKTpooCMOTH1ecxoro BOAOnoHHDKeHMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
C. B. CTpaxou, YpaBHeHHB nepeXOAHbIX npoueccoB B CTaTHVecKHx 3JIe-
McHTBX CeTH, 07'HeceHHble K BpanialoLuedca CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT . 88
10. M. WaMaeB, H. F. KaTKOB, OCHOBbi pacveTa aHH3OTpOHHbIX CTeHOK
H AHa 9JIeKTpOJIHTIFIeCKOa BaHHbI C yBeJIH4eHHb1MH 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIMII
pa3MepaMH . . . . . . . . . . . 105
C. H. AHApeeB, B. E. Borojuo60B, B. A. AATJIOB, K yoieTy peaabnblx
CBOHCTB MarepHaJioB B MarHiITHOM TCnJIHTeJIe PaMe5 . . . . . . . 118
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
U. 8. 3auueJ(b, r. H. WapoXHH, Pa3JjeJIbnoe u3MepeHIie HegIeTHbIX H
9eTHbIX rapMOHBK He CHHyCOnJjaJlbHbIX KPBBbIX . . . . . . . . 127
B. B. KoreH-.I(aJIHH, CHCTeMbI y,:JIOBHO fOJ10}KHTCJIbHb1X HanpaBJleHHS H
BeKTOpH.,le gHarpaMMb1 9JIeKTpH 1e CKHX MaIIIHH . . . . . . . . . . 133
B. R. )KyXOBHII,KHN, OCO6eHHOCTH reHepaTOpoB A H9JIeKTPHgeCKOrO Ha-
r peBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
A. C. XeHg, AHaJIH3 KOJIbuueBoii cxeMbl B 4acTOTHo-cpa3OBOcr cH,:TeMe Te-
JieynpaBJieHI1H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
B. B. HHgeijKHN, 4HCJICHHbIS pwiei 3JICKTpH IeoKoro n0.4H IjHJIHHAPH4e-
CKHX 3JICKTpOJjOB KOHe4HON AJIHHbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
B. M. OpaaKHH, 3JIeKTpojHHaMH'Ie.KHe npoueccbl B () eppoMal'HHTHOM
TeJie, XapaKTep 13yeMoM npBMoyroJIbHO3 neTJIe3 rHCTepe3H.:a . . 179
B. 4. JIaCT04KHH, HCCJIeAOBaHHe yCJIOBHS B036yH{JjeHHB cy6rapMOHH9e-
CKHX icoJle6aHHia B KoJIe6aTeJIbHOM KOHTy Pe c He.IHHe3HOR HHAyK-
TIIBIIOCTbK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
B. H. KyAHH, AHaJIH3 norpe HHOCTeS H McTOA o6pa60TKH pe3yJlbTaTOB
3KCnepHMeHTa npH H3MepeHHH KOMrlJIeKCHON gH3JIeKTPH,ieCKOA npo-
HHuaeMOCTH C HOMOHjb10 KyMeTpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
B. H. Kynv-'HOB, 3(1(keKT (Dapaaen B napac)HHO-(4eppHTOBbIX CMeCaX
(BJIHHBHe pa3MeJlbaeHHH MaTepHajia Ha BHyTpeHHHe IIOJIH (PeppHTOB) 232
P. H. KyApBsgeBa, BhICTpoae5CTBVIO11jH5 MarHBTHbI5 yCHJIHTeJIb . . . . 243
BJIEKTPOHHKA H HPHBOPbI CBEPXBbICOKHX qACTOT
H. M. TeTeJlb6ayM, H. H. yeJIHOKOB, 11oBbIIIIeHHe TOYHOCTH penleHHH
3a,I1,a4 Ha 3JIeKTpOHHOk MaTeMaTH9eCKOA Ma1HHHe HenpepbiBHOrO Aeli-
CTBHx . . . . . . . . . . 259
10. M. WaMae6, r. 4. JIHCHgbIH, 3. A. McJIbHHKOB, B. M. OB4HHHH-
KOB, B. B. CKyrapeB, A. r. THTOB, Pa3pa6OTKa H flCnblTa-
HHe McTOAHKH aBTOMaTH'eCKoro 06beKTHBHoro KOHTPOJ1fl IHHpHHbI
JIHHH3 Ha 3KpaHe 3JIeKTPOHHO-JIygeB.,IX Tpy50K . . . . . . 267
H. B. JIe6eAea, 0 TOHKOH norjion aionie1 nJIeHKe B BoJIHOBOAe . . . 281
H. B. JIe6eAeB, [IpnmeiteHHe BCnoMOraTenbHOro HMnyimetioro pa3pBAa
AJIB noBblIHeHHH KagecTBa 3a11(HTb1 B CBepXBbICOKo'IaCTOTHbIX pa3-
PHAHHKaX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
H. H. HBaH4HHOB-MapHHCKHN, OCUHJIJIOCKOnH9eCKH[i HHAHKaTOp K BOJI-
Hoaepy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
r. H. WeB4eHKO, C. r. O6yXOB, I1oBblweHne npeJjeJrbHOH 4aCTOTbI H
Ha4e KHOCTH HOHHOFO npeo6pa3OBaTeJIH iaCTOTbI C fOMO1gblO Hacbl-
ulaK)ur,H xCB ipocceae 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
B. A. Co6OJIeB, PacnpeaeJleHHe ToKa no noBepxHOCTH HaKaJieHHOro OK-
CHAHOrO KaTO,ga B HOHeblx npH6opax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
A. A. JIyKHH, YnpaBJlaeMble RC-reHepaTOpbl Ha nOJlynpoBoAH11KOBbIx
TPHOAax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
C. A. JleBHTaH, M. B. XaJIaMei3ep, PeryjIapoBaHHe TeanepaTypbl B npO-
uecce o6pa6oTKH UBeTHO:1 KHHOnJIeHKH . . . . . . . . 330
H. B. JIe6eAeB, 06 OAHO5 OWH6Ke, CBH3aHHoA C 3JIeKTPOAIHiaMHKoIi ABH-
}ICyH(HxCH CHCTeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
B. H. AKCeHOB, 0 npH6ope AJIH j[HHaMHgeCKHX HMnyJIbCHbIX HCnbITaHHH
rlpneMHO-ycHJIHTeJIbHblx AaMn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
B. A. 4HNcOB, 9JIeKTpocBaPKa CTeKJIHHHbIX AeTajei . . . . . . . . . . 357
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r
A H A A E M II H H A Y H C C C P
TPY) M HHCTIITYTA MIIKPOBHOJIOFIIH
CDH3HOnorHfl
H sHOxHMHSl
MHRPOOPI'AHH3MOB
HBJXATEJIbCTBo AKA$EMHH HAYK CCCP
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
STAT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
A K A R E M I4 R H A Y K C C C P
TPYr bI I'IHCTHTYTA MHHPOBHOJIOI'II4
oH3HOJOFHH H BHOxHMHH
MHHPOOPFAHH3MOB
(chop:iuic pa6om)
M311ATEJIbCTBO AKAUEMMM HAYK CCCP
Mocicca-1959
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OTBETCTBEIIHbI17I PEJIAKTOP
axadeMux B. H. IIIAHOIIIHHKOB
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BBE)JEHHE
B nocjiej ine FO,JbI JIOCTHFHYTbl 3HaLIHTe.TIbHb1e yCHCXH B 06JIaCTH TeXHH-
LIeCKOK MHKpo6noJiocH11. LIOMHMO JIaBHO H3BCCTHbIX 6pOJIHJIbHbIX npOH3-
BOJICTB, MHKpOOpraIIH3MbI HaILIJIH HIHPOKOe npnMelieHHe B PH, 10 HOBbIX
OTpacJlel'I HpOMbIHIJIeHHOCTH H ceJIbCKOro X035HfiCTBa. Oin HCHOJIb3yfoTCA ;IJISI
no.Iygeinisi aHTH6HOTnKOB, (JJepMeHTOB, BHTaMHHOB, 6'eJIKO'BO-BHTaMHHHbIX
KOpMOBbIX npenapaTOB (B TOM IIHCJIe H3 JjpeBCCHbIX rIIJIpOJIH3aTOB), CTHMy-
JIBTOPOB pOCTa )KHBOTHbIX H paCTeHFIH H T. a.
BnocnHTe3 CUHpTOB, aueTOHa, OpraHHLIeCKHX KHCJIOT, aueTOHHa, aiiaue-
THJIa, BHTaMHHOB, aHTH6HOTIIKOB H JgPyFHX BelueCTB TeCHO CB513aH CO CJI0>K-
HbIMH XHMHLICCKHMH npeBpalueHIISIMH, BbI3bIBaeMbIMH B cpezle )KH3ile)IC5ITeJIs-
HOCTbIO MHKpOOpraHH3MOB. B CBS13H C BTHM oco60 Ba3KHOe 3HalleHHe
npH06peTaeT yrnly6JleHHoe H3yLIeHne (!113HOJIOFHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpoopra-
HH3MOB JIJISI ynpaBJICHHSl 3THMH npOUCCCaMH. Pa60TbI no uaHHOH npo6JIeIe
H COCTaBJISIIOT OCHOBHOC coaep)KallHe HaCTO51HIero c60pHIIKa. BaMHOCTb
9TOro HanpaBJIeHHSI B MHKp06HOJIOFHH nOTIepKHBaJIaCb HeOJIHOKpaTHO. Y we
I KOH(pepeHUnsl no (JH3HOJIOrHH H 6noXnnHH 6poambHUIX npOUeCCOB, CO-
CTOSIBLHaSICSI 2-5 (peBpanlsi 1939 r., OTMeTHJIa HeO6XOJIHMOCTb BCeCTOpOHHeFO
H3yLICHHLI (pH3HOJIOrHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB.
LLIHpOKOe npHMeHeHHe MHKpOOpraHH3MOB B HOBbIX o6JIaCT5IX HpOMbIII1-
JICHHOCTH 3HagIHTeJIbH0 CTHMyJIHPOBaJIO HayIIHO-IICCJI0)I0BaTeJIbcKyIO pa60Ty,
HOCTOSIHHO BbIJJBHra51 nepe,Z HeF BCC IIOBble H HOBble 3aaagH. HaKOnHJICH
6OJ1bwON (paKTHIIeCKMII MaTepnaJi, Hy}KJIaIoHl-NCSI BO BCCCT'OPOHHe'M O6Cy3K-
JIeHHH. 9T0 npHBeJIO K OpraHH3awHH II KOH(pepeHLHII (24-27 anpeJisi 1957 r.)
110 (JH3HOJIOFHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB, npIMeHSIeMbIX B npOMbIIH-
JIeHHOCTH. LIaCTb MaTepHaJIOB, JIoJio)KeHHbIX Ha 9TO13 KOH(pepeHL(HH, BKJIIOLIe-
Ha B HaCTOSI]IjHII C6OpHHK.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(PH3HOJIOrHSI OBMEHA BEIIjECTB MHKPOOPIAHH3MOB -
OCHOBA PAUHOHAJIbHOR TEXHOJIO('HH HCIIOJIb30BAHHA HX
B IIPOH3BOACTBEHHbIX HPOILECCAX
(MocxoBcKH1I rocyAapcTBeHHbft yHHBepcHTeT)
3Ha4eHHe (JH3HOJIOrHH MHKpoopraHH3MOB B name BpeMH OLIeHb BeJIHKO.
,jeIiCTBHTe.IbHo, aa}Ke B pa60Tax no CHCTeMaTHKe MHKpOOpraHH3MOB
BBHay Hel.IOCTaTOUHOCTH MOpcJoJIOrH4eCKnX aaHHbIX peKOMeHayeTCSI o6pa-
LL[aTbCH K (pH3HOJIOrHH, K(JH3HOJIOPH4eCKOli aKTHBHOCTH> H K J pyr1IM .
H. A. KpaCHJIbHHKOB (1949), HanpiMep, HpHXOJHT K BbIBOay, 'ITO KAaJOIUHx
pa3BHTHe M'HKpoopraHH3MOB, O)KHJjaTb HeJIb3H.
flpoHJIJITOCTpHpyeM 3T0 HOJIO)KCHHe Ha HpHMepe MaCJISIHOKHCJI0ro 6po-
?KeHH5T, B KOTOPOM OTHOHIeHHe Me}KAy O6pa3OBaHHbIMH MaCJI nIol3 H yKCyCHON
KHCJIOTaMH no xouy 6pO KeHHSI BCe BpeMH MeH IeTCA.
B OAHO'M H3 OonbITOB, 'nO HaIIIHM Aa'HHbIiM, 3TO OTHouienHe HpCJICTaBJIeHO
,CJieJlyiolljHM pNAOM BeJIHLIHH:
11acbi 6po>KeHH51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 10
15
20
24
42
OTuomehHe Mac.1RHa5i KHCJIOTa (B MoJRx) . . .
0,33
0,64
0,9
1,5
3,0
yKCyCHaB KHCJIOTa
143 np'HBeJjeHHbIX JjaHHbIX CJIeJjyeT, LITO 3a BpCMSI 6po)KeHHH COOTHOHieHae
MexcAy MaCJIAHOII H yKCyCHOIt KHCJIOTaMH MCHHCTCH 60JIbHIe LIeM B 9 pa3.
flOnyTHO CJIeAYCT yKa3aTb, LITO npaKTHKYeMOe 06bILIHO 11OABeL1 HHe HTO-
rOB OnbITOB nOCJIe 3aBepWeHH51 pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl, T. e. LIepe3 IIJIHTeJIbHbIH
CpOK, OHpaBJlbIBaJIOCb 6bI TOJIbKO B TOM CJIy'Iae, eCJIH eCTb OCHOBaHHB CLIH-
TaTb npoueccbl 06MeHa BeHIeCT'B HeH3MeHHbIMH Ha BCeM nPOTH}KeHHH KyJIb-
TypbI. 3TO, K3K yBHJIHM, He COOTBCTCTBYCT (JaKTaM.
BJINNHHE KOMBHHA1tHH BELIIECTB B CYBCTPATE
HA XAPAKTEP OBMEHA
Bonpocy 0 KoM6HHaLH'H BeIueCTB B cy6CTpaTe cJleayeT yue.nslTb oco6oe
BHHMaHHe.
ST)Ke BBeIt HHe B Cy6CTpaT Mejia AJIq HeI"ITpaJIH3aUHH CpeAbl B CJTyLIae ee
nOAKHCJIeHHII B npoueCCe pa3BHTHST KYJIbTypbl Ile 3cerJJa oCTaeTCA TOJIbKO
HefTpaJIH3auHeI3. Mo3K'HO HPHBBCTH pHL HpuMepOB, KOrjja yrOJIbHaH KHCJIOTa
Calla no ce6e MO}KeT OKa3bIBaTb BJIHSIIIHe Ha XapaKTep o6MeHa BeHjeCTB.
TaK, COBpeMeHHoe yLIeHHe 0 reTepoTpOCJHOH aCCHMHJI5iu,HH yrJIeKHCJIOTbI
B03HHKJIO Ha OCHOBe OTKpbIT'HSi ByJIOM H Bep'KMaHOM (Wood a. Werkman,
1936) 06pa3OBaHHH SIHTaPHOII KHCJIOTbI npH c6pa)KHBaHHH rJIHuepHHa npo-
7THOHOBbIMH 6aKTepHHMH:
C3H,O:, + CO2 + H2> CIH1;04 + H2O.
CJIeJIyIOHjHM npHMepoM MO>KeT CJIy?KHTb oKHC.neHHe 3T'HJIOBOro CIIHpTa B
yKCyCHVIO KHCJIOTy B aHa3pO6HbIX yCJIOBHAX 3a CLICT BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH yr.ne-
KHCJIOTbI Ro McTaHa KvJIbTypOH Methanobact. Omelanskii:
2 CH3CH2OH + CO2- 2 CH3000H + CH4.
HaKOHeu, B OHbITaX He(CJIOBOII (1955) B HaweII TIa6opaTOpHH 6bIJio no-
Ka3aHO, LITO aCCHMHJIfluUSI yrJIepoi a npOHHOHOBOH KHCJIOTbI KYJIbTYPOI3
Chromatlun vinosum B03MO}Klla TOJIbKO npH OAH0.3pCMe'HFHO.M HpHCyTCTBHH
B CpeAe Kap60HaTOB HJIH aPYFHX 3aMeHmon HX HX BeLueCTB, MOFYIIIHX ~C.TIY-
)KHTb aKuenTOpaMH BOJ1Opoua.
3Ha'HTCJIbllOe BJIHAHHe Ha o6MeH Be1ueCTB HMCeT KOM6HHaU1l5i B
Cy6CTpaTe oprallMLIecKHX 'BeHiCCTB pa3JIn9IION ~CTpyKTypbI H CTeneHH HX BOCCTa-
HOBJIeIIHOCTH.
jjo6aBJICHne K Cpe,1C C FJIOK030H yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbI B BHJje COJTH HO-
BbIIIaCT BbTKO,`j aueTOxa Tip" aueTOHO3THJIOBOM 6p0}KedHII Ha BeJIHLIHHy,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
COOT BeTCTByIOHjy10 KOJIHIIeCTBy HOTpe6JIeHH013 YKCYCHON KHCJIOTbI (Bakonyi,
1926). OJIHaKO K03JIOBOA (1940) noxa3ano, 'ITO yKCyCHBfl KHCJIOTa c6paxcH-
BaeTC51 TOJIbKO B cJly4ae FIPHCyTCTBHH B cpeae rJIIOK03bI. I1pH BTOM nOTpe6Jle-
HHe yKCyCHON KH-CJIOTbI HJjeT napaJ JeJIbHO c noTpe6JIeHHeM caxapa, H KOJIH-
4eCTBO aueTOHa COOTBeTCTByeT cyMMe HOTpe6JIeHHOrO caxapa H 11OTpe6JIeHHOI1
yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbl.
C6pa>KHBaHHe r.IHIIepHHa np'H aueTOHO-3THJIOBOM 6poxceHHH npHBO1HT
npaKTFi4eCKH 'IK 06pa3OBaHHIO TOJIbKO CHHpTa (Speakman, 1925). LITo KacaeT-
CH MOJI04HOI3 KHCJIOTbI, TO HPH 3aMeHe rJliluepuHa ee COJI1MH B cpeiie HH pa3-
BHTH5I, HH 6po}ICeHHfl Fie npOHCXOAHT. O,QHaKO, KaK noKa3ajia gpMOJIa (1948),
Hpii KOM611IHaunhi B cpelle rJnluepFlHa c COJI5MH MO.II04HON KHCJIOTbI HapHJ[y CO
CHFIpTOM o6pa3yeTCfl aijeTOH B KOJ]H4eCTBe, nOJIHOCTbIO COOTBeTCTByIOnjeM
KOJIH4eCTBy nOTpe6JIeHi-ION MOJIOLIHOI'! KHCJIOTbI.
3Ha4HTeJIbHbIN HHTepec npe)ICTaBJIHeT TO, 4TO MOJI04MaH KHCJIOTa H 6e'3
rJIHuepuHa, FIO npH Jjo6aBJieHi1H K cpe,ije McTHJIeHOBON CHHH TaK }Ke
KOJIH4eCTBeHHO c6pa?KHBaeTCH B aijeTOH, H KYJIbTypa B 3TOM cJiy4ae pa3-
BHBaeTC2.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, Jj.i i c6pa}KHBaHHH aljeTOHO3THJIOBbIMH 6aKTepHflMH MO-
JIO4HON KHCJIOTbI C O6pa3OBaHHeM CnHpTa B cpeae, no-BHJU4MOMy, aoji>KeH
6bITb aKTFIBHb:N aKi(enTOp BOJjopoJja, KOTOPbIM MOFYT CJIy}KHTb McTHJIeHOBa5t
CHHb HJIH rJIHIIepHH.
Hajiu4He aKTHBHOrO aKljenTopa BOJ1OpOJ1 B cpe ie OKa3bIBaeT 3Ha4HTeJlb-
Hoe BJIHflHHe H Ha c6pa>KHBaHHe yrJIeBOJ wB B MOJIOtHOKHCJIOM 6poN{eHHH.
B Hatuei Jla6opaTOpHH HeoAHOKpaTHO OTMe4aJioci, 4TO Jjo6aBJIeHHe K
cpeJje, B KOTOpON pa3BIIBaeTCfl Lactobact. Delbruckii, McTHJIeHOBOcI CHHH
p.e3KO cHH}KaeT BbIXOJj MOJIOgHON 'KHCJIOTbI, 311a4HTe1IbHO yBeJIH4HBaeT n0-
Tpe6JleHHe caxapa H ycKOpHeT pa3BHTHe 6aKTepHii (Ta6JI.).
BAuyHUe .MemuAeHoeoa CUHU Ha e6pa,xeueaxue y? eeodoe Kyirbmyp0,2
Lactobact. De,'bruckii
S1lMeHHOe CYCJIO
(KOHTPOJIb)
Cycno + McTxne
HOBaH CHHb
KoJIH4e-
M0JI04Hafi
THTpyeMa$l
BpeMB,
gacbl
pH*
nrTre6.
C IXap B MM
CTBO 6aK-
a HII,
KHCJIOTa.
B MM
KHCJIOT-
HOCTb B MI
TpH03
MJIH/MJI
1/10 N
KOH
6
5,9
1,22
4,1
0,55
0,991
12
5,4
2,71
7,5
1,35
1,925
24
4,3
3,07
9,4
2,80
2,973
6
3,9
1,81
6,2
0,25
2,211
12
3,7
2,74
13,3
0,75
3,958
24
3,4
4,73
17,5
1,30
4,203
* HagaJIbHb1ll pH-6,7; KOJIH4CCTPO 6aKTCpMf-0,31 MJIH/MJI; Ha4a4bBaa THTpyIMaB KHC-
JIOTHOCTb B MJI 1/IO N KOH-o,437. MCTKJIeHOBaa CHHb AoOaBnaJlacb K cpcAe giTblpe pa3a
no Mepe ee O6eClkee4HBaHBH.
,apyrHe KOHKpeTHUe npHMepbl 3HalieHHH KOM6HHaUHH BeujeCTB JiJISI pa3-
BHTHfl MHKpOOpraHH3MOB eCTb B pa60Tax HOBHKOBON c corp. (1959) H IIH-
McHOBON (1957) no BbI5CHeHHIO yCJIOBHN o6pa3oBaHHfl 4eTbIpeXyIJlepOaHbIX
COe,UHHeHHN (JIHaueTHJia H aueTOHHa).
I'I3BeCTHO, 4TO A. I-IaCTep yCTaHOBMJI BO3MO}KHOCTb }KH3HH 6e3 B03,ayXa
Ha HPHMepe H3yteHH9 c6pa}KHBaHHfl JIaKTaTa KaJIb11H5I C o6pa3oBaHHeM
MaCJIHHOl1 KHCJIOTbI npH HpOH3BOACTBe MOJIOtHON KHCJIOTbI. OJjHaKO JjaJIbHe i-
HIHe HOHbITKH OCyUjeCTBHTb 3TOT npouecc 4HCTbIMH KyJlbTypaMH HOBTOPHO
TepneJIH Heyjja4H.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BenepHIIK (Beijrink, 1893) cuHTaJI, HTO 3T0 6po}KeHHe OCyruecTBJIxeTCx
6aKTepHCri, Ha3BaHHo6 HM Granulobact. laclobutyricum. Ho 6yuyLrH BbIAeJIe-
Ha B LIHCTOrt KyJlbType, OHa OKa3aJlacb HeenoCo6HOFI C6pa}KHBaTb ,iaKTaT
KaJIbuHn.
B 1929 r. I JaIOIIIHHKOB H 3axapo3 ony6JIHK0BaJIH pe3yJIbTaTbI
CBoerl pa6OTbI no c6pa}KMBaHITIO co ierI MOJIOLIHOf KHCJIOTbl (MaToiIHb1X pac-
TBOPOB OT HpO113BOACTBa MOJIOLIHOf KHCJIOTbI) B npOH3BOJICTBC MaCJI51HO1
KHCJIOTbI. I-IpOBeCTH 3TOT npOueCC npH 10MOI11M LIHCTOI%I KyJ1bTypbl HaM TaK}Ke
He yuaJlOCb, no3TOMy 6b1JIo BbICKa3aHO npeAno.no}KZHne, LITO OH OCyLLICCTBJISI-
eTCH 3a CLieT ae%ITeJIbHOCTH JIByX BHAO'B 6aKTepHri.
BaH-BefHyM H IleTTe (Van-Beynum a. Pette, 1936) on'ncaim 6aKTepHIo
lOA 1183Ba1lneM Clostridium tyrobutyrlcum, KOTOpa51 pa3BHBaeTCM Ha JIaKTaT-
Hori cpeae. OJHaKO KoeH n KoeH-Ba3Hp (Cohen et Cohen-Bazir, 1949) He
6e3 OCHOBaIIFSI BbICKa3bIBa1OT COMHeHHH B npaBnJIbHOCT'H YTBep}KJIeHn51 Ha-
3BaHHbIX aBTOpOB, TaK KaK pa3BHTHe 6aKTepnrr ~Ha JIaKTaTHOiI cl}eie B HX
OnbITaX Ha6JIIoaaJIoCb TOJIbKO B nPHCYTCTBHH 6oJlbUJOFO KOJIHLIeCTBa (3%)
aBTOJIH3aTa np0}K}Keri, IIO3TOMy Tpy,gHO peLunTb, LITO B 3TOM CJIy'Iae 51BJI5leT-
CSI HCTOLIHHKOM FHTaHH51 H 3HepfHH LIJIM pa3B11BaIOIIIHXCH 6aKTCpHrI.
HaKOHeli B 1947 r. 5aT 11 bapxep (Bhat a. Barker, 1947) nOKa3a.IH, TITO
BbIAeJIeHHau HMH H3 HOLIBbI 6aKTepu5I MaCJISIHOKHCJIOTO 6po}Kelinfl, noJ1yLIHB-
Luai Ha3BaHHe Clostr. lactoacetophilum, xopoulo c6paxcnBaeT 'IaKTaT KaJIb-
IIH51 TOJIb'KO npH ,g06aB.,1eHHn K cpe,'g'e 'HeKOTOpo'r0 KOJIHLICCT'Ba co Teri yKCyCHofi
KHCJIOTbI; npH 3T'OM KOJIHLIeCTBO HOTpe6JIeHIIOII MOJIOLIHOLI H o6pa3OBaHHOrI.
MaCJISlHOri KHCJIOT 6o.iee HJIH McHee npOHOpIIIIOHaJIbHO go6aB.,IeHHOf1 K cpeAe
YKCYCHOFI KHCJIOTe.
O CBA3H RPOLtECCOB KOHCTPYKTHBHOrO OBMEHA
C I1POII,ECCAMH BPO)KEHHA
OAHHM 113 CYLIICCTBeHHbIX HeAOCTaTKOB TOJIKOBaHHH o6MeHa BeI11eCTB Y
MHKpOOpraH,H3MOB 51BJISICTCH CTpeMJIe'HHe n03HaTb np0'lleccbI 6poxceHHH BHe
HX OBH3H c ApyrHMH npouecCaMH, COnpOBO}KAaloLuHMH }KH3Heae5IT2JIbHOCTb.
Ecjiii TaKoil McTOJ1 HHOrAa c yCHeXOM npHMCHHeTC51 no OTHOIHeHI4IO K BbIC-
H1HM npeACTaBHTCJISIM }KH3HH, o6JIaawoutHm cnellHaJIH3HPOBaHHbIMH opraHa-
MH, TO no OTHOLHeHH1O K MIlKpOOpraHH3MaM OH MaJIO HpHroaeH, TaK KaK
npHBOJ.IHT K OmHOCTOpe'HHeMy oCB'el1e'H1,1IO 5IBJIeHHf1.
0co6eHHO OTLIeTJIHBO eAHHCTBO npOLIeCCOB o6MeHa Be1ueCTB BbrCTynaeT Ha
rlpHMep'e }KH3Heae5ITeJIbHOCTH CJ)'oToaBTOTpOI(pHbIX nypnyp-HbIX 6aKTepHrl: KoJIH-
LIeCTBO norJIOLuaeMo1i JIyLIHCTOiI 3HeprHH oripeaeJi eT y HHX KaK TeMn pa3-
BHTHH, TaK H HHTeHCHBHOCTb 4)oToaccHMHJISIuMH yriiepoja 'H OKHCJIeHHSI
cepeBO,ROpoua.
EcJTH Mbl npeACTaBHM ce6e pa3BHTHe 0AHOrO H3 npeACTaBIITeJIerl MaCJIA-
HOKHC.noro 6p0)KeHH5I Clostridium Pasteurianum Ha cpeae BHHOrpa,gcxoro,
COAep}KaLuerI, KaK H3BecTHO, B Ka'IeCTBe OpraHHlieCKOro BeLHeCTBa TOJIbKO
rJIIOK03y, TO, OLIeBHCHO, LITO nocneUHHH HBJIHeTCH HC TOJIbKO c6paNCIIBaeMblM
BelueCTBOM, HO TaK}K'e H MaTepHaJloM j1JigI noCTpoe'HHA yrJlepOCHbIX CKeJIeT'OB
Bcex pa3H006pa3HbIX BeII1eCTB Te.na 6aKTepHU. 3TO, K8K JIeI-KO BHCCTb H3
COOTB'eTCT'ByIOLUHX pacLleTOB, CBn3&Ho CO 3Ha1IHT'eJIbHbI'M BOCCTaHOBJICHHeM
rJIK)KO3b1, KOTOp3II B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM o6MeHe Tep51CT OKOJIO HOJIOBHHbI aTO-
MOB KHCJIOpoCa. B ana3po6HbIX YCJIOBHRX OTHSITHe TpeX aTOMOB KHCJIOpOAa
AOJI)KHO nOBCCTH K OKIICJICIIHI0 TpeX MOJIeKYJI TpH03bI AO HHpOBHHOrpaCHO14
KHCJIOTbI.
He UeTaJIH3HpyH 31eCb o6uleri CXeMbI o6MeHa BCLLICCTB HpH pa3BHTHH
MacJISIHOKnCJIbIX 6aKTep11rl, 'MbI BC'e }KC BIIJIHM, LITO accHMHJISIuun yr.,lepoCa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OAHOH MoJIeKyJIbI FJIIOKO3bI ,roJI}K'IIa C0IIpOBO}KAaTbCH o6pa3cBaHHeM Tpex
MOJIeKyJ1 HHpoBHHOrpaJH01l KHC.IOTbl. I-IpHH'HMaeTCH, LITO HOCJICJHSIH B aaJIb-
HeHLHeM Aexap6oKcHJIHpy5Ch, npeBpaluaeTCH B yKCyCHyIO H MypaBbnxy10
KHCJlOTbI (H.IH H2+CO2).
DTa LIaCTb o6MCHa Beu4CCTB Mo}KeT 6bITb npeACTaBJIeHa ciejjyioiueH
CXCMOI :
2 C3HGO, + 3 H2 --C BeujecTB Te,na + 3 H2O
3C,H103+3O-->3CH3000H + 3 H2 -+- 3CO.2.
B 3TOM CJlytlae, Kor;Ia MaCLHTa6 OKHCJIIITe.IbHO-BOGCTaHOBHTeJlblIbIX peaK-
LIHn Bbline HOTpC6HOCTe1 KOHCTpyKTHBHOFO 06MeHa B BOTIOpOJC, He HCKJIIO4e-
Ha BO3MO)KHOCTb npeBpaLlleHnH OAHON HJIH 6oJrbLHero suit a TP1403 3a CLIeT
COnpH}KCHHOFO OKHCJIeHHH-BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH (HO 6e3 JIOHOJIHHTCJIbHOTO OKHC-
JICHHH) B MOJIO4Hy10 KHC.TOTY, AeKap'6 xcHJIHpoBaHne KOTOp'ON npHBc. eT K
06pa30BaHHIO yKCyCI-IOrO aJIb;jerHAa H MypaBb14HOf KHCJIOTbI (HJIH H2+CO2).
llocJICJIHee HMCCT OCC60C 3Ha4CHHe KO BpeMeHH 3aMeJJ1eHHH TCMHa pa3MHO-
)KeI1IIH 6aKTepH1[. Ho 06pa3yIOLuHNCH yKCyCHbII3 aJIbJICrHJI KBK BCLLIeCTB0
CHJIbHO HJOBHTOC JIJIH 6aKTepHF1, A0.7}Keti 6hITb yaaJreH 113 cpeAbI (Neuberg,
1921; TayCOH, 1950). YAaJIelHHe erO B 3T'OM CJIy4ae AOCTHraeTCR KOHAeHCa11Her3
YKCYCHOFi KHCJIOTOId B 13-OKCHMaCJI5iHyfO KHCJIOTY, BOCCTaJIaBJ1HBa}OLLjyIOCH
B RaJIhHefLueM B MaCJIHIIyio:
II) CH3CHO + CH,000H > CH,CHOHCH2000H > + H2>
-> CH,CH2CH2000H.
BHo.IHe o'4eBHJ'HO, 'TO 4CM 6oJlbnie yJleJlbxblll Bee KOHCTpyxTHBHOFO
06M.eHa (1) no cpa.BHe1HHI0 C 3Hepr'eTn4FeCKHM (II), TeM 6oJIblue HaKanJlH-
I3aeTCH B Cy6CTpaTe npOJyKTOB nepBo i (J 3bl o6MeHa yKCyCHOl3 KHCJIOTbI,
H, Ha060poT, LICM MCHbLue HOTpe6JIeHHe BOJOpOJa 'B KOHCTpyKTHBHOoM o6Me-
Ile (Hp'H 3aMeJJreHHH pa3BHTHH), TeM 6oJIbLuHH- yJjeJlbHbll"I Bee HpIlc6peTae'r
o6pa3oBaHHe 6oJlee BOCCTaHOBJIeHHbIX npOJyKTO:B 11 (pa3bl, B aaHH'OM cJry4ae
MaCJIHHOIi KHCJIOTbI.
Pa3BHTne MHKpoopraHII3MOB B LIHCTbIX KYJIbTypaX B TCX yCJIOBHHX, B
KOTOpbIX MbI HX H3y1IaeM, CxeMaTHLieCKH MOiKe_T 6bITb npeUCTaBJICHO KpHBOIi
CKOPOCTCF (pne. 1), JICIKO n0,ILpa3Ae 7HcMOfI ma ABe HOJIOBHHbI: nepBaH xa-
TepH3yCTCB 1OCTeHeHHbIM HapaCTa'HHC'.M CKCIpOCTH O6pa30BaHHH KH,BOH MaC-
CbI It, COOT:BCTCT'BeHHO, nOTpe6JICHHB BOAOpOJa B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM o6Me-
tie; BTOpaH - noeTeneHHbIM CHH}Ke11HCM CKOPOCTH IlapaCTaIIHH }KHBOLI
Maccbl.
HMeHHO 3T0 o6CTOHTeJIbCTBO, B CBHM,'C OTM'e4eHIIbbM paHee I-lenp'epbI'BHbI'M
KaLICCTBCHHbIM H3MCHCHHCM CpCJbI 06HTaHHH MHKIOOpralIH3MOB B 4HCTbIx
KYJlbTypaX H HCHOJIb3OBaHHCM HMH B KOHCTpyKTHBHOM 06MCHC BeLueCTB, 6o-
.nee OKHCJIeHIIbIX, LIeM epe,3HHN COCTaB BeIIJCCTB HX TeJIa, npll,BeJIO IIaC K yCTa-
IIOBJICHHK) npHHUHIIa lByxq)a3l[OCTH o6Me'Ha BelljeCT'B inpH pa3lBHTHH MHKpOOp-
1aHH3MOB.
HPHHQIHr 1Byx(Pa3HOCTH OKa3aJICH HPHJIO}KIIMbIM KO BCCM TIIIIaM 6aKTe-
pHaJbHbix 6p02KeHHl4, MO)KeT 6brTb, 3a HCKJIIO4eHHCM reMO(Je_pMeHTaTHBHOro
MoJIOLIIIOKHCJIOro 6pc}KCHHA, KOTOpOC HMCCT B 3TOM OTIIOLHCHHH HCKOTOpbIC
cneuw(H4ecKHe LICpTbl (LUanIOLIIHHKOIB, 1955).
JTOT IIpHHLIHf OKa3aJJCH TaK}Ke IIpHJIO}KHMbIM K o6MeHy BenjeCTB 60JIb-
IIIHHCTBa aKTHHOMHIUCTOB B npoueccax 06pa30BaFIH551 'HMH aHTI-I6HOTHKOB,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
XOT51 (JH3HOJIOro-6HoxHMHYeCKa5T OCHOBa JByX(pa3HOCTII V HHX HMeeT CBOH
cneuHq)HLIeCKHe LlepTbl.
)~ByX()a3HOCTb npouecCOB o6MeHa BCHjeCTB B KYJlbTypaX MHKpOOpraHH3-
MOB o6ycJIOBJIHBaeTCTT pa3JIHMHbIMH (jaKTOpaMH.
IIpi npoueccax 6po}KeHHII OHa onpe)>,em5IeTCH H3MeHeHHCM BO BpeMeHH
6HOXHMHLIeCKHX nyTell C6pa)KHBaHH51 BeLueCTB, nyTeM nepepacnpeJie.nexxx B
HpO T KTaX 6poxceHHTI peaKUHIi OKHCJIeHHSI H BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI, Haawmem will
OTCyTCTBHeM peaKuHli KOHae_HCauHH H np.
AByX(pa3HOCTb MO}KeT OHpeJeJIHTbCSI H HHbIMH ()aKTOpaMH, CBSI3aHHbI'MH
C H3MeHeHHeM yCJIOBHIi pa3BHTHH OpraHH3Ma BO BTOPYIO 4pa3y. 3TH H3MeHe-
HHTI MOT C03aaBaTbC51 H'CLlepnbiBaHHeM B Cy6CTpaTe TeX HAM HHbIX Beu[eCTB,
I-Ieo6XoJHMbIX JJITI HOpMaJIhHOFO pa3BIITI-ITI. B TOM cnyLIae npH HaCTyHHBIIIeM
BHe3anl-IOM rOJIOJaHI-IH npOHC-
XO HT ne TOJIbK
ocna6 ieHlle
O
JaIjHH CTapbIX Llac'TeH MHUe- 80 2 I /~\
JIHSi (npoI eccbI aBTOJIHTHie- 70 1 I 7
CKOrO XapaKTepa). J,115I MO- eb'0 0 l \\2
JIOJbIX KJIeTOK (Him npopaCTa- 50 t 3
K)IUHX CHOP) C03JaIoTCT HO-
:ZI 40
Bble yCJIOBH5I JJI5I pa3BHTHH, iv
CB513aHHble C nOTIBJIeHHeM B d0 / / \. ~~
cpeAe HPOJIyKTOB aBTOJIH3a 20 /// \ \
OT}KHBLHHX KJIeTOK H H3MeHe- /0 1
HHeM OKHCJIHTeJIbHO-BOCCTa-
IIOBHTeJIbHOrO pe}KHMa. 0 4 3 '2 (5 20 24
B paMKaX 3TOII CTaTbH 5 M8, VCICb/
MbI He HMeeM B03MO)KHOCT14
aeTaJIH3HpOBaTb LIaCTHble BO- PHc. 1. I eTepO(~epMeHTaTHBHOe MOJIO4HOKHCJIOe
npOCbI H HOTOMy nepei LeM K 6po)KeHHe:
HeKOTOpbIM OCHOBHbIM pCKO- I - yKCycHaH KHCnora; 2 - mono9Hai KHC.noTa; 3-6aKK>KeBbie H MHHOJIHaJIbHbie rpH6bl - CLIHTaJIHCb BeCbMa HpOCTO H npHMH-
THBHO opFaHH30BaHHbIMH, Kor to TKaHeBble KJIeTKH BbICWHX OpraHH3MOB C
HX CTPYKTYPH01i CJIO>KHOCTbIO H COBepIIIe-HCTBOM npOTFIBOHOCTaBJIHJIHCb M14-
Kp06HbIM KJIeTKaM. WnpOKoe npH3HaHHe HaXOIIflT npe. CTaBJIeHH5l O TOM, LITO
OAHOKJIeTOLIHb1e opraHH3Mbi, B TOM NHCJIe H MHKpo6bl, Hapfluy c O6HIHMH
LiepTaMH CTpoCHH5 H (JyuKHHOHHpOBaHH1, nplCyiuHMH BCeM KJieTKaM, o611a-
IlaloT H 061UHMH nPH3HaKaMH H CBOIiCTBaMH opraHH3MOB, T. e. B 3TOM OTHO-
H1eHHH OKa3bIBalOTCA aaxce 6oliee CJIO>KHbIMH CHCTeMaMH, LIeM TKaHeBble
KJICTKH.
KaKOBbI >Ke Te o6ulne LlepTbl, KOTOpbJe C6JIHA{aIOT' MHKpOOpraFIH3MbI C
KJIeTKaMH? Bo-nepBblX, OTLIeTJIHBafl AHC3()epeHHHauH1 HX Te.ia Ha uHTonJia3-
McHHYIO H fl iePHYio LIaCTH C npeI4MylueCTBeHHblM, eCJIH He HCKJIIOLIHTeJlbHbIM
o6oco6J1eHHeM ae30KCHpii6OHYKJ1elHOBO9 KHCJIOTbI (LIHK) H ee npoTeHaa
(L1HKf) B flRePHb1X CTpyKTypax. Flo OTHOHIeHHIO K upo>K>KeBblM H MHHe-
JIHaJIbHbIM rpH6aM 3TO MO>KHO CLIHTaTb TBepao yCTaHOBJIeHHbIM. KJIeTKH 3THX
OpraHH3MOB HMCIOT o6o006JieHHbie utpa KapHOCOMHOfO TH'na C OTVeTJIHBOH
AuepHON o6oJioLiKON. MeHee 1CHbIM AO HeaaBHerO Bp2MeHH 6bIJI BOnpoc o6
o oco6JIeHHON flJ1epHOFI CTpyKType y 6aKTepHli. CJIO>KHOCTb BbIHBJICHH5 Ta-
KOII CTPYKTypbl Ha CIHKCHPOBaHHbIX npenapaTax H npl BFITaJlbHbIX oKpaCKax,
BO3MO>KHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHH 1 HpH TaKHX o6pa6OTKaX Pa3JIH1IHbIX apTe?aK-
TOB nPHBeJIH HeKOTOPblX HCCJIe1lOBaTeJIeIi K OTPHHaHH1O peaJlbHOrO CYHICCTBO-
Ba,HHH O6oco6JIe'HHOIi fluepHON CTPYKTypbl Y HCTH'HHbIX 6aKTe,pHif (1'IMIne-
HeuKHli, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1956).
FIpOTHBOnOJIO>KHble npeLICTaBJIeHHA Ha OCHOBaHHH CBOHX HCCJiemOBaHHIi,
nPOBe11 HHb!X Ha CIHKCHpOBaHHbIX npenapaTax H B yCJ1OBHHX HpH>KH3HeHHbIX
Ha6JIlo1eHHN, pa3BHBaeT HeIHKOB (1955). Pa3JIHgHble TOLIKH 3pCHH5I no 3TO-
My BOHPOCY BbICKa3bIBalOT H 3apy6e>KHbie HccJieIIOBaTeJIH. 3a noc.ne.aHee
BpeMH no iy4eHbl 'HOBble jlaHHble, nOjiKpenJinioii e n03H'11HH CTOPOHHHKOB
,3HC(JCpepeHuHauHH 6aKTepHaJ1bHO}I KJICTKH Ha UHTOfJIa3MCHHYK) H SIACpHyIO
4aCTH.
CJlejlyeT npe>Kle BCero OTMeTHTb pe3yJlbTaTbI 3JIe.KTpOHHO'MHKpOCKO11H-
LIeCKFIX HCCJIexOBaHHIi yJlbTpaTOHKHX CPe30B 6aKTepJIi. UpH HauJ1e>Kalueli
o6pa6oTKe npenapaTOB BO BCeX cJiy'Ia1X B ueliTpaJIbHOK LIaCTH 6aKTepHaJlb-
HOH KJIeTKH o6Hapy>KHBaCTC5- >, co,iepxcaula i CnnpaJle-
BHIIHYIO BOJIOKHHCTYIO CTpyKTypy. BHOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT
no pa3MepaM H ( opMe HyKJ1eOHIlaM, BbOIBJI5CMbIM y 6aKTCpHIi Ha CpHKCHpO-
RBHHbJX H OKpalueHHbIX npenapaTax, a TaK>Ke CBeTJIbIM yLIaCTKaM B 6aKTe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
pHaJlbHbIX KJICTKaX, Ha61I10AaeMbIM HpH d)a30BO-KOHTpaCTHOA MHKPOCKOHHH.
CTOJIb }KC OHpeJIeJIeHHO, HO 3HaTIHTeJIbHO npouie O6Hapy}KHBaIOTCH P.Apa
y 6aKTepHH HpH HOMOHIH JIIOMHHCCLICHTHO!I MHKpOCKOHHH. Mefce11b H Kop-
4arHH (1952) 11OKa3aJIH, aTO JIIOMHIICCLCHTHbI6 KpaCHTC.Ib aKpHAHIIOBb114
OpaH)Ke'BbI6 HpHDO, eH JLJIFI UHTOXIIMH4eCKOFO pa3JIH'4CHHH 1ZHK H PHK, a
TaK)Ke HX HPOH3BOAHbIX. B OHpejeJ'IeHHbIX yCJIOBHflX 3TOT (4JIyOpOXpoM HpH-
AaeT COejHIIeHaa I AHK 3CJIeiiyio, a PHK-KpaCHy10 JIIOMHHeC40HUHI0.
PHC. 1. HyKJIeOHAbI B IueTKaX KHLHe uio14 HaJIO4KH. IIpH}KH3-
HeHHOe C4).IyopoXpoMHpoBaHHe aKpIlaHH0BbIM Oj)aIDKeBbIM;
.!II0MHHecueHTHaB MIIKpOCKOHHB.
Kpar (Krieg, 1953a, 6, 1954a, 6) oHHCaJI crioco6 BbIaB.?ICIIHA flaep y pa3JIHT4-
HbIX 6aKTepHH HpH HOMOH.IH (1)JIYOPOXPOMHPOBaHHSI aKpHAHIIOBbIM OpaH}Ke-
BbIM. HO CFO IaHHbIM, HApO HMeeT BHA CHHpaiTCBHAHOii HJIH H30I'HYTO-Y'q IH-
HeHHOII CTpyKTypbl. Ho4TH OJHOBpeMeHHO Iby,ncp (Schuler, 1952, 1954)
OHy6JIHKOBaJI pe3y.,IbTaTbl CBOHX Ha61II0AeHHH; O,H CIIHTaeT, 4TO (P1lyopOXpo-
MHpOBaHHOe SIAPO BHOJIHe COOTBCTCTByeT TOMY, TO BbIHBJIHeTCH Ha (pHKCHpO-
BaHHbIX HperIapaTax H 113beCTHO KaK KHyKJIeoHA>.
C HauaJia 1957 F. Mbl C MHpoJII06oao6 HpOBOAHJIH AeTa?"IbHOe -IIOMHHeC-
IIeHTHO-MHKpOCKOHHLICCKOe HCCJIeAOBaHHe CTpOeHHa 6aKTCpHi1 KHHIeIIHOH
rpynrlbl. IICHOJlb3oBaJIoCb HpeHMylueCTBCHHO HPH)KH3HeHHOC (pJIyOpOXpOMH-
POBaHHe aKpHAHHOBbIM OpaH)KCBbIM. OTeaeCTBeHHbIII 'IIOMHHCCUeHrHbIri
OrnaK-HJIJ!IOMHHaTOp 01'1-17 IIO3BOJIHJI OAIIOBPCMe.HHO H3y4aTb OAHO H TO }Ke
McCTO HpenapaTa KaK B CBeTe JIIOMHHeCUC1ILI14II, TaK H HpH (pa30BOM KOHTpa-
CTe. H3y4eHHe Hp0LICcca HpH)KH3IIeHHO1O ()JIyOpOXpOMHpOBaHHH HOKa3aJIO,
4TO CHa4aJIa u iepHafl CTpyKTypa BbIHBJIaeT'CH KaK paCHOJIO)KCHHafl B LICHT-
pa.nbHOri 4aCTH KJICTKH y,r IuHeHIIaB , 3aHOJIHCHHaH 60Jlee
5! KO JIK)MHHeCLIHpyioLi.erl 3eJIeII0i1 Maccorl. DTa oKpy-
}KeHa L[HTOHJIa3MON, HaI'6o,'Iee 311a4IITe.-rb!1o Bbipa)KeHHO11 Ha HOJIK)CaX KJIeT-
KH (pac. 1 H 2).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
LTpyKTtypuaR L/JU3UOj702UR sUUcpo6Hoal KIIeTKU
flpi HpOAoJlxcalolueMcsi cJJlyopoxpoMHpoBaHHH HpOHCxoUHT CTpyKTypH-
poBamHe coAep KJMoro AAepxoi ,BaxyoJn-, HpHHHmalouzero ~(SopMy cHHpaJIH
HJIH H301'HyTOIi H3JIOLIKII, BeebMa APKO CBCTHLIIHXC51 CBeTJIO-3e.iellblM; xapaKTep
Puc. 2. HyKJIeOHAbl B KJIeTKax KHHIe9HON HaJi09KH (CBCTJIble cTpyxrypbl).
Uu110Bpe IeHHd5I JIK)MHHecueHTHan H Oa30BO-KOHTpaCTHaB MHKpocKOHHSI.
PIIC. 3. U1epHbze CTpyKTypbl B KJIeTKax Bac. anthracoides. HPHDKI13HeHHOe
IPJIyOpOxpOM HpOBaHlie aKp11AHHOBbIM OpaH}KCBbIM; J110MHHecuelITHaH MIIKpO-
CKOIIHH.
cBegeHHA CHCIjH(jH"c l ;1J151 ,JHK-HpoTeHRa (puc. 3). 3'ro cTpyxTypHpoBaHHe,
o6paTHMO If COBMCCTIIMO C COxpaHCHHeM }KH3HecIJoco6HOCTH KJSeTKH. OHO,
04eBHJ[HO, MO}KCT HaCTynarb 11 HC3aBHCHMO OT B03,2eH'CTBHSI CpJIyOpoXpOMa,
HarlpHMep, B FHHepTOHHgecKHX COJIeBbIX pacTBOpax, a TaK}Ke B IIpoIecce
.J eJIeHHH a,Lpa. Je.1IeiiHe o,cymecTBJIHCTCSI HyTeM pacnaaa ueHTpaJIbHOIi CHH-
paJIeBH,'jHOIi CTpyKTVpb1 Iia OTZCJIbI-Ible (OparMOIlTbl. q)7yOpOXp0,MHpOBaIIHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
16 M. H. Meucene
aKpHAHHOBbIM opaH}KeBbIM H03BOJISIeT HapsiAy c HpKO-3eJIeHOH JIIOMHHeCUeH-
uHeH a pa Ha6JIIoJIaTb p030BOe cBeqeHHe H,HTOnJIa3MbI H KpaCHoe - nOJisp-
HbIX TeJleu.
TaKH'M o6pa3OM, HCCJIeAOBaHHe 6aKTepHli cIneuIlajlbllbIMH uHTOJIOrHIIeCKH-
MH MCTOJIaMH BJIeKTHBHOFO BbISIBJIeHHH AJIepHOFO BeLUeCTBa, McTOAaMH (Ja30-
BO- H aHOnTpaJIbHO-K0HTpacTHOI3 MHKPOCKOHIIH, a TaK}Ke 3JIeKTpOHHOK H
JIIOMHHecueHTHOI/ MHKpOCKOnHH uaeT BHOJIHe OaHO3HaLIHble pe3yJlbTaTbl,
yKa3blBalomne Ha peaJlbHO CyII-IeCTBYIOHIYIO aucp(pepellulaullo TeJla KJIeTKH
Ha uHTOnJla3Me'HHbI1 H HJI'epHbIH KO'MHOHeHTbI. Bojiee AeTaJIb'HO 3TOT BOnpOC
6yACT paCCMOTpeH B JlpyFOA Hauled CTaTbe.
BTOpbIM o61uHM aJISI TKaHeBbIX H MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK HpH3HaKOM HBJIBeT-
CSI cTpyKTypHaH reTepOreHHOCTb UHTOnJ1a3MbI, npHypOTIeHHOCTb OCIIOBHbIX
BHepreTH1leCKHX H CIIHTeTHIIeCKHX npouecCOB K ee Cne'uHaJIH3HPOBaHHbIM
MHKpO- H yJIbTpaMHKpOCTPYKTypaM. KJIeTKH JIPWK)Kef H MHUe_JIHa:ibHbix
rpH6OB 06.uaJIaIOT XOpOHIO Bblpa}Ke1HH0H CHCTeMON MHTOXOHApHH, y9acTHe
KOTOpbIX B O'KHCJIHTed]bHO-BOCCTaHO-BHTeJIbHbIX npoueccaX 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO eLue
20 JIeT Ha3aA (MeJCeJIb, 1938). B HaCT051nlee BpeMB H3BeCTHO, TITO B MHTOXOH-
ApH51X JIOKaJIH3oBaHbI I~epMeHTaTHBHble npoueCCbI, npHBOJI51IUHe K O;.BO6O}K-
AeHHIO 3HCprHH H3 yrJlepoACO7epxcaWHX COeAH'HeHHH, K CB5I3bIBaHHIO 3TOI3
BHeprHH B MaKpo3prH H K HepeHOCy BJIeKTpOHOB. CHCTeMa K03H3HMa A TaK}Ke
JiOKaJIH3OBaIIa Ha 3THX CTpyKTypaX. 110 OTHOHICHH1O K UPWK>KaM XapaKTep-
Hax 6HOXHMH4eCKa5T aKTHBHOCTb MHTOXOHAPHH 6blJla nOKa3aHa HoccanleM C
COTpyAHnKaMn, JIHHHeHOM H p1AOM ApyrHX HCCJIeaOBaTe,neH (Nossal, Keech
a. Morton, 1956; Linnane a. Still, 1955) HyTeM H3yBeHHB IIHCTbIX 4JpaKUHB
H30JIIiPOBaHHbIX H3 KJIeTOK MHTOXOHApHH.
HaHIH HccjieAOBaHHSI (MeHCe0b, 1950; Mei'lceJIb, IIoMOIUHHKOBa H L11aB-
JiOBCKHIeI, 1950; MeiceJIb, 11oMOU1HHKOBa H COKOJIOBa, 1957) npH HOMOIUH
H36HpaTeJlbHOro 6JIOKHPOB3HH51 M'HTOXOHJIpHH B )KHBbIX apmK>KeBbIX KJIeTKax
n03BOJIHJIH yTOTIHHTb 4)yHKUHOHaJ1bHOe 3HaIIeHHe 3THX CTpYKTYP.
BeCbMa HPKHM IOKa3aTeJlbCTBOM pOJIH MHTOXOHAPHH B OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX
npoueccax Apo}K}KeBOH KJIeTKH 5IBJI51IOTC5I UHTOHJIa3MaTHIie-CKHe MyTaHTbI
(Ephrussi, Hottinguer et Chimenes, 1949; Slonimski et Ephrussi, 1949)
C HaCJleACTBeHHO-rIOBpe}KAeHHbIM UHTOXPOMHbIM annapaTOM. HN yITOXHMH
Y 6aKTepHH y9aCTKH UHTOnJIa3MbI C (pyHKUHHMH MHTOXOHAp u
LIecmi 6bIJIH BbI5iBJIeHbI Mefice.neM H KoHApaTbeBOH (1945), 3yTM MaJ OM
(Mudd, 1954) H Ap. OAHaKO nOnbITKH l430JIHPC1BaTb 3714 CTpKT bI noCJIe
pa3pyuIe-HH}1 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJIeTOK HeH3MeeHHO npHBOJnIT K O6Hapy}KeHHK)
TOJIbKO McJIKHX Cy6MHKPOCKOnHIIeCKHX rpaHyJI, C KOTOpbIMH CB5I3aHbI JIHHIb
HeKOTOpble (pCpMeHTbI UHKJia Tp'HKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT. Haro nOJlaraTb, LITO
H3BeCTHble B HaCTOB1Uee BpeMSI McTOAb1 pa3pyLueHHB 6aKTepHaJlbHbIX KJIeTOK
He o6ecneL1HBaiOT COXpaHeHNSI MHTOXOHJ pHenoJo6Hb1x CTpyKTyp, OHH, BHAH-
MO, paCnaaaIOTC51 Ha McJIKHe 4)parMeHTbl. Bo3MO}KHO, IITO 3TH ()parMeHTbI B
}KHBON 6aKTepHaJIbIlOH KJICTKe o6pa3yloT CKOnjIeHHSI HJIH pbIXJIO CBB3aHHble
arperaTbI, CKOHue1ITpHpOBaHHble B onpeaeuleHHbIX yLiaCTKaX uHTOnula3Mbl. TaK
HJIH HHage, 110 H y 6aKTepHH no KpaI3H fi Mepe TIaCTb (JepMeHTaTHBHbIX (pylIx-
uH1i, npllypotleunblx B KJICTKaX apo}Kxcell K MHTOXOHAPH5IM, CB1I3aHa, HecoM-
HeHHO, CO CTpyKTypnbIM KOMHOHeHTOM UHTOnJla3Mb1. MbI C IIOMOniHHKOBOI'i nO-
HbITaJIHCb HOAOI'ITH K yT01IHeI1HIO BTOrO BOn.poca npH noMOIUH 6JTOKHpOBaHH5B
MHTOXOHApHH y 6aKTepHH Escherichia colt JIIOMHIIeCUHpyIO1uHM aJIKaJIOHAOM
'6ep6epHHOM, 'ITO o6bIIIHO yaaBaJIOCb OCy1UeCTBJI5ITb Ha Ap0}K>KeBbIX KJIeTKaX.
OKa3aJIOCb, 'ITO H y 6aKTepHH, oC06eHH0 pa3BHBaIOIUHXC5l Ha HHTaTeuubHOII
cpeAO c r.nIOK030H, MO}KHO npH}KH3HCHHO noCJIe (juIyOpOXpOMHPOBaHHB 6ep-
6epHH-CyJIb aTOM O6Hapy}KHTb B IHTOHJIa3Me, HenoCpeACTBeHH0 n0A KJIeTOLI-
HOH 060J10L1KOH, KOpOTKHe naJIOLIKOBHAHb1e CTpyKTypbl, 9HeprHLIHo aacop611-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CrpyKrypxuR (,bu3UORO0UR A1UKpO6HO12 Knerxu
pyioiiwe 3TOT KpaCHTeJIb H JIIOMHHeCIIHpyK)IuIe 3OJIOT'HCTO-3Ke,ITbIM.
baKTCpHaJlbHble KJICTKH C 3a6JIoKHpOBaHHbIM 6ep6epHHOM CTpyKTypaMH (TaK
xKe, KaK H JIpW}K>KeBbI,e KJIeTKH) XapaKTepH3yIOTC5I 3aMCTHbIM UGHH>KCHHeM
OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX HpO'UeCCOB, B TOM qHc.me OKHCJIHTeJIbHOIO (ho0(pOpHJIHpo-
BaHHa.
O6IIIHM JIJI51 BCex KJIeTOK 5iBJIHeTCH H TO, 'ITO TaKO11 Ba)KHC9HIHH CHIITeTH-
4'eCK11It npouecc, KaK CHHTe3 6eJIKa, 0CyIIICCTB,15ieTCSI cnellaajIbJibIMH cy6'MH-
Kp0CKOnH4CCKHMH HyKJTeOnpOTeaJIHbJMH CTpyKTypaMH. B KJIeTKaX }KHBOTHbIX
OpraHH3MOB 3TH CTpyKTypbl o6pa3yIOT CJIO)KHyIO CHCTCMy, TaK Ha3b!BaeAIyK)
9pracTOnJIa3My, cocioaIIIyio 113 HyKJIeonpoTeli,uIbIX rpallyJI-MHKpOCOM 11 CJIOH-
CTbIX I1JIaCTHH HJIH UHCTepH.
H3 J1pwKoKeBbIx K.ICTOK 'B 'CB'OC BpeM51 Bpanme H LLIaHTp.eH (Brachet et
Jeener, 1944; Chantrenne, 1944) Bblge,mHTiH McJIKHC HyKJleonpOTeuJlllbre rpa-
1IyJIbI, n03O6Hb!e MHKpOCOMaM KJIeTOK BbICHIHX OpI'aHH3MOB. bJIOKHpOBaHHe
IIyKJmeOnpoT'CHJIOB Y JIpO}K}KCBbIX H 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJICTOK TpHna'(1J1aBHmOM,
KaK HOKa3aJiH Hama iia6JIK)Ae1IH5I, HPHBOJIHT K pe3KOMy CHH)KeHHIO CIII-ITCTH-
4CCKHX npoueccOB.
FCHJIb (Gale a. Folkes, 1955; Gale, 1957) OTMeTHJI, HT'o o, ria H3 (ppaKUHH
OT'HOCHTCJIbHO KpyrHblX (1JpaFMeHTOB KJIeTOK CTa(f)HJIOKOKKOB, pa3pymeHIIblx
VJIbTpa3ByKOM, oco6enll0 9HepFHUHO BKJ1K)uaeT B CBOH 6ejIKH MeyeHb1C
aMHHOKHCJIOTbI. /JIaJIeHHe H3 3THX (JparMeHTOB HyKJ7euH0BbIx KHCJIOT pe3KO
CIIH}Ka'eT BKJl1o'4'e1IHe B mix aMH'HOKHCJIOT; 3TOT npOUecc MO>KeT 6bITb B 3Ha-
LIHTeJIbHOH CTCHCHH BOCCTaHOBJICH nyTeM Ao6aBJIeHH5I JHK HJIH paclllen.neli-
Hoil PHK.
Ho aailnbiM LLlnnreJlbMaHa (Spiegelman, 1956), HoBoo6pa3oBanne c(1ep-
MCHTOB B npOTOnJIaCTax 6aKTepHH MWKeT npOHCxOJIHTb JIHHIb npH HaJIHUHH
B HHX (HJIH npH IIo6aB.1IeHHII H3BHe) PHK.
CJIeJIOBaTeJIbHO, B 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJIeTKax McXaHH3M CHHTC3a 6eJIKa
B OCHOBHbIX iICpTaX 6JIH3oK K TaKOBOMy KJIeTOK BbICLHHX OpraHH3MOB H CB5I-
3211 C onpeilerleInmoH 'CTpyKTypIIOH opraHH3aUHei UHTOHJIa3MbI.
FeTeporeltlloCTb, CTpyKTyplOCTb MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK, npaypoIle'HHOCTb
6HoxaMH9ecxax HpOUCCCOB, ocO6eHHO .MHOF'OCTyneHTiaTbIX, K onperle.'ieH,HbIM
KJIeTO'IIIbIM (1)y1IKIIH01IaJIb111,IM CTpyKTypaM - BCC 3TO C03,gaeT yCJIOBH51 JIJIH
HCKOTOpOH OTHOCHTej1bHOH CaMOCT'OBTeAbHOCTH 3THX CbyHKUHII. OT,jUlh'Hble
(pyHKHHH MO}KHO B 3Ha'IHTeJIbH0H Mepe genpHMHpOBaTb npH He3HatIHTeJIbHOM
H3Mr1,eIIHH JlpyFHX. PaJI KJIeTO'IHbIX npOUCC'COB Mo)KeT 6bITb yCHJIeH nyTeM
B03ACfCTBHH Ha perVJiHpyloluae McxaHH3MbI. TaK, HaHpHMCp, HapyHleliHH B
IIHTOXpOMHOH caCTeMe, no JIBHHbIM Hamef Jla6opaT0pHH, 3aKOHOMCpHO HpH-
BOJIHT K yCMZC11HIO CHHT'e'3a CTepallo'B. Jpo)K)KeBbIC op-ra'HI13MbI, o6pa'3yIOHIHe
oco6eHHo 6oJ1bmIHe KOJIH'ICCTBa 3prOCTepMHa, o6bhIHO HMCIOT PCAyUHpOBaH-
IIyIO 111ITOXpOMIIyI0 CHCICMV. H3BCCTHO', 'ITO yCHJICIIHOe yrJleBO,uIIoe naTaHHe
MHKpoopraHH3MOB npH CHH}KCIIHOM CHa6)KeHH11 a30THCTbIMH Be1UeCTBaMH
TaKAKe CHOCO6CTByCT HOBbIIneHHOMy o6pa3OBaUHIO >KHpOB H JIHfOHAOB. l aKOC
}KC' 113MelICIiHe o6MCHa, i o iialHHM 'na6.,IIOACHHHM (Fa.7IbUoBa, Mence:lb H
CCJIHBepCTO'Ba, 1954) npoH'cxoJ IIT H B p'03yJIbTaTe BO33CHCT,9Ha lra MIlKpo6-
Hble KJICTKH HOHH3HpyIOLIIHMH H3JIyileHHHMH. HO gaHHbIM CeiiaBepCTOBOH
(1958), B 3THX )Ke yCJIOBHHX Ha6JIK)JIaeTC51 Tax)Ke MatIHTeJibHOC noBbiluenie
6HOCHHTe3a 14H03HTa. MOHH3Hpy1OHIHe H3JIyIIeHHSI npeaCTaBJIaIOT JJJIH HCCJIC-
,IOBaHHSI (IH3HOJIOFHH KJIeTKH Oc06b1H HHTepeC, TaK KaK no'I HX BJIHSIHHCM
HpOHCXOJIHT yrHeTCHHe pa3JIH'IHbIX KJIeTo IHbIX (1)YHKIIHH B pa3HOH CTeneHll,
iITO HPHBOJIHT, HO Kpafiiei Mepe B Ha'IaJIbHOH CTaJIHH, x 6oilee 1 314 McHee
OA'HOCTOpOHHCMy H3BpaM0111f1o KJIeTO'HHOrO McTa6oJIH3Ma. CTpyKTyp,Hax H
dlyHKUHOHaJIbIIaa reTCpOFPHHOCTb KJIeTKH npH 3TOM BbICTynaer oco6eHHo
OT'IeTJIITBO (Meicerrb, 1958). BJIH3KHe pe3yJlbTaTbI MoryT 6iITb nOJlyTIeHbI H
2 TpyAhi Nn-ra MHKpo6xonorHH, Iihlr,. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
HOJj BJIHIIHHeM XHMHLIeCKHX BeI1 eCTB, HMHTHPYIOLUHX AeIICTBHe npOH'HKaloH1eM
pa,aHauHH (TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX paJJHOMHMCTH1Ie'CKHX BeIneCTB). AHTH6HOTHKII,
a HTHMeTa6OJTHTb1 H pa3JIHUHble 4JepMeHTHble HHrH6HTOpbI TaK}Ke Hpexcr e
Bcero B03AefCTByIOT Ha 'OJ1Hy HJIH HeCKOJIbKO COBepIIIeHHO onpeaeaeHHbIX
(~yHKUHH MHKpo6H0fl KJIeTKH.
HecmoTpH 'Ha oq'eBH,I HyIO HeKOTOpyIO 3MaHCH'HHpoBa'HHOCTb OTAeJIbHbIX
CTOpO'H K.IIeTOtI'HOI"I }KH3HeJ1e5ITeJ7bHOCTH, 6H'oxHMHtlecKHe iHpouecebl H OCHOB-
Hble (kYHKLU1H KJI'eTKH 6o.iee HJIH McHee Te:CH'0 Me)KJjy C060H CBH3aHbI H CO-
HpII}KeHbl KaK 'HpH HOpMaJIbHOM, TaK H HaTOJIOrH-I'eCKOM (()yHKIjHOHHpOBaHHH
KJJeTKH. HapynleHHe B OAHO,M H3 3BeHbe'B McTa6oJIH3Ma ReJeT, 'B KO'He'IHOM
cqeTe, K CABHraM BO BCeM o6MeHe BeHjeCTB, qTO HaxoAHT 'CBOe OTpa}K'e,HHe H
B CTpyKTypHOH HepecTpocKe KJICTKH (MefceJib, 1950). Pery.mHpylowa 1
H KOOpjjHFLHpylOlljaH ae5ITeJIbHoCTb KJIeTKH KaK IL'eJIOCTHOfi 'CH:CTeMbI 0006eHHO
OTlieTJIH'BO 'MO}KeT 6bITb 06Hapy}KeHa HpH Ha6JIIOJjeHHH 3a OKHC.IIHTeJIbHO-
B000TaHOBHT'eJIbI-IOfI H aacop6uH0'HHO-Aecop6UHO'HHOFI aKTHBIHOCTbIO MHTOXOHJj-
PIIII, 'HPH)KH3H'eIHHO OKpalll HHbIX 3eJIe'HbLM RHyCOM. DTH HpouecCbl ocymeCTB-
JIIiK)TCH B'O BCeX ;MHTOXOHApHHX KJIeTKH CHHXpoHHO, )xaK B eIjHHoI3, CBH3aHHOc
Me}KJJy co6of3 CHCTeMe.
1. CTpyKTypHO-'(y_IKUHOHaJIbHaH 'reTepor'eH'HO'cTb npHcyuja ue TOJIbKO TKa-
H'eBbI'M KJIeTKaM BbICIIIHX opraHH3'M'OB, I-JO H MHKpo6HbIM KJIeTKaM, B TOM
UHCJIe m 6aKTep,HaJIb'HbI:M.
2. aH(J,CpepeHUHaumi KJIeTOtlHOPO TeJIa Ha UHTOHJIa3My 'H RApo xapaxTep-
Ha H aim HCTH-HHbIX 6aKT'epHI3. Oc?o6,eH'HO OTqeTJIHBO TaKaH AH(p'(pepe'HUHaUHH
BbIIIBJIA'eTCH IIPH BHTaJIbHOM JIIOM-HHeCIjeHTHO-+MHKpOCKOHHLIeCCKOM HCCJIejjO'Ba-
HIIH ((jJiyopoxpoM axpHJLHH opaH}KesbII3).
3. 1-1'PH}KH3'HCH'HOe (IJJIYOPOXpOMHPOBa'HH'e 6ep6eplH-CyJII4aTOM BbIHBJIHeT
y 6aKTepHfi MHTOXOHApH'e'HOJjO6HbLe o6pa3OBaIHHIi, 6JIOKHpoBaH4e KOTOPbIX
3THM aJIKaJIOHJjOM HPHBOAHT TaK}Ke KaK H y jjpO}Kxcefl K CHH)KeHiHIO OKHCJIII-
TeJIbHbIX HpOIZeCCOB H OKHCJIHTeJIbHOTO C()OC(popHJIHpOBaHHA.
4. Bo3AefCTBHe 'pa3JIH'UHbIMH (IJH3HIIeCKHMH H XHiMHUeCKHMH aPeHTa,MH 'Ha
M'HKpoopraHH3MbI, OCo6eIIHO HOHH3HPylOHJHMH H3JIy'eHHIIMH H paAHOMHMeTH-
LIeCKHMH BelIjeCTBaMH, O6Hapy)KHBaeT OTHOCIITeJIbHO 3JIeKTHBHbIH HX 9(f (IJeKT
Ha OTJjeJlbHbie KJIeTOIIHble (JYHKIjHH H 3:BeHbH 06MeHa Beu.eCTB.
5. HeKOTOpasi OTHOCHTCJIbHaH CaMOCTOIITeJIbHOCTb KJIeTOLIHbIX !)yHKUHH
B O'ClIOBe KOTOpOH JIe)KHT PeTepore'HHOCTb CT'pyKTypHOR OpraHH3awlH KJICTKH,
B HOPMaJIbHbTX CCJIOBHHX KoopAH'HHpye'TC1 KJIeTKOII KaK CJjHHOII I4'CJIOCTHON
C~HCTe'MOI3.
Fn.nb1Joe.a 1). A.' McHce.Ib M.H. H CeJIHBepcT0Ba JI.A. I'I3MCHeHHe B cTepH-
HOBO,M o6MeHe ApOxc)KeBbIX OpraHH3MOB HOA BJIHHHHeM peHTreHOBbIX JIy9eN. AoKJI.
Ali CCCP, 1954, T. 98, cTp. 1013.
14 M ui e H e A K H N A. A. CTpoeHHe 6aKTepHN. M3A-BO AH CCCP, 1940.
I'I M m e H e u K H N A. A. 0 $U PROM annapaTe y 6aKTepHN. MHKpo6HoJiorHB, 1945, T. 14,
Bbin. 2, CTp. 65.
14I M III e H e U K H N A. A. 06 apTeq)aKTax, HPIIHHTbIX 3a si. pa y 6aKTepHN. M14Kp0611OmorHH,
1948, T. 17, Bbin. 3.
14 Ni in e H e u K H Si A. A. PeueH3HH, H e m K 0 B M. A. UHTOJIOFHH 6aKTepHN. 1431-BO
AH CCCP, Al., 1955. MnKpo6HoJIorHB, 1956, T. 25, BbIH. 4, cTp. 508.
M e N C e.11 b M. H. H3MeHeHHe xOHApHOCOM ApO)K>KeBblx opraHH3MOB npH AblxaHHH H 6p0-
)KeHHH. AOKJI. AH CCCP, 1938, T. 20, Crp. 481.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CTpyKTypHa. cbu3uonozt.q MuKpo6Bou KJteTKII 19
M e 6 c e A b M. H. PyHKI1HOHaJ1bHa51 MOpc oJ1orHA JtpommeBbiX OpraHH3MOB. H3,a-BO
AH CCCP, M., 1950.
M e 6 C e JI b M. H. HOHH3Hpyioiujie H3JIygeHna H KJIeTOgHbIN McTa60JIH3M. B c6.: cN aiio-
6Ho orHA>. Tp. BCeC. Hay11HO-TexH. KOHC). no npHMeHeHH[O pf J1HOaKTHBHb1X H30TO90B
H H3JIygeHH6 B HapOJjHOfM XO3BHCTBe H HayKe, 4-12 anpeAA 1957 r., H3)1-Bo AH CCCP,
M., 1958.
M e 6 c e A b M. H. H K 0 H A p a T b e B a T. M. XOH,7pH000MHbJ6 annapaT B KAeTKax HH3WHX
paCTHTeJIbHb1X OpraHH3MoB. MHKp06HOA0rHA, 1945, T. 14 Bbin. 4, crp. 244.
Me 6 C e J1 b M. H. 3i K o p g a r H H B. B .JIIOMHHeCneHTIIO-MHKpOCKOnHgecKOe BbIABAeHHe
HyKAeHHOBbIX KHCJIOT H HyKAeonpoTeH4OB. 61oAA. 9KCH. 611oA. H Mea., 1952, T 33,
Bbm. 3, cTp. 49.
At e6CeAb M.H., II0M0n[HHK0Ba H.A. H C 0 K 0 A 0 a a T. C. BAHAHHe 6AoKHpoBa-
HH9 BHyTpHKAeTOgHbIX CTpyKTyp Ha paaHOyCTo6gHBOCTb KAeTOK. .[OKA. AH CCCP,
1957, T. 117, Up. 142.
M e 6 c e A b M.H., I - I O M o lu H H x o B a H.A. H III a B J I O B C K H A 10. M. YrHeTeHHe
.IlbIXaTeJIbHO6 aKTHBHOCTH KJIeTKH npH H36HpaTeJIbHO.M 6AOKHpOBaHaH XOHApHOCOM
Hew K 0 AB M. A. L(A OJIOrMA 6aKTepHSSi. H3)1-Bo AH CCCP, 1955.
C e A H B e p C T O B a JI. A. YBe.nHgeHne CH,HTe3a H HaKOnAeHHA HH03HTa ApO?KM Bb1MH
opraHH3MaMH TIIOJj BAHAHHeM peHTreHOBCKoro o6AygeHH5l. MHKp06HOA0rHA, 1958,
T. XXVII, Bbin. 5, CTp. 577.
B r a c h e t J. et Lee n e r R. Recherches sur des particu'es, cytoplasmi ues de dimen-
sions macromoleculaires riches en acide pentosenucleique. Enzymologia, 1944, v. 11,
p. 196.
C h a t r e n n e H. Recherches sur des particles cytoplasmiques des dimensuions macro-
mo.eculaires riches en acide pentosenucleique. II. Relations avec ferments respira-
toires. Enzymologia, 1944, v. 11, p. 213.
Ephrussi B., Hottinguer H. et Chimenes A. M. Action de I'acrif'avine sur
les levures. I La mutation t(H311ecnoco6Hblx (rpaM +) Kne-
TOK; BYHKfHBHaB JIHHHB - OnbIT l; cHnonf-
HaB - OMIT If.
CJICHIIOCTb HOHYJIHUHII, 3aBHCIIT OT COOTHouJeHHSI McMCJ.Iy CKOpOCTbK) pa3-
MHOM{eIIHA MHKPOOpraHH3MOB (C) H CKOpOCTbIO pa36aBJIeHHA KyJIbTypbI no-
CTynalOLgeI3 B FIeII cpe,goIi (r) :
r= F,
V (14)
r,ge F o603HatjaeT CKOpOCTb n0,2aIIH CpeybI B KYJIbTHBaTOp (B MJI/IIac),
a v - o6-beM )KHxKOCTH B KyJIbTHBaTOpe (B MJI).
KaK CJIe. yeT H3 ypaBHeHHcI (10) H (11), HpH C>r IIHCJICHHOCTb KJIeTOK
6y.aeT nOBbiLuaTbCA, npH CKaTb 6oraTy[O nHTaTeJIbHyIO cpejlV, TO BbIpOC-
LUHC H3 cnop BereTaTHBHble KJICTKH 6bICTpO Pa3MHO}K3iOTCA H o6pa3yi0T
CHJIO1IHb1C KOJIOHITH. CHOp006pa3oBaHH5i HpH 3THX yCJIOBHHX He npOHCXO-
AHT.
I-1TO6bi nOJIytHTb CHOpbi, HeO6XOaHMO BBeCTH B MnKpOKaMepy cpeay, ae-
~HIIHTHyIO no a3oTIIOMy nHTaHH10. 3aMCHy cpeji, ciieayeT fPOH3BOJUHTb lie
CJIHHIKOM paHO H He CJIHIJJKOM n03aHO. \I Cl. saccharobutyricum nocJIe cMe-
HbI Cpeabl 60.?IbUIHHCTBO KJICTOK yTOJILLIaeTCA, nplo6peTaf KJIOCTpHAHaJIbHyIO
4 OpMy; B HHX rlOABJIT OTCH OTJIO}KeHHA rpaHyJIC3bI, pa3.711t1HMble 6e3 IIOKpac-
KH. HO 3pCJIbIX CHOP Ha TaKOII cpeay fOtITII He 06pa3yeTC51. UJI5 3aBepuleilUA
cnopoO6pa3OBaHH2 Heo6X0aHMO 3Ty cpeay B HaaJIC}KaaLee BPeMA 3aMeHHTb
BOAOH. I1pIi 3TOM nOaaBJ1moiuee 60JIbLHHHCTBO KJIOCTpHAHe_B IIpcBpaluaeTCSI
B CrIOpbl, B TO BpeMH KaK yueJIeBLHHe BereTaTHBHble KJIeTKH ap5iXJIeIOT H JIH-
3HpYIOTC51.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O 3aK0Ho.epnoCrnx pocTa U pa36UTUu MuicpoopeaKu3M0o
HpOTHBOnOJIOMKHaA KapTHHa Ha6JuoaaeTc51, xOrJZa B KyJIbTVpy, cOcTOR-
ii y}O n3 CMecH BereTaTHBHbIX KJIeTOK H KJIOCTpHaHeB, CHOBa nOAaeTCA 6o-
raTaA nHTaTeJIbHaA cpeJia. B 3TOM CJly iae BereTaTHBHbie KJIeTKH B0306HOB-
JIHIOT pa3MHo>KeHHe H BCKOpe 3anOJIH4I0T BCe noJle 3peHHA, a KJIOCTpHaHaJIb-
Hbie CJopMbl nor116aloT H JIH3Hpy}OTCA.
'-ITO KaCaeTCA CHOp, o6pa3OBaBI11HXC51 B MHKpOKaMepe, TO riocae HecKoJIb-
KHX AHeia BbIJiepMKFBaHHA (AAA fOJIHOiO C03peBaH11A) OHH MOryT 6bITb CHOBa
npopalueHbi H UHKJI pa3BHTHA rIOBTOpeH.
fOJj06Hble )Ke pe3yJlbTaTbl 6bIJIH HaMH fOJIygIeHbI C KyJIbTypO1I B. ace-
toethylicus (puC. 6).
PHC. 6. BHA KynbTypbi B. acetoethylicus B npoTo4HOH MHKpoKaMepe:
A - Ha 6OraTOR HHTaTCAbII0I3 Cpeae; .0 - HOcne 3aMeHbl ee 6e3a30T11CT0fl cpeAOii?
TaKur11 o6pa3OM, Cy1 b5a MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK OnpeJeJIAeTc J KaK HX HH'IH-
BHJIyaJIbHbIMH OCO6eHHOCTAMH, TaK H YCJIOBHAMH OKpy)Kaloluef CpeJIbi. Pa3-
BHTHe Heo6paTHMO: npeACnopOBbie ClOpMbI JI1160 J OJIMKHb1 npespaTHTbcH B
3peJlble cnopbi, .111160 HorH6HyTb. BepHyTbCA B COCTOHHHe BereTaTHBHOrO pa3-
M-HOMKeHHA OHH He MOryT, a n03TO-My npn o6bl4HblX McTOJjax nOAC4eTa MKHBbIY
KJIeTOK (ROOeBoM Ha arap HJIH CnoCO6OM npejlejlbHblx pa3BBe.ueHHH) oH11 6y-
AyT OHIH601IHO npHHHTbI 3a MepTBble. CKa3aHHOe noATBepMKJ1,aeTCH COOTBeT-
CTBYJO[flHMu OnbITaMu (pac. 7).
B TetIeHne nepBb1X CyTOK pa3BHTHA KyJIbTypbl KOJIHLIeCTBO MKHBbIX (To4-
Hee, Cnoc06Hb1x pa3MHo KaTbCH) KJIeTOK B npe,ieJIax TO1IIOCTH McTOJIa
COBnaJlaeT C o6111HM gzcaaM KJIeTOK. Ha BTOpbie CyTKH, KOria LIaCTb KJIeTOK
IIaLIHHaeT OTMHpaTb, a OCTaJIbIIble npHCTynaJoT K CHOpOC6pa30BaJIHIo, KOJIH4e-
CTBO MKHBbIX KJIeTOK CTaHOBHTCH HaMHOro HHMKe o6iilii 4HCJIeIIHOCTH. B JgaJlb-
IIeMmeM KOJIH ieCTBO MK11BbIX KJIeTOK nOCTeneHHo fOBbInlaeTCH, XOTH FOBOpHTb
0 B03O6HCBJIei mH pa3MHOMKeFIH51 KyJlbTypbI HeT OCHOBaHHK. OtIeBHJIHO,
nOBblliieHHe CBA3aHO C TeM, 4TO HecHoco611ble pa3M11oMKaTbcH KJIOCTp11JjHH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
npeapauza1OTCu B cnOpbl, KOTOPbIC Ha CBexcHX cpemax MoryT npOpaCTaTb H pa3-
MHO}KaTbCH.
Bonpoc O 6HOJIOr'H1IeCKOM 311alieHHH CHOP BbI3bIBaeT pa3HOrJIaCH5I. MHO-
rHe aBTOpbI He COr.7anlaEOTC5I HPH3HBTb HX 3a (JOpMbI, 3aBepulalowHe }KH3-
HCHHbIH IjIKJI 6aKTepHII (Williams, Lamanna H ap., 1952). KaK H3BeCTH0,
BCHKHH }KH3IICHHbIH I[HKJI 3aKaIILIHBaeTC51 ( OpMHpOBaHHeM OCO6bIX penpo-
J.IyKTHBHbIX KJICTOK - nO.AOBbIX HJIH 60CfOJIbIX, KOTOpble CJIyx(aT CB23yIOluHM
3BCHOM MC>Kay JIBYMSI HOKOJICHHSIMH. OT poAHTCJIbCKOrO Opl'aHH3Ma B IIHX
uepexoAHT MHIIHMaJIblloe KOJIHueCTBO, KOMHOHeHTOB (rJIa'BIIbIM o6pa3OM, Hy-
KJICOIIpOTCHaO,B), 603 KOTOpbIX C.IIeay1OnjHH UHKJI pa3BHTHH He cMOr 6bI Ha-
LIaTbCH H II,ITII CBOIIM ?HopMaJlbHbIM nyTC'M. CBOHCTBa, He CBH3aHHble C 3TH-
MH KoMno1IeHTaMH, IIOTOMCTBy He IICpe,7,aI0TCH H nO3TOMy He MOFVT c-u4TaTb-
('51 HfC,TICaCTBeH1lbIMH.
20
Z0 40 b0 [0O /U(/ /ZU 14U
BPBMA , YUCb/
PKc. 7. PoCT Ky.nbTypbl B. saccharobutyricum B )KHJIKOH
KapTocj cJ1bHoH cpe2e:
1 - 06HLa1l H111CJICIIIIOCTb KJIeTOK; 2 - 'lHC,IeHHOCTb Hpe2ICHOOBb,X
H CHOpOBb[X y)OpM; 3 -- lHc.1IeHHOCTb K.7eTOK, C[IOCO611b!X lIaBaTb pOCT
IIpa oipeoe'IeIIHH 110 MCTOJY Hpe01e.111'I1blX pa36aB.11eHHk.
OTBeLIaIOT JIB yKa3aHHbIM Tpe'60BaHHAM 6aKTepHaJIbHbie CHOpbT?
KaK y}KC 6bLIO OTMCLICHO, BO BpeM51 CfOpOO6pa3OBa1IHSI B KJICTKe npo-
1ICXOa5IT CTOJIb CJIO}KHbie nepeCTp01iKH, CBu3aHHbJe C yTpaT014 60JIbLIJCIi LIaCTH
CC COACp}KHMOFO, LITO 0,71110 3T0 aaeT OCiiOBauue C6JIH}KaTb CHopbI c penpo-
aVKTHBHbIMH KJICTKBMH. KpOMe TOPO, He BCe CBOHCTBa, nepeaa1o111HeCH non
BerCTaTHBIIOM pa3Mllo}KCHHn (nyTeo ,te.TeHH51 H FOUKOBaHHH), COXpHHSIIOTCH
1OCJIC Cnopoo6pa30Banu51. flpHBeaCM HeKOTOpble npHMepbl.
KHK H3BCCTHO, aaafTHBHble (pepMCHTbI Bblpa6aTbIBaIOTC5I KJICTKOH He
cpa3y, B CBH3H C LIeM HpH iBblceBC MHKpo6oB 'Ha Cpeay 0 000TBCTCTByIOH1H-
MR N'FACBoj1aMH npoHcXO7,HT 3aacp}KKa pocTa (JIar-(12a3a). UocJIe TOFU KaK
KJICTKa .. r.~ Z .~..o .,...... ~, o?-..moo ., ...., ~.........~1.
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 In
BpeMR
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F r' = ~==
II I I I
l
La=E7-TM Eq
I-I-F-1010
4 Q5
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PHC. 9. CxeMa pocTa H pa3BHTHH 1i3yx
6aKTepHaJlbHbIX KyJlbTyp C HHTeHCHB-
HbIM (A) H ocJIa6JIeHHbIM (B) CIIOpO-
o6pa3oBaHIIeM:
a - nyTH pa3BHTH51 oTaeJlbHblx KJ1eTOK; 6 -
cyMMapxbie JIaHHble AJIH Bcefl xyJlbTypbl. Ile-
PHO1I pa3BHTHA: I - 3M6pHOHaJIbHbIfl; II --
MOJIOIIOCTb; If/ - 3peJIOCTb, IV - CTapOCTb:
I - Bel'eTaTHBHaA pa3MHOxcaloll{a5IC9 KJIeTKa;
2 - npetlcnopoBaB cbopMa: 3 - K.ieTKa C AHCb-
cbepeHuHpoaaHHofl Cnopofl BHyTpH; 4- cno-
60AHaH (3pe,Basl) cnopa; 5- oTMHpalQu~aa
KneTxa.
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BJIHHHHe yCJIOBHIi CpCJ[bI Ha POCT H ( )H3HO.TOrHtIeCKHe npoueccbl (HanpH-
Mep, CF HTe3 aHTH6HOTHKOB) TaK}KC MO?KeT He COBHauaTb.
B CBA3H C 3THM HeJIb3H COFJIacnTbCH C nOnbITKaMH npHypOtIHBa'rb IIOHB-
JICHHC onpei~eJlcHlibIX I4OpM HJIn npHo6peTeHHe KyJlbTypOH OHpcuCJICHHbIX
C1 H3HOJIOrH4CCK"IX CBOHCTB K TCM nJIH HHbIM (pa3aM pOCT1 (Henrici, 1928;
Sherman a. Albus, 1923). Xou pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl aOJI)KCH ytIHTbIBHTbCH
napaJIJIeJIbHO C pOCTOM KaK CHM0CTOHTCJIbHbIH Hpouecc. HmemiO H3 3THX
coo6pax(eHHi-i MbI B cBOe BpeMH (HepycaniuvcKHK, 1951a) BBCJin npeuCTaB-
JIeHHe 0 tIeTblpeX nepHOuax pa3BHT'HH KyJIbTypbl: 1) 3M6pHOHaJIbHbIh, HJI'H
Hpuduoco6HTeJIbHbI11; 2) MOJIO;IOCTb; 3) 3peJIOCTb if 4) CTapoCTb.
Hatia.no nepnoua 3peJiOCTH Ky.nbTypbl Cnopoo6pa3ylOLUHx 6aKTCpH>;i xa-
paKTCPH3yeTCH HOHBJICHHCM nepBb1X HPCuCHOPOBbIX q)OpM, a KOHCIi ero -
1Ctie3HOBeHHeM pa3MHOKKaiOn1HXCH BereTaTHBHbIX KJIeTOK. HaiaJio nepaOua
3peJIOCTI( naaaeT Ha KOHCu J1OrapHCJMH1ieCKOII (pa3bl pOCTa KyJIbTypbI
(pHe. 9,A), a 3aKaHtIEBaeTCB OH BO BpeMH (Ja3bI .
Ha p'aC. 9,E Pa3BHTHC KyJlbTypbI 3ana3JiblBaeT: nepHOu 3peJIOCTH HaCTynaeT
TOJIbKO I40 BpeMH CTaUHOHapHOII 4)a3bI pOCTa H He ycneBaeT 3aBepl1HTbCH 3a
CpoK, nOKa3aHHbIi3 Ha exeMe. POCT ?Ke KyJlbTypbI B o6mix, e.nytiaix HueT B
oJJnuaKO~bIX TeMnax.
pOIjeCCbl pa3BHT'H5I, BeiiyLuae `K nOHBJIeHH10 HOBbIX (JH3HOJIOPHLIeCKHX
CBOIICTB H 0006eHHOCTe1'i, 3ueCb Mbi paeCMaTpHBaTb HC 6yueM. HaHOMHHM
JIHLUb B KatIOCTBe npaMepa, IITO npll HauJle)Kalunx yCJIOBHHX pa3BHTHH (HO
Jia.IeKO He rIPH BCHKHX) B KJIeTKax CI. acetobutylicum nOCTenCIiHO BbIpa6a-
TbIBaeTC1 Onpe,geJleHHal CpepMeHTHaS CHCTeMa, ualoLuaB 6aKTepHBM B03-
MO?KHOCTb O6pa3OBbIBaTb aueTOH H 6yTaHOJI. AJIH CpaKTHLIeCKOrO HpOHBJIe-
Hmi npHo6peTeHHOIi H-MH Cr10C06HOCTH Hy}KHbI cneUH,(J 4eCKHe yCJIGBHH
cpe) bI - aIHble, TIerM B II'CpHO. 4)OpMHpOBaHHH 3TON CHOCO6HOCTH (HepycaJlHM-
CKHII, 1951 6).
BTOpOkI npHMep - (kOPMHPOBaHHe cnoc06HOCTH o6pa3oBblBaTb rIeHHUHJI-
JIHH y Penicillium clarysogenum. Mo iouof MHUeJIHI.1 K 3TOMy Hot;TH He cno-
co6eH. B. npOUCCCe pa3BHTH2 HpH onpeueJleHHbIX yCJIOBHHX Cpeubl yKa3alllioe
CBOIICTBO y rlero 'ipe3BbI1IaHHO yCHJIHBaCTCH. Ho J[JIH CpaKTHtIeCKOro o6pa3o-
BarIHH neHHuHJIJIHHa Hy}KHbI CBOII oco6bie yeJIOBill, B tiaCTHOCTH HeJiOCTaTOK
JIerKO yCBOHeMbIX HCTOtIHHKOB C H N H CJIa6on1eJIOIIHa5i peaKUnH Cpeubl (He-
poHoBa, 1958).
Ha cpeuax, 6JlaronpaBTHbIx JJIH He]IHu11Jn.IHHOO6pa3OBaHHH, rJIy6Hllnblh
MIIueJIHII He pa3BH3aeT KOHHuHCHocueB. Ha upyriix cpcx aX B yCJIOBHHX FJIy-
6nHHOro BblpamMBaHHH npOHCXOUHT o6HJIbHOe KOHHJ(Heo6pa3oBaHHe, HO CHH-
'1e3 neHHuu3IJIHHa Hpn 3TOM nOTITH OTCyTCTByCT.
TaKIIM o6pa3OM, pery.TIHpOBaHHe yCJIOBHI1 CpCJibI CJIY)RIH'r KJIIO'IOM K yn-
paBJIeHH1O pa3BHTHCM MHKpO6HbIX KyJlbTyp. HpH HOCTOHHHbIX yC.IIOBHHX cpe-
ubl pa3BHTHC OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha OAHOH TOtIKe, oCTaIOTCH TOJIbKO pOCT H
BereTaTHBHOC pa3MII0?KCHHC KJIeTOK, KaK 3T0 6bIBaeT npH BPOTOtIHOM Ky.nb-
TIIBnpOBaHHn. HpH HauJ1e}KalueM H3MeHeHHH yCJIOBHII cpeJibl KyJlbTypa Hpo-
XOI.HT CTaJI.HH H nepHOubl CBOerO pa3BH'raa. IZpH 3TOM Ce pa3,BHTHe MOB(HO
]lanpaBHTh JiH6o no ouHOMy, JIH6o rio upyroMy pyCJiy.
1. PaecMOTpeHbl Ba3KHeIHlHe nOKa3aTeJIH pOCTa MHKpo6HbIX KyJIbTyp B
CTauHOHapHbIX 'H npOTOtIHbIX epeuax, npHBeueHbl (iOpMyJlbl JZJIB BbItIHCJIC-
HHH CKOPOCTH p'OCTa, BCJIHtIHHbi 6HOMaCCbI KyJlbTypbl H HpOJIOJI}KHTCJIbHOCTH
rC'Ilepaun11.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
2. AaHbI XapaKTepIICTHKa pa3BHT11H O'T,IeJIbHbIX MHKpo6HbIX oco6eR H ue-
JIbIX HOHyJIHUHH (KyJlbTyp), a TaK1Ke B3aHMOOT'HOIIIeHHC Me}Kgy pOCTOM H
pa3BHTHeM. Ha npiMepe cnOp006pa3OBaHHH y 6aKTep'Hfi nOKa3aHbI CTaJ.tH13-
HOCTb H Heo6paTHMOCTb npouecca pa3BHTHSI.
3. PeryaaHpySi YCJIOBHH Cpeabi, MON{HO ynpaBJISITb pOCTOM H pa3BHT1]CM
MHKpoopraHH3MOB.
14 e p y c a Ji H M C K H H H. A. OHTore'HeTH9ecKoe pa3BHTHe KyJlbTypbi MaCJIHHOKHCJIbIX 60K-
Tep01. MHKpo6Ho.norn5T, 1951a, T. 20, Ns 3, cTp. 205-216.
14 e p y c a a n M c K H H H. U. IIpo6JIeMa oHTorexe3a 6aKTepHH H nyTH K ee pa3pemexHlo.
Tp. 1411-Ta MHKpo6Hoil. AH CCCP, 19516, N2 1, crp. 5-43.
14 e p y c a i H M C K H ii H. A. BblcTynJleH}fe Ha cHMn0311yMe. CJBA foundation: Drug resis-
tance in microorganisms. London, 1957.
I4 e p y c a n H M C K H ii H. 11- H P y K H H a E. A. NccJleuoaaHHe yCJIOBHH cnopoo,6pa3OBa-
HHB y MaCJI5H0KFICJIbIX 6aKTepHH C nO,MOHIbIO KOJIJ1OII,11HHbIX FHJIb3. M11Kpo6Ho.torna,
1956, T. 25, Ns 6, crp. 649-658.
I4 M ui e II e u K H H A. A. CTpoeHHe 6aKTepHH. H3a-Bo AH CCCP, M.- JI., 1940.
K a H y H H H K O B a 3. A. H3MeHeHHe ClU3HOJIOrfHeCKOH aKTHBHOCTII Bact. DelbrOckii.
M IKpo6Ho.aornn, 1948, T. 17, Ns 4, Up. 251-256.
JI bI c e H K o T. 1j. Arpo6HoJtornst. Ce.nbxo3rH3, 1948.
H e p o H o B a H. M. BJIHUHHe XHMHCecKOH CTpyKTypbl yrJIeBOJwOB Ha pa3BHTHe H pOCT MII-
ue.nHa Pen. clirysogenum I4HMH-243. MuKpo6Ho.norna, 1958, T. 27, Bbtn. 6.
II e 111 K 0 B M. A. LjHTOJIOrHH 6aKTepHH. H3,1-Bo AH CCCP, M.- JI., 1955.
H H Ii a e j3 a F. B. HpHCnoco6HTed1bHaa H3MeHL1HBOCTb aueTOHo6yTHJIOBb1x 6aKTepHH B yCJIO-
BHnx HenpepbinHOro pa3MHo>KeHH51. 1433. AH CCCP, cepua 6Ho.I., 1957, Ns 4, crp. 503-
508.
C T p e m 13 11 C K 11 H M. O. K McTO'IHKe npO,joJi}K11Te11bHOro BH3yaJIbHOrO Ha6JIto44eHHa 3a
6aKTepnaJib11od KyJlbTypoH. MHKpo6nonorua, 1958, T. 27, No 2, Up. 250-252. .
ID M a Ji b r a V 3 e n H. H. OnpeaeJlenne OclOBnbix noHiTii 11 McTO,111Ka HccJ1e;joBa,HHe
pocTa. C6. , B}IOMeirH3, M.- A., 1935.
B i s s e t K. The cytology and life-history of bacteria. Edinburgh, 1950.
B r a u n W. Bacterial genetics. London - Philadelphia, 1953.
Halvorson H. Rapid and simultaneous sporulation. The Journ. appl bact., 1957,
v. 20, N 3, p. '105-314.
H e n r i c i A. Morphologic variation and the rate of growth of bacteria. Ch. Thomas,
Illinois, 1928.
G r e 1 e t N. Growth limitation and sporu'ation. The Journ. appl. bast. 1957, v, 20, N 3.
p. 315-324.
Al o n o d J. Recherche-; sur la croissance des cultures bacteriennes, Masson, Paris, 1942.
Nov i c k A. Growth of bacteria. Ann. rev. microb., 1955, v. 9, p. 99--1 10.
P o w e : 1 J. Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of
B. megaterium. Buich., J. 1953, v. 54, p. 210.
Rahn O. Physiology of bacteria. Blakiston. Philadelphia, 1932.
S h c r m a n J. M. a. Al b u s W. R. Physiological youth in bacteria. J. Bact., 1928, v. 8,
p. 127-139.
S I a t o r A. The rate of growth of bacteria. Trans. Chem. Soc., 1916, v. 109, N 1, 2.
V i n t e r V. Prechod vapniku do bunck a pokles proteolyticke aktivity prostredi pii
sporulaci Bac. megaterium. Ceskoslov. Mikrobiologie, 1956, v. 1, N 4, S. 145-150.
VJi n t e r V. Ovlivneni tvorby spor B. megaterium citeinem a cystinem. Ceskoslov.
Mikrobiologie, 1957, v. 2, N 2, S. 80-89.
W i l l i a m s 0., L a m a n n a C., K n a y s i G. Symposium on the biology of bacterial
spores. Bact. rev., 1952, v. 6, N 2.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
T. M. PpeHKeub
u M. K. KapnenKo
COOTHOWEHHE ME)KJLY 9HEPFETH'ECKI4MH 11POIUECCAMH
Y HEKOTOPbIX OBJIHrATHbIX H (DAKYJIbTATHBHbIX AHA3POBOB
BpoweHlle H )ibIXaHHe - 3T0 aBa 'KpaeyrOJIbHbIX KaMHH, Ha KOTOPbIX HO-
KOIITCII CynIecTBOBaHHe Beero }KHBOrO MHpa> (9HreJlbrapRT, 1944). KaK H3-
BeCTHO, MHOI'He MHKPOOpraHH3MbI MOryT YJOBJIeTB0PIITb CBOH 3HepreTH4eCKHe
IIOTpe6HOCTH npH IIOMOIIjH npOneCCOB AbIXaHHH H 6po IIxcH no iiaJi riio abIxaTeJIbHbIX (1)ePMeHTHbIX CHCTeM H HO HX OTHO-
IHeHHlO K napUHaJIbHOMy AaBJIeHHio KHcjiopoAa B03JyXa.
Bce 6HOXHMII4eCKHe HCCJIeJIOBaHHH HPOBOJHJIHCb KapneHKO. HeKOTOpble
pa6OTbI npOBeJeI-IbI B HaLHei JIa6opaTOpHH H IPYFIIMH COTpyJHH:KaMH (He-
11oMHSIjeH, FIaceLIHHK HAP.),
HecMOTp5i Ha TO, tTO 6HOXHMHII 6HOJIorH4eCKOrO OKHCJIeHHI1 H3y4era Ao-
CTaTOLIHO AeTaJIbHO, JO HaCTOIiwL[erO BpeMCHH npIMeHHTCJIbHO K MIIKpOOpraHH3-
MBM FIOHHT1151 AbIXaHHe H 6po}KeHHe pa3HbIMH aBTOpaMH onpeAe.IIIIOTCA Ho-
pa31toMy. TaK, CT&keHCOII (1951) C'IHTaeT, 4TO KHOCTb HX npHCH0C06.IIeTiH5I K
MCHAIOIUHMCA yC JIOBHAM CyLueCTBOBaHHA.
b a p p o H E. OKHCRHTeJ1bHb1e Ilpoueccbl y 6aKTepai. B KH.: KcDH3HOJIOral 6aKIepHH>, H0;1
pea. K. BepKMaHa m Fl. BHJIbCOHa, FIJI, 1954.
e H H C O B a F. BIIJIHB napulajlbHoro THCKV KHCHrO IIOBITpHH Ha 3MIHV B.TaCTHB0CTe6
St lactis i B. casei. MiKpo6ioJl. >KypH. 1954, T. XVI, BbUB. 4, CTp. 64.
K a p n e H K o M. H Me ,g B Ii li c b K a J1 BnJIHB aepauii Ha 6ioJioritiHi BJIaCTHBOCri
,gpi>K,'j7KiB Saccharomyces cereaisiae (paca XII) ripli BIJj110MHOMy MCTOJIi. MiKpo6io.n.
>KypH., 1957, T. XIX, Bbrn. 3, CTp. 30.
K o a 4 H H C b K a 11. BnJIHB 3aJII3a Ha npOHeCH MCTa6OJIi3My Cl. acetobutylicum. MIKpo6ioJI.
>KypH., 1957, T. XIX, Bb1n. 1, crp. 3.
JI H n In H u B. BHpo!uysarHH Ha HO>KHBHHX cepe:OBHHiax nporpirnx KJIiTHH Cl. zvelchii.
Mixpo6io.1. xcypH., 1949, T. XI, Bbin. 2, crp. 72.
M e in K 0 B a H. H C e B e p Ii H C. hlpaKTIHKVM n0 6HOXIHMHIi >KHBOTHbIX. I4311-BO CCOB. Hay-
Ka>>, 1950.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
CooTKoUteKoe tiegio y 3HepeeTUtieCKuMu npoi4eccaMu y aHa3po6o8 45
,M'1 H x a H H .LL SHOJIoru4ecxoe oKHCJienne. M., 1956.
H e n O M H B iu a M. H M e A B H H C b K a A. Bi0J1ori4Hi BJIaCTHBOCTi BHD06HH4HX ipi3KA?Ki3
Saccharomyces cereoisiae (paca XII) npu BIAIIOMHOMy McTOAI. (HOBIAOMJIeHHB 1)
Mixpo6ioJi. xcypH., 1955, T. XVII, Bbin. 3, CTP. 24.
11 a C i q H 1 K A. 3Ha4eHH14 H aHaep06i03y y )KHTTeAiaJIbHOCTi 3MIHeHHx KJIITIIH Cl. butl/ricuni
Mixpo6ioJI. )KypH., 1951, T. XIII, BUR. I. CTp. 23.
C T e ij e H C o ii M. McTa60.nu3M 6aKTepHN. I'1.1I, 1951.
D p e H K e Ji b F. Oc.na6JieHH cpopMH Stept. lactis. MiKpo6ioJi. xcypH., 1948, T. IX, Bbin. 2-3.
p e H K e JI b r. H K a p n e H K 0 M. BHB4eHHB AHxaHHB y o6JtiraTHnx aHaep06iB. MiKpo-
6H0'i. )KypH., 1953, T. XV, B. 2, CTp. 6.
c6 p e II K e.n b F. Buo.norua aua3pobos H aua3po61io3. H3a-Bo AH YCCP, Kiiea. 1956.
3 II r e0 b r a p A T B. 0 B3aHM0oTHOmeHHH 7bIxauna n 6p0 Keh.Ha. Yen. coBp. 6noJi., 1944,
T. 17, .Ns 3, CTp. 237.
P o s t g a t e J.. Presence of Cytochrome in an obligate anaerobe. The Biochem. Journ.
1954, v. 56, N 2, xii-xii.
S 1 o n i m s k i P Action de l'acriflavine sur les levures Mode d'utilisation du glucose
par les mutants K}KCBbie CpeljbI - ap,O}K>KeBafl Bola, FHApOJIH3aT ApO)K-
liieH, B-KOm-me'KC. PaCCMaTPH'BaH B01HpO'C 0 311aiieHHH KOHue'HTpauHH BC-
IH,eCTB CpeAbl Ha 3KH3HeAe'TeJIbHOCTb 6aKTepHH, MbI HpOBeJiH na6JIioAeniia
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
4t3 3. 1'. Pa3yMoecrca.
c Ac. melanogenum. H Ac. suboxydans Ha cpeAax, rAe KOHU HTpauHH cop6HTa
OCTaBaJIaCb OJ.IH013 H T0i1 }Ke (10%) H H3MeH5I,`IaCb KOHueHTpaI1H5i B-KOM-
nJ1eKCa (OT 0,1 Ao 2,50jp no o6-beMy). OnblTbl BeJIHCb ~B YCJIOBHAX nOBepX-
HOCTHOrO KVAbTHBHpOBaHHII B KoJ16ax
C BHCCeHHeM 2% HoCeBHOro MaTepHa-
20(5') / \ JIa. OnpeAeJleHue Maccbl 6aKTepHii
K,aK BHAHO Ha par. 3, B onbITaX
c Ac. melanogenum B nepsb1F1 riepH-
oA I-Iaa60JIce HIITeFICnBHO IlapaCTaeT
/ B-KOMn:ieKca, pa3MIIONieHHe 6oJIbHIe
BCerO 3a~jep}KliBaeTCSI ApH KOHIIeHT-
t
!000 -
paumi 2,5%. 4epe3 24 tiaca, Hao6o-
l poT, ?HMeHIIO 3Ta xoHueHTpauji o6ec-
/ neilHBaeT Ham6oJIbinee HaKOHJIeHHe
l Maccbi 6aKTepHK.
B-KOMnJIexca, 6JlarorpH51THbie AJIA
pa3MH0}KeHH5I B HaLiaJlbHbIH rlepHoA,
H KOHueHTpauHH, o6ecHeLIHBaIOHIHe
B /Z . !6
8/m'MA, vacb/
uaniupnn, n nvnuy nydinrntsnpunannn
Ileo AJIHaKOBbI.
PMe. 2. Pa3MHO}KeHHe Ac. melanogl'- OHbITbI ?c Ac. suboxydans (pHc. 4)
nuns Ha cpe,xax: nOKa3aJIH, LITO KOHUeNTpauH.H 2,5%p
1 - 10% cop6HTa: 2 -- 20% B-KOMnJIexca, TaK }Ke KaK 13 KyJIbType
Ac. melanogenum, 3aMeAJIH T pa3-
MHO>KellHe B nepBblli HepHoJ H CHoCo6CTBye'T HaKOnJIeHHIO 6OJIbHIOIi MaCCbI
6aKTepH41 B KOHue onbiTa. OAHaKo B nepBbl If riepao, JIy' 1HHe VCJIOBHA
T,a6_nHUa 3
Pa3MnwIce,-uIe Acetobacter suboxydans a oicucnexue copuuma
Ha cpeae c 10 It 20% cop6uma
(rny6HHlIblii McTO,z)
KooHLIec7iio 6aKTepHll,
MJIH!MJI
BpeM5I
H ab,IIOJ{eH II0,
'I aCh1
20
50
465
1726
2166
2199
173't
28
247
426
1142
1652
1939
10
15,0
52,1
92,1
7,0
21,0
59,0
109,2
146,,
co3AalOTC5i AJIA Ac. suboxydans fie Ha 0,5, a Ha 1,0% B-KoMnjiexca. IIpn c,u-
nO?CTaBJIeHHH pHc. 3 H 4 BHAHO, LITO XapaKTep KpILBbIX pa3MH04KeHHA HeCKOJIb-
Ko pa3JIHLieH. Ac. suboxydans paHbLlle HepeXOAHT K aKTHBHOMy pa3MHO}Ke14iHIO,
Ho -iepe3 24 tiaca Macca 6aKT'epH1f B 3TO}II KyJlbType McHbrue, tioM y Ac.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0 sna ienuu Kont4enrpatfuu eeu{ecra nurarellbHOa cpedbt
8 12
melanogenum, 'ITO BO3MO}KHO. onpeaeJHIeTCn pa3JIF1 HeM Tpe60BaHHR MHKpO-
opraHH3MOB K OTJjeJIbHbIM KOMHOHeHTaM Cpeabl.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OCO6eHHOCTeI3 MHKpKe npH pH=2,5-3,0. OH1
He pa3BHBa10TCA Ha ICHTOHHOM arape H He pa3}KH}KaIOT }KeJIaTHHy.
I-IacKOJIbKO o:ipe:Ze.;IeHBol3 HBJIHeTCH XapaKTCpHCTH,Ka poAa Acetobacter,
HaCTOJ1bKO IIecoBepmeHHa ewe KJIaccn4 nxaumi ero BHJIOB. HapAAy c BHAaMH, ueTKO oxapaKTepH3oBaHIIbIMIi, OTrpaHH4CHHb1MH OT upyrnx
(Acet. xylinum, Acet. rnelanogenum), MHOrne onuCaHHble pa3HbIMH HCCJ1e)j0-
BaTeJIHMH BHAbI CKOpee Bcero HBJIHK)TCA JIHWb pa3HOBHJjHOCTAMH HJ1n, B03-
MO}KHO, MyTaHTaMH ApyrHX BHA.OB. TaKHMH KCOMHHTeJIbHbIMu> BHJIaMH,
HanpHMep, HBJIHIOTCH Bact. gluconicum (Hermann, 1929), Acet. ketoge-
num (YTKHH, 1937), Bact. schutzenbachii, Bact. curvum, Bact. acetigenum
(Henneberg, 1926).
Hocrieuune TpH BH 1H OnucaHbl KaK npe 1cTaBHTeJIH 6aKTepHH CKOPOFO
cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyca. HpoH3BOJJCTBO CnHpTOBOFO yKCyca HO CKO-
POMY HJIH HCMeuKOMy Cnocc6y CyLueCTByCT 135 JieT. BaKTepuH, nepBoHa-
tIaJIbHO BHecemlble B annapaTbl nepBbIX YKCYCHbIX 3aBoJ oB, HpHCH0006HJIHCb
K CIICUHCpHT1CCKHM yCJ1OB112M 3TOFO HCHPCpbIBHOFO HpOH3BOJ1CTBa m npHo6pe-
JIn XapaKTepHble c3H3H0JIOruLIeCKne oco6eiIHoCTIl, OTJIHiIa1O1UHe HX OT JlpyrHX
YKCyCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepnN. TaKHM o6pa3OM, cpeun poi a Acetobacter B03HHK-
Jia H 060C06HJIaCb rpyHna 6aKT'epHH, cymeCT'ByIoIuaA IB npOH3B0ACTB'CHHbIX
annapaTaX YKCYCIIbIX 3aBoAcB.
BeilepHHK (Beijerinck, 1898) HepBbIN OTMeTH-T OJIHO H3 OCHOBHbIX OTJIH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
uHH 3T01 rpYHHbI -CnOCO6HOCTb paCTH B CHHTeTHL[eCKOH HHTaTeJIbHOH cpeze,
coJlepxcaLueI B KaxieCTBe eJIHHCTBeHHOro OpraHnllecKOrO BeLuecTBa CHHPT
HJIM yKCYCHYIO KHCJIOTy. Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH aBTOP BbILICJIHJi 6aKTepFII CKO-
poro cnoco6a npON3BOBCTBa yxcyca B caMOCTOSITeJIbHb[LI BHJI, Ha3BaB era
Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur).
OJiHaKO B JlaJlbHeALLieM I'CHHC6epr He HpIHHJI 3TOFO BO 13I-I1IMaiIN0 H npH
COCTaBJneHNH CBO'eI npaKTHPCCKOH KJIaCCHtJHKauHH yKCyOHOKHC.ibIX 6aKTepHH
olHcaJI TpH HOBbIX BHJIa - Bact. schutzenbachii, Bact. curvum H Bact.
acetigenum, o6'be,3HHHB Hx B rpynny 6aKTepHH CKOporo cnoco6a npeH3BOa-
CTBa yKCyCa. OTJIH4HA MOpcIOJIOrFiLIeCKHX, KYJIbTypHJlbHbIX H BeCbMa MaJIO
l13yLleHHbIX B TO BpeMSi cJH3HOJIOrHLIeCKHX HPH3HaKOB 3THX BMaOB Jlax{e no
XapaKTepHCTHKaM caMoro FcHHE6epra CTOJIb He3HagIHTeJIbHbI, LITO nOJIb3OBa-
HHC 3THMH KpMT'epH5IMH B pa60Te THO onpej'eJIeHHK) BHJIOB npOH3BO,CTBeH'HbIX
KYJIbTYP BeCbMa 3aTpyAHHTeJIbHO.
B COBpeMeHHO1 KJIaQCH~HKaUHH YKCYCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHH, npeJiJIO)KeH-
HOi q)paT'epoM (Frateur, 1950), 6aKTepHN CKOpOrO cnoco6a He BKJIK)LIeHbI
HM B OJIHY H3 rpynn, TaK KaK, HO MHCHHIO aBTCpa, CBe3IeHHSI o6 NX CpH3HOJI0-
rHH OLIeHb He1IOJIHbI 11 CyLI.IeCTByJOUI,He OIHCaHHH HeJ[OCTaTOLIHbI J1JIB H, eHTH-
4)HKauHN.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, 6aKTepHH CKOpOro cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyCa OKa-
3aJIHCb BpeMeHHO BHe CHCTeMbI 6aKTeprFi poaa Acetobacter.
B TeLieHHe p5[Aa JIeT MbI 3auIIMaJIHCb H3ytleHHeM CJH3HOJIOFHH 6aKTepHIf
3TOi-I rpynnbI. B HaCTORmeF[ CTaTbe coo6ulaIOTCA aaHHbie co6CTBeuHbIX HC-
CJIe1[OBaHHFI H l1a HX OCHOBaHHH BbIC,Ka3bIBalOTCft HeKOTOpbie coo6pa}KeHHA
0 CHCTeMaTMT1eCKOM noJIO)KeHHH 6aKTepHH yKa3aHHOH rpynnbI.
B HalIIeM pacnopH)KeHHH 6biiiu LIITaMMbI Bact. schutzenbachii if Bact.
curvUm, BbIJIe.IeHHble H3 annapaTOB JIeHHHrpaacKoro YKCYCHOFO 3aBOJla n
KYJIbTYpbi Bact. schutzenbachii, n0J[YLIeHHbie H3 HHCTHTYTa MHKpO6HOJIOr1IN
AH CCCP, a TaK>Ke OT Kacl)e3pbl MHKpo6HOJIorHH MFY (B LIaCTHOCTH, 6bi.A
nOJIyLIeH .J1bBOBCKHIi IIITaMM). aim CpaBHMTeJIbHOrO M3yLieHHA MbI npOBO,aH-
JIM Ha6JIIOJI'eHH5I 3a KyJlbTypaMH IPYFHX BH,JOBB, B3HTbIX n3 pa3JIHLIHbIX MHKpO-
6HOJIOrHHeCKHX ygpexKJPeHHi: Acet. melanogenum (JIeHHHr'p. BHTaMH'HHbIN
3aBoJl .N 1), Acet. suboxydans (HH-T MHKpo6HoJl. AH CCCP), Acet.
xylinum (Kaq)eupa MHKp06HO.norHH JIFY) H Acet. aceti (Bcec. HH-T c.-x.
MHKpo6HOJI. BACXHhIJI).
CpejIH 6OJIbluorO LIHCJIa IiTaMMOB 6aKTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a HpOH3BOJ1-
cTBa yKCyCa, BbIJIeJIeH,HbIX Ha?MH H3 annapaTO'B JIeHH'HrpaJICKOIrO y'KCyCH(YrO
3aBOJIa, MbI BCTpeTHJIHCb KaK C 6o iee CXOJIHbIMH c Bact. schutzenbachii, THK
H c Bact. curvurn. OAHaKO pa3JIHL4IIA 3THX mBH,3OB>; HO OnHcaHMAM FeHHe-
6epra, MbI CLIHTaJIH HeCyUIeCTBeHHbIMH (JIOiuIHCKaA, 1949) N IOTOMy B
)IaJlbHeFILHeM OTO6paHHble JIJIA HCCJIeaOBaHHA I-UTaMMbI HMeHOBaJIH Bacterium
schutzenbachii.
(DopMa H pa3Mepbl 6aKTepHH HCCJIeAOBaHHbIX IIIT3MMOB Bact. schutzen-
bachii H Acet. aceti, KBK BbUACJIeHHbIX HaMH, TaK H fOJIyLICHHbIX OT AiYFHX
yglpe)KJIeHHH, CHJIb,HO H3'MeHAIOTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTaBa rHTaTeJIbHOH
Cpeilbl. B COJIO3OBOM cycjle co C1MpTOM OHM KpynHee, LICM B M1IHCpaJIbliOn
CHHTCTHLIeCKOH cpejle CO CHHpTOM, rJle (})OpMa Tex H JlpyrHX npH6JIH)KaeTCA
K wapOB[I3HOH (JIJIHHa 1,2-1,8 11, WHpHHa 0,8-1,0 fit).
IIpH peIIIeHHH BonpOCa 0 no,2BH)KHOCTH H XapaKTepe }KryTHKOBaHHA
y HCCJICayeMbIX 6aKTepHLi OKa3aJIOcb, LITO KJIeTKH Bact. schitzenbachii IIMCJOT
OJIHH f0JI51pHbIF NKryTHK, KaK H HMeIOIIZHICA Y HaC IMTc^.MM 6aKTCpHH Acet.
aceti. Cpe3HAA JIJIHHa )KryTHKa Acet. aceti 11,7 fit; Bact. schutzenbachii
(UJTaMM JIFY)-12,1 i,L; Bact. schutzenbachii (JIbBOBCKHi3 1IITaMM)-11,7 II
(IIa6JlloJIeHH51 Ca4 pouOaOH) (pnc. 1).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
hJCC.neu0Ba;IHbHe HaMH xy.IIbrypbl Bact. schutzenbachii n Acet. aceti BB OT-
.IHgHe OT JipyrIX BH gOB yKCyCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHII (Acet. xylinum, Acet.
inelanegenum H Ac. suboxydans) npeKpacno paCTYT B CHHTeTHHeCKHX cpe-
,Zax Foiepa, beHepxxxa, cpaTepa (BH,Jon3MeneHHOli Foliepa) Co CnnpTOM
HJIT C yKCyCHOI1 KHCJIOTOii B KageCTBe eJwHCTBeHHO'ro Opra,HH4ecKoro coe,gH-
1IeHHB. POCT 6aMepuIi HJIH CFO OTCyTCTBHe B CHHTeTH'TeCKOii epege Fofepa
PHc. 1. Bact. schutzenbachii B CHHTeTH4ecKo % MHHepaJIbHo i cpeAe CO CI1HpTOM
HCIIO.TIb3yIOTCB KaK IIHar'HOCTH9eCKHN nPH3HaK B KJIaCCHq)HKa1 HH yKCyCHO-
KHCJIbIX 6aKTepHIi. OJiHaKO MbI XOTHM no.anepKHyTb, 'ITO J(HarHOCTHtieCKOe
3Ha'eHHe CJ1eJIye'r npHiIaBaTb CH0006HOCTH 6aKTepHti HcnOJIb3oBaTb B 3TOFi
CHHTeTHneCKO11 cpeue B Ka'eCTBe HCTOLIHHKa yrJiepo a CHHPT HJIH yKCycHylo
KHCJIOTY, a He aMMOHHIiHbie COJiH (Bergey, 1948; KpaCHJIbHHKOB, 1950).
AMMOHHFiHb1e COJ!H HCnOJIb3y1OT MHOFHe YKCYCHOKHCJIble 6aKTepHH nPI1
HaJIH'11H B nHTaTeJIbHOIi cpeae CoeuHHeHH1i yrJIepo.aa 60Jiee CJIO>KHbIX, 'ieM
3THJIOBbI1i CHHPT H YKCYCHaf KHCJIOTa, H HeO6XOJjHMbIX HM BHTaMHHOB H
BHTaMHHOn0JLC6HbIX BeuueCTB. HeKOTOpbie 143 HHX Cn0006HbI TaK}Ke HCHOJIb-
30BaTb 3THJTOBbI1i cnHPT KaK HCTO1IHHK yrJlepoua, HO JIHHIb npH Ha.IIH'THH B
cpejie nenTOHa HJIH HeO6XOJiHMbIX HM aMHHOKHCJIOT (.Janke, 1957; Shimwell,
1957).
BaxTepHH cxoporo cio;.o6a - Acet. aceti m Bact. schutzenbachii OTJIH-
BIa1OTC T OT .apyrHX YKCYCHOKHCJIb!X 6aKTepH1i TeM, LITO OHM Moryr HCHOJIb3O-
BaTb B KOHC'IPYKTHBHOM 06MeHe CHHPT HJIH YKCYCHYIO KHCJIOTy B Ka'-IeCTBe
HCTOLIHHKa yr,nepoaa H aMMOHHNHble COJIH - B Ka'IeCTBe HCTOLIHHKa a30Ta.
J1y'IHIHMH COeJ1HHCHH2MH a30Ta aJIB HHX CJIy}KaT, HO aaHHb1M BaCHJIbeBa H
LIIaHIicKcfi (1938), acnapa1HH H q)OC(pOpHOKHCJIbTfI aMMOHHR, a nO IIaIIJHM
Ha6'IK);ICHHBM,- (p OCCpOpHOKHCJIbI13 H CepHOKHCJIbIIi aMMOIIHI'I (.ilOiiuBH-
cKaB, 1955).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
cu3uonozu$ 6akTepuu ckopoeo cnoco6a npou36o(9crea yiccyca 55
Pa3BHBaRcb ma nOBepXHOCTH 6yKOBbIX CTpy}KeK B annapaTaX yKCyCHbIX
aBO,1OB, 3TH 6aKTepHH B yCJIOBHHX HenpepbIBHoro npOH3BOJjCTBa cHa6>Ka-
IOTC5i a3OTOM, Cj)OC4)OpOM H cepoii B q)opMe MHHepaJIbHbIX coileIi, a B Kage-
CTBe HCTOgHHKa yrJiepoj a peryJIHpHO HOJIylialOT TOJIbKO 3THJIOBbIIi CHHPT H
yKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTy. ao6aBJIeHHe O,-IeHb MaJIbIX KOJIHileCTB cycJra, KOTOpoe
HHOPJIa HPOH3BOI,HT Ha yKCyCHbIX 3aBoaaX, o6oraiuaeT rHTaTeJIbHyIO Cpeay
pOCTOBbIMH BCHjeICTBaMH.
Pe3ynbTaTOM npHCr10Co6JIeHHH K 3THM yCJIOBHHM HBJIHeTCH TO, TITO Acet.
aceti H Bact. schiitzenbachii yJIOBJIeTBOpRIOTCH aMMOHHfiHbIM a30TOM, a jIy,I-
UJHMH HCTOLIHHKaMH yriepo,ga aJ151 HHX HBJIHIOTCq 3THJIOBbIIi CIIHpT H yKCyC-
Ilaa KIICJIOTa, I'I3 Hero B03HIIKaIOHjaH. C 3TIIM, n0-BHJIHMOMV, TaK}Ke CBH3aHa
IIOLITH IIO.TIHaH R0Tepa CHOCO6HOCTH IICfOJIb3OBaTb yrJIeBOabl, B TOM TIHCJIe H
rJI1OK0:3y, H MHOrOaTOMHble C:IHpTbI KaK HCTOTIHHKH yr.nepoaa B KOHCTpyKTHB-
HbIX IIpoujeccax. POCT 6aKTepHil RPM HCH0JIb30BaHHH 9THJIOBOrO CHHpTa
JI OHCXOaHT BO MH3rO pa3 HHTeIICHBHee, LIeM RPM HCnOJIb3OBaHHH rJIIOKO3bI
(Iofu lllcKan, 1955).
HaH6oJlee aKTHBHOe pa3MH0}KeHHe 6aKTepHH Ha6JIIOJjaeTCA TOraa, Koraa
B CHHTeTHTIeCKOIi fHTaTeJIbHOIi cpeae cOJjep}KaTcH otleHb He6oJIbHIHe KOJIH-
HCCTBa 3THJI0'BOFO CnHpTa - 0,05-0,1 %. OHTHMaJIbHble JJIH pa3MHO}KeHHH
6aKTepHIi yCJIOBH 1 06eCne1IHBalOTCSI MPH nHTaHHH. HOCJIe
HoceBa 6aKTepHH B MHHepaJlbHyIO Cpeay KOJ16bI HAM npo6HpKH C KyJIbTypOH
noMelualoT B 3KCHKaTOp, Ha aHO KOTOPOrO HaJIHBaIOT HeCKOJIbKO Kaneilb
CnHpTa. HCnapslloWHIic I CHHPT HOCTeneHHO pacTBOpsleTC51 B KyJIbTypaJIbHOH
.}KHJ KOCTH, H 6aKTepH'a nojiylialOT BO3MO}KHOCTb ero HCHOJIb3OBaTb.
EOJIbIIIHe KOJIHgeecTBa CHHpTa H yKCyCHOIi KHCJIOTbI TOPM03IT np?ouecc
pa3,MHO}Ke'HHH 6aKTeplf. HpH 'HHTa-HHH CHHPT pacTBoopHeT-
C5l B }KHJIKOCTH nOCTeneHHO, H o6Hjee KOJIHLIeCTBO erO He npesbluiaeT 0,05-
0,1 %; yKCyCH01i KHCJIOTbI 06pa3yeTCH COO'IlBeTCTBeHHO OLIeHb MaJIO, 1l OHa
TaK}Ke fOCTeneHHO noTpe6JI5leTCSI 6aKTepH9MH. ECJIH npH HaJIFI HH B HHTa-
TeJIbHOIi cpeae 3% CnHpTa ypo}Kali 6aKTepHH B 15 MJI CpeabI COCTaBJI5leT
-Iepe3 ,gBoe CyTOK 1,6 Mr, TO npH nHTa'HHsl Acet. aceti H Bact. schi tzenbachii
XopOHIO HCHOJIb3ylOT TaK}Ke nponHJloBblli CHHPT, yKCyCHyIO H npOHHOHOByIO
KHCJIOTbI. McTHJIOBbI1i H 6yTHJIOBbIIi jCnHpTbl H MypaBbHHaH H MaCJISIHa5l
KHCJIOTbI HMH He yCBaHBaIOTC51.
) pyrHe H3pIaBIHHec.9 HaMH 6aKTepHH-Acet. melanogenum H Acet.
suboxydans - B yCJIOBHSIX Kx eBO1i Boae ceia6rai pOCT Ha6JIJOaaeTCH TaK}Ke 3a CLieT HCnOJIb3OBa'HHR
ckpyKr03bI, apa6HHO3bI H raJlaKT03bI. OTH'OIIIeHHe Acet. aceti m Bact. schiit-
zenbachii K HCKOTOPbIM COefHHeHHHM yrJiepoaa HCnbITbIBaJIOCb HaMH II B C.IIe-
JIyIOHjHX OnbITaX. l5aKTepHH BblpaHjHBaJIHeb B yCJIOBHHX
HTTaHHH B KOJ16aX c 15 MJi CHHTeTHgIeCKON MHHCpaJIb-HOK Cpefjbl. HCTOHIIHKOM
yrJTepOaa 6bIJi BliatIaJlc 3THJIOBbIII CHHPT. I-lepe3 JIBOe CyTOK noCJIe KOHTpOJIb-
1101-0 Onpc,ge,ICHna CVXOrO BeCa 6aKTepnri HULL 6aKTepIaJlbubie niellicH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
,g016aBJISIJIHCb 1 % -Hb1e paCTBOpbI apa6HH03bI, FJIIOKO3bI, raJIaKT03bI, (ppyKTO3bI,
caxap03bl, MaJIhTO3bl, JIaKT03bI, r.nHuepHHa, cop6HTa H MaHHHTa. I pH KOJI6bI
OCTaBaJIHCb KOHTpOJIbHbIMH: OHH nOMeIUaJIHCb B YCJIOBH51
nHTaHHR, T. e. B 3KCHKaTOp, Kyaa BHOBb /ao6aBJIHJIOCb 0,1 MST CrHpTa. L-Iepe3
LIeTBepo C TOK onpeue.nfl.-icsl ypowaH 6aKTepHH (cyxof Bec). B Ta6JIHue r1pH-
BOJI1TCR JUaHHbie OAHOr0 H3 TaKHX OnbITOB.
Yeenuuenue ypoican 6atcmepuu npu ao6aanexuu
K aeyxcylnounou Kynbmype Baet. sehutzen tuchii
neKOnlopblx cpeanuvecKux cceauxeHuu (cyxou eec
6aKmepuu do ao6aaneuust 2,2 me)
Apa6HH03a . . . . . . .
FJIlOK03a . . . . . . . .
ra.laKT03a . . . . . .
cIpyKT03a . . . . . . .
Caxapo3a . . . . . . .
MaJIbTO3a . . . . . . .
JlaxT03a . . . . . . . .
r.niwepnn . . . . . . .
COp6HT . . . . . . . .
KOHTpOJlb: eB033yLHIIOe>>
nHTallue - CfHpT . . .
y'renH4eHHe yroacasl
mr %
0"-'0
0,50
0,50
0,60
0,60
0,30
0,30
1,10
0,80
22,7
22,7
22,7
27,2
27,2
43,6
13,6
50,0
36,3
1,13 gaH'HhIX Ta6JIH'LIbI cJIeJ[yeT, LITO npa ao-6aBJIeHHH yFJIeBOJIO'B H MH'Or0-
a'rOMHbiX CHHpTOB K KyJIbType Bact. schutzenbachii, HeCMOTpR Ha xajiagae
HeKOTOpbIX OCTaTOLIHbIX KOJIHLPeCTB YKCYC'HOH KHCJIOTbI, pa3MHOMKeHH?e 6aKTe-
pHH npOHCXOJIIIT OLIeub BRJIO, Macca HX yBeitHLIHBaeTCH B CpejHeM Ha 20--
30%, a ripH JIo6aBJIeHHH OfTHMaJIbHbIX KOJIHLIeCTB 3THJIOBOFO CHHpTa -
Ha 170%.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, Ha OCHOBaHHH HaLnHX HccjieHOBaHHH MOMKHO caeJraTb
BbIBO,j 0 TOM, LITO ,JIyLIHIHMH HCTOLIHHKaMH yrJiepo. a ASR Bact. schutzenbachii
RBJI511OTCH BTHJIOBbIH CHHpT, yKCyCHaiI KHCJIOTa, npOnHJIOBbIH CHHpT, nponHO-
HOBaR H MOJIOLIHa5i KHCJIOTbI, oco6eHHO HaTpHeBaR COJIb noCJIe 1HCii (JIOH1I9H-
cxax H Tpoulai-io3, 1906). Bact. schutzenbachii MOMKCT 6b1Tb OTHeCeH K rpyn-
ne JlaKTO(pHJIbHbIX 6aKTepHH, no BpayH H PaIH6ay (Brown a. Rainbow,
1952), KyJ1a 9TH HccJIeJ.1,OBaTeJIH OTHOCHT H Acet. aceti.
B KoHcTpyKTHBHbIX npoueccax 6aKTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a npOH3BOJICT'Ba
yKcyca npuHHMaeT yLIacTHe TaKMKe yrJlepoJl. yrJIeKHCJIOTbI, LITO HaMH yCTa-
HOBJieHO B OnbITaX c MCLIeHbIMH aTOMaMH. Ha16o.nee aKTHBHO (~HKCaIIHR
VrJIeKIICJIOTbl npOHCXO,IIIT B HCpFI0,7 aKTHBHOrO pa3MHOMKeHI1H 6aKTepHH B
CHHTeTHL1ecKOI4 MHHepa.7bHOH cpeue CO CHHPTOM (JIOIIHIHCKaH, 1958).
B pe3y.llbTaTe AJIHTeJIbHOFO CyuIeCTBOBaHHR B npolI3BOaCTBeHHbIX yCJIO-
BHRX, o6eaHeHHbIX pOCTOBbIMH BeLUCCTBaMH, npOH30WeJI oT6op 6aKTepHH,
cnoco61-1bIX CaMOCTORTeJIbHO CHHTe3HpOBaTb BCe He06Xo]IHMble HM pOCTOBbie
BeLUeCTBa H KOMnOHeHTbI (pepMeHTHbIX CHCTeM. TaKHM o6pa3OM, B03HHKJIa
ayKCoaBTOTpo(lHR 6aKTepHH CKOporO Cnoco6a npoH3BOACTBa yKCyCa.
Ha 3aBOAaX CnHpTOBOrO yKCyCa npOH30WeJI OT6op 6aKTepHH, Hau6oJiee
aKTHBHO OKHCJIIIOIIIHX CHHpT, B pe3yJIbTaTe KOTOpOFO COBpeMel-lHble 6aKTe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
ca3UOJLOeuft 6atcrepua cxopoeo cnOcO6a npouseodcrea ytccyca 57
pHH CKOpOI-O Cnoco6a nPOH3BOACTBa yKCyca 5IBJI5IIOTC5I BecbMa aKTHBHbIMH
KHCJIOT006pa3OBaTeJiRmH. B HPOH3BO4CTBeHHbIX YCJIOBH51X OHH JTa1oT JIO
14% yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbI.
OKHCJreHHe CHHpTa YKCyCHOKHCJIbIMH 6aKTepHHMH MO}KeT paCCMaTpH-
BaTbCH Kax j3VXOa3JIbIfi nPOI1;ecC: nepBag (Ja3a - OKHCJIeJIHe CTIHPTa B yK-
CyCliylo KHCJIOTy H BTOpHH (Ja3a - OKHCJIeHHe yXcyCHON KHCJIOTbI 10 Vr:ie-
KHCJIOTbI H BO2bI (Haehn, 1956)
.
Bce YxcVCHOKHCJIble 6LKTepHrl B
TOH HJIH HHON cTeneHH Cn0006-
HbI OCyiHeCTBJIRTb nenByio ()a3y,
HO JjaJIeKO He BCe MOryT OCy-
IueCTB,ISITb BTCDy}O (nepeOKHC-
AeHHe). Cnoco611OCTb K Ocyu ecr-
BJIeHHIO BTOpON (pa3bI HCHOJIb3y-
CTC9 B CHCTeMaTHKe YKCyCHOKHC-
JIbIX 6aKTepHN KaK O'jHH H3 Cy-
HjecTBeHHbIX KpHTepHeB ,ijJI51 pa3-
jjeJICHH51 BHJOB pOJ(a Acetobacter
(BepJTx{H, (PpaTep).
BaxTepHH CKo,poro crioco6a
HPOH3BOJjCTBa yxcyca OKHCJIIIIOT
yKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTV, TOrJja KaK
Acet. melanogenum H Acet.
suboxydans, OKHccISIIomHe, XOTSI
H OgeHb BHJIO, C:7HpT, He Cnoco6-
HbI K nepeoKHCJIeHHio. Ha pHc. 2
npeJjCTaBJIeHO HaKO:riJIeHHe yK-
CyCHOF[ KHCJIOTbl HpH OKHCJIeHHH
CHHpTa B aPoxcmeBOf BO.Ke pa3-
HbIMH BH;jaMH YKCVCHOKIICJIbIX
6aKTepHN. Torja Kax 6aTTe mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 /0 /r
BpenfA, cymtru
CKOpOrO Cn0006a npOH3BO jCf, PNC. 2. OKHCJIeHHe 3THJIOBOrO CNNpTa N yKcVc-
yxcyca noTpe6jigIOT o6pa3C)Baiia xoli KNCJIOTbI 6aKTepNSIMH PO ja f~CetObaCtCi:
Hy1O HMH VKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTy, J - Bact. aceti; 2-B. schiitzenbachii
(JII
Acet. melanogenum m Acet. sub 3 - B. schutzenbachii (~Tl 4 - Acetobact
ct.
OxydanS ee HP_ rICnOJIb3VIOT metanogenum: 5-A. sub oxydans.
.
BaKTepHH CKOporo CHOCO6a HPOH3B04crBa yxcyca oTJIHHaFOTCH OT Jjpy-
rHX YKCVCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHN BbICOKON BbIHOCJIHBOCTbIO K KHCJIOTHOCTH
OKpy}Karo[1j('i CpeJjbl. DTO C'BONCTBO eCTb pe3yJIbTaT np1CfOco6JIeHH$I K
TeM yCJIOBHSIM, KOTOphie C,03JjafOTCH B armapaTax YKCYCHbIX 3aBO,r oB, rte
9TH 6aKTepHN - aKTHBHb1e KHCJIOToo6pa3o'&aTejIH -'HaKanJIHBaIOT 3HauH-
TeJIbHble KOJIH'TeCTBa yKCycHOfi KHCJIOTbI. JIOJiHHcKa, H Bo4aposa (1956)
CHe11HaJrbHO HCCJIeJoBaJIH BOHp'OC 0 BJIH5IHNH pH nHTaTe.IbHOI CpeJjbl Ha
pa3MHO}KaIOTCfi npH 3HaileHHH pH, paBHOM 2,5 H 7,9. HIiTepeCeH TOT
HeHo, TTTO ,'j7SI pa3BHTNH I3 MHHepajIbHON CHHTeTHYeCKON cpe) e, co,gep}Ka-
weN 3% CHHpTa, OHTH:MaJIbHbre YCJIOBHB C03)jaIOTC5I H,pH HCXOJHOM
3HaHeHHH pH, paBHOM 4,5-5,2. 3HaHINTeJIbHO Me,IJIeHHee 6aKTepHn
pa3MH0}KIOTCH npH 3HageHHH pH, paBHOM 2,5 H 7,9. I4HTepeceH TOT
q).-XT, 1TO B yCiTOBHHX, 3aTpygHHTeJIbHbIX jiIH pa3MHcNKeHHft 6aKTepHN,
KaJ B o reHb KHCJIO:M paiOHe pH, TaK H B HjeJIOTIHOM Ha6JIIo,jaeTCH HaH6o-
Jiee BbICOKaH OKHCJIHTeJIbHaH aKTHBrIOCTb 6aKTepHN, MaKCHMaJIbHOe KOJIHLIe-
CTBO yKCyCHON KHCHOTbl, o6pa30BaI-IHON B 9THX OnbITaX OJ HHM MHJLJIHOHOM
'aKTepHil npH pH, paBHOM 2,5, COCTaBJIHe.T 310 Mr B 100 Mil cpeJlbr; HpH pH,
paBHoM 4,2 - 88 Mr, a HpH pl-I paBHO:M 6,9 - 380 Mr. 3TO MO7KCT OTHaCTH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
06'b5CHHTb Ty BbICOKyIO OKHCJIHTeaIbHyIO J e 1Te.TIbHOCTb 6aVTepHH, KOTOpaH
Ha6JIK)AaeT051 B aOn 14 p npoHCXO IHTHb A
nO BHAHMOMYA KpanHe MciiieIIHOa BCeA3
o~lellb 3aTpyAHel P
CTBHe BbICOKHX KOHII,CHTpaUHH yKCyCHOH KIICJIOTbI H CnIIpTa.
Bbllne MbI yKa3bIBaJIH, 4ITO 6aKTepnH cKopOrO cnoco6a, note:iHBHIHCb B
annapaTaX yKCyCHbIX 3aBOJI,OB, noTepHIJIH CHO006HOCTb HCHOJIb3OBaTb yrJ1e-
BOAbI H MHOroaTOMHble CnHpTbl B KaHCCTBe JL CBeHHO 1AOCTbFO TKU OKnaeHnlo
poAa B KOHCTpyKTIIBH0M o6MeHe. McKAY TeM,
3THX BeIIIeCTB OHH coxpaHHJIH. 1Zp1 HaJIHLIHII B rHTaeJIbHOH CpeAe J OCTyn-
HOPO JIJIR HGnOJIb30'BaH1IH B KOHCTpyKTHBHOOM o6McHe coeAHHC,HHO yrJTepHI3Aa aK-
9THJIOBOrO CnnpTa, yKCyCHOH HJIH MOJIOTIHOLI KHCJIOT (0,1-0,01 %) -
THBHO OKHCJISIIOT rJ1I0KO3y B rJIIOKOHOBYiO KHa TBY. MbI B I , 410 B OHHH.
JIeHHH rJIK)KO3bI B rJ11OKOHOBYiO KHCJIOTY y Y (~0pHble
11pH OKHCeHH1I FJ1IOKO3b1 OTMbITbIMH KJIeTKaMA Bact. schatzenbachil Ao6aB-
0eHHe K (lH3noJlor1UecKOMy paCTBOPV (POC(pOpHOKHCJIbIX Coe i yBeJIH4HBaeT
KOJIHUeCTBO 06pa3y!OUICI3: A rJIIOKOHOBOH KHC.OTbI 60.nee 4CM B 10 pa3 (,J10H-
u51HCKa51 H UleJIKyHOlBa, 1956).
FJIIOKOHORaH KHCJIOTa OKHCJIHCTCSI Bact? schatzenbachii B KeTOr?H
ByIO. DTO yx{e coo6HlaJIOCb B pa6oTe Pa3yMOBCKOH H BacHJlbeBOH (1956) H
nOATBep K eHO HaMH B OnbITax CO BeMH n3y4iaBHInMHCS1 Ky.bTypaMu Bact.
schatzenbachll. MHOrOaTOMHble CnnpTbl TaK)Ke OKHCJISIIOTCSi Bact. schiitzen-
bachii B COOTBCTCTBYIOIAHe KCTOCOeAHHeHioi. MbI Bb1pau 1BaJIH 6aKT OBNSiB
APoK)KeBOH BOAe CO CnHpTOM B KaueCTBe HCTOUIIHKa yrJlepoaa B y
> rlHTaHHSI, a 3aTeM n0A 6aKepHaJlbHble nel-KU JIo6aBJ1SIJIil
paCT'BOpbI rjIHuepHHa, cop6HTa JIH a HHTa H Ha61 o acon6HTa BFI o1 e 0K11C-
JIeHHe BTHX MHOPOaTOMHbIX CnHp
III.eHHb1e 6a'KTepHaJlbHbie nJIeHKH npOH3BOAHJIHCb TpoeKpaTHO tlepe3 ABoe
CyTOK. MbI y6eJIHJIHCb B TOM, LITO KOJIo geCTBO cop'603bI Henpe'pbIBHO Hapa-
CTaJIo npH O4IeHb He3Ha1IneJIbHOM yseJIH4eHHH KOJIHHeCTBa 6aKTepHaJlbHbIX
KJIemeHHH MorYOT UCyu1,eCTBJ1SITb H e pa3MHo>KaK)1RHeCHl3a C4eT03THX coT
eAH H-
HeHHl1 6axTepHH.
CYMeCTBeHHbIM AHarHOCTwIeCKHM npl43Ha'KOM 6axTepHH, no(Dpa~o '
51BJIHeTCB TaKxce HX CIIOCO6HOCTb OKHCJISITb JIaKTaT KaJIbIIHHI AO y ~
H BOAbI. prIPH a3y1 T R KPHCTaJiJIIbI CaCO3 b Bce CH3ygeHHbleVPHaMH IHTaMMU
Bact. o6aoact. schutzenbachii axTHSno oxncJ15110T Jle an apaTe axaTa-
McJIa. Bce OHH Ta'K)Ke HMeIOT B cBoeM PMexTaTxsxoM
.nary. OJlornH 6axTepHH cxoparo
TaKHM o6pa3OM, no.iyHeHHble aaHHbie no (pH3H oporo
cnoco6a n'poH3BOACTBa yKCyCa AOKa3blBaloT HaJI1TIHe Y cx rHX c HCHOKnCJIIIX
oco6eHHOCTeH, cylueCTBeHHO oTJinnalolunx Hx OT APY YKCY'
6axTepHH.
O6oco6JieHHe rpynnbl 6axTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a npOH3BOJICTBa yxcyc ,
O1IeBHAH'o,a a sa~ C b3TOFO nBpeMeHHa nOCOTOHHHb m HMe Tao6H0Ta0HHeMO 6aKKepMH
135 a JIeT H A
CTaJIH PpOH3BOACTBeHTIble annapaTbI yKCYCHbIX 3aB01,10B. yCJlo'BHSI cyLil,eCTB -
BCCoBHHHOBTOMy aunapaTax 14 B 06-bMCHIITTbo TITIbIKTIO-BCII AMY
BCCX 3aBOJIBOA
6a'K1'epnH TCX (PH3HOJIOrHHeCK1IX 0006CHHOCTeH, THXOBIbAOBTp 1AC~Oba pCr
CKOpOFO cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyCa oT Upy OAa e3 Jacter.
DTn (~H3HOJI0ruge0KHe oco6eHHOCTH BO:3HHK.H y 6axTepHH B p Y
eCe'CTBeHIIOFO OT60pa KaIC npICnOC06JICH14C K VC.'IOBHMM nX IOCT051HHOFO
McCTOo6HTaHH54.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OU3uoAoeuR 6akrepuu ckopoeo cnoco6a 11pou3u0dcr6u yxcycu
59
MbI pa3JIeaHeM MHeHHe KyapSIBLIeBa (1954) 0 TOM, qTO npa onpefjeJleHHII
CHCTCMaTHgeCK0r0 HOJIO}KCHHSI MHKPOOPraHH3MOB HeO6XOJiHMO ygHTbIBaTb
}7CJIOBN5I HX HO'CTOHHHOPO Me0T006HTaHH39 H HpH,jaB3Tb 00060e 3HalieHHe TeM
HpH3HaKaM, KOT'Opble B03HHKJIH B pe3y.nbTaTe npHCH0006.TeHHSl HMeHHO K
3THM yC.10BH5IM.
HpH cxopOM CnoCo6e HpOH3BO,.jCTBa yKCyca nHTaTeJlbHaA cpeJja, B KO-
TOpON HOCTOHHHO cyLuecTByfOT 6aKTepaH, COJje'p)KHT B KageCTBe HCTOLIHHKa
yrJIepoJja 3THJIOBbIfi CHHpT H YKCyCHyIO KNCJIOTy, a B KagecrBe HCTOgHHKa
a30Ta - JINIIIb MHH.epaJlbHble ero coe,1 HH'eHHH. baKTepHN CKOpOFO Cnoco6a
HPOH3BO,jCTBa yKCyca HpHcn0006HJIHCb 'K HCHOJIb3oBaHHIO He TOJIbKO B BHep-
reTHgeCKOM, HO H B KOHCTPYXTHBHOM o6MeHe OTHOCHTe.,1bIIO ?HH3KOMOJIeKy xp-
I-IbIX COe,L HHeHHA, npNO6pe.,ia CHO006HOCTb CHHTe3HpOBaTb H3 BTHX npOCTbIX
opraHNgeCKHX BeuieCTB H MHHepaJIbHOro a30Ta Bee Heo5xojjHMoe HM ijm
}KH3HeHHbIX Hpoue?cCOB, B TOM 'Hcjie n Bee cpepMeHTHbie CHCTeMbI. OHJ'I He
HoJlygafoT peryJlupHO rOTOBbIX BHTaMHHOB H BHTaMHHonoJjo6HbIX BeLLIeCTB, B
pe3yJlbTaTe gero y HHX pa3BHJIacb ayKcoaBTOTpo(JHB.
baKTepHN cxoporo cHOco6a nPOH3B0,jcTBa yKCyca B 3Ha0HTeJIbHOfI CTe-
neHH fOTepfJIH cHOC,),6HOCTb HCHOJIb3OBaTb B 'KOHCTPYKTHBHOM 06MeI-Ie 6ojiee
CJIO)KHble OpraaHgecKHe BeLgeCT'Ba - yFJIeBOJjbi H MIIOPOaTOMIIble CHHpTbl
HpH coxpaHeHHH CBOIiCTBeHHOfi, OgeBHJIHO, HX nperiKaM CH000,6HOCTH OKIICJIHTb
yrJleBOJjbI, Kap6oHOiBble KHCJIOTbi H MHOrOaTOMIIble CrIHpTbI.
OHH nPH?CHOCO6HJIHCb x cyIL[ecTBOBaHHfO B YCJIOBHSIX OgeHb BbIC'OKOft KHC-
JIOTHOCTH cpeJIb1 (11-12% yKCyCHOII KHCJIOTbI). HCKJlfogaTeJIbHO BbICO'KBH
aKTHBHOCTb OKHCJIeHHST BTHJIOBO'FO CnapTa Hpa pH, paBHOM 2,5-3,0, CBOf3-
CTBeHHa5i 6aKTepHH.M CKOpOro Cnoco6a nPOH3BOJICTBa yKCyca,- TaK}Ke pe-
3yJIbTaT np1CnoCo6JIeHHH H eCTeCTBeHHOrO OT6opa.
TaKHM o6pa30M, nPOH3OHJJIO 06?oco6JleHHe 6aKTepHII eKoporo cnoco6a
nPOH3BOJjCTBa yKCyca 13 BO3HHKHOBeHHe BHAa Acetobacter aceti, KOTOpbIH H
J3OJI)KeH 6bIJi, no MHeHHIO BeItepH,HKa, o6'begHHHTb 6axTepHH CKOporo cno-
co6a npOH3B0JjcTBa yKCyca.
143ylieHHe M,HO}KeCTBa KyJlbTyp 3TOIi rpynnbI, Onpe4jeJIeHHbIx HaMH, no
ToHHe6epry, KaK Bact. schiitzenbachii, Bact. curvum 'H Bact. acetigenum
M 6ojiee yrJIy6JIeHHoe cpaBHHTeJlbxo?e H3ytIeHHe (pH3HOJIO'rHH Bact. schiitzen-
bachii H Acet. aceti y6excz aeT B TOM, zTo 6axTep,HH cKOporo enoco'6a npoH3-
B?OJjCTBa yKCyca aOJI}KHbI 6bITb, no KJIacCH(JJH'KauHH (PpaTepa, BKJIIO,4eHbl B
rpynny mesoxydans H oTHeceHbl K BHJjy Acetobacter aceti.
BbIBOAbI
1. baKTepHN CKOporO clioco6a HPOH3BOJ1cTBa yKCyca npe1ICTaBJISHOT
co6O1-T o60006JIeHHy}o rpynny, 06JIa)IaIouiyfo cnelja(IHgecKHMH c)H3HoJiorHtIe-
CKHMH C'BONCTBaMH, B03HHKIHHMH H yCHJIHBINHMHC,9 B pe3yJlbTaTe npHcnoco6-
.IIeHNH 6aKTepH4 K oco6bIM YCJIOBHHM HX nOCTOSIHHOrO MecToO6HTaHHSI B an-
napaTax yKCyCHbIX 3aBOJIOB.
2. B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM 06MeHe 6aKTepNH CKOpOrO Cnoco6a HpOH3'BO,ijCTBa
yKCyca HCPOJIb3y!OT CnHPT H yKCyCHyiO KHCJIOTy B Kaq-IeCTBe HCTOgHHKa yr-
JIepo,aa H aMMOHHcIHbie COJIH - B KageCTBe HCTOlHHKa a30Ta. Oiin He Hy>K-
,jafOTCSI B FOTO'BbIX BHTaMHHaX H BHTaMHHonoJIO6HbIX BeIue'cTBax H SIBJIAIOTC$i
ayxcoaBTOTpocpa.MH.
3. DTHJi0,BbIH CHHpT, yKCyCHaHI KHCJIOTa, nPOH14JIOBbI1[ CHHpT, npOHHOHO-
Baa H MOJIO4I1aB KHCJIOTbI BBJIHIOTCH J[J1H 6aKTepHH CKOPOrO cnoco6a HpOH3-
BOJICTBa yKCyca JIyuLHHMI! HCTOrI!HKaMH yrJlepo, a. OHTHMaJIbHbie JjJIH pa3-
MI10}KeHHSI 6aKTepai yCJ10'Bmi o6ecHeg,HBaIOTCSI HPH HaraIIHH,
Kor,ja KO111jeHTpaLT,HSI JICTYgHX BCILIeCTB B IIHTaTeJIbHoii cpe,le He npeBbIHjaeT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0,05-0,1 %. Yr.neB0,7,bI H MIIOroaTOMHble CnnpTbI MaJlonparoJIHbI A J151 nHTa-
H1H 6aKTepH9 CKOpOrO cnoco6a npOH3BOJICIBa yKCyCa.
4. Cpeilu poaa Acetobacter 6aKTepH14 CKOpOrO cnoco6a npo'H3BOIICTBa yK-
CyCa BbI. eJIaIOTCSI ilpe3'BbIga1FHO 60JIbIHOId aKTHBHOCTbIO npOHeCCOB O'KHCIIC1IH2
CnnpTa 11 VKCYC'HOH KHCJIOTbI, a Ta'K>Ke BbflIOCJIHB'OCTbIO K BbICOKOH KHCJIOT-
HOCTH OKpy Ka10IIIen cpeLIbI. OHn CHOCo6HbI TaK>Ke OKHCJISITb FJIIOKO3Y B
I-AIOKOHC'BY1O KHCJIOTy, FJ1IOKOHOBYIO KUCJIOTy -B KeTOrJIIOKOHOBYIO H MH'0-
roaTOMIible cnnpTbl - B COOTBeTCTBYIOLU.II0 KeT0COep,nHe111 .
5. Ea'KTepnn CKOp rO cnoco6a npoH3BO,JCTBa yKCyCa HMeIOT B CBoe
(jjepMcIITaTHBHOM anra ale KaTaJia3 n OKHCJ1910T JIaKTaT KaJIbU,a51 Tto y
KHCJIOTb1 H BO. bI.
6. EuHHCTBO 6HOJi0rngCicKnx oco'6eHHOcTel3 6aKTepHH CKOpOrO cnoco a
npo113BO,aCTBa yKCyCa Tpe6y'CT npn3HaliI9 npnHagJie>KHOCTH BCex 6aKTep14H
-)TON rPynnbI 'K BH,K Acetobacter aceti.
JIIKyp
Up. 63.
K p a c t i.9 b H H K 0 B H. A. OnpeaeaalTeJIb 6aKTepHH H aKTHHOMHUeTOB. 143A-B0 AH CCCP,
1950.
K y a p a B u e B B. Id CNCTeMaTNKa apoxc>Ke9. 143a-B0 AHo N CPx 1954TepNH. I7IOJIJI. T2XH.
JIoAUaaCKaa M. C. 0 CMemaHHbIX KyalbTypax y y
HH(popMauaa MHHHCTepCTBa oHIU npoM. CCCP, 1949, N? 6, cTp. 25.
JI 0 H U a H C K a a M. C. HCnoab3oaaHNe rJIIOK03bl 6aKTepH5iMn CKOPOrO cnoco6a np0H3B0 L-
cTBa yKCyCa. MIHKpo6HOJIOrHN, 1955, T. XXIV, Bbin. 5, cTp. 598.
JI O H U H H C K a a M. C. nNTaHHC 6aKTepHH cKopOrO cnoco6a np0H3B0acTBa,
yKCyCa. MHKpO6NOJFOrHB, 1959, XXVIII, B. 1.
CHOKHC.IIbIX 6axTepHH. BeCTH_
JI O H U. B H C K a a M. C 0 3Ha ieHNN yraaeKNCJIOTbl aaa yKCy
JIeHHHrp. yH-Ta, 19586, Ne 9, cTp. 66.
o Ha pa3MHO>KeHHe H oKHcaeane OCnipa H. H. Ta Bactteriiumnschutzenbachii. Y. 3an. JII Y, N1956,
N2 216, cTp. 80.
JI O H u q H C K a a M. C. H T p o m a H 0 H 3. U. Hcnoaib3oaaHxe MOJIOgHOH KHCJIOTb1 yKCyCH
KHCJ1biMH 6aKTePHBMH Yq. 3an. JIT'Y, 1956, N2 216, cTp. 89.
o a xa pa3Mxo>KeHHe FI
JI 0 H U B H C K a a M. C. N III e A K Y H 0 B a C. A. BJIHRHNe ocp
OKHCJIHTeaabHy'o aKTHBHOCTb Bacterium schiitzenbachii IIpH 14Cn0JIb30BaHHH CnHpTa II
rJIIOK03bl. Yq. 3an. JIMY, 1956, N2 216, CTp. 98.
P a 3 y MOB C K a a 3. F. H B a c n ,i b e B a 0. A. 06 OKHCJIeHHH rJIOOKO3bI yKCyCHOKHCJIbIMIl
6aKTeOHAMH. Yq. 3an. JIFY, 1976, NO 216, CTp. 57.
Y T K N H Jl. M. 0 HOBOM MHKpooprauH3Me 113 rpynnbt yKCyCHbIX 6aKTepHH. MHKpo6HoJIo-
rHU, 1937, T. VI. Bbin. 4, cTp. 421.
B e'i j e r i n c k M. Ober die Arten der Essigbakterien. Zblt. fur Bact. Abt. II, 1898, Bd. 4,
S. 211.
B e r g e y D. Manual of determinative bacteriology, 6 ed., 1948, Baltimore.
Brow n G. a. R a i n b o w C. Nutritional patterns in acetic acid bacteria. J. of Gen.
Microb., 1956, v. 15, N 1, p. 61.
H a chtig H.g der Ess ggaru gBD ehBranndtweinwirtschafts 9men 56uBdr78, N dj9 eSBe97c sl
H e n n e b e r g W. Handbuch der Garungsbakteriologie, 1926, t. II, Berlin.
H e r m a n n S. Bacterium gluconicum, cin in der sogenannten Kombucha vorkommender
Spaltpilz. Bioch. Zlschr., 1929, Bd. 205, N 1-3. S. 297.
F r a t e u r Y. Essai sur la systematique des Acetobacters. La cellule, 1950, t. LIII, N 3,
p 287.
J a n k e A. Znr systematik der Essigbakterien Ztblt. f. Bact. Abt., II, 1957, Bd. 110,
N 21-25, S. 728.
K I u y v e r A. a. van N i e l C. Prospects for a natural system of classification of bacte-
ria Zblt, f. Bact. Abt. II, 1936. Bd 94, N 19-`23, S. 269.
Le if son E. The flagellatioi0and taxonomy of species of Azetobacter. Ant. v. Leeuwen-
hoeck, j 1954, v. 20, p.
S h i m w e 111'. The true significance of Hoyer medium in the differention of Acetobacter
r,,., J. Inst. Brewing, 1957, v. 63. P. 44
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H. 51. Becenoe, 3. T. Ky3ne1 oea
O (bH3HOJIorH4ECK0N POJIH OBPA3OBAHHSI
MOJIOgNON KHCJIOTbI FOMOIEPMEHTATHBHbIMH
MOJIOgHOKHCJIbIMH BAKTEPHSIMH
(HHCTHTyT MHKpO(HOJ1orH4 AH CCCP)
1Zo BOnpocy o poJIH 6poxceHHH AJIA pa3BHT145I MHKpOOpraHH3MOB Cyute-
CTByIOT pa3.mgIibie TOgKH 3peHHH. HaH6ojiee CTapan Ta TOLIKa 3peHHH, CO-
rJIaCHO KOTOpOI3 6pO KeHHH IjeH'HbI AJIH OpraHH3Ma TOJIbKO C'BOe11 9HeprHefl
H HpOAyKTbi 6poaceHHx HH B Koef Mepe He HCHOJIb3yJOTCH MHKpOOpraHn3Ma-
mH (KOCTbIge,B11914, 1937; CTe(peHCOH11951).
COBepLHeHHO HPOTHBO'HOJIO>KHbIM HBJI51eTC5I MHeHHe TaycoHa (1940), cLIH-
TaROUteFO, LITO AHCCHMHJISILJJJOHHble npoueccbl npeACTaBJISIIOT C060ii nepByio
fOArOTOBHTe.nbHyfO CTaAHIo nepeCTpoi KH nHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLueCT'B cpe thI B npo-
.AyKTbl, KOTOpble HCHOJIb3yIOTC51 B CHHTeTHLIeCKHX HpoueccaX KJIeTKH. HpH Ha-
pyUIeHHH no KaKHM-JIH60 npHLInHaM CHHTeTHLIeCKIIX npoueccoB npoMe KyTOil-
Hble npOAyKTbI HpeBpaIIleHHH HHTaTejIbHbIX BeLueCTB He HCHOJIb3yloTCH HJIII
HCnOJIb3ylOTC51 B McHbluec Mepe. B pe3yJlbTaTe npOHCXOAHT HaKonJIeHne 13
CpeAe Taxax npOAyKT0B, KaK CHHpT, MOJIOLIHa5I H MaCJI51HaH KHCJIOTbI H Ap.
TaycoH npHXOAHT K BbIBOAy, LITO npouecc 6po>KeHHSI eCTb CJICACTBHe KHe-
yAaBmerOCH CHHT#'3a>. 1-101.jo6HOro we B3rJI51Aa -Ha npouecc 6po)KeHH51 KaK Ha
OTKJIOHCHHbI1 06MeH BeHjecTB npHAep}KHBaeTCH H (DOCTep (1950). OAHaKO,
Ka'K H 60JIbLUHHCTBO ApVrIX HCCJIeAOBaTeJIefI, OH CLIHTaeT, LITO HpOUecCbI CHH-
Te3a Tpe6ylOT AJIH CBO'erO OCyLueCTBJIeHHH 3HeprHH OKHCJIHTeJlbHbIX np0uec-
COB. TayCOH >Ke (1935, 1945, 1946), OCHOBbIBa5ICb Ha CBOeM 9KCnepHMeHTaJIb-
HOM MaTepHaJie, OTpHuaeT pOJIb AbIXaHHSi H 6p0}KeHH51 KaK IICTOLITIHKOB
3HCprWH AJI51 CHLiTeTHLIeCKHX npoueccoB. B 3TOM OTHOIUeHHH er'O B3rJ1AAbI CO-
BHaAaIOT C MHeHHeM KJIIOIiBepa (Kluyver, 1930, 1931 rr.). B HacTOHLuee
BpeMR LUJCJIO CTOPOHHHKOB caMonpoa3'BOJIbIIorO TeLIeHH5I CHHTeTHLIeCKHX npo-
HeccoB yBeJIHUHJiocb (JIonyuJancKHe, 1955; Winzler a. Baumberger, 1938;
Siegel a. Clifton, 1950 Hap.).
3a noc.me, HHe 20 JIeT HaKOnHJIocb 60JIbuice KOJIHLIeCTBO MaTepHaJIOB, no-
Ka3blBaIOInHX, LITO B pe3yJlbTaTe npoueCCOB AbIXaNHH H 6po>KeHHH o6pa3yIOT-
C51 BeUWCTBa, HAywrIe Ha HOCTpoeHUe TaKHX BaxcHbIX KOMHOHeHTOB KJIeTKH,
KIIK 6ejIKH, }KHphI H yrJieB02bI (KanjiaHCKHII H 1LLMepjIHHr, 1945; BbinlenaH,
1948; BeceJloB 11 ACJIaHOB, 1952; Bece:IOB H JI#BaueBa, 1954; BecejIOB, JIe-
BaaeBa H (I)pOJIOBa, 1955; Meyerhof, 1925; Fromageot a. Desnuelle, 1931,
1935; Barker, 1936; Sonderhof a. Thomas, 1937; Cori, Schmidt a. Cori.
1939; Stier, 1939; Gottschalk, 1942; Kleinzeller, 1948; Sewell a. King,
1954; White a. Munns, 1954; Wilner a. Clifton, 1954; Fink, Krebs a. Lech-
ner, 1939).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H3y4'eifue npOUCCCOB aCCHMHJIHHJ1H y pa3JIHTT'HbIx reTepOTp3(jHbIX MHKp'O-
opraHH3MOB HMeeT 6oJIbuioe 3Ha4eHHe, TaK KaK AaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb 6JIH}Ke
HOAOFITH K BbIHCHeHHIO HCTHHHbIX B3aHMooTHOmIeHH13 Me}KAy npoueccaMH ac-
CHMHJI5IUHH H AHCCHMHJISiUHH.
1leCMOTp5I Ha 06HIHpHyIO JIHTepaTypy HO B'OHpOCaM acCHMJIJIHUHH y MH-
KpOOpraHH3MOB B npouecce AbIXaHHSI H 6poXKexn51, 1JI5 MOJIO4HOKHCJIbIX
6aKTep'HH HOA06HbIX AaHHbIX HeT, ec iii He CT-IHTaTb HCCJIeAOBaHHH BaH-1-1HJISI
H AHAepcoHa (Van Niel a. Anderson, 1941). 9TH aBTOpbI, HCHOJIb3y5I meTO-
AHKy MaHOMeTPH4eCKHX 'H3MepeHH13, He Ha6JI10AaJIH accHMHJIHUHH BO BpeMH
c6pa}KHBaHHSI caxapa B CyCneH3HH OTMbITbIX KJIeTOK Streptococcus faecalis.
OAHaxo, no yxa3aHH5iM L1.1anOIIIHIIKOBa (1948), c6pa}K'HBaeMaa rJIIOKO3a Mo-
}KCT noTpe'6JJHTbca MOJI'OIHOKHCJIbIMH 6aKTepHHMH Ha CHHTe3 KJIeTO4HOFO
BeI1!eCTBa.
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}KHBaHHSI y'raeBOAOB B cHHTe3e KJI'eTOLIHOFO B'eluecma HpH JIIO6oM npouecce
6p0}KCIIH5I O4eHb TpyjHO. McT'o, )Ke pa ioaKT'HBHbIX HHAIIKaTO'POB, ycHeHIHO
npHMeHnCMbIH B Tc'4eHHe n'oCJIeAIfero AeCHTHJIeTHH B (JH3H0JI0rH4eCKHX H 6Ho-
XHMH4CCKHX H'CCJIeAOBaHH51X, H03BOJ geT npoCJIe4HTb ABH}KeH'He BeIUeCTB H3
CpeAbI B KJIeTKY H H3 K.JIeTKH O6paTII'O B cpe4y 6e3 HaPyiueHHSI HopMaJIbHOIFI
4)H3HOJIO[HH pa3BHT142 6aKTep,H11 H OCyLueCTBJIHe'MOTO HMII 6p0}KCHHH, C03Aa-
BaB, TaKHM O6pa30M, 3KCnepHM'eHTaJIbnble B03MO}KHOCTH HCCJIeAO'Ba'HHa o6-
MeHa Ben eCTB y MOJIO IHOKHCJIb1X 6aKTe'pHH. B CBH311 C BTHM UOJib HaCTOH!ueIt
pa60TbI C0'CTOSIJIa B onpejeJIeHHII nPH IOMOHZH McIeHbIX aTOMOB cTeneHH
B'KJII04eH'HH c6pa)KHBaeM01i rJIIOK'O3bI B 6aKTepHaJlbHyIO MaCCy HpH pa3BHTHH
B yCJIOBHSIX 6poxceH'HH.
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6bITb 14CnoJIb3oBaHbI, TaK KaK J JIR Bact. Delbruckii OHH 04eHb CJIO}KIIbI (Pa-
6oTHOBa,1947).
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LITO 6aKTepHaJIbHaHI Macca Aorix{Ha COCTOSITb rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM H3 a30TH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O (u3uo,aoeu Mecxou po,lu 06pa3oeaHUn MOAOMHOO i UCWO7b1
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
66 H. f1. Bece.ioa, 3. I'. Ky3He(4o6a
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O tibusuonozuaecxou ponu o6pa3o8aHuE s10n01Hoa xucnorr,t
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
68 Ii. fI. Beceaoe, 3. 1'. hy3He4oea
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voil 6axl'epuaJlblloH _IIaCCbl HpH BblpamABaimu npo'IHo cop6HpoBaJlHCb
paAHOaKTHBHble Ben[eUi3a CpeJ[bI, OF KOTOpbIX He yaaBaJIOCb 0CB060J1HTbCO
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paBHylo 225 000 HMH/MHII IIa 1 r cpe;lbl. TaKaB B3BCCb CTaBHJIaCb Ha XOJIOA
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no He 6po,iuL11I. '10PC3 TpOe cyTOK 6aKTepnaJlbnaH Ma~cca oT(4HJ1bTpoBbIBa-
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2 HMB/MIIH, 11TO COCTaBJIHJIO HacTOJIbKO Hc3HagHTeJIbHyIo BeJIH'-IHHy 110
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IIOCTb CC pe3KO 121O3pacTaeT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O 1fiu3u0tozwtecxou 17o1u o6pa30(3-aH11n .510,lOgHo 1CUCROTII
CpaBHIIBaH 6HOXHMHleCKHFI COCTaB 6aKTep1Iam1ro i MaCCbI C ce paAHoaK-
TH'B'HOCTbIO, HOJIy4eHHOII 3a CiICT C6pa)KIIBaHj Meileliof FJHOK03bI, H AOByCKaH,
HTO rJIHOK03a 6e3 CyI1 eCTBeHIIOIi nepeCTpoNKII 1J,CHOJIb3yeTCH Ila HOCTpOel1Hc
yrJieBOAoB 6axTepHaJIbHOf1 KJIeTKH B COOTIIOIICIIOH 1,1 : 1 (180 : 162), cJfc:Ao-
BaJIo 6bi o)KHAaTb cpaBIIIHTeJIbHO HH3Ky10 paAHoaKTHBHoCTb 6aKTepHii, COOT-
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UeJIHKOM H3 yrJIeBOAOB cpeAbl Home COOTBeTCTByIOLgect HepeCTpOI3KH IIOCJIeA-
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BaHHH yr.neBOAOB, BKJIIOgeHiibIX B a30THCTb1e BeHJ,eCTBa KJIeTOK, 6yACT IIpHXO-
AHTbCH
88,8 X 68571 - 18,5 X 2 + (7,6 + 5,7) X 1,11 >( 160000
= 15348 NMH/MNH Ha I r
67
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26974 HMn/MIIH Ha 1 r. HpH Co iepx{aHHH yrJiepo.a 'B r.nlOKo3e, paBHOM
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52 X 15348 X 100
52 X 26974 X 100
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rJlacyeTcH C oTMe'IeHHbIM CpaKTOM He3HatIHTeJlbrIoIi paAHoaKTI1!BHOCTII 6aKTe-
pHaJIbHO1I MaCCbI B BepHOA ()OpMHpoBaHHH ee 3a C4 T a30T'HC'rblX n'pOAYKTOB
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-- = 13 00 - AJiH 6HOMaccbI nepBoro OliblTa,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CTpOHK01i a30T1'CTbIX Beme.CTB Cpejjbl Hp'H HenocpeJjCTBeHIIOM y'tiaCTHH B 3TOM
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rjje B KatieCTBe C11111CTBCHHOrO IiCTO1HHKa pa,Tu.IOaKTHBHOro yr iepoJ a 6b1JIH
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BCJIITKO it COCTaBJIReT OT 9 Jjo 18%.
6. HOJIyt1eIHlbie jaTIIIbie HoKa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO OKOJIO HO.IOBHHbI Be_IIjeCTna
6aKTep'iia.1b110II KJTCTKII HOCTpoeHO 3a CIICT yFJICBO,JOB Cpe,'jbf. CJIeAOBaTC.IbIIO,
npouece c6pa>KHBaHHo yr.TIeao'joB jag roMo(j)epMeIITaTHBHbIX MOJIOtIIIOKHC-
AbIX 6aKTCpHf)1 HB,11OeTC51 TaKH`MI npoueCCOM, B pe3ymbTaTe KOTO,POFO 06pa3y-
IOTCH HpOMe>KyTOHIIIbIC BCLUeCTBa, HAyIJHe Ila nocTpoCHHC 6aKTepiaJlblloii
K.+ICTKI I.
JillTEPAT YPA
B c .1 0 c p c K H ii A. H. n H P 0 C K y p n K 0 B H. H. HpaKTnoecKoe pyKOBo ICTBO no 6HoXII-
MHII paCTeHnhi. H3,1-BO , rlpOBO;i,IIBWIII1CC5I C)KCMCC.94HO B TeneHlle 1956 H 1957 rr. (COTpyA-
HnuCH HanIero HHCTIITyTa CTCHaHOBOH), HO'Ka3aJIH HeKOTOpbie KO.ne6aHHH B
?il'O COCTaBe. KOJIw-ICCTBO CyXHX BCLIICCTB B M07OKe 6blJI'o CaMbIM HH3KHM B
BeCeHHIIC (11,18-12,15%) H 1lan6oJIee BbICOKHM B OCeHHHC H 3HM11HC MCCR-
LjbI (Hanlllas C CeliTB6pH - 13,08-14,6%). CoJep KaHHe 6CJIKa, B TOM 4HC-
1C li Ka3eaHa TaK>KC 6bIJIO 60Jiee Hn3KHM B fCpHO,1 C (1cBpaJI5i no mail
(6e.nKa 2,66-2,9 H Ka3eHlla 2,05-2,28%) If BbICOKHM - B OCeIIHHC IT 3HM-
IIHC McCRIIbi (3,07-3,83%). KOJIHIICCTB0 MOJIOUHoro caxapa KOJIe6aJIOCb B
Te'CHHe ro;a B npcueJlax 4,79-5,02% ('c 6onee HH3KHM co,iep Kal1HCM
B OCCHHnC MCCRIIbl). Hanle HCCJIe.roBaHHSI nOKa3ajIH, LIT'O B 3HMHHH fCpHOR,
Kor;a B MO.IoKe n'o'BbILuaJIOCb KOJIH''ICCTBO CyXHX BeIIICCTB H 6'CJIKOB, ra30O6-
pa30BaHHC y Sir. paracitrovorus BO'HH)KaJIO'Cb. CJIC,jOBaTeJIbnO, CHOCO6IIOCTb
MHKPOOPraHH3MOB K ra30O6pa3oBaHHIo HC HaX0,L1IT'CII B np5MOH 3aBHCHMOCT'H
OT cOAep>KaIIIIR yKa3aaIlbIX BeI1 ecTB, HO BO3M0>KHO, 'ITO nOCJIe, HHe HrpaIOT
113BeCTHyK) p'OJIb. 3TO npe,LwHOJIO>KCHne 'aCTI1OHO nOATBep>KJIaeTCR 6o,,-ice aK-
THBIIbIM ra3006pa3OBaHHeM y BCeX TpeX 'KyJIbTyP Sir. paracitrovorus IIa MO-
JIOKC C (kepMbI , KOTO'pOC OTJIn'IaJIOCb OT MOJIOKa /C (jCpMbi 6OJIbIIHM co-Aep>KaHneM CyXHX BCLUeCTB H 6e.TIKOB (CCHTR R Pb: < p -
>KaH> - 14,90/0 CyXHX BCH eCTB; >- 12,08%).
Bonpo'ca O TOM, KaKHX B?U eCTB HC XBaTaeT B MOJIOK? B BeCeHHnH fC?HOJ,
K HC'My AO'6aB.TI5 II4 FJIIOK03y, raJIaKT03y, JIa'KT03y, JIHMOHHOKHCJIbILI Harp H
cOJIH MOJIO'IIio KIICJIOTbI. OaHa,KO 310 HH B OAHOM CJIy'-Iae Ire y'CHJIHIBaJIO CHO-
co61I0CTII KyJlbTyp K ra30o6pa3oBa11HIo. Ho BBe_. eHHe B MO,1O'KO ;ICC 2TbIX
AD.-10i! HpoUCIITa Apo>KKeBOrO aBTOJIH3aTa, Bbl'TH>KKH I13 npopocrunx x:ie61IbIX
Bepell ioIH Apyr'HX npenapaTOB, 60raTbIX q)aKTOpaMH poCTa, HoBbIHlallo Hpo-
AygHpO3alIIIe rasa io ypoBHM, KoTOpbili MbI no.IIytlaJ1u Ha JIygLUeM M010KC B
1eT1I1H nepiiOJj. HOHn>xenllc CH0006HOCTH Ky.nbTyP K ra3oo6pa3OBaIIllio B1,I-
3Baiio, nO-BHAHMO'My, HCAOCTaTKOM B MOJIOKC (1)aKTOPOB poCTa. 3TO, B CBOIO
0tICpC,1b, CB513aH0 c o6CAHe_HIIC'M KO'pMOB B KOHU0 CTOH 70BOrO Hepuo, a (~aK-
TOpaMH poCTa (Co.ayH, 1944). 14TO6bI BbIRCHHTb, HPH KaKHX TCTOIIIILKax
yrJicpoua LUTaMMbI Sir-. paracitrovorus o6JlaaaloT CHO'co6IIOCTbIO npo:IyIIHpO-
BaTb ra3, 6blJia B3RTa cnHTeTHyecxaH cpeAa (COCTaB epeAbl B %.: KH2PO4 -
0,5; Na2HPO4 - 0,2; MgSO4 -- 0,1; NaC1 - 0,1; NH4C1 - 0,1;
(NH4) 2SO4 - cJIeAbI; FeC13 - cJ1eabl, neHTOH - 0,5; ApOK>KeBOfl aBT'oJI14-
3aT - 2; pH-6,8), K KOTOPOH Ao6aBJIRJIH JIaKT03y, rJIIOKO3y, ra.IaKT03y
(no 1% Ka>KAOH) H 0,3% JIHMOHHOKHCJIOrO HaTpa, a Ta'K>Ke CMeem 3TIIx B0-
I[eCTB.
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BnuRHue KeKOTOpbIX (/3aK70poa Ha CGOCCCT6a MOaOKKOKUCIIbIX CTpefTOKOKK06 75
HCCJIeAo'BaIIHA HOKa3aggH, TITO Ka}Kjbli H3 9THX nCTOg11HK0,B yr?Tepoaa
B OT, CJIbHOCTH He AaBa:I V,2OB:1-eTBopBTeJlbxblx pC3yJIbTaTOB - KO.JIIhIeCTBO
ra3a 6bL:7o 111111TWKHbIM (pne. 2).
CoBepweJlJlo HHax KapTlrrra Ha6,noAaJiacb, KOr,-ja B CHHTeTHgeCXVfO Cpc,y
,'jo6aB,TISLAH O,glO'BpeMeHIIO caxap H IIHTpaT. Caine cimbHOC ra30o6pa3OBa-
Bile, npl16JIH}KaIoIlreecH K TaKOBOMy B MOJIOKC, OTMegeBo HpH BHeCeHHIj
32r
3.1
3,1
2,91
PHc. 2. O6pa3oBaHHe rasa KvabTypaMH Sir. paracitrovorus Ha CHHTe-
T114CCKOH cpese c ao6aBaeHHei pa3HblX HCTOIIHIIKOB yraepoja:
I - 1HT. 3000; 2 - HIT. 245; 3 - IIIT. 3021 ; 4 - IIIT. Si;.
1 - KOIITPo.nb: II - n aKTO3a: III - r.I,OKO3a; IV - ra9 aKro oa; V - JIHMOHHOI:HC-
JIbIII 1IaTPH11; VI - jia KT03a + .'IHM0IIH0KHCAbIr1 HaTPHFI; VII - rir01{o3a + .'IHMOH-
HOKHCabI4I IIaTPHIi; VIII - ra,'IaKT03a -{- :I HMOIIHOKIIC.1bI11 IIaTPHI(.
B CpeAy O lIOBpeMeHllo 'I IKT03bl H UHTpaTa (Gibson a. Abdel-Malek, 1945).
3Hag;rrCJIbrIo MCHbmee ra3oo6pa3oBaJIHe HpOHCXOAHJio HpH BHCCeJHII BMeCTo
JIaKT03bl, 1'.JII0KO31J H ra.'IaKT03hI. 13 IcagCCTBe HCT'O11HIIKa yIvIepoJ a 6bUIH HC-
nblTaHb1 TaK}Ke moaoL rag, .'IIIMOIIIIaH, y'KCyCHaH H nHpOBHHOrpaAi-faH KHCJIOTbI
H COJIII M0,7OgHOIi K1fC.'I0Tbi. OAHaKO HH B OAHoM CJIygae He IIa6JIIo,gaJI1I o6-
pa30Ballrffl ra3a B KO:IHgeC'rBaX, HMCIOHjHX HpaKTHgeCKoe 3HageHHe. Ky.Jib-
TVpbI Sir. diacetliactis, KaK VKa3bIBa:IOCb BbIHle, HpOAyuJpo3aJIH 3Ha11HTe'1b-
1-1O MCHiOHIe ra3a, 1ieM Sir. paracitrovorUS, HO H B 3TOM cjry'Iae OIIjyTHMble
KOJIHgCCTBa ra3a o6pa30BbJBaJI1JCb TO,'IbKO Hpi OAIIOBpeM'elll-IO,M HPHCYTCTBHH
B cpe,ge caxapa (JIy iLue JIa'KT03bl) H UHTpaTa. Heo6XOjjHMbIMH 1JIH ra3oo6-
pa30BaIIHH KOMfOIIeIITalJI cpe,bI CJIy}KaT TaK}Ke CpaKTOpbl poCTa. 3T0 IIOA-
TBep}KAaeTcH TCM, g'r0 B MOJIOKe, HOJIygeHIloM B BeceHHHi-i nepno,q, co ep-
?KHTCH HOgT'H Taxoe ice KOJIHq,e.CT:BO MOJIOgBOFO Caxapa H JIHMOHHOH xHCJIoTb1,
KaK H B JieTHHil nepHOA, OAHa'i CHOCO6'HOCTb K ra3oO6pa3OBaHHIO y apOMaTO-
?o6pa3yfon111X CTPCHTOKOKKOB Ha 3TOM MOJIOKC pe3KO nOIIH}xaeTc5i. TOJIbKO
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M. P. Fu6tuMat
76
HOCJie I, 06a'B."ie11HSI K He'My II aeHO paTOB, o amIX (p3XTOppMII pnalumalOT OeTa (pOaK-
>KeBoro aBTo.IIII3aTa it Tip.), p pa
THBHO Hp0,jyLU1pOBaTb ra3.
BJIHAHI1E BNj1OBOrO COCTABA CTPEHTOKOKKOB B 3AKBACKE
HA MHKP0GHOJ1OrH9ECKHE IIPOLI,ECCbI B CbIPE
AJ11i BbIMcne1-IH5I 3TOr0 BOHpoca 6b1JIH B35ITbI LleTblpe 3aKBaCK14 pa3HOr0
cocTasa: 1) CMe,Cb LUeCTH LIITaMMOB Str. lactis, 2) Ta >Ke CMecb+ABa IHTaM-
Ma Str. diacetilactis, 3) Ta xce CMecb+Te xKe LIITaMMhi+,TIBa IHTMMMa Str.
paracitrovorus, 4) Ta >Ke cMCCb+TC >Ke IBa IHTaMMa Sir. paracitrovorus.
fIpH COCTaBJTe'HHI3 3aKBaCKH B MOJIOKO 'BHOCTLHH O, HHaKOBbie KO.IIHMCCTBM
Str. lactis it Str. diacetilactis H B J 13a pa3a 6oJIbLue Str. paracitrovorus.
OHbiTbI HpOBO'jjHJIH'Cb IIpH Bblpa6oTKe KOCTpOMCKOro cbipa 1. 11PH H3POTO'B-
JIeHHH cbipa 6pain O,TLHO H TO >KC naCTepM3OBaHHOe MOJIOKO, pa3JIHTOe B Me-
TbIpe CbIpIIble BaHIIbI 110 300 JI B Ka>KJ yIO. B MOJIOKO 'BIIOCHJIH 0,4% 3aKBac-
KH. Te_xuojTorH4eCKH0 yC.IIOBHH Bbipa60TKII CbIpa 6h1JIH OjHHaKO'Bb1MH BO BCCX
BaHHax. ffoBTOpHOCTb OHbITOB 1-I5ITHKpaTHaa. Cup HCC.TIeJ OBaJICSI HOCJIC HpeC-
CoBaIIIIA Mepe3 5, 10, 30 H 75 wwHei . KpoMe O6bIMIIbIX alla.IIH3OB, 6bIJIO 'dipO-
110 eHO JjCTa.IIb'IIOC 113yKCHHe MHKpO{cJIO'pb1 CbIpa. B yKa3aHilble CpOKH 11'po-
1I3BOjjHJIHCb HOCCBbl Ha IIa1I'KH fleTpH C arap130,BaHI1b1M rILTwoJIH3aT0M MO-
TlOKa. H'pHPOTOBJICHHbIM HO peIIenTy BorjjaIIOBa (1950). Bee BbIpOCIIIHe
KO:IoIIlrTl c 0,25 nJi01lja;jll MamKH (B KOJIHMeCTBe OKOJIO 50) HepeHOCHJIHCb B
CTOI)II. i1Oe MOJIOKO. fIOCJie 3TOI.0 113yMIaJIH 6HOXHMIIMC'CKHC H 'b'IOp(j)OJIOrHtIe-
CKIIC CBOHCTBa BbIieJlemHbTx HITaMMOB H HJjeIITH(pHIIHpOBaA14 HX.
Ha H'HT'eHCHBHOCTb MHKp061I0JIO'rHMe.CKHX HpOIjeCCOB B KOCTpO'MCKOM CbI-
pe OKa3bFBaJI BJIHHHHC COCTaB 3aKBaCKH. KOJIHMecTBO 6aKTepHH 6bIJIo Bbllue
(3200 MJIH.) B CblpaX, BbIpa6OTaHHbIX Ha 3aKBaCKe, B COCTaB KOTOpOFI BXO-
J VIJIH KyJIbTypbI Str. diacetilactis (cbipbI 2 H 3), H HH>Ke (2300 MJIH.) B CbI-
paX, BbIpa60TaHHbIX Ha OjjHIIX KyJlbTypaX Str. lactis iuni CMeca HX c Str-
paracitrovorus ('cbipbi I H 4).
B COOTBeTCTBHH C H3MeHeHHeM cOCTaiBa 3aKBaCKH 143MeHSIJIaCb H MHKpO-
(pJIOpa CbIpa. TaK B CbIpe 1 no 30-AHeBHOrO B03paCTa 6bIJI'H Haii1LeHbl TOJIbKO
BBejjeHHbie C 3aKBaCKOH KyJlbTypbl Str. lactis. B cbipe 4, KpOMe Str. lactis
o6Ha'py>KeHbI B He60JIbwoM KOJI'HMeCTBe (6%) euie Str. paracitrovorus.
3HagHTeJlbHO OTJIHMaJIIIcb H0 COCTa'By MHKpO'(JJPO'pb1 CbIpbl 2 H 3. flpHMe'p-
HO 40% BCCX HafAeHHbIX B HHX 6aKTepan COCTaBJIAJIH Str. diacetilactis. 3TO
o6'b51cHneTC51 TeM, 11Th KyJIbTypbI Str. diacetilactis H Str. lactis 6bIJIH OJ 1sHa-
KOBO aKTHBHbIMH.
B 1 MJI Ka>K]j011 H3 3THX KyJlbTyp (B MOJIOKe) co. ep>KaJIOCb no 2300
H 2100 MJIH. KJIeTOK, Tot-Aa KaK Str. paracitrovorus oTJIHMaJIHeb MeaiieHHbIM
pa3BHTHeM B MOJIO'Ke, a B 1 MJI 11HCTOM Ky:ibTypbl 6bIJI0 TOJIbKO 500 M JIH. KJIe-
TOK. fl03TOMy, HeCMOTp1l Ha TO, MTO HpH COCTaBJIeHHH 3aKBaC'KH B MOJIOKO
BBOJjHJIH B JjBa pasa 60JIbLHe Str. paracitrovorus HO c'paBHeHHiO C jpymm4
KOMHOHeHTaMH, pa3BHTHe HX KaK B MOJIOKe, TaK H B Cb1pC TOpM03H.TO('b 60-
Jlee aKTHBHbIMH IHTaMMaMB CTpeHTOKOKKOB. Bee OTMegelllible KOJIe6aHHH
B MHKpO(JJlope 'CbIpa o6513aHbl TOJIbKO BJIHBHHIO COCTaBa 3aKBaCKH, TaK KaK
bO Bcex OHbITHbIX CblpaX He 6bIJIo Ha uie&O 6aKTepHOCpara it aHTaroHrI3Ma
Me>Kr 7 6aKTepHRMH TaK>Ke He yCTaHOBJIeIIO. B CbIpaX KOHJLHIIHOHHON 3peJ1o-
CTH o6Hapy>KeHbi ente CJIa6ble no KHCJIOT0o6pa30BaHHI0 MOJIOIIHOKHCJIble na-
JIOMIKH B KOJIHMec'I'Be 43-63% Bce13 MHKpO4)JIOpbI. OHH HpexTaBJIBJIH co6oi'I
OCTaTO1IHyIO MHKph(JJlOpy Ha'CTe'pH3OBaHH0I'O MOJIOKa, KOTOpa5I Ha11aJIa pa3-
BHBaTbCSI nocJIe BbIMHpaHHH OCHOBHOI3 MaCCbI 6aKTepHI3 3aKBaCK14. CTOJIb?
nbl.
OANH ins cblpos ron,nanucxoil rpyn
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B,wRHue HeKOTOpblx c/IaKTOpO6 Ha C80tIC as MOJIOgHOKUCIEbdx cTpeilTOKOKKOQ 77
CyHjeCTBeHHbre pa3JI1gH2 B COCTaBe MHKpOCPJI'OpbI OHbIT'Hblx CbIpOB 3Ila4If-
TCJib11O HOBJIHHJIH Ha Ilpoueccbl 6p0}KeHH5i.
KyJIbTypbl Sir. lactls B Cblpe I iBbI3bIBaJIH OAHOCTO'pOHHee rOMOCJepMeHTa-
THBHOe 6pO}KeHHe, B pe3yJIbTaTe Tiero aKTHBHaB KHCJIOTHOCTb 6bICTpo HOIBbILHa-
JIaCb H gep>KaJIaCb B CbIpe Ha BbICOKOM ypoaHe J10 KOHLIa ero C03peBaHHH
(pH=5,14-5,29). BbICOKaHI aKTHIBHaH KHCJIOTHOCTb B 3TOM Cblpe TOpMO3HJIa
pacna,a 6eJIKOBbIX BeHjeCTB 'H OTpHljaTeJIbHO BJIHHJIa Ha ero BKyCOBble AOCTO-
HHCTBa (KHCJI'OIBaTblI3, rOpbKOBaTbIf1), pHCyHo'K OTCYTCTIBO'BaJI, a KOHCHCTeHLHB
6b1,TIa TBepj o c TpelIHHaMH, 'ITO pe3KO HO11113HJ10 Ka4eCTBO
CbIpa. UOFIOJIHHT,eJIbiioe B'BeJ eHHe B COCTaB 3aKBaCKH KyJIbTyp Sir. paracitro-
vorus MaJIO H3MeHHJIO Ha'aJlbHyro BeJIH4HHy pH CbIpa (5,18), HO K KOHIjy CO-
:3peBaHH5l oHa HOBbICIIJIaCb Ao 5,41. 3TO HeCKOJIbKO yJIy4LHHJIO pa3BHTHe 6H0-
XHMH4eCKIIx HpOIjeCCOB B Cblp# H, KaK CJIeACTBae,- ero BKyC H pHCyHOK, HO
KOHCHCTeIIUHH Cblipa BCe e'Hje 'He 6bI.7Ia y,OBJIerBOpHTeJrbH'oJ3. Cblpbl 2 H 3, B
KOTOphix 40% BCC1 MHKpO Jlopbl COCTaBJISIJIH Sir. diacetilactis H 6po}KeHHe
IIOCHJIO reTepoCPe'pMe'1iTaTHBHbIIr XapaKTe'p, OTJIH4aJIHeb 6oJiee HH3KHM ypOB-
IIeM aKTHBHOIr KHCJIOTHOCTH (pH=5,22-5,42), LITO CHOCO6CTBOBaJIO 6oriee
6bICTpoMy a'BTOJIH3y 6aKTepaaJIbHbIX KJICTOK H yCH.1IHBaJIo pacna,r 6eJIKOBbIX
BeuieCTB. Ho aaHlIbIM KJIHMOB'CKOrO (1957), 9TH CblpbI HpH KOHAHIIHOHHOF3
.3peJIOCTH XapaKTepH30BaaI iCb 6oJree BbICOKHM Co,jepJKaHHeM CBo60-lHbIX
aMHHOKHCJIOT (Ha 55%), 4CM Cblpbl, Bblpa6oTaHHbTe Ha O,ILHHX KyJIbTypaX
Sir. lactis. BBeAeHHe B COCTaB 3aKBaCKH Ky.IIbTyp Sir. diacetilactis yJiy4-
IHaJrO Ka4eCTBO CbIpa, no caMyio BbICO~KyIO OLICHKy HO.IIytIIIJIH Cblpbl H3 BaH-
HbI 3, BbIpa6OTaHHble Ha KyJIbTypax Sir. Lactis H ,jByX BH,jaX apoMaTO06-
pa3yIoILIHX CTpenTKOKKO'B Sir. diacetilactis m Sir. paracltrovorus, CblpbI HMe-
JIH XOpOLHHI'I BKyC, pHCyHOK H KOHCHCTeHLIH10. DTH TPH BH,Ija C'rpeHTOKOKKO3
H BIBOARTCH B COCTaIB 3aKBaCKH JIJISI CbI'pOB rOJIJIaHJICKoI3 rpyHHbr.
Ka4eCTBO 3aKBaCKH onpe, eJISfeTCH He TO,IIbKO ee 6aKTepfiaJIbIIbIM 000Ta-
BOM, HO TaK}Ke yCTOllg3HBOCTbro 9TOFO OoCTaBa HpH Hepeca,jKaX B 3aBOACKHX
yCJIOBHHX. BbIHaJjelllie apoMaToo6pa3yIOHuHX CT'peHTOKOK'KOB 113 COCTaBa 3a-
KBaCKH H HpHMCHeiHHe OJjHHX KyJibTyp Sir. lactls, KBK MbI BH, C,1H Bblrue,
BCCbMa OTpHuaTeJibI O oTpa}KaeTCSI Ha KaileCTBe eblpa. H09TOMy HpII HOA-
60pC KyJlbTyp JJIH 3aKBaCKH HpHMeHHIOTCR LHTBMMbI cTpeIITOK0KKOB, VCTOII-
YHBble K 6aKTepaoq)ary (He HOKa3bIBaIOHjHe BH3HMOIJ '4YBCTBHTCJIbHOCTH
K i1CCKOJIbKHM BbIAe.JIeIIHbIM BHOBb Ha HpOH3BOACTB'e 6aKTCpHOIParaM) 11 He
HBJISIfOLLIHecHH aHTaroHHCTaMB HO OTHOIIICHHIO Apyr K Apyry. KpOMe Toro, BO
I136e}KaHHe HpHcnoco6.ieHHa (Para K KyJlbTypaM 3a'KBaCKII B 3a'BOACKHX
VCJIOBHHX CMe'Hy 38KBaCKII Ha 3aB0,je CJIe,jyeT IIpOH3BO;IHTb 4Cpe3 6-
7 jHeli.
BJIHSIHHE TEMHEPATYPbI BTOPOrO HArPEBAHHSI
HA MHKPOBMOJIOrHgECKHE HPOItECCbl B CbIPE
M14Kpo611oJIorH4ecIiie HpoljeCCbl cyLL eCTBeHHO H3MeHBIOTCH HOA BO3xCI3-
CTBHeM TeXIIOJIOrHIICCKIIX cJ)aKTO'pOB. Ba}KHeu1IIIHM 113 HHX HBJIHCTCA TeMHe-
paTypa BTOp'or0 HarpeBaIIHSi. HpII Bblpa,60Txe KOCTpOMCKOrO CbIpa Mb!
113y'IaJIH BJIHHIHIe HC6OJISIHHX OTKJIOHeHHr3 B TeMHe'paType BTOPOLO IIarpCBa-
HHa (3-6?), KOT'Opble HIIOrAa JjoHycKaIOTCA MaCTepaMH Ha H,pOH3BO,jCT'Be.
YCJIOBHH HpOBe, eHHH O'HbITO~B Te >Ke, 'ITO H HpH H3y4eHHH BJIHHHHSI COCTaBa
3aKBaCKH. B COCTB'B 3aKBaCKII BXOJIIIJIH TpH BHAa MO.IIO4IIOKHCJIbIX CTpeHTO-
KOKKO'B - Sir. lactis, Sir. diacetilactis H Sir. paracitrovorus - H He6oJlb-
IHoe KOJIH4eCTBO MO,IIOiIIIO'KHCJIbIX HaJIO~IeK (HpOH3Bo cTBeHHa'I 3aKBaCKa).
,aJIH H3y'eliH5r 6b1.TII1 B3HTbI TpH Te,mHepaTypbl BTOpOrO Harp.eBaHHN: 40, 43
Ir 46?. H'CBbILHeHHe TeMHepaTypbl BTOpOrO HarpCBaHIIH TOJIbKO Ha TpH rpajjyca
(c 40 Ao 43?) nph,B,OjHJIo K yMCHblleHH10 4H'C.IIa 6aKTepnf B eblp'e B ,riBa
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78 M. P. ru61ualan
pa3a (c 3200 Ao 1600 MJIH.) , a nOBbHueHne - na 6? (Ao 46?) Bb13bIBaJIO ri -
HIUKeHHC KOJIIIgeeTBa 6aKTepHu IHo11TH B rieTblpe pa3a (e 3200 Ao 900 Mau.).
C ueJIbIO BbIHBJIeFwB ceJlexuHOHHPYIoIIero aefCTBHH TeMHepaTy'pbl BTO-
poro HarpeiBalUB AeTaJIbHO 113y11aJIcH ~COCTaB 3aKBacxn, B3HTOH nepeA B11C-
ceII leM eC B cblp'HyIO BaHHy, H cblpa - B pa3llble nepHOAbI ero C03peBaHn51.
14ccJIejoBallne cocTa'Ba 3aKBacKH nOKa3ajIo, 'ITO Str. lactis cOCTaBJIH.TI t
60 % CO MHKpo4)JI'opb1, Str. diacetilactis - 39,6 % H Str. paracitrovorus -
0,5%. M0.109nOK11cJIble HaJIOIIKH BCTpe'aJIHCb B 0'-3CHb MaJIbIX KojIHl4ecTBax
(ennII1111IIble KJIeTKH B nOJIe 3peHHH npena'paTa 113 3aKBaCKI).
COCTaB MHKpOC1JIOpbI CbIpOB, BbIpa6oTaHHbIX Iia BTOH 3aKBaC'Ke, Cyuze-
CTBCHIIl 1113MCHRJICH HOA BJIHHHHeM IIe6OJIbnIHX OTKJIOHCIIHuI B TeMHepaType
BTOpOFO IlarpCBaHHA. I70'BbIHI0Hne TCMHepaTypbl Ao 46? OKa3bIBaJIO HeoAHI-Ia-
KOBOe IBJIIIBHHC Ha pa3BH'IHble r'pynnbl 6aKTCpHH. TaK, pa3BHTHe Str. diace-
tilactis JnpII 3TOII TeMHepaType pC3K0 HoAaBJI5JIOCb, H KOJIn'ICCT'BO HX B nepH-
oA MaKCHMaJIbIIoro pa3MH03KeHH 1 He npeBblruaTio 12,5% B'Cefl MHKpO4).1Opbl
eblpa, TOTrAa KaK B 3aKBaCKe HX 6bIJIO 3HagIITeJIbHO 60JIbine (OKOJIO 40%).
Pa3MH0}K'CIIIC MOJIO'IHOKHC?IbIX najIOiICK n'pH BbICOKOII TeMHepaType BTO-
p01'O IIarpCBallHH, IIa06opoT, aKTIIBH3HPoBaJlocb. B cblpe nOCJ1'C I1pe000Ba]IIISI
0,1111 coCTaB~xJIII 16,6% BCCR MnKpOCJJIOpb1, 11epe3 30 AHCR - 52% H 11epcs
75 Aneil - 72%.
IIpH 6onee H113KIX TeMnepaTypax BTOparO rlarpCBaFhH - 43 H 40? -
Ha6JIlOAaJI1ICb 60JIbIIIHC II3M0IIeHHH B COCTa'BC MHKpOC1JIOpbl Cblpa. Pe3KO
yCHJIIIBaJIOCb pa3BHTHe B 3THX cblpax Str. diacetilactis; Hx co ep}KaH11e A0-
CTIIrJIO 43-49% Bceli MHIKpOCpJIOpbI. KOJIM'ICCTBO }KC MOJIO-IHOKHCJIbIX HIa-
JIOlICK cIIJIbIIO nonH}KaJIOcb: npH TeMHepaType BTOpOro IlarpCBaHHH -43? --
B 30-AHCBIIOM CbIpe IIX 6bIJlO OKOJIO 25, a npn 40? - TOJIbKO 5,5 %.
Apo'MaToo6pa3ylo11U1C CTpenTOKOKKH Tuna Str. paracitrovortis BO BCCX
OIIhITIIbIX CblpaX COAep}KaJIH'Cb B MaJIbIX K0J1uhIeCTBax - 3-6 %.
FIp1I HOBbIHICHHII TeMnepaTYPbI BTOp,OFO Ilarpe'BaHllHH Ao 46? TaK)KC Ha-
6 1IO;l,a.7OCb 311agHTeJIbII0C noaa'BJicHne 6HoXHMH4Ie0KOI4 aKTHBHOCT1H MOJIOHhIO-
KIGC.TbIX CTpCHTOKOKKOB. LIITaMMbI CTpeHTOKOKKOB, BbIAe ICHnble 113 3TOr0
Cblpa B pa311ble nepHOAb1 ero CO3peBaHHq, 0,T Ha iHCb O~CIJIa6. eHHOR cn0C
HOCTblO K KHCJIOTO06pa30BaIInK) (30,H1I O
io 'IeTYiInX }K11PHbIX 'K11C."IOT, TOI;>,a
~lacTbIO erne HH}Ke) H K npoJYUHp 06-
KaK CTpenTOKOKKH 113 3aKBaCKH B 90% cJly'IaeB 6b1J1I1 aKTHBIIbIMII KIHCJIOTO-
O'6pa3O'BaTeJIHMH (0,8-0,99% MOJIOT4HOH KIICJI'OTbl).
BOJIee HH3KHe TeMnepaTypbl BTOIpOFO narpeBaHHH He T'OpM03HJI11 aKTHB-
HOCT11 6aKTe'p0l. TaK, B CbIPC c TeMnepaTypOH 43? HOLITM BCe CTpenTOKOKKH
(98%) 6bIJIn aKTHBHbIMH npojyueIHTaMH MOJIO'H011 KHCJIOTbI, XOTII KOJIH'IC-
CTBO HX 6bIJI0 B ABa pa3a HH}Ke, MeM IB CbIpe C TeMnepaTYPOR 40'. flo aiB-
JIeH11e pa3M110}Ke'HhB H a'KTHBHOCTH 6aKTCp1Ill B CbIPC C ee TarOTypo"b146?
npIIBCJIO K TOpMO}Ke'11M MO.IIOLIHOKHCJIOro npouccca. KpT
pa3BHTHe B 9TOM CbIpe MOJIOHHOKHCJIbIX naJIOtIeK BHCCJIO Cy1AeCTBeH1Ible 113-
Me'HeHn9 B npOI ece paenaaa 6eJIK0'BbIX Beu);'ecTB. IIO AaHmibIM KJIHMOBCKOTO
(1957), HaH6oJlee xapaKTCPI1bIM AJIR 3THX CbIpOB 6bIJio yBCJIH11elIHe KOJI11
'IeCTBa CBO6oAHbIx aMHHOK11CJIOT 11, rJla'BHOe,- noBbIUIcHne OTIIO,CllTe7IbHOF0
coAepBcaHH5 rJIyTaMHHOBOII KHCJIOTbI, KOTopall, no MHCII11I0 p5Aa aBTOpOB, 11 CJIy}KHT OAn11M 113 KOMnOHCHTOB, O6yC.BOBJIHBaK)rn.HX BKYC wB'eHuapCKOr0
cbipa. )jeiiCTBHTeJib1IO, KOCTpOMCKOH cbIp C TeMnepaTypoll BTOpol'o I-larpe-
BaIIHA 46? BO MHOrIIX cJIG'IaHX HMe.-i npHHbIII II ciaaI OBaTb11 BK\ CC, ICOBepa
nleHHO He TIIHn11HbIR AJ1a CbIpOB roJLIIaHACKOn rpy ,
n7OTHOII n TBepAoH, n OH HOJIy'11JI 6oJlee HH3KyIO KagecTBe1h1i '? On,CI1KY.
Cup c TeMneparypol BTOporo HarpeBaH11SI 40? HHorAa uMe.t K1IC?IOBaTb1H H
ropbKOBaTbI13 BKYC, IiCpaBHOMepHbIR 11 MCJIKHII pHCYHoK, HO XOpOrnylO KOH-
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BnuiHue HeKOropbex cbaKTOpoa Ha C8O1 CTaa Mono HO1 UCAbfx CTpenTOKOKKOe 79
CHCTelIIIHIO II HOTOMy HOJIygHJI 6oJiee BbICOKyIO OIjeHKy, tieM ripe-qbI,2YUt1lji.
CaIbIM .-lygL1il'I 6b1-i Cblp C TeMHepaTypoH BTOpOFO Harp-eBaHHH 43?. OH
IiMe.,I Hal16ojiee BbIpaMKeHHbIli, THIIHtIHblfi j7ISI KOCTPOMCKOFO Cblpa BKyC, XO-
polHHh paaCyHOK H YJOB,,TeTBOPHTeJIb1Iy1o KoIICHCTeIIIjIIIO.
TaKHM o6pa30,M, ,T aMKe He60j'IbIIIHe OTKJI0IIeHHH B TeMHCpaType BTO-porn
Harpe~BaiHfrH HpH HpOH3B0'jjCTBe KOCTPONICKOro Cblpa (Ha 3 H 6?) I3eCbMa
CyJIjeCTBeHHO BJIHSIJIH Ha KoamieCTBO, COCTBB H aKTHBI10CTb ero MHKPO(IJJIOpbr.
'TO, B C13OI0 oaepe,jb, H3MeH5I.I0 HanpaBJIeHHe 6HOXHMH~iecKHX IIpoueccoB
B cblpe II 3HagIITeahiio OTpa}KaJIOCb Ha KageCTBe. fl0BbJHIeHHe TeMHepaTypbl
BTOpOro IrarpeBallliB /,jo 46? HpiI HpOH3B0,I'CTBe KOCT'pOMCKOro CbIpa HBJIHCT-
cH IIe'T,onyCTHMbIM.
B HpOBe,ijeHIIII HCC.IejjOBa1IHII npHHHMa,TIa ygaCTHC 11. ff. l3e.IOycoBa.
BbiB0,I1,hi
1. C03o111Ible H3Me11CIIHH MOJIOKa oKa3bIBaIOT BJIHHIIHe Ha 61IOXHMH,leCxv1O
aKTHBIIOCTb MOJIOg1I0KHCJIhrX CTpenTOKOK'KOB. Ta3006pa3OBaHHe B Ky.,IbTypax
CTPeHTOKOKKOB B03:'0MKHo TOJIbKO 'npH HaJIHgfH B 'CpeAe Caxapa H i i pa"a.
Ila CHOCO6HOCTb K ra3o06pa3oBairirl0 6OJIbHIoe BJIHHIIHe O'Ka3bIBaeT Ha,IHgnle
B M0JI0Ke (iJaKTOpoB pocTa; H0-BHjjHMOMV, IIMeCT 31Iagellae TaKMKC c0. epMKa-
1-IHe B IIer CyXHX BeLgecTB. Pa3Jlligll i B ra30o6pa3oBaHTIJI Sir. paracitrovo-
rus HpII HepeBIIBKC Hy B MOJIOKO, HoJlygellHOe OT pa3Hbrx CTa,1, BbI313allbl
pa3Jl1r1lllbIM KOpMJIeIIHeM if CO;jepMKalIIfej KOpO'B, 110 'IIe pa3JIHgHfiMH B HO-
po,-jax.
2. BII,1OB01i COCTaB 6aKTCpHaJIbHOii 3aKBaCKII OKa3bJBaCT 6OJlblloe BJHISIHIIC
Ira MIIKpo61Io.uorHgecx1le npol4eccbl H xapaxTep 6poMKeaH2 B Cblpe. CbIpbl,
BblpatoTallHbic Ira 3axBaCKe, B Co'CTaB KOTOpoIi, KpoMe Sir. lactic, BXOJtH.IH
Str. diacetilactis IIJIII , OHO.~OHHTC:ObIIO elue Str. paracitrovorus, 6bIJIH caMo-
ro -iy nifero KageCTBa.
3. TeMII'epaTypa BTOpOPO HarpeBaIIHB HpH Hp0Tl3BOj(CT'Be CbIpa OKa3bIBae'r
6oJmIHoe BJIHHHHe Ha MHKpo6HoaTorHgecxlfe HpOIjCCCbI. LlaMKe iie60,1bIIIOC
HOBbIHIeHHe TeMHCpaTypbl BTOporo HarpeBalia Hpir Hp0 H3'B0;cTBe KOCTpOM-
CKOrO cbrpa Ha 3 H 6? (c 40 io 43 H 46?) BCCbMa CyujeCTBeHHO B.THHJIO Ha
06-beM II aKTHBHOCTb CPO MHKpO(jJIOpbI, OT'O, B ei3ofo oaepejb, 133MeIIa ro
XapaKTep 6p0'MKeIIHB II 3I1aglfTe.-fbH0 oTpaMKa.IO'Cb IIa ero KagecTBe.
JIHTEPATYPA
b 0 r A a H o B B. M. HOBble McTO5b1 npllrOTOBneHua IDHTaTe,mHb!x cpe j ,q.1s! alia.7113a MHKpo-
q).IIOpbI MO.IIOKa 11 MOJI0OHbIX npOsyKTOB. MHKpo5noJIoriH, 1950, T. 19, Bbin. 2, CTp. 147.
I- ill 6 in M a H M. P. 1-I3MeHgl[BOCTb MOJIOHHOKHCJlbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB. I. Z[HCCOUHagii reTepo-
C)epMeHTaTHBHbiX CTpeHTOKOKKOB. MHKpo6HOJiorH3i, 1948, T. 17, Bbin. 4, CTp. 278.
F H 6 In M a H M. P., A p H C T 0 B a B. A. li e p a 6 H H a E. H. H3MeHeHHe aKTHBHOCTII
M0.10YH0KHCJIblX CTpeHTOKOKKOB npH KyJIbTHBHpoBar1HH nX B MOJIOKe pa3HbIX Ce30HOB
TTTT ro. a. C60pHHK pecpepaTOB HayoHblx pa60T, 1957, Bbin. 4., CTp. 62, FIHluenpoM1H3.laT.
/.y C p a 6 H H a E. H. B,TIHHHHe Str. lactis H HX (~HJIbTpaTOB Ha pa3BHTHe B MO. OKC Str.
paracitrovorus. MHKpo6noJI0rH3l, 1956, T. 15, Bbif. 1, CTp. 72.
K JT H M 0 B C K H 0 14. H. OCHOBHble C)aKTOpbI, onpe,jeJlalolIlae HanpaBJleHHe 614OxH Mil~IecKHx
np01(e000B r'.pli C03peBaH1uf CblpoB r0JIJIaHaCK0ii rpynnbl. TJOKJ1. npoH3B.-TexH. KOH(Pe-
peHIjHH 0 Mepax lIOBblLIIeHHH KageCTBa CbIpa. I43,1. MOH-Ba HposblHIJl. MHCHbIX H MO-
,1oil11blX npo,IyKTO.B CCCP, M., 1957, CTp. 40.
K p y r Jl o B a JI. A. BJIHHHHe HeKOTOpblx (p aKTOpoa Ha 6H0JI0rn4eCKyio nodlHOgeaHocTb MO-
.10Ka. ABTOpCq)epaT .MlccepTauail. (C.-x. axa5. HM. K. A. TaMHpa3eBa), 1954.
C a JI y H A. C. BHTaMHHHOe naTaaMe ceJlbcK0x03ai{CTBeHHbrX MKHBOTHbIX. CeJlbX03rH3, 1944.
G i b s o n T. a. A b d e I - M a I e k J. The formation of carbon dioxide by, lactis acid bacte-
ria and Bacillus licheniformis and cultural method of detecting the process. J. Dairy
Research, 1945, No. 1-2, p. 35.
C z u I a k J. a. M e a n w e 11. Seasonal variation in Cheese Starter activity. Dairy Sci.
Abst. 1913, v. 15, No. 12, p. 991.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
IIOTPEBHOCTb B BHTAMHHAX H CHHTE3
HEKOTOPbIX BHTAMHHOB rPYlllibI B
Y KYJIbTYP STREPTOCOCCUS LACTIS
HCCJIeJOBaTeJIAM, pa60TaionI'HM B O6JIa'CTH MOJIO14HOH npOMbIHIJIeHHOCTH,
KaK Y Hac, TaK H B ApyrHX CTpaHax, XOPOIUO H3BeCTIIbI 4JaKTbI HeHOpMaJIb-
HorO CKBauIHBaHH5I MOJIOKa B onpeAe.3eHHble Ce3OHbI roAa (1{O'poJleB, 1932;
D461uMaH, 1938; Hunter, 1949). Ha YKpaHHe, B tlacTHOCTH, Hapylue,HHe Hop-
MaJIbllorO TeT-IeHHSI MOJIOLIHOKHCJIOrO 6po}KeHH5I, BbI3bIBaeMoro Sir. lactis,
Hepe,aKO napyluaeTCx B BeceH'xlH nepHoA.
BeCIiOi'I B COCTaBe MOJIOKa npOHCXO,LHT 3Ha'IHTeJIbHble H3MeHeHHSI: yMeHb-
ulaeTCH KOAHLIe.CTBo 6eJIKOBOrO a30Ta, CHH)KaeTc5I COAep}KaHHe }KHpOpaCTBO-
pliMblX BHTaMHHOB A H U, yMellbIIIaeTCH KOJIHT-IecTBO HeKOTO'pbIX BHTaMHHOB
rpynnbl B, H3MeH5ieTCH MHHepaJlbllbIl3 COCT3B (KopoJIeB, 1932; HHHXOB,
1956; aaBblg0IB C COTp., 1956).
H3MCIIe"H55I COCTaBa MOJIOKa Ile MOryT He OTpa3HTbC5I Ha 06MeHe Be-
IACCTB MOJIOOIIIOKIICJIbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB. OAHaKo B JIHTepaType eCTb (npaBAa
HeMHOl',OgHCJIeHHbFe) yKa3aHml, tITO Cp'eJH MOJIOLIHOKHCJIbIX CTp'enTOKOKKO'B
H3peAKa BCTpe Ia1OTCH KyJIbTypbI, Be,II,yn ne HOpMaJIbuo npollecc 6pO}KCHHSi
Ha npoTSI}KeIIHH BCCX Ce30IIOB rooa.
MbI BbI,3CJIHJIH 133 pblHOHIJO 3 CMeTaHbl IIeCKO.IbK0 KyJlbTyp Sir. laclis,
MaJIO 1IyBCTBIITeJIbllbiX K CC30IIHbIM H3MCHeHHBM COCTaBa MOJI'oKa. Y 3THX
KyJlbTyp Ila npOTH KCIIHII BCCX CC3OHOB TOAa COXpa'HSICTCSI BbICOKa5I oHepr1 I
KHCJIOTooopa3oBaIIH2, B TO BpeM5 KaK y 6oJIbIHHncTBa IlyleIOHI,HXCH B IlaluCM
paCHOp5}KCHIHI KyJlbTyp Str. laclls aKTHBHOCTb BCCHOII CHH}KaeTCSI.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, cpeAH KyJlbTyp Sir. lactiS KaK BbIAeJICHHbIx HaMH H3
CMCTaHbI, TaK H npOH3B0jCTBC'HHbIX MbI o6Hapy)KHJI4 ABe rpyH'HbI KyJIb-
Typ - iyBCTBHTCJlbIlblX K CC3OHIIbIM H3MeHeHHBM COCTaBa MOJIOKa H MaJlo-
IIVBCTBHTCJIbIIbIX.
IlacToHula5I pa6oTa HOCBSIW.CHa H3ytIeHIIIO noTpe6HOCTeH H CIIOco'6HOCTH
K CHHTe3y IIeKOTOpbIX BHTaMHHoB rpynnbl B y MaJloOyBCTBHTCJIbIlbIX H
HyBCTBHTeJIbHbIX KyJIbTyp Sir. lactic. B JIHTepaType CCTb Aa'HHble 0 nOTpe'6-
HOCTSIX _VIOJIOOIIOKHCJIbIX 6aKTe.pHH B pa3JIHT-IHbIX (jaKTOpax pOCTa, B TOM
ouc ie H B BIITaMHHax rpynnbl B (Niven, 1944; Collins, Nelson a. Parmelee,
1950; Anderson a. Elliker, 1953), nonyneHHble ma CHHTeTHBeCKHX cpe .ax.
OJIHaKO pe3yJlbTaTbl HCC.TIeAOBaHHH, HOJIy0IeHHbIC Ha CHHTCTHYeCKHX C'pe-
Jlax, He MOryT B nOJI'HOl Mepe JlaTb npeACTaBJIeHHe 0 noTpe6H0,CT5IX B BH-
TaMUHax y MOJIOtlHO'KHCJIbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB B HX eCTeCTBeHHOH cpeae --
MOJIOKe. E,qHHCTBe-HH013 pa6oTOK, Kacaloulefic i noTpe6HOCTei3 B BHTaMHHBX
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flOTpe6xocrb 8 (iUTanaux lx u cuNTeJ 8UTaAIUxols B y Streptococcus lactis
Y MOJI04'.IOKHC.IbiX HCI70CpC.1CTBC11110 lia XIOJIOKC, HH 1BeTCSf HCCTeAOBaIIHC
Op,ia-11e11CCiia, oJ1y6,TIHK0Ba1l1,o,e B 1936 r., KOr;Ia Vp0BeJlb 311811n11 0 BHTa-
MHHaX rpyiinbf B 6brj7 CHIC He,'IoCTaTOLJIIO BbICOK.
Upnf IICCJICJ0BaH11Hx Ha MO:IOKC, oCBO60B1Q0JIH0M OT BHTaMHIIWI3 aJcop6-
lilfeii aKTIlBI1pO3a1illbJM yr.JCM, Op-Ta-He1ICeii (Orla-Jensen, 1936) 11OKa3aJ1,
OTO MO,;'!OillroKHCJlbJe CTpeflTOK0KKII . io HopMa.TbIloro pOCTa H pa3MHo e1{18
IfypKJalOTcH B plf6o(j,Ta13-oHe If HaIrTOT'el{oBOfi KHCJIOTe. 3Ta pa60Ta H 60Jlee
H03A1111e IfcCJ1eJOBaH}IR .pyrlux aBTOpOB, Hp0Bej eIrr1bre Ha CHIITeTHIIeCKH\
CpeJaX, KaCa.THCb 3IIa4011;12 BHTaMIIHOB TOJIbKO J(JISI pOCTa H pa3MIIo?KeIIHB
MO.TiOgHOKHCJIb1X 6aKTe'pilk. Po.ab BKe BHTaMI0HOB rpynribI B B MOJIOgI OKHCJIOM
I
6pOBKeuuu 6ojiee CJ1oBKHa. 144 BJIHBHHe Ha 3HeprH1o KHCJIOTOo6pa3OBaHH51
V MOJIO'1H0K1IC~1bIX CTpe.ITOKOKKOB HO'1TH fie H3Vq elIo.
HCXO,ZH 113 3TOr0, Hef0MIIHIiiaB H TeBHJICBH4 J13YT[a.111 IIOTpC6IIOCTb Sir.
loctlS B BHTaMIN MX rpVHllbi B, 1ICO6XO;11{Mbl\ JJIH ]IX HOPMa,TIb1Ioro pOcTa H
KIICJIOT006pa3OBaHH5I, Ira C6opHOM MO.IIOKe pa3HblX CC30HOB r0,2a, ocnc6o-
BK;ICI{}IOM OT BIITBMIIIIOB HO MCTOJy OpJia-F cHceoa HpH ecTeCTBelIIIOM pH
(6,4-6,8). K Taxo:Nly Mo,7oKy ,Ia6aB.rHrJIcb B1rraMHlfbl B KJjarOTCo 13
plf6o(j)JfaBHIIe, IIIIKOTIIIIOBOIl KHC,10TC 11 HaTOTeoaTe Ca. OTCYTCTBIIC B Cpe,e
61IOTHl1a HPHBOJIIT K ocJIa6,ICIIIHO poCTa. ~06aB,'IeiIHC 614OTl{IIa aKTHBI{pyeT
pOCT Sir. fact1S (Ia6 1. 1). flo:ioBlilla Cpe-IICr0,T10POll J03hr OKa3a7aCb IICAO
c"IarotOt )Il. ;T:ISI I[OpMa;lbltoro IKeHH2 y pHJa xyJlbTyp
Sir, lactis, MbI yC1allOBNJHi, OTO Ha TaKOM BCCeHHCM MOJIOKC TOJIbKO MaJIO-
1IYBCTBHTCJIbHble KyJlbTypbI CHOCo61IbI o6pa3OBbIBaTb MHOPO MOJJO'-I'IjON KHCJIO-
TbI, B TO BpeMA Kax tJYBCTBHTCJIbHble KyJlbTypbI 1JyBKAa1OTC5I B Ao6awie1{HH
CMeCH BHTaMHHOB, COCTOHHIei 113 p060q)JIaBHIIa, HH'KOTHHOBON KHCJIOTbI,
HaTOTCHaTa Ca if 6rrori ria. JJpH Ao'6aBJIe1IH1J 3TO13 CMeCH BHTaMHIrOB K ne-
nOJIHOIIeHHoMy I3eCeIIHeMy MOJIOKy 3He!prHa KHCJIOToo6pa3OBaHHH Y 9YBC'rBH-
TC.TIbHbIX KVJIbTyp IIOBbrwaJlaCb. FloJo6Hoe BKC AeAcTBIIe OKa3bIBajlo Ao6aB-
JIeIIHe K BCCCHHCMy MOJioKy pH6o(J,'IaBHHa.
DiieprrH K11CJT0roo6pa30BarIHH Teciro CBa3aHa c 3IIeprHeli pa3MH0>K0HHH,
H 1-IYBCTBHTejlblible KyJlbTypbI Ha BecerrhleM MOJIOKC pa3MIi0BKa1OTCH B He-
CKOJIb'KO pa3 McJ,JIeHriee, 4CM Ma.1IO1IYBCTBHTe,>IbIIble. ;o6aBJIerIHe CMecIi
BIITaMHHOB, a TaKBKC nTII1oro pf6o(jJIaBIuHa x o6pa3i aM 11eHOJIHOIfedlHOro
MOJIOKa CTIIMV'JIHpoBa,;io poCl' If pa3MHOBKeHIIe 'IVBCTBIITC,'IbIIbIX KyJlbTyp,
'ITO 0Tpa31JJIOCb Ha I1OBbIHICIHIIi 3IIepI'HH KHCJIOToo6pa3oBaHHH, maJlotlyB-
CTBHTeJIbHbie )KC KyJlbTypbI B TeX BKe 06pa3I[ax MOJioxa HHTeHCHBHO pa3-
MHOBKaJ1IICb H Qlop-Ma.Tb1{O CKBOIHHB0JIH MOJIoKO.
UHTepeciio OTMCTIITb, 'ITO JO6aBJICHHe pH6o{j)JIaBHHa K HOJIIIOI);eHIIOMy
MOJIOKy BbI3bIBaJIO Ilapywehhife MOJ7otIIIOKHCJloro 6poBKeI!H51 V VI)BCTBHTCJlb-
IIbIX KyJlbTyp.
OtieBII,HO, BHeCCI1iba2 ;I03a p116o(PJIaBHIfa BMeCTe C PH6O(fJIaBHHOM,
HMeIOHLIiMCSI B JaIIHOM o6pa31je MoJIOKa, BbI3bI13aeT rHHCpBHTarnH033 U 1 pYAW HH-Ta MHKpo6H0AOrHH, BbIII. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ta6JIHIIa I
(Jompe6Hoemb Sir. lactis e eumaMUHaX KoMnneKea B a MOAOKe, ccac6oJicdeanou
om eumaMuxoe
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6po}KeHHft.
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B OTJIHgHe OT 1lyBCTBHTeJIbHblX, He Hy}KJIa1OTCA B ao6aBJIeHHH BHTaMl-1HoB
rpynnbl B K HeHOJIHOLIeHHOMy BeCeHHeMy MOJIOKy. 3TO H03BOJIHJIo HpC;1110-
JIO}KHTb, 4T0 MaJ1oLIyBCTBHTeJIbHble KyJlbTypbl CHOCO6HbI CaMH CHIITeBpOBaTb
HeKOTOpble BIITaMHHbI.
OAHaKO, C ApyrOH CTOpOHbI, MbI J10JI}KHbI 6bIJ1H y4eCTb, 4T0 MOJIOKO
SIBJIneTCB 4pe3Bb14afIH0 CJIO>KHOH H 113M0H4HBOH cpe&ou? IIpH pa3BHTHH Ha
TaK-OH Cpe,iC Y MOJIO4H0KHCJ1bIX CTpeHTOKOKKOB, BepOflTHO, B CBH3H C H3Me-
HeHHCM COCTaBa MOJIOKa MoryT H3MeID1TbC9 H HOTpe6HOC1H B TOM HmH HHOM
BHTaMHHe.
CJIOB.1IeHa
LTo6bl HOIHbITaTbc H OTBeTHTb Ha 'BOHpOC 0 TOM, 110M )Ke O y
pa3JIH4HaH 4y'BCTBHTeJIbHOCTb KylbTyp Sir. lactiS K ce30HHbIM H3MeHeHHHM
COCTaBa MOAOKa, IIyiKI:O 6bIJ10 O;1peAelHTb coAcp}Ka1He BHTaMHHOB rpyHHbl
B 'B o6pa3H,aX noJIHoueHHoro leTHerO H BHOJIHOI1CHHOrO BecenHero MOIOKa
H BbIRCIII-ITb, KaK :1OTpc6lIIOTCH 3TH BHTaMHHbI KylbTypaMH o6erx rpyr-H.
OHpe,aeleHHe 6HOTHHa, HHKOTHHOBOH KHCJIOTbI H BHTOTeHaTa BeloCb
MHKpo6HOAOr114eCBM McTOAOM, p160(IJJIaBHHa - CjJII0OpOMeTDH4CCKH.
OnpeBJ cIIHe coJ1 p}KaHHH p116o(p.naBHHa noKa3anno, 11T0 H JIeTHee H Be-
Tpe6
MHHa, T. e. xojIHOeCTBBa, 1 1lamji MHOOO peBbIIIlIaiOIW1e fl HOOT 0.3
1,1 M3TOrO 6oraTO
uO -
7
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
forne6Hocrb a euraMuHax u cuHTe3 6UTaAiuHoe B y Streptococcus lactis 83
HOCTb B HeM y MOJIOq}IOKFiCJIbIX CTpeHTOKOKKOB. TeM He Me-Hee IIaM V,iaJIOCb
YCTaHOBHTb pa3HHuy B HOTpe6HOCTH P116o4)JIaBHFIa H3 MOJIOKa pa3HbIX CP-
30HOB ro,ga (Ta6JI. 2). I4 Her0.1HOIjeHHOTO BeceHHero MOJIOKa KyJlbTypbI Stir,
lactis HOTpe6JIS1K)T 6OJIbuJe pH60CpJIaBH,Ha, qeM H3 JIeTHeiro, HPHgeM 4VB-
CTBHTeJIbFIbie KyJlbTypbI HOTpe6JIHK)T ero 6o uee HHTOHCHWIO, qeM MaJIo-
LIyBCTBHTeJIbHble.
Ta6nxua 2
Hompe6Aeeue pu6oc/IAaeuea A103 cYyec!l7eume3bHb1MU U jy6Cjn6UMeAb HbIMU KyAbmypa.uu
Sir. lactis u3 ececHHe2o it Aeiii o M('ACKO (i/MA)
Anpe.nbckoe
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K YJIbTyp Ll
O(TaJlocb
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KyJlbTypbl
H'OJIy4eHHble ppe3yJIbTaTbl He corJIaCyIOTCH C H3JIO}KeH,HbIMH BbIWC )laH-
HbIMII O TOM, 4T0 Tio6aBJieHue pH6O4JJIaBHHa K HenoJIHOueHHOMy BeCeFIHeMy
MOJIOKy CHOCOOCTByeT HOBb1HIe!Ia O pa3MI10}KeI1HA H KHCJIOTO06pa30BaHH51
3TIIX KyJ3bryp. B03MWKHO, 'T0 IiaCTH4HO 3T0 CBA3aHO C TeM, LITO paCTBOp
LIHCTOrO p460(IJ1aBI3Ha, )jo6aBJIeHHbIH B MO.TO':K,), 60Fee ,L OCTyue1l MHKpo6y,
LIeM pH60(jJ1aBHtI, COJJep3Ka1_I4 cH B MOJIOKe. gaTh HCgcppuIbIBaIOHjee 06-i c-
HeHHe 3TOMy 4)aKTy MbI B HaCTOHHjee BpeM51 3aTpyJlHHeMC51.
Flo co,'Iep KaHHIO 6HOTIIHa MOJIOKO pa3I-Ib1X CC3011OB roJla HeCKOJIbKO
OTJIHLIaCTCH. FIaMH 6bIJIO IlOKa3aHO, 4T0 o6pa3ubI JIeTHero MOJIOKa C0,2ep)KaT
60JIbIlle 6HOTHiia qeM 06pa3ubI BeceHHero MOJTOKa. 143 AaHHbIX Ta6JI. 3
BHJIHO, qT0 gyBCT'BHTeJlbHb!C KyJlbTypbl HOTpe'6JIHK)T H3 HeroJIHoueHHOr0 BC-
ceHFIerO MOJIOKa McHbule 6HOTHFia, qCM H3 JIeTHerO. OHH HO KaKHM-TO HpH-
LiHHaM He B COCTO5I111iH HCHOJIb3OBaTb JJJIR CBOC1i IIOP,Ma0bHO1.3 >K133}IeAex-
TeJ}bHOCTH HMCIOHjHHCH B BeCCHHeM MOJIOKe 6HOTHH.
Ta6.n~lua 3
17ompe6Aenue 6uotnuua MaA~~Iry ctrteumeAtx,t.aau u ItyecmeumennHbIMU KymrnypaMtt
Sir. lacks u3 ec'ceHHe&o U AC1fHe2o MOAOKa
(H Y/100 MJI)
MaJIO4VBCTI NTCJIbj,Ie gyBCTFHTeJIblible
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0,039 0,008 0
048
0,017 0,048
,
0,049 0,047 0
05
0,11 0,066
,
0,044 0,06 0,05
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
M1:10~1V'BCTBNTCJIbIIb[C KyJlbTypbl TaK}KC' IIOTPC6.IHTT 113 BCCCIIIICI'O NIQIII,-LIIO, 13 BCCCIHICI(M T 1'RT1li I03O.TICTHCFOOMO~`IOKaC} BOHx03pa1NTCJIbHO
ONOT
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IIO CO;ICp}Ka11N10 I10I[TOTCIIOB011 K11CO)bl I I1C, flCJ0BIaIiIII CbiaMO~C6pa3Ub,
JICTIICI'0 11 BCCCHIICTO MO.':OKa M(,wjiy `O 1
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h1{C. 1. ~OA(p>KaHHC' ^aHTOTPHOB041 KHCJIOTbl B AIIHaMHKe
pa3BHTH51 KylibTyp Sir. lactis B MOJIOKe (7 Ha I MJI).
.4 -- ManO IyBC1'B11Teahllan KynbTYPa; a - `lyncTBHTC.rmuaB.
9TOI'O BIITaMH41a B MO.IIOKC OKOJIO 3 y Iia I M.1. OHbITb} no OHpe;LCJIC1I111)
TIacTOTCIP0B0T[ KHCJPOIbi CTa.BI1JIIICb B rjNNaMNKe pa3BNTIIB KyJlbTypbl. H3 p'HC. 1
RH }1O, 'ITO Cy1II,CCTBe11IIb1X pa3JIIl414I1 B OOb10IIC Ha1IT0TelIOB0il KHC.gOTbI V
O6eHX rpyHH KyJlbTyp ]1C-I, B HCpBbIC 8-10 nac. pa3BHTHB KyJIbTypbl H;jCT
HHTCHCHBI1CbC H0Tpc6.ne11HC HaHTOTCHOB4 K1TC1[OTbI, 3aTCM - IIe3Ha0BTCJIb0bH1
(NHTC3, nepC;[yioH IIAC51 C HOTpe6JICIIHem. B03M0}KHO, OTO Y Str. lactis HMCCTC51
CJIa6aH CHOCO6HOCTb CHIITe3Hp0BaTb HaHT0TeIIOBy1O KHCJIOTY.
I/ICCJIe;jOBaHHe o6pa31jOB MOJIOKa pa3HbIX CC30H03 rO2a HOKa3aJlo, LITO
IINKOTHHOBOI1 KHCJPOTbI 11 BeceIIHCM MOJIOKC CO;jCp)KHTCH IICCKOJIbKO M01ibLUe,
heM B JICTHCM. FIOTpe6J[C11140 ee H CIIOCO611CCTb K C1,11IT03y H3yLiaJIHCh Ta'KMKe
B )j1[HaM11Ke pa3BHTHft KyJlbTypbl B MOJIOKC. Ham y;la.'IOCb yCTaHOBNTb pa3-
JIHRHC B OTHOHICHHII MajioiyBCTBHTeJlbHbiX H LIyBCTBHTe.lbHMX KybTyp~ K lill
B
KOTII~HOB01i K11CJIOTC (piC. 2). OKa3aJIOCb, 1TO H Te H ;IPVFIIC K) yp
HCpBbIC 8--10 qac. 11HT IICIIBHO HOTpC6JIH10T HHKOTHHOBY 1KH 1ONI Ta1BTHO-
CJIC.'Jj'iOI1LIIC T1aCi*l pa3314THH Ma,3OIIVBCTBIITe.IbUbIC KyJ Yp
C1!F1TC311p0BaTb. L[VBCTBFiTe0tW C >KC Ky,3hTypbl iic- 06.nI HK)T CHOCO6HOCTbK)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
17orpe6HOCTb Q 13UTOMIIHOX U curiTe3 BuTU;11UHoHH B y Streptococcus luctis 85
CHHTe3HPOB3Tb HHKOTHHOByJO KHCJIOTy, a IHMeIoIi[eecA 13 MOJIOKe KO.'1114eCTBO
3TOFO BHTaMHHa, 04eB11,1110, ,JJIH mix IIC;jOC'IaT04H0.
B .IIHTepaType eC1'b yKa3aJ171H IIa CIIO'CO6HOCTb MOJ104IIOKIICJIb1X CIpCIITO-
KOK'KOB CHHTe3HpOBaTb pH6oO)J7aBHH, o,1HaK0 3T0 ITCKOTOphlMi1 aBTOpa\ill OC-
I1apHBaeTCA (Me..iy30Ba, 1956).
C88
C88
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N
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O.5Zy
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r BPC.eHHee M01707f0 0,9y 41/78
07 Y".1 01~
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11 n. rl i yO(, bI
Puc. 2. Co i.cp aHHe HHKOTHHOBOI5 KHCJIOTbI i3 RNHamime
pa3BI1TT l Ky.HbTyp) Sir. lactis B MOJIOKe (B 7 Iia I MJI);
.1 - M21104YBCTI3HTeJIbllb1e KY.'IbTypbf; B - 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHbie.
JlaH11b1e }KC 0 CHIITC3C MOJ1041IOKIICJIb1Ml1 CI'PCHTTOKOKKa11I ;lpyrIIX BIiTa-
MHHOB 1'pyHHbi B, B OaCT'ITOCTH 1111KOTHHOBOIi KHCJIOTbI, OTCV1'CTByK)T. CoHTa-
JOT, OTO MOJI04HOKHCJIbI0 CTpeHT'OKOKKH HC O6Jla,garOT CHOCO'611oCTblO CH11Te-
311poBaTb BHTaMHHbI PpyHHbl B. BepOATHO, aBTOpaM, 113y4aI3HIHM I1OTpc6-
I1OCT11 B BHTaMIIHaX y MOJIO11HOKHC.7bIX CTPe11TOKOKKOB, Ile HpliXO,'11LJIOCb
pa60TaTb C KyJlbTypaMil, MaJI04yBCTBHTeJIb11bIMH K Ce30IITIbIM H3MCH01IHA\I
COCTaBa MOJIOKa, alia.rlorH11HbIMH HaIHHM KyJlbTypaM, KpOMC TO1'O, MbI He
HaXoJLHM B JIHTepaTypo HaHHbIX 0,6 H3ygeiiHH HOTpe6JICHHH H CHIITC3H BHTa-
MHHOB B BIIHaMHKe pa3'B11THH KyJIbTypbI.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, aaHHb1e 110 HOTpe6JIe'HHIo it CHocO'6HOCTH K C11IITC3V HQ-
KOTOpbIX BHTaMHHOB rpyHHbl B KyJlbTypaMH Str. lactic o6eHX rpvnn, KOTO-
pbIMH MbI paCHOJIaraeM B HaCTOHILI',ee BpeMH, yKa3bIBaIOT Ha Cyu1eCTBe11Hb1c
pa3JIHg11A Me%Jty 4VBCTBIITCJIbIIb!MII II Ma.704yBCTBHTeJJb11bIM11 Ky.-Ib1'ypaMI1_
075 0,84
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
86 M. B. TeauAeeue
Ma.r1o yBCTBHTeJlbHbie K ce30HHbIM H3MeHCHH9M MOJIOKa KyJlbTypbl oTJiH-
gaIOTCH OT gyBCTBHT'eJ1bHb1X: McHee HHT'e-HCH'BHbIM noTpe6JIe-HHeM p116o(~Jia-
BHHa, 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHbIM 1-1oTpe6JIeHHeM 6HOTHHa H CH0006HOCTbIO CHHTe-
311pOBaTb HH'KOTHHOBYIO KHCJIOTy.
Heo6xoJ1HMO TaK}Ke OTMeTHTb, LITO, KpOMe 3THX oCO6eHHOCTON, Ma.nogyB-
CTBHTeJIbHbIO KyJlbTypbl o6Jlap,aI0T 6oaee BbICOKOII npoTeo.IHTHgeCKOn aKTHB-
IIOCTbIO. Mo}KHO npe,2nOJiaralb, 'TO 3T0 CBO ICTBO, 1-103BOJ1Afl Jlerge H nojlHee
I[CnoJIb30BaTb Hy}KHble HM coeuHHeHHH a30Ta, oHpeaeJ15FeT AO HeKOTOpOH CTe-
[IeH11 nX OTHomeHHe K TOMy HJIH HHOMY BHTaMHHy.
Ma.logyBCTBHTeJIbHbie KyJ]bTypbl 6bl,nll Bb1,4eJIeHbl HaMH 143 CMeTaHbl B
ueceuHHH nepuo . MON(HO npeJIfOJ10}KHTb, 9TO OnHCauHble BbIlne CBONCTBa
~)THX KyJlbTyp Bblpa60Ta.IHCb y 11HX B pe3yJlbTaTe npHCnoC06.T1eHHfl K H3Me-
]IHIO111HMCH yCJIOBHHM Cpe,Bbl B pa3Hble Ce3OHbl roAa, 'ITO JIaCT HM BO3MO)K-
IIOCTb aKTHBHO BeCTH npouecc MO004HOKHCJIOPO 6p0)KeHHH Ha io.nolCe oio6oro
Mona roAa.
BbiBO Abi
1. Cpejiu Bb1JleJleHHbIX H3 CMeTaHbl H HpOH3BO1LCTBeHHbTX KyJ1bTyp Sir.
lactic yCTaIIOBJIeHO HaJIHgHe JRBYX rpyrln KyJlbTyp, gyBCTBHTeJIbHbIX K Ce30H-
1[bIM YaHo e ITO AAA MHOaH bHO O ypOCTBaT 11 KHCJ10T0o6pa30BaHHH
2. ycTCTBOBJIeHO, PMaJI
113yiIaeMblC KyJIbTypbl Sir. lactiS Hy}KAaIOTCH B p16o(jJIaBHHe, B naHTOTe-
ICOBOH 11 HHKOTH}IOBON KHCJIOTaX H B 6HOTHHe.
3. LlyBCTBHTeJIbTlble KyJlbTypbI Sir. lactis m 5i HOpMaJlbH0r0 pOCTa H
ICNCJIOTOO6pa30BaHHA Ha IICHOJ lioueHHOM Be,CCHHeM MOJIOKC Hy}KAaloTCSl B
ito6aBJ1eHHH K II-eMy C.MCCH BHTa-MHHOB, COCTOHIHeu H3 p16o()JIa:BH'Ha, HHKO-
T1111O'BOI1 ri nairTOTeHOBON KNCJIOT H 6110TMIIa.
4. Ma,(T0gyBCTBHTeJIb1b1e KyJlbTypbl Sir. lactic OTJIHgaIOTC 1 OT gyBCTBH-
TCJIbHbIX 60JIbnIet npoTeoJ111.TI1geCKOM aKTHBHO'CTbJO, CH0006HOCTbIO CNHTC-
3HpOBaTb HIIKOTHHOBYIO KHCJIOTy, McHee HHTeHCHBHbIM noTpee6JIeHHeM pH6o-
(IaaBHHa it 60JIee HIITOHCHBHbIM - 6110TH1ia.
JII4TEPATYPA
F H 6 in Ni a H M. P. H3yrICHHe 6HOxHMHgecKHX CBO1ICTB MOJ10OHOKHCJ1bIX CTpenTOKOKKOR.
MIIKpo6HOaorHH, 1938, T. VII, Bbin. 7, cTp. 875.
I' Ii 6 m M a H M. P. H3McHgHB00TI MOaOMHOKI1cabiX CTpenTOKOKKOB. MHKpo6H0a0rHH, 1944,
T. 13, Bbin. 5, Up. 238.
a R b1 T 0 B P. 13 , r y JI b K 0 J1. E. B E p m a K o B a M. A. OCHOBHble BHTaMunbi B MOJIOKC
Ii MOJIOgHbIX npOayKTaX. IZHHiefPOM11333T, 1956.
V4 ii H x 0 B F. C. 13HOXHMnIo MO,OKa H M0T1011Hb1X npO3yKTOB. f-flfluenpoMH33aT, 1956.
K 0 p 0 a e B C A. OCH03b1 TeXHH9ecKON MiiKpo611oaonHH MOaolHOro aeaa, 1932.
M e a y 3 0 B a A. A. lyTH o6o7amenu9 MOa0OIIb1X 9PO3yKTOB BHTaMHHaMH C nOMOU1b o
MHKpooprauu3M0B. ABTOpe(~epaT AuccepTaIII! H. 1956.
A n d e r s o n A W. a. E l l i k e r P. H. The nutritional requirements of lactic streptococci
isolated from starter cultures 1. Growth in a synthetic medium. J. of Dairy Sci.,
1953a, v. 36, N 2, p. 161.
A n d e r s o n A. W. a. E l l i k e r P. H. II. . J. of Dairy Sci., 1953b, v. 36,
N 6, p. 608.
(C, o I I i n s E. D., N e l s o n E. R. a. P a r m e l e e C. E Acetate and oleate requirements
of the lactic group of streptococci. J. of Bact., 1950, v. 59, N I, p. 69.
1-1 u n t e r G. J. Growth requirement of lactic streptococci. Differences within the group. J.
of Dairi research, 1949, v. 16, N 2, p. 152.
N i v e n C. F. Nutrition of Streptococcus lactis.
t te S n o g act., (1944 D. 4, N 4m,,p. 343. Vitaarf 43. der
Orla -Jensen S., Otte H. C., Agn 434.
Milchsaurebacterien, 1936, Zbl. filr Bact., 1936, II Abt., Bd. 94, N 19/23, p.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1'. A. Hoouicoea, ,9. A. HeTpoaa,
B. 1'1. VIuaKoea u E. H. JeocbuJzoea
~05PA3OBAHHE AHAIJETHJIA H AL[ETOHHA MOJIOgHOKHCJIbIMH
CTPEEITOKOKKAMH
(i(acpe,apa MHKpo6HooorHH MrY)
HOcBJICHHe apoMaTa MOJIOLIHOKHCJIbIX npOJjyKTOB CBR3aH0 C. 06pa30BaHHeM
?gHaueTljjla M0JIOi1HOKHCJIbIMH CTPCHTOKOKKaMH. 3TO coeJjullelme, TaK MKe KaK
H aueTOrH, npojjylH,pyeTCH npH oHpejeJI-exxbix yC,.IIaBUAx HexoTopbI,MH MOJIOq-
IfOK1ICJlblMH CTpeUTOKOKKaMH,
XHMH3M o6pa3OBaHNfl 3THX coe}j1HeHHN He BBJI IeTCfl OKOH9aTejibH0 Bbl-
RCIIeHHbIM. f1aH60JIbLHHM npH3HaimeM nOJIb3yIOTC5`I HCCJICJ.OBaI1HH XaMMepa
H Ba6ejin (Hammer a. Babel, 1943), KoTOpble CnHTaIOT, qTO apoMaTOo6pa-
3yfoHjlle 6axTepHH OCyweCTB.,InIOT OJuloBpeMCHHO 113a npouecca: 1) npe-
Bpanje1IHe FJIIOKO3bi B MOJIOtHyIO KHCJIOTy H 2) o6pa3oBaime H3 JIHMOHrioif
KIICJIOTbI 9eTbipeXyrJIepoJjHbIX COei uueHHfi. AHaJIOru9Hble B3rJIA,gbi BbICKa3bf-
BaJIHCb H gpyrHMH ygeHbIMH (Van Beynum a. Pette, 1939; Virtanen, 1937;
Prill, 1939), CLIHTaBHIHMH JIHMOH+Hy1o KHC.TOTy HCTO4HHKOM o6pa3OBaHH5I JjH-
1I1eTHJIa H ar eToulia.
KpeuH H BajmK (Krenn a. Valik, 1952), a 3aTeM HeTC (Pette, 1951)
nbICKa3aJIH HpeJjHOJIOMKeHHe, 4TO npH C6pa)KHBaHHIi TIHMOHIION KHCJTOTbI apo-
MaToo6pa3y1oLIurMH 6aKTepriHMH 06pa3yeTCH HeCKO,IbKO npOMe)KyTOgIHbIX CO-
CJ(HHeHH13 H Cpejji HHX - nHpOBHHOrpajjHafl KHCJIOTa.
1-H6IDMaH (1939) yga.nocb ycTaHOBHTb Ha KyJlbType Streptococcus lactis,
4T0 ;io6aBJIeHHe K MOJIoKy 0,3% HHpOBHHOrpajjlIOil KHCJIOTbI CyrUeCTBeHHo
13;1H51eT Ha BbIXOJj 'leTbIpexyrJJepOJIHbIX COeaIJHCHHii B CTOpOIIy HX pe3KOro
VBe,iHoieIIHn. K CO}KaJIeHHK), cpe,joil juin OnbiTilblx 6po)KeHHK CJIy}KJIJIO MO-
.QO)KO, B KOTOpOM HapHJiy C JIaKTO3Ofi COJZepMKalacb JIHMOi111aM KIICJIOTa.
R.mi JjoKa3aTeJIbCTBa TOFO, 1TO HHPOBHIIOrpaJjHafl 1CIICJIOTa JjeiiCTBIITeJIb-
If() CJIVMUfT OJ[HHM H3 npOMCMKyTOLIHbIX coe;(HHeHHi3 B npoueCCe 06pa30Balru5`I
tICTb1pexVr,ri po,gllbJX coejui11eliHli, JII1MOHHaR KHCJIOTa B CpC,ge 6bIJIa 3aMelIe-
Ita HHpOBHHOrparjlrof.
O6-b('KTOM HCCJIeJjoBaHlfl CJIy)KH.IH Ky.nbTypbl Sir. lactis if Str. diacetilac-
ii. i>>, Bb1,,CJIe11HbIC B HHNIT1 113 HpOH3BO CTBeJ111ofi 3aKBOCKH. KV,TIbTypbi
II OJjJICI)>KHBaJIIICb Ha 06paTe MOJIOKa 11 uepeceBaJII,ICb '-Iepe3 7-10 9Hef.
j)IIbITHbIC 6pOMKeHH5I npoBojijiIHCb npH 30? B KOHH4eCKHX KOJ16ax Ha 500 MJI,
SKCHHB. UJIq pa60Tb1
licnojlb3oBajlacb Cpej(a (50rua11oB, 1957) cJlcuyfonlerO CocTaaa: HenTOna - -
1 %, rJiiOKO3bl - I %, Kann i FH1MOHiIOKHCJIOro - 0,5%, FHJPOJIH3aTa MOJIO-
Ka - I % K2HPO4 H KH2PO4 - 0,05%.
HpeJlBapHTeJlbiible OilbiTbl rloKa3aj'H, TITO o6e nccJleAyeMble KyJIbTypbl
xoporuo pa3BHBaiOTCST Ha BTOi1 cpe;te, HO pe3KO OTJnlgafoTCH ojiIa or upyroil
CBOHM OTHOI11C11HCM K JiHMOHHOII KHCJIOTC (Ta6Jr. 1) B COOTBeTCTBHH C JIan-
HbIMH IZHMCHOBOFI (1958). T a b aIl q a I
Pa38alnue Strept. diacelilactis it Sirepi. lactis as cpe e c e/uON03011 It lubloHH0I7
KUCJOm011
pH
r1oTpe6J1euo.
C6pa3oHa
--- -- -----
nocb, mM/n
M It Kpoopra It H 3M b1
Ha4aJlb-
II, e
KOne'I
1100
nHMOH-
HON
KIICJ70-
TI,1 I
CJIK)KO-
31,1
H011
"'to"
Kl11'JIO-
Tbl
neTy-
yHX
KH(-Jio'1
aqe-
TOHIIa
111alIeTl1J1a
diacclilactis
Sir
5,11
4,115
'22,3
34
22,7 3,2
.
Str. lactis . .
5,2
4,3':
18,5
8
12,5 0,421
1'13 uanllblx Ta6JI. I BIIJI,00, 'ITO Ha cpeue boruaHOBa Sir. diacetilactis
c6pa>KHBaeT JIHMOHIIYIO K11CJ10Ty H o6pa3yeT 3HallHT0JIbHble KOJIHgeCTBa ull-
aueTHJIa II auCTOlilla. S`r. lactis 110 nOTpc6.nSIeT JiHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbI H H3 `IC-
TblpeXyr,IepoAIibTX coe,IIIieiiHil o6pa3yeT TOJIbKO auCTOHii.
EC.nH yuaJiHTb 113 CpCubl BoruaHOBa JIHMOHHy}O KnCJIOTy, TO OKa3bnnBaeTC5I,
'ITO 6po>Keiine Str. lactis HO1TTH He 113MeHHCTCH, 3aTO CpepMen T arHBlraBB ue-
9TCJIbl10CTb Sir. diacetitactis pC3KO McHfteTCSI - KyJlbTypa HepeCTaeT o6pa-
30BbIBaTb TleTblpexyr,,TepOuHbl0 COeAHHeHHH, H CuHHCTBeHHbIM npOJLyKTOM 6po-
Nieii119 (KpoMC J1CTVIIIJX KHCJIOT, KOTOpbIX 06pa3yeTC9 04ellb IIe31Ia9HTCJIbIi0C
KOJIil'ICCTBO) CTallOBIITCH MO.IIO'-IHaH KHCJIOTa (Ta6Ji. 2). T a b Jt N u a 2
Pa30aalue Sir. diacetilactis H Sir. lactis Ha cpede c ZAIoK0306
Sir. IL0r1'lilaciis .
Sir, lochs . . . .
pll fOTpc6-
J1CHO
rJ11C11C
I189.UAb- KOIICI HUM/JI
Hoc Hoc
5,5
24
O6pa3OHaJIOCb, 111MI.?I
M O,fIO~OI011 I JICTV''I HX aHC'olllla IiiU e'l li:la
K11(J10Tb1 KHelIOT
12
14,5
2.4
8,11)
C:ICuw
0,511
HnTepecno OTMeTHTb, 'TO XOT51 KyJlbTypa Sir, lactis He noTpe6JineT .n11-
MC11110H KHCJIOTbI, HpHCyTCTBIIc ee B Cpeue Be; eT K HOBbIIIIeHHOMY nOTpe6Jle-11 1111io IJilOKO3bi H yBCJiH9eHHIO BbIXOua MOJIOLIiIOH KHCJIOTbI, !KOTOpOH Ha Cpeue
C 0,[11011 i'JIIOKO3OH C6pa3yCTCH ITOLITH BJIBOC Menbnle.
C.'iCU0BaTeJib1IO, K111K noKa3aJlH npelBapHTeJlbHble OnblTbl, KyJlbTypa
Sir. diacetilactis o6pa3yeT 3HaIHTeJIbHble KOJTHUeCTBa JI,HaueTHJTa m aucl'o-
Hlla B HpHCYTCTBIIH JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbI B Cpeue.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
06pa30eaHUe duat(eTUna u at(eTOUHa MoliO NOrcne/ln(Mtl crpenTOKOKtca int 89
Sir. laciis tie C6pa]KHBaeT JIHMOHHO>I KHCJIOTbI It r13 0CTbIPexvr,rinpOJjHbrx
COejuineiiiiii 06pa3yCT TOJIbKO aIIeTOHII, KOTOpblli, HO-BFIAIrMOMy, HOJIy'iaeTCH
113 r.1ioK03bI.
Ec. it JIHMOHIIyJO KHC.TOTy B Cpe,3e 3aMeHFITb nitpoBHF orpa.'[I10fl, TO
If B OTOM CJlytlae o6e IrCCJlejlyeMble KyJlbTypbl o6Hapy}KIIBaIOT XOpo11]ee pa3-
6HTIIC. OAFtaKo B HplJCVTCTBIIH HHpOBHFIOrpaAFioj KFICJIOTbI XOj (po?KeHHH V
Sir. lactls CyIIIeCTBeHFIO H3MCIIHCTCH. KaK yKa3biBaJIOCb BbIIIIe, 3Ta KyJIbTy-
pa o6pa3yeT To/IBKO aueTOHII II He IjaeT AHalieTHjia: CCJIH )KC B cpeje eCTb
MIPO13HIrorpaAHaH KHCJIOTa, TO BbIXOA AHaueTHJIa AOCTIlraeT 3HaLlIITe.ThHUX
BCJIHT1HII.
TaROM o'6paMGM, KVJIbTVpa, paHc'e ire o6pa3C'BbI'BaBHraB HaIIf TII.,T.1 B ;Tpli-
CyTCTBNH HHpoBHllorpa,1uo0 KHCJIOTbI, CTaHOBHTCH XOpOIHHM apoMaTO06pa3o-
BaTeJICNI.
B JjaJIbIIei wcM 6bIJIO HpOBefIcHO H3yoeIIHe BJIHHHHH pa3JIHgHbrx KOJIHOeCTB
HHPOBHHOrpa,q,HOU KIICJIOTbJ B cp,u(e Ha o6pa3oaaxxe neTbrpexyrJTepoAHbix co-
eJ[HIIetIHH o6011MIr BHjjaMH CTpenTOKOKKOB.
,gaHllbre AJIH KyJlbTypbI Sir. d aceillactls HpeACTaBJIeHbl B Ta6JI. 3.
Ta6amua 3
Pa3eumite Sir. diacelilactis no cpcde c pa3nu'IHVt,u r Koauucentea3u nupceuucepaducu Kucnorn
^1 NUI
N,Ow,t,oil I ueTY~Mo
0,02
11,1
17,0
7.2
C.'1CA L1
0,10
5,4
4,5
6,1
28,2
2-"/,
0,5[i
30
0
0,`5
1
1.~1
18,4
29,0
7, It
`3,10
,
1
14
0,35
5,/t
4,8
22,2
38
0
10
0
3
10
,
O
iiO
~
,
,
,
1,;,(1
,
0
3
5
,0
/11,0
27,/t
2,20
1,05
,70
5,7
5,3
-
59,0
-
1,80
0,911
H3 AaIIIIbnx T?a61I. 3 BFIAHO, TO HaH60JIbwfH BbIXOA 0I0TbIpexyr,3epo,t[Flblx
cOeAunCIIHU noJly,laeTCH Hpo1 CoAepx{aHHH B CpeAe 0.2-0,3% IIHpoBlnlorpaA-
HOIi KHCJIOTbI (COr/TaClio C AaHHbIMH 1-H611jMaII, 1939). IIpu AaJIbHCLIweM
yBeJIH4eIIHH coi ep}KaHHH HHpOBHHOrpa,rHOH KHCJIOTbI KOJIHIICCTBO jIIaIIeTII.)Ia
o allCTOHHa yMCHbwaCTCH. HHTepeCHO OTMCTHTb, 4TO C yBe/iJIIICHHeM KO:111-
'eCTBa fHHpoBFIHorpa. nroii KIICJIOTbI B Cpe. e pOCTeT HOTpe6.TeHHe rJIIOKO3bI
H 06pa3yCTCH 60.IbHloe KOJIH4eCTB0 MOJIOUHOrI KHCJIOTbI, T. C. KyJibT'pa CTa-
0O311TCH 60JIee BHeprHHHbtM KHCJIOTOo6pa30BaTeJIeM. TaK, eC.'III MaKCHMyNI
c16pa3oBauHH AHarjeTH.Ta H aIeTOHHa HaxoAHTCH npH 0,35% nHpoBHHorpall-
110fl KIiCJIOTbI, TO IraH6oJIIbruee KOJIIIgeCTBO MOJIOgHOfi KHCJIOTbI o6pa3yeTC5f
npH co)tcpxcaiiHn 0,7% fHpOBHHOrpaAHOH KHCJIOTbI B Cpe,gc.
AHaJIont,m Ie AalrHbre 6b1.7IH HOJlytreHbl AJIH Sir. laciis (Ta6JI. 4).
KaK BHAIio H3 jaiiijbIx Ta6JI. 4, MaKCHMaJIbHOe KO.IIHIICCTBO AirageTHJIa
o6pa3yeTCH B 3TO1'I KyJlbType HIM Co,[ep}KaHHH 0,1-0,3% nHpOBIIIIOrpaAlroN
KHC.TIOTbI B Cpefe. HliTepecrro OTMeTHTb TOT q)axT, TO B Ky3bType Sir. laciis
BbIXOA ageTOHHa paCTeT C YBeJIHtICHHeM npoueHTa HHpOBHHorpaAIIOH KHc,no-
TbI, H HaH60JIb1IIee KOJIH9eCTB0 alleTOHHa (8,227 mM/Ji) yCTaHOBJICHO npH
0,6% nHpOBHHorpaJIHON KHCJIOTbI B cpefle. Ha cpefle c ;io6aBJI0H;IeM
nopOBHHOrpa) Ho i KHCJIOTbI K rJI10KO3e 6po>KeHHe HAeT He Xy}Ke, LIeM HpH AO-
6aBJIeHHH JIHMOHHOIi KHCJIOTbl. KOJIHgec1BO AHaueTHJIa H aueTOHHa H HX CO-
OTItOlHet1 Ha 06eHX KHCJIOTaX oAHHaKOBbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
F. A. Ho6UKoea, 3. A. Herpoea, B. H. YtuaKoea u E. 11. (Peo(uioea
Ta6nHua 4
Pa3eumue Sir. laclis Ha cpede c pa3AU11Hb1MU MlulcecmeaMU nupoeunoepalHO9 Kucnonwc
Kon"' errro
Ilo
Tpe6neno
O6pa3oean
oCb, mMln
TWO] HHO-
rp%1:Tit 011 KH-
CJIOThI, ?-n
r
JlIOKO3h1,
MOJIO"11011
nLM'n
K41(nOThi
neTyvlix aueTOHila 0uallIeTmia
KHCJIOT
1
0
5,2
4,4
13,2
15,77
10,56
1 ,264
1,257
,
2
0
5,0
4,5
16,2
29,60
13,28
3,187
1,193
,
0
3
5,2
4,1
17,4
34,40
15,02
5,128
1,464
.
4i
0
5,5
4,4
23,4
43,20
12,50
5,?85
0,635
,
0,6
5,2
4,6
32,7
51,60
12,73
8,27
0,391
B npouecce pa6oTbI yCTauoBJIeHO, LITO Ha'IaJlbHbI1'I pH Cpeabl HMeeT OLIeFib
6OJIbIIIOC 3HageHHe 11151 pa3BHl'H5`1 Str. diacetilactis it o6pa3oBaFIH 1 4eTblpeX-
yr.ICpo]wcTblx coumieHHH. H03TOMy 6bIJTH HOCTaBJIeHbl OHbITbI Ha cpeAC c
HHpoBIuorpaJlHou KHCJIOTOH 11 rJI1OK?030Fi c pa3JIHII'HbIM HaL1aJIbHbIM pH : 7,2;
5
6
Jr.
.
6,1; 5,4; 4,3. Pe3yJIbTaTbl OIIbITOB HpeACTaBJ1CHbI B Ta
Ta6nHua 5
Bnu1HUe PH Ha pa3eumue Sir. diacelilac'is Ha cpede c eAoKo30a u nupO6tLHO padnoa
KUCJIOmoa
H a'IaPb- 4401'C'I-
lICe HKe Ha pKaHbIX CpejjaX, B KoTOphie A06a-
13JI2JiH 3 MJI rH)jpOJIH3aTa KapTOCpeJIH H 2 MJI rH,rjpoJIH3aTa Tilonima Ila 100 MJI
cpeJlbl.
AHaJIH3Hpysi KapTO(peJlbllble H px(anble cpeJjbl, KOTOpbIC 6bIJIH npHMCHeHbI
B HauHHX HCCJIeJOBaIIIrHX, MbI yCTaHOBHJIH, LITO OHH OT.nH9aIOTCA MCMKAy co6oii
KOJIIILICCTBOM pa3I1bIX q)opM a30Ta. TaK, no AaIIHbIM Haimix HCCJICJ[OBaHtiff B
KapTO(~eJIbHOi-i cpeAe coJjepMKHTCSI aMHHOKIIC.IIOT 16-20 Mr%, noJllinenTH-
AOB - 10-14 Mr%, HeopraHHgecKHx co.nei - 7-9 Mr%; B p>l(aHOfi cpeue
aMHIIOuHCJIOT- 6-8 Mr%; fOJIHnenTHJjoB - 0,1-0,3 MI-% H i-ieopranHLle-
CKOrO a30Ta - 4,5-6 Mr%.
HOJIyLICHHbl'e aa'HHble HO3BOJISIIOT 'IIpCJTjiiO:IO>KHTb, LITo IIe6Jlaronpnsll9ibie
yCJIOBHll JI;JIA pOCTa H 6pwwKeHHB 6yTHJIOBbix 6aKTepHfi Ha 1)MKaHOrf cpeAe
06YCJIOBJICHbI HeJjOCTaTOLIHbIM KOJIHLIeCTBOM B iiefl paCTBOpllMbtx coeAlIHerlHlrl
a30Ta.
14TO6bi npOBepHTb 3TO nOJIOMKenne, MbI H3ygaJIH o6Meli a3o,ra y 6yTHJIOBbi:(
6aKTepnll npH pocTe HX Ha KapTO(penblIOit H p)Kaiioi3 cpe,Ijax, a TaKMKe Ha
pKaHO14 Cpejje, K KOTOpOI3 Ao6aBJIHJIHCb HeKOTOpble HCTOHHHKII a3OTa.
HCCJIejOBaHHSB HpOBOJ[HJIHCb B AHHa'MHKe poCTa KyJlbTypbl HBO Bp~eMH HaH-
FO.aee HHTCHCIIBHOrO pa3MHOMKeHH51, B nepIiOJ nOJmHOro HC'Ie3iiOBCHH5i KpaX-
MaJla H K KOHgy 6poMKe.HnB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
KOJTH4eCTB0 aMH1TOKHCJIOT H nO.JIHne,HTHJO'B 'B Cpe;le H B KyJlbTypaJIbHOH
)KHAKOCTH onpe.eJI51J10Cb McTOAOM CHH'pTGBOrO THTpOBaI-IHSI, no BHJIbHITeTTe-
py H BaJIbRLuMnJjT-JIe1TUy, B BO/LLIIO-CnHpTOBbIX 50 H 80?-HbIX paCTBopax
(HBAHOB, 1946). HeopraHH4ecKHH a30T onpeJeJIHJIc51 J[H14y3HOHHblM CHO-
Co6oM 110 KoJIH4eCTBy BbIAeJIHBIllerOCH aMMHaKa (BeJl03epCKHH H HpOCKypH-
KOB, 1951).
PIIC. 1. Jj11HaMHKa 1T:MeHenHSi p23HbIX (1)ofM asoTa B Iipouecce pocTa
Ha pa3Hblx cpelaax IHTaMMa No 155:
H 4- IleopraHH4ecKHa a30T; 2 H 5 - HOJIHHenTHIIbI; 3 Ii 6 - aMHHOKHCP.OTbl.
CHJrowua51 JI LHH - KapTo4)e.1b1ast cpe;la; HyIiKTHPHaH - P}KauaH cpetta
Ha pue. 1 Ilpej,813JIC11a JHHaMHKa H3MCIICIIHSI pa3JIHgHbIX (IJOpM a30Ta
B BpouCCCC pocTa na pa3nbIX cpeilax y LHTaMMa 155.
B Ta6J1. 1 IOKa3allbl H3MCHeHHH KOJIH4CCTBa a30Ta aMHIIOKHCJIOT, rIOJIH-
nenTHJIOB H neOprala4ecKax coJIeH cpeabl npn pOCTe BCeX I-ITaMMOB Ha Kap-
To(peJlbHO}I It p}Kano13 cpe,gax.
KaK BHJ1H0 H3 )jaHHbIX, npHBeJJe11IIbIX B Ta6.I. 1, 6OJIbLIIHIICTBO LHTaMMOB
6yTn loBblx 6aKTepHH npH ~pOCTC Ha KapTO(j)eJlbllou cpeJe noTpe6JIHeT 113
Hee 60JIbnIe aMHHOKHCJIOT, 4eM 113 p}KaHOH CpeAbi. OAIIaKO 1Ia KapTO(j)eJIb-
HOH cpeae 061uee KoJIH4e'CTBO aMHHO,KH'CJIOT 3a rice BpeM5 Ha6JIIoacimn,
(70 qac.) MaJI0 MCHHCTCH no cpaBHCHHIO C IICXOAIION (CTepuIJlbl1OH) CpeIjOH,
TaK KaK B npouecce POCTa 6aKTepHH HpOHCXOJHT H HaKOnjIeHHe HeKOTOpOro
KOJIH4eCT'Ba aMHHOKHCJIOr. KOJIH4eCTBO }KC HOTpe6JIeHHbIX n0JlHnenTIMOB B
npouecce POCTa Ha o6enx cpe, ax cyLueCTBeHI1o He OTJIH4aJIOCb. C.n('JycT OT-
McTHTb, 4T0 XOTH KOJIH4eCTBO noJIIInerITHAOB B CTepl JIbHOH p}Kanoi cpeue
3Ha4HTeJIbIIO McHblLIe, 4eM B KapT04)e.nbHOH, B npouecce pocTa Ha 3TOH Cpe-
JI,C (K 16 ac.) CaMH 6aKTepHH BbIJjeJISIIOT IIX, a B nocJleayloLUHe 4acbl POCTa
31Ieprn4no nOTpe6JIrIOT.
HeoprallH4eCKIHR a30T H3 p)KaHOH epeAbl nOTpe6JI5leTC5i fO4TH BeCb, oJj-
HaKO 3TO KojlugeCTBO 6bIJIO 3Ha4HTeJlbHO McHblue KOJIH4eCTBa a30Ta, nOTpe6-
JIeHHOrO n3 KapTO(eJIbHOH CpeAbl.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, npH pOCTe 6yTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHH Ha pxcaHOH cpeAe nOT-
pe6JI5IJ1I1Cb 3Ha4HTeJIbHO McHbLL1He KOJIH4eCTBa paCTBOpHMOI'O a30Ta. q.Tm
Bb1ACHeHnH, KaKHe x{e HMCHHO aMHHOKHCJIOTbI H aMHJbl nOTpe6JlnlOT H3 nH-
TaTeJIbHOH cpe.Lbi 6yTHJIOBble 6aKTep11H, 6bIJIH npoBeaeHbI HccJIeAOBaHHH Ka-
McCTBeHHOrO COCTaBa aMHHOKHCJIOT KapTO(peJIbnOH H p}KaHOH cpeA Ao H
nocJte POCTa 6aKTepHH B TegeHHe 24 qac., a TaK}KC HBMeHeHHSI B KOJIHLIeCT-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
06MeH a3ora y Ho6o11 pa3Ho8udHOCTU Clostridium butyricum Prazmowsky 95
Ta6.,1HLL a I
H3MeHeNUA KrAu ccmea aNUHCKUCA( m, ncAunenmudce U HerpeaHU,iemux c AM a:cma
Ha Kapml cpCA'-n(O u pJicai cpecax Co epeMA pr ema 6ymuA, ebix 6aKmepuU (B M2o;;)
----------------------- ------
KaPTOd,enbHa9 cpe,ga PxcaHa2 c
N= _-- P e A a
----------------------- -
WTaM- A30T
M8 BPEMA POCTa, gaCbl
65
82
94
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65
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Ho.IIIIJen-
THROB
Heorra-
I II'I CCK N N
0 1b 24, 10 j 48 CO 72 I 0 1G 24 40 48
16 16 15 14,6 17,5 22,0 18,0 8,4 8,0 8,3 16,9
19,613 13 3,214,5 X2,0 17,5 8,4 6,75 8,1F 6,15
17,3 12,6 31,2 17,5 19,0 _7,0-3,7 8,418 6 8 `5 7
16,0 19,5 11,5 12,5 11,0 19,0 15,5 8,4 6,0 g,6 8,4
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13,5 7,5 5,0
6,5 2,5 2,3
7,9 1 9,1 5,2
7,2 10,0 10,0
6,95 6,1 4,25
2,0 2,0 2,8
11,0 5.0 0,1 9,0 13,35
10,3 8,L 0,19,' 6,9
8,S 7,0 0, 1 17,3 3,8
3,01 2,110,1 17,7 2,2
8,7 7,215,8 2,4 2,3
7,1 10,0 5,8 3,2 0,7
8,4 4,0 5,8 0 0,5
0 1 0 5,8 0,44 ,10
6,15
4,3
3,7
1,9
0,3
0,6
0
0
7,6
8,1
5,4
6,4
2, 3
2,6
4,1
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0
0
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7,0
(i,b
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0,3
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0
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Be a30Ta acnaparHHa H r,,TIOTaMI,Ha B npouecce pocTa Ha 3THX Cpe,iax. Ko-
JIHgecTBO a30Ta aCnaparmia H rJIIOTaMHHa onpejle.nHJlocb McTO,ZOM KpeTO-
BIT4a H EBCTHFHCeBOl1 (cM. Be.lo3cpCKHN H l-lpocKypHKOB, 1951) .
)IJ19 113y4CHHA Ka4eCTBCHHOPO COCTaBa aMHHOKHCJIOT hbIJI npIl7!('[IcH MC-
TO)j pax1aJlb1ioI xpoMaTOrpa(JHu na 6yMare (Krishnamurthy, Swarnina-
than, 1954; Rao, Vadhawani, 1955). ,L[aHHble 3THX HcCJiejjoBanliH npegcTaB-
JICHbI B Ta6J1. 2.
M3 Ta6Jl. 2 BHjjHO, TO CTepHJIbFIaA KapTO(~eJIbHaB cpejja COjcpNKaHax. McTO,goM KpeToBH4a H EBCTH1HCeBOIt~ HH B
KapTO(~)CJIbHOI~1, HH B p}KanoN Cpe,e r,nloTaMHHa haH,ICHO HC 6b1.1o. I..TioTa-
MHH yjjajioc o6Hapy}KHTb TOJIbKO McTOjjoM xpoMaTorpacl)HH Ha 6ymare.
Kaplo(pejibHaH cpeija (Ta6iI. 2) co)jep}KNT 3Ha4HTe,IbFlbie KOJIn4ecTBa 15
aMHHOKHCJIOT H JjByX aMHJjOB (acnaparHHa H rJlhOraMHHa). B p.K 6y -
THJIOBOFO CnupTa OHH Hy~K,jaroTCSJ B 60JI1,IIICM KOJIHgCCTBC pa3FIhIX aMHIIC-
KHCJIOT, KOTOpbfe B pxcaHofi Cpejje HJIII OTCYTCTByIOT tIJIH HaXOjjnTCSI B HCjl,O-
CTaTOgHbIx KOd7HgeCTBax.
BbiBOA 161
1. H3ygeu o6Meuu a30Ta y HleTblpex HITaMMOB 6YTHJIOBbIx 6aKTCpIILI (HO-
BOfI pa311OBHjjxoCTH Cl. butyricum Prazmowsky) B jjHHammKe POCTa Ha pa3-
HbIX Cpe,jaX.
2. KapTO()CJIbf{aH cpejja, COjICp3Kauja51 3HagIITeJlblible KOJIIIgCCTBa pa3-
HbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT, n0J11HCHTHjIOB H HeopraHHTICCKHx COJICIi a30Ta, BB,IIBeTCSI
HaH6o,/Iee 6JIarOnp113qTHOfI jIJISI }KIf3HegeHTeJIbHOCTH 6yTHJIOBb!X 6aKTepHli H
o6pa30Baimq HMH paCTBOpuTCJIeff. fpH pOCTe Fla 3TOIi Cpe11e fPOHCXO,j1fT
3HepfHg11oe nOTpe5JIeHHe BCCX COjjep}KaMHXCH B Heft paCTBOpHMbIX (jOpM
a30Ta.
3. PN{aua2 cpejja COAep}KHT 3Hag11TeJIbifo McHbwuc KOJIHgeCTBa paCT-
BOpHMbIX (l)OpM a30Ta H MeubIHHIi Ha6op pa3HbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT.
B npouecce poCTa 6yTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHf3 Ha 3TOA cpe:te HPOHCXOjjIIT He-
3HagHTeJIbHOC nOTpc6JIeHHe aMHHOKHCJIOT H foJIIIHenTHZjoB, HeopralfHgecKHIi
a3CT Cpe.Ijbl HOTPC6JI2eTCB nOLITH Becb, O)IHaKO 3TO KOJIFIgeCTBO 3FIagHTeJIb-
HO McHhwe HeopraHllgecKoro a30Ta, nOTpe6Jfemioro n3 KapTO(IJeJIbHON CpejjbI.
4. Ilpli jj06aBJICHIIH K p}KaHOfI Cpejje paCTHTeJIbHbIX rHJjpOJIH3aTOB, CO-
,ijep}Kawifx 6CJ7bwHe KOJIngeC'IBa paCTBOpHMbIX q)opM a30Ta, Ha6JIIOjjaJJocb
yJIyquiefuie a30THOrO nliTar-w i 6YTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepJHi, BbIpa3HBHIeeCn B F1OBbI-
IHeHHif KOJIHgeCTBa IIOTpe6JIeIlHbIx aMHHOKHCJIOT, HOJIHHeFTHjjOB H HeopraHH-
IlecKOrO 130Ta. 3TO H 06VCJIOBHJIO 60JIee 9HeprHgJIOe pa3MHO}KCHHe, 6po}Ke-
HHe H o6pa3OBaHHe paCTBOpHTeJle1 Ha 3THX cpeijax.
5. r1pa COnOCTaBJIefill H 06MCHa a30Ta y 6YTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHIi Ha KapTO-
q)eJIblION H p1KaHoil cpejjax 6blJIIf BbIBCHeHbI HX HOTpe6HOCTH B pa3HbIX COe-
JIHHeHHHX a30Ta jjJISI pOCTa, pa3MHo}KeIIHSI H o6pa3oBaHHSI paCTBOpHTeJlefi.
JIHTEPATYPA
B e JI 0 3 e p c K H I 1 A. H. H 1-I p O C K y p H K O B H. H. HpaKTH4ecKoe pyKOBO'gCTBO no 6H0-
XHM!HH naCTeHHN. Al., 1951.
It B a H 0 B H. H. McTOIbI (JH3HOJIOI-HH H 6HOXHMnH paCTCHH4i. CeJIbXO3ru311946.
H e p y e a JI H M C K H 6 H. ;J. A30THoe H BHTaMHHHOe HHTaHHe MHKpo50B. H3,1-Bo AH CCCP,
1949.
II p 0 K 0 Iu e B C. M B,HOXHMHB KapTO(beJiu. H3,1. AH CCCP, 1947.
p eHKeJlb F. M., JIHnm HUB. LI., Ka p n e H KO M K. H KOJI0HHCKa9 H. )J. CBOrl-
CTBa HeKOTOpbIX aHa)po6nb1x 6aKTepoi1 H3 poaa Clostridium Prazmowsky. MHKpo6Ho-
.nO"Hn, 19.;6, T XXV, Bbin. 4. CTp. 429.
K r i s h n a m u r t h y K., S w a m i n a t h a n M. Separation of lysine from other amino
acids by circular paper chromotogra^hy. Sci. and Culture, 1954, v. 20, N 1, p. 51.
Me Da n i e l L E, Woo I e y D. a. Pet e r s o n W. Growth factors for bakteria, VII
Nutrient requirementes of certain Bi:tyl-Alcohol producing bacteria. Journ. Bacteriol.,
1939, v. 37, N 3, p. 259.
R a o N.. W a d h w a n i T. Quantitative estimation of aminoncids by circular paper
chrom.itogranhy. Journ Indian Inst Sci., 1955 37, N 2, A130-Al40
Tatum E., Peterson W. a. Fred E. An unknown factor stimulating the formation
of butyl alcohol by certain butyric-acid bacteria. Journ. Bncteriol., 1934, v. 27, N 2,
p. 207.
Tatum F.. Peterson W. a. Fred E. Identification of asparagine as the substance
stimulating the production of butyl alcohol by certain bacteria. Journ. Bacteriol.,
1935, v. 29, N 6, p. 563.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
E. 9. Pauc6a, T. A. Ta.rcuka,
H. H. 3axapO6a u M. B. KaaaHCKa.
BHOXHMH'ECKHE H3MEHEHH51, HABJIIOAAEMbIE
Y HEKOTOPbIX BAKTEPHR KHWE4HOI1 I'PYTII1bI
B I1POLLECCE HX H3MEHgHBOCTH
(I'IHCTHTYT MHKp06H0JI0FHH AH YCCP)
B OCHOBe H3MeHtIHBOCTH MHKpOOpraIMMOB .ne>KaT H3MeHeHH51 HX O6MeHa
BeLUeCTB. F103TOMy H3y4eHHe XHMII4CCKOFO COeTaBa H OOMeHa BeIIIeCTB y 113-
McHeHHbIX Cj.)OpM no cpaBHeHIITO C HCXOAHbIMH npeJICTaBJIReT 60JIbHIOH HHTe-
peC AJ H nOHHMaHHR npOLICCCOB H3MeH4HBOCTH.
HaCT051a aH pa6OTa np0'B,OAHJIacb B I/IHCTHTyTe MHKp06HOJI0rHH AH
YCCP B OTAe.1e 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB. MbI 113yga.u HBMeHeHHSI B
o6MeHe BeLUeCTB, Ha6JIIo[aIOIlIHecfl npH Jia6OpaTOPHOF1 H3MeHgHBOCTH 6pec-
JIaBJIbCKOH H K11HIe4HOH naJIO4eK. Pa60Ta BeOaCb KOM:IJIeKCHO c JIa6OpaTO-
pHCH H3MeHgHB0CTH MHKp00praH1I3M0B HHCTHTyTa MHKpOOHOJIOTHH AH
YC,CP, COTpyAHHKII KOTOpOH (BH3Hpb, HaCetIHHK H Llyp-Lt]VJIbTU, 1953,
1955) noJIy4a.1H H3MeHeHHble (1.)OpMbl H IIpe7,OCTaBJIHJIII HX AJIR HccJIeROBa-
IIH5I. IzI3ytleHHble KyJlbTypbI npHHaJJlexcaJIH K TpeM rpyrlnaM: 1) BapHaHTbl,
Bbl,3eJleH.Hble HVTCM >; 2) BTOpHOHbIC KyJlbTypbI, pereHe-
plipOBaHHble H3 CcHiJIbTpyIOLH,HXCH C1)OpM; 3) Lue:i 4e06pa3y1OH1He BapHaHTbI,
fOJIygeHHble 3KCHCpHMCHTHJIbHO H Bbl,je..1CHHbIC H3 npHpoAbI.
Bap Ha HTbl, Bb1Ae.TieIIHhl C nyTeM KaLuciI K rpyfHC napaTHCp03-
IIbIX B-OaKTCpiIH. B OHb1T X yKa3a1HIIbIX aBTOpGB BbIpaLIIHBaunc KHIIICTIHOH
naJ104KH Ha 3TIIX np0AVKTaX 11p1BOAHJIO K IIORBJIeHHIO MIIOIOOHCJICHHbIX
BapnalITOB, KOTOPbIC 0T.,'IH4aJInCb OT HCX0AHOII KHLIIe4IlOH naJ104KH HO p5Ay
CBOFICTB. TaK, 05111 arrjIIOTHHHpOBaJIHCb CbIB0p0TKaMH HPOTIIB 6peCJIaBJIbCKOH
naJIO'KH B JIOBO.IIhHO BbICOKHX pa3,Be, eIILTRX, 06J1a3aJIH HCKOTOpOH HMMyHO-
1CHIIOCTbIO ASR MbIIHeu, npeAOXpaHHSI FIX OT 3a60JIcBaHHsl Hpll 3apa>KeH'm
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BUOxllMllkecKUe U3MekeHUR y OaKTepua Kucuequou apynnbl 103
}KHBOIi KyJlbTypOI/ 6pecTIaBJTbCKOIi naJI04KH, C6pa KHBaJIH caxap Tax, KaK
TIOCJIeaHHSI, m T. n. HeKOTopble 113 BapHaHTOB npHo6peTaJIH TaK)Ke -iaTOreH-
HOCTb Jl rISI 6eJIbIX MbIIILel. TaKHM 06pa30M, HO p1,gy CBOHCTB BapHaHTbI
up116JIH3HJIHCb K KVJTbType H OT1gaJIHJIHCb OT HCXOjWOIi.
Y 113MeileHHblx BapHaHTOB KHLHe4HOIi HajjOUKH 6bIJIo npOBe,geHO H3yieHHe
HyKJIeHHOBOrO, HypHHOBOPO 06MeHa H HyKJIeonpOTeHaO3. OaHOBpeMeHHO BCeM
BHaaM HCCJICJ[OBaHHSi HOJjBepraJIHCb H HCXOJjHble KyJIbTypbl 6pecJIaBJIbCK0Ii q
KHLuegHOI3 nadaogeK.
B paHee O Iy6JIHKOBaHHbIx pa60Tax HpH'BeJjeHbl ,IjaHHbie HO Co) ep3KaHIHIO
HyKJleHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, aKTHBHOCT'H HyKJIea3 H ue3aMHHa3 Hyp1HOB (FaRKH-
Ha, 1954; Paul6a H FarIKHHa, 1954; PaLu6a H Kpa4K0, 1954). Orlbrrbi noKa3a-
JIH, 4T0 BCe BapHaHTbI HO 3THM noKa3aTe.,TAM OTJIH4alOTcH OT HCXOJjHbIX
KyJIbTyp, npH4CM jja1IHble y BapHaHTOB 6OJIbHIef 1aCTbJO pa3HOTHHHbI, 4T0
COOTBeTCTByeT HX HeyCTaHOBHBHJCFICH HaCJIejjCTBeHHOCTII. 1{OJ]HyeCTBO HyKJIeH-
HOBbIX KHCJIOT V OTjje.IIbHbIX Cy6KyJIbTyp BapHaHTOB 6bIJI0 HOJjBep}KeHO 3Ha-
4HTeJIbHo 6oJIbLUIIM KOJIe6aHH5iM, 4eM y HCX0,a!1bIX KyJIbTyp, npu'-IeM c Te4e-
HHeM BpeMeHH OHO HHOr,ega H3MeHHJI0Cb, HpHTOM B onpeae.ncHHOM HanpaBJle-
HHH. AKTI-IBHOCTb a,1eHa3bl H ryaHa3bl y HeKOTOpbiX BapHaHTOB 6bIJIa
3Ha4HTeJlbr, o 6oJIbmeFi, 4eM y HCXOaHbIX KyJIbTyp.
/gift BBIJjeJIeHHA HyKJIeoITpOTeHjOB 6blJIH npHMeHeHbI McTOJjbI, He BbI3bI-
BaIOLUHC , cHaTVpauHH 6eJrKoB. Pa6oTa BeJIaCb npH OXJIa?K,geHHH, npi 3Hahle-
HHHX pH, 6JIH3KHX K IIef!TpaJIbIIOMV; HpH HeO6XORHMOCTH BbICyUJHBaHHH
6eJIKOB npOH3BOJjHJIaCb JIHO(JJHJIbHaH CyJuKa. YOTaHOBJIeHO (PaLU6a H KaraH-
CKaSi, 1957), 'ITO HyKJIc0npOTe'HJjbI, HOJIy'eHllble H3 6pecJ1aBJIbCK0li H KHHIe4-
H0i naJIo4eK, pa3JIH4aIOTC51 HO CBOHM (IJH3HKO-XHMH4eCKHM CBOIiCTBaM.
HyKJIeOnpoTeH,g KHLHe4HOc naJIo'-IKH HMCCT B TpH-nlTTb pa3 6OJIbIHyIO BH3KOCTb,
'IeM HyKJIeonp0TeH4 6pecJlaBJIbCKOH HaJIOgKH, H HHylO (3OPMy KpHB09 oca?K-
JjeHHH B H303JIeKTpHIIe'CKOFI 30He: HVK.,TeorJpoTel1Jj KHHIe4Hof naJIogxH HMeeT
-OaHH MaKCHMyM Oca?KJjeHH51 B 30He pH=4,0-4,6; y HyKJIeOnpOTeIJIa 6pe-
CJIaBJIbCK013 naTI04KH, Kp0Me 3TOPO MaKCHMyMa, eCTb eiue 0aHH, McHbUlHii
MaKCHMVM B 30He p1-1=5-6. B HyK,-ieOHpoTcHae 6pecs1aBJIbCKOIi HaJIO4KH
TaK?Ke McHbLne COaep?KaHHe (jOc(~opa (1,2%), 4eM B HyKJIeOHpOTeHjje KHIiteY-
HOII naJI04KH (B Cpe_jjHeM 1,7%), YTO CBH,eTe1IbcTByeT 0 McHbLIIeM co ep?Ka-
HHH HyKJIehiHOBOIi KHcJIOTbI.
HyKJIeOnpoTCH,gbl HccJIeJ OBaHHbIX BapHaHTOB 38, 60 H 125 n0 CBoeI-i
B93KOCTH H (popMe KPHBbIX H3O3JIeKTpH4eCKOro oca?KIeHHA 6JIH?Ke K 6eJIKaM
KHaBOarWel> 6pecJIaBJIbCK0Ii HaJIOtIKH, 4eM K 6CJIKaM HCXOaHOli KHLHe4HOti
naJ104KH. Y HHX, KaK H y 6e.JIKOB 6pecJIaB,3bCKOii naJI04KH, eCTb j1OHOJIHHTeJIb-
HbIIi 6CJIKOIbbIH KOMnOHeHT, o6yCdIOBJIHBaIOLUHfi HaJIH4He BTOporO MaxcHMyMa.
-OaHaKO HyKJIeOHpOTeHabI BapHaHTOB HMe1OT H HeKOTOpble 4aCTHble OTJIHhH51
no coJjep?KaHHIO (Jocc)opa H Ho (1)opMe xpHBbIx H3o3.AeKTpH4ecxor0 OCa?K-
j&eHHII.
B JjaJibHeFILUCM 9TH HVKJIe0HpoTeHJgbl 6bIJIH (j)paKUHOHHpoBanbI HpH HOMO-
LuH BbICaJIIIBaHHi HeliTpaJlbHbIMH COJISIMH. fibIJI Bbl,geJIe1I 6peCJIaBJIbCKOII Ha.JIOLIKH.
HpHBeAeHHb1e , aHHbIC CBHACTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, 4T0 npH ia.ne H B KOHL C OnblTa Ha npl6Ope
BTf1. 0 ITapacTannn 6HOMaCCb1 B CpeAe CyIH7H no yseJiHHeHnIO KoJIHITecrBa
opraiIa4ecKo.ro yrJIepoAa 6aKTCpHaJIb1IbIX TCJI. Opra1ni 1eCKHH yrJICpOA B
Ky.AbTypaiibiloIl }K1IAKOCT1I OnpeAeJIST.IIcaa McTOAOM C}KHra1IHH XpOMOBOH
CMCCbIO (IaTanXHHa, 1948).
Pe3yJlbTaTbl npon(AeT1HbIX OIIbITOB npeJCTaBJTCHb1 Ha pac. 2, 3.
Kyiib"rypa M'lycobacterlum lacticolum HOCJIC BbIpaIIIHBaH1i51 Ha CpeAe c
BTHJTOBbIM CIIHpTOM 11 Ha MIIA lie C11H3IIJIa HHTeIICHBHOCTH OKHCJICIIHH npo-
naiia no CpaBIiCIlhlIO C KOHTpOJICM. fIOCJIC KyiIbTHBHpOBaHH5 Ha Cpe31e C yK-
CyCHOKIICJIbIM KaJIbUlleM HHTCIICHBHOCTb OKIICJICIIH5I nponaHa 3TO13 KyJIbTypOn
3HatmTCJIbII0 CIIII3HJIaCb.
fIo,*L,ucp>KaTb pa3B1ITHe KyzbTypbl Pseudomonas sp. Ns 22 Ha cpcJO, rAe
e; 11HCTBeI111bIM IICTO11I11iKOM yI'.3ICpoJa 6bIJI VKCyCHOKIICJIbTH KaJIbIIHH, He
y,?jaJ10Cb. fIOCJIe Bblpaw.IIBaH1I5I Ha MfIA 3Ta Ky.IIbTypa COBepHIeHHO yTpaTHJIa
cnoco61lOCTb OKIICJIHTb nponaH. f1OCJIC KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH Ha CpeAe C 3THJI0-
BbIM CHIIpTOM 9Ta CIIOCO6HOCTb CoxpallliIaCb, Ii0 6b!JTa 3Ha9HT0JIbHO ocJIa6-
.JICTIa (piic. 3).
l0JIy9eHHbI.. JaHllble CBHJeTeJIbCTByIOT 0 TOM, TITO 6aKTepHK, O'KHC.II5IOI1LHe
npoilau, BCAyT cc65T n0-pa3110My B OTHOHIeHIIH nponaHa noc ie KyJIbTI1BHpOBa-
HH11 Ha JIerKO AOCTyIIHOM opraHn leCKOM BeIIIeCTBe. O6b5ICHHCTCB JIH pa3JIHime
B nOBCACHHII 9TIIX AByX MIIKpoopraIlH3MOB TOM, iITO OIIH 51BJTIIIOTCSI npeACTa-
BIITeJIIIMiT pa3HbIX pOAOB, 115H TeM, 'ITO 01111 BbIAeJIeHbI 143 pa3HbIX pallOHOB
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BnuRHue opeaHuaecKUx 6eu(ecT6 Ha oKucAeHue nponaHa
B cMblcJle Heq)TelIOCHOCTH, fOKa HeH3BeCTHO. 3TOT BOHpOC OCTaeTCR OTKpbI-
TbIM It TpC6yeT JiaJlbHeffwHX HCCJ1e,JOBaHH1I CO MIIOTHMH KyJIbTypaMH.
F 1n
t::
1 7 3 4 F E 9 IC 1J 2
Bpen4R , d yu
PHc. 2. OK11C.7eHne nponaHa KyJlbTypoH Mycobacterium
lacticolum nocie KyJIbTHBHpoBaHHA Ha cpe4ax c opra-
HHVecKHMH BeWecTBaMH:
- KoHlponb; 2 - 3THAOBb[l dHAPT: 3 - MIIA; 4 - YKcyceortac.71101
xanbuHlf.
AHajloilrlHble pe3yJ1bTaTbI 6blJlll HOJIydeHbl BatxxerH H Ipauji (Banheg-
al, Jaranyl, 1957), KOTOpble BbI1CJIHJIII 113 IIOTlBbI liaj Heq)T5I11a 3aJIe}Kblo
t1IICTble KyJIbTypbl 6aKTepHIl, OKHCJI511OJ4HX IIPOHall, IT YCTaHOBHJIH, TITO O)JHH
g TPY.'iw IiH-Ta MHKpo6HonorHH. Bbin. 6
P. 1- np1160p 1IAH n3ygeHJIA ra30HorjloTHTe.ibH0ii CII0006HOCT11 y 6aKTepHN
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
I14 3. H. TeneeuHa it 3. C. CMupHOra
H3 HIiX 110C.-le Bblpau(HBalIIIA Ha opra1lHLIeCKHX Befl eCTBaX TepBJIH cn0006-
HOC'rb OKI1CJI5ITb nponall, IPYrIle - He yTpa9HBaJIH TO CBOIICTBO aaxce uocJIe
BOCbMHMCCALIHOIO Ky.IbTHBIdpOBaIIIln Ha oprain"LICCKOH nHTaTeJIbHOH CpCAI'-
A3BHe It JlpyIIle (Davis It Jxp., 1956) npeAno.lara1OT, LITO BblpaMI1BaHII('
M)IKpoOpraan3Mla Ha cpeJie c opraimLICCKHM aeUIeCTBOM, KOTOpoe ABJ1HCTCH
KaKIIM-TO npoMC?KyTO1111bTNl 3BCIIOM OKIUCJICHII5I yr-IeBOJROp0Aa H IIai6o.%IC')'
2 3 4 5 6 B 9 10 /l 12 /.
BpeMF OHU
PHC. 3. OKncaemie nponana KyJlbTypou Pseudomonas sp.
nocJle Ky.u THBHpoBaHnA na cpeaax c opraHHoecKHMl1 BeH(e-
CTBaM1I:
I - rourpo.ab : 2 - 3T11:IOBI,lu cuHp'r; 3 - MIA.
6.;1113KO CTOHT K 3TOMy yFJIeBOAOPO.LY, H03BOJIAOT MHKpoopraH143My COXpa1IIITb
cHOCO6HOCTb OKHCJISITb yrJICBOROPojt. ECM }Ke 3TO Be11 ecT'BO O'deHb OTJIHL aCi-
CA OT yr.IleBo,7,opOJ),a, TO 6aKTe~pHll MOryT LIaCTIIgHO HJIH HoJ1HOCTb10 YTpaTHTI
Ci10006HOCTb OOKIICJIIITb ero nOCJIe BbIpauLuBaHIIA Ha 3TOM opraHH leCKOM BC-
iII,CCTI3C.
BJIH54HHE MAJIbIX KOHILEHTPAILHH OPrAHH4ECKHX BELUECTB
HA OKHCJIEHHE IIPOHAHA
KaK y3Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCcb BbIIIIC, JIJ1HTe.TIbIIOC KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHe MIIxpoOpra-
IIII3MOB npOBOJIHJIOCb Ha cpeJtax c Jjo6aBKOH 60JIbUIIHX A03IIopraHHT1eCK0ro
r."ntccTBa (OT I Ao 2%). O1[HaKO B
IIb1X BOJIaX JIC'rKO JtOCTyaHble opralia-
'CCKHO Bel4ecTBa BCTpeTdaIOTCA B lie-
331aLIHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHLICCTBax. B CBA311
C 3TIIM IIHTepe,CHC 6bIJIO Hpo'CJICJIH'rb,
KaKHM o6pa30M BJIHAIOT MaJIble KOH-
ueHTpauHH opralilluecKOrO Bew.eCTBa
Ha oKHCJeHHe Tiporiaiia 6aKTCptHM0.
B AHTepaType npHBe,71ellbl RaHllble :)
TOM, 'ITO , o6aaJleHlle He6oJIbnIHX 7103
opraIiHLIeCKOro Belll,ecTBa B CpeJty CTH-
MyJtHpyeT OKHC.neHae MOTalia (ZoBell.
PItc. 4. B.nnBlme Ma.nblx KoHUCUTpagHi'i 1~)46; HeuaeBa, 1949).
rn1OK03b1 Ha oKUCJIeHne nponaHa Ky31- 4oCTa2IeK (1954) Ha6J1lo,La21 yclt-
Typoii Alyeobact. lactieolum :ieilile 1)0cT3 nponaJI0KHC:I91O11tHX 6aK-
) KoHrpom.; 2-1n6aBne1O 0.001% l'epiii Iioc.Ti npai6aB.TICI-IHA HC6O bm11X
3--no6a1zaalo 0,00011,10 -~eKO411 K0,IH'-ICCTB opralI HLleCKHX BCIIteCTB, B
-cO60 IIII0,CTH 3KCTpa1tTa nOTiBbI H J1aKTaTa IIaTpHA (0,26 Mr/.'I).
B KaMICCTB3 oprami,iccKOro BCI1teCT-5a IIaMH HCHbITbIBajlOCb ,71CIiCTBHC Ma-
lbtX KOIIII,CHTpaItHH rJIIOKO3bI (0,001 It 0,0001 %). B TeacHne 10--12 uucii
ld 6aKTeHll KaK
)TMeoaJIacb IIIITCIICHBHOCTb IloTpe6JIeHna HpoHalla KyJlbTypO P
B OnbITC C J(O6aBKOlt B CPCJty FJIIOK03bl, 7'aK H B KO')ITpOJIC.
KpriBble norpc6JICIIH5i ra3a KyJlbrypol6 Mycohacterlunl lacticofilm 11pejl-
ITaBJICHbI IIa plc. 4.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B.vu.eHue opeaauaecxux aetIeCTa Ha OKucneHae nponaHa 115
IIpii paccMOTpCHHH rpa(f HKa BH,2HO, '4T0 ;gO6aBJIC11He MaJIb1x KO'HI1CHTpa-
I0nl1 FJIIOK03bI (0,001 %-0,0001 %) YBCJIH'-IIIBaeT HHTCHCINBHOCTb OKHCJIemm
I1poilalla 770 CpaBIIeHH10 C KOIITpOJICM.
Bb1B0J1,bf
1. fiaKTCpui1, OKIICJInloliwIIe nponall, pacnpGCTpaxei1b1 HPCHMyWecTBc'IHIO
B 110j3eM1[b1X BOJJ.ax H nopo,lax ra30HeC~TeHOCHbIX paii0IIoB.
2. H3 i,OJt32MHbIX BOJ[ 6bLJIH BbI~'[cJIei;bl ,,BC 4IICTbie KyJlbTypbl MHKpOOpra
1:H3M0B, CnoC06IIbIX OKHCJIATb nponall. KyJibTypbi 6bIJIH H44CHTH(pHuHpoBaHb1
KaK /Mycobacterium lacticolum H Pseudomonas sp.
3. Mycobacterium lacticolum Hoc,ne KyJIbTnBnpOBarJ[un IIa Maxepajlbnoli
cpejje c 9THJIOBbIM CHHp'roM IL,1II Ha MIIA aKTIIBHO OKHCJISIIO'r nporali. floCJie
BblpalliHBalula Ha epeje C y.KCyCHOKHCJIbI\I KallbfHeM aKTHBH.OCTb OKIICJIeHHH
!iponalla 3aMeTHO CHHMKaCTCH HO CpaB;7C111110 C KOHTpOJICM.
4. Pseudomonas sp. (Nq 22) noc.ne npe6blBaHHn Ha Mft HO,AHOCTbio
yTpaz7H'Baer CI70C06HOCTb OKHCJIATb nponall, coxpaHAa 9T0 CBOfICTBO B OCJIa6-
J1e11H0}I CTCI1CH19 HoCJ]e Bblpalljl!BaHHA Ila Cpe,3e C 9THJTOBbIM CJIHpTOM.
5. MaJIbre7{OHUeI,TpauHH r:I7oK03bi (0,001--0,0001 %) CTHMyJIHpyioT OKHC-
JICIIIic HpOHalIa KyJlbTypOiI.
JIIITEPATYPA
B O K O B a E. H. Cpa,BHHTeaabHoe H3y9eHHe OCHOBHbIX CBOIiCTB 6aKTepa9, OKHCJIHIOII(HX ra30-
06pa3Hble H )KIHAKiHe yrJ1eBOROpOab1, Bb1J[eJ1e!I1b1X H3 rJ1y6HHHWWX Coen H H3 fOgnO'1-
BeHH61X OTJIO)KeHHN, H Bb1HCHeHne HeKOTOpbIX VCJ1oHHil, OrpaHH4HBa101u14X nX pa3BHTHC.
OT'leT no T(?MC 10/45. (DOHAbI BHIIFHII11946.
Fi o K o B a E. H. OKHCneHne nponana Mycobacterium rubrum var. propanicum. (YrveT 2446.
)OHAbi BHIFHH, 1947.
7 O C T a .n e K M. HporlaHomicimic rune 6aKTepHI1. LIeXOCJIOBaIIKaa 6HO.norH2, 1954, Na 3,
crp. 173.
K y 3 H e u o B C. H., T e JI e r H H a 3. H. HeKOTOpbie Rai1Hbie no (piH3HOJIOI'HH nponaHOKHC-
J1AfOH1,Hx 6aKTepHfi. MHKpo6IIOJ1orn A, 1957, T. XXVI, Bbin. 5, CTp. 513.
M o r H JI e B C K H 9 F. A. MHKpo6HOJ10TH9CCK1jli MCTOA HIOHCKOB ra30BbIX H He(pTAHbrX 3aJre-
xcel9. 1953.
M o r n JI e B c K H ii F. A., C y x o r3 a A. H. Bb19CHeHHe 3(b(PeKTHBHOCTH H O606H(eHue ra3o-
KapOTa?KHblx pa6oT H aoi aoH c1,eMKIl 110 pa1rOHaM EBpofieSCKoa H Cn6HpCKoh moaT-
(popM. OTVeT 110 TeMe 22/54. 09x.'161 BHIIFHH, 1955.
H c i a e B a H. B. tjBa BHAa MHK06aKTCp11i1, OKHC.nHwruaX McTaH. MHKp06HO,noFHH, 1949,
T. XVIII, BbrIl. 4, CTp. 310.
C a Ni O 9 JI O H a 0. H. OT11eT o B0Ar10-6aKTepna.abHb1X 11cCJ1e,IoBa!lHax napTHH 2-5/48, npo-
l!3BejeH11b1x B Ta'rapCKOii ACCP, r-IKa.TOBCKOii, KyO6biweBcxoo H CapaTOBCKON o61Ia-
CTHX. 50911,161 BHHf HN, 1948.
C a M 0 ii JI 0 B a 0. H., C 0 Jl 0 A y H 0 13 A. H. H Ap. OTHCT 0 pa6OTe CTa1'1HHrpaACKON OnbIT-
HO-MCT'oJIIgecKo9 rlapTrla 14/55. hoHAb1 BHIIFHH, 1956.
C J1 a B H H a f'. H., T e Ja e r H H a 3. H. 01'1('T 0 pa5OTe 2-co oTpaAa TCMaTH4eCKO9 napm
22/>4. YCOBCPIBC1ICT3O1MHI?e MCT0J111K11 np9BeaeHHH ra306aoXHMH9ecKiIIX HCCJIejj0BaHH1}
r1o,13C,MHbiX Bo). 4)OHAbi BHHFHH. 1955.
(p a T 11 11 X 11 H a 0. E. MCTO,'1 OIIpCAI7eHHH OK14CJ1HeMOCTH BOAb1 XPOMOBOH CMeCbIO. FHApo-
XIrMH'IeCKlie MaTepHaJ1bi, 1948, T. XV, CTp. 180.
B n h egg i J. a. J a r a n y i J. Propan-oxydierende Bakterien. TC3HCb1 AOKJIaJja Ha KOH-
(l)epeHUinn B l3pno, 1957.
D a v i s I., C h a s e H. a. R a y rn a n d R. Mycobacterium paraf finicum n. sp. a bacterium
isolated from soil. Appl. Microbial., 1956, v. 4, N 6, p. 310.
II u t t o n W. a. Z o B c I I C. The occurence and ch=lracteristics of methaneoxidizirlg
bacteria in marine sediments. J. of Bact., 1949, v. 58, N 4, p. 463.
M u n z E. Zur Physiologic der Methanbacterien (Dissert.). Halle. 1915.
Z o B e I I C. Action of microorganisms on Hydrocarbons. Bacteriological Reviews, 1946,
v. 10, N 1-2, p. 1.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
r. H. Nypa6cKU6
IHMOHHOH
0 (PH3HOJ1orHgECK0H nPHPOAE TE MICH.
KHCJIOTbI Y ASPERG
(BceCOI03tIbtR HaygHo-HCCne)ioeaTeabCKHlf HHCTHTyT
KOHAHTePCKOR HPOMbtttUteHHOCTH)
IIeCMOTpH Ha MHOr041G1e11HbIC TICCJ1eJoBaHHfl, I10CBSihIeHHb1e o6pa3OBa-
(11410 JIHMOHIIOIT KIiCJIOTbI IIPH I1oM0UU1 rp116OB 113 poi a AspergillUS, MbI Ao
cero BpeMeHH He HMeeM 1CHb!X HpeACTaBJIcHHii O 6HOXHMHUCCKOM Hpouecce ee
o6pa3OBaHII5I B KJIeTKax rpH6a. Me}KJIy TeM, HO3HaHHe 3TOCO Hpouecca o61Ier-
11HJIO 6b1 3aAa4y noJIyueHHiI MaKCHMa.ibHblx BbIXOAOB JIHMOHHOII KHC.IIOTbI 110
11poH3BOJICTBC.
Pa6OTaMH KCPPII (Currie, 1917) 11 MoJlbilpa (Molliard, 1922) yCT811013
r1eHO, 'ITO Aspergiillus niger o6pa3yeT Ha cpeAax, co,tep)KauzHx caxap, re
(Ally, a IICCKO3bKO KNC.IIOT: JINMOIIIIyIO, iuaBCJICBY1O H FJI10KOH0BY10. flpI CM
Keppil HOKa3aJI, HTO CCJHI i1PH KVJIbT_NCIIPOBaHNH rpH6a Ha Hei4Tpa.11b11OM
pacTBOpe 06pa3yCTC5I CM.CCb H1aBeJICB0fi H .nHMOHHOH KHCJIOT, TO Ha CHJIbHO
KHCJIOil Cpe,2e (p11=3 H HH}Ke) on I3blpa6aTblBaeT HpeBMy1ueCTBCHHO JINMO11-
Hy10 KNCJIOTY. Mo.ibflp, a 3aTeM H KapA0-Cb1C0eBa (1935) yCTaHOBHJIH, 410
yxyJl11eHNe yCJIOB161 HIITaHIIh rpi6a HyTeM, HaHpuMep, pe3KO10 HolTH)Ke11151
KolluWHTpaIUIH MNHCpa:1b11b1x 9JIeMeH1`03 B uh1TaT0JIbHOi1 cpeAe BCACT K (j)op-
MHpoBaHHlo cjia60ro MHueJINSI, C.KJIOHHOro K HpOAYIU4P0BaHHlo Hpe11Myluec-1
BCIIIIO FJIIOKOIIOBOH KIICJIOTbI.
BHOXi1M1111CCKHH C1111TC3 JIIIMOIIIIOH KHCJIOTbI 11peJ1C-TaBJI510T co6oii CJloMxHefIHHx
Iipo6JIeM. gehcTBHTCAbIIO, Oprall1igeCK!1(' KHCJIO'I'bl 3aHHMaIOT BHJtHoe MCCTO
B o6HjeM 06MCHe BenjeCTB pacTeIIHA If B CBOHX HpeBpaIIjeHHHX TeCIIO CBH3BIIhI
C JIpyFHMli Ba>KHbIMH CTOpOIIaMH IIX >K113110,10HTeJIbHOCTIJ.
l)H3HOJIOrHoeCKyJo npHpOijy 6110CHIITC3,1 JIIIMOHHOA KHCJIOTbI H 3aBHCH-
MOCTb 3Toro npoi coca OT yCJIOBHH KYJIbTHBIIpOBBHHH rpH6a MbI HOHbITaeMCA
paccMOTpeTb Ha OCHOBC OKHC.IIHTCJIbIibIX npeBpaHjeIIHA HPOJjyKTOB FJIHKOJIHTH-
'IeCKOPO pacna;fa yrJI&BoAo3 B IjHK.ne TpH- li jnHKap6OnloBbix KHCJIOT (Tax Ha-
3bIBaCMhfii IjHKJI Kpe6ca), IIO.Ty4IfBIIIeM npfl3HaHHe MIIOrHx 61T,OXHMHKOB Y1
(4JH3HOJIOron (Krebs, 1943; KpeTOBHq, 1956).
B CBOeA >K113iie,ijcHTeJIbIIOCTii I'pH6 HCnOJib3yeT 3Ha9HT0JIbHyIO tlaCTb yrJie-
BOJjOB n1fTaTe.nbIIOA CpQjbI Ha CTPOHTeJ1bCTBO TeJra, a TaK>Ke if ria Hpoueccii
AbIXaHHr j.79 noJlyuemm Heo6x0,jHMOA 3HeprHH. IIpH HaJIHgHH H36bITKa yr.ie-
BO%(oB BblpOCHIni MHIjeJIHir Hap9Ay C KOIICTIITy(IHOHHbIMH BelueCTBaMB CHHTe-
311pyeT 1f 3anaCHbie BeMCCTBa. KpoMe TOro, B >K11BOA KJIeTKe MbI BCC1Jja Haxo-
AHM Pa311oo6pa3Hble npOMe>KyTO'IHble coe)iHHeHHA 06MeHa BeLrjeCTB. K HHM
MOTyr 6hITb olnIcceIIbI pa3JIrITIHble aMrIHOKHCJIOTbI, a Tai>Ke pa3110O6pa3Hble
IlpOIIyKrbf pacriaj[a H 0KHCJIeHH9 opralfriuecKHX BCLLjeCTB H flpOJjyKTbl Tax Ha-
3bIBaeMoro OTKJIOIIeHHOrO 06MerIa BeHjeCTB. MHOrHe H3 HHX, 6yJjylIH npoJ yx-
TaMH >KH3iieaefTeJIbIfOCTI1 KJICTKH, Bb11ejI}IOTC9 113 HJIa3MbI B K.neTO'Hb!A
cox HJIH Hapy y B oxpy>Ka!olljlli{ cy6crpaT. K npOMe>KyT04HbIM BeLuecTBaM
CJle,gye-r OTHCCTH if opraHHtICCKIf0 KHCJIOTbI, B TOM 'I1ICie H JIHMOHHyJO
KIICJIOTy.
CoBpeMeHlibre 3HaiiH9 HpejjnOJlaralOT HccJIeJJOBaHHe OTlleJlbHbIX CTOpOH
BHyTpHKJIeTOgli0P0 O6MCHa BeIIICCTB B TeCHOii 3aBHCHMOCTII TIpyr OT Jlpyra,
3TO JIerKO BIiaHO H3 cxenbl (xoHeg4i1o HenOJIHOA) KJIeTOgHoro 06MeHa BeujeCTB,
COCTaBJICHHOA Ha OCHOBC 11HK,na TpIIKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT (pHC. 1).
BpojllnjibHhl6 PaoriaJi YFJICBOJjOB B KJIeTKe TOCHO CBH3aH C (()OCCJOp1IblM
o6MCriorr It B 60JIbLIIHHCTBe cJlyiae3 HrjeT ~iepC3 HIIPOBHHOrpa;jblyK) KIICJIOTy.
Orcio, a B arfa3po6HbIX YC.1OB1151X, 13 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha6opa (JepMeHTOB,
B03MOW1I0 O6pa3OBanluc mooolIH0A i MaC.1u1-i0A KHCJIOT, a TBK>Ke 3THJIOL3 i-O
cnHpra (pxc. 1). B a3po61lblx yc.noB119X nxpoBHHorpaJjxaa KHC.n0Ta
5IBJIHCTC5T TaK)KC HCXOAHbIM BCIHeCTBOM HOBOFO LuIKJIa OKHCJIIITCJIbIIbIX ripe-
BpaLliCrhHA BeIHCCTB Ha nyTH 06pa3oBaHH9 pu a Opralrurleexax KHCJIOT -
VKCyCHOA, JIHMOIIHOA, a-KCTOr3loTapcBOA, InHTapnloA, (f)yMapoBOA, H6Jio~IHOA
If 11). XOpOuIO 113BCCTHO, 4ITO BXOjjIILLIHe B IIHKJI TpuKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT KCTO-
KHCJIOTbl J[aIOT HagaJIO aMHHOKHCJIOTarvl B pe3VJIbTaTe npuMOrO aMHHHpOBa-
11119 It nepeaMHHHpcBan{H9, OTKpbITOro BpayHmTeAlroM H KpHuMaHOM (spayH-
LIITCIi11 in KpHIjMail, 1937; BpayHI11Te6H, 1949). J3 KCTOKI-IC.IIOT (pHC. 1)
o6pa3yIOTCu aJraHHH H ,ABe jjmKap6oioBhie KI1CJIOTbI - FJIIOTaMHHOBa9 H acna-
parHHOBan, a 113 HHX - BCe Tjpyrfie aMHHOKHCJIOTbI, HJjyILjHe Ha HOCTpoeHHe
6CJIKOB.
TaK14M O6pa3OM, CyIIjeCTByeT TCCIIa9 CB93b H B3aHMoo6ycJIOBie1I,H0CTb
Me>KAy 6eJrKOabir O6MeHOM, npeBpalljeHHeM opraHHgeCKHX KHCJIOT, yFJIeBOA
HbIM 06MCIIOM H JpyTHMH ilpoL CCCaMH B >KHBOA KJIeTKe, B TOM 1mc.Tie 14 C
npeBpalgeHHeM >KHpOB H >KHp0'no lo6HbIX BCHjeCTB.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1. Ii. KypaocKuu
118
Hammes MI[OI'OTIHCJ[eHHbIC HCC1eAOBaH1i51 )KH3HC.JIeIITCJIbHOCTH Aspergillus
niger HOKa3bIBa1OT OI1pf ejiNIHy1O 3aBHC[IMOCTb 6HOCHHTe3a JIHMOHHOI3 KHCJIO-
'Fbi OT a3OT1I0I7O H C)OC(1)OpIIOI'O HHTaHHA rpH6a.
Caxapoaa
Ali-vi n0J1H-
caxapHnbl
AHp0r F{urpaA I;)
KN C'IOTJ
(-11K)KOHO Baa
KHC11OTa
raHuepuH ,E- _____
)1(11pHble KHC1OTI
VKCyCHan KHCJIOTJ
-F---'- f' e K C O S a
^, p IC
aMli Ht: ;CnOT 61
A6n04H3s
KHCJIOrI
Acn
KaNpCn013
(P yMaposa51
K II Cn Ora
I +N
I if
bCJIKN
j~? N
C1 - Xe'T0rJT10Tap0B3Q
KH Cn0Ta
11HC-aK0HHT0B3A
KN C11OTa
it
H301NMOHHaa
KHC110Ta
11
PHC. 1. CXcMa KJIer04Horo o6MCHa HCI11COrU N, Aspergillus (no KpC6Cy, c 113MCHCHHHMH).
061Ik[H 06MCH BC1i CCTB KaK C;11IHOe 11CCIOC II0Pa3PbIB11O CB513a1I C O6MC-
[IOM H IIpCBpal[1CIIHCM 9IICpr1111 B }KHBOM Opl'a1IH3Me. OCIIOBHbIMII 1ICTO9HH-
KaMH, H3 KOTOPb1X OpFa11H3Mbi H01VrfaIO1' 31ieprHIO, 1ICO6XOJIHMVK) A'71A HX
11OpMaJIbIlOki }[:113H0,jeflTeJ1b1IOCT1f, HB1HIOTCH J1b1XaHHe H pa3J1INilOI'O poAa
'Ip0?KCi1H5i. COP1aclio TC01)i1H 1(0:TbI~1eLia (1924), I1pO11CCCbI JjbIXaHHA it 6p0-
iKCHHH, )yJ_[y')Ii CBI3aIlHbIMH B C,IHHVIO CiCTCMy, BHa1la3C HJyT HO C;1H)[OMy
pVC.iiy? B JIa1biICHIlleM IlyTll IIpCBp3[H.CH11SI 11pOMCiKyTO14Hb1X I1puJ1,yKTOB paCXO-
JIIITC[1. IIPH 1[3J1HtI11[1 K1ICJ10pOJ[d it aKTHBIIOH OKHC.IIHTCJIbHOH (j)CpMCHTaTHB-
HOH CIICCCMbI Hp01ICX0;1[IT OK}IC.'1:11'IC [IX ;i0 yl'1CK11CJIOTb1 H BOJIbi. B 6e-KHC-
110p0JIHOIII Cpcae 06pa3ylOTC51pa3JIHUI[b[C HpOAyKTbI 6p0)Kel1HA, B TOM rIHCJie H
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0 npupode cuNTe3a A1LtOHHO1! KUCOTW y Aspergillus niger IN
3THJIOBb!H CHH9T, HOHB1e1THe KOTOpOro HpocJle}KHBaeTCH H y Asperglllus niger
(pHC. 1). YrJIeBOJjbI He HBJIHIOTC5T e,1HHCTBeHHbIM MaTepHa1OM Jj1H )jhixaHHH;
B Hpouecc MOryT 6bITb BK110geflbi 6eJIKH, KHpbl H ApyrHe oprawlgecKHe
BcluecTBa.
,LblxaHHe H HpeBpanjeHNC BeH1,eCT3 TecJIO CBH3aIIbI McNK,gy co60H KaK
)]IepreTHgeCKaB H MaTepHaJlbIlaH CTOp0.3b1 cuHHOPO o6Me1ia BeHleCTB NKHBO^O
''ma. HanpaBJICHHOCTb H HIITCHCHBHOCrb 3THX npOueCCOB y pa3HbiX opraH113-
MOB o6yCJIOB1ITBa1OTC5i Ha1HgHeM COOTBCTCTByIOHjeH ([iepMeHTaTHBHOH C)T-
CTCMbI.
HyTb CTyneHgaTOro OKHC.i1eHHH IIHpoBHHOrpa,ijlloli KIICIIOTbI B npOuecce
jb1Xan,rn HpH BO3HHKHOBCHHH H B3aHMHOM nepeXOAe p5jja TpH- H JjHKap6o-
iIOBbIX KNCJIOT jpyr B jjpyra He HCK.1IO iaCT, a, Hao6090T, JjOHOJIHHCT B3FJIH1j
I3yTKeBllua (1939, 1941) Ha jbixamic xaK Ha ripouecc oKHC1eHHH caxapa c
I!POMCNKVTOIIIIbIM o6pa3oBaIiJIeM Kap6olioBblx KHCJIOT. Ha.moglle ;,{e B OJI10m
JIIIKJIC CC-KCTOr.11OTapoBOlT, (J)yMapoBOH H iuaBeJleBO-yKCyCHOFi KHC.'IOT, 'KOTO-
pblC MOT'yT C.TyNKBTb OAHOBpeMeIIHo Vr1CpOJHbIMH CKeJICTaMIi HpH noCTpoeHHli
OeJIKOBbIx TO, POI3OpHT O npa30Te BbFCKa3bi3aHIiLi KocTblgeBa (KocTbigeB H
1ICCIIOKOB, 1927; KOCTb100B. 1932) B OTFIOHIeHHH HyT1i 06pa3oBaIj11H pBJja
OpraHHilecKllx KHCJIOT B paCTeI11411.
Ho I1aHIHM Ha61IO1,eHHHM, B HpHCyTCTBHH H36bITKa yrleBOjjoB B CV6CTpa-
Te it HpH HpeKpaiucHHH aKTHBliorO POCTa nPOHCXOJjHT IlepenoaHeH1Ie KJIeT'oK
HpOMe}KVT041[bIMH HpO/AyKTaMN pacna ja yrJIeBo, oB, KOTOpble HpH HaJIH'HIII
(:OOTBCTCTBV1oIjCH (j)epMeHTaTHBHOI$ CHCTCMbI MOryT Hepepa6aTbH3aTbC9 B 6o-
.fee 1T1H Menee Cra6lIlbHble BenjecTBa - B oprauJigeCKNe KHCJIOTbi, B TOM
4IIC.1e B JIHMOIIHyJO KIICJIOTy. DTN Ha611ojeHHH Jja1OT B03MONKIIOCTb floejaraTb,
'ITO JIHMOd1HaH KHCJIOTa HaKan1IIBaeTCH B 31Ia4HTe1bHOM KOJIHICCTBe B PC-
3yJIbTaTe Hc3aBeprlleHHOro HO4e,1V-J1H6o CHHTe3a aMHHOKHCuOT, KBK 3T0 Hpejj-
HOJIaraJl KOCTbigeB (1932). HHTCIICHBHOCTb 06pa310BaHH51 J1HMOHH0Ii KHC1OTh1
rp16OM 3aBHCHT OF C1Ii3HO.1TOrHliecxHX CBOHCTB, HpHCyHjHX 1 aITUIOMy IIITBMMy.
OF CFO COCTOHHHH H OT yC.'IOBNH Ky.?IbTHBHpOBaHHH, B TOM '-IHCJIe if OT yCJIOBHH
IINTaHH2. B HaCTOH[UCH pa6OTe :119 3KCHepHMCHTOB MbI IIC11O?Tb3oBa,IH
HIT. ,N4 6/5 rpH6a Aspergillus niger, HBIH1OHiHHCB HaH601ee aKTHBHbiA1
KHCTOTOO6pa3o3aTe:IeI HpH C6pa KHBaIH1It caxapa.
KyebTHBHpoBa}IHe Ispergillus niger OCyHjeCTBJIHCTCH Ha CaxapHOM pac-
TBope, co,gepxcaHjeM B I .1 -HTaTe:lbHhie co:iii: NH4CI - 4,0 r; KH2PO4 --
0>,5 r; MgSO4 ? 7H20 - 0,5 r; ZnSO4 ? 7H20 - 0,05 r H FeSO4. 7H09 -
0,025 r. HHTaTeJIbHbIH paCTBOp HaJIHBaeTCH B COCyII C.IIOeM BbICOTOIT 2 CM If
3acesaeTC31 KOIIHJjHHMH rpH6a. I7pH TeMnepaType 32-34? iepe3 jIBOe cyrnK
Ha HOBepXHOCTH CpeJ bl BbIpaCTaeT CHJIOH1HaH H1eHKa MHIjCJIHH. B ,iaJIi,He1i-
IHeM KyJIbTNBHpoBaHHe rpu6a ocylljeCTB.i7HeTCH 6000MCHHbIM HJIH CMeI11ThIM
McTO;jaMH. B nepBOM C.>Tytlae rII)N Ha,T1n11fIH H36bITKa caxapa B HIITaTelblioH
cpeJje (20-25%) B Kd1eTKaX rpH6a 1BVXCNTO1 fOFO B03pacTa Ha'lrlHaeTcH
IlpeBpauje IHe caxapa B JINMOHHVIO KNC.IOTy. 3Ta cnoCOSHOCTI, He TOJIhKO
COXpaIISICICH, HO jja?Ke y'CH1HBaeTC51 HpH CMeIIIIOM McTOJje Ky1bTHBHpOBaITI151,
KOF,ga OCTaTOK HNTaTC.AhHO1-o paCTBOI)a IIQp BbipOCHleGG H:IeI1KO11 M11Ije.;IHH
;JBMeHHOTCH paCTBOpOM caxapa, ,THII1eHHb1M HHTaTeJIbHbIX Co1eH.
B Ta61T. I N 2 HpHBeueHbl pC3yJIbTacbl CepHII OHbITOB HO CpaBHelIHlo IIpO-
11000OB pOCTa II KHCJIOTOO6pa3oBaFIHH y rpH6a B 3aBHCHMOCTIi OT McTOJjOB
Ky1bTHBIIpoBal1HH H HHTaHIIH a30TOM.
?aHI1b1C IIO yp0}KaIo MHUCJIHB HCKaeblBaloT, 4TO IIpoueccbl pOCTa v rpH6a
iia HHTaTe1b11of cpeJje lie 3aKaHoITBaIOTCH 13 TC'1eliHe PBVX CyTOK, a HpoJjO.'1-
,,KaIOTCSI II I103NKe. IIa 1l(-CrbtC CVTKH BCC rpH6a yBeJIH'IH1CH 6ojee iom Ha
200?/). Upn CMCHC HCXO,11101-0 11 1tTaTe.'IbilOPO pacTBopa Ha 1GOBbif{ Hpn'pOc-r
rpH6a Ha cpeje c NH4CI erne 6o,nee VBeJIH'IHJICH. BOJIbIIO Bcero IrapacTaJl
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ta6jnHUa
/I pod ytlupOeanue nnMoHnoa Kumombt epu6oM npu pa3Ju'Hbt x Memoaax
KynbmuaupoeaHUS+ U a 3aeucuMocmu om tpopMbt a3otna e numameAbHOU cpeae
(KyJtbntypa 6eccMennax, daHHbie e e)
4epe3 jeoe CyrOK
rlepe3 IHeCTb CYTOK
BhICOTa
cJIOH mITa-
TenhHOr1
nonyverlo nH-
MOHHOYi KHC-
cyxOti Bee
MH4enHA
(nonyverlo nx- I cyxoii B
i1 KHC- xen
MOBHO M1;
ec
HA
cpel:bl, CM
JIOTbI
JI I,
NH4C1
1,86
2,25
4,42
7,00
NHaNO-~
2,32
2,07
16,90
7,20
NaNO3
1,54
1,50
14,16
5,90
---
NH4CI
3,02
2,73
19,69
10,9
5
N I-14NOs
4,01
3,00
16,52
8,6
7
NaNO3
1,05
1,32
16,46
7,0
7
Ta6JHua 2
(Ipoayt{upoeanue AUMOHHOU KucAornbt 2pu6oM npu pa3ituvnbIX Mentoaax KyJtbtnueupoeanux
U 6 3aeucuMoclnu om g5opMhl a3oma e numamen1no0 cpeae (Kynbmypa oanocjenna1;
p(cm-aeoe C9t110K Ha nutnameabnOU cpeae c eblcomoU most 2 CM, dannbte a 0)
6po>KetHHe r'epe3 ieTFepo cyroK
Ha 20%-HoM caxaphOM pacTBope c a3o-
TOM (NH4CI)
(DOpMa
a30Ta
nojly''eHo JIH-
MOHHOB KIICnO-
TbI
C\'XOlI
eec
MHOenHA
nonyHCHO nH-
IIOJIy'eHO JIH-
cyxoti MOIIHOt'1 KHCJIO-
MOHHOII KHCJIO- rIOJ1yCerIO nll-
rec ThI B nepecve-
Thl B nere!rere MOHHOii KHCJIO
MHlte- Te Ha If cyxo-
Ha I r cvxoro Tbl
nHA rO eeca rpH6a
reca rpH6a
C1
NH
11,49
9,47
1,96
22,92
7,06
4,92
4
N114NOa
13,39
7,05
2,94
20,83
6,75
4,72
NaNO3
12,52
6,25
3,23
18,08
4,96
5,60
ll p u Ni e o a H Ii C. IlacuiaAb rpa6HoO HneHKII 0,7 AM2. Ha HHTaime Aa11o 210 Mr a3OTa
1la Ka:KAbie 200 r Ji paCTBCpa, Ha 6po>KeHHe-105 Mr a30Ta Ha KwKAble 200 bin 6poAHnbHOr0
paCTBOpa.
MHIeJIHH, KyJibTHBHpCBaBIHHI4CSr 6eCCMCHIIO Ha nnTaTe:IbHOII CpeAe C NH4CI.
HaJIHTon CJloeM BbICOTOII 8 CM. TaKoe CBoeo6pa3iioe noseaerlne rpH6a Ha nH-
TaTCJIbHON Cpe,.e C XJIOpIICTbIM aMMOHrreM, o6J1a;jaIon1HM CHJIbHOH (-H3IIOJlO-
rlleICCKOi4 KHCJIOTHOCTbIO, HCCOMHCHHO 5IBJ1ICTCH pc3yJlbTaTOM Bpe,1HOrO ACIICT-
BII l CHJIblIOH MIIHCpaJIbHoii KHCJIOTbI, IIaKaHJIHBaIOLLIeHCfi B cy6CTpaTe HOCJIC
idnIOJIb30BaHHH MHIeJIHCM aMMHagHOFC a30Ta. MHHepaJlbHaR KHCJIOTa npH-
BOIIHT K HaTOJIOFHdICCKHM II3MeHeHHIM KJICTOK (B3, yTHe KJI TOK H pa3pblB HS
o6o.I04KH), 4T0 BbI3bIBaCT KpOllle'llHe rpH6HOI1 HJICIIKII.
B pe3yJIbTaTe OrpaHHIIHIBaeTcII pOCT rp116a H yFHCTaCTCH npouecc o6pa3o-
BaIIH5i JIHMOHI-IOII KHCJTOTbI. ECTeCTBeHHO, TITO 3aMeHa CTaporo paCTBOpa Ha
HOBbIIl HJIH KyJIbTHBHpcBam,ie rpH6a Ila BbICOKOM c.noe paCTBOpa o6eCHeIIH-
BaIOT yJlaJIeFIHe HpO, yKTOB O6MeHa BCHjeCTB, TOpMO351LuHX >KH3Hef'je5ITC.7b-
HOCTb rpH6a.
TIpu 6eCCMCHHOM McTojle KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSl KHCJloTOo6pa30BaHHe Hpo,IjOJI-
iXaeTCO 6ojiee HJIH MCHee 111ITCHCIIBHO y MHUCJIHSI BblpocllleFO Ha CpeaaX c
NH4NO3 H NaNO3, B TO BpCMH KaK Y MHijeJIHA, BbIpoCLHero Ha cpeae c NH4CI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O npuporOe cuHTe3a .4uMoHHOU Kucaorbt y Aspergillus niger 121
IIIITCHCHBH(?CTb KHCZOT00,6pa3oBaHHH pe3KO C.Ia6eeT. DTa pa3llnua crJia>KH-
BaeTcSJ npH nepeBOAe rpH6a Ha CBe>Kyio HHTaTeJlbxyfo Cpeay, a HpH KV,IIbTH--
BHpoBaHHH B TCLICHHC LHCCTH CVTOK 6eccMeHIfo Ba 8-caHTHMeTpe,BOM C,,IOe cpe-
AbI rp116, BbIpOCLHHFI Ha epee NH4CI, Aa>Ke o60rIIaJI IIO HHTeIICNBHOCTH
K11C.TOTO06pa30BailHH ABa ApyFHX, pOCIHHX Ha NaNO3 fi IIa NH4NO3. HaH6o-
JIee 3(N(JCKTIJBIIO 6HOCHHTC3 JIHMOHHOr6 KHCJI?OTbI ocyfljeCTBJIAJICH npH IlepeBo-
Ae rpH6a Ha caxapHble cpe,mi, co4ep KaLLwe, K)oMe caxapa, TOJIbKO a30T;
3,aeCb HaH60JIbLHyIO HPOAyKTHBHOCTb ; aJi rpn6, npe, BapHTeJIbHO BbIpOCuIHIf
iia cpeAe c NI--I4CI.
PaccMOTpHM (#)H3HOJIOrm iccKyfo CVILjIIOCTb npoi ecca npOAyuHpoBanHSI
rpI16oM JIHMOHIIO6 KHCJIOTbI B 3aBHCIIMOCTn OT yCJIOBHH KyJIbTHBHpOBaHnSI:
1) B nepHo;i aKTHBHOro pOCTa MHIjCJIHH; 2) npH npOAOJI}KeHHH MHHepaJlbHOrO
IIHTaHIIH V Bblpocmero MIIIje.OHH; 3) i,pri rlepepblBe 3 MHI1epa.lbnO:K HHTaIIHIJ
MIII.ejiHA: 4) npii IIOAKopMKe BblpoClIIero mimeju1SJ a30TOM.
1. EIPOJAY4HPOBAHHE JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI B fEPHOA
AKTHBHOTO POCTA MHUEJIHA
HpH TeMnepaType 32-35? H nponox 6-IaronpHHHTHb1x yc,IOBHHx nI1TaTC~Ib-
IJoii cpemi Tier 6bFCTpoe Hp-opaCTaHHe Koitmji 6 Aspergillus niger, pa3paeTa-
HHe rn(fJ H OopMllpoBaHlle Ha noBepXHOCTII paCTBopa K KOHgy BTOpbIX CYTOK
CnJIOIHHOU n.ne1lKH rpl16a.
B nepnoA aKTHBHOrO pocTa yr.nepoj pacTBOpa B OCHOBHOM pacxo,yeTtn
ffa HyMcrlbl CTPOHTeJIbHOFO O6MeHa, Ha CHHTe3 HpOTOnLfa3Mbt If IIa o6pa3oBa-
IIHe HOBbIX KJICTOK MHIjeJIHA. HHTeHCHBHbIIj POCT MOJIOAOro MHgeJIHH COnpO-
BO?KAfCTCH TaK >Ke, KaK 3TO 1-1oKa3aIIo pafree (}KypaBCKHrf, 1939a H 6), ycH-
.JeHHbIM pacxoAOM yrJIeBoJ a H Ha AblxaHHe.
HO KHCJIOTO}IaKonJleHHe Hp 3TOM IIpOHCXOAHT BCCbMa ciia6o, nprIHHHON
3roro HBJIACTCH He TOJIbKO yCHJICHIIa}I TpaTa caxapa IIa CTPOHTCJIbHbIN H
3HepreTH4cCKHN O6MCH y paCTyluero opraHll3Ma, Ho ii o6LgaH CJIa6oCTb MOJIO-
Aoro (JopMHpyfomeroc5i MHI>;eJIHH.
PaCTyWUHN MHIjeJJkJj COCTOHT H3 KJIeroK, B 6OJIbIIIHHCTBe CBOeM HeCOMHeH-
IJo HMeIOLgIIX clue He ycTaHOBHBIUylOCH (pepMeHTaTHBHyJO CHCTCMy.
B TaKHX HeAo3peBlHlfx KJICTKaX (YIKypaBCKHH C COTp., 1953; (DocTep, 1950;
JIIIJuIIH H I3apHeTT, 1953) CoJ ep>KPITCH BCCbMa aKTHBHaA rJIK)K0300KCrJAa3a,
CHOCO6CTByIOutaH HpHMOMy OKHCJICHHIO FJIIOK03bI AO rJIIOKOHOBOrl KHCJIOTbl.
BOT noneMy COAep KaHHe nOCJleAHerl B HHTaTeJJbHOM pacTBope H3-fOA aByX-
CVTO4HOI'O MHHeJIHSI COCTaBJISICT Ao 30-50% OT 06Hjej KIICJIOTHOCTH paCTBO-
pa. CojjepiKaHne >KC IHMOI-IHOFI KHCJIOTbi AOCTHraeT npH BTOM TOJIbKO 50-
60% OT o61IIeil KHCJPOTHOCTn.
CJIeAyeT ylleCTb TaK>Ke, Oro HaJIIIglfC B flfTaTCJIbHOM pacTBope (JH31IOJIO
rlI4CCKI1 KHCJIbIX coneil CnOCO6CTByeT IIaKon JICHHIO B HCM OCTaTKOB MHHepaJlb-
iioi KnCJIOTbI, B CB5131I C 4C.M nOBbILnaeTCSJ KHCJIOTHOCTb paCTBopa. TaK,
IianplIMep, B pe3yJlbTaTe H36HpaTC,IbHOrO HOFJIOUjeHI1A a30Ta 1,13 NH4CI r.
paC-IBOpe MO>KCT naKanjruBaTbCH COJIIHBH KHCJIOTa HaCTOJIbJO 3Ha4HTe,'IbHO,
4To HaCTyrlaeT Aa>Ke npouecc caMopadnaAa m KpouJeIIHSI BCero MHL eJH1 I, 3
OCHOBC KOTOpo-r0 JIe>Kai, HenpaBHJIbHOC ny3bIpC3I1AHOe pa3paCTallue H pacnaA
KJIeTOK rH(j rpH6a.
IIyTH OCIIOBHOrO pacxoj a yrJIeBOAa, iaHIlOrO Ha IIIITanfle B HepnoA pocTa
rpH6a, npe,cTaBJlenbl HaMH Ha ynpomcmtOrI CXCMe KJICTOIHOFO 06MeHa Be-
HjeCTBa (pltc. 2, cxc a 1). cIepe3 woe CyTOK nouie noceBa KOHHjIHN rpn6HaSI
HiieIIKa Co3pe,BaeT HaCTOJIbKO, 4TO CTaiIOBHTCH iHpnroAtio6 AJISI HHTCHCHBHOrO
6HOCHIITe3a JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbJ.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PHC. 2.. H3MeHCHHB B o6MCHe BcmeCTB y Aspergillus n 3aBHdHMOCTII
OT McTOAOB Cr() K)'JIbT11B11pOBaHH I:
1 - nepHOA aKTHBlloro pOCT2 MHIieAHfl; 2 -- npoAan%KeHHe MHHepa.:IbIIO00 nwTaHHH y BbIpOC-
LHCrO MHIjeJIHU; ,' - nepepbt6 MHHepa JIbHOIO nUTaHHfl MHuCJIHH; 4 - IIOAKOPMIia BbIPOCWCI'O
M HIjeJIHU a3OTOM CII.loul HaU :INHHH - 3HeprHIIHbIfI IIOOIWCC, ItyHKTHpHaU - yMepeIIIIbriis
A - aJIallHII; AK - aCnaparHHOBaU KHCJIOTa; B - 6eJIOK; f -- rJIIOT3MHHOBU5I KHCAOT11
3 - 3anaCHble BCH(eCTBa; K - H-KeTOrJtloTapOBaU KHCJIOTa; JI .IHMOHHafl KHC.'IOTU, 0
o60.'IOYKa KJICTKH; 11 - I1IpoBHHOrpaJ1HaS! KHC.90Ta.
2. nPOAYILHPOBAHHE JIHMOHHOR KHCJIOTbI B CJIY'AE IIPOAOJUKEHH 1
MHHEPAJibHoro IIHTAHH9 Y BbIPOCWEI'O MHL(EJIHA
IIoc.rie JIByX CyrOK pocTa Ha 111TaTeJIbHoii cpeAc CcjJOpMHPOBaBH1Hi1C l
MHUe1IH6 rp116a CTaHOBHTCH CHOCO6HbIM K aKTHBHOMy CHHT03y JIIIMOHHOH KH-
C.noTbl H pa3BrIBaCT 3TOT HpOUCCC 3a C'IeT oCTaBIHCI'oCA B pacTBOpe 3anaca
VI'JICBo,ja.
OAHaKO HpoAyunpoBaHHe KIICJIOTbI Hp11 TaKOM 6CCCMCHIIOM KyJIbTHBHpO-
BaHI1H rpu6a Ha OAHOIi 11 TON >Ke IiCXOJJHOH IIHTaTellbIIou cpe;c HpoTeKaeT
BCC >KC cj a6Ce, 1ICM HpH CMCHHOM KYJIbTIIBHPOBHH1IH, KOI'Aa BbIpOCH144 MH-
uc.iIlii nepCBOIIHTCO Ha caxapHbIN pacrBop (~KypaBCKHN, 1939a H 6; 1950;
i ypaBcKHii H TCpeHTbCBa, 1955 H Ta6JI. 1 Ii 2 IIacTOHHZeil pa6oTbl). flpoAoJ1-
>KCIIHC HHTa1IHA BbIpoCHIero MIIUCJIHft MIIHepaJlblIbIMH COJIAMH HHTaTCJIbHO13
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0 npupode cuxre3a /1uMOHHOU KUCJiOTb1 y Aspergillus niger 123
cpe,jbI HPHBOjIHT K ,jaJlb1IefIHIeMy IlapaCTaHHIo MaCCbI MHIje.AHSI H nepenoJlHe-
uTK) KJIeTOK MHHepa.AbIlbJrIN 3JIeMeHTaMN, TO c)cjia6JIHeT ,je5TCJIbIIOCTb (JJep-
MC1ITaTHBHOFi CHCTeMbi, 06yC.IIOBJIHBaK)Ii eFI CHHTe3 JIHMOHHOFi K1ICJIOTbI.
\Ha.IIOI-H9Hy10 KapTHHy Hepe3peBaFlHH M[il[eJIHB H Oc a6.1IeHHft KIICaOToo6pa-
3oBal{HH y Hero MbI Ha6JIlo, aeM H Film cHeiiHoM McTOjje, Kor,ja B 3aMCH21o-
IIIIIii CaXapflblii PacTBOp BBO,jHTCfl nce 3JIeMeHTbI MHHepa.nbHoro HHTaHHH
%IKypaBCKHF[ H TepeHTbeBa, 1955). KaK BF1 HO 113 jjalIHbIX Ta6J1. 2, KHCJIOTO-
O6pa3yIOllja51 aKTHBHOCTb MHue.IIF1B B HCpec eTe Ha ejjiIIJHljy CVXOro Beca y
rpii6a, n nygnBHierO ,jonoAHIITe.lb1loe MFIHepa 3bl,oe IIIITaHHe, HpIIMepllO B j1Ba
pa3a ciia6ce, 9cM y' rpH6a, IIaxO;LHBHIeI'ocH IIa caxapHOM paCTBOpe C a30TOM.
')TO rOBOpHT 0 HecOMH011110fi HIIaKT11BaIjHH (1)ePMel1TaTHBHOf CIiCTeMbi, o6y-
CJIOBJIHBaIOn(efi CHHT03 JIIIMOHH011 KHC.IIOTbI, H 06 H3BCCTHOM q)113HOJIOrH9e-
CKOM nepe3peBaru1fH KJICT'OK rpH6a I[O, BJIHHH!CM H36b1TKa BIICCC'HHbIX 3.II0-
MCIITOB nHTaHI1 1.
06 HHaKTHBaIjWH H Hepe3peBa11NH MHUCJIHH, KaK IIOKa3aJIH Ha6JHo,jeHNfl
>KypaBCKoro H TepelJTbeBOFI (1955), MOMKIIO CyjjUTb Fl HO TOMY, 4T0 nOBTOp-
HOe BBC,ijeHFte noj MHueJIH6 caxapHbIX pacTBOpOB nocJle HpeKpalueHHH nO,j-
KOpMKH MHHCpaJIbHbIMH 9JIeMe1ITaMH fO.1THOCTbiO yMKe He BOCCTaIIaBJIHBBC1
1'Tpa9eHHylo rpH6oM HHTeIICIIBHOCTb KHCJIOTOO6pa3o,Baril H
KaK BJIHHIOT Ha 6HOCHHTe3 JIHMO11FI06 KHC.JIOTbI OTjjeJIblibie 3JIeMeHTbi MH-
llepaJIbl{OPO HHTaIIHB, HOKa3b!BaeT OnbIT, HpOBeJjCHHblfl ilaMH COBMCCTHK) c
KaCTcri rpaBHHTCTblio HC,gOZ1-0. T-ICpC3 2-4 CYTOK HaCTyHaCr 3aMeT1iOC
yMCIIBHICIIHC KOTIIT-ICCTBa npo,'J,yw1pyCMOH T'pII6OM TI1IMOIIII01I KHCJIOTbI. DTO
oc ra6JICIIHe KIICJIOToo6pa3OBaHH2 IlpOrpCCCHpyeT B J a.1bliefLIICM, lieCMOTplI
Ha nepHO;jHtICCKIIC CMCIIBI CTapblx Ho:Iyc6po'+ cl1HbIX caxapHbIX paCTBOPOB
Ha noBble. B Ta6JI. 5 noKasaiio, 'ITO ViIIue:Ii{li, Ky:IbT1IBHp0BaBIIIHFiCI Ha ca-
xapHOM pacTBOpe 6e3 a30Ta, Ha 7-8-e CyTKH npouecca HMCa1 B TpH-IHCCTb
1)a3 6oJIee II113KY10 KHCTOTOo6pa3yloujylo 1KT14BHOCTb (B nepecHeTe Ha cyXOI'i
BCC , 4CM MHUCJIHil, h 0,11V-IHBHIHH a3OT. O;[IIOBpeMCHHo rpH6Ha1T HJIOHKa c
H0BCpXHOCTII HepccTacT 6bITb cile>Kiio-OCJioi1 6Jiaro;Lapn nponHTbIBaHHIO
pacT7BOpOM, IIa KOTOpoM mia n.naBaeT.
Y 13BCCTHO, 'ITO 6e:IKI1 HJIa3MbI Ilaxo;j'TCH B IieHpCpbIBIIOM jBH)KeHMI - CO-
3rLaaHH11 H pacna;je. UJiq HX B03061IOBJIE,IIIB HeO6Xoj[HMO C03AaHHe HOBbIX
aMHIIOKHCJIOT. B (alIHoM cjlygae 3T0 II04T1! HCK.lIO4I0IIO BBHAy OTCyT,CTBH51
a30Ta B cy6cTpaTe, a OJjl10CTOp0IiHHii pacna;j 6CTKOB KJICTOK npojOMKaeTC5I
C Bb[;jeJICHHCM aMMlfaKa, KOTOpblrl TIi6o ilacTHLIHo peyTIiJIH3HpyeTC51, TH6o
BbIXOJLHT H3 MHU6'I1iSI B BHJC M0`IeB11Hbi HJlli aMMHa'-IHOH COJIH JIHMOHHOH
KHCTOTbi. BC3a3OTHCTbIC OCTaTKH aMIiHOKHC.iIOT MOFVT 6b1Tb oKHCTeHbi Ao CO_,
H H2O. BHjjHMO HO3TOMy y rpIlCOB po ja Aspergillus, OTJIHiralolunxcn nOBbi-
IHCHHOfI HHTCIICHBIIOCTbK) (j)1J31,10,IOFH4CCKIIX HpOII.000OB, B yCJIOBHHX HeAO?CTaT-
Ka a3,OTa B cv6CTpaTaX ;LOB'OJIbIIO 6b!C'rpo Ha6JIIOjja1OTC9 naTOTOrIl'-IeCKHe
HBJICHHII - C;Ie jCTBIIC O1ICBH;IIIOFO Hapyruellllr CBOHCTB Ho iynpololuaeMOCTH
y HOrpaHHzlllblX CJIOCB n.TIa3MbI - it Ila;jeiille (j)epMCIITaTIIBHOII KIICJIOToo6pa-
3yIoaell aKrHBIIOCTIl KJICTOK.
FIeCMOTpSI Ha HpeKpaluemie aKTIIBHOITO lraKOHJIeHIrrl AKI BOII MaTepHH, Be,
rp116a IIa 4ITCTOM caxapHOM paCTBOpe BCC >KC yBeJIH'IHBaCTc , 'ITO npoucXO-
JjIIT, O1{CBII,Ul0, 3a C'ICT OTJIO?KCIIIIIT B li,1CTKax 3allacllblx BelueCtB.
4. 11P0,aYRHPOBAHHE JIHMOHHOH KHCJ10Tb1 B CJIYtIAE uOAKOPMKH
BbIPOCWEEO MHLtEJIHA A30TOM
TIpo 3aMCIIC IHITaTCJIbIKTro paCTBopa HO;j BbIpOCWCiT rp116HON n PCIIKOIi
K011110HTplipoBallllbTM caxapxb1M paCTBOP0M C ;jo6aB.Iel-IHCM a30Ta THK)Kc
npHO,_Tal[aP.IIIBaiorl' l pocTOBbiC nllOll CCbI It 0C.Ia6.1fteTcII Jb1xaHoe. Ho B
ITpTICVTCTBIIII a3OTil B caxapHoM pacTBope CHHTC3 ,IIIMOIIHOH KIICJIOTbI KJICT-
KaMIH rp116a OCvIIjeCTB:I'CTC51 Hall60.'IC(I aKTHBHO) 11 B TC9CIIHC BecbMa 11po-
IOJI}KIiTC,TIe[OI'0 Bpe i'I(11 (Ta6a. 5).
Ila.ilii'Hie HOCTOSTIIIlObO H36bITKa 130Ta, oueBHjlHO, o6CCne'IHBaeT iienpe-
J)bI1311OC BOCcralioB.TIcInre it IICpecIpoHKy 113MCIiHI0IIL1IXCA 6e.'IKOB n.na3MbI HyTeM
nplicoe;jHIIe111151 IIOBbIX aMIII1OK4CJIOT It aMIIHOrpy'n11 B3aMCII yTpa9CI111bIX B
iipoijeccax paella;ja 6c:iioo.
.3BCI165T IiIIK:Ia Tpi[Kap6OHOBbhx KHC:IOT -- IIHpoBIIhhorpa;jhIan, (C-KeTOr.71OTa-
po13aA, a THK}KC (j)yti'IapoBaIT 11,X1 ujaBe;leB0yKCyCIIa5I --- ;ja1OT Hpli aMhlilOpo
Ba11I111 COOTBCI': rBCH11O aJlalliIIl, r.1IOTaMHIIOByIO it acnaparl[IIOByIO KIICJIOTbl.
Tlepc'IHCJICIIIbIC aM11H0KIICJIOTbI HCH0Cpe;jCTBeH1I0 HTII HYTeM nepeaMHllHpo-
BahIIIa o6vc:I04:lITaIo Hco6x3:urMOe rionO.IT[Cllxc (n n);uLcp)KaHHe B aKTHB-
HOM COCT051IIHH) 11O;1BH]K11bIX 6C.i1KOB }KITBOII M3TCpHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0 npupode CUBTe3(1 ntMOHHOO KUCM)Tb1 y Aspergillus niger
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I peM.q , cymiru
B 3TOM, B nCpByfO o iepe,Ib, fla.jo BHjjeTb oco6oe CTHMyJIHpyIOHjee j eI3-
CTBIIC a30Ta Ha Hp01jecc 06pa3oBaHHR JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI. U36b1TOK BBO,jIT-
MorO c pacTBOpoM a30Ta MOxceT 6bITb npespamell BHyTpH K:1eTKH B pe3epB-
IIyK) o6e3Bpe%euIHyJo ,jJIH 2KHBbIX KJIeTOK Cj]opMy FJIIOTa1IIHa HJIH acnapa-
H11a.
KOJmHtleCTBei1HO 3Ta HOTpe6HOCTb B a30TO (KaK H B opraHHHecKHX KHC.1o-
Tax) 3jjCCb BecbMa MaJIa, HO 6e3 a3OTa, a CJIe,r oBaTe.1bIIO, 6e3 B03o6HOB 1e-
naa 6eJIKOB 0,111OCTOpOI{HHH HpOTpecCHpyionjaH pacnajj Hx HOCTCBeHHO nplf
BOjj;rT K I[aTO
1or;I4e.CK[[M A
.
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IIHB fKTifBl10H }KJl3BCJC2Te:Ib11OCT;r V BbIpoC-
i_HeH if Ky.3hTnBllpyeNIOii {Ia caxapHO r
parTBOpe rpH6xo1 H:[e[IKI1 Hei ooipe6nocrn
B l)oc(4Ope. HpHCVTCTBIIC B }J1eTKax rpH6a
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MbIX 6C.1KOB npe,jOXpaHxCT MHIjCj1HH oC
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pocrnero rp116a Co3jjaeT Jr 3jjCCb OTxToIIeII-
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MoHHOH KIIC IOTbl (pac. 2, cxeMa 4). J/I3-
6blTOK yrJICBO;jOB OT.OaraeTCA B B111'je 3a-
naCHb[X BCIIICrTB -- rJIHKorelra m Rp.
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JIOT0o.6pa3y1oH[eH rpa6iio0 fl iellxa no.1y-
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3KI[Mn 6por:r:IbHbl\IH pacrsopaMH, 6oraTbl-
MB caxapo1I, ellje B 6O:IbLIef cTeneHH CTH-
MyJrlfpyeT CIIHTCC3 .'iHMO11HOit KIICJIOTbI B
KJICTKax MHl e:IHSI (}KypaBCK[TH, 1950? >Kv-
PHc. 3. K11C,1OToo6pa3oBaHHe V
Aspergillus niger (WT. Ns 6/5)
B 3aBHCH6IOCT11 UT MMCTO,2a ero
KyJ CT H BH PUB aH HA:
1 HUH MHOCOCMeIIHOM McTOI[e; 2
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I10 %1.
paBCxHH it TepelrTbeBa, 1955). B cBn31f C 9TTIM MHOrOCNIC' Hblii MOTO,j xy:lb-
TIIBHpOBannH rpH6a, -ipaxTlmKyeMb1fi 06bI1HO HpH C6paaO .111 .13UTa
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100,1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
t
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0 npupode Cunre3a 1uxonuou KuC11OTb1 y Aspergillus niger 129
6bIJI HOJIygeH, KaK 3TO BN,'jIIO 13 HOCJIe)jHe1I CTpOKC Ta6a, 6, pexopAHo BbICO-
KH0 BbIXO,,~ JIHMOHHOf, KHCJIOTbl, AOCTHf-woujHN 1000 r C I M2 rpF16HOII NJIeHKH
B cpeliHeM 3a O,iHH CyTKH npouecca. TaKaJ BMCOKaSI aKTHBHOCTb rpH6a, Ha-
XoAHHleroc i 6eccmeHHO Ha HCXO,LHOM pacTBOpe C MlIHepaJlbHbJM1 COJIHMH,
HHCKOJIbKO He HPOTHB0pe4HT HaHIHM Hpe)ibIJryjgHM paccy}K,IjeHHSIM- B 3TOH
Cpelje KOHUeHTpaUHH cpoc )opa yMeHbiueHa B;IBOe, C0J ep)1 a1INe CepbI JIOBe-
JIeHo 20 B03MO>KHOrO M'IIHHMyMa H, BMCCTe C TeM, C0XpaHe1I 1,136bJTOK a30Ta,
rlpageM 90% ero Aalro B BH,:,ie MOgeBNHb1? Ha 3TOFI CpeAe Bblpocman rpH6HaH
Ta6.nH1a 6
3Haueuue ebtcombi most h y~bmypanbhoao paemeopa PAX Kuenonloo6pa3yo, 111 axmuenocnui
epuoa Aspergillus niger
HIT. 6 5.
0HbIT B CTBKaHax)
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8
9
20
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,
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8
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KHCJfoTy. O'ICHb MaJlbie KOJIHgCCTBa (j)OC(bopa, HOCTyilalOlHero 13 pe3y,,7bTaTe
A4(1Iy3IfH H3 HH}KH;IX C070CB paCTBOpa B MIIHeJ1u i, TpaTHTCB Ha paBHoMep-
HbIII, 3aMe)uieHHO HJjyFHUf pOCT HOBbIX KJICTOK H HOTOMy He HBJIHK)TCH Home-
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BaeTCH Ha BbfcOKOM ypoB11('. 6,Tiaro,IapH H36bITKy B Cpej e yrjleBoja a30Ta H
OTHOCHTCJIbrJOMy He;PocTaTKy q)occJJopa H CepbI,
CJIC;IyCT OTMeTHTb, 'TO HPeo6JlaiaHHe B 1HTaTeJIbH0M cy6cTpaTe a30Ta
Ha rI (1)OC(J)opo:M HaXOjHT COOTBeTCTByfoujee CTpa}KeHrle H B CO,'ICP?KaHHN 3THX
9JIeMe,{TOB B CaMOM MHNe.7IHH. HpHgeM 'CM BblHle OTHOHICHH0 CO;Iep'KaHHH
B MIIU0;IH,I a30Ta K 0!oCiJOpy, TCM aKTIIBIICe, KaK 3TO BHA
(CM. Ta6JI. 4), HpoTehaeT H 61IOCHHTe3 JIHMOFIHOIf KHCJIOTbI, HO H3 aHdJIN30B
TaKHM 06pa3oM, HapO HOJIaraTb, 'ITO 6oJ7ee HaN McBee 311aL1HTejlbHoe
o6pa30ban Ie JIFIMOIIHCFI KHCJIOTbl IIa6.'IfopaeTC9 HpH OTKJIOHeIIHOM 06MCHe
BCWCCTB, BO3IIIIKwe1NI B pe3yJIbTaTe HpeKpaHIeHNH CHHTC3a 6ejIK0B if jpyrHX
CTpyKTypIIbIX BeuIeCTB KJICTKH. B 3TOM CJIyoae HPO,ZYKTbI C.Ia,ja
HO,~ BG3ACIiCTBI1eM cneuH(t' +)HgCCKoii ~pa yrloC CH-
,'IONOJIIIIITPJIbH013 (bCpMCIiT$THI31{OK CN
C'ICMLI MOryT HpeBpauJaTbcc B HCKOTOpble CTa6HJIbHble BelueCTBa 11, B gaCT-
HOCTH, B .TIHMOHHyIO KIICJIOTy. HaJIH'He Hpouecca o6pa3OBaHHB JIHMOHHOH
KHCJIOTbl B HHKJle TpH- H JIHKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT OHpeaeJfHeT TeCHyIO B3aHMO-
CBSI3b 3TOr o Hpouecca C OCHOBHbIMH (1JH3HOJI0CHgeCKHMH CTOpoHafH eJ uHOro
9 Tpy,-fII NH-Ta MHKpo6xonorBa, Ban. 6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
130 F. N. ,)Kypa6CKua
o6NIcHa BCIUCCTB B KJICTKC - C 6eJIKOBb!M H yFJIeBOJ1,HbIM o6MeIloM, C jjbl-
xaHneM H T. J. I1pil 3TONi CJIClyeT yIICCTb, LITO, IlanpHMep, Ocoa6JIeHHc Oco-
KOBOrO CIHIT03a B KJICTKe Fie 0623aTCJ11,110 KOMHCHCIHPYCTCA Ko:1u leCTBCHHO
(r10 yrJlcpoLy) paBllb1M o6pa3OBaHHeM JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI. B MOJIOAOM
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pH
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100
535
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95
650
120
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100 328
400
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14
140 580
180
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3
2
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5,2
5 4
,
20
100
630
100
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2
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5,8
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20
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168
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5,1
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100
785
100 3,17
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1240
160 2,97
5
2
CaCO3 5,3
5,5
34 100
630 100
4,05
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1072 170
3,98
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2 CaCO3 5,0
5,2
24 100 695
100
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40 160 9/i5
136
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675
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jJuna.UKa 6po:meHUM U IMIX00 cnupma npu ccaxapueaxuu 3amopoe eny6unnou Kynbmypo1S
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(3aTOp 25 r MYKH+1OO MJI BO,7,b1)
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1060
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6,65
6,75
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1060
3,25
4,35
6,15
6,3
6,55
6,79
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
H
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BAURKue Coieu A a2nuR na Aspergillus niger 153
B AaJIbHeHHIeM 6bIJIH HpOBeAeHbI OHbITbI BbIpaHjHBaHHR rpH6a Ha KOHLjeH-
TTPHppoBaHHOI7 6apje. KOHLjeHTpau oR paCTBOpHMbIX BeILjeCTB 6bIJIa HOAIIRTa
6%, a HepaCTBOpHMbIX-AO 3%, T. e. yBeJIHgeHa BJJBoe no cpaBHeHHK)
c o6bj4HoII. ,Jij o6ecneLieHHR rpH6a HCTOTIHHKOM yr.nepoaa 6bIJI0 Ao6aBJ1eHo
2% MyKH. Yr,IIeKHCJIbJ1I MarHHII BHOCHJICH B KoJIHgeCTBe 0,25%. BblpaHjnBaHI4e
rpH6a Ha TaKOM cy6CTpaTe B AByX HOBTOpHbIX onbiTax AaJIo Ky9bTypy B liep-
BOM OHbITe C aMH.IIOJIHTH reCKOFI aKTHBHOCTbIO 60 eA. H C AeKCTpHHOJIHTHTIe-
cxoi aKTHBHOCTbIO 1000 eJj. B HOBTOpHOM OIIbITe nOKa3aTeJlb aMHJIOJIHTIITIe-
CKOI3 aKTHBHOCTH 6bI3 paBeH 40 e,., a nOKa3aTeJib AeKCTpHHOJIHTHTIecKOfI
aKTHBHOCTH - 1060 exj. B KOHTpoJIe c yr.IeKHCJIbIM KaJIbuHeM noKa3aTeJ7b
HepBOII 6bIJI paBeH 15 eq., a HOKa3aTeJIb BTOpOIi - 675 eA. KOHe1IHaI BeJIH-
4HHa pH B KyJlbType c MarHHeM COCTBBHJIa 5,4, a C KaJIbUHeM - 5,6.
KyJlbTypa rpH6a, BbIpaLgeHHa3I Ha KOHIjeHTPHPOBaHHOH 6apAe c MyK013
H MarHHeM, HpoMeHRJraCb B npo6HOM c6pa}KHBaHHH. ,f JIH cpaBHeHHR 3aTOpbl
OCaxapHBa.IIHCb Ky.IIbTypOH rpH6a C TaKOI3 }Ke A'eKCTPHHOJIHTHtIecKOIi aKTHB-
HGCTbMO, 110 aMHJ1OJIHTHgeCKaR aKTHBHOCTb 6bl1la B AeCRTb pa3 c.IIa6ee. Ilory-
TIeHHbre aaHHble npeACTaBJIeHbI B Ta6Jr. 3.
Ta6nnua3
.Y ;0 6pnMcuusj .T1yvKOeO eamopa npu ccasapanuxuu Ky,zmrrmypou epu6a c pasnueNo(
aMuno,iumu,iccKou a deKempuHCiuinuKeciou anmuenocmnro
(3aTOp 25 r MyxH-!-100 M.O BOAbI)
KonH'?ecT-
BO KYJlbTY-
BbIACJI(Flo COz, rj'Tac
A
C
pbi, o
K 3aTOpy
.
.,
eA. Bo3pacT KYJIbTypbI, vacbl
r Ba25r
K TCO-
16 24 40
MyKH
peTH4eCKO-
MY BbIXOJ(Y
12 1
9
265
4,3,5
i,7
6,6 6,75
7
02
93
12
HS8
5,1
5,95
6,5 6
75
,
7
0
93
6 9
6
148
4,75
5,65
,
6,25 6,5
,
6
75
92
0,6
6
159
3,25
4,55
6,15 6
55
,
79
6
92
6
99
4,3
5,3
,
6,2 6,45
,
0 , 5
91
KaK BHAHO 143 MaTepHaJIOB Ta6JIHLjbI, KyJlbTypa c pa3Ho13 aMHJIOJIHTHTIe-
CKOH aKTHBIIOCTbIO, CyAR HO BbIXOAy CHHpTa, He OKa3bIBaeT BHIIHRHHR na noJl-
HOTy OCaxapliBar1112 KpaXMajJa. Z),IIR o6ecrTegeI-IHR BbICOKOII HOJIHOTbI Bb16pa-
}KHBBHII9 JeKCTPHHO2IHTIIgecKoro (JepMeHTa AOJI}KHO 6bITb AaHo HC McHee
150 eA. Ha 25 r MyKH.
3aaaeIa BTOporo 3Tarla Hcc.TleAOBaHHII CBOAH.IIaCb K HOAbICKBHHIO Taxoro
HCTOTIHHKa MarHHR, npHMeIIeHHe KOTOporo 6bIJIo 6bI 3KOHOMHgeCKH gOCTyHHbIM
JLJIN HPOH3BOACTBa. B CBH3H C )THM 6b1.1H HCHbITaHbI AOJIOMHT H MarHe3HT.
,0J1OMHT 0Ka3aJICR HenpHroaHbIM H3-3a Hpeo6HaAalorljer0 COAepa4aHHR B
HCM KaJIbj[HR HaA M3:IIHCM.
HPHMCHCHHe MarHe3HTa Aaao 6JIarOHpHRTIIble pe3yJIbTaTbl (Ta6a. 4).
MaTepuaJlbI, npHBeaeHHble B Ta6.TI. 4, CBHAeTedlbCTByK)T 0 B03MO>KHOCTH 3a
McHb1 yrJIeKHCJIOrO MarHnR Ha MarHe3HT, TaK KaK B BTOM cJrygae coxpaHROTC31
6JlaronpHRTHoe ae%ICTBHe MarHHR Ha (pe'PMeHTaTHBHyIO aKTHBHOCTb.
B 6apge, ynapeHHOFI C 4% paCTBOpH'MbIX -BCLueCTB qo 6%, MaFHHII yBeJ114-
TIHBaeT He TOJIbKO RCKCTPHHOTIHTH"ICCXyIO, HO H aMHJIOJIHTHtIeCKyio aKTIJBHOCTb
KyJIbTypbl rpH6a.
CTHMyo F1pyioLUee AeI1CTBHe MarriHR Ha HaKOHJIeHHe AeKCTPHIIO~'IHTHTIeCKOrO
H MaJIbTO30paCLLjeHJIRIO1L Cro (pepMel-ITOB rpH6oM A. niger, KaK y3Ke rOBOpH-
JIOCh. HPOHBJIHeTCR He3aBHCHMO OT pH Cpe,gbI. )1JIH 60JIbJneIl IIarJIRJjHOCTH
HpHBOARTCR MaTepHaJ7bI OHbITa, B KOTOpOM aKTHBHaH KHCJIOTHOCTb HOJjr'jep}K1I-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
15!i _ B. B_BRTKUK
Ta(.naua 4
13AU;rnue .aa/Kesuma na 0epMeHelamu13uy10 ah1IIn8H(?CH11, /Ay6unnou KyAbtilypbi epu6a A. niger
(6ap,aa c 4% paCTBCpUMhIX aeaiecTB)
Ko.nn' e(T-
I C lTpaJln3yloulce
,T Lori oil I IHTCJIbnoe
Heul,CCT BO, r
IOHTallne
Kouc'1I0
pH
1
HO Mnlje-
JInH, F Ha
00 Mn cpe-
n7,1
5,5
3,12
490
100
25 CaCO3
0
5,9
3,22
515
105
,
CO
25 M
0
5,9)
3,17
7515
162
g
,
3 0,3 MaFHC3HTa
5,85
3,2
830
169
5,3
3,3
20
560
100
25 CaCO3
0
(1, 1
3,8
30
650
196
,
25 MgCO,
0
5,8
3,3
30
765
136
,
0,3 niarlle3HTa
5,7
3,3
40
810
146
15 %% KapTOC);e.m,Hoi
\1(. rrt
4, (i
3,02
445
100
25 Ca(--O3
0
5,3
3,17
720
160
,
25 MgCO3
0
5,2
2,87
945
212
,
0,3 MarHe3HTa
5,0
2,9
1015
228
11 , C,
2,55
675
'100
3 MartIC31ITa
0
5,4
2,7
855
126
,
0,3 MgCO3 .
4,6
3,05
1036
150
4,3
2,61
7,3
580
100
15 MarHe3llTa .
0
!,7
2,78
6,8
980
170
,
25
2
4
2,63
11,3
1250
214
0,
,
4,2
4,9
1072
4,7
!i,7
1400
25 MgCO3 . .
0
4,85
4,85
1460
,
To we . . . . .
6,8
5,2
1700
BaJIaCb IIp1I HOMOL101 I-ICI H NH4CI Ha BbICOKOM ypOBHe (pH=4,O) Ha Hp0-
T2}KCIIHII BCCFO Hpollecca BbIpaLUIIBaIIHSI (Ta6.-i. 5).
H0.'Iy40HIIble pe3yJlbTaTbl y'Ka3biBaK)T Ha TO, 11T0 IIe3aBHCHM0 OT pI-I Ky.-lb'
TyOaJIbHOII }KHJI,KOCTH MaFIIC3HT IIOBbiwae'r J eKCTpHHOJIHTH9eCKyI O H MaJlbTa3-
IIVIO aKTHBIIOCTb r iy6HHHOId Ky.lbTypbl rpH6a.
bJIarOHpIIBTHOC BJIIIBIIHC Mari1119 Ha (pepMCHTaTHBHYIO aKTHBIIOCTb rJIy6nIi-
Boll KyJlbTypbI rpH6a A. niger HO6y)1,HJIO Hac HCHbITHTb , pyrHe M0Ta.1.;lb1
(pe3V.nbTaTbl HpHMCHCHHB Ka,IbIH451 HpHBCAeHbI BbIIHC).
HpenHOJlara5i, IITO J1,CIICTBHC MarllliB B KaKOII-TO Mepe CBn3al-IO C KOM-
i:JICKC006pa3YIOLI1CH ciioco6II0CTb1O 9TOrO MCTaJIJIa, B OHbITbI 6bI.HI BKJ110-ICHbl
.O FHC McTaJIJIbI, XapaKTC1)H3VKOH1.HeCB BbICOKOII cnoco6HOCTbIO KOMH.IICK000C-
pa30BaI1H51,- IIHIIK, K06a.IbT H BHCM,T.
I Ia6J110/1CHHSI noKa3a.!IH, '-ITO MarHHH He MO)KCT 6bITb BameHeH yKa3aHHhIMIi
McIa.IJIaMH (Ta6 a. 6).
).ecICTBHC MarHHB CHCI>HCJIhIIIO B OTHOHICHHH HpHMenueMOro BHJja rpH6a.
OHo BpOHBJrnCTC51 iia pa3JIHBHbIX HLTaMMaX A. niger, HO HC o611apy Keuo B
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BliuRHue coneu Maeuux Ha Aspergillus niger
Ta6.aiua 5
BAunHue Maceun Ha gepiiekmamueuyio aKlnu8Hcntb eny6uHH011 Kynbmypbc
A. n.ger a 3aeucuMocmu om pH cy0empama
4 r MyKH . . . . . . . . . . .
0,25 MgCO3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
0,05 NH4C1-1-HCI * . . . . . . . . .
0,15 MgCO3--0,05N114C1 IICI . . .
* HCI Ao6aBnnnacb B
p11= 4,1.
uav. I KOHC'I.
41, 4
6,8
4,1
4,1
4,8
5,2
4,1
4'1
A. C., I A. C.,
eA. CA.
850
1400
765
1500
M. C.,
CA.
100
250
112
261
Heo6xo,HMi.ix A.an yCTaHOIMeHHB
Ta6jaHua 6
BAwmuI Neiomopbcx Mema.voe Ha cpepMeumamu(Hyin
aKmueHCemb eny6uuuou Kyabmypbc A. niger
1A.
C. I a. c.
I M. C.
13 e;mim fax
2.0 MyKH . .
650
112
0,25 MgO . . .
900
206
0,05 GO . . .
675
175
2.0 MVKH 5,
3
855
185
0,25 MgO 5,
3
1100
313
0,25 ZnO 4,
8
765
133
2,0 MyKH . . .
765
101
0,25 MgO . . . .
1100
175
0,05 GO . ,
675
112
0,26 Bi (NO3),
675
59
k:Jly4ae Bbipau Bai1HSI na 9THx cy6cTpaTax A. oryzae, 'ITO C.IeJIyeT 113 MaTe-
pHaJioB, HpHBef eIIHbIX B Ta6Ji. 7.
Ta6.aii Ua 7
/Liu,mue Maenux Ha rJep.ueHnaamuauyin aKmu~H^cros enyo'unHMx xynbmyp Aspergillus niger
u Aspergillus oryzae
A. niger
To Hie
A. oryzae
To 'KC
4,0 MyKH -0,5 NH4C1 i- FICI . . . . .
4,0 My!u 4-0,15 MgO 0,5 NH4CI }.HCI
4,0 MyKH+0,5 NH,CI+HCI . . . . .
4,0 MyKH 0,15 MgO I-NH4CI+HCI
In'Iii llb
Iloe
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
KOIICI-
IIOC
4,1
4,1
5,0
5,3
1. C.II.C.Irb1.C.
2,6
13
30
40
765
1500
560
560
112
261
60
68
LlTO6bI BbTACIHITb pOJlb uoiia Mar11Iia B Hpoijecce CrO B03JjCNCTBHfl
Ha CHIITe3 rp1160M CNCpMCHTOB, O,-II1OBpc1eH1I0 C MarHI1cM B Ka4CCTBe KOM-
I;JICKC006pa30BaTeJIA C MCTa,3. aMH (MarHHCM H IIp.) BIlocJ1,'IaCb IIaTpHCBa5I
COJIh 3TliJICII,i[HaMHIITeTpayKCyCHOII KHCJIOTbI (TpaJIOH B).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
156 B. B. BHTKUH
BnuFHue 9muAcHCua~l uHrrcmpa4M cHru xucArmbl (mruArna B) a xaznu1I Ha
tPepMenmamu8Hyro aKmUen(CMb KyAbmypbl epuCa
A. C. I I. C. I M. C.
5,9
8
765
901
25 MgO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,5
0
30
1100
175
,
0 n1yKH+0,25 MgOd-0,05 TpIJJIOHa B . . 5,2
2
24
968
170
,
0 MyKH-f-0,25 MgOH-0,1 TpHnoxa B . . 5,0
2
20
800
170
,
2,0 MyKH-+0,1 TpHnoxa B . . . . . . . 5,5
4
580
49
BJIHHHIIe HaTpHeBON COJIII 3THJIeHAnaMnHTeTpayKCyCHOH KHCJIOTbI, BHeCeH-
HOH B Cy6CTpaT OAHOBpeMeHHO C MarHHeM, HpHBeAeHO B Ta6JI. 8.
AIIaJIH3 nOJIyteilHbIX J~aHHbIX yKa3blBaeT Ha TO, 'ITO OJ[IIOBpeMeHHOe BBC-
JjeHne B Cy6CTpaT MarHHH H 9TwwleIIAHaMHHTeTpayKCyCHOH KHCJIOTbI 0cJIa6.?Ae:
6JIaronpuHTHOe aeACTBHe MarHu i Ha (3epMelITaTHBHyio aKTHBHOCTb rJly6HHuO4
KyJlbTypbl A. niger. Y4nTbIBaB pe3yJIbTaTbI 3THX OHbITOB, MO)KHO npeAHoela-
raTb, 'ITO ACFCTBHe MarHIIH CBH3aHO C erO CBo60JlHbIMH IIOHaMH. CB93aunbiff
?Ke MarHIIH aKTHBHpyIOLunM )jefCTBHeM He o6JIaAaeT.
BbiBOA bI
1. UOKa3aHa BO3MO}KHOCTb 3Hau lTe.IbHoro HOBbIHICIIHB (pepMeIITaTHBHOH
aKTHBHOCTH ri1y61IIIHOH KyJIbTypbl rpH6a A. niger npH Ao6aBJIeIIHn B cy6CTpaT
yFJICKIICJIOIO MarHUH HJIH OKHCH MarHIIH B BHAe TeXHHLIeCKOFO npenapaTa.
2. FIOBbILueHne (pePMeHTaTIIBHOH aKTHBHOCTH HOA BJIIIHHHeM MarHJ1I n0-
3BOJIHeT n04Tn BABOC rlOHH3HTb HOPMy BHeCeIIHH r.Iy6,HHHOH KyJIbTypbl AJIH
ocaXapHBaHnH 3aTOpOB.
3. IlpHMCHeHHe MaFHHH COnpOBO%AaeTCH nOBbiuieHneM aKTIIBIION KHC.lOT-
HOCTH KyJIbTypaJIbHOH 3KHaKOCTH, 4TO cllinKaeT 6JIarOnpIIHTHOe AecCTBIIe Mar-
HIM Ha aMHJIa3HyIO aKTIIBHOCTb.
4. Ha KOHueHTpHpOBaIIHOH 6apie aKTIIBHacI KHCJIOTHOCTb He AocTh:r aeT
ypOBHH, HpenHTCTBYIOIIjeFO HaKOn.neHnlo aMHJIa3bl, H B 3TOM CJiy4ae MarH1H
yBeJIH4hBaeT He TOJIbKO AeKCTpnHOJIHTI'eCKyiO H MaJIbTa3HYIO, HO iH aMHJIO-
JIHTH4eCKyK) aKPHBIIOCTb KyJlbTypbl rpn6a.
5. CTHMyJIHpyIOMee BJIHHHHe MarHHH B npouecce HaKOH.ileHIB A. Luger
KpaXMannopacmenJIHIOIi[HX (JepMeHTOB, BO3MO}KHO, CBH3aIIO C HapywweIIIIeM
HoHHOH ypaBHOBeIueHHOCTH nHTaTeJIbHOro Cy6CTpaTa.
JIIITEPATYPA
B A T K H H B. B. YCJIOBIIB pOCTa -,inueJIHB H HaKOnJIeHNB aMHJIOJIIHTH4eCKHX t4epMeHTOB npH
rJIy6HHHOM BbIpaIuHBaHHH rpu6a Aspergillus niger. Tpyabl BHI4I4CII, IlnUjenpOMH3J1aT,
1954, Bbin. III, CTp. 34.
K 0 C T bi 4 e B C. II. (DIUHOJIOrHB pacTeHxu. OF143, 1947.
K JI H M 0 B C K H N A. H., P 0,1 3 e B H 'i B. 14. MCTO;j onpeuerleHHSI aKTHBHOCTH coJIoiia B
Cn11pTOBOB npoMbImJIeHHOCTH. TpyAbl BHH11CI-I, IlunjenpoMH3AaT, 1952, BbIn. 2, cTp. 83.
C e H T - A )K H O p a b n A. 0 Mbhme4HOil 1je2TeJIbHOCTII. MearH3, 1947.
C 0 T H H K o3 E. H. 1. 06pa3oBaHHe JIIMOHHOIi KHCJIOTbI rpH6K0M A. niger. 06pa30BaIIHe
JIHMOHHOil KIICaOTbI Ha 6eccMeHHbIX paCTBOpaX. JLOKJI. AH CCCP, 1934a, T. 3, Ne 4,
cTp. 273.
CO T H H K 0 B E. H. II. 06pa3oBaHHe JIIIMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI Ha CMeHHbIX paCTBOpaX. Tat ace,
CTp. 279
COT H H K 0 B E. 14. 111. 06pa30BaHHe JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbl Ha MHOrOKpaTHOCMeHHOM pac-
TBOpe. AOKJI. AH CCCP, 19346, T. 3, Na 5, Up. 544.
\V e b s t e r Y. a. V a m e r J. Aspartase metabolism and asparagine synthesis in plant
systems. J. Biol. Chem., 1955, v. 215, N 1, p. 97.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
F. M. 11/ae zoecrcui~
BJIH$IHHE )KEJIE3'A HA CHHTE3 PH5O41JIABHHA
H AbIXATEJIbHbJE CHCTEMbI ,U PO)K)KEN
CANDIDA GUILLIERMONDII
(JlbsoncIHR rocy,~apcrseutri,rIl yHHBepcHTeT HM. H. I'paHKO)
CnocO6HOCTb MHKp0OpraHH3MOB o6pa3OBbIBaTb 6oJIbLuHe KOJIH4eCTBa BH-
TaMHHOB npHBJIeKaeT K ce6e BHHMaHHC KaK C npaKTHLIeCKOiI, TaK H C ieope-
TIiMICCKOI'i TO4eK 3peHHH. Pa3JIHgHble MHKpo6bI - CHHTeTHKH BHTaMHIIOB B12 H
B2 - MOryT HCHOJIb30BaTbCH JjJIH npOMbIIHJIeHuoro HOJIy4eI lIH 3THX BH'raMH-
IIOB, a TaK}Ke )IJIH H3FOTOBJIeHHA BHTaMHHI13HpOBaHHbIX HpOJgyKTOB H KOpMOB.
BMecTe C TOM, HccJIej oBaHHSi McXaHH3Ma BHTaMHHOB, np1i411H
CFO H0HBJIeIILIN H pa3BHTH51, HBJIASICb HaH6oJlee BepHbiM nyTeM OBJIa11eHLISI H
C03HaTeJIbIIOro ynpaBJleHHfl 3THMH npoueccaMH, paCKpbIBaIOT OCHOBHble 3aKO-
IloMepHOCTIl IIopMaJIblIOro H OTKJIOHeHHOFO o6MeIIa BeLueCTB MHKp06HOli
KJIeTKH.
K rpynHe MHKpO6OB - CBePXCHHTeTHKOB BHTaMHHa B2 (pH6o(pJIaBH-
Ha)- npHHaztJleacaT acnoporennble apotKxKH Candida Guilliernzondii. Cno-
Co6HOCTb C. Cuilliermondii K o6pa3oBaIIHIo 60JIbHJHX KOJIHIICCTB J)H60[1JJIaB11-
Ha 6bIJIa OTKpbITa B 1943 r. Bepxroiib;gepor (Burkholder, 1943a u 6) H, He-
3aBHCHMO OT Hero, rOgoM r1o33Ke LlloncpepoM (Schopfer, 1944). Pa60Ta 1H
3THX HccJIejOBaTeJIeiI, oco6eHII0 bepKroJlbJjepa, 6bIJIO H3y'1eno BJIHHHHe pa3-
.IIH4HbIX (]3aKTOpOB BHeIHHef! CpeJtbi H YCJIOBHH HHTaHHH ua o6pa3OBaHHe BH-
TBMHHa B2 C. Gudliermondii. B iaCTHOCTH, 6blJio yCTaHOB.AeHO, TO 06pa3o-
BaHHIO BHTaMIIHOB CIIOCO6CTBYIOT a3pauHSI H HeKOTOpble HCT04IIIIKH yr.TIeao,g-
IIOFO H a3OTHCTOro 1IHTaxnfl, 0006eHHO HOKOTOpbIO aMHIIOKHCJIOTbI.
BCKope OTKpbITHe BepKrOJIbJjepa H LBon(pepa HOJITBCp;jH.7III 1 aH1Iep H Jjp.
(Tanner, Vojnovich a. Van Lanen, 1945). OHIH ycTallooHJIII TaK}Ke.
6OJ1bH1yIo 4yBCTBH're..7bIIOCTb HaKOnJIeHHH pH60(jJJIaBHIia B KyJlbType
C. Guilliermondii K }KeJle3y. OKa3aglocb, 4T0 BbICOKaH HHTeIICHBHOCTb HaKOn-
JI0HI151 pI6o(jJIaBHHa B03MO}KHa JIHI.Hb npH COJ[ep}KaIIHH B cpeje MHIIHMa.TIbIIbIX
(0,04-0,06 y/MJI) KOJIH4eCTB 3TOF0 McTBJI JIa. YBeJIH ieuHe COaep>Ka1IHfl }Ke_-
JIe3a Jjo 0,1 y/MJI pe3KO CHH}KaeT HaKOHJIeHHe p116o(p,AaBHHa. OTKpbITIIe TaKO-
r0 CneljH(j)H4eCKOlO JjeHCTBHH }KeJ1e3a 0OCTaBHJ10 HO,g COMIIOHIIC pCyJIbTaTbI
MHOrHX pallee HpOH3B0,g1MbIX OnblTOB, HIM KOTOpbIX ire o4IirgaJild peaKTIIBOB
11 [OCy,gy OT nplIMece>;i 11 3arpH3lleHHli -Ke,Tle30M. KpoMe Toro, npaKTH4ecKoe
HCHOJIb3OBaHHe C. Guilliermondii C LLeJIbK) npOMbIHIJIeHHOro nOJly4errHSI pil6o-
H)JIaBHHa IIJIH Bn'raMIIHH3aUHH I1p0JLyKTOB oKa3aJI0Cb Tpy1IHbr1. fpaBJja, B
1949 r. coo6Lua.lOCb 0 B03M0}KHOCTII fe 'y ieHHH BHTaMHHa B2 IIPH nOMOlijrl
C. Guillier/nondii H C. Jlareri B HoJIy3abo cfcux NiaCLLITa6ax Ha cpeJ[ax, 6eg-
Ilbix >Ke.le30M (Levine H Jjp., 1949), O4HaKO HIITep#C HCCJIC;joBaTejleI3 K 3TNM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
JIpo}K}KaM ocJIa6JIBeTCA, HecMOTp4I Ila TO, 'ITO npilllHHbl TopM031u er0 JeRC'r-
BIISI >KC.;I03a IM HaKOH1e1nie pit6oO)JIaBHHa B CpCJC O'CTaJIHCb rieNCCJIe1jOBaI1-
1IIbIMN.
B miTepaType BbICKa3aHbl IlpeJno-ToN eHII9 OTIIOCIITCJIbHO MCX3HH3Ma JICH
CTBHB }KCJIC3a Ha IiaKonJTeIIIIe piT6o(PJIaBNI-la B KyJlbType aUeTOlio6YTfi OBh1X
J1CBli-
6aKT0pNiI, 96dT5iK)L1IHXCfl TaK}Ke CBepXCNHTC"rNK8Mi1 Bi.TdMNHa B2. TaK,
TOII (Leviton, 1946) C'IHTaJI, 'ITO B H1)IICYTCTBHH IIOBbIIUCHHbIX KOJIH'ICCTB
}KeJie3a CII1ITC3 pn6o(pJIaBHIIa lie nOJaBJIfleTCn, a npOHCXOJNT pa3pyLH0111te
y}Ke. O6pa30l3alIHOr0 6aKTCpHBMII BHTaMHHa. Flo MIIeHHIO MMaf (Imai, 1955),
3KCJIC30 yrlleTaCT JCHTC.IIbHOCTb ()epMeIITOI3, yIIaCTBylOHINX B C11IITe3e MOJICKy-
Jibl p1160(1)JIaBHfla. BIlo.lorl14CCKOe 06-bSICIIeiIHe JaiilOrO HBJICIIHR IIpHBOJHT B
CBOC1 pa6oTC XIIKKCi'l (Hickey, 1945). DToT aBTOp rio,TlaraeT, T-ITO yCIIJICH1iOe
o6pa3oBaHHC BNTaMHIIa II PM ilH3KNX KOHIICIITpaIIHHX )Ke.TIe3a B cpeie CBil3a1i0
C 1-IapyniciiI[eM cm-Ire3a }K0JIC3oCOJCp1Kanlr1X IblXaTCJlbllblX (JepMeHTOB Cl. ace-
lobulyllcutli if riacTI19110H iiX 3aMeH0il (j).TaBOnpOTeHjIIbIMH CHCTCMaNH. rlpuu
JOCTa'rc)LmOM cHa6>KCH1ill CpCJbl }KCJIe3OM Heo6xoJHMOCTb B HOBbIHICHHOM
o6pa30BaillTH BHTaMItlIa B2 4KO6bI oTnaJaeT.
B liaCTOflill,CIt pa6oTe i13JlaraeTCO HOHbITKa BbIHCHHTb XapaKTep BJI115111HI
}KCJIC3a iia HaKo1LIICHNe pH60(j)JIaBNHa B KyJlbTypaX C. Gullliernlondii 1.
B CBCTC npOBCJCHHblX NCCJICJOBaI1i1u c Cl. acelobulylicum MO}KHO 6bIJI0 IIpCJ-
no.noxcH'rb, ITO H B KyJlbType C. Guillierrnondii xceJle3o Jiii6o CNOCO6CTByeT
pa3pywCH11I0 yxce 06pa3OBallHOrO Jp0)K}KaMH BHTaMNHa, Jin6o, BJINHB IIa o6-
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(jJI a BHI I a.
>Ke an npOBepl'ITb BO3MO}KIIOCTb pa3pyiueHNn pT6o(JJIaBNHa B KyJlbType'
C. Guilliermondii C HoBbILHeHHbIM COJCpWaHHeM }Kejie3a (0,11 '2/MJI), Mbl
Hpn6aBJI5IJIH K HHTaTCTlbHOH cpeac BCpKFO.TIbJepa C rJIHKOKOJIOM, Ha Koropou
BblpaILIIiBaJIIICb J2po>K)KH, p116o(PJIaBHH JO K0IIU0HTpauI1 15,0 Y/MJI H npOBe-
pBJIH coaep>KaHHe 9TOFO BHTaMHHa nocae CCMI3 JHeil HHKy6auHH (MeTOJH-
Ka OnbITOB onucaHa B pa6oTC UJaBJIOBCKOrO H 1-IHCTBKOBOH, 1956). OJHOBpe-
MCHIiO CTaBHJIIICb KOIITpOJlbnble OHbITbl 6e3 npH6aBJICHH5I pH600)JIaBHHa K
KyJIbTypaM Jpo K)Kef. IIpH OnpeJCJICHHn BIITaMHHa BBOJHJIacb rlOnpaBKa Ha
ncnapellue cpei i npH 1II-IKy6aIIH11. IIpH yrleTe CHHTC3a pu60OJIaBHHa yl-IHTbI-
Ba.IICSi TOJIbKO pi1600)JiaBHH, BbIJeJieHHblli B CpeJly.
Ta6JIHua 1
I3.usuue .NCeaesa na o6pa3oeanue it coxpaueuue pu6c4 naeuna
B rcya.5mype C. Guilliermcndii
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K (PC;~C, I; Mn
Y po)haii
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B BbIIIOJIHeHHH OTJ(eaibHbbX OHbITCB npuHHMaJIH y' aCTHe A. M. boraT'lyK, B. C. I-INCT%I-
KOBa 11 J1. H. CTpyroBIIIHKOBa, KOTOphIM aBTOp npBHOCHT CBOIO 6J1aro apHOCTb.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B IURHUe Icene3a Ha pu6oCllnaauH it db1xaTeRbHble CUCTeAUa d0oic3ceu 159
HOCTbIO B I-ICif COXpaiizJIil. HpH HCHbITal[IFH jeiiCTB;f5I 6o.IIee Bb1COKIIX KOII-
IleliTpaLirlH }KC:IC3a 6bL1o yCTaF[0^B.IIeiIo, eITo ;Ia}Ke 1,0 yFe/M?T lie BbI3b1BaeT
pa3pyHlelIHB BIiTaMilFia B cpc: e. TaKHM or)pa3oM, B IlpHCVTCTBII1I FIOBbILIICII-
IibiX KO.,'IFRICCTB >KCJIe3a B Cpe,2e cIier[H(f)H'ICCKH yMeHbIlIaeICSI IIIITeIICHBIFOCT3
61rocJIHTC3a pii6o(jJIaBirFra KyJILTypeii C. Guilliermondii.
a.1 H BbiKCIICFIr H BOHpoca, He TOpM0311T JIH }Ke.IIe30 BKTHBIIOCTH (J)CpMCIITOB,
IiCHOCpeJ clBCHIIO y1-IaCTBVIO111 iX B CHIITe3e MOJIeKyjj BHTaMHIIa, B IIaiurIX OHbl-
'Iax (L1JaB,1oBCK1IH, 1958) 6bIJIH HCHOJIb3oBalibI HOKOHLL[IICCII KJIeTKlr C. Gull-
liernzondii.
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iia cpe;Ie e Cy6onTii.NTa.1b11OK KoHueHi'pauijeif CCpbl (0,005 MrS/M.l), a 3aT0MI
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HpuMeiiw-iUL h TpexcyTOeIIIbIC KJICTKH C. Guilllernlondii, BbIpoCIIIIie Ha cpe,je
c 0,01 'FC/MJI H aKTHBHO CHHTe3Hpy10IIjHe pH6o(pJIaBI11I. KaK BH;jHO H3 ,2aHIIbix
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J3RU.`:Hae JKC,4L'3a Ha CH811UI'3 /)u5O(/LziaAUHa lZOKOSIU(U.MUC2 KAMIKU Ill C. G11il-
liermondii, rilhlpoculu:uu Ha cl)ede c 0,01 T Fe,Jv1U
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TC3 BHTaM11I1a c o,,miiaKOBOfl HIITCIICHBHOCTbIO, He3aBHCHMO OT CO)Jepx{aHHH
KeJIe3a B Ky.IIbTypaJ1bHOi4 }KHJ[KO-CTH. TaKHM orpa30M, M CJie3O He yFFICTaJ1O
aKTIIBFIOCTII (IJCpMC11TOB, yriaCTByIOLUHX B CHI-ITC30 MOJICKyJIbl pH6o(p..IIaBnhia
J[p0}K}KaMH, a BJIHHJFO KOCBeHIiO Ha 9TOT HPOLIeCC.
TaK KaK iia cpejlax C H113KHM cojep}KaHHeM }KeJIC3a 3IIawIHTe.IbI1O yMelib-
LHaeTCB pOCT , poxc%cII, TO, o ieBHRHO, 'ITO KyJlbTypa C. Guilliermondii B Ta-
KHX VC.IIOBFinX HCBbITbIBaCT HeJJOCTaTOK MCTaJIJIa H CC 06MeII BCLL[CCTB U0.7DK0II
B KaKO11-10 Mepe IlapywaTbCq. MO}KHO C!IHTaTb, 'ITO OJ[HHM 113 CJIe-iCTBHii 9T0-
CO HapVIHCHHSI IIBJIHeTCB KaK pa3 yciiJIeHHe CHHTe3a pH6oJJIaBHHa, 6oJIb[HHC
KOJIHgICCTBa KOTOpOI'O Bbi, eJIAIOTCIF B Cpeiy H, CJIe!jOBaTeJIbHO, He HCHOJIb3y-
FOTCA KJICTKOii ,2,15I HOCTpoeHHA KO(JJepMeHTOB.
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CTBH51, 3aTpy;u-I5PouIye HCI1O.IIb3oBaHHe )KCJIe3a B McTa6o.,IIFi3Me C. Guillier-
mondi , TaK}KC jOJI>KI[bI HpaBO1jaTb K CTHMVJIHIjaai1 CHiITe3a pH6ocp,IIaBFIHa.
Mb! HOHb1TaJIIiCb Bbl3BaTb COC'IOIIHHe Fe-iie,L ocTaTO1IHOCTH Jjp0}K}Kefi, BBO-
,19 B CpCJIy KOM'XJICKCO:)6pa3oBaTe.'I14, TaKHC, KBK O OCIIaHTpOJ11HI H (LCL
JiHpFFJI, CHeljli(j)H1I0CKH CBA3bIBaJOH(He }KCJIe3O B BO, OpaCTBOp1iMbie HOllbl
[Fe(C12H31~2)3I H [Fe(CIpHgN2)31*+ HpilMCHn.7HCb TaK}KC HOBbiHIef}ibIC
KOHi1e1ITpa1j lH HeKOTOpbiX M1IKpO9JIeMCHTOB (CLI, Mn, Co, Ni). L~JIA HFIX 6b:1
yCTaHOB,7cu Flii31I0JIOI'HrICCKHFi aliTal'011H3M C }KeJIC30M B 06MCJIC BCHiCCTB
r-pH60B H BbICLHHx pacTeHHili (Hewitt, 1948; Healy H up., 1955).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
160 F. Al. IllaanoacKUu
BAuHHue Ko.MnAexeoo6pa3oeanleneii U Kc6a2'Ima Ha poein u eunme3
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(B cpeiie 0,125 7 FejiJI)
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TIME I Mr;r
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01111 IIOKa3brBaIOT, 4T0 B HpHCyTCTBHH BbICOKHX KOIIueHTpauHH 3TOrO BeLuC-
CTBa, B 15 pa3 HpeBbILIIa}OILIHX KOJIHUeCTBO, HCO6XOJJHMOC J)JIH CBH3bIBalIHSI
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CHIITC3a pii6oq)JiaBHlla KJIeTKaMH, a TaK)KC 3aMeTI10e TOpMO)KeIiHC pOCTa KyJIb-
Typbl.
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IIpojyKTIiBIIOCTH CIIHTe3a BHTaMHHa. O,jHaKo II B 3TOM CJlyiiae OHa B03paCTa-
JIa 6oJIee 4ICM HICCTHKpaTHO. C.ieJiyeT OTMeTHTb, IITO ;(efiCTBIIC 3THX BeIUeCTB
BBJ1 [eTCB CTporO cneuH(j)HI ecKHM. KOMO,TeK0006pa3OBaTeJIb, H3611paTeJiblIO
CBII3bIBaioLuuIH ITOHbI Me;1 1 -;j H3THJIJIHTHOKap6aMaT HaTpHA, He oKa3blBaJI B
IIaLHHX OHbITaX CyI-UCCTBei[IlorO BJ111OHH5I Ha CHlITe3 pH6oc)JIaBHHa Jjpo}K}KaMH.
1'13 IICHbIThHIIbiX MHKpO9JICMCHTOB TOJIbKO Ko6aJIbT CHJIbHO nOBbUU JI HI1-
TeHdHBHOCTb 6H0CHIITC3a B13TaMHIIa B2 C. Guilliermondii. fOBbIHJeHHe KOH-
IIeIITpauHll MC, M, MapraHua H HHKCJI51 OKa3aJIOCb He9(N(~CKTHBHbIM. Haines
JjaHHbie no JIe5CTBHIO K06aJlbTa Ha CHIITe3 BHTaMHHa B2 COrJIaCyloTCa C pe-
;?yJIbTaTaMH HeaaBHOOHy6JI4KOBaHH01'I pa6OTbI DHapu (Enari, 1955), KOTOpbii(
B IICCKOJIbKO ApyrHX yCJIOBHHX OHbITa TaK)KC HOKa3aJ1 BO3MO>KHOCTb CTHMye'IH-
pODBaiul5l K06aJIbIIOM C14HTC3a pH6O(J.nabHHa y C. Guilliertnondii.
7I
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6aJIbTa Ha CHIITC3 p160(jJJIaBHHa, 6bIJIH I1pOBe;jellbl TaK)K OHbITbI C HOKO2LIIH-
1IHCA KJICTKaMH C. Cuilliermondii. YCTaHOBJIeIIO, 'ITO Ko6a:1bT HC BJIHHCT
ua i1HTCHCHBHOCTb CHHTe3a BIITaMHHa BbIpOCLHHMH KJIeTKaMH awe HpH ero
6O.7IblIIOM II36bITKC B epe;le; o-()cuaHTpOJIIIH CTHMyJIHpOBaJI 3Ha9HTCJIbHo CJIa-
6ec 9TOT HpOUCCC, 1ICM B OHbITe c paCTYL1HMH KJIeTKaMH Jgpo?1oKefi. TaKHM
o6pa3OM, JICHCTBHe 3THX BCIijeCTB na 6110CHHTC3 p116oco.TiaBIHIa, TaK }KC KaK
H ;IeiICTBHe }K0JIe3a, IIpOHBJ15IJIOCb B OCHOBHOM HpH pa3MHO>K0HHH KJICTOK B
yCJIOBIiHX O)OpMiIpOBaHIIH HMH HOBOH HpOTOHJla3Mbl. A TaK KaK CJjHIiCTBeHHON
AO CHX HOP 113BCCTIIOII (I)YIIKuIWOVi )Ke.1C3a B o6MeHe BCHICCTB OpraIIII3MOB 5IB-
.15ICTCII ygaCTHe B CTpOCHIHI (j)CpMeIITOB, TO MO)KHO C4IHTaTb, 'ITO yCHJICHHC
CHHTC3a p116o(~JIaBlllIa B yC.nOBIIHX Fe-II0;IOCTaTO4IIIOCTII KaKHM-TO o6pa3OM
CB5i3aiiO C HawiHieM aKTIIBHOCTH Fe-coJjep}KaLuiix (j)CpMCHTOB C. Guillier-
mondii.
Y4acTHe }Ke.ne3a H pH6O(j)JIaBHHa B npoueCCax 6110JIOPHgICCKOr0 OKHCJICHHSI
3aCTaBJIHeT o6paTHTb BIIHMaiiHe Ha 113yICHHC OCo6eHHOCTefI JjhIXaTCJIbiibIX
cuc rcM C. Guilliermondii B yC.IIOBHHX pa3JIH4 IIOFI O6CCHC'ICIIHOCTH KJIeTOK
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BnuRHue xcene3a Ha pu6olbnaeuH u dbexareAbxble cucreAlbi dpoxcxcea 161
}KeJIe30M H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbIHO, I1eOJ[HHaIKOBOII CHOCO6HOCTH Apo 1oKeu K CHH-
Te3y BHTaMHHa B2-
B annapaTe Bap6ypra HaMH IfccJleAosa.uocb abixaime KyJIbTyp C. Guillier-
inondii pa3JIH9HbIX B03paCTOB, BbIpOCillHx Ha CpeAaX C 0,01 H 0,2 VFe/MJI.
Pe3yJIbTaTb1 onpeaeJleHHrl HpHBeAeIIbI B Ta6JI. 4. )IByX- H nHTHCyTOgllbie KJIeT-
KH C. Guilliermondii 3THX ABYX BapuaHTOB MaJIO oTJIHT-IaiOTC51 OAHa OT ApyrouI
110 IIHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaIIIIA.
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AbIIHaJiH 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHO.
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HaJIbHbIX OKCHAa3 C. Guilliermondii, MbI OTpaBHJIH KJIeTKH Tex }Ke B03paCTOB
0,001 M pacTBOpoM KCN. OKa3aJIOCb, '4TO abIxamie Ap0}K}Kec 113 CpeAb1 Kay,
6oraTOII, TaK H 6eAHoII }KeJie30M, BOAaBJISIJIOCb 3THM SIAOM TOJIbKO B ogenb
He6oJibmo>l CTeHCHH (Ha 5-17%), a B oTAe.nbHbIX CJIyga2x 6bIJIO HOJIHOCTb10
imaHHAope3HCTeHTHbIM. KOHTpOJIbHoe onpeAeJleHHe gefICTBH51 IjHaHHAa Ha
IlCKapCKHX Apo}K}Kax Aa.mo 88% yrHeTe1H5I. MbI OTpaBJISIJIH KJIeTKH C. Guil-
liermondii TaK}Ke a3HAOM HaTpHH (0,005 M). IIpH HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3TOro
nnrH6HTOpa AbIXaHHe MOJIOAbIX jpo>K}Kef, BbIpOCMIIX Ha CpeAaX c pa3JIHLIHbIM
COAep}KaHHe1N1 }KeJIe3a, TOpMO311JIOCb UPH6JIH3IITe.IIbFIO B OAIIHaKOBOII CTeneHH
(Ha 68-72% ~B ABYXCyTOWIlIbIX Ky.nbrypax).
T-ITO KacaeTC51 Sacch. cerevisiae, To eme H.IIbBexbeMOM (Elvehjem, 1931)
6bIJIO ycTalfOBJieno naAcHHe HHTCIICHBHOCTH AbIXa1111A ApOWK}Keii, BbIpOCHIHX
Ha CpeAaX C IIIi3KHM coAepxcalIHCM }KeJ1e3a. B TaKHX KJIeTKaX B03paCTa.ia
TaK}KC CTenCHb VLIaCTIISI B AbIXa1IHH uIfaHHAOpe3HCTCIFI'IIbIX ((4)JIaBHHOBbIX)
(j)epMenTOB. IZO.,Iy~IeHllbie HaMH AaHHble noKa3bIBaIOT CyII eCTBeIIHble OTJIHiIHSI
AbIXaTe.llbHblX CI-ICTCM C. Guilliermondii H Sacch. cerevisiae. OHH CBHJ eTeJIb-
CTByIOT TaK>KC 0 IIe3HagHTe.IIbHOIi poJIH }KeJie3a B O)OPMHPOBaIIHII TepMHHaJIb-
HbIX oKCIIUa3 y C. Guillierniondli. OAIIaKO 3Tn OHbITbI AaIOT MaJIO MaTCpH-
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B AaJIbHefirueM npH nOMOIuH MIIKpOCneKTpOliaCaJKH 1),efcca 6bIJI H3y'leIl
xapaKTep IjHTpOXpoMHOil CIICTeMbI C. Guilliermondii. OKa3a.TIOCb, 'ITO CneKTpbl
IjHTPOXpOMOB 3TI!X Apo}K}Keii Jja}KC Y MOJIO,jbIX KJIeiOK Bbipa}KCIIbi CJia6ee,
i:CM y Sacch. ccrevisiae. MO}KILO pa3.IIntIIITb geTbipe HOJIOCbI nor J oiueIIHH: a --
1; 3cIIC 605 mpp, b - 564 m?., c - 551 m? H d - 530 m?.
HCc.ae; OBamie CneKTpOB KJICTOK pa3IIhIX B03paCTOB, BbIpOCU1Hx lIa Kl1"KHx
CpeAaX c MaJIbIMH (0,01 Y/M.R) H 6o.fibummif (0,1-0,2 v/MJI) KollueHTpauuifl-
MH }KCJIe3a, HOKa3aJ10 TaKHe }KO 3aKOII0MepHOCTH. CneKTpbl 'jByXCyT09IIOff
Ky.IIbTypbl Apo ioi e>I, o6ecnegIeIIHOH AOCTaTOLIIIbIM KOJIHgeCTBONI }Kedle3a, xa-
paKTepH3yK)TC5I HaJIIILIHeM c~,la6ofi HOJIOCbI a, OTHOCHTe.IIbIIO XOpOHIO Bblpa-
)KeIIHbIMH no iocaMH b m c (HpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO OAHHaKOBOf TOJIH.jHIIbI If HHTeH-
CHBHOCTH) If OLIexb cia6oLi noJlocofi d. IIpi cTapeHHH xyJIbTypbI HacTynaeT
nOCTeneHHOC OcJIa6JIeHne CneKTpOB AO HO'ITIH IIOJIHOFO HC4e3HOBe1IHSI, If a
I I Tpy,1i,1 III -Ta M11tp06eo.1o1 i lu, Bair7. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KJIeTKaX ceMHJIHeBHOrO B03paCTa MO)KHO o6Hapy)KHTb TOJIbKO 04eHb c.na6yio
HOJIOCY B 30He 550-560 m [t. HaCTynaeT KaK 6bI nOCTeneHHoe HC4e3HOBeHHe
UHTPOXPOM110H CHCTeMbi.
OAHOBpeMeHHO B TaKOl3 KyJlbType HaKanJlnBaeTCH BemeCTBO, o6JlaaaioIuee
KpaCH011 `i'JlyopeCUeHUHe11 B Yc-JIy4ax. OHo 6blJlo HaMH HAeHTH(JHuHpoBa-
HO no CHCKTpaM norJlow,eHHA, XpOMaTOrpa4JH4eCKH H no TeMnepaType nJlaBJie-
HHA KpHCTaJIJIOB erO McTHJIOBorG 3cJnpa KaK KOnpOnOp(lHpHH III (LUaBJIOB-
CKHI1 H 13oraT4yK, 1958).
I-ITO KacaeTCH KJ1eTOK C. Guilliermondii 113 cpeabI C 0,01 yFe/MJI, To
cneKTpbl HX WHTOXPOMOB Bblpa)KeHbl HeCKOJIbKO c.na6ee, oco6eHHO 3aMeTHO
ocJla6JICHHe nOJlOCbl b, KOTOpaH B TOM ciy iae 5BJ1IT TCH 6o.nee TOHKOA H Me-
Hee 11HTeHC1iBHO 1, 4eM noJioca c. CneKTpOCKonH4eCKOe Ha61noaetHe Ha1I nUTH-,
ceMHJIHeBHbIMH Ky.nbTypaMH Ha cpeue c 0,01 yFe/MJI 3aTpy1[HHJIOCb BCJIeACT-
BHe nOCTe:IeHHOrO HaKOnJIeHHA B KJIeTKaX p030BO-KpaCHOrO nmrMeHTa. Konpo-
HOp(pHpxH III npHCyTCTBOBaJI TOJIbKO B O'-IeHb He6'OJlbLHHX KoJIH4eCTBax.
HecMOTpH Ha BCe 6oJiee TeMHbIFI (jOH B cneKTpax MO)KHO 6bIJIO OTMeTHTb
HOJIOCbl b, c H d; npH 3TOM B0 BCeX c.lygaHx noJioca c OKa3aJlaCb OTHocmTeJlb-
HO CHJlbHee Bblpa}KeHa, 4eM no.noca b. Ilo.loca b npxnaltJle}KHT, KaK H3BCCT-
HO, LIHTOXPOMy b, KOTOPb1H BXOAHT B CHCTeMy CyKL[14HOKCHAa3bI (MHXJIHH,
1956; Green a. Beinert, 1955), H, TaKHM o6pa3oM, KJIeTKH C. Guilliermondii,
aKTHBHO ocyn1eCTBJIHIO11I,He CBCpXCHHre3 pi64JiaBHHa, ao.i>KHbi XapaKTepH-
30BaTbCA oCJla6.leHHON CyKuHHOKCHAa3HOI1 aKTHBHOCTbIO. 9TO npeAHOJlo>Ke-
HHe HaXOAHT KOC'BeHHOe n01[TBep3K,ae1-,,He B o6Hapy7KeHII14 HaMH (paKTa BbIje-
JIeHHA B cpe,ly 3THMH j po)K)KaMH HHTapHO11 KHCJIOTbI, KOTOPaH n04TH OTCyT-
CTBOBaJ1a B KyJlbTypaJlbHbIX }KHJIKOCTHX C rIOBbILIIeHHbIM COAep)KaHHeM ?Ke.ne-
3a. HaKOnJIeHHe B cpeAe HHTapHOil, a TaK)Ke JIHMOIIHOH H 516J1o4HON KHCJIOT
6buuLo yCTaHOBJIeHO HpH HOMOIUH McTOAa pacnpe. eJIHTeJIbHOu xpoMaTOrpa(pHH
Ha 6ymare.
I'I3y4eHHe LIHTOXPOMHOII CHCTeMbl C. Guilliermondii noKa3aJio, 4TO B yCJIO-
BHAX Fe-HeAOCTaTO4HOCTH J[e11CTBHTeJ11bHO npOHCXOAHT yMeHbLHeHHe coAep)Ka-
HHA HeKOTOPbIX N(e.ne3000Aep)KamHx (pepMeHTOB B KJIeTKax. (DaKT HaKOnJIeHIIA
Konponop(JHpHHa apo)K>KaMH Aa)Ke npH HX HHTeHCHBHOM pocTe FOBOPHJI B TO
3Ke BpeMA 0 6oJIblIIOn JIa6HJIbHOCTH npoII,e000B CHHTe3a HpOCTeTH4eCKHX rpynn
3THX (pepMeHTOB y C. Guilliermondii.
Z[JIH H3y'eHHA CTeneHH y1aCTHA pH6o4JJlaBHHa B AbIXaTeJIbHbIX CHCTeMaX
C. Guilliermondii, ocyuLeCTBJI51omi4x ero CHHTe3 c pa3JIH4HOH HHTeHCHB-
HOCTbIO, onpeJjeJIAJIOCb o6njee coaep KaHIIe 3TOrO BHTaMHHa, a TaK>Ke npo-
11eHTHOe COOTHOLIIeHHe ()JIaBHHOBbIX HyKJIeOTHJLOB B LLpoxcxcax, BbIpOCLHHX Ha
cpe,aax c 0,2 VFe/MJI n 0.2 yFe/MJ1+50 yCo,/MJI.
IIpH noMOIUH pacnpeaeJIHTeJIbHO11 xpOMaTOrpa(pHH Ha 6yMare 6blJIO ycTa-
HOBJICHO, 4T0 XOpOIHO fPOMbITble 6y(pepoM ap0)K)Km cOAepxcaT pH6o(jji HH
TOJIbKO B BHAe HVKJIeOTHJ(HbIX ()OpM (IJIaBHHOMOHOHyKJIe0THJ[a ((DMH) H
4)AaBHHa,aeHHII,I.1HHyKJIeOTHAa ((I)AU) ? B Ta6Ji. 5 npUBeJ(eHbI JI,aHHble KO.IIH4e-
CTBeHHbIX aHaJI1A30B n5ITHCyT04HbIX KJICTOK. (PJIyOpOMeTpH4ecKHM 11 MHK)o-
6HOJIOrH4eCKHl3 McTOJjbl OnpeAeJIeHHA pH6o4pJIaBHHa, HCnOJIb3oBaH11ble B 3TOM
Onb1Te, J>.ami XOpOLHO COBnaAalo11u1e pe3yJlbTaTbI.
KaK BH,1HO H3 TjaH11b1X Ta6JI. 5, B yCJIOBHHX CTHMYJIHpOBaHHA 61mcUIITe3a
pl16o(JJIaBHHa K06aJIbTOM HaCTynaeT aBYXKpaTHoe yBeJIHtIeHHe co4ep KalIHA
ceo HyKJICOTH]11IbIX ()OPM (KO(pepMeHTOB) B KJIeTKaX, 4TO yKa3blBaeT lia yBC-
.TH4CI-IHC pOJIH (pJlaBiin'OBbIX (pepMCHTOB B ablxaTeJIbHbIX CHCTeMaX C. Guil-
liermondii npH HapymeHHOM o6Melie H{eJIC3a. I'I3MCHAeTCH TaK)KC H COOTHOLLwe-
HHC OTJjCJIbHbIX (1)OpM pH6o4JJiaBHHa B J1po)K)KaX B CTOPOI-IY yBeJIH4CHHA pOJIH
1A~I, B O6MeHC.
KaK y)Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCb, no MHeHHIO HeKOTOpbIX aBTOPOB (Hickey, 1945),
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BAunnue 1ce2e3a Ha pu6o1PnaeuH u Oblxarenbxbee cucrembe dpo ic,cea 163
Ta6j1Hila 5
Codep,NCaxue HyrcneomuBHblx e/lepm pu6ocf,naeuHa a icnemxax
C. Guilliermondii npu pa3nueucu uxmenCUeHrcmu CuHme3a eumamuxa
0,2 y Fe/ ma - - -
0,2 y Fe+50 yCo/MJl
CO,q(p)KaHHC HVKJI('OTH)gHbIX
VOpmi p16O(~naBHHa
06Hy,m npOpyKTHB-
HOCTb pH604i JIaHHHa
KyJlbTypOll, 7/r KJICTOK
7Ba/r I )MH, % I %
9,59
18,83
80,7
69,6
13,3
30,4
395,7
7161,0
3aMeia Fe-coAepx(au1Hx AbixaTeJIbHbfX (pepMeHTOB Ha (JJ1aBHHOBbre MON(eT
6bITb npI4NHON B03HHKHOBejm5i CBepXCHHTe3a pN60CjlaBHHa y MHKpOOpraHH3-
MOB- MON(HO AN npHHHTb 3TO npeAJ1o2KeHHe JJiSI C. Guilliermondii B CBeTe Ha-
LHHx AaHHbIX? Ham Kax(eTCH, 4T0 TaKaA TO4Ka 3peHHn CJIHLHKOM ynpoLuaeT
BOnpOC. I'13 uaHHbIX Ta6Jf. 5 c.Ie 1yeT, 4T0 H Ha cpeue 6e3 Ko6aJIbTa C. Guil-
liermondii Bb1Aer-fleT B cpeay 3Ha4HTeJ-bHO 60Jiblue pH6o(p.naBHHa (004TH B
40 pa3), 4eM HCnOJIbsyeT ero B o6MeHe B (pOpMe KO(pepMeHTOB. B npHCYTCTBHH
Ko6aJIbTa COAepN(aHHe CJJfBB11I-IOBbIX KO(pepMeHTOB yBeJIHgHBaeTCH TOJIbKO
UABOe, B TO BpeM5 KaK o6ulaH HHTeHCHBHOCTb CHHTe3a BHTaMHHa B03pacTaeT
B 18 pa3. CJIeAOBaTcJlbxo, B yCJIOBTNx, o6ecne4HBalOLLIHX BbICOKHe YPOBHH
CBepXCHHTe3a, yXyJIIIaeTCH COoco6HO(Tb opraHH3Ma HCOOJIb3oBaTb pH6o(pJla-
BHH B CBOeM 06MeHe. TaK, KJIeTKH Ha cpeae C Ko6aJIbTOM coaep}KaT pii6o-
(pJIaBHffa B 380 pa3 McHbwe, 4eM ero CHHTe3HpyIOT B npOuecce }KH3He.2eSI-
TeJIbHOCTH.
LITO6bI nOHATb npH4HHbI CTHMyJ154LIHH CBepXCHHTe3a pn6o(p.1aBHHa
C. Guilliermondii Heo6xogHMo, no HanleMy M1ieHHIO, B nepByiO o4epe,b
H3y4HTb 3aKOHOMepHOCTH o6pa30BaH1151 ero MOJIeKyJI H3 npe,#UIBeCTBeHHHKOB.
B HaCTOAHjee BpeMB yx(e YCTaHOBJIeHO, 4TO B CHHTe3e MOJIeKyJIbI BHTaMHHa
B2 npHHHMaIOT y4aCTHe nypUHbl HJIH FIX npe)jLneCTBeHHHKH, aMHHOKHCJIOTbl
H neHT03b1, al(THBHO HCOOJlb3yeMble gpo>K>KaMH H B JpyrHx npoueccax o6Me-
Ha - B HyKJIeHHOBOM, 6eJIKOBOM H yrJIeBOJIHOM (Johnson, 1955). MWKHO
npe,noJION(HTb44TO Ha cpeAax C HH3KHM CO)jep}KaHHeM }I(eJle3a H.1IH B npHCyT-
CTBHH Ko6aJTbTa HeKOTOpbfe H3 npoueccoB yTHJIH3auuHH npeALHeCTBeHHHKOB B
McTa60JIH3Me 6yJIyT 3aMeJ1JIATbCA BCJIeJICTBHe HOHH}KeHHOf3 aKTHBHOCTH onpe-
JeneHHbIx Fe-3H3HMOB. B TaKHX CJIy'a5X 60JIbluHe KOJIH4eCTBa 3THX BemeCTB
CMOryT 6bITb BOBJIe4eHb1 B peaKLjHH 6HOCHHTe3a pH6o(pJIaBHHa, 4TO H npHBeAeT
K CTHMyJ12LIHH 3TOr0 npouecca. BBe.eHHe rOTOBbIX MOJIeKyJI HeKOTOpbIX aMH-
HOKHCJIOT H nypHHOB B KyJlbTypy MHKPO6a-CBePXCHHTeTHKa )IeICTBHTeJlbHO
npHBOAHJIO K ycuJIeHHIO CHHTe3a pH6OCpJIaBHHa (,LIHKaHCKa5, 1950, 1953; Giri
a. Krishnaswamy, 1954).
HecoMHeHHO, 4T0 TOJIbKO yrJly6JieHHoe H3y4eHHe OCO6eHHOCTef3 McTa6o-
JIH3Ma C. Guilliermondii MOx(eT npOJIHTb CBeT Ha TOHKHN McXaHH3M CTHMV-
JIHLIHH CHHTe3a p116o(JJlaBHHa, TaK x(e KaK H BbISICHHTb CywHOCTb caMoro npo-
uecca CBePXCHHTe3a,- HaH6oJlee HHTepCCHOPO HBJIeHHSI B o6MeHe BemeCTB
MHKpo6Hoi7 KJIeTKH.
BbiB0Abi
I. B HPHCYTCTBHII HOBbIIIIeHHbIX KO,lB4eCTB }Kejle3a B cpeAe (0,1 }'/M7
H 60JIbLue) TOPM03HTC51 CBepXCHHTe3 pH6o(JJIaBHHa KJICTKaMH C. Guilliermon-
dii H He I1pOHCXOgHT pa3pyweHHA 3TOro BHTaMHHa B CpeJe.
2. }KeJle30 HC BJIHHCT Ha HHTeHCHBHOCTb CHHTC3a PH604JIaBHxa nOKOHLLIH-
MHCH K.'leTKaMB C. Gullllermondll.
3. HpH noMOLIjH KoMnJlexcoo6pa3oBaTe.ne%f (o-(pef-IaHTpo.^NHa H
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
164 f. M. Illao.ao(ICKu6
IIHpHJ[HJIa), a TaK}Ke Ko6aJib'ra MO}KHO CTHMYJIHPOBaTb CBepXCHHTe3 pH6o-
(f)JIaBHHa IIa cpeiaX C nOBbIlueHHbIM CoJjep KaHHeM >KeJIe3a.
4. KJIeTKII C. Guilliermon&l, BbIpOCIHHe Ha cpe'iaX C pa3JIH11HbIM cOJ(ep-
7KaIIIICM }KCJIe3a, Ma.rn OTJ1HtIaIOTC5i JJpyr OT Apyra HO HHTeIICHBHOCTH JIb1Xa-
nun H XapaKTepy ,rjefCTBHH Ha Hero HeKOTOpbIX 4lepMCHTIIbIX HJI,OB (KCN,
NaN3).
5. C. Guilliermondii XapaKTepn3V1OTC51 OTHOCHTeJIbnO c.na60 BbIpa KCIIIIbI-
MH (no cpaBHeHHIO c Sacch. cerevisiae) CneKTpaMn norJlouieuHH 11HTOXPOMOB.
I-Ia cpeAe c 0,01 yFe/M.n `yMeHbllIaeTCH HIITCIICi4BIIOCTb n0.I0,C1,1 1), a Ha cpertaX
C 0,1-0,2 -yFe/MJI npH CTapeHHH KyJIbTyp IIaCTynaeT nOCTenelluoe HCtIe3HOBe-
1[nC BCeX HOJIOC nor.nonjeHHH H HaKOnJleHHe B KyJlbType KOnpOIlop(IJHpHHa III.
6. B yCJIOBHHX nOBbImeHHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH CHHTe3a p1160q).-iaBHIia JjpO)K-
}KH C. Guilliermondii HMelOT 6ojiee BbICOKOC coL1epxcamte IIVKJIeOTHJ1HbiX
(;)OpM BHTaMHHa B KJIeTKaX.
JI14TFPATYPA
JI. It K a H C K a u 3. M. CHHTe3 pH6o4)J1aBHHa (BHTaMHHa B2) MHKpoopraHH3MaMH. MnKpo-
6HoaorHH, 1950, 19 (3), 260.
Jj H K a H C K a H 3. M. HccnesosaHHe no (JH3110n0riH lmTaHnc rpu6a Eremothecium Ashbyii.
M11Kpo611oAorH5i, 1953, 22 (3), 256.
M H x it H H )I,. M. 1>HOnorH9ecKOe OKIMCJIOHHe. 1435-80 AH CCCP, 1956.
III a B A 0 B C K H 6 F. M. H 14 H C T 51 K 0 B a B. C. 0 BJ1IIHHH11 >Ke.le Ta Ha 61iOC1fliTe3 AH CCCP, p 9 6,
(pnaBHHa (BHTaMHHa B2) apow)KaMn Candida Guillierniondii. i++OKn
111 (4), 887.
III a B JI 0 B C K H il 1. M. it 13 0 I' a Tay K A. M. CHHTe3 KOHporOp(I)HpHHa RpO>K)KaMH Can-
dida Guilliermondii. JLOKJ1. AH CCCP, 1958, 123, 1077.
114 a 13 n 0 B C K H H F. M. CTHMyJIHpOI3aHHC CHHTe3a pn5o JaaBnHa apo>K>KaMH Candida Guil-
liermondii B npHCyTCTBHH >Kene3a B cpe5e. MHKp06HOJIOrHH, 1958, T. 27, B. 6.
B u r k h o l d e r P. Synthesis of riboflavin by a yeast. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1943a,
29/6, 166.
Burkholder P. Influence of some environmental factors upon the production of ribo-
flavin by yeast. Arch. Biochem., 19436, 3 (1), 12Land metabolism of yeast.
E I v e h j e in C. The role of iron and copper in the growth J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 90, (1), III.
F it a r i T. Effect of cobalt and iron of riboflavin production by Candida Guilliermondii.
Acta Chem. Scand., 1955, 9 (10), 1726.
G i r i K. a K r i s h it a s w a in y P. Studies on the synthesis of riboflavin by a mutant
yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol., 1954, 67, (3), 309.
G r e e n E. a. B e i n e r t 11. Biological oxidations. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1955, 4, 1.
H e a I y W., C It e n g Sze - C It u it a, Mc. E I r o y W. Metal toxicity and iron, deficiency
effects on enzymes in Neurospora. Arch. Biochem., Biophys., 1955, 54 (1), 206.
H e w i t t E. Relation of manganese and some other metals to the status of plants. Na-
ture, 1948, 161 (4091), 489.
I [ i c k e y R. The inactivation of iron by a-a'-dipyridile and its effect on riboflavin synthe-
sis by Clostridium acetobulylicum. Arch. Biochem., 1945, 8 (3), 439.
I in a i K. On the formation of riboflavin by acetonebutanol fermentation bacteria. 'elem.
Coll. Agricult. Kyoto Univer., 1955, No 73.
J o It n s o it B. Water-soluble vitamins, Part III., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1955, 4, 419.
Levine H., Oyaas J., Wasserman L., Hoogerheide J. a. Stern R. Ribo-
flavin production by Candida yeast., Ind. Eng. Cheri., 1949, 41 (8), 1665.
L e v i t o n A. Microbilogical synthesis of riboflavin, a theory concerning its inhibition.,
J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, (5), 835.
S C li o p f e r W. Les facteurs de Croissance poor quelques especes de Candida et do
Torulopsis (biotine, ancurine, mesoinositol). La biosynthese de In lactoflavine., C. R.
Sea. Soc. Phys. Hist. Natur, 1944, 61 (2), 147.
T a it n e r F., V o j it o v i c h C. H. a. V a it L a n e n J. Riboflavin production by Candida
species. Science, 1945, 101 (2616), 180.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1.. F~..70311H0(i ii R. A. Epm U el 0 NK0
d' H3HOJIOrHgECKHE H3MEHEHHA
SACCHARO,/1YCES CEREVISIAE fPH AJ AHTAL(HH K NaF
(HHCTHTYT MHKpO6HOaOrHH AH CCCP)
B HaCToHIHCC BpOMB XOpOUIO I,JBCCTHbI (paKTbl, nOKa3blBaIoWHe, 9To npH
t303;jC1 CTBHH Ha MHKpOopraHH3MbJ McTa6oJIHTaMH HJIH ()epMeHTHbIMH si)jaMll,
H36HpaT0JIbHO HOJjaBJIHIOLgHMH onpeJjeuleHHble 3BeHbn o6MeHa BelijeCTB, MOryl'
6blTb fOJlyl4eHbI (pOpMbl C 06MeIIOM -ienjeCTB, H3MeHeHHbIM B CTPOr4M 000T-
BeTCTBHII C XapaKTepoM AelCTBAH HpHMeHAeMoro aHTFIMeTa60.IHTa IIJIH fl,wa.
I.43Be0THO, HalpFmep, 14TO Hpil ajjafTaUHH CTagJFIJIOKOKKOB K CyJlb(JaMuu.
;-lam 6bIJIH nOJIygeFIbI yCTORTIHBhIC K HOCJIeJ HHM IIITaMMbI, 06JIaJjaI0IIjHe CHO_
C06HOCTbIO CHIITC3HpOBaTh B 70 pa3 60JIb1H0 p-aMHIIo6e!,30Ii10Ii KHC.IIOTb',
Ilp[I~[CM 9TIl CBOIICTBa COXpaHSI:IHCb B IIOTOMCTBC (Vivino a. Spink, 1942; Lar
dv n A p., 1913).
\opOIHO II3BCCTIILI TBN KC JfPO)K Klf. I70 JjaHHbIM CTHp H Ka-
CTOp (Stier a. Castor, 1941), yxxe npll O LHOKpaTIIOM BbipaluHBaHHH S. cere-
aaiSIUC B HplicyrClB;IJ KCN (0,001 M) o6pa3ylorco (1)opMM, uhiweHllb!e il;IITO-
yp(),NIOKCII;(a3bi, C HCI!1INWHI10ii !111T0IICH13li()'TbiO JtblXalhHA 11 TI0BbIIHCIIiIC%H flp(i-,
Ul: iblrn31 aKTlll;iioCTaio l F, 1C'HCIIIIA 9TlI CIOIiKH;c.
Coiepiilclllio alia.101'lrlliul , polo ,l'a'' bi ;io:;VII a,i C.IOHIi.IIC;iiHl (Si ;nlnlsl;l,
X953) Ilpli K>>.IbThIBl,pOBafiii II S. core ~~ISia L' JIPHCVTCTB![H ps3,1a 8K1);i; jll H(?i3.
TOKHC )Ke I13\ICII0111,1 I, T. C. 110TCpft ItIITOxj 0NT0KCHJja3hl, 6hIJ11I Ho.'Iy'lellbl !if)('-
CTbIM Bb[paIljHBaHHCD, JtpON Key B O1'CyTCTBIhC Mo.7CKy.lHplloro KHC'.'iopo; ;1,
OJjHaKO B 9TOM Cd7ytlae CHhITC3 IjllTOXpoMOKCIlra3bI JlerKO BOCCTaUaBJIIIBa,'ICSI,
Torra KaK npH aCHCTBHH aKpu, nr1oB H3MCHeHHH 6bIJIH CTOHKHMH.
IHTCpCCHbI jjaHHble BrirrepTa H BepKMaHa (Wiggert a. AVerkman, 1939),
KoTOpbie yCTaHOBHJIH, 'ITO HOCJIe OJjHOKpaTHOro BbIpaujHBaHHH B HpHCyTCTBb'iI
0,02 M NaF, KJICTKH Propionibacterium pentosaceum yTpagHBaK)T cnoco6-
110'CTb c6pa)KHBaTb CJOCC)OPHJIHPOBaH3bie COCJ HHeHHH, B LIaCTHocTH *ocq)OrJlH-
IjepHHOByIO KHCJIOTy, HOJTHOCTbIO COXpaHSISI CHO006HOCTb c6pax(HBaTb IJIIOKO3V.
ABTOpbI npHHIJIH K BblBOAy, 'ITO B pe3yJlbTaTe BO3jjeiCTBHSi NaF HpOHCxou,T;o
pa3BHTHe HHOrO, He BKJII09ahou ero (IJOCC])OpHble 9C1HpbI MexaH113Ma JjHCCHMII-
:IflIjHH FJ1OKO3bI. (I)aKTFIgeCKHe JjaHHble BHrrepTa H BepKMaHa y}Ke B nocuiejj-
Hce BpeMH 6bIJIH HOJIHOCTbIO fOJjTBep}KJjeHbI q)OJIbKOM (Volk, 1954), KOTopbIH,
ouHaKo, CBA3blBaeT Ha6JliojjaeMble SIBJIeHJ , B nepByiO otlepejjb, C H3MeHeHHe\I
HpOHHuaeMOCTH KJIeTOK.
Bee 9TH CpaKTbI (a FIX gIHCJIO MO}KeT 6bITb 3HagInTeuhIIo YMHo>KeHO) npe,j-
CTaBJIHIOTCFJ HpHHUHHHaJIbHO Ba)KIIbIMH B TeopeTHgeCKOM OTHOIHCHHH H HMCIOT
('yn eCTBeHIIOe BIIageHHe JjJIA npo6JIeMbI HarpaBJIeHHoro HOJIyteHHA npaKTHTTe-
CKH IjeHHbIX C1OPM. 9TO H HOCJIy?KHJIO OCHOBaHHeM jiIH HpOBejjeHHA HaCTOHIIjeil
11a6OTbI. CJIeJiyeT o0OBOpHTbCH, 'ITO pa6oTa I-IOCH.na HOHCKOBbIIi XapaKTep H
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
166 A. B. Jlo3unoB u B. A. EpMauertrco
He npeJICTaBJISIJIa c060H 3aseplueHHoro HCCJIel(OBaHHN. MHOrHe BOnpOCbl, 'B03-
HIIKaIoau'e B CB93H C nOnytleHHbIMH AaHHbIMH, OCTaJIHCb Hepeu-IeHHbIMu.
Pa60Ta HMCJIa ueJIbIO BbIRBHTb BO3MO}KHOCTb H3MeHeHHR apow>KeHnyTeM
KyJ1bTHBHpOBaHH5I HX B npHCyTCTBHH THHHLIHOI'O (IepMeHTHOrO RAa -- (jJTOpH-
CTOrO HaTpHR.
NaF He 9BJI5ieTC5H CTPOFO cneuf JH4HbIM nHrH6nTOpOM. CB513b1Ba5i HOHbl
Mg++, NaF RCHCTBVCT Ha PRJi (IJCPMCHTHbIX CHCTeM, Tpe6ylomHX JInR cBoeH
aKTHBHOCTH 3TOT HOII. XOpOBIO 143y40HO HHrn6HpyloLuee gefCTBHe NaF Ha 3H0-
na3y (Lohman a. MeyerhoN1F93 oJIaBJIReT Meyerhof a. g, 1 gart; WDubf aitg,
a. Christian, 1942 H up.)
1939; MaJIKOB H boraaxo~Ba, 1956 H Ap?), a B BbICOKHX KOHUeHTPauHRX TaK-
x{e m rexcoKHHa3y (Melchior a. Melchior, 1956).
ECTb AaHHbie o6 yrHeTalomeM AecCTBHH (pTOplJIa Ha abIXaTeJIbHble CH-
CTeMbI (Runnstrom u. Sperber, 1938, 1939, 1941), IB RacTHOCTH Ha nepoKCH-
Aa3y (Knox, 1954). IIpHMbIM HJIH KOCBeHHbIM HyTeM NaF B.nHSIeT H Ha HeKO-
TOpble apyrHe CTOpOHbI oOMeHa Ben eCTB. OAHaKo, cyAR no nHTepanypHl'IM
AaHHbIM, Han6onee RPKO H CFInbHO npoIBJlIeTCSI ero ReIICTBHe KaK HHrH6HTO-
pa 3110na3bl, T. e. KaK RAa, noaaBJ1 HOuiero rJIHKOJIH3. DTO aaBaJlo OCHOBaIIHe
o>KH,gaTb, 'ITO nyTeM KynbTHBHPOBaHHR Apox(x(eH B HpHCyTCTBFIH (1)TOpliAa
Mo>KeT 6b!Tb BbI3BaHO H3MeHel-Ine iix 6poltllJlbn&H 3HeprnH H HHTeHCHBHOCTH
AbIXaunI. KpoMe TOrO, yxce HeOJ[HOKpaTHO npOBOAHBHlHecR pa60TbI no aJ(an-
TauHH JLpO>K>KCI4 K ?JTOPHAy H oco6eHHO o6ulupHble FICCneAOBaHHR D(p(1JpO-
Ha (Effront, 1893, 1920 H ap.) r103BOJIgJIH HaaeuTbCSI Ha nOJlo}KHTe,IbHble
pe3ynbTaTbl, TaK KaK Aaxce npn KpaTKOBpeMeHHol aaanTauHF B yKa3aHHbIX
pa60Tax 6bIJiH nony'IeHbl 3HatlnTeJIbHble 113MeHeHmi B 6po,HJIbHOI3 aKTHBHO-
CTH.
MATEPHAJI H METOILHKA
,anH OnbITOB 6bIJIH B35ITbI )ZpOx{xCH S. cerevisiae (XII paca). KynbTHBH-
posaHne RpmKweA rlpH Hx auanTaunn K NaF H npn nOCTaHOBKe ApyrnX Onbl-
TOB npOBOJIHJIOCb, KBK npaBHJIO, Ha cpeAe Pniiep o6bILIHOro COCTaBa, HO 6e3
Conti Ca, nOCKOJIbKy Ca CBH3bIBaeT HOHbI F B TpyAHopaCTBOpFMoe coeAHHC-
HHe. OAHaKO HOH Mg++, TBK)K aaiouiHH TpyAHopaCTBOpnMbIH (~TOpuJi, 6bIJl
COXpaHeH B cpeAe. HOJiC4eT nOKa3an, 'ITO npH npHMeHHBWHXC 1 KOHueHTpa-
[iHRx NaF (0,50-0,10 M) Jiuum He6onbwaR ilaCTb F' CB513bIBaeTCH MarHHeM.
Xo,a 6poxceHnR H3yuancI O6bIYHbIM cnoCO6oM B Kon6ax 3pJIeHMeiiepa c
InapHKOBbIMH 3aTBopaMH. O6-beM Kon6 paBHRnCR 150 MJI, B KoJ16y HaJIHBa-
JIOCb 75 Mn CpeAbI PHAep C Apo>K)KeBbIM aBTOn113aTOM H 5% rJllOK03bI. B 3TOT
o6'beM CpeAbl BHOC'HJIOCb OKOJIO 2,5 MAIL. KJIeTOK H3yliaeMOH KyJIbTypbI. Heno-
cpeACTBeHHo nepeA OnbITOM BCe KynbTypbl, B TOM tLHCJIe H KyJIbTypbl co cpe-
JIbI C (4TOpHAOM, BbIpauLHBaJInCb 'B TezleHHe ABVX CyTOK Ha cpeAe PHAep 6e3
NaF, a yxce C 3TOH CpeAbl BHOCHJIICb B 6pOAHnbHble KOnbbI.
3KCfEPHMEHTAJIbHbIE AAHHbIE
IlpexxAe BCerO, cneAyeT oTMeTHTb Boo6uie 60nbulylo yCTOHtlHBOCTb Apox(-
x(eH K (jTOpHAy? Be3 BCRKOH npeJBapIITeJIbIIOH aJiaHTaUHH apOxK>KH MOryT
pa3BllBaTbCR H HeorpaHHUeHHo JJ.OnrOO BpeMH nepeceBaTbCR Ha cpeAe, co,ep-
){aLueH Jio 0,1 M NaF. Ani 3TOFO He06XOJIHMO JIHHIb BHOCHTb aOCTaToquo
6onbluoe KOnH4eCTBO nOCeBHOFO MaTepHana. Ho npouece 6po)KeHH51 B npll-
CVTCTBHFI NaF B TOH HJIH HHOH CTCneHH TopM03FITCR, a OTMHpaIHe KJICTOK
pe3KO yBeJIH'IHBaeTCH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
'PU3UOA02uuecrcue u3MexeHUR Saccharomyces cerevisiae 167
Ha pnc. I npHBe,r eHbI KpHBble 6pO}KeHHH B HeaAauTHpOBaHHOIi (K (pTOpH-
:]y) KYJIbType ApO>KxKeli B OTCYTCTBne CjTOpHJja (KpHBasr 1) H B HpHCyTCTBHH
0,05 M NaF (KpIBasI 2) (o , pyrex KPHBbIx CM. HH)Ke). Ha ocH a6cuHCc
3IIecb H Ha jipyrHX anaJIorHgHbIX KpHBbIX HaHeceHO 9HCJIO CyTOK OnblTa, IIa
OCH OpjjHHaT - BbIJjeJIeHHe CO2 B npoueHTax OT MaKCHMaJIbHoro ee BbIJIeJie-
HHSI HCXOAHOIi KyJIbTypoI B CpeJje 6e3 NaF. HHbIMn CJIOBaMH, MaKCnMaJIbHbIli
IIOA-beM KpHBOIi I COOTBeTCTByeT 100% BbiljeJleHHH C02-
700
JUI 7~d3 6
401 I1
420
a
1 2 3 It 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22' 23 24
BpeMA 6pomeHUA , cymau
PHe. 1. XoA 6poxceHHa B HcxoAHOH H RJIHTCJI~Ho aAarITHposaBHmerrIca
K cf)TOpHAy KyJibTypaX Apoacxce6:
1 - B HCXO3HOO KYJIbType B OTCyTCTBHe NaF: 2-B TOi; we KynbType B npHc -r-
CTBHH 0,05 M NaF; 3 - B a3aRTHpOBaHHOO KYJIbType B oTCyTCTBHe NaF; 4 - B HpH-
CyTCTBHH 0,05 M NaF B TOO )KO KyJlbType, B32TOiY Henocpe,rcr,eHHo nocne aA3n-
TaUHH; 5 - B HpHCyTCTBHH 0,05 M NaF B TOR we KynbType, HO nocne ee 3ByXMe-
CBgHOro naccnpoeaHHH Ha cpeae 6e3 j3TOpH3a; 6 - TO B;e nocne 4eTbrpeXMecagHOro
naCCHpoBaHHB iia cpeae 6e3 43TOpHAa
KaK BH1jHC H3 pHC. 1, KpHBaSi 6p0)KeHHSI B HpHCyTCTBHH CI)TOpHJ[a pe3KO
CHH}KeHa no cpaBiieHH10 C KOHTpO.TbHOIi KpHBOI'1, nplggeM OHa nOKa3bIBaeT, TITO
noc re HepBOHagaJIbHOro HapacTaHiSI 6po)KeHHH H noCJIe,ryJor1 ero ero npe-
KpaHIeHHH, HpHMepHo Ha 9-1141 r eHb CHOBa Ha'HHaeTCH BbIJjeJIeHHe CO2i
fPOJIoJI3KaJ u eeCS1 HO'ITH aO HOJIHOFO HC~Ie3HOBeHHH caxapa B cpe,je. 3TOT
BTOpH'HbII1 nOJj'beM KpHBoii, HO-BHJ[HMOMy, 06yCJJOBJIeH 6bICTpO npOTeKaIoujHM
npoueccoM a)janTauI4H Jjpo}K]KeIi K Rey. Bo BCSIKOM CJiy'-Iae y>Ke nOCJIe ojjHO-
KpaTHOrO KYJrbTHBHp0-BaHHH jjpo)Kace9 B IIPHCyTCTBHH q)Topa,ija OTLIeTJIHBO
FOBbIIHaeTCH HX YCTOii'IHBOCTb K riocaejwHeMy.
Ha pHc. 2 CHOBa npHBe,jeHb1 KpHBble 6p0)KeHHSI Hea,rjanTLipOBaHHOIi Kyr7b-
Typbr B HpHCyTCTBHH H B OTCyTCTBIIe 0,05 M NaF (xpaBafr 1 H 2). KyJIbTypa
JjJISH 3TOr0 OnblTa 6bIJIa B3SITa H3 KOIITpOJIbHbIX 6pOJ[H.TbHbIX KOJ16 npeljbIjjy-
Luero OHbITa (iCpnnaH 1 Ha pHC. 1). KaK BHAHO H3 rpac)HKa, 6p0}KeHHe, BbI3-
BaHHOe 3THMH Hea,1 arTrfpOBaHHbIMH KyJlbTypaMH, HpOTeKaJlo coaepmeHHO Talc
)Ke, KaK H B npeAblJjyuieM OrIbITe. O1jHOBpeMeHHO npoaepslJlocb 6po:KeHHe
B KyJlbType, BbIpaLueHHOIi B npejjbIayll eM OnbITe B cpe,re c 0,05 M
NaF (KpiBasl 2 Ha p1ic. 1), HpHll'M BbICeBbI JIJIH [OBTOpHOFO 6po.,KeHHa jje-
JIaJIHCb H3 Tpex napaJIJleJibxbrx KOJI6 Hpe-JbT-Iynjer0 OnblTa. Pe3yJIbTaTbI npo-
BepKH 6po}KeHnsi 9THX Tpex KVJIbTVp npe,IjCTaBJIeHbI I-3a TOM Hie pHCk'HKe KpH-
RhIMH 3, 4 H 5 (pi-ic. 2, A).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
168 A. B. IIo3uuoG it B. A. EpMauenko
OTLIeTJIHBO BHJIHO, LITO BO BCCX KyJlbTypax 6pox{enHe HpOTeKaJIo 3HaLili-
TeJIbHO IIHTeHCHBHee, IICM B KOHTpOJIbHOH KyJlbTyPC (KpHBa1 2), B npHCyT-
CTBHII Tex x{e K0JIHt1ecTB OTOpu;Ia. jia,iee OKa3aJIOCb, TITO 3TOT HOBbIUICII-
HbIII ypOBCHb 6po>KeHFI51 aJ[anTHpOBaBHIHXC5I KyJTbTyP COXpaHAeTC51 H HOC.'te
npOAOJIN{HTCJIbHbIX HepeCeBOB MX iia nomioueHHOIi cpeAe 6e3 NaF. 1-Ia
pnc. 2, B npiIBezeiibi KpMBble 6p0>KeHHSI U,TI51 a;IanTHpOBaHHbIX H Hea,1aIITHPO-
BaIIIIbIX KyJlbTyp noc.' c 6o,iiee IIeM McC511IHOF0 naCCHpOBaHHSI Ha cyc ie B ol-
CyTCTBHe NaF (13 nacca>I:eIi). TaKHM o6pa3OM, y}Ke oJJHOKpaTHOe KyJIbTHBH-
poBaime Ap0>K>KOfl B cpeAe c Nat' BbI3BaJIO 3HaInTeJIbHoe H, HO-BHAIIMOMV,
CTONKOC nOBbIIMCHne lIX PC3HCTCHTHOCTH K 3TOMy 51,1Y.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011
Bpeh4R 6po*eHUH , cymKU 6
A
Pair. Xo ; : ;]a223gnlt aPum cif x ~ n o; n 1V.
I C 1,. ;'11I IS nrA 1?If ! '.IBT~ ?' t I'. RV', i 1C. ( I.';'Yl'1 I) R1.
u ,~ _ ~;iinc ~ ,c i~.nu~ 1 - ,1l N,11- n r:~ nx ucn> > ,lc ~ i t iuio noc iB Iaauru-
?.1ccitp1IlmIIIrlxc,i 1:1 cpcac 6Ca 11TOpuan.
1 -- r > if, NO1unii !:e.1i?rvpc IN CPO to F,ea (I) 1PTT, 2 -- B TOii >KC T Y]T,TYPe na
cpe,ge c 0,05 M NaF; 3, 4, x 5 B ananTHpoBaHHbTx xyJlbTypax Ha cpe](C
c 0,05 M NaF
IIpOBOAnJIOCb 11 O'ICIIb AJIHTCJIbHOe (60JIee TPCX TieT) KyJIbTHBHpOBaliIIC
j[pO>K>KeII B npIICyTCTBHH (pTOpHAa, npkoleM KOHIfeIITpaWIIT noC,Hel lierO 6b1J1a
AOBeJ[ena JIo 0,1 M. ,gp0>K>KII KyJIbTHBupoBaJIHCb Ha cpCAe PHACP HDH TCM-
nepaType 28?, nepecesbi Re.HaJIHCb OAHH pa3 B HeAe.Hlo. KonueHTpaUH51 4 TOpil-
Aa aOBOJIbHO 6bICTpo 6bIJIa nox1HSITa Ao 0,05M, a 3aTCM HOCTenCHHO, B TC-
4eHHe HeCKOJIbKHX Mec5iueB, j(OBeaeHa Ao O,IM. UaJlbHeHmee KyJIbTHBHpO-
BaHHe BCJIOCb y>Ke npH 3TO13 MaKCHMaJIbHoH KOHIZeHTpauHH. B Tex we yCJIo-
BH51X, HO B cpejle 6e3 NaF BejiaCb KOHTpOJIbHa51 KyJIbTypa. Pe3yJIbTaTbl npO-
BepKH XOjja 6po}KeHHx y 3THX A.TIHTeJIbHO a,[aHTHpOBaBIIIHXC51 KyJIbTyp npuBe
JICHbI Ha pHC. 1.
KpHBbie I H 2 HOKa3bIBa1OT XOJj 6po>KeHHSI B HeaAanTHpOBaIIHOH KyJlbType
,gpO>K>KCH B npncyTCTBHII H B OTCyTCTBHe NaF (0,05 M) ; KpIIBaH 3 - xo 6po-
>KeHHB B aAarTHpOBa1IHOH KyJlbType Ha cpeAe 6e3 (jTOpHAa H HaKOIIeU, KPII-
Bble 4, 5 H 6 IIOKa3bIBaIOT 6po KeHHe B n'pHCyTCTBHH 0,05 M (~TOPHAa B ajlan-
THpOBaHHbIX KyJlbTypaX, HpHileM KPHBa5I 4 - B KyJlbType, B3HTOI3 HenO-
cpeACTBeHIIO co CpC Lbi c NaF, KPHBaHI 5-B xy.nbType, naccHpOBaBiueiCH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
cU3uollo2utecKue U3MexeHUx Saccharomyces cerevisiae 169
B TegeHHe J BYX MCCSIueB Ha cpejje 6e3 NaF, KpHBa5T 6 - B KyJlbType, nep(`-
CCBaBiueNCH Ha cpejje 6e3 CpTOpHjja CBbIHIe 4eTblpex McCHueB. OT4eTJIHBO BH;l-
HO, T-ITO y ajjaHTHpOBaHHbIX KYJlbTyp HpOIfCXOJ HT nOBbIHICHHe pe3HCTeHTHOCTl1
HO OTHOIIICHHIO K NaF, npH4eM 3Ta pe3HCTeHTHOCTb COXpaHHeTCA Aa?KC noc.'ie
O4ellb )IJIHTeJIbHbIX nepeceBOB B OTCyTCTBHe qAa. OAHaKO B pe3yJlbTaTe Hpo-
?jOJI}KHTe,,7bHOIi ay anTaunu Ile yjjaTiOCb CKOJIbKO-HH6yjjb HOBbICHTb pe3HCTeH'I-
HOCTb HO CpaBHCHHIO. C KyJlbTypaMH, O,ijHOKpaTHO KYJIbTHBHPOBaBIHIIMIJCH
B HpHCyTCTBHH NaF.
,JJIHTCJIbHaI1 aAanTauH51 He BbI3BaJIa TaK)Ke KaKHX-JIH6o cylljeCTBeunh!S
Il3MeIIeHHII H B COOTHOHIeHHH KOIIe4HbIX HpO;jyKTOB 6p0?KeHIIH.
Ta6JlHua I
CooniHouiexue Me.rcd y c6poxceHHelM eaxapoM u o6pa3oeaewaMUCR enupnioM u CO,
(6po,rceuue Ha epede Pudep c 5% anloK03bi)
COOTIIOIDe,t,,c,
KyJibTyp a
jjeHb
6pO}KHII 1$
C6po>xeiin
caxapa, %
FIeaAalITHponaHHa5
Be:i NaF
3-H
100
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100
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0,05 Al NaF
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100
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3-ii
100
II Haccul-onaninasicsi 0,05 ,A1 NaF
8-ii
100
na cyc;ic 6i NaF
13 Tar1I. 1 IIpIIIe'(ellll COOTIIOInCIIII( \IC}[i;I~' 1U i.i11I('CT1 14111 l'6p0>KCI[IlU[li
L ixapa, Ut)pa'HflI'IHCIU A CIII[pTa II BbT:e,111BIIIei1 lca N'l'JICKIICJIO"CbI a,[?IIITII-
poaa111ibIX II uc'a;[aIITup(BaliIIbIX K (1)1-0pli;ly KV'JIhT}'p
1lail0^.IIIH11. 'ITO "I^Op{'III3CChII, CC,liJ CIIH'IaTm, 4TO RCA I1110K03a IIOI11.1,
'f-OJ1bKO IM o6pa3oBalb'IC Crnlpl-a If yr.TeKiIC I0TbI, 113 100 1' 1'.`I10K03bI ZOJI?Knn
06pa3oBa-IhCH 51,1 I' CHIIpTa it 48,9 r VI'IICKIICJIOTbI. I1paKTllil0Clill BhI\O,'I
CHIipTa it o6pa3oIialllle yr;leKItCJIOTbI BCCF,T a HH?Ke, TaK KaK 4aCTb yr."IepO;ja
rJIIOKO3bI HALT na HOCTpOCHne KJIeTOK II o6pa3OBaIIHe H0604HbIX fPOAyKTOis
6po?KeFHH.
IZpHBeAennble Hamm COOT'HOHIeHHH 51B.71FIfOTCH npH6JIH?KeHHbIMH XOTH 6hl
nOTOMy, 4TO yrJleKHCJIOTa OHpe,aeJISiJIaCb JIIIIHb HO H3MeHeHHIO BCCa 6pOJjHJIb-
HbIX xoj16. TeM He MCHee, 9TH COOTHOIHeHHH HOKa3brBalOT, 4TO cynjeCTBeHHbIX
C,aBHI'OB B KOHe4HbIX pe3yJIbTaTaX 6p0}KeHHH HO;j B 7HSIHHeM a,anTauMa He
HpollcxuHT. BOJiee TOrO, HX HeT H HpH npOBegeHHII 6po?KCHHII B. npHCyTCT-
BHH 0,05 M 1"aF.
Bee 3TH j,aHHble, B 061IjeM coBna,IjaioHjHe CO CTapbIMH j_laIIHbIMH DCpa)po-
Ha, Bee me BbI3bIBaJOT y)HBJIeHHe, TaK KaK B OCTpbIX OnbITaX Ha annapaTe Bap-
6ypra (JTOpujj pe3KO HoAaBJIneT 6po?KeHHe KaK y aj[anTHpOBaHIlbIX, TaK 11 \'
IleajjarTHpOBaHHbIX KyJlbTyp. O4eBl-ii;jHO, 'ITO B npouecce AJIHTeJIbHO npOTe-
Kalorgero 6p0?KeilulI HpOHCXOJJHT KaKHe-TO JlerKoo6paTHMbie npHCHOCo6HTe.nb-
Hble H3MeHeIIHH, HHBeJIHpyIOHIHe AefCTBHe I)TOpHAa.
BoJlee HHTepeCIlble pC3yJIbTaTbl 6bMJIH HOJIy'eHbl HpH olIpe,1eJIeH1IIi HHTCII-
CHBHOCTH j[bIXaHFiH a;jaUTllpoBaHHbIX H HeajI.anTHpoBaHHbIX KyJIbTyp. OnbITLI
CTaBHJIHCb Ha annapaTe Bap6ypra. LI IXaime jpo iocei onpC,!eJIAJIOCh B
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0,05 M (poc(paTHOM 6y(~epe (pH=5,98) c 2% rJIIOKO3bI (6paJlacb 1 %-Has
CycneH3H51 Apo>i eH). Pe3yJIbTaTbl npHBeAeHbl B Ta6JI. 2 H 3.
Ta6JHua 2
IIHmelwuexoemb ablxaHUR ucxoaub[x apoJrcJicea u apoxc.icea,
aaanmupoeaHKbcx K (pmopuay u e3Rmbax ienocpeacmeeHUo
co epeabi Puaep c 0,05-0,1 M NaF (Q02 p./Me cyxo2o
eeca 6 riac)
N onbl-
Ta
HCXOAHble
QOe
aAanTHpOBaH-
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32
28
34
34
HCXOAHaH Kynb-
Typa naccHpoBa-
aacb Ha cycne
HCxoAHaH KyJIb-
Typa naccHpoBa-
Jlacb Ha cpeAe
PiiAep
B Ka)KAOII ropH3OHTanbHofI rpa()e npHBeAeHbl AaHHble, nOnygeHHbfe B OAHOM H TOM
we OnbiTe, np!geM HcxoAHa$1 H aAanTHpOBaHHaf KYJlbTypbl Bblpau(HBaJIHcb OAHOBpeMeHHO
H B oAHHaKOBbIX yCJIOBHHX H OAHOBpeMeHHO HCnbITSIBajuHCb B pecnnpoMerpax Bap6ypra.
Ta6nHua 3
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K cpmopuay u aAumeAbuoe epeJR naccupoeaecuuxcR Ka cpeae 6e3 cpmopuaa
(Qo2 p.a/M2 cyxoeo eeca a Kac)
N2
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HcxoAHaH KynbTypa nacCH-
poeanacb cnavana Ha cpeAe
PHAep, a 3aTeM, napanneJib-
HO C a)ianTHpoBaHHOH KyJIb-
TypoH - Ha cycne
HCxOAHaH KynbTypa naccH-
poBanacb TOJIbKO Ha cpeAe
PHAep
1'13 AaHHbIX Ta6JIHu cJleAyeT, TO B pe3yJlbTaTe AJIHTeJIbHOFO BbIpaMHBaHHSi
Apo fQKeH B HpHCyTCTBHH (JTOpHAa IIpoHCXOAHT HeKOTOPOe noBbIHIeHHe HH-
TeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaHHSI (Ta61I. 2), KOTOPOe coxpaHSIeTC5 H nocJIe npOAOJDKH-
TeJIbHOro naccHpOBaHHH HX B cpeAe 6e3 (iTOpHAa (Ta6Ji. 3).
IIpH ConoCTaBJIeHHH HHTeHCIIBHOCTH gbIXaHH9 HCXOAHOH KyJIbTypbl, naccH-
poBaBIDeHCSI Ha cycuie (Ta6JI. 2, on. 1--3) H Ha cpeAe PHAep (Ta6Ji. 2, on. 4-7),
RAHTeJlbHoe KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHC JJ,pouOK61 Ha cpeAe PHAep 6e3 q)TOpHAa
AAanTHpOBaH-
Hble ApoHCNCH
Qo2
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HHH Qo2
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Qu3uojoeukecxue u3 HereexuE Saccharomyces cerevisiae 171
Camo no ce6e He OKa3bIBaJIo CyIIjeCTBeHHOro BJIH,9HHSI Ha AbIXaHHe H, CJIeAo-
BaTeJIbHO, He MOrJIo BbI3BaTb yKa3aHHble Bblule CABHFH nocJIeAHero. B paBHOfI
Mepe BO BTOPOFI CepHH OnbITOB (Ta6ji. 3) COnOCTaBJIeHne gblXaHHq HCXOAHOfi
KyJlbrypbl, BCe BpeMH KyJ1bTHBHpo3aBlueFicq fia cpejie Pn.tep (Ta6J1. 3,
on. 6-8), c AbIXaHHCM TO )Ke KyJIbTypbI, HO no)jBepraBlueicH nom e KyJIbTH-
BHpOBaHHO naCCHpoBaHIHO Ha CyCJIe (T'a6JI. 3, on. 1-5), n0Ka3blBaeT, TO WO
HOCJleayloujee naCCHpOBaHHe Ha cycJfe He BbI3bIBajIo cyHjeCTBeHHb1X H3MeHe-
HH9 HHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaHHSi.
flocjie O,T HOKpaTHOJO BbIpaM1H3aHH5I . po}K?KeI Ha epe.je C cpTOpHAOM n0-
BbluleHH5I HHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaHHSi He Ha6JH0AaJI0Cb.
B bi BOA bf
1. B pe3y.nbTaTe Aaxce o1 HOKpaTHOro KYJ1bTHBHpOBaHH51 Apoxcxceff B npH-
CYTCTBHH NaF MOFYT 6bITb rIOJiy4eHbl cbOpMb1 C riOBbIH1eHHOfi pe3HCTeHTH0CTbIO
K 3TOMy sijjy, npH4eM H3MeHeHH54 3TIf, n0 KpaftHef Mepe B npogecce BereTa-
THBHOFO pa3MH03KeHH5I KJIeTOK, RJIHTeJIbHO COXpaH5110TC5I npff KyJIbTHBHpO-
BaHHH Apoxcacefl B cpeje 6e3 cJTOpHjja.
2. B pe3yJlbTaTe ajjanTauHH K CJTOpHAy MOryT 6bITb rIOJIy4eHbl lJOpMbl
C nOBb1H1eHH0fI HHTeHCHBHOCTbIO ,jb1XaHHSI, npH4eM 9TH n3MeHeHH9 TaK}Ke
AJIHTeJIbHO coxpaHMOTC5I npH KYJIbTHBHPOBaHHH Apo)K)Kei Ha cpejje 6e3 CPTo-
pHAa.
JI14TEPATYPA
M a JI K o B A. M. H B o r u a'H 0 B a JI. A. BJIHaane ()TOpHCTOro HaTpna Ha o6pa3oaaHHe
nHpocf OC(popHb1X coe iuaeHHN j po)K2KaMH B npouecce 6poxceHHH. M14Kpo611OJ1o'HH, 1956,
T. 25, Bbin. 4, CTp. 406.
E f f r o n t J. Chemie physiologique. Sur certaines conditione chimiques de 1'action des
levures de biere. Comptes Rendus Soc. Biol., 1893, v. 117, p. 559.
E f f r o n t J. Sur le mecanisme de I'acclimatation des nlicroorganismes aux substances to-
xiques. Comptes Rendus Soc. Biol., 1920, v. 83, p. 807-808.
Knox W. The action of peroxidases with enzymically generated peroxide in the presence
of catalase. Bioch. et Biophys. acta, 1954, v. 14, p. 117.
L a n dy M., L a r k u m N., 0 s w a I d E. The increased synthesis of p-aminobenzoic acid
associated with the development of sulfonamide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
Science, 1943. v. 97, p. 265.
L o h m a n n K. Al e y e r It o f 0. Uber die enzymatische Umwandlung von Phosphogly-
cerinsaure in Brenztraubensaure and Phosphorsaure. Biochem Z., 1934, v. 273, p. 60.
M a s s a r t L., D u f a i t R. Fluoridhemmuny and Metallaktivierung der Hefephosphatase.
Naturwissenschaften, 1939, v. 27, H. 48, s. 806-807.
Melchior N. a. Melchior J. Inhibition of yeast Hexokinase by Fluoride Jon. Science,
1956, v. 124, N 32118, p. 402.
Meyer h o f 0. a. K i e s s I i n g, Die Umosterung der Phosphobrenztraubensaure bei der
alkoholischen Luckergarung, Biochem. Z., 1935, v. 281, p. 249-270.
Runnstrom J., Runnstrom A. and Sperber E. Einfluss der Atmung auf die
Permeabilitat der Hefezelle fiir Fluorid. Naturwissenschaften, 1937, v. 25, p. 474.
Runnstrom J. u. Sperber E. Zur Kenmnis der Beziehungen zwischen Permeabili-
tat and Stoffwechsel der Hefezelle, Biochem. Z., 1938, 298, p. 340-367.
Runnstrom J., Gurney R. a. Sperber E. On protection against the inhibitory
action of fluoride. Enzymologia, 1941, v. 10, p. 1.
S I o n i m s k i P. A specific Relation between Enzymic adaptation and Cytoplasmic Muta-
tion. Adaptation in micro-organisms. London, 1953, p. 76.
S t i e r T. a. C a s t o r J. On the formation and use of permanently altered strains of
yeast for studies of in vivo metabolic organization. J. gen. Physiol. 1941, 25, 229.
V i v i n o J. a. S p i n k W Sulfonamide resistant strains of Staphylococci: clinical signifi-
cance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 1942, v. 50, p. 336.
War b u r g 0. u. C It r i s t i a n W. Isolierung and Kristallisation deis Garungsferments
Enolase. Biochem. Z., 1942, 310. B. 4-5, 11. 6, S. 384.
W i g g e r t W. a. W e r k m a n C. Fluoride sensitivity of Propionibacterium pentosaceum,
us a function of growth condition. Biochem. J., 1939, v. 33, p. 1061.
V o l k W. The effect of fluoride on the permeability and phosphatase activity of Propioni-
bacterium pentosaceum. J. Biol. Chem., 1954, v. 208, N 2, p. 777.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
M. 51. Kan 0YCHbt6
COP5LkHSI ji,PO)K)KEH BOJIOKHAMH ILEJIJ1IOJI03b1
H EE 3HA'EHHE i1PH CBPA)KHBAHHH
CYJIb(PHTHbiX IjEJiOKOB
(Bceco(o3HbIf1 Hay9H0-HCCne,1IOBaTeJ1bCKH11 HHCTHTyT
THA,poJIH3HOlt H cynh((JHTHO-cfHTJTOBOII HpoMbIH'neHHOCTH)
B3aT1MOAekicTBHe Apoxcxcei3 C TBCpAc>1 (Ja30II CpC,'1b1 npH C6paxKHBalnnl
CyJIb(j)HTHbIX HjeJIOKOB HMeCT cyIueCTBCHHoe 3Ha 1 F1FI jag HX }KH3HCACATC.1b-
11OCTH. TaKOf1 TBepAO13 (j)a30I1 B n1eJIOKC 1BJIIIIOTCI1 BOJ1OKHa I1CJL.1IOJ1O3b1. Kali
H3BCCTHO, IICJIJIIOJIO3a o6JIaAaeT 6oJIbHIOI'I aACOp6uHOH11011 CnO006IIOCTbIO H
B 3ila1HITC.1blibIX KOJIIIgCCTBax MO]KeT norjloAaTb COJIH TH}KeJIbIX MCTaJIJIOB.
DTO ('OOTCTBO 06VGII0B.1Cii0 TOM, OITO 1(CJI..1IOJ1031ibiC B0.1OK11a B BO;[C It B BOJ1-
IIbiX ~) 1CTBOpax 3,7CKTpO:I1ITOB IIMCIOT OTpH11a1'C.1bllbni 3'reKTpn'1CCKIIII 3ap11; .
BC.1H'llllla 3ap1, a B pa3Ji1on1bIX yCJTOBHRX CpCJ1bI Ko..106.i1CTCR OT -7 to
25 MB. B or,-mime (31 np0TCHiIOBbi\ BO.101:0I1 ge,'LllO'103lTbiC BOTTOKIIa III)Ii
p!! Cpe,1It OT 2 To 12 IIO 11CTIITTOT 3llaKa 3ap5J a.
~~Ibl )'xTC OTMO lOI11 (Ka.11O?KubTIT, 1900, 1901 ), 'ITO CVJIb(j)iTTHble ilte.10TK!i
00CC I(`iiSllol'('71 .l17KpO(i).1O
III pa to 3aao;loB Iipil O\.'Ia>K;1CI1'1li ;ia f-jmJIi9!1I('
P0;! B03VXO. 1-1a 3TO1I CTa,11111 (O'[Cj)7Kall11luc5I B 1IHX OT ICJIbllblC HO.'lolRi(:1
R0,'lJll0,I031,1 lta6IlpaTc116110 COp(.1IpV'10T ,(l)0'AK iK1i C11IipTOBOr0 6pox~(`lliiO !1 Vi C
10' CBO6OJHb1 0'1' JIp0)K)KeBbIX K.1CTOK, a B 6p0,111.161Ib1X 'lallax 01111 11aKa11.:111-
BaIOTCO B 311WIIITC.'ibIIbiX Ko,I111IC, TBax B BH Ae BOJiOKI11iCT0 [p4}IaK^.B'~~!!
Maccb1. 11 ,1CIICTBHTe,ibiio, iHpII o6c.,7e10'BaITHH HaMII 6bIJill OiilIapylKCI111
cop611pyiouwecn Jlp0}Kx{H B 6aKax no,1 rpa1HpHef H 6pOA lJIhlIbiX
IIaaax ita 13 CV,Ib(IHTHO-CHI1:pTOBb1X 3al3oJ1ax. TaoirM o6pa3oM, rp2J1 1i1T
npH Hepepa60TKe H1eJIOKOB (paKTHIIeCxH 51BJIIeTCI3 MOCTOM aKTHBHOro pa3-
MI1o?KeiIHI Cop6HpyIoI-U13xC51 1'p0}K}KC)'I, nooTynaioLuHx 113 Bo3J(yXa B npO113-
BOJICTB0.
B 6poJJ1STHIe1 6pa}KKC BOJIOKITa C COp6HpOBaHHbiMH ApO>K)KaM)i iiaxojia 1-
CSI B BOABH}KHOM COCTOIIHHII (noABH}IiHa1 HacaAKa), a B OT6pOAHBLHett
6paxKKe 01111 oCejla1OT CO CKOpOCTbIo 2 MM/CeK, TaK KaK HMCIOT yaeJIbHbin
Bec 1,4. Oco6aa p0JIb BOJIOKOi1 npH 6pO)KeHHH COCTOHT B TOM, LITO Y HHX no-
BepXHOCTb AJ15I 3aKpenJIeHHSi Apo io+ ei 60JIbHIe, tleM y Apyrnx MaTepna?IOB.
Cop6HpoBaHHble Iia HHX ApO)K)KeBble KJIeTKH, 6yAytH B HO,1BH)KIIOM CO,CT'OA-
111111, HMe1OT JIygILHHH OTTOK npOJIYKTOB o6Meila it npHTOK c6pa}KHBaCMOI.O
caxapa. B OT6poAHBLHeIi xce 6pa}KKe BOJIOKoa 1436HpaTeaIb1I0 yB.'TCKa1OT B
oCa.OoK Cop61IpoBaIInble ApO}K}KH, OCTaBJIAST Hp13 3TOM BO B3BCCH IICCOp6Hpy-
IO11111CCI1 (jOpMbI, yHOCHMbIC C 6pa}KKOHi. TeM CaMbIM 11eJIJITOJI0311ble BOJiOKIIa
06yC.TIOBJIIIBaIOT COOCKLUH1O 11 HaKOnJIeHHO 13 npO1I3BOACTBC TOJIbKO Tat ITX
4)OpM Apo eM, KOTOpb1e COp(IIIpVIOTCII TBe1),'IOiI (j)a30ff CpeJlbi.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Cop6t un Opo.rc,iceu r4e1uuoJo3oa u ee 3xakeHue npu c6paxcueanuu 173
BBHJIy Toro, T-ITO HaJIHT-lHe B ILIeJIOKe UeJIJIK)JIO3HbIX BOJIOKOH Ha p5IAe 3a-
BOAOB OnpeAe.ISIeT npeo6JIaaaHHe B liaHax cop6HpytoiuHxcH (kOpM apO?K-
; ei1, MbI HOCTaBH.IIH nepe, co60ii 3aaaqy - LI3y'IHTb rIPIIPOAy H CBOIHCTBa
THX Apoxcxcef H BbIACHHTb BJIH5IHIIC COp6uIH Ha pa3MH0}KeHHe Ap0}KAKefi
I Ira npouecc 6po}KeHHH.
METOAHKA
BblaeJleHHbte KyJIbTyPbI HpOBepSIJIHCb Ha cop6uuio ny'TCM norpyxceHHr
OTAeJIbHbIX IjeJIJIIOJI03IIbIX BOJIOKOH B KanJIIO CyCneHAHpOBannbIX ap0}K}Kefl 'I
IlpocMaTprBaJIHCb HoA MHKpOCKOHOM. Hr-ITCHCHBHOCTb pa3MH0}KeHH5I ApO}K-
iKeci Ha CyJIbq)HT'HONI IueJIOKe y4HTbIPa.,'iacb no no, c'-ieTy KJIeTOK B CgeTHOti
aMepe H no onpejjeJieHHSiM a3OTa B HaBeCKax Ap0}K3KeiI. Z[JiSI H3ygeHHn
KOIICTHTyTHBHbIX H aAarITHBHbIX (pepMCHTOB Apo>x>KeR H YCKOpeHHH HX Ha-
KOnJleI-IIIH WIN 3aCeBa.IIICb Ha CIIHTeTHileCKyIO epeJ y C FJIIOKO3OII. CHCTeMa-
rH4IeCKoe IIOJIO}KeHHe HOBbIX KYJlbTyp apo)K>Kefi yCTaHaBJIHBaJIocb no onpeue-
.IHTeJH0 KyupiBUeBa (1954). Caxap B cpeae yCTaHaBJIHBa.,'ICH no 36yJIHOCTa-
THHIeCKOMy McTOAy, CHHPT B 6pa}KKe -- no ClJIOTauiOHHOMy McTOjjy BHHHFC.
3KCHEPHMEHTAJIbHA31 MACTb
KapTHHa COp6uHH jpow>KeFI BOJIOKHaMH IIeJIJIIOJI03bI npHBeaeHa Ha MHK-
p0CJOTOrpaCj1NHX (puc. 1 H 2). H3 My3eIiHbIX KYJIbTyP XopOHIO COp6NpvJoTCH
PHc. I. Sacch cortilaginosus L.
PHc. 2. Sacch. vini var. cartilaginosus, IIIT. KaaiineAa 2
Sacch. cartilaginosus Lindner H Sacch. casei Sacclietti; c.ra6o cop611pyIoT-
C5I Sacch. cerevisiae - 7-R ToMcxa5I, 'BbIAe.TieHHarI HJIeBaKo. BOJIbIHHHCTBO
HpoBepennbIX My3efHbIX KYJIbTyp He cop611PYeTCSI BOJIOKHaMH IICJIJII0JI03bl.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KOJINLIeCTBO COp6HpOBaHHbIX 3aBOACKHX gpo>K>Kef Ha BOJIOKHax ycTaHal3-
JIHBaJIOCb HaNIH no orlpe;'[eJIeHnHM a3OTa B HaxonJIeHHbIX LIHCTbIX ApONK-
.,KallKax ii UpOAHJIbHbIX 4aHax Ha 3THX 3aBoaax.
Ha meJiOKax OT MArKHX BapOK ueJIJilOJio3bl H Ha HHBHOM cycile AaloT 3ep-
IIHCLbIii OCaAOK H XopOH10 cop6Hpyl0TCH BOJIOKHaMH ueJIJIIOJ1o3bI. Ha niejiOKax.
>Ke or >KeCTKOI3 BapKH aeJIJIIOJI03bI C1 aHOBHTCH McHee 3epHnCTbIMH, HO cop6-
I.HOHHyIO CHO006HOCTb HC TepAK)T. 06e KYJlbTypbl Ha arapH30BaHHOR cpeAe
06pa3yK)T XPAIrieBHAIIbIC HITPHXH, 'B KJIeTKaX KOTopbIX JIeFKO o6Hapy>KHBalOT-
C51 n0 jBe-4eTbIPe CHOPbI OKpyrJIOfi (OpMbI. KyJIbTypbI c6paM4uBaIOT FJIIOKO-
3y, caxapo3y, Ma.IbTO3y II CJIa6o c6pa>KHBaIOT ra.7aKT03y H pa(pHHo3y, lie
c6pa}KHBaIOT JIaKT03bi. HpHHaJJle KaT K 1314,1Y Sacch. vini.
KyJlbTypa CyxoHa-7 xopowo cop6HpyeTCH BOJIOKHaMII ueJIJIIO,-103bl. Ha,
CyCJI0-arape AaeT TOHKHii CJIH3HCTb!Ii LHTpHx, 110 KpanM COCTOHH.IHII H3 Mliue-
.7HeBHAI-IbIX KJIeTOK, B KOTOpbIX o6Hapy>KnBBIOTCH OBaJIbHble H 6060BH1jHb1e
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
c1IOpb1. C6paWHBaeT rJIIOKO3y, caxapo3y, raJIaKTO3y H JIaKTO3y, He c6pa)KH-
BacI MaJIbTO3bI H pa(jHHO3bi. HpHHaAJIe)KHT K Fabospora fragilis (puc. 4).
KpoMC CyXOHCKOrO 3aBOJja, KyJIbTypbl 3TOrO poaa H BHAa BbIAeJleHbi 113
ipo)K)KeB011 MaCCbI KpaCHOKaMCKoro H COKOJmbCKOrO CyJIb(~HTHO-CHHpTOBbIX
3aBOAOB. UBe HpeAHOCJIeAHHe KyJib'rypbT B Ta6JI. 2 (HeMaHCKall-2 H Cslcb-4)
TO)KC xopotuo cop6Hpy10TC51 KeJIJIK)JIo30II H Aa1OT 6o6oBHAHbie dHOpbl (pHc. 5).
OAHaKo Hpoueccy cnopoo6pa3OBaHHH y ?TIIX KVJIbTyp HpcAHICCTByCT KOIIyJIH-
HH51 KJICTOK. OHH c6pa K[!Ba1oT r'JI1OK03V, CaXapO3V, ra.'iaKTO3y 11 JIaKI03V, He
Piic. 3. Sacch. vini var. cartilaginosus, mT.
B-7. BanaxtiiiHCKafl
c6pa KIIBalOT iMaJIbTO3bI. 06e KyJlbTypbI OTHOCIITCR K Zygofabospora mar-
xiana.
113 Ipo)Kxc6 KaJIIuIlIlllrpaicK0I0 3aBOAa BTOporO KoM6HHaTa BbITIC.1CIIa
3eprIIICTaF cop6HpyiouiaFc Ky,ibTypa, TaK)KC o67aAaloLuafl c110CO6II0Crb1O 06-
p)a3OBbIBa'rb ICKII co CuopaMH HOC,HC KOIIVJIHIOIII, IIo CHOpbI OKpyr,TIOl1 (1)OPMbl,
110 .1 BcC-IICTblpe a3 aci e. Ho 3TIIM CBOIICTB3MM KV.'IbTypa Ka.,mi HI1I'paAC.Ka1I
2-57 OTHOCIITCH K po;y ZygosaccharOmyccs. Qua cbpa)KHBaeT rJIIOKO3y, CaXa-
1)03y H MaJIbTO3y, IIe c6pa)KHBaeT ra IaKTO3bI 11 JIaK'ro3bl.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, HCIIbITaHHF_ IIOKa3aJnl, 'ITO rpyrnia cop611pylo1wHx Jlpo)K-
iKCIi COCTOIIT 113 IIpeACTaBIITCJIeH pa3JIHHIHbIX pOAOB H BHAOB ceMeHCTBa caXa-
pOMHII,CTOB, yCKOpeIIHO H CJIa6o C6pa)KHBaIOMI4X raJIaKT03y H He c6pa)KHBa-
I0IAHX 3TOT caxap. O6Hapyxcellbl oIIH Ha 3aBo.3ax 6Jiaro,1apx cop6uHH if-
BOJIOKIIaMH ue.3JHOJI03bl 11 oTCTaHBaHH!O C HocJIeJIHei B 6poAHJIbHbIX 4axax.
C.IeAOBaTC.'IbIIO, Iie.IJII0JI03a KaK aJicop6eluT CIIOCO(CTBYCT oT6opy H IIaKO1IJIe-
III!K) cop6HpylOIlUlXCH c4)OI .1 B HpOH3BOACTBC.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PHc. 4. Fabospora fragilis, iiT. CyxoHa-7
PHc. 5. Zygofabospora marxiana, LmT. HeMaHCxa5i-2
12 TPY4bi Nina mHK)QEuoJnoruu. ubin. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
PA3MHO)KEHHE 14 C11NPT006PA3YIOIIIA51 CI1000BHOCTb
COPBHPYIOIIjHXCSI APO)K)KEH
0 6HOXHM114eCKO11 aKTHBHOCTH BbIJjeJIeHHbIX Cop6HpyiomHXC5I KyJlbTyp MbI
CyJIHJIII nO pa3MlIO}KCHnlO B o6bI IlIblX H ynapellllblX IIjeJIOKaX H HO HaKOnJza-2)' 2,11
24,1
1,30
To ice (11-70) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 50
27,0
20,6
(Cyxo:la-11) . . . . . . . . . . 7,80
15,5
7,80 40,6
> (B-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 , 7
30,3
4,62
21,6
(B-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 42
21,2
5,42
34,3
Sacch. paradoxes (CB-20) . . . . . . 6,30
27,3
2,38
11,75
Saccll. vini (CB-1) . . . . . . . . . . 15,7
32,81
0,60
23,8
To iKHMOM CyIJJKH (C pa3JI11HHbIMH )jJIH-
TeJIbHOCTbfO CVHIKH, TeMHepaTyplfbiM pe)KHMOM, HpHH11HHOM HO,jaLIH TeHJIOro
B03,jYXa Ii KOHCTpyKLuie1'i CYIIIHJIOK).
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a30THCTOM COCTaBe ApO>K>KCf1 B pe3yjlbTaTe Bo3MO}KHOro HpoTeoJlIiTHgeCKOro
pacnaAa, TaK KaK 143BeCTHO, TITO 06e3BOMCHBaHHe KJIeTKH HPHBOAHT K cmeI11e-
HHIO (fJepMeHTaTHBH04f aKTHBHOCTH B HanpaBJIeHHH rHApOJIH3a. KpOMe TOro,
HpOTeoJIH3 O6b1LIHO CBST3bIBaIOT C HaAeHHeM c6paMCHBaloLuefl CHOCO6HOCTH
ApoN a3oTOM - AO
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
2,0-2,5%. Benew (Benesch, 1954) H 3aTeM ITpOCKypHKOB H OnapbluleBa
(1956) HCCJIeAOBaJuI H3MeiieHHC npoTeOJIHTH'-ICCKHx (bepMeHTOB llpo}K?KeI.
B o6olix CJIyLlaEx - H B npouecce cyBIKH, H B npoLCCCC xpaHeHHH Apoxc-
}KCi 6bIJIO yCTaHOBJICHO IIOBblIHeHNe aKTHBI{OCTH npOTeOJIHTNTIecKnx (pCpMeH-
TOB.
B npOUCCCe CyUIKH npOHCXOAHT npOTeoJIHTHLIecKLIH pacnaa, CBII3aHHbIH C
HaPaCTaHHCM B upo>K>Kax paCTBOPHMbIX He6eJIKOBbIX a30THCTbIX coeAHHCIIHI
(HCOCa}KAaeMbIX 2%-HOH TpHXJI0'py:{CyCHOI3 KHCJIOTOII) H a3OTa aMHHOKHC-
JIOT (CnpegenISieMOr0 (oc(JaTHO-McJHbIM CBOCO6oM). HHTeHCHBI-IOCTb npo-
TeOJiH3a B OCIIOBHOM 3BBHCHT OT AJIHTe.IbHOCTH CyLIIKH. IIpH He6OJIbLHOH
)jJIHTCJIbHOCTH CYLLIKH (3-8 iac.) Ha pa3JIHLIHbIX npOH3BOACTBeHHbIX Cy-
IHIiJIKaX npupOCT IIe6eJIKOBbIX a30THCTbIX COCAHHCHHH 1Je3lIagHTeJIeH (1,8-
11%). 17pH AAHTeJIbHOl CYHIKC (20-30 Liac.) Oil MO}KCT gOCTHraTb 20-
30%. 1-lplipocT aMNI-IHOr0 a30Ta K0JIe6J1eTCH B TeX }Ke npe,1 eJiax OT 2,7 Jjo
13%, npH JIJIHTeJIbHOn CyulKe-Ao 20%.
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CBH3bIBaHHSI aMHHOKHCJIOT, HO-BHAHMOMy, 3a CLIeT O6Pa30BaHH5i aMHHoca-
XapoB H MCJIaIIONJI,HHOB.
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}Kax HpH Xp,aHCIIHH AOB0.11bH0 HHTCIICHBHO CHH}KaJIOCb CO,uCp}KaHHe aMHH-
noro a30Ta. IIo cpaBHCHHIO C npeCCOBaHHblMH gpo>K>KaMH aMHHHbIH a3OT
C11H3IIJIC5I Ha 9-45% (c 0,57% -B HpCCCOBaHHbIX apo>K>Kax qo 0,52-
0,42%, a HHorAa n eiue HH Ke - B CyXHX).
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TBOpHMbIX a3OTHCTbIX COeAHHeHHH. OH oTMe1IaJICaa ga}Ke B TeX CJIyLIa5IX,
KOrAa HpOTCOJIH3 npaKTHLIeCKH OTCVTCTBOBaJI. CB513blBaFlue aMHHHOr0 a30Ta
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B JRPO>K>KaX C 60JIee BbICOKHM coj ep}KaHHCM aMHHHoro a30Ta.
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Ta nPH AJIHTeJIbIIOH CyIHKe, TBK KaK HapuAy CO CBII3bIBaHHeM aMHHOKHCJIOT
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yCJIOBHHX npOTCOJIH3 npOAOJI}KaeTC51. OH MCHee 3HaLIHTeJIeH HpH XpaHeHHH
Ha xoJl0rje (5-16%) H nOBbILuaeTC51 npH XpaHeHHH B yC.JIOBHSIX KOMHaTI{OH
TeMnepaTypbI, OAHaKO HenpOnOpuHOHaJIbHO CTeneHH CnH}KeHHSI aKTHBHOCTH
Apo}K}KCH.
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28? He HBJIIIeTCSI np}MOH (JyHKUHeH HHTCI-ICHBHO HayUlero npOTeoJIH3a AO
CTaAHH, npHBOA5]mel K HaKOnJICHHIO paCTBOPHMbIX a30THCTbIX coeAllHeHHH.
H3MeHeHHR B COAep}KaHHIJ aMHHOKHCJIOT npH AJIHTCJIbHOM XpaHeHnH
KOJIe6JIIOTCH B CTOPOHY TO HapacTaHl1N, TO CHH}KCHHH (OT +5 Ao -10%).,
pee HAeT 60JIee HHTCHCHBHOe CHH}KCHHC aMHHHoro a30Ta, HO KOJIHLIeCTBeH-
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AaJIbHCNLHeM XpaHCHHII CyXHX Ap'0}K}KCII C 06pa3OBaFIHeM aMHHOCaXaPOB.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
6uoxuMwiecxue ocnoebt eyuucu x4e6onexapnbtx dpoic:>rceti 185
H McJIaHOHjjHHOB noJLTBepNcAaeTCH euje H TeM, LITO OTJjeJIbHble 06pa3I1bI ApoxK-
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paCKy.
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KaK H3 OnblTa CYIIIKH nlllijeBblX HpOjjyKTOB 143BeCTHO, LITO B npouecce CyIHKH
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H3BeCTHO TaK}Ke, 'ITO CyweCTByIOT npoMbIIIIJIeHHble CHOCO6bI o6pa6oTKH
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UHH (Klein, Sonoda, Hansen, 1954).
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HeHHR HJIJIIOCTpHpyIOTCH AaHHbIMH Ta6Ji. 1.
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npouecce CYIIIKH JjpO>K>Kel B 3aBO,TCKHX yCJIOBIIHX CBH3aHbI CO 3HaKIHTeJIb-
HbIM HapaCTaHHeM TperaJ103bI (Ha 30--75%) 3a CLIeT rJIHKOreHa, LITO CO-
BnajjaeT C HMe1oI1 1lMHCA HO 3TOMV BOnpocy , aH116IMId h.7HH, FJOJI7OK H XOJIbM-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
I-IcxoAH1 e
npCCCOPaFIHble
APo?K)KH
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TCJIbHbI (OT ?4 Ao+-14%), qTO MO}KCT 6bITb 06yCJIOBJICHO, C 0111-IOU CTOpO-
ulbl, npilpOCTOM caxapa 3a c ieT rjIi1KOreua, a c apyroII- CPepMeIITaTHBHbIM
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noH peaKUHn.
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TperaJlo3bl IIC o611apy)Keiia.
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fOBbiIHC1IHK) npollnuaeMOCTH KJICTO'iIIOfl o6OJTO KIi. I lanlii IccJIe1 oBaHH51
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nasi o6pa60TKa npCCCOBalllibiX Il CyXIiX Jpo}K}KeR npii 20-25? II3BJIeKaeT
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9CM 5--9% COCTaB.15I10T a30THCTbie Ben[CCTBa, 2-4% - yrJ1CBOAbI, 3-4%
30JIblIbIC Bc1i eCTBa.
Hpn spank um : poiK KeiI, BiICVnICHHbIX AO 6.1a}KI10CTH 8-9%, npoHHuae-
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DTn HPOUCCCbI npOTeKaroT 60Jice HHTenCnBHO 11PH RJIIITeJlbIiou CyuIKe H
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CHBHOCTbIO npOTeKaloLw x npoueCCOB MbI He o611apyxcHJiii.
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xHx Jjpo:K Kefi H HeG6xc.'HMOCTb repMeTH3au1414 Tapbl yCTaHOBJIeHbI BCeMH
HCCJleJOBaTeJliTMH, pa60TaBLUHMH B 3TOM HanpaBJIeHlH (Oyaas, Johnson a.
Peterson, 1948; HJIeBaKO H HHKOJIaeB, 1950; MeJIbuep H AcTaxosa, 1955;
Felscher, Koch a. Larsen, 1955).
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Xa MaJIO BJIHSICT Ha CHH}KeFIHC nOA'beMHOl3 CHJIbI Apo CH. HpH xpaHeHHH
B HerepMeTHUeCKOn Tape H OTHOCnTeJIbHOH BJIa}KHOCTH B03Jjyxa He BbILIIe
60-70%p OHH Ha npOT5T3KCHHH IIIeCTH MecHUeB H 6oJlee coxpaHSIK)T aKTHB-
HOCTb, yCTaHOBJIeHHyIO Tpe60BaHH5IMH BTY Ha cylneHble Jpo)K}KH.
B Jja.TIbHefLiieM 6bIJI0 yCTaHOBJICHO, LITO HH3KaH TeMnepaTypa B 3TOM
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'ICLIeHHe oJHOrO-AByX MecHueB, a 3aTeM nOCTaBHTb Ha XpaHeHHe npH 20-30?
B repMeTHLIeCKOH H HerepMeTHLIeCKOIi ynaKOBKe, TO CTOIIKOCTb TaKHX APO}K-
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npH XpaHCHHH B repMCTHLIeCKOR H HCrepMeTHLIeCKOA ynaKOBKe y}KC He o6-
Hapy}KHBaeTCl, T. C. repMeTH3auF5I B 3TOM c iyLiae He 'npejoxpaHneT JjP0>K>KH
OT nOTepH HMH aKTHBHOCTH.
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JjpO>K>Kelt B pe3yJIbTaTe BO3AeuCTBIIn KnCJIOpOJa B03Jlyxa, noxa euje He yCTa-
HOBJIeHa. B CBg3H C 3THM B03HHKaeT Heo6xogHMOCTb BbI5iCHCHHH POJIH KHCJIO-
poAa B npouecce C WHKH Apo X(H, KorAa npoAyBaIOTCHI 6oJlbnl4e KOJIHLIeCT-
Ba TeIIJIOrO B03Ayxa. AJ151 3T01'O MbI nOCTaBHJIH piIJj OHbITOB CyUIKH ApO>K>KeH
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npouecce CVLHKH BO MHOrHX cJIyraHx AeJIaJIHCb nOnbITKH npHMeHeHHH pa3-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
5uoxuMUUecKUe ocuoubl c1lumu xne6onerapnb1X dpoXxceu 189
Ta6nii4a 4
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aBTOpoB ao,6aBKH B OTAeJIbHbIX CJIy'Ia5X BJIHAJIH nOJIO)KHTeJIbHO, HO npouecc
CyIIIKH AJIHJICA Tpoe CyTOK npH KOMHaTHOii TeMnepaType. B 6oJiee n03AHHX
AaHHbIX YafT (1954) ynOMHHaeT 0 npHMeHeHHH HeKOTOpbIMH 3aBoaaMH
,Ao6aBOK COJIII H o6pa6oTKH Apo}K>KeI AO CyLHKH paCTBopaMH Ma.)Ibu-3KCTpaK-
Ta. YOJITep (Walter, 1953) OTMegae-r, TITO B AHrJIHH TaKHMH Ao6aBKaMH
He HOJlb3yIOTCSI. COTIHHCKHI3 (Soczynski, 1953) npIMeHHJI Ao6aBKH MYKH,
:rJIK)KO3bI, caxap03bI H neKTHHa, OAHaKO HHKaKOrO BJIHHFIHH Ha nOBbIIIIdHHe
aKTHBHOCTH Apoxc)Keli HH B npouecce CyIIIKH, HH B Hpouecce xpaneHHH He
o6Hapy)KHJI. TaTaxyBa (Tatakuwa, 1955) yKa3bIBaeT Ha 3C4eKTHBHOCTb
o6pa6OTKH Apoxcx{eA AO CyHHKH rJIIOKO3Oli H napaMH BTaxoJia. C6paxcHBa-
IOLuai CnO006HOCTb CyXHX Apoxcxcefl rIOBbIIIIaJlaCb HPH 3TOM Ha 25% H 60-
.,zee. YBeJIHgHBaJIaCb TaK)Ke H CTOF[KOCTb Apo)KoKeci.
YTI,TbIBaH AaJIeKO He HOJIHoe peiueHHe 3THX BOHpOCOB, npOTHBOpe'HBble
pe3yJlbTaTbl pa3JIHTIHbIX uccJIeAOBaHHIi H He60JIbL1IOe TIHCJIO AaHHbIX 0 BJIHH-
HHH A06aBOK npH CyIIIKe ApO)K)Kelt, Bblpa6aTbIBaeMbIX B CCCP (BeceJIOB,
I'HBapTOBCKHK, OcnnoB, 1936; HeTlaesa, 1949; KHpbxJloaa, 1953), MbI H3y-
4HJIH 3aI1 HTHOC BJIHIHHe TaKHX Ao6aBOK, KaK MyKa, ACKCTpHH, KpaxmaJI,
>KeJIa'rHHa, Bapbupyn Hx B pa3JIHTIHbIX cooTHOLHeiluHX. OAIIaKO Ha nOAbeMHOII
cuJIe Apoxcxceti H FIX CTOI3KOCTH yKa3aHHble ao6aBKH He CKa3aJIHCb.
11pH npOBeaeHHII HCCJICJIOBaHHIi, HanpaBJIeIIHbIX Ha HOBbILHeHHe aKTHB-
HOCTH CyXHX Apo)K?Keli, HeO6XO,L HMO HJ'IeTb B BHAy, TITO o6 aKTIIBHOCTII Cy-
XHX XJIe60ncKapHbIx Ap0)Kxcell HpaBHJlbHee CyAHTb He no 31-leprlu ra3006pa-
30BaHHA B npouecce 6po)KeHHA, a no Hx HOA'beMHOIi CHJIe, KOTOpaA AaJIeKO
Ile BCerAa KoppeJlHpyeT C nepBOli. B cyxux Apo}K}Kax 3Ta pa3HHua npox3-
.TAeTCSI eluC 3aMeTHee, T3K KaK B CHJIY BbICOKOIi HpOHHuaeMOCTH KJIeTO4HOM
o60JIO7-IKH OHH ropa3AO CHJIbHee, T4eM npecCOBaFIHb[e Ap0)K)KH, BJILIAIOT Ha
(1113H'CCKHe CBOHCTBa TeCTa H ero ra3oyAep)KHBaion[yfo CHO006HOCTb.
MbI y6e)lHJIHCb B 3TOM HpH nOnbITKe nOBbILHeHHA aKTHBHOCTH CyXHX ApO)K-
)Keli C Ogellb nJIOXOf! nOA'beMHOII C14JIOI3 (240 MHH.). ao6aBKa 2% caxapa
K My'IHOIi 6OJITyUIKe c ApO)K)KaMH Tlepe3 2-3 Tiaca HOBbliuaJia 3HCpFHIO
ra3006pa3oBaHH2 6oJiee TIeM BABOe H ypaBHHBaJia ee c 3HeprHex ra3oo6pa-
30BaHHA aKTHBHbIX Apo)K}Keli (rl. C.- 67 MHH.). OAHaKo HoJI beMHaH CHJIa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ma.goaKTHBIIb1X jlpo}KNxeu npH Ao6aBKe caxapa H3MCHHJIaCb Bcero Fra 20-
40 MHH., 11 BMCCTO 240 cocTaBJIRJIa 220-200 MIIH.
BblxO,il cyWeHbIX Jpo~K)KeH Ha pa3JiH4HbIX 3aBOJaX, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
npl1F1ITOC0 pex{HMa CyWKH H (ju3HOJIOru4ecKoro COCTOHHHSI Ap0>KMKCII, B3H-
TbIX na CyIHKy, )IOBOJIbHO CHJIbHO KOJIe6JIeTC51.
HOCKOJIbKy CyuIKa Hp0113BOJU1ITCSI npH HCBbICOKOII TeMnepaType (35-
30?), He noIIaBJIHFOI110li MKH311cJ0HTeJIbI1oCT11 JjpOMKMKCH, BO BpeMR o6e3BOMKH-
BaHHB MOF'T npoHCXOJHTb HeH36C>KHble nOTepH CyXOrO BeLUCCTBa apoK>KCH,
06yCJ10BJI:I1HblC HJ[ylilMMH B JpO >KCB0il KJIeTKe (JH3HOJIOFHgCCKHMH npouec-
caMH.
B jia6opaTOpnblx onbiTax gpyMK'.AhHHa (1953) HOTepH CVXOFO BeLueCTBa
Apo?K}KCH KOJIC6aJIHCb, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AJIHTCJIbIlOCTH CyIUKH, B npeJPJlax
1,6--15?/p. OJHaKO B 3aBOJCKHX yCJ1OBHHX 9TH aaHHble HC 6b1JIH npOBepCHbl.
B HpOBCJeIIIIbIX IIaMH JIa6OpaTOpHbIX OnbITax CyWKH IIOTepH CyXOro
BeiueCTBa ,gpOMK%CII 6blJI11 BeCbMa He3Ha1HTe.IbHblMH H KOJIe6aJIHCb B np{eI
AeBlax He 6ojlee 0,1--3,2%. Mbl 06b5ICHRCM 3T0 TeM, '-ITO AO CyWKH Ap
He MCHCC CyTOK XpaHHJIHCb Ha xojioae. B 3aBOJCKHX yCJIOBHSIX' RaJIeKO He
BCer;a co6JIi0JalOT 3TH Tpe60BaHHR; HHorja Aa>Ke f13MCJlbgellllblC y>Ke
ApOMKMKH )10 nOJa4Ft B CyWHJIKy H3-3a TCXHH4eCKHX npH4HH 3aJe0>KH-
BaIOT B uexe IIpH 24-28? Ha npOTR>KCHHH 1-3 'lac. YgHTbIBaH BCe 3T0,
MbI HepCHCCJIIi HCCJIeJOBaHHn IIeHOCpeACTBCHHO Ha 3aBOa.
B pe3yJlblaTe pRJa nOCTaBJIeIIHbIX HaMH OHbITOB yCTaIIOBJIeHO, 'TO B
npoLlCCCe cyLUKH xJIc6oneKapHbIX ApOK)Ke13 npOHCXOJRT 4)H3H0JIOrH4eCKHC
npoueccbl, npHBOJHW.He x nOTCpe cyxHx BCnIeCTB. HHTeIICHBHOCT oxc~cax as
uecCOB MlAaCTCR peryJIHpOBaHHIO. BbICTpbIIl cbeM Mani B Ap
npOTRMKCIIHH 3-7 4ac. IIpH 35-30? H HCKJHO4eHHe Bblaep)KKH yWKC H3MeJlb-
4eHHbIX Jpo)KxieH A0 nOJa4n HX 'B CyIIHJIKY MOFYT AOBCCTH nOTepH CyXHX
BeLH,eCTB AO 1-3%. IIpH JJIIiTeJIbH0H CyHIKC HpH TOI1 >Ke TeMnepaType HOTepH
AOCTHraJ1H 7-8%, a Bbljlcp)KKa 113MeJIbgeHIIbIx Ap0?K)KCH B uexe npH 24-
28? Ha rIpOTR>KeIHH 1-3 4ac. npHBOJHJIa K ROHOJIIiHTeJIbHbIM nOTepiM eme
1-5% CYXHX Bel,CCTB. DTH AaHHblO 10JI>KHbI 6bITb y4TeHbl npH pa3pa6OTKe
TexHOJIorwlecKoFO peKCHMa CyWKH (HOTKHHa, 3anapa, BJIaceHKO,
BbIWe y>KC yKa3blBaJiOCb, 4TO nOJIy4eHHe aKTHBHbIX CyXHX JpOm>KeH B
3Ha4HTCJIb}IOFI eTeneilli Onpc eJI5ICTCB TaKMKe VCJIOBHBMH, npH KOTOpbIX HALT
liX BblpanuiBaHme. JIHTepaTypHblx AJHHbIX HO 3TOMY BOnpOCY O4CHb MaJIO.
B IIa,iaTbIX HaMH B 3TOM HanpaBJleHHH IICCJIeAOBaIIHRX Mbi OCTaIIOBHJIHCb
Ha 113y4CHIIII pc)KHMa a30TllCTOrO nuTaHHR H yCBOBHH a03peBaHRO Jpo KN eH
I'I3BCCTHO, 4TO B Jpo ax, 6eJHbix a3OTOM, Jier4e HAeT BJIarOOTJ aTIa Fl
Jiy4IIIC CTOHKOCTb H Ka4CCTBO nocJle CYWKH. BW.e B 1912 F. B Ap j
AJIHTCJIbHOH a3pauueu R0 CyWKH CHHMKaJIH COAep>KaHHe a30Ta
Ao 1,32-1,42?%0; HHCTpyKUHe1 BHHHXH (fJIeBaxo, 1953; HJIeBaKO, CeMH-
xaTO,Ba H , pyMKHHIilt, 1957) peKOMeHAyeTCB cHH}KaTbX CTp)K axHe a30 B
ApoMKMKax Jo 1,65-1,45/o. B exocBBOBaKBH H B Apy H p
pyT Ha CyLHKy Jpo~K H, 6eJHble a3OTOM. 0}KNCeH IIeKOTOpbrX
B Ta6.1. 5 HpHBQJHTCH a30THbIH COCTaB CyXHX Jp
FIauIHX 11 3apy6e>Klibix 3aBOJ0'B, HccBIeJOBaHHbIX HaMH Ha coJepMKaHHe o6LIle-
rO a30Ta, iieoca>KJaeMOrO 2%-HOH TpuXBOpyKCyCHOH KHCJIOTOH He6eJIKOBOr0
1I aMHHHOI'O a30Ta.
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H Jp0MOK IX 113 CLUA, MCHbFHC BCCPO B JPO aX H3 AHrmH. O]K>KaX
C Ije.IbIO CIIII>KCIIHH a3o'ra B npeJHa3Ha4CHl1blX AJIR C WKH Jp
1lcO6XO,RlIMO yMeFIbHIHTb B cpe,n KOJnlgecTBO jo6aBJ1HeM0FO MHHepaJIbHOrO
a30Ta, HIT) B CBOIO O4epeAb, MOMKeT iIpuBecTH K VMeHbmCIWlo BbIxo a ApOMK-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BuoxuMuiecxue OCHOSbI cycuxu xAe6oneKapHbIX dpoBcxceu
A3omu1,11 cccmaa cyxux apoJicJiceu pa3,tugxbrx 3aeo8oe
0681 a 11 130T,
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B B CWA (#pMa (DJlelirnMa1I)
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1,20-1,03% K Cblpblo, YCTaHOBJIeHbI HOpMbI a30TIICTOrO HHTaHHSI, 06ecne4H-
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a epede ua ebrxcd dpo.ac.rceu
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a30Ta B cpeFe Apoxcxcet1 06miib a3or,
- -- -- I % K Apox;>KaM
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a30Ta n0711OCTbIO HCHOJIb3yeTCH H yOBOKeMbIII opraHH4eCKHii a30T McJIaccbI,
RBJIHIOMeflCH OCHOBIIbIM CblpbeM HpH HPOH3BOACTBe XJIe6oneKapHbIX Jjpo>K-
>Keli, ,ijriSI cHIH. KeHHA a30Ta B Jjpo7K}Kax Heo6xoAHMo npaBIIJlblio y41TbIBaTb
yCBOAeMbIff A.po>K}ICaMH a30T McJIaccbI (1-IOTKHI-Ia, JTHXTeHHITeFIH H YJjOBH-
4exxo, 1941).
B npO113BOACTBe npeCCOBaHHbIX 21po>KoKef! Ao3peBaHme B KOHI4e npollecca
pa3MHO>KeHHH o6bIIIHO BCAYT B TC4eHHe 4aca HpH He3Ha4HieJIbHOH a3pauHu.
MMe51 B BHJjy, 4T0 B npaKTHKe onpaBAa.na ce6H AJIHTCJIbHaB aapaiw JjpO>K-
>KeII AO CyIHKH H '-ITO B HeKOTOpbIX naTeHTax (Schneider, 1955) peKOMCH1yeT-
CH BeCTH Bblpa[UHBBHHe npeAHa3HaoeHHbIX JIJII CyIIIKH JjpO>K>Ket3 Ha cnHpT-
COJjep>KaujCIi, 06eAHCHHOIi pOCTOBbIMH BenjeCTBaMH 6paxcxe, MbI H3MCHHJIH
YCJIOB115I Ao3peBanHH .gpo>K>KeII, JgOBe,Ij51 ero J(o 2 4ac. C HIITCHCHBHOII a3-
pa1HeJ cpeabl.
' flint WKH,ZaCMOM BbIROAC Apo}K>Ke5 80%.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
JI. F. HorrcuHa
JTOT npHeM HOJIHOCTbIO onpaBAbIBaeT ce6si. BbixoA ,apo}K}Kefi nOBbIluaeT-
CH Ha 2-4%; CHHxcaeTC51 coAepxcaHHe o6Hlero H aMHHHoro a30Ta; TaKHe
1[p03K}KII B npouecce o6e3Bo)KHBaHH9 JIyLIH.1e coxpaH5110T aKTHBHOCTb
(Ta6.n. 7).
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COCTaBe Apo)K)KeH, B Cy.nbq)rHApHJIbHbIX coeAHHeuHHX, B npOHHuaeMOCTH KJIe-
TOLIHOH 06o.10LIKH H AP.
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HHC B npouecce CyWKH coAep)KaHHH TperaJ103bl B Ap )
B npouecce XpalIeHHII JJpO>K>KeII 9TH II3MeHeHIIH He3HaBHTeJIbHbI.
5. B CHJ1y BbICOKOIi npoHHuaeMOCTH KJIeTOLIHOH 06o.IOLIKH H3 CyXHX Apoxc-
)KC6 H3BJ1CKaeTC51 31Ia4IHTCJIbHo 6oJTbmme CyJlbcprHApHJIbHbIX coeAHHeHHH, LIeM
V13 npeccOBa1IHbIX. O UIaKO B npoueCCC CyIHKH HapacTaHH5I SH-rpynn He npo-
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6. EcJIH B npouecce CyIIKB H xpaxeHHSI Ha6.nloAaeTCH cHHxcenxe aMHH-
HOrO a30Ta B Apo)K)KaX, TO aaxce npH COXpaHeHHH aKTHBHO(--TH ApoMK}Keii Ha
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;axapa, H0cKOJ1bxy, 110 TeOpeTHHICCKOMy pac4eTy YaHTa (White, 1954),
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Ta6.nHlla 1
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(Mealacca pa36anJlella BOAOki B COOTHOIneHlllt l : 3)
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BaHHl Ap0M OKeh noxa3bIBaIOT, HTO HpHpocT MacebI APO)K)KCH B 3THX yCJIOBHI0X
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BnuRHue Inurare.l6HMx aeuyecTri Ha pocT apo>rc.>rceu-caxapoAlut(eTOO 197
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(J)H3HOJIOrHHeCKH\1H CBOiICTBaMH npeACTaBJWCT 60JJbHJOli HHTCpeC, HOCKOJIbKy
CKOpOCTb pOCTa H pa3MHO}KeHn1I )ipo>K}Keci B cpejjax HOCTOAHHOrO COCTaBa
MOMUiO 6bICTpO Onpe,TjCJISITb HyTCM MHKPOCKOnHpOBaHHH H riogc eTa KJICTOK
v
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Z
8 9 10 /1 1
QnumeneHOCme Go'oojd,goHala, vacei
PIic. 1. H3MeHeHne CKOpOCTH pOCTa ApO)K f eti B npouecce nepnoAnvecxoro
BblpaniHBaHHH:
1 - y, e]bnbrii npupocT apo;xx eLi: 2- o6beM 100 xneTOK: 3 - npnpoc-r JU>o)h>Ke i B rpa r-
Max; 4- yzC7bub,B pacxo,2 caxapa
pa3}IOro pa3Mepa. H03TOMy B noCJ1eAy}OIILHX Cepnix OHbITOB naMH COnOCTaB-
.'lellbl pa3Mepbl KJICTOI{ C Hx reIIepaTHBIIoli aKTHBHOCTbIo McTOAOM MHKpOKyJlb-
Typbl. KOHTpOJIeM C.ily}KHJIH OHpe!eJleIlHe K0.1H9ecTBa o6pa3OBaHHOII 6HOMac-
CbI B annapaTC If Bec Ap0}K}KeFi ii Cp(',jc, cAKe'Iacrio oTTeKaIouLeJ3 113 annapa-
'ra B K0.111UeCTBC 15-17% oT o61uero ee o6'beMa.
HCnbITbIBajJHCb ABa pa3JIHgHbIx pe3KI1Ma nIITaHHSI r pW}K>K0fI. LtJIA 3TOr)
C}KC9aCIIO HOCTyHaJIH B annapaT McJlaccoBble paCTBOpbI B pa3HOM KoJIHtieCTBC.
B OJ1IIHX OnbITax B apwKQKepaCTHJIbHbIN a:InapaT IIOCTynaJlo oxOTio 30 r Me-
.'IaccbI ti COOTBCTCTBylomee KOJIII'ICCTBO HHTaTe,nbHbIX BeEIieCTB, B ApyrIX -
KOJ[H4CCT130 MieJlaccbl coccraBJla,-io 55-60 r ii cooTBeICTBeHIIo 6oJlblue nocT,--
1iaJ1o H BCCX JjPYFHX KOMHOHeIITOB cpeAbi. TaKHM o6pa3OM, JjpO}K>KH, BbIpa-
Ilielluble no o611jenpnnwroMy pe}KIIMy B TCnIeHHe 10 'IaC., 3aTeM JLJIHTeJIbnc)
KyJIbTHB1lpoBaaaHCb B npOTOgHOiI Ky.IbType C 06HJIbHOii a3pauHef CpCJjbI IJ
HHTaTCJIb;[blx Cpei,ax pa3JIH'IIION KOHIjeHTpaunu. B npOueCCe OHbITa npOH3B(-
ACH paciieT pacxoj a caxapa Ha 1 r BHOBb o6pa3oBaBmefIca 6HOMacCb1
(Ta6JI. 2).
HIM BbipauwHBaHHII ApO)x3Keii B pa36aBJICHHb[x pac-rBopax pacxoq caxapa
XOT5I H COOTBeTO'raoBa.ri TeOpeTIloeCKOMy (450-480 Mr Ha 1 r Bblpoctueci
%jp0}K)KeBOFi Maccbl), TeM He McHee Ha6JIIIoAaJIOCb yMenbinenne pa3MepoB
;ipo3K}KeBblx KJIeTOK H CHH}xaJIC51 TeMF POCTa ApOxcxcef: yJjeJIbnbllt npnpOCT
11po]K)KeBOl! MaccbI C 1,17 CIIH311JIC51 AO 1,1. COOTBeTCTBeHHO yMeHbmnsloCb
o6iuee KOJIHaeCTBO Jipo)foKeH B annapaTe (c 240 Ao 205 r.). YBeJ!HgeHHe
epoxa BbipanjHBanlfli Apoxcxcel3 npH 9TOM pe3KHMe nlaTanHSI npHBeJIo K Ha-
KOHJICHHIO B CpeAc MCJIKHX, He CfO006ITbIX K 6bICTpOMy POCTY KJIeTOK, o6pa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3yI01UHX B MHKpOKyJlbType 4epe3 6 4ac. McJIKHO KOJIOIIHH 113 IICCKOJIbKIIX
KJIeT,OK (puc. 2, 3 H 4,A). Ilpol[eCC BbIpall,HBaHHR Rp0%}Kefi npHoCTaHaBJIII-
13anc9 K 40-My uacy.
90
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2 4 6 8 12 14 /b Ib cu Lc. ..v
BpeMf . vccbi
Piic-. 2. COOTHOIIICHHC 411Caa ;1po)K)KCBbLX K.'ICTOK pa3HOPO pa3Mepa
I1p11 HCROCTaTKe nnTaiimT.
cpeUHEle; - - M(.Iib e: , - Kpymlwe.
IIpil Bblpai3[HBarIH}I j pOw>KCi1 B cpe)1ax c 6o:ee BbICOKOH KOHLCHTpaUHCN
aaKTaTeJlbIIbix IjeHLCCTB oICpe3 40 iiac. npeo6JlaflaJIr1 Jjpo%}KeBble KJIeTKr1 CpeR-
QHX it KpyHHbiX pa3MepOB, o6JIa; atoLjue J_1,OJI}KHOH reiiepaTHBHOH IKTIIBHO-
CTb1O B MHxpOKyJIbrype (piic. 411;). Pacxai caxapa B yCJ1OBHRX 9T11X OnbITOB
cocTaBJi a 640-670 Mr Ha 1 r IlaKai1 11BaIoIIeHCR 6HOMaocbl; o6H1ee KOJIH11e-
CTBO Rpo>K}KeH B arinapaTe cocTaBJIHJIO rIOCTORHHyIO BeJ1H HHy (255-253 r.),
yAeJlblibiH HPHPOCT Apo}Kweft TaK}Ke xapaKTepH30BaJIcq oRHOH If ToO WO Be-
nH4HnoH
10
2 4 6 8 /2 14 16 /8 20 22 24 36 40 44 48
BpeMfi, vaCbi
301-
Pic. 3. COOTHOHweHile 3p0)K)KeBbIX KJICTOK pa3HOfO pa3Mepa 11p11
H0pMa.11bH0M noTa1HII. YGTOBHbie o603Ha9CHHH TC )KC, 4TO Ha
pHc. 2.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, 11auACI111bliI peiKll\i I111TaHHH TtPWK>KeI B MCJIacCOBbIX
pacTBOpax F103BOJI20T JjJIHTCJIbHO KyJIbTHBHpoBaTb RpO>K}KH 110 B03JI,y1IHO-
UpHTO4HOMy McTORy.
fIpH RJIIITeJ]blOM KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH Rp0}K}Ken B npHTO4HOH KyJlbType
ua6J11oRaJIHCb XapaKTepHble H3MCHeHH9 BeJIHgHHbI KJICTOK npH HeJ ocTaTOgHOH
KonueHTpauHH nHTaTeJIbHbIX Beu.LeCTB, B TO BpCMH KaK ROJI)KHai K0IIIjCHTpa-
411R npIBORHJIa K RJIHT'eJIbI-IOMy HOBoo6pa3oBaHHlo aKTHBHO paCTylt[HX KJICTOK
6o.nee KpynuOrO pa3Mepa.
O6paluaeT Ha CC69 BHHMaHHC TO o6CTORTeJlbCTBO, 4TO yJeJIbHbIll pacxoL
caxapa iia HpHpoCT OloMaccbl BCCbMa 311a4HTeJIei - 630-650 Mr; n0-BH,rjH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BAuHHue nurarenbHbix (ieuiecra Ha pocr dpoJ ceu-caxapo tut eroa 199
Ta6aHua 2
If3WeHexue o6aema dporcrceabcx Knemo,c e eonoemaenexua co cKopoembro p( ema 6uomaecbl
u ydeAhHbl,M pacxodom caxapa
HeAoCTaTOIIHaH KOHIieHTpal{HH nHTaTeJIbHbIx
Be IIke CTB
AOCTaTOIIHaa KOHUeHTpa[LHa nuTaTCJIbIIblx
BenICCTB
KOJIHgeCTBO
KOJIH'I'CTBO
ynenbHhlil paC-
xo
c
oOueM 100
ApomH:erI, r
yAenbHbili pac-
eM 100 APO)K>Keg, r
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12
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9000
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0,45
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0,67
9300
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0,48
7000
225
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0,65
9500
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0,55
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217
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0,58
6500
209
22
0,66
9`200
258
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0,60
6200
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0,65
9200 253
43
MOMy, IIaKOHJ1euHe fp0}K}KeBbIX KJIOTOK, CH00061ibIX K AJIHTeJIbI[OMy OOCTY,
MO}KeT HpOHCXOJIHTb He TOJIbKO HpH H36bITKe caxapa B yCJIOBHI1x CIIHpI'OBOCO
6po>KeHHH. aim HOJ1TBep}KJjeHH2 3TOr0 HpeJ noJIO}KeIIHA 6b1Jla IIOCTaB.Jiella
PHc. 4. TeHCpaTHHHaH IIKTIIHHOCTb ;jp0)K>Keli:
III)li IIeAOCTaTKC [IHTaHIiH; i - Iipif IIOpMaJIh11oM 111IT2111n. POCT 'IPO:KHK>xeFl Ha caxap COCTaBJIHJI He 60JIee
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Pacxod caxapa.Ha 1 2 npeccoea-HHhlx dpo.'lc.weu npu eblpuu{ueaxuu dpoxc,Iceu o :w(Maccoev1x pacrncopax c eb1e0KOil KoHgexnapaqueii numameAbHblX
eeuyecme npu pa3iu'iHOU aapaquu epedbi
I
PacxoA muaac-
Ko:Iu9ccTHO ApOaH-'
PacxoA me-
1K:Keii IICHO.-Ib3OBaJIHCb KaK HOceBHble 13 OHbITaX BbIpaIJIHBaHIIq
ap0}K)KeFr if OIICHHBa.1HCb HO reHepaTliBTIOri aKTrIBHOCTII 11 CKOpOCTiI poCTa
(Ta6Jr. 3).
,LBa o6pa3ua apo)K)Ke0 6bL,aH Holyoe-
Ilbi HpIi OIjIIIIX H Tex iKe yCJIOBIISIX HHTa-
HHH B HpOueCCe Bblpan 11BaHI1H Kollljell- 501
Tpaljwj HHTaTeJIb}{F,Tx Beu ecTB
Caxapa, 30JIbllbIC it pOCTOBbIC He- 404 6 , V
Cpe,QHCM OJjlry H Ty iKe Bea1IItIIIlly, TaK KaK 4,300
13 3TI1X OHbITaX B Tegexxe 12 oac. Dacxo- :' i~
JIaCChl co CpeaIIHM ee pa36aBJleHHei BO-
B03ayxa, pacxo,ijyeyioro Ha a3pauHlo cipe-
jbI r HepBOM
OH
bITC Ub!1o BaBoe Melbme',
11eM BO BTOpOM, 1110 HplIBeJIO K lIaKOH Ie 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9
HAIO 300 ~r ~ BpEMA, VOC6/
1 0
K r r BpoBT2f ei B nep oo c.7ygae, H P11c. 5. CKOPOCTb poCTa 1pomxKii, BbI-lb- IIbIH pacxoa caxapa Bo BTOpOM) O; y
ITC 0 pa111CHH pa3":2 J l meiaCCOBEJX OHHeHTpagl{g~CTBOpaS
CTaaIIH HHTeIICHB110ro poCTa ap0}K)Keil co- I - APOaHKir y'. 1; .v ?. J - 3. u k-u-
CTaB.IIA.7 440--450 Mr Ha I r npecc cnrprritrsr ua'iac.7 cm i.,iq I it 2- 1 :L,
IIbIX ; pn)IC}Ke0 B HepBOM OHbITe axap - I :28.
paCxOJjOBaJICH B 6OJIbUIOM J136bITKe K Be-
Cy paCTyIIIHx 2po2K)KeFi H cocTaB n.1 700-850 MI' Ila I I- :jpo)K)Keir. TaKrlf o6-
pa3oM, B IIepoo.M OITITe irapHHay C IraHO:T.1eHHe\ jpoHK Kc0 HpOricxojHJIo c6pa-
>KUBa1rHe caxapon, BO BTOpO:'VM - caxap pacxoaoBa~ICA B O,:HOBiiOM Ila nocTpo-
cime 611oMacicbi.
B IleiIBX 113yOeHjIH CKOpOCTIT poCTa 3THx a13V'X 06pa3uOB, 01111 HCHO.1b3o-
I3aJIHCb ,'j.151 HOCJieaViomijX OHbITOB I3bIpallj11BaHr10 ;Ipo}K)KeO Ila J1eIIa000BbIX
cpeaax, HpUIeM cKOpocTb HaKOH,Ier1Hn Maccbl Toro it Tipyroro o6pa3ua Ire
Hpe)ZCTaB,IA.1a CVII&CCTBCHHOrO pa3JoHgli5l (pnc. 51). DTO H03I30:rBe1' yTBep-
)Kaa'rb, 1110 ,j,'IS{ ,j.1IIT0 IbHOFO KYJIbTHBIIpOBOHHB Jjpo)K)KC}I OCIIOBIIbIM yC.1OBH-
cM COXpaiiem B CII000611OCTTI K 6bICTpOMy HOB006pa3oBalIHlo K.1CTOK HB?1HCTC51
xaTbCn C HOCTOAIIIIOfi CKOpOCTbI4
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
E. A. ll,leeako
npHpocTa 6HOMaCCbI IIpH yCJIOBIIII HpaBHJIbHOLI Jj03HpOBKH HHTaTeJIbiIbIX Be-
HZeCTB, pace-iHTaHHOH KaK Ha HpHpOCT RpoK>Kef, TaK H Ha o6MeHTlble peaK-
TIHH pacTyHZeit apwK>KeBOK MaccbI.
4. 9KCnepnMCIITaTlbITO 1[ail; exa i[o3HpoBKa HoJIHOueHHoli Me7acCOBOi-1
cpejlbi, CHOCO6CTBVIOIUa5 !.'THTCJIbHoMV ;;oxpaIieHHIO CKODOCTIT pocTa caxapo-
MHIIeTOB. OHTHMa.1mHOe cpe]IHee pa36aH.I1eHHe Me-TiaccbT BOIIO1T Cf`CTalmsleT
1 : 17. CyujeCTBeHI1bIM ABk1I5IeTC5I ,i1.OJI}KIIa51 KOHITeHTpauJIH MHHepaJlbllbIX It
pOCTOBb!X BeIIICCTB H A1HKp09.11eMeHTOB. Ko.nHUecTBO CaXapa 13 Mel aCCOBbIX
cpeiax He JIO.iI}KHO 6bITb IIH}Ke 440 Mt' Ha I I' npfl>K>KeR, BblpaH.IHBaeMblx H
annapaTe 3a I LiaC. TTpu IT36bITKe caxapa LlaCTb ero MONKeT pacxoflOBaTbCR
Ila CIHpTOBOe 6po3KCHHe, OJ1HHKO HHTeHCHBHOCTb pa3MHO)KeHHH Apo o1 ei! He
3aBHCHT OT HTITeIICHBHOCTI{ 6po5KeHITA.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3. 3. Apy6iz nei, H. H. TKateti Ko, 3. T. HoaHo6a
OCOBEHHOCTH CBPA)KNBAHNSI APEBECHbIX FHJIIPOJIN3ATOB
JLPO)K)KAMH SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE
(BcecoI03HbIII HayvHO-Hcc.ne) oeaTenbcKHlf HHCTHTyT
rH,[{POJIH3HOII H CyJIb()HTIIO-CHHpT0B01I HPOMbIHI.neHHOCTHI
C6pa>KHBairue jpeBeCHbIX rHjjpOJIH3aTOB Ha CHHpT B FHapOJIII3HOli IlpO-
MbiHIJIeIIHOCTH ocyujeCTBJI5IeTC51 I-TefPepbIBHbIM CIIOCO6oM 6pOxceHH 1 C HCHOJIb-
3OBaIIHCM pa3JIH4Hb[X pac Sacch. cerevisiae.
AJIHTCJIb11OC HCHOJIb30BaHIIe 3THX L po>K>KeFI B 6po.L HJIbHbIX Iiallam 3aBO-
;jOB CHoco6CTBOBajIo yCHeiIIHOMy HpHcnoco6Jieiiuio HX K CyujeCTBOBaIIHIO 13
CHel&HjjJH4IeCKHX yCJIOBHAX ,gjCBeCIibIX rHjjpoJIH3aTOB. flepeBO,j HpOH3BOJjCTBeH-
IiOro 6pO>KeHHH Ha OTCeJIcKIuHOHHpoBaHHble JIyvmmHe paCbl Sacch. cerevisiac
(JIeHHHrpaJ cKan 33, Kaxcxasi 2, ApxaxreJlbcKaB H jp.) cHoco6cTBOBaJi no-
1b1IlIeHHIO Bbixo>ja OHH1pTa, HpH,pOCTy ZpO)K)Keil H coxpaii eniio Hp,oJo.nuKII-
TCJIbHOCTFI 6p0>KeilHH.
B HOCale,gliHe FOjbI (c 1949 r.) OTMe'iaeTCSi HOiBjieiiHe B 6p0JjHJIbHbIX LIa-
I1aX HOBOrO, CHOHTaIIHO pa3BHBaiOIn,erOC51 BO36YJ1HTeJIB 6po>KeFIHH H3 pojja
Schizosaccharomyces.
F1051BJIeHHe HOBOro Hpoj[yue1iTa CHHpTa Ha6JlioaaeTCSI Ha 3aBO,gax, paCHO-
JIO>KeHHbIX B pa3HbIX KJ1HMaTH1IeCKHX yCJIOBHHX. TaK, HOBbie jjp0>K>KH HOJIHO-
CTbIO BbITeCHHJIH aKTHBHbie MECTHble paCbl Sacch. cerevisiae, Ha KOTOpbIX 3a-
BOjjbi 6eccMeHHo pa60TaJIH B TC'IeHHe 7-9 JIeT, Ha XOpCKOM (,gaJIbHi.i i Boc-
TOK, Xa6aPOBCKI ii Kpaii), KaHCKOM (BOCTOIIHaH CH6Hpb, KpaCHOHpCKHii
Kpaf) H ApxaHreJIbCKOM FFljjp0JIH3HbIX 3asojjax. Sacch. cerevisiae,
iia KOTOpbIX 6bIJIO Hauaio HpOH3B0,HCTBeHHoe 6p0>KeHHe Ha FIOBOM KOCb-
BHHCKOM rHapOJIH3HOM 3aBOJje (CpeAiiHF4 YpaJI, IlepMCKaH o6JIaCTb), OKa3a-
.'IHCb liepe3 rOjj BbITCCIieHbI pO,LOM Schizosaccharomyces.
31Ia,mTeJIbHoe pa3BHTHe 3TOT poJj jjpo>K>Kef HOJIy14HJI TaK>Ke B 6pouHJIb-
1{bIX '-IaHax ,TIeHHHrpa,gCKOrO, CapaTOBCKOro H Cere}KCKOrO (KapeJlb-
CKaSI ACCP) rHJjpOJIH3HbIX 3aBOUOB. Cogep>KaHHe Schizosaccharomyces
B HpOIT3BOJjCTBenHbIX fjpo>K>KaX B 3THX cJIyLIaflx , oCTHraJio 5-15%, 110 B
;jaJlbHefineM Ha6JIIOJjaJIocb Hx OTMHPaHHe.
11o,Bble RpO>x>KH 6bIJIH Bbrjje.'IeiIbI it 0HpejjeJleHbI KaK Schizosacch. Poinbc
(piiC. 1).
B HPOH3BOjCTBeHHb1X 6pa>KKax, IK>KCf BCTpcgaCTCH B TpoHHHeCKOM, cy6TpOHHUe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
3. 3. ZIpy6A MHOIS, H. H. TKa eeHKo, 3. T. HeaHOQa
CKOM It yMepeill[OM KJIHMaTaX. CTallOBIITCR 51CIIbIM, 'ITO 3T11 ,IIPOMK}KH HOSIBJISI-
IOTCIT If B 6o lee CypOBbIX KJIHMaTax - KOIITIIHeIITaJIbllOM, pe3KOKOHTHHeHTaJIb-
IIOM I1 CCBCpHbIX qaCT51X yMepeHIIOI'o.
KpOMe Toro, 3T11 APO)K)KH CHOCO6HbI pa3BHBaTbclT He TOJIbKO Ha 3aTOpax
113 HHHICBOI'0 CbIpbB (COJIOTOBbIX, KapTOOeJIbHbIX, 3epHOBbIX, npOC51HbIX, 113 Ca-
XapllOrO TpOCTIII1Ka), lta HJIOJOBO-2FOAI1b1X COKax, 4)pyKTOBbIX TeCTaX H KOH-
(~eTIIblX Maccax (I-I(,no1IIHILIa5i H Pv6aHCBH-I, 1938; CTaUHHzIeHKO, 1940), uo ii
IIa HCKycCTBeHHbIX, 6o lee 6e,giibIX HIITaTeJIbHbIX Cy6CTpaTaX, KaKHMH 51B75I-
1OTC51 jPeBCCHbie rHApO7H3aTbi.
IIO .1HTCj)aTypHbIM ;l,aHlihiM, ;Ip0}K}KIU 113 poaa Schizosacellaromyces pd3-
."[IIi1HO OIICIIHBa1OTCH KaK B036y;iHTeJIH CHHpTOBOFo 6p0}KeHHH: B TO BpeMH, Kax
oAHil aBTOPb1 (UJ,ep6aKOB H flonosa, 1934; CHTHHKOB, 1937; KPJuKOBa H
(Idu>uep, 1951; KyApBBueB, 1954) HPH31Ia1OT HX aKTllBIlbIMH CnnpTOO6pa3OBa-
TeJIBMII, JIpwrUC. (SC1)11kow, 1896; KHPOB it JIe11IHHcKa5l, 1937; KOMapoBa,
1937; Pa7CliK0, 1941) yKa3bIBaK)T Ila HOllH)KCIIHb1H BbIXOA CHHpTa y 3T11\
;Ipo>K>Kei1 no cpanlleliHlo c Sacch. cerevisiae LI Sacch. ellipsoideus. HCH07b30-
BaHHe Schizosacch. Pombe B c iecn c Sacch. cerevisiae BO MHOFHX c iyga i
,gaBaJIO JIy9ILIHO pe3y.ubTaTbI, ieM Ka KAa5i 113 HCHblTaI-IIIbIX paC B 0Tf CJIbIIOCTII.
Schizosacch. Ponlbe, pa3BHBaK)IIIHeCA Ha ,peBeCHbIX FNJypOJIH3aTaX (KeJIpO-
BbIX, COCHOBO-JIIICTBCllHblx) H BbITecnnBmHe 113 6poAH.lbHbIX iiaiiOB Sacch.
cerevisiae, flBJIAIOTCSI 3llepnltIHbiMH CHHpTOO6pa30BaT07AMH, KOTOpbiC 113 paB-
IIbIX KO.,'IHLICCTB C6po1KCIIII0ro caxapa (PB) , alOT 60JIee BbICOKHit BbIXOJI CHHP-
Ta, HC)KCJIH aKTHBHbIC HpoH3B0,rCTBeimble paCbl Sacch. cerevisiae (Ta6Ji. 1).
Tai:, Schizosacch. Ponlbe 113 100 Kr c6po}Ke11HOro caxapa ;IaroT 57-59 ,i
CHHpTa, Sacch. cerevisiae -- 52-54 JI.
floTpe6Jlemic caxapa II o6pa3OBaHHe CHHpTa B npouecce 6pox{ellHB Hp0-
Tcxae:T ropa3, o aKTHBHee y Schizosacch. Pombe.
UpOBOJIHJHICb IIa6JI1OjeHHII 3a CKO)OCTbIO c6pa)KHBaIIHSI KeApOBoro rH,gPO-
:IH3a1'a 060HMH pOgaMH AP0}K}KeIi. 143 npOH3BOACTBeIIHbIX pac Sacch.
cerevlslae HCH0Jlb3OBaJIHCb ABe: aKTHBHaII, c6pa3KHBa1OuJma51 raJIaKT03y (AC-
IIHHrpa;ICxaSI 33), it 6o:iee c:Ia6alT, tie c6paxcHBaloiuaH BTOT caxap (XopcKa1).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
KHCJIOTH OCTb, P B j KHC.aoT-
mn O,IH. NaOII o p1I HoCT1, 11.0
M:1 6pa:Krar '0 O.fr,. NaOH
I I I i
C6poacelro CnxpT,
PB, %
Bt,ixoj1 cnH-
PTa 113 100
Kr caxapa,
.1
Sacch. cerevistae . 4,2 20 2,544,6 17 1 0,(;0 1 1,94 g 92 52,5
Schizosacch.Pombe 4,2 20 2,493,9 27 1,95 1,94 58,7
Ap0}K}KH BIIOCHJIHCb B I'IljjpOJII33aT 13 KOJIHHCCTBe 10 r/,1. Llepe3 Ka>Kgbie 2 tia-
ca B 6paAKKe onpeJjeJISIJIHCb caxap If CrIHpT.
Pe3yJIbTaTbl OnbITOB n1percTa;BJIeIIbI fia plic. 2.
PB,
Oco6eHHOCTU cGpa ic(ca,iu i dpellecHbtx eudpo,t13UTO,1 dpo.m,rca,Hlt
Ta6.niiua I
C6parc11aaHUC udpo;tu3anut a saaodcK11x yc.ioctoix pa3Hbtaut dpo.r(Jtcaua
2 /~4 6 8
8peM,+ OIPOWeHUN,VUCb/
PHc. 2. jjHHammlfKa c6pa7KnBaHI15I r1f,3po.3H3aTa Schizosacc/l. Ponibt' 11 HCKOTO
pblblll ItPOH3B0.3CTBCHHbil,111 pacamu:
:l .-- Sacch. ccreoisiae (paea JlenaHrpa,gcKaa 33); G -- Saecl,, cerec'isiae (paca X(,pcKam)
I n 3- noTpe6.nenne caxapa; 2 x 4- o6pa3oeaHH0 cnlpTa; I H 2- v Scl,iz. Pombe;
3 it 4 - y Sacch. cerc-eisiae.
KaK BHJjHO, mli3ocaxapoMHueTbI 3Heprngiiee nOTpe6JIH1oT c6pa)KnBaeMbl}I
caxap Jjpesecnoro cyc.ra H 6bICTpee o6pa3yloT cllnpT, HexceJrll caxapoMHue-
TbI. FlocjieJjuue MOry'T ,3ocTiI4b Toii Ace xoriueHTpauHll CHHpTa npit yjjJIHHeHIIH
cpoxa 6poA{eiin i Jjo 24 tlac.
B HPOH3BOJjCTBeiiHb1X YCJIOBHHX HPH HCHOJIb3QBaHHIi itenpepblBHbIX CHOCO-,
60B 6po KeHIIH CnnpToo6pa3oBaHHe y IIIH30CaxapoMHueTOB npOTeKaeT eme
aKTIiBHee: 1O'ITH BeCb c6pa}KHBaeMbIIt caxap OKa3bIBaeTCH MO6HJIn30BaH 3TH-
MIr Jjpo )KaMH, KaK TOJIB.KO JIpo>K>KeBaH CyCneu3HR nonajjaeT B rr,IjpoJIH3aT, I!
OKOH4aTeJlbrlaH KOHueHTpaILHH CHHpTa B 6pa)KKe VCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH B 6po-
,-jH,TIbnoH 6aTapee tiepe3 3-3,5 tiaca.
YcTaHOB.7eHO, IITO I Kr jjpoA{>KeBOR MHCCbI Schizosacch. Pombe B rlpO143-
BOJjCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBHHX c6paA{HBaeT 10-12 Kr caxapa B CyTKH, B TO BpeMH
KaK Sacch. cerevisiae B 3THX Ace yCJIOBHHX MOA{eT C6pOllfTb 7,5 Kr.
Ba>KHO 6bLJIo yCTa1iOBHTb, fie HpOHCXOjjHT Jill nOBbIHIeiIHOrO BbIXBJja Cnnp-
Ta 3a CtIeT c6paA{HBaHHH apyrHX yrJiesojjoB rH,1p0JLH3aTa, KpOMe reKC03.
,LaBHO H3BeCTHO, qTO pojj Schizosaccharomyces npoH3BOJjnT 60JIee rJiy6o-
Koe c6pa}KHBaHIIe IIHBHOrO cycJia, tleM Saccharomyces, Hcno.Tlb3y5l npH 3TOM
He TOJIbKO All- H TpuuCaxapuj[bI, HO H 6ojlee CJIOA{Hble yr.1eBO,JbI (KyJjpIBueB,
AraTOB H KJlonKOBCKaH, 1947).
Schizosacch. Ponibe, BbITeCHHBHIne H3 6Poj(HJIbHbIX tIallOB I'HJ_jpOJIH3Hblx
3aBOJIoB Sacch. cerevisiae, TaKA{e ciioco HbI r./Iy6OKO Bb16pa>KHBaTb IIHBHOC
CyCJIO C o6pa3oBaHHeM BbICOKHX KOHuelITpauHir CHHpTa.
Hue npuBOjjITCH gaHHbie (Ta6Ji. 2) no c6pa}KIIBaHH10 nHBHoro cyc.7a
i aH6ojice aKTHBiibIMil pacaMH o6onx pOJjOB , po:KA{eli. OnpeJ.je1leune yrJIeBOJj-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
206 3. 3. ,Z~py6nstHety, H. N. Ttcake,oco, 3. T. Fioauooa
IIbIX rpynn B [IHBHOM cyciie AO 6po)KeHHSi H HO OKOHLIaHHH ero npoH3B0AHJIOCI,
6e3 rI1Ap0JIH3a H noc ie rIIAP0JIH3a 1%-Hoi HCI B Te'IeHHe 5 MHH. npH 7pr
H 3 'Iac. B KHnSia eu BoJ[AHOH 6aHe.
C6pawueanue yeneeodoe nuanoeo eycAa npou3eodemeeHHbtAtu pacaMu
Schizosacch. Pc mbe u Sacch. cerevisiae (e %)
y'rneBOnbl AO 6lo?KeHH2 1J rJu BOAb1 nocne 6po>te( nHH
S aech . eerevi si ae . . . . . . . .
Schizosacch. Pombe . . . . . . .
613 rH-
iponn3a
3,76
3,76
nocJie
3 vac.
rnnpo-
nH3a B
3 %-HoV
8,24
8,24
nocne
5 MHH.
rHAPo-
nH3a B
I %-HON
HCI
4,41
4,41
6e3 rH-
Apo.nH3a
nocne
3 vac.
rHApo-
JIH3a B
3 %-HOP
HCI
CnHpT,
o6b1MH.
2,73
3,43
3,97
5,94
2,34
3,30
YrjIeBOAxasl '-IBCTb apeBeCHbIX rHRP0J1113aT0B COCTOHT n3 reKCO3, neHT03 H
MaJIO H3y4eHHbIX yr.'IeBOA0B, IIHBepCHST KOTOpbIX B 2%p-HOI/ cepHOI3 KHCJIOTe
B Te4eHHe 3'Iac. B KIIHRIUEH 6aHe yBeJIHLIHBaeT K0JIH'IeCTBO c6pax{HBaeMOro
caxapa B ApeBecHOM CyCJIe (BeJIHCBCKI;II, 1955). HHorLa AOHOJIHHTe.nbHbII1
rHApoJIH3 B yxa3aHHbIx yCJIOBHSIX He npuBOAHT K npupanl,eHHIO caxapa B rHA-
poJIH3aTe, HO npH C6pa)KHBa1IHH TaKOFO cyCJia BbIX0A cnHpTa yBeJIH'IHBaeTCH
(Ta6ji. 1, OnbIT 2). BHAHMo, HeHHBepTHp00BanxbIH noJlncaxapHA o6JIaAaeT pe-
AyulipyiOHtei" cnoco611o0TbI0 H onpe;neJI3eTC51 B I H.B.poJIH3aTe 6e3 HHBCpCHB.
11pvi HHBepcIIH 011 nepexoJ1HT H3 IIeC6pa3KHBaeMOH BOplMOM C KOJI emyCH
CoaepxKH 3aCeBajlHCb Ha HeIIHBeITHPOBaHIible 14 H_1-
BepTHpoBaHHbie ApeBeCHble cycna (Ta611. 3).
C6pamueanue HeuHeepmupc6aHHOeo u uxaepmupoeaHHOeo
eudpoi:uama Schizosacch. Pornbe
AO HHBepcim
Hoene
)lO nnBepciv
Ilocne ,
PB Ao 6pO-
)KCHHH, % u cn HpT, o6b^MH.
PB, ,0 %
2,51,
2,70
3,68
3,68
0,70
0,69
1,38
1,38
1,10
1,14
1,29
1,45
KaK CJICAYeT 113 iia6JI1OJJennii, IuH3oCaxapoMHueTbI Be cn0c06Hb1 c6paxcli-
B3Tb HeuIIBepTHpOBaHHble yrJ1eBOJjbI.
noJIy'IeHHe 6ojiee BbICOKHX BbIXOAOB CnHpTa npH c6pax{HBaHHii rHApoJI1I-
3aTOB 9THMH Apo>KaMH o6bsicH5ieTC51, BHAHMO, TeM, 9T0 B aaHHOM cJIy'Iae
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Oeo6eHxocru c6pamcu6aHun dpeaechbIX eudpo;iu3arov dporcycamu 207
upoijecc CHIIpTOO6pa3OBaHHH HpOTeKaeT 6e3 HaKOnJIeHHA TaKOro xOJIHLIeCTBa
n060LIHbIX HPOJyKTOB, KOTOpOe Ha6JII01aeTCSi npn HCnOJib3OBaHHH Sacch. ce-
revisiae (YTeHKOBa-PaHuaH, 1954).
HHTepeCHO TaK)Ke OTMeTHTb, LITO CnnpTOO6pa30BaIIHe Ha rH,rjpOJIH3aTe npo-
TeKaeT B pa3HbIX YCJIOBH51X KHCJIOTHOCTH, B 3aBIICHMOCTH OT npHMeHHeMbIX
,Zpox{)Keu (Ta6Ji. 1). KOHJjyKTOMeTpH4eCKHM THTpOBaHHeM yCTaHOBJIeHO CO-
;jep)KaHHe CB06OJ.[HbIX H CBH3aHHbIX OpraHMecKHX KHCJIOT B 6pa)KKe, a TaKxce
o6wee nX xoJIH4ecTBO (pHC. 3).
Schizosacch. Pombe BbI3bIBaIOT noJJKHCJIeHHe 6pa)KKH. HOBbIIIIeHHaH KHC-
.-IOTHOCTb yCTaHa,BJIHBaeTCH . B HepBble tiacbi 6p03KeHHH it o6ycJIoBJIHBaeTCA
O6pa30BaineM CBO6o jiIbIX OpraHHzIeCKHX KHCJIOT (plc. 2). C6pa)K1IBaHHe
500 b
40 1
400
3A9 -
X30
20 _.~?~.` 200
100 100 -
J.-
0 2 4 6 ~?c 0 Z 4 6
Bpe t n 6poxeHaq, voce; Bpemw 6poMreMun voce;
PHC. 3. KEIc,noroo6pa3oBaaxe HpH c6paxiHBainH rnupo,n i-
3aTa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HpIMeHBeMbMX ,gpO)K>Kei
I - o6Hiee KoJ H ecTBO KHCJIOT; 2 - CB06O HbIB KHC TOTbI;
3 - CBn3aHHb(e KHCJIOTLI
A - Sacch. cereaisiae (paca JIeHHHrpaacxaa); B -_,Schizosacch.
Pombe (paca Xopexan)
rHJ1poJIH3aTa fPOH3BOJjCTBeHHbIMH pacaMN Sacch. cerevisiae conpoBO}ICJjaewC i
CHH)KCHHCM KHCJIOTHOCTH B 6pa)KKe B pe3yJlbTaTe HOTpe6JIeIIHH OpraIIHgeCKHx
KHCJIOT 1`1rJjpOJIH3aTa H TeX MaJIbIX KOJIHLICCTB OpraHHgeCKHX KHCJIOT, KOTOpbIC
o6pa3y1oT 3TH JjpQ KJ B Hagajle 6poxceHH3q.
BO.IbnjOe BJIIISiHHe Ha BbIXO,r CnHpTa H pa3MII0)KeHHe Jjpo)K)Kelt OKa3bIBaeT
riatIajIblraB KHCJIOTIIOCTb JjpeBecnoro cyCJia.
,TJIIITCJIbHbie Ha6JIIoJjeHJH 3a 6poM(eHHeM B HpOH3BOJjCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBHHX,
BbI3bIBaeMbIM Schizosacch. Pombe, yKa3aJIH Ha BO3MO)KHOCTb nepepa6OTKH
rHJjpoJI143aTOB Jjaxce c pH=3,9.
Hau60Jiee aKTJIBIIOC BbITCCHeHHe caxapoMnueTOB H3 6pO,1HJIbHbIX qaHOB
npOIICXOJju:IO TaK)Ke npH c6pa)KHBaHHH rHJjpOJIH3aTOB c pH=3,9. Sacch.
cerevisiae aKTHBHIee 6poAHT npH pH=4,2-4,5; npH 3TOi3 KHCJIOTHOCTH BeJjeT-
CH 6po)KeuHe Ha rI'JjpoJIH3HbIX 3aBOJjaX.
BJIHAHHe pH Ha BbIXO, CHHpTa H pa3MHo)KeHHe Jjpoxc)KeH- H3ygaJlOCb TaK-
KKC B ,ia6opaTOpHbIX yCJIOBHSIX. ;jPWK)KH, Bblpau ef1Hbie Ha CMeCH rHJ[pOJIH3a-
Ta H HHBIiOrO cycJIa, BIIOCUJIIICb B rHJjpOJIn3aTbl pa3HOI3 KHCJIOTHOCTH B KOJIH-
giecTBe 15-18 r/Ji. Bpo>Keune IHJio npH TeMnepaType 32-330. Cpa3y no oxoH-
rlauuH 6paxcica OTJjeJIH lacb Ha H,eHTpH(pyre OT Jjpox{x{eH, KOTOpble BHOBb
3aJInBaJIIIcb CBe)KHM dHHJjpOJI113aTOM C Hy)KHbIM pH, nOJjOrpeTblM J10 yKa3au-
1(ON TeMnepaTypbl.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, iia O, HIIX H TeX )Ke JjpO)K)KaX CTaBHJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO 6po-
)KeHH}I, 'ITO IIO3BOJIA,TO 6oJiee HOJIHO BbIABHTb 3HaqeHHe HCCJIeJjyeMoro
(jJaK"I'Opa npH RJIHTe.TIbHoM ero BO3JjeiICTBnH. FIPH 3TOM 6bIJIO OTMeLIeHO, 'ITO
aKTHBHOe 6po)KeHne Schizosacch. Pombe npOH3BO)jHIT B JjOCTaTO4H0 HIHpOKOM
FHTepBaJIe pH - OT 3,9 Jjo 4,4.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
O,g iaKO npO, O.M I1TeJTbnoe Be,emic 6po)Kel-IHA npli p11=3,8-3,9 3a,1ep-
x{HBaeT pa3MIIO}Ke1IHC ,Rpo}K}KeM; B03paCTaeT KOJIH'-IeCTBO MepTBbIX KJIeTOK.
HOBbIIIIemIC KHC.'IOTHOCTH rHRpOJIH3aTa Ao pH=3,9 y Sacch. cerevisiae
;ja?KC Ha IIeCKOJIbKO 'IaCOB COnpOBO}KRaeTCH 60JIBWII I IIeRo6pOROM II 3Ha4H-
,reJlbHbIM OTMHpaIIHeM KJIeTOK.
HOR'BJIeIFHe B 6po;jHJIbHbIX ilailax THApOJIH3HbIX 3BBOAOB JJ,poxc?Kerl 113 p0-
Aa Shizosaccharomyces 4anle BCeI-O Ha6JIIORaeTC2 B TenJloe BPeMR roJia.
B 3TOT nepi1o; B 6poAIIJIbI-Ible OTReJIeHIIB, KBK npaBHJIO, nOCTynaeT cyc.io c
1IOBbIUIeHHOH TeMInepaTypoH Ao 33-35?.
B Tex peAKHX cJlynaHx, KorJ(a 3aceJreHne 6pOjIL1bIIbIX 4axoB po,IoM
Schizosaccharomyces npOHCXORHJIO IIC B TeHJIOe BpeMII roaa, yCTaHOBJleno,
'ITO B 3TOT nePIIOA IIa 3aB0RC npOH3BOJ[I{JIOCb C6pa?KHBaIIHe FHAp0J1H3BTOB C
n0BbIweHH0H TeMHepaTypOII.
B Ta6JI. 4 npIIBORSITCB Ra111IbIC 0 B."IHHHIIII pa3JIw-IHbIX TemiiepaTyp IIa
c6paxcHBaHHe CaXapOB, BbIXOR CnnpTa H pa3MHO>KeHHC Apo>KxceH IIpii nepe-
pa6oTKe rHRpo.TH3aTa.
OnbITbr CTaBH;IHCb HO OHHCaHH0H BbIIHe McTORIIKe.
BAuRHue me.wnepamypbt 6po enu5i Ha eblXOO cnupma (e j ;
PB 6 cyc.e 2,87%)
Temneparypa
6poMCUiaA, rpag.
1 PB CI]
PB I CIINPT ` npHpOCT JIpOMCMCCLI
1
23
- 30
0,77
1,27
0,60
1,28
131,0
33
- 34
0,54
i
9,29
0,56
1,30
142,0
35
- 37
0,54
1,31
1,40
0,66
-30,0
B nepBblx 6po}Ke11HAX, KaK c.'Ie;jyeT 113 Ta6JIHubI, IIOBbIIIIeHHe TCMllepaTy-
pbl CHOCO6CTBOBa.'io yBe.nII4e1IHI0 KOHIJ.eHTpauHn CnnpTa B 6pa}KKC. JIy iiuHIe
Pe3yJIbTaTbi nOJTy4eHbI npH BeaeHHn 6p0}KeHHH npH 36-37?. FH6eJIbiioe BJIHR-
IIHC 3TOn TCMnepaTypbl CKa3bIBaeTC51 no3?Ke. B VI 6po}KeHHn IIa6JIloAaeTCR
MaccoBOe OTMnpaHHe Apo?K>KeBbIX KJIeTOK, -noBbIIHaeTcll IIeAo6po. It pe3KO
ct-InxcaeTCSI KOHueHTpauHR CIIHpTa B 6pa?KKe.
Han6o.nee 6JiaronpHRTIIa RJIH 6poxceHHR if pa3MHO?KeHHR 3THX Ipoxc?Keil
TreMnepaTypa 33-34?. BbIXOA CHHpTa B 3TOM cJiy4ae BbICOK H yCTOH!HB, a
npIIPOCT apoxc?KeA COCTaBJIHeT 142%.
HOHH1KeHne TeMnepaTypbI Ao 29-30? If, B oco6eHHOCTH, ,ii,o 25-27? BbI-
3blBaeT yxyAmeime noKa3aTeIei no 6p0?KeHnlo H 3aj ep?KHBaeT pa3MH0?KeHIIC
IHH3ocaxapoMnueTOB. Kpo-Me TOIO, CH l)Kenne TeMnepaTypbi 6po?KeHHR Ao 25-
27? nPHBOJjHT K UGHBJICHHIO B 3aBORCKHX 6p0AnJIbIIbiX 4aHax 3iieprH4H0 pa3-
MIio?KalonI,HXCR caxapoMllueTOB.
Schizosacch. Pombe pa3MHO?KaIOTCR McJZJIeIIHo. B aKTHBHO 6poA5ilueM
rHRPOJIH3aTC B 3aBOACKHX yCJIOBHHX HaC4IITbIBaIOTC5i 4-5% KJIeTOK B 000TOR-
I11111 JI,eJIe1IH51, B TO BPCMR KaK np14 HCHOJIb3OBaHHH Sacch. cerevisiae B Ka4e-
CTBe B036yailTeJIR npOn3BOACTBeHHOro 6p0?KeHM51 B COCTORHHH n04KOBaHnl
ITaXOAHTCR 18-25% Apo>K?KeBbIX KJIeTOK.
3a 4-5 CyTOK npH IienpepblBHOM 6p0?KCHHH HPHPOCT MaCCbI Schizosac-
charomyces COCTaBJIHCT 125-142%. Hpn 6ecnepe6onnoi pa6oTe 6poAHJIb-
HOrO OTAeJIeHHR 3TOT npHPOCT BH0JIHe KOMneHCHpyeT eCTeCTBeHHOe
OTMHpaBile 11 npOH3B0RCTBe1IHbIc noTepa , po?K?KeH. HapyIueHHR TeXHOJIOrH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
OcoOenHOCru c6pamueaHUR apeeecNUlx euaponu3aTOB apoxaicaMu
'IecKOro pexKHMa - HecBoeBpeMeHHaHI noaaga cyCJia, yJIJJHHeHHe BpeMeHH
Ilpe6blBaHI151 Jipo}K}Kefl B Bb16po>KeHHofl 6pa}KKe, TaK}Ke KaK JJJIHTeJlbHoe no-
BbILHeHHe TeMHepaTypbl 6poxceHHH HJIH BblCOKaH KHCJJOTHOCTb fPHBOJIAT K
pe3KOMy yBeJJHTIe1IHIO MepTBbIX KJIeTOK JI K HeJIOCTaTKy JJpO>K}Keu Ha HpOH3-
BOJICTBe. Oco6eHllo 60JIbllOe BJIHHHHe OKa3bIBaeT HapyLUeHHe pe}KHMa fHTa-
IIHi Jipo}K}Keii.
HapallWHBaHHe Schizosacch. Pombe B 3jpo}K}KeMaTOIIHbIX OTJjejieHHAx no
pe}KBMy, npHIIHTOMy J1J1H pa3MHO}KeHHH , po}K}KeI1 B CHHpTOBOfl HpOMb1LIIJIeH-
11OCTH, npOTexaeT Kpar He MCJIJIeHHO.
HHOe Ha6JJIoaaeTCH HpH c6pa}KHBaHHH rHJlpoJIH3aTOB Sacch. cerevisiae.
3a TO xce 4-5 CyTOK B yCJIOBHHx 6poxceliHn HapacTaeT 190-200% Jipo}K-
iKeB0li MaCCbI. IIOABJIHJOTCH H36bITOTIHble JJPOW>KH, KOTOpble CHCTeMaTH leCKH
BbIBOJJATCA H3 6pOJ[HJ[bHbIX TIaIIOB, H B03HHKaeT BOnpOC 0 pauHOHaJIbHOM HC-
II0JIb3oBalIHH 3TOro OTXOJJa 6pOJ0HJIbHOro OTJieJIeHHA.
HaKOHJICHHc JJJIH HPOH3BOJJCTBCHHbJX JIC.TCii Hy}KHOJO KOJIHTIeCTBa
Schizosacch. Pombe HBJIHeTCH OTICHb TpyJioeMKHM H JIJIHTeJIbHbIM npoueccoM
JIJIN HpOMbIuIJIellHOCTH, B TO BpeMH KaK HapaHIHBaHHe Sacch. cerevisiae He
npC.LCTaBJIAeT 3aTpyp,HeHHH. Schizosacch. Pombe BecbMa HCyCTO1iI1HB HpH xpa-
HeIIHH. FHJJpoJTH3Ha5l npOMbILHJIeHHOCTb He paCnojlaraeT B HaCTOAIuec BpCMH
Hajle}KHbIMH Cnoco6aMH XpaHeHHA 6oJIbHIHx KOJIH9eCTB 3THX JJpO}KxceN. Yc-
neLUJIo npHMeHHeMble JIJi. Sacch. cerevisiae Cnoco6bl XpaHeHHA OTMbITbIX
.npo}K}Keii HOJJ BOAOII JIJIH B JIpeCCOB3HHOM BF-IJIC. B XOJJO,IHJ1bHIJKax HpH +4'
OKa3bIBarOTCH He npHrOJJHblMH ;TAR Schizosacch. Pombe. B 3THX YCJIOBHAX
TICpe3 2-4 CYTOK OCTaIOTCH eJIHHHTIHble }KHBb1e KJIeTKH.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, HpH paCCMOTpeIIHH BOHpoca 0 pa3BHTHH 060HX POJ[OB
.kpo}KxceH Ha JapeBeCHOM CyCJIe TIaCTHIIHO y}Ke BbIHCI-IA10TC5l 'HpHUHHb1, cnoc06-
CTByFO[g14C BbITCCHeI-IHIO H3 6p0JIHJIbHbIX TIaHOB FHJJpOJIIi3HbIX 3aBOJIOB llCnbl-
TaJIHbIX HPOH3BOJICTBeHHbIX pac caxapoMHLieTOB LHH3OCBXapOMHIJCTaMH.
FJIaBHaf H3 3THX npHTIHH 3aKJIrOTIaeTC5I B TOM, TITO LLIH3oCaxapoMIJIJeTbI,
IBJIAHCb 3lieprHgHeIImHMH CnHpToo6pa3OBaTeJIAMH, cpa3y OB.IIaJIeBaIOT BCeM
c6pa}KHBaCMbIM caxapoM H CTaBHT caxapOMHLIeTbI B yCJIOBHH nOJIHoro rOJIO-
HaHnA. Ha 3TO yKa3biBaeT TBK}Ke MHKpOCKOnagecKaH KapTHHa: KaK TOJIbKO
B 6pa}KKC nOHBJIAIOTCA HIH3OcaxapoMHueTbl, 06O.JIOTIKa caxapoMHueTOB yTOJI-
HIaeTCA, npOTOnjIa3Ma npHo6peTaeT BHagaJIe KpynH03epHHCToe CTpOeHHe, 3a-
TCM KOMKOBaTOe H OKpaLHHBaeTCA B 6ypbIJi LJBeT, a KJICTKH c06HpalorcH B
XJJOnbf H BbIHaJJaJO'r B OCaJJOK.
Oco6CHx0 3Hepl-mHO nOTpe6JIeHHe caxapa H o6pa3osaHHe CHHpTa y Lun-
3ocaXapoMHHCTOB HpOTeKaeT B YCJIOBHAX HCHpepbIBHoro 6p0}KeFIHH.
CywCCTBeHHbIM npeHMyLUeCTBOM LJIH3OcaxapoMHIJeTO-B HB.THC"rCH TaK}KC
CHOCO6JI0CTb pa3BHBaTbC51 B FHJJpoJIH3aTax c IIOBbILIIeHIIOM KI-ICJIOTHOCTbIO II
TCMnepaTVpOH, B TO BpeMH KaK JJJIA caxapOMHHeTOB 3TH yCJIOBH51 ry6HTeJIbIIbI.
H, HaKOFicu, HpOJJyKTbI }KH3HeAeHTej1bHOCTH LHH3oCaxapOMH[JeTOB, pa3BH-
BaJOUJHecH Ha rHJJpOJIH3aTax, HBJIHIOTCH TOKCHTICCKHMH aim CaxapomnueTOB.
BbIJIO 3aMegICHO, TITO HHBHOe H JJPCBCCH0e CyCJIO, c6p0}KeHIIOe LHI13ocaXa-
p0M1ITeiiaMH, TCpHCT HpHATHbI11 COJIOJJOBbIII HJ1H clJpyKTOBbIl1 3anax, XapaKTep-
Ilblii JJJIA 6paxceK, HoJly9eHHbIX Ha caxapoMHUeTax. COJIOAOBOC CyCJIO HpHO6-
pCTaeT HpH 3TOM BKyc.
~JIA BbIHCHCIIHH BOHpoca 0 TOM, KaK B-TIHAIOT HpO, yKTbl }KH3IIeJJe5lTeJlbHo-
CTH L11130caxapoM[ILie-'oB A CaxapoMltueT03 ,Jpyr Ila JJpyra, OnbIT CTaBH.IC.1
C.IlCJJylownM o6pa3OM. FHJJpoJIH3aT c6pa}KHBaJlcH OTJJeJ1bHO 06oHMH poAaMll
;Jpo}K}Keli. 3aTeM 6paxcKa OCB06O}KJia.iIacb OT Jipo>K>KeBblX KJICTOK 1 eHTpHIJy-
rHpoBaHaeM HJIH q)HJIbTpanHel3, H B C)HJIbTpaT JJo6aBJIHJIOCb 2,0-2,5 /0
FJ1IOK03bI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
210 9. 9. f(py6iRnnec{, H. H. TKagceHko, 3. T. Hoaxooa
UpOH3BOj[HJICH noceB caxapoMHueTOB H 11IH3ocaxapoMHueTOB Ha 6pa}KKy,
Bb16po>KCIIHyIO caxapoMHUCTaMH, a TaK}KC Ha 6pa}KKy, 11o.71VHelllry10 OT c6pa-
>KHBaHHR LHI13ocaxapoMHueTaMH.
Pe3y:IbTaTbl O1-ib1TO11 npe.icFaB:tc}rbI B Ta6,-I. 5.
BAufHue npoayKmoe xcu3neaesrmeAbHOCmu Wusccaxapo.uut{emoe
u caxapo uuuemce Ha eblxoa cnupma (e %)
HCXOAHaFi cpeAa . . . . . . .. 2,47
Sacch. cerevisiae . . . . . . . 0,55
Schizosacch. Pombe . . . . . 1 0,55
caXapoMHI~(!TaMN I ;ll413oCaX2pOMHq( TaMH
C F117T
PB (061, (NI) PB I cnepT (06bcm)
1,21
2,25
2,27
2,45
0,75
0,53
1,27
1,44
2,27
1 JIIOKO3a, BIIeCellllaSI B 6pa>KKy, noJlytIeHHylo OT c6pa}KHBaHHH rHJI;pOJ1Il-
3aTOB caxapOMHL(CTaMH, HOJIHOCTbIO c6pa}KHBaeTC9 (OCTaTOUHoe PB=0,55-
0,53% Hpel[CTaB.ii i0T nCIITO3bI I'MUPOI113aTa) C XOpOHIHM BbIXOAOM CHHpTa
o6oHMH po jaMH lipoxc)Kel'I. TaK}Ke xoponio c6pa]KHBaeTCSI 1-11143ocaxapoMHue-
TaMH rJIloxo3a, BHeceHIlaH B 6pa}Kxy, noJly4eHHyIO OT 9THx )Re J pw}K}Kea.
,UcHTeJIbHOCTb caxapOMHueTOB B noCJIe,IHeM cjiyLIae pe3K0 yrHCTaeTCsl npO-
, yKTaMH 06Me11a 111113ocaxapoMHuCTOB: HecKOJIbKO 3aIl,ep}KHBaeTC9 yCBOelIHe
FJIIOK03bI H HOJIIIOCTbIO no4aBJIHeTCH aKTHBHOCTb 3HMa3HOro KOMnjICKCa. MHK-
POCKOHHSI yKa3blBaeT TaK}Ke Ha pe3KHe HapyLHeHHH }KH3HCI1Hb1X npouecCOB ca-
XapOMHueTOB: npOTOHJIa3Ma npFIO6peTaeT 3epHHCTOC CTpOeHHe, o6oJIOLIKa KJIe-
TOK yTOJILUaeTCH, coII,ep}KaIIHe MepTBbIX KJICTOK yBeJIHLIHBaeTCSI.
BpeAHoe gel'ICTBIle HpOAyKTOB o6MeHa 11I113ocaxapoMHUeTOB HBJIHeTCH enje
o3HHM HpenMymeCTBOM 3THX gpo),K>Kef, o6yCJIOBJIHBaIOtu1M nepeBeC HX npH
COBMCCTHOM Bblpal.UHBaHHH C caxapOMHueTaMH. Schizosacch. Pombe - ueH-
Hbl1l npOH3BOJ[CTBeHHbIFI MHKpOOpraHH3M, H03BOJl5noLuHH rH,2p0JIH3H0H npO-
MbILHJIeHFIO,CTH 311aLgHTeJIbHO HOBbICHTb BbIXOA CHHpTa M3 )IpeBCCHHbI. nOJIb30-
BaHHe HM B Ka9eCTBe HpOH3,BOJICTBCHHOrO Bo36y,RHTeJIft CHHpTOBOro 6po%eHHH
npejcTaBJISIeT pH, CyLueCTBeHHbIX 3aTpyJuIeHH11. 3TH 1TipO>K}K11 OTJ1HLIaIOTCA
60.IbLUOI,I ByBCTBHTe.J7bI1oCTbIO K n3Me'IIelIH5IM TeMnCpaTypbl H pH Cyc ia, K Ile-
pe6oHM B no,1a4IC cyc is B 6pO,HJIbHble LIaHbI, Me3JIeHHO pa3M11O}KaIOTC I
B npouecce 6po>KeiiHH H HpH CHeUHaJIbHOM HapaLuHBa11HFI HX B apo>K>KaIlKax
II, HaKOHeu, KpanHC He yCTOHLIFIBbI npH XpaHelHH BO BpeMH oCTaHOBOK 3aBO,Ia.
HCpc,i rHJJ[pOJIH3HOFl npoMbILHJIeHHOCTbIO CTOHT IIaCyLu laFi HOTpC6OHOCTb B
IIaH6oJIce nOJIHOM H3yL1eIIHH H OCBOeIIHH 3TOrO BbICOKOnpOJ1yKTHBHOro MHKpO-
opralill3Ma.
1. Schizosacch. Pombe HMeeT IUHpoxoe pacnpocTpaFlCHHC B HpoH3BOu-
CTBax H BcTpeLlaeTCSI He TOJIbKO B TpOrIHLICCKOM, cy6TponllgCCKoM FI yMCpCHIIOM
KIIHMaTaX, 110 H B 60Jiee CypOBbIX yCJIOBIISIX - B KOIITHHeliTa.TIbIIOM H pe3KO-
KOIITHIIeIITa.nbHOM K.3HMaTaX (,,a.nbHHH BOCTOK, BOCTOLIIIarl C16iipb, Ho-
BO.n}Kbe, Kape.nbcxan ACCP, CpejHH'i ypa.n).
DTOT po,q Apo eF CHoco6eH pa3BHBaTbCn He TOJIbKO Ha 3aTO1)aX 143 ml-
Luenoro Cblpb1l (KapTO(j)eJIbllb1X, 3epuOBblX, npoCA'lbIX, 113 caxaplIOl'O TpOCT-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Oco6eauocTU c6paIcu0aHUR Opeaecimix ?UdpoJlU3aTOB dpoxc3caMu 211
HHKa), Ha H IO, OBOAFO.1IbIX COKaX, (JJpyKTOBbIX TeCTax H KOHOeTHbIX Maccax,
HO H Ha IICKVCCTBeuFrblx, 6ojice 6C, HbIX nHTaTeJ!bHbIX CV6CTpaTaX, KaKHMII
ABJIAIOTCA JjpeBCCHbIC rIl,2poJIH3aTbI.
2. Schizosacch. Pombe, pa3BHBalomHec5i Ha r14jpojIII3aTe II BbITeCHAIOMHe
H'3 6pO3F.TIbIIbIX TIalIOB aKTHBHble pacbI Sacch. cerevisiae, 9HCpnIiUllbre npoAy-
ueHTbi CHHpTa.
3. Bi irecHeimc Sacch. cerevisiae H3 6po.rwJIbHbIX TIaHOB J1pO}K}KaMHI
Schizosacch. Pombe o6-b5CHAeTC9 TeM, 'ITO HocJieljHne 6brcTpo noTpe6JIBIOT
caxap, yCTONUHBbI K HoBbIH 01,111O}I KHCJIOTHOCTH cycJia, HMeiOT 60JIee BbICOKHi'I
TeMnepaTypHblli OrITHMyM, npOJi KTbI )KH3He44eATeJIbHOCTH IiX OKa3bIBaIOT
Bpe,RHOe Jjef1CTBHe Ha pa3BHTHe Sacch. cerevisiae.
4. KaK BO36yJTHTeJlb npOH3BOJjCTBeHHoro 6p0}KeHHH TOT poi Jjpoxt}Ke i
o6J!ajjaeT HeKOTOpbIMH CyHjeCTBeHHbIMH HeAOCTaTKaMH: Me,3JIeHHO pa3MHO-
}KaeTCH, gyBCTBHTeJIeH K H3MeHeHHAM TeXHOJIorHT.IeCKOrO pc}KHMa, FIeyCTOIITIHB
npH XpaHeHHH.
6 e Ji a e B C K H i N. A. McTOabl onpeAeJIeHHH HeHHBeHTHpOBaHH0FO caxapa. FHapoJIH3Haa if
JIec0xHMH4eCKacI npOMblmJIeHHOCTb, 1955, Ns 1, CTP. 30.
K H p o B A. A. H JI e IH H H C K a a C. C. Bb16op pacbI Apoxcxce6 3JI5i HpOH3BOJICTBa CnopTa
8 Tenjloe BpeMB roJ(a. CnHpTOBOJIOTIHaa npoMbIHIJI., 1937, 1, cTp. 22.
K o Map 0 B a JI. A. 0 npHMCHCHHH CM?emaHHbIX KyJIbTyp 1Ipoxcxce6. Tam xce. 1937, 9,
crp. 15.
K y A p B B U e B B. H. CHCTeMaTHKa 3poxcxceil. 1433-BO AH CCCP, 1954, crp. 339.
KyAp51BII eB B. H., A r a T 0 B Fl. A. H KJI On K 0 B CK as K. H. 06 yrJ1eBOAHOM cocTaae
UHBHOrO cyc.ia m 0 C6pa}KHBaHHH ACKCTpHHOB ipo)K}KaMH. MHKpo6H0JI0rxa, 1947,
T. XVI, Bbin. 2, cTp. 155.
K p 10 l K 0 B a A. Fl. H Cl) H HI e p II. H. C6paxcHBaHHe ApeBecHblx rHJIpoJIH3aTOB Apo)K>KaMH
H3 poaa Schizosaccharomyces. rnupoJlH3HaB npoMblmJ1. CCCP, 1951, 3, cTp. 4.
H e n o m 11 a u1 a s M. A. iH P y 6 a H O B H Ti A. P. Ilop'ia KOHC)eKT, BbI3BaHHaB Apo)KxKaMH.
Mixpo6io.noriVHHii xcypHa.l, 1938, T. V, BbIO. 2, crp. 107.
C H T H H K 0 B A. Fl. CMeCH Ap0}Kweii. CHHpTOB0A09Haa npOMblmJI., 1937, 4, Up. 13.
C T a J(H H 4 e H K O M. B. K Bonpocy 0 pacnpOCTpaHCHHH up0xc)Keil 113 poaa Schizosaccha-
roinyces. MiKpo6io.'orivHH6 )xvpxaii, 1940, T. VI, BbIn. 4, crp. 101.
Y T e H K O B a- P a H 11 a H B. A. 0 BbIXO3C CHHPTa npH apo}K}KeBOM 6poxceHHH. MHKp06HO-
JIOrHSi, 1954, T. XXIII, BbIn. 1, cTp. 64.
id a JiI ~e H K 0 A. K. IIpH0HHbI nOHIIxceHHB KIHCJIOTHOCTH npH 6poxceHHH BJI0A0BbIX BFIH. Tp.
LLeHTp. 6HOxHMH iecKo11 JIa6opaTOpIiH. rlHHjenpOMH3AaT, 1941, BUR. I, cTp. 92.
L L e p 6 a K o B M. d>. H H O n O B a E. M. ,LLe.ixu(Hecsi 1po>KxK1 Schizosaccharomyces Mos-
quen n HX npnaexenne B TexHoKe. MHKpo6HO.norHa, 1934, T. III, Bbm. 3, crp. 392.
S c h u k o w J. Gahr- and Konkurenzversuche mit verschiedenen Hefe. Koch's Jahresbc
richt, 1896, p. 104.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
C. 11. Bpun6epe, E. H. CypuKoea, B. A. Ceeepuu,
0. 3. rpa6oecKam u T. H. rpukloK
CPABHHTEJIbHOE (DH3HOJI01'H4ECKOE HCCJ1E)JOBAHHE
WTAMMOB ACTINOMYCES STREPTOMYCINI
B CBA3H C BHOCHHTE30M CTPEIITOMHUHHA
(BCCCOIO3HbIII Hayyiio-HCCJIeJ[OBaTC,IbCKHiI I11ICTHTYT aIITH6HOTHKOB)
yBeJIH4eI-IHe IIpOMbIHIJIeHHOrO BbIHyCKa aHTH6HOTHKOB B 3Ha'IHTCJIbHOI4 CTe-
HeHH ABJIfleTCH pe3yJlbTaTOM npHMCHCHIIH HOBbIX, 60Jiec aKTHBHbIX IHTaMMOB.
ECTcCTBCHIIO, 'ITO H3MeiieHHH CBOHCTB npoAyueHTOB, HpoHCXOanwwIIe B npouec-
CC CCJICKuHH, oco6eHHO HpH HCnOJIb3OBaHHH CnJlbHojJ.euCTByIOHiHX (~)aKTOpOB,
K3Ca10TCSI He TOJIbKO HpH3HaKa aHTH6HOTHKoo6pa3OBaHH5I, HO H puJia Apyrlx
(j)H3110J10FI1 CKHX, 6HOXHMHgCCKIIX, MOp(JOJIOrH4eCKHX H KyJIbTypaJlbHbIX
npH311aKOB. 1103TOMy aJI51 HOJIHorO BbI5lBJIeHHH nOTeHUHaJIbI1bIX BO3MO}KIIOCTeU
HOBbIX BbICOKOHpOAyKTHBHbIX WTaMMOB, B OTHOIJICHHH 06pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HO-
THKa, B pace CJlyuaeB B03HHKaeT Heo6XOJIHMOCTb B H3MCHeHHH yCJIOBHH HX
KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH. aJI5I BbISICHeHHH CHeUH(#)H1-IeCKHX Tpc6oBaIInu HOBbIX HITaM-
MOB K yCJIOBH5IM HX KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSF BecbMa nepcneKTHBHbIM HBJIHeTCSI Me-
TOJI cpaBHHTeJIbIIOrO 4)H3HOJIOrH4eCKOFO HCCJIeJIOBaHHHI, KOTOpbIH WHpOKO HpH-
meimICH FIa npOTSi}KCHHH HOCJIeAHHX ACT B oTJLeJle (~H3HOJIOrHH BHHHA
(MeJlbH,HxoBa H CypnxoBa, 1957; IICBHTOB, repMaHOBa n np?, 1958).
B HaCTOHUiCH CTaTbe CyMMHpOBaHbI pe3yJlbTaTbl, nOJ1y4eHHble HpH (JH3HO-
.-iorn4ecKoM l13ygeHHH JIB/X IlTaMMOB BHA a Act. streptomycini, KOTOpble HC-
HOJlb3oBaJIHCb npH npOMbIWJIeIIHOM noJly4eHHH CTpenTOMHuHHa Ha npoTH Ke-
HHH nOCJIejIIIIIX JICT, H 'npnBeJJeHa CBO, Ka 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX JJaIIHbIX, 60.aee
fIOJLpo6IIO 113JION{CHIIbIX B OT,ge.lbIIb1X Coo(nieIIHHX.
METOp,HKA
BbIJIH HcIIOJIb3osanbl aBa IHTaMMa Act. streptomycini Kras.- B-178 H
,TIC-1 B BH)ie KyJlbTyp Ha rOpOXOBOM arape. B npouecce aamFioro HCCJIeIIoBa-
HF H, npOAOJI}KaBIUCrOCA B Te4emie HecKOJIbKHX OCT, WTaMM B-178 noHH311J1
HCXOAHylO aKTHBHOCTb, B CBH3H C 4eM B HeKOTOpbIX 3KCnCpHMeHTax, HpOBO-
AHBWHXCH B nOCJIe11HHH nepHoi pa60TbI, Ha6JIIoaaJICH 60JIee HH3KIIH ypOBCHb
HaKonJIenuF CTpenTOMHUHHa (puc. 3 H Ta6J1. 4).
OnbiTbl npOBOJiIJIHCb B KoJ16ax 3pJIeHMeIepa Ha 750 MJI Co 100 MJI cpeabl.
KyJlbTypbI BbIpa1u uBaJIHCb Ha KagajIKe c 4HCJIOM 06opOTOB B 220 B MHH., 11pH
TeMnepaType 27-28?. 1-loceBF1011 MaTepHaJI BblpaWHBaJICH Ha COCBOFI cpeAe
(CM. Ta6JI. 1) B ABe CTaauFI: HepBax reHepaumi 3aceBaJlaCb cnopaMll H Bb1pa-
(unBaJlaCb B npo>JOJI}KCHHC 72 4ac., BTOpaSi - 3aCeBa.laCb BerCTaTHBHbIM MH-
ueJIHeM nepBOlI reHepauHH B KOJIH'IecTBe 2-4% H BblpaIwlBaJIaCb 48 'lac.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CnaI3HUTe11bHOe 4jlu3uoAoukecKoe uccne(3o8aHue WTani>Moe Actinomuces streptoJnycini 213
(epMeHTauHOHHble Cpe,gbl 3aCeBaJIHCb 2-4% noceBHOrO MHH,eJIHSI BTOpoc
reHepaij1H.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT UeJIH 3KCnepHMeHTa B pa6oTe IICHOJIb3oBa.,'IHCb Cpe,jbl,
COMB KOTOPbIX HpHBOJI,HTCST B Ta6J1. 1.
FI1fOK03a . . . . . . . . . . . .
FHArOJI . . . . . . . . . . . .
KpaxMaJl . . . . . . . . . . . .
CoeBall Myxa . . . . . . . . . .
KyKypy3Hbl1'i 9KCTpaKT . . . . .
fOACOJIHe9HbI}i )KMbIX . . . . . .
CyJIb()aT aMMOHHH . . . . . . . .
I'oc(PaT KaJIHB OAHO3aMeu(eHHbIFi
XJlop 11CTb1H HaTpHFi . . . . . . .
Kap6OHar Kanbumi . . . . . . .
MOJIO9Han KHCJIOra . . . . . . .
HHTpaT Hai pmi . . . . . . . . .
Cynb(paT 2(ene3a . . . . . . . .
? MarHHH . . . . . . . .
? uHHKa . . . . . . . . .
mapraHua . . . . . . .
3OJIa cOeBOl3 MyKH . . . . . . .
jjja npHrOTOBneHHB yKa3aHHbIX Cpe. HcnOJlb3oBaJlacb BOAOnpOBOAHaa BOAa.
?~ IICnOnb3(;BaHHaa B pa6oTe COeBaa cpeJ{a BBJIBeTCB MOAH(pHLHpOBaHHOC1 cpeAofl KypxnoBHga
(Kurylowicz H AP., 1954).
?"' HepaCTBI.pHMb(e 4aCTH COerolt MyKH nocJie CTepHJIH3aueH OT(lHJlbTpoBbIBanHCb.
B pa60Te HCrOJIb3OBaJIHCb CJieAyiotgHe McTOilbI. CTpenTOMHUHH on'pe,i(e-
JISIJICSi McTOJ oM )UHCpCpy3HH B arap; caxapa - Me_TO,WWM 1.1.IopJii; pH - 3JIeKT-
pOMeTpHgeCKH; aMMOHHIIHbIN a30T - McTOJIOM KOHBeq HJIII OTrOHKO1 B KHC-
JIOTy C HOCJICJjyiOHJIIM THTPOBaHHeM H36bITKa KHCJIOTbI; CyXOI Bee MIiUe-
JIHSI - BbICyIIIHBaHIieM npH 100--105? OT(lJHJIbTpoBaHHOrO, o6pa6OTaHHoro
5%-HON COJIHHON ICHCJIOTON 11 HPOMbITOFO MnU*eJIHH.
Ha cpeiie c coeBON MyKO1 3a CcIeT ee HepaCTBOpHBHIHXCSi qaCTHU Pe3yJIbTaT
OnpeJjeJIeHHSI 3aBbiIJIaeTCH, B CBSI3H C YeM ,) JIH HeKOTOPbIX OHbITOB HCHOJIb-
30BaJIaCb CJHJIbTPOBBHHaB CoeBaSi epejja. q)OC1JOp onpeJ eJISIJIcH MeroJjOM KyT-
THepa; }KHp - McTOJjOM FOTJIH6a - P03e; HHTeFICIIBIIOCTb ,1 bIXaHHH KyJIbTy-.
PbI - HOJISIporpaCJHLICCKHM MCTOJOM (bpnH6epr H rpIIHIOK, 1957). MHKpo
CKOHH4IeCKOMY HCCJIeJ10BaHHIO fO,lBepraJTHCb npenapaTbl, CpHKCHpOBaHHbIe,
)KIiJ1KOCTbIO KapHya H OKpalUCHHble McTHJICHO'BON CHHbIO; MaHH0311Jj0CTpenTO
MHUHH onpe,ieJIHJIcHi allTP011OBbIM McTOJjOM (CaBHUKaH H ;jp., 1955).
AKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI onpejje.nHJiacb ra30MeTpIIgOCKHM McTOJi0M, no
o6-beMy BbIJjeJIHBIIlerOCH KnCJIOpoJja. aJISI aHaJIH3a HCHOJIb3OBaJIHCb 5 M:I.
KyAbTypaJIbHON >KHJjKOCTH, OT,E eJIeHIION OT MHUeJJHSI, B rIPHCyTCTBHH C oc(paT-
Hero 6y(pcpa npH p1-1 = 7,0. OTCileTbI IIPOH3BO,L WJIHCb qepe3 3 MHH. AKTHBHOCTI>
CoeBEH??
KyKypy3-
HaB
(Ae?B H
np., 1950)
)KMhIXO-
Ba,,
(BecenoB
B AP.,
1956)
CHHTCTH-
4ecKa,,
N9I (Ce-
B(pHH H
AP., 1957)
CHHTFTH-
vecKa,
N9 2
coeBaa
4) H nbTpO-
BaHHaB
2,0
1,0
1,5
2,0
0,5
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,05
0,05
0,025
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,20
0,25
0,25
0,3
0,5
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,60
0,35
0,005
0,01
0,001
0,005
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
214 C. JI. BpuH6epe, E. 11. CypuKoea H Ap.
KaTaJIa3bI BblpaMKaJiacb B MHJIJIH.JIHTpaX 02 Ha 100 MJI KyJlbTypaJIbHOH >iii l-
KOCTH H iia 100 sir CvXOrO Beca MHIIeJIHA. KOHTpOJIeM cJIy)KHJIa Ky.nbTypaJnb-
HaH MKHAKOCTb, KHH1PICHHaH B TetleHHe 10 M'HH.
OnpeAeJleIIHe HpOTCO.nHTHtieCKOIt aKTHBHOCTH IIpOH3BOAIIJIOCb HyTCM B03-
JCIICTBHSi KyJlbTypa;IbHOI3 MKHJjKOCTH Ha pacinop Ka3eHHa. KyJIbTypaJlbHa l
MK11,JKOCTb, OTJJeJTeHilaR OT MHIjeJIHH, B KOJIHYeCTBe 2 MJI Ao6aBJIAJIaCb K
2 ma 4%-HOrO paCTBOpa Ka3eHIIa B HpHCYTCTBHH 3 MJI (pOC(jJaTIIOrO 6y(pepa
Hplt pH=7,9. IIoCJie BbIAepMKHBaHHSI cMecH B Te4eflae 3 q ac. HpH 37? 6e.nKH
oca>K,jaJIHCb 5%-IIO13 TpHITXJIOpyKCyCHOI3 KHCJIOTOH IH B npo6ax onpe,ueJISIJTCSH
aMHIIHbIII a30T McTOJ~OM '~ Ilona H CTHBeHCa. IIpoTeoJIHTHneCKax aKTHBHOCTb
Bbtpa}KaJIacb B MH.JIJTHrpaMMax aMHHHoro a3o1'a Ha 100 M.n KyJlbTypaJIbHOII
MKHJIKOCTH li ila 100 Mr CVXOrO Beca MHIjeJIHH.
CpaBHHTCJIbHOe (TJI13HOJIOCHhieCKoe H3vtieHHC IHTaMMOB Act. streptomycini
B-178 H )'IC-1 6bIJIO HanaTO C conOCTaBJIeHHB HX HpOAyKTHBHOCTH Ha t1eTbl-
peX cpeiaX - TpCX KOMf.IeKCHbIX H OjHOH CHHTeTHgeCKOH. KyKypy3HaH, MKMbI-
XOBan H CHHTeTHUeCKa5I cpemi 6b1711 Cnel(HaJIbIIO Ho,jo'6'paHbI 1031 LHTaMMa
B-178.
HaKonneHue empenmoMuquHa Ha pa3Hb1X cpedax
MaKCKMaJIbHa9 aKTHBHOCTb,
III'/'MJI
WT. AC-1
I WT. B-178
KyKypy3Hai . .
900
780
CoesaH . . . . . .
2300
550
)KMbIxOBaA . . . . .
1100
700
CHHTeTw1ecKax Ng I
940
300
,,aHIIble, IIpe. cTaBJIeHHble B Ta6JI. 2, CBH,IjeTCJIbCTByfOT O TOM, 'ITO LIITaMM
JIC-1 o6pa3yCT 60JIbLHC CTpenTOMH U111a, tleM LHTaMM B-178 Ha BCeX HCHbI-
TaHHbIX CpejtaX. OJIHaKO ero HpOAyKTl1BHOCTb gOCTIlraeT HaH6OJIee BbICOKOrO
v poBHH JIHLHb Ha COCBOIM cpeAe.
CoeBan cpcja, o6ecHegnIBaioa aH Haa6o.nee nOJinoe HpoRB.neHHe cnoco6-
HOCT11 LHTHMMa AC-1 K cnHTC3y aHTH6H0TIIKa, OTJIPIgaeTCH OT OCTaJIbIIbIX cpe;j
KaK HO IICTOIIHHKy opraIIHLIeCKOro a30Ta H erO KOJIHtleCTBy, TaK H no HC'r0t1HIIKy
yrJlepo,aa. U09TOMy B CJIe,JyIOHUHX 3KCnepH.MeHTaX H3ytiaJTHCb nOTpe6HOCTH
o6oax LHTaMMOB B HCT0TIHHKaX a30Ta H yrJlepoLa.
IIpH I13ygeHHH HCTO'-IHHKOB a30Ta AJIH 06oHX IHTaMMOB 6bIJIO noKa3aHO,
'ITO ypOBelib lIaKOHJIeHHSI CTpeHTOMHUHHa B cpeAe 3HatIHTeJIbHO nOBbIIIIaeTCH
npu HaJIHtiaa JI'BYX HCTO'-IHHKO'B a30THCTOF0 nFTaHHH: MHHepaJIbHOrO a30Ta
B (f)oPMe CO.nH IMMOHH51 H opraHHtiecxoro (BpaH6epr Hap., 1955). OTHoLHe-
HHe HITaMMOB K (])opMe opraHaileCKOro a30Ta OKa3aJIOCb pe3KO pa3JIHIIHbIM.
CyHjeCTBOBaHHe 3TOPO pa3JIH'tIH3q MOMKHO 6bIJIO HpeAnOJIOMKHTb Ha OCHOBaHH11
nepn ix OHbITOB, KOrja LHTaMM B-178 06pa3oBbIBa.7I 60JIbLue BCero cTpenTO-
MHLIHHa Ha CpeAe C KyKypy3I1bIM BKCTpaKTOM, B KOTOpOM a30T HaXOJIHTCSI
npeaMyuIeCTBeHHO B (popMe HpOJ1 KTOB rHApOJI143a 6eJIKa (CMeCb aMHHOKHC-
.IOT), B TO BpCMSI KaK LHTaMM .TIC-1 o6JfaAaJi HaHBbICLHeI-I HpOAyKTHBHOCTbIO
,ia cpejZe_ c coelf, rAe oprallaneCKHII a90T B OCHOBHOM HaXOAHTCH B ())OpMe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CpooHUrenbHoe pu3uom,2wi-,ctcoe ucc,tedoacrHue urra,tl,vloe Actinomyces streptomycini 215
COCBOro 6eJIKa - rJIIIL(HHHHa. `1TO6bI HCKJIIOgHTb B03M0?KHOe BJIHHHHe OCTaJIb-
HbIX BCHjCCTB, BXO,1HI11HX B COCTaB COeB'OI'I MyKH H KyKypy3HOro 3KCTpaKTa,
gaJ1bHe1HIHe 3KCHepHMeHTbI HPOBOAHJIHCb C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM Bbl,geJIeHHorO H3
COB 6eJIKa - rJIHijHHHHa - H ero KHCJIOTHOFO H CpepMeHTaTHBHOPO FII,jPOJIH-
3aTa. B 9THX BKCHepHMeHTax vKa3aHHoe pa3JI14YHe HOJ[TBepTIHJIOCb (Tpa6oB-
CKaH, 1957).
Ta6nHua 3
BAuRHue QJOpMbt opeaHu' ecrcoeo a3oma Ha o6pa3oeanue cmpenmw1u14una
(octOenou 0on - cunmemu'iecKan cpe(9a N 2)
IiCT0gHHK opraHHgCCKOrO
a30Ta
rJIHUHHHH . . . . . . .
(DepMeHTaTHBHbIFI rHApO-
JIH3aT rJIHBHHHHa . . .
KHCJIOTHbIft rtiAPOJIH3aT
rJIHUHHHHa . . . . . .
KOHTpoJIb, 6e3 opraHH-
uecKoro a30Ta . . . . .
CoeBaH Myxa . . . . .
Ma KCHM a JIb H as
aKTHBHOCTb,
? rIM J1
WT. B-
173
280
200
515
1480
?r/Mr
LUT.B-
178
HIT. B-178 I WT. AC-I
O6a LUTBMMa Xoponio paCTyT KaK Ha 6e:IKe, TaK 11 Ha CPO rH,gpOJI113aTe
E.0 BCCX HCIIbIT'aHHbIX KO,HueHTpaJ HSIX (30, 60, 120 Mr?%p B HepecIIeTe Ha a30'T).
OJjHaKo XapaKTep 6HoxHMHtIecKHX H3MeHCHHII B cpeje H CHIITe3 aHTB61IOTHKa
onpeJ e.ialoTCR (~OpMO1i OpraHH'Iecxoro a30Ta. TaK, a.Ti5i LIITaMMa B-178 6e-
.IOK HBJISiCTCSI He6JIarOHpIHHTHbIM HCTOLIHHKOM a30Ta, OcO6eHH0 HpH BbICOKOi'f
ero KOHueHTpauHH B cpe,je. B 9THX CJIyTIafx HpoHCXOj14T BbI,ge:IeHHe B CpeJjy
aMMHaKa, BbI3blBaiowerO HOBbIHIeHHe pH. BO Beex IICHbITaHHbIX KOHUeHTpa-
H119X rH,gpOJIH33T 3HaIIlTC.TIbHO YBeJIHI-IHBaeT aKTHBHOCTb KyJIbTypaJIbHo1 ?KHJ[-
KOCTH H HPOJI KTHBHOCTb MHHeJIHSI. HpH HCHOJIb3OBBHHH LLFFaMma TIC-1 Bee
IICnbITaHnble KOHUellTpaUHH 6eJIKa yBeJIHgHBaJIH HaKOHJIeHHe aHTH611OTHKa
11 HPOJI.yKTHBHOCTb MHue.TIHSI. FII,gpOJIH3aT ?Ke 06bILIHO B BbICOKHX KOHUeHTpa-
Ij1I5FX BbI3bIBaJI HO1g1ICeJIatIHBaHHe Cpe,jbI H CO3JjaBa.TI He6JIaronpHSITHbie JjJiSi
CIIIITC3a CTpCHTOMHI[HIIa )' CJIOBHSI.
B Ta6.TI. 3 HpHBOJ HTCSl pe3yJIbTaTbI HeKOTopb1X OHbITOB H3 3TO}i CepHH,
B KOTOpbIX OpraHo HeCKHH a30T BB0;1MJ1Cft B KOJIH'-IeCTBe 60 Mr%. Heo6xo, HMo
OTMCTHTb, t1TO HPOUYKTHBHOCTb MHUCJIHSI Y LHTaMMa AC-1 Ha Cpe,l ax c 6eJi-
KOM H rHUp0.1113aTOM 3Ha~mTe.1bHO MCIIbfIC pa3JiHLiaeTC9 TIeM aKTHBHOCTb
KyJlbTypaJIbHOIII BKHJJKOCTH, H, HO-BHAHMOMy, CTHMyJIHpyK)Hjee jel-iCTBHe 6eJIKa
Ha CHHTC3 CTPCHTOMHHHHa 5BJIHeTC5I He cneUii m ieCKHM, a CBH3aHHbIM C yBe-
J1HgeHHeM Beca 6HOMaCcbi.
B03MO?KHO, LITO OTJIHHHe B OTHOIIICHHH IHTaMMOB B-178 H JIC-1 K (IJopMC
opraHH9eCKOro a30Ta CB93aHO C OHHCaHHbIM HH?Ke pa3JIHgHeM B TeMHe pOCTa
H pa3B'IITHSI 3THX HITaMMOB: Y HITaMMa B-178, o611agaioniero 6bICTpbIM Tem-
HOM POCTa H pa3BIITHSI, 6HOCHHTe3 CTHMyJIHpyeTCSI JIeFKO yCBOSieMbIM rH4po-
.1H30BaHHbIM 6C.,1KOM, a Jl)IH IiITBMMa TIC-1, c 60JIee MCJjJICHHbIM TCMHOM
pOCTa, 6JIarOHpusTeH Tpy,2HO Mo6HJIH3yeMbII3 HCTOtIHHK a30Ta - 6eiIOK. flpIi
MIIKpoCKOHHLICCKOM H3y1-IeHHH 6bIJI0 VCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO pa3BHTHe KyJIb-
Typ HITaMMa JIC-1 IIa cpe,Tjax c PHjLpO.1113aTOM H HITaMMa B-178 IIa cpejjax
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
c 6CJIKOM xapaKTepH3yerCSi cJ a6ofi Lw JcpepeIIulauHeI HJIa3Mibl, oTCyTCTBHeM
HAepHbIX CTpyKTyp Li 3HatiHTeJIbHbIM Co ep}KaHHeM BOJIIOTHHa.
IZPH 113ytieHHH HCTOLIHHKOB yrJlepoj a CYLUCCTBeHHO 6bIJiO BbISiCHHTb,
HMeeTCSI JIH Y LHTaMMOB cneuii jltieCKaH HOTpe6HOCTb B TOM HJIH HHOM HCTOtI-
HHKe yFJICPOAHCTOFO HHTaHHSI. B OnbITaX Hap51Ay C TCXHHLICCKHMH npOAyK-
TaMH - rHJjpOJIOM, HPCJjCTaBJISIIOLWIM co6oil MaTO'LHbIIi paCTBOp nPH KPHCTaJI-
JI113a11HII FJIIOKO3bI, McJIaccoii, naTOKoil, Kpax auto m MaHCOBbIM caxapo -
HCHOJIb3OBaJIHCb TaK}Ke H HeKO-
T a 6 n iiu a 4 TOpbIC 1 HCTble caxapa. LITO6b1
B,iUXXHUe ucmoeHuKa yenepoc)a Ha o6pa3oealiue HCKJIIOtIH'rb BJIHAHHC caxapoB,
cmpenrno.ruuuHa Co,je,p}KaIU14XC51 B coeBOII Myxe,
OHbITbI C t-IICTb1Mr1 caxapamn
IICTOUHHK KOnHVI CTrO (Tp~ HTOMnuMHa, ,tr/Mn HPO,B,OjHJ1FICb Ha CHHTCTHtle-
yrn` POAa wT, J1C-1 WT. B-178 CKOli C PC;je, a HCnbiTaiiHe Tex-
CoeBaa cpeAa Boil cpeJje, HpHMeHITeMOIl B
MaurnRhi0 caxan I n'pOMbIHInCHHOCTH. I'ICnbITblBa-
(Texiiu9eCKaa
~inL.n Wlc,u,yfvuync %-aAara.
rJlK)K03a) . . .
2200
290
J103a KaK HPCThCTBBHTeJIb neH-
rnepon . . . . .
2000
480
T03, reKCO3bI - FJIIOKO3a H ra-
KpaxMa.n . . . .
660
345
uaKT03a, AHCaXapHJjbl - MaJIb-
Me.nacca . . .
400
-
T03a, IIaKT03a m Caxapo3a.
Ilmiia . . .
1250
-
Pe3yJIbTaTbl OHbITOB, npeA-
FHApon + KpaxMan
1250
445
CTaBJIeIIIIbIX B Ta6JI. 4, nOKa-
I-J11oK03a + Kpax-
3bIBaIOT, 'ITO 'y LUTaMMOB o6Ha-
Ma.n . . .
1000
270
PYxHBaeTc i CneUH(jHtiecxa5i
CHIiTeTx,Iecxas cpeAa
IOTpC6HOCTb B HCTOtIHHKaX yr
rJlrOK03a . .
970
300
,iepOJ Horo HHTaHHB. 113 Hcnb1-
ra.naKT03a . .
495
315
TbIBaBLUHXCH yrJIeBoTOB JIHLHb
KcNno3a . . .
3a
290
146
150
5
rJIIOKO3a H rHJjpoJi noAAep}ICH--
BaIOT o6pa3o,BalIIe cTpenroMu-
CaxaP
o3a . . . .
xa
305
5
I[HHa Ha BbICOKOM ypOBHe npH
MaJIbT03a
810
290
c epMe,HTajH . IHTaMMa AC-1
Ha COeBOH Cpez e. 3Hat;HTeJlbuo
6oJIee HH3KH13 BbIXOJj CTperTo
MHuHHa Ha6JIIOjaeTCB npH npFMeHeHIIH IIaTOKH, Kpax auia 11, B OCO6CHIiOCTII,
MeuiaCCbl. B UOCJICAHCM cuiytiae fOHH}KeHHblfi 6HOCHHTC3 CTpe.HTOMHHHHa o6yc-
JIOBJIeH, HO-BHAHMOMy, IIeJjOCTaTOtIHbIM pa3BHTHeM 6HOMaCCbi ~H paHHHM nO t-
IljeJiatiHBaHHeM KyubTypaJIbi-IOIf }KHAKOCTH.
ECJIH JJ1H LHTaMMa .TIC-1 ruIIOKO3a H FHAPOJI 51BJIAIOTC51 HOtiTH paBHOIjeH-
IIbIMH HCTOtIHHKaMH yrulepoi.a, TO JaJIA LHTaMMa B-178 nPHCYTCTBHe B cpeAe
rHJjpoula B 6oJlbluef CTeneHH CTHMyJIHpyeT o6pa3OBa1-IHe CTpenTOMHh]HHa, tie.m
r.lnloxo3a. KoM6HHaUH51 rHJjpOJia C KpaXMaJiom H O,LHH Kpax aJi o6eCnetlH-
BaiOT Tax}Ke 60JIbIHHN BbIXOJj aHTH6HOrHxa no cpaBHeHHIO C FJIIOK03011 Y
IHTaMMa B-178.
LITO KacaeTCF A1iCaxapIIJTOB, TO AJ151 o6pa3OBaHH51 CTpeHTOMHUxna npH
(pepMCHTauHH Ha CHHTeTH4CCKOi'I cpej e MaJIbTO3a oKa3aJlacb HaH6OJiee noJl-
XOAHLLjHM yFJIeBOJjOM no CPaBHeHOHIO C caxap030ii n JIaKTO30H. CpaBHCHHO
caxapoB (reKC03bI - raJIaKT03bI H HeHTO3bI - KCIIJIO3bI) HoKa3bIBaeT, i-ITO
KCHJI03a 5IBJIHeTCSI XyAIIIHM HCTOtIHHKOM yruepo,ja Jj75i cpepMeHTaUHH CTpellTO-
MIIUHIia y o6oHx LHTaMMOB (bpllH6epr H Ap., 1955).
Pa3Hble LHTaMMbI MOFYT OTJIHt1aTbCH TaK}Ke pa3J1I1tIHbIM OTHOIHeHIIeM K
(poc(popy. B 3aBHCHMOCT'!H OT npHCyTCTBIIST COOTBCTCTBYIOII1HX (pepMeHTHbIX
CHCTCM IICKOTOpble MHKpOOpraHIH3MbI CHOCO6HbI yCBalBaTb OpraHHcleCKHH CBH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CpaeHVTeAbHOe yb+uauonoeu'iecKoe uccnedOCaHue WTa.OIMOB Actinonlyces strentonzycini 217
3aHHbIii (poc op, ,rLpyrne Hy}KZjaIOTCSI B HaJIH4HH B cpeue paCTBOpeHHOrO MH-
HepaJlbHoro clocckopa. B HaLHMX 3KCnepHMeHTax (pociJop ao6aBJI51JICH K
(~HJIbTpoBaHHoIi coeBON cpej(e B BHjje c oc(])aTa KajinA, cl,oc(para KaJIbuHSI HJIH
(JHTHHa (OCHOBHaH (popMa (poc(opa B COeBOFI MyKe). KaK BHJ(HO H3 pHC. 1,
3aMeHa OpTO(pOCgJaTa (JHTHHOM pe3KO orpaHHBFBaeT JOCT KyJIbTypbI, HOTpe6-
.IIeHHe HHTaTeJIbHbIX BeIL(ecTB CpeJ(b1 H CHHTe3 BHTH6HOTHKa y O60HX HITaMMOB.
TaKHe xce pe3yJlbTaTbi 6bIJIH noJIy4eHbl npH BBe(eHHH HepaCTBOpHMoro (poc-
(PaTa KaJIbIW H. fIoTpe6JIeHIIe ()oc(Jopa Ha4HHaJIOCb B nepBbie }Ke 4acbl pocTa
SpeAI.R , vacbl
L I 1 I I ,\. I I - -?
24 48 72 96 120 24 46 72 96 120 24 48 72 96 120'
PHC. 1. BJIHHHHe (popMbl occpopa Ha npouecc cpepMeHTauuH. Cpeaa coeBan
Han. CoeuHHenno C4oc4 opa ao6aBJI2JIHCb B KOJIH4eCTBe, 3KBHBaJIeHTHOM 6 MI'
A - HIT. JIC-I: B- HIT. B-178: 1 - KH2PO4: 2- ()HTHH.
(pHJIbTpOBaH-
% cpoc(popa:
Ky)IbTypbI H Ha cOeBOii cpeae npaKTH4ecKH 3aKaHgHBaJIOCb K 24 liac. (jJepMeH-
TauHH. B KOHL(e npouecca Ha6JI10JjaJloCb Bblj(eJIeHHe He6oJIbwIHX KOJIH4eCTB
(poc~opa B cpeAy.
KoHI(eHTpaLWH MHHepaJlbxoro (Joc j opa B cpege CyuL ecTBeHHO BJIHAeT Ha
pOCT H pa3BHTHe KyJlbTypbI H Ha CHHTe3 CTpenTOMnulHa, npH4eM npeaeJi
H3MeHeHH9 KOHL(eHTpauFr, OHTHMaJIbHbIX JjAA pOCTa KyJlbTypbl, 3Ha4HTeJIbHO
LHHpe, 4eM j(Jii 6nOCHHTe3a aHTH6HOTHKa (Garner a. Koffier, 1953; Cypnxona,
1954). fIpH He,BocTaTKe ()OCCpopa Bee MHL(eJIHH CHHJKaeTCA, OII COAep}KHT
McHbLHe_ (1JOC(popa, rH(JbI OTJIH4aIOTCH HH3KOH 6a3O(pnJIHef H MaJ ofi cnoco6-
HOCTbIO K CHHTe3y CTpeHTOMHL(HHa. MHL(eJIaf, BbIpaL1(eHHbIfI npn H36bITKe'
(JOC Jopa, He OTJIH4aHCb no CBOHM 6HOXHMH4eCKHM H BHTOXHMH4eCKHM no-
Ka3aTCJIAM OT HopMaJIbHOro, TaK}Ke ABJIAeTCH McHee HpOJIyKTHBHbIM.
OHTHMaJIbHaH KOHL(eHTpaUHSi (joc()opa j(JIA CHHTe3a CTpe1TOMHL(HHa B
H3BeCTHON MCC 3aBHCHT OT COCTaBa (pepMeHTauHOHHOfi Cpe, bI H Ha coeBOi%I
cpej(e cOCTaBJIAeT OKOJIO 10 Mr % jjJiA o6oHx IITaMMOB ( BpIHH6epr if Fpa6oB-
cxaA, 1958).
KaK V}K OTMegaJIOCb palIee, II3y4aeMbie LHTaMMbI o6pa3OBbIBaJIH pa3HbLe
KOJIH4ecTBa CTpeIITOMHIHHa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTaBa npHMeHAeMoc cpelbl.
1 \2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B CBH3H C BTHM HFITepeCHO COHOCTaBHTb jHHaMIIKy HaKOUJIeHHB CTpeHTO-
MHILHHa, H3MeIIGHHH Boca MHILeJIHII, nOTpe6JIeHHH a3OTa m yrJ[eBOJOB npH
(1)ePMeHTauHH Ha COCBOH H KyKypy3HOM Cpe,aX (CypnKoBa, 1955).
KaK BHAHO 143 aaIIIIbIX, npeuCTaBJIeIiHbIX Ha pnc. 2, LHTaMM JIC-1 npH
(4epMeHTaILHH Ha COe'BOH {P}HJIbTpOBaHHOH CpeAe OTJIHgaeTCSl OT LHTaMMa
B-178 tie TOJIbKO crioco6HOCTbIO K 6oiiee HHTeHCHBHOMy 6HOCHHTe3y CTpenTO-
MHUHHa, HO TaK)Ke CKOpOCTbIO HaKOHJIeHHH 6HOMaccbI H HOTpe6JIeHH5I nHTa-
TCJIbHbIX BeLUeCTB. ECJ1H AJIH IIITaMMa JIC-1 - aKTHBHOI'O npo4yUeHTa CTpen-
TOMHI),HHa - XapaKTepeH 3aMeAJIeHHbIH TCMH pOCTa (MaKCHMaJIbHbIH Bec
200
150
100
24 48 72 96720
8/Jen4A, /OCb/
4
X1000
600
200
PHC. 2. O6pa3OBaHHe CTpeIITOMHI(HHa H H3MeHeHHSI B CpeAe
HpH cpepMeHTaUHH Ha COCBOH cpe/1c:
I - WT. JIC-I; 2 - WT. B-178.
MHILeJIHH K 72 LIac. (1)epMeHTaLLHH), TO IIITaMMy B-178 CBOHCTBeHHbI yclIJIeH-
Ilbili TeMH pOCTa, BblpaN{aIOILLHHCSI B MaKCHMaJIbIIOM HaKOHJIeHHH 6noMaccbI
K 48 uaC. KyJIbTHBHpOBaH'IR, H 3Heprmq iioe HOTpe6JIeIIne nHTaTCJibHbIX Be-
IILeCTB. YCHJIeHHbIH TeMH pOCTa MITaMMa B-178 ConpoBo>KAaeTCSI 6bICTpbIM
nepeXOJOM K CTaJHH aBTOJIH3a. BHOCHHTe3 cTpen'roMHILHHa Ha coe'BOH cpe .e
7IPHMCPIIO B TpH pa3a Bbllile y IllTaMMa JIC 1 meM y lITaMMa B-178. TaKHM
o6pa3oM, H3y4aeMble IHTaMMbI HpH (pepMeHTaILHH Ha coeBOH CpeAe OTJIHgIaIOT-
CSI >KII3HeHHbIM LLHKJIOM pa3BHTHSI: AJIA OAHOTO (AC-1) 3TOT UFIKJI 6oJiee npo-
AOJI>K'HTeJIeH B CBH3H C 3aMe,AJICHHbIM pOCTOM H pa3BHTHeM, AJIH Apyroro
(B-178) - 3Ha 4HTCJIbHO KOpOqe, TaK KaK opraHH3M 6bICTpee pa3BHBaeTCSI,
paHbwe 3aKaHgHBaeT CBOH UIIKJI pa3BHTH5I H nepeXOJHT K aBTOJIH3y, B TO
BpeMSI KaK Y LHTaMMa JIC-1 aBTOJIH3 HaCTynaeT n03N{e.
fIpH (~epMeHTauHH Ha KyKypy3HOI-I CpeAe yKa3aHHbIX pa3JIHT1HH o6Hapy-
N{HTb HaM He yAaJIOCb, XOTS[ 6HOCHHTe3 CTpeHTOMHLLHHa H B 3TOM cJly4ae
I[CCKOJIbI O BbIIHe Y IHTaMMa AC-1. B03MO KHO, 1ITO pa3JIHLIHbIH TeMn pa3BH-
THH IIa COeBOH CpeAe, KaK yKa3bIBaJIOCb BbILne, o6yC.JIOBJIeH pa3HbIM OTHOHIe-
HHCM IHTaMMOB K HCTOgHHKV a30Ta.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
'Cpa8nureAbHOe iPuauonoeueecxoe ucclledoeauue uaTaJMoe Actinomyces streptomycini 219
AeTaJIbHoe H3yLIeHHe MopcpoJIorkgeCKHX H3MCHeHHI3 B KyJlbTypaX yKa3aH-
HbIX HITaMMOB, HpOBeJIeHHoe 1-1pOKOCpbeBOll-BeJIbrOBCKOIi, CorJIaCyeTCq c Ha-
IHHMH Ha6./IIOJjeHHSIMH.
OAHHM 143 noKa3aTeJIeII, XapaKTepH3yIOHZHX pa3BHTHe KyJIbTypbI, HBJIBeT-
CH HHTeHCHBHOCTb JjbIXaHHH MHueJIHH1. DTa BeJIHLIHHa 06bILIHO BbIpaxcaeTCH B
BHJIe KOJI'HLIeCTBa KHcJlopoua (B MM3), noTpe6JIHIeMoro I Mr MHIjeJIIIHI 3a
I LFac (Q.2). I7pH BbIparuaBaHHH Ha coeBOI3 cpejje CyXO1i Bee MHIjeJIHH
onpeAe0IHTb TOLIHO He yJjaeTCHI, B CBHI3H C LICM HPHXOAHTCH paCCLInTbIBaTb
HOTpe6JIeHHe KHC.nopojja Ha eAHHHuy ofteMa KyJlbTypaJIbHOII HJXOCTH H
Bblpa)caTb B BHJje Vo, - Mr 02 JI/MHH. CWTBeTCTByIOHjIIe JjaHHble J11IHI 060HX
JUTaMMOB npeJjcTaBJIeHbI B Ta6J1. 5.
Tab JIHua
I-IHmeHCU6XOCmb dbixaFiw u[mammoe B-178 u JIC-1 Ha pa3Hblx cpedax
'CoeBa1 . . . . . . . . .
D
KYKypy3Hafl . . . . . , ,
Q0, He Bbi mc.TiHJ1oCb.
JIC-I
B-178
JIG-1
B-178
40 I 64 I 88 I 112
CKOpOCTb HOTPf6JI'HHB 02-V02
Mr 021JI B M14HYTY
4,2
5,4
1,4
2,1
6,5
6,5
2,0
1,8
2,4
2,4
1,1
1,4
2.2
1,9
1,3
1,4
40 I 64 I 88
HHTeIICHBHOCTb 3b!xa-
FIHB Q,2 MM' MC B 4ac
~
19
27,5
24,5
26,0
M3 JIaHHbIX Ta6Ji. 5 cJleAyeT, LITO MaKCHMaJIbHaB CKOpoCTb HoTpe6JIeH}51
KncJIOpo,1a y o60IIX IIITBMMOB OJIHHaKOBa, OJIHaKO Y HITaMMa B-178 MaKCH-
MyM JIbIXaHII51 Ha6JIJOJIaeTC5I Ha CYTKH paHbwwe. CJIeJ1yeT OTMeTHTb, LITO CKO-
pOCTb HOTpe6JIeHHH KHCJIOpOUa o6oHMH HITaMMaMB Ha COeBOII CpeJje 3HaLIH-
TeJIbHO Bbimme, 4eM Ha KyKypy3H013.
IIpH 6HOCHHTe3e aHTH6HOTHKOB B CBHI314 c aBpauHec iH pa3MelHHBaHHeM
cpeubl BCerjja Ha6JIFo,gaeTCH 3HagHTeJIbHoe BCHeHHBaHHe. B KaLIeCTBe HeHO-
raCHTeJIeN , o IIaCTOHIIjero BpeMeHH HCIOJIb3y10TcH MaCJIa H }KHpbI, KOTOpble
OJIHOBpeMCHHO 51BJIA10TCHI HCTOLIHHKa NiH vrJIepoJja (Perlman, 1952). KoJiHUe-
CTBO MacJIa, 3aTpa4HBaCMOrO Ha HeHOrameHHe, HOCTHraeT 0,5%, COeBa8i cpeJja,
KpOMe TOrO, BKJIIOLIaeT OKOJIO 0,3% coeBOro MaCJia, cojjep}Kan erOCHI B Coe-
BON MyKe. B HanIrx 3KCHepHMeHTaX CorIocTaBJIeHHe HITaMMOB HpOH3BOJZH-
.'IOCb Ha cpeAaX C pa3JIHgHbIM coaep?KaFIHeM MacJIa:
1) Ha cpeae, He couep Kawej MacJIa (n3 o6e3}KHpeHHOli coeBOiI MyKH);
2) Ha cpejje, co4ep3Kamell 0,3 % MacJla (143 Heo6e3?KnpeHHOIi coeaOH
MYKI);
3) Ha cpejie, co,uepKameli 0,8% Mac is (1143 Heo6e3}KnpeiHOl[ coesof
MyKH c ao6aBJieHHeM 0,5% MacJla).
fIOJIy'eHHbie pe3yJlbTaTbI HpeJICTaBJIeHbI Ha pHe. 3. H3 xojja KpHBbIX ejie-
jyeT, LITO MaCJIO aKTHBHO BJIHHeT Ha XoA npouecca CpepMeHTafIHH o6OHX
IHTaMMOB. HajiFLlHe B cpe,'je MaCJia CH0006CTByeT 3HaLIHTeJIbHOMy yBeJIH9eHH}O
Beca 6HOMaccbi H COOTBeTCTBeHHO - 6oJiee HHTeHCHBHOMy n0Tpe6JIeHH1o
aMMOHHl HOro a30Ta. 1-10Tpe6JieHHe yrJieBOJIOB npH BBeJjeHHH B cpeJjy Macjla
3aMeJIJI5IeTC5T, LITO CB5I3aFIO C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM MaceJ1 B KageCTBe HCTOLIHHKa
yFJlepoJa. CJIeJIOBaTeJIbHO, Jjo6aBJIeHHeM MaCJIa MO}KHO B H3BeCTHON Mepe
,perVJIHpOBaTb XOA pa3BHTH5I KyJIbTypbI H CKOpOCTb nOTpe6.ReHHHI OCTaJIbHbIX
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
220 C. JI. Bpun6epz, E. H. Cypukoea H ap.
p O O
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CpaBKUreJzbuOe t/ 3uoAOewlecKoe uccnedoeaxue UiTaAlxoa Actinomyces strentomycini 221
KOMHOHeHTOB CpejbI. CKOpOCTb noTpe6JIeHHH Maciia y LHTaMMa B-178 no
,CpaBHeHHK) Co LHTaMMOM AC-i HH}Ke, HeCMOTpH Ha 6oJiee 6bICTpOe HCIIOJIb3O-
BaHHe OCTaJIbHbIX IIHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLueCTB. TaK}Ke rlo-pa3HOMy BJIHHeT ,Lo6aB-
JneHHe MHCJIa Ha CIIHTe3 aHTH6HOTHKa (pHC. 3). ,LJISi uITavMa J1C-1 HaJiutIHe
B Cpe,ae 0,3% MaCJIa fOBbIlllaeT HpOJIVKTHBIIO?CTb Cpe (bI, a AOIIOJIHHTeJIbHoe
BBe.geHne eLue 0,5% CHH}KaeT KaK YPGB2Hb HaKOHJIe'HHR aHTH6IIOTHKOB, TaK H
CKOpOCTb Pro o6pa30BaHHR. aAR LHTaMMa B-178 npHCyTCTBHe MaCJIa TOpMO-
3HJIO npon,ecc 6HOCHHTe3a CTpeHTOMHUHHa HpOHOpIjHOHaJIbHO KOHLjeHTpaUHH
Macna.
Z
R) 100
.150
24 48 7296120
090
1\ V
I \ 1000
1 `' 800
24 48 7296720 24 48 72 96120 24 48 72 ,96120
BpeM., VaCbl
PHC. 4. H3MeneHHe aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJla3bl H o6pa3oBaHHe CTpEnTO-
MHL[HHa B npoi(ecce (pepMeHTauuU
A - coeaaa cpeAa; B - Kyxypy3na5i cpeaa; I - HIT. JIC-1; 2 - HIT. B-178.
YtMTb1Ba5i OCO6eHHOCTH B pOCTe, pa3BHTHH H BpeMeiu HaCTyLIBIeHIIR aBTO-
JI43a, HHTepeCHO 6blJIO H3ytIHTb H H3MeHeHHe npOTeoJIHTHtleCKoI7 aKTHBHOCTH,
a i?a o+ce aKTHBHOCTH KaTa.Ia3bI B npouecce (lJepMeHTaurH HITaMMOB B CB513H
c o6pa3OBaHHeM CTpeHTOMHUHHa. 3a riocjieuHee BpeMR BOHPOCY H3ytIeHH5I
CBOIICTB HPCTCOJIHTHt1eCKHX (pepMeHTOB, a TaK>Ke H3ytleHH1o aKTHBHOCTH Ka-
TaJIa3bI Y LIITaMMOB Hpo,lyue}ITOB CTpen'rOMHuHIIa y,1eJIReTCH MHOI'O BHHMa-
HHR (Kovacs a. Matkovics, 1957; BeJlo3epCKHA H Jip., 1954; Chaloupka, 1956;
Simon, 1955). OnbITb1 nO H3y1IeHHIO HPOTeOBHTHLieCKOl3 H KaTaJ1a3Ho1i aKTHB-
HOCTH npOBO2HJIHCb npH HCHOJIb3OBaHHH (f UJIbTpOBaHIION coeBOI'I H KyKypy3-
HOFi cpe,ubl. Pe3yJIbTaTbI, npej[CTaBJIeHHbie Ha pHC. 4, H03BOJIHIOT YCTaL1OBHTb
onpeue.ieHHyio 3aKO11OMepHOCTb B JI.HHaMHKe aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJia3bI B CB513H
C POCTOM H pa3BHTHeM opraHH3Ma. AKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI KyAbTypaJIbHOH
}KHJIKOCTH, He3HaMITeJIbHaR B (Ja3e pOCTa OpraHH3Ma (48 LIaC.), pe3KO no-
BbILHaeTCH B MOMeHT HHTeHCHBHOrO 06pa30BaHHR CTpeFTOMHWIHa, a 3aTeM,
KOrua KOJIHLIeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa .aoCTHraeT CBoero MaRcUMVMa, nauaeT. OT-
Me'eHHaH 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJIa3bI Ha6JIJoaaeTCH npH (~ep-
McHTaUHH Ha o6eHx cpe,2ax. Pe3ynbTaTbl HaIHHX O;TbITOB LIOJIHOCTb}0 cOrJla-
CyIOTCR C UaHHbIMH aBTOpOB (Kovacs a. Matkovics, 1957), VCTaHOBHBLHHX
n0Ro6HyIO CB23b Me}KJjy aKTHBHOCTbJO KaTaJla3bl m o6pa30BamieM cTpenTO-
MHIZHHa HOBepXHOCTHOII KyJlbTypOIT Str. griseus (CypUKoBa, 1955).
IT
J
0
m1200
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb, T-ITO IHTaMMy TIC-1, o6JIaAaIoII eMy nOBbII IeHHOIi CHO-
CO6HOCTbIO K 6HOCHHTe3y cTpenTOMHUnna, CBOHCTBeHHa 6oJlee BbICOKaBI aK-
THBIIOCTb KaTaJIa3bI na npOTH)KCHHH BCCFO npoi ccca (pepMeHTauII no CpaBHe-
HHIO CO IUTaMMOM B-178, OCOOCHHO Ha coeBOa Cpeue, rje MaKCHMaJIbHax
aKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bl COCTaBJIReT 330 MJI 02 y HITaMMa ,TIC-1 H 60 MJI 02
y IHTaMMa B-178 B MOMCI4T HHTCHCHBHOrO O6pa3OBaHHIi aHTH6HOTHKa. TaKHM
o6pa3.OM, aKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI CBB3aHa C WIKJIOM pa3BHTHSi opraHH3Ma l3
3aBHCHT OT HITaMMa H COCTaBa npMMeHAeMOH CpeJkbl.
800
/ N
400
~
/"r/ \1
- Z3
24 487296120
6
I
Z
1 a
24 48 72 96120 Z4 46 YZ YO Iau
BpeMA , UaCbl
r 1200
Puc. 5. 143MeHeHHe HpOTeOJIHTH4eCKOH aKTHBHOCTFI H 06p23OBaHHe
CTPCHTOMHUFIHa B npogecce (pepMeHTaUHH. YCJIOBHble o603Ha4eHII9
Te 3Ke, 4TO Ha pHC. 4.
1/I3ylleHHe npoTC0.)'IHTWLIeCK0I3 aKT'HBHOCTH KyJlbTypaJIbHOH )KHJKOCTH B
npouecce gJepMeI[TauHH nOKa3aJI0, LITO noCJIeAHH9 II3MeHHeTCA no Mepe pOCTa
H pa3BHTHR opraHH3Ma (pnc. 5).
B nepnoA HHTeIICHBHOFO pocTa opraHH3Ma Ha COe'BOF cpeac HpOT'eO.7IHTH-
=ICCKaII aKTIBHOCTb nOCTenCHHO noBbllllaeTCH, 3aTeM najlaeT B (pa3e 06pa30-
BaHHH aHTn6H0Tnxa, B la.IbHeHIHeM nol-beM npoTeoJInTnLIecxoI3 aKTJBHOCTH
o6ycJIOBJICH, BCpOATIIO, HacTynJIeHHeM aBTO.nn3a.
Oco6bIX pa3JIHLIni B Hp0TeOJIHTH'Ie'CK0H aKTHBIIOCTH KyulbTypauIbHOI3 }K14J[-
KOCTH Y H4THMMOB nPM (4epMeHTaUHH Ha COCBOH H KyKypy3HOH cpeJlax He
Ha6Jno.aaeTCH. OAHaKo np'OTeouIHTHLIecKaH aKTnBIIOCTb B nepecLleTe Ha eAH-
HHIIy Beca MIIUCJIHB BbIIHC Y HITaMMa AC-1 B nepHOA pOCTa MnueuIHSi
(48 mac.), y IHTaMMa B-178 - B MOMCHT a'BTOJIH3a (CypHKOBa H PyAaKOBa,
1958).
B npouccce(JepMeHTauHH HpOHCXOAHT o6pa3oBaHHe aBYX THROB CTpenTO-
MHHHHa - CTpeHTOMHIlnHa A H CTpCRTOMIIIHHa B HJIH MaHH03HA0CTpenT0-
MHUHHa. ITOCJICAHIH TepaneBTHLIeCKH 31IagHTeJIbH0 McHee UeHHbII, TaK KaK
er0 aKTHBHOCTb HOLITH B LIeTbIPC pa3a HI}Ke, tleM CTpenTOMIIZHHa A, H ero
npHCyTCTBHe B JleKapCTBCIIHbIX npenapaTax CHH}KaeT Ka,ieCTBO HOCJIeAHHX.
,aH1Ible, nOJIy'ICHHble npH COnOCTaBJleHHH npoueHTHOro COAep>KaI-IHB MafIHo-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Cpa6HUTe,zbnoe ?u3uouioeukecKOe UCCledosaHue wTaMMos Actinomyces streptomycini 223
3HJIOCTpenTOMHUHHa, npH (pepMeHTaIjHH Ha KyKypy3HOli It CHHTCTHTIeCKOi-I
Cpe,jaX o6oax IHTaMMOB, npe, cTaBJIeHbI B Ta6JI. 6.
Ta6:iHua 6
O6pasoeaxue 3caHHo3uaocmpenmoruui{una na pa.,Hblx
cpeaax tumaAMaMu B-178 u JIC-1 (e %)
KYKypy3HaH
CHHTeTHVeCKan
D
B-178
AC-1
B-178
JIC-1
BpIMH (~epMeliTa1(nH, qaCbl
48 I 72 I 96 126
OJjHOH H3 OTJIHTIHTeJIbHbIX 0006eHHOCTecI LHTaMMa TIC-1 SIBJISIeTCH cpaBHH-
TeJIbHO He3I-IagHTejIb}Ioe o6pa3OBaHHe MaHH03HAOCTperTOMHUHHa, 000TaBJIH10-
mee K KOHIjy (pepMeHTaIjHH OKOJIO 50%p, TOPJja KaK Y IIITaMMa B-178 ero
coJjep}KaHHe COOTBeTCTByeT 20-40%. 3TO HBJIeHHe, OTIeBHJfHO, CBB3aHO C
pa3JIH'fIIOci aKTHBHOCTbIO COOTBeTCT'ByIOMHX (jJepMeHTHbIX CHCTCM (Hockenhu-
le a. Ashton, 1954; CeseplIH H MacJIoBa, 1956).
BhiB0AbI
1. HpOBe,jeHO CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 113yYeHHe ,jByX 11poH3BOJ[CTBeHHbIX IIITaM-
MOB Act. streptor12ycini - B-178 H AC-1, OTJIHTIaIo Hxc2 no HHTeHCHBHOCTII
6HOCHHTC3a CTpenTOM'HUHHa.
2. BbIHBJIeHbI OCHOBHble (bH3HOJIOrHgecKxe OCO6CHHOCTH BbICOKOnpOJjyK-
THBIIOPO IIIT'aMMa AC-1, OTJIH'TIatoHjae ero OT IIITaMMa B-178.
3. YcTaHOBJICHO, 4TO Y HITaMMa, 6o.iee IIHTeHCHBHO CHHTe3HpyIOLI(ero
CTpeHTOMHIUIH, Ha6JI1OJjaeTC5T p$IJj (1JH3HOJIOPHTIeCKHX OCO6exxoCTeII H CBOHCTB,
OTJIHTIaIOLLjHX Cr0 OT Meuse aKTHBHOrO IHTaMMa. 1-10JII-IOe BbIHBJIeHHC nOTeH-
IjHaJIbHbIX B03MO)KIIOCTef HOBbIX IHTaMMOB B OTHoIHeHaM CHHTC3a aHTH6ao-
THKOB BO3MO)KHO 3HIHb Ha oCHOBe rjiy60Koro CpaBHHTe.IIbHoro (j)H3HOJIOrHTIe-
CKOrO HX HCCJIeJ OBaHHH.
DKCnepHMeHTaJIbHb114 MaTepHaJi, IIO.IIyLiaeMbIH npH TaKOM McCJIe;joBaHHH,
HMeeT TaK)KC npaKTHTICCKHcI HHTepec, TaK KaK OH CJIy}KHT OCHOBaHHeM JjJIH
yTo I1eHI1H TeXHOJIOrHTICCKHX perJIaMeHTOB npOH3BOJ cTBa aHTl16HOTIIKOB.
B 4aCTHOCTH, pe3ynbTaTbJ JjaHHoro iiccaejjOBaIIHH JierJia B OCIIOBy HpOH3BOJj-
CTBeIIHOro perJlaMeHTa HOJIyTIcHHH CTpe_HTOMHL[HHa HJH HCnO:Ib3QBaIIHH Bbi-
COKOHpoJjyKTHBItOrO LHTUMMa Act. streptomycini AC-1.
JIHTEPATYPA
A ai e e B B. C., B p H H 6 e p r C. JI., I- p H H IO K T. H. XHMHgCCKn5 COCTaB KyKypy3Horo
3KCTpaKTa Ii npUMeHCHHe ero 21JI5 (1)epMeHTaijH0HHbIX CpC;j B HPOH3BOJ[CTBe neHiluiu JIHHa
H CTPCHTOMHUBHa. Tp. KOMHCCHH HO aHTH6HOTHKaM, 1950, BbIH. 2, CTp. 28-34.
B e JI 0 3 e 1) C K H H A. H., 3 H a m e H C K a A M. II. H ap. CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 611oXHMH4eCK0C
H3y leHIIe 4yBCTBHTeJIbHbIX H YCTO6YHBbIX K aKT,Hiio(jaraM (JOpM Act. globisporus
streptomycini. BHOXIiTHA, 1954, T. 19, Bbin. 2, cTp. 236-145.
BpHH6epr C.JI., CypHKOBa E.l'!., Bpa6oBCKaa 0.3. BIo,u6op H yTO4HeHHe co-
cTaBa (pePMeHTaLH0HH0ii CpeUbl JUTA 111TaMMa IC-1. Bio,njl. BHIII4A, 1955, Bbiri. 5,
CTp. 59.
B P H H 6 e p r C. JI., F p 11 H 10 K T. H. YCTan0BJienne pe.KnMa a3paunn uuia npouecca q)ep-
MCTaL1nH CTPCHTOMHI(HHa npH HCII0.Ib3OBaHH11 IHTaMMa TIC-1. Bio.7JI. BHMI4A, 1955.
Bbin. 3-4, cTp. 122.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
13 p H H 6 e p r C. ,I., r p 11 H Io K T. H. McTOAb1 H3y4CHHH yCJ10BUi{ a3pauuH nPH 6HOCHHTe3e
aHTn6N0TN4eCKNX BeHI,eCTB. 610JiJIeTeHb BHIdI'IA, 1957, Bbin. 6, cTp. 38-53.
Bp m H 6 e p C. A. BAHHHHe MaCeJI Ha npoueCC 4)epMeHTaI&HH npiH 6HOCHHTe3e. AHTH6HOTHKH,
1958, T. 3, Bbin. 4, cTp. 29.
B p N H 6 e p r C. JI., r p a 6 o B c K a a O. 3. 0 311aTwHIM ()OC(popa aim 6HOCHHTe3a CTpenTO-
MNI1NHa. MHKp06NOJIorHa, 1958, T. 27, Bbin. 4, CTp. 407.
B e c e .n 0 B H. M., C e B e p H ii B. A., H e H a m e B a A. M. HCnOJIb3OBaHHe }KMMXOB B Ka-
4eCTBe KOMnOHeHTOB CpeAbi AAA o6pa3oBaHHa CTpenTOMIJIHHa. 6ioJI. BHHI'IA, 1956,
Bbin. 1-2, CTp. 4.2.
F p a 6 o B C K a H O. 3. BJIHHH'Ne (b OpMbl OpraHN4CCKO:O a30Ta Ha 6140CIIHTe3 CTpeIITOMHuuHa.
Te311cbl BTOpoll BCeC. KOHlpepeHHHH no aHTH6HOTHKaM, 1957, cTp. 59.
JI e B H T O B M. M., I' e p M a H 0 B a K. H. H Ap. (PB3HOJIOrH4eCKHe oco6eliHOCTH pa3JIH4HbIX
mTaMMOB Peniclttlurn chrysogenum. AHTH6N0TIIKH, 1958, T. 3, Bbin. 2, Crp. 3.
M e a b H I1 K 0 B A. A., C y p H K 0 B a E. H. H3y4eHHe (JH3H0JI0rH4eCKHX CBO6CTB pa3HbIX
mTaMMOB P. chrysogenum, o6pa3yloutuX neHH1(NJTJIHH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1957, T. 2, Bbin. 3,
cTp. 5-8.
C a B 11 u K a H E. M., B p V. H C B. H. H Ap. q)H311K0-xHMN4eCKHe McTOAbI onpeACJIeHNSI aHTN-
610TMKOB. Il. 06 allTpOHOBOM McToae KOJIN4eCTBeHHOr0 OnpeuCJ1eHHH MaHH03HAO-
CTper1TOMNUNHa. 711ypH. aHaJIHT. XHMNH, 1955, Bbin. 2, CTp. 124.
C e B C P H H B. A., F o p C K a a C. B. CHHTeTH4eCKaB cpeua AJiH KyJ1bTHBNpoBaHH5i
St. globiasporus Streptomyeini, wTaMM AC-1. AHTH6HOTOKH, 1957, T. 2, Bbin. 2, CTp. 26.
C e B e p N H B. A., NI a c n o B a C. H 0 npenpaweHHN MaHHO3HAoCTpenTOMMUNHa B CTpenTO-
MHUHH A. MHKpo6ao.norH5i, 1956, T. 26, Bbin. 5, cTp. 580.
C y p H K o B a E. H. (Dn3H0J1o7H4ecKaa xapaKTep14CTNKa mTaMMOB npouyueHT0B cTpenTO-
MNUNHa. 61o.il.nereHb BHHHA, 1955, BbIn. 3-4, cTp. 83.
Cy p H K 0 B a E. 14. HCCJTeAOBaHHe COeBOH CpeJbl Ha 6HOCNHTe3 CTpenTOMHUHHa. Bion-
JICTeHb BHHI4A, 1954, Bbin. 4, CTP. 66.
C y p H K 0 B a E. H., P y A a K 0 B a H. H. HpOTeOJIHTH4eCKHe (j)epMeHTbI y aKTHHOMNUeTOB,
obpa3ylolunx CTpenTOMnUIIH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1958, T. 3, Bbin. 6.
C h a I o u p k a J. Proteolytic enzymes of Streptomyces griseus. Folia biolog., 1956, v. II,
N 2, p. 72.
('i a r n e r H., K o f f 1 e r H. Factors affecting Streptomycin Yilds. Amer. J. Botany, 1953,
v. 4, N 5, p. 289-296.
H o c k e n h u I e D., A s h t o n G. Actinomyces metabolism: a - phenylmannosidase of St.
griseus. Biochem. J. 1954, v. 57, N 1, p. 93.
K o v a c s E., M a t k o v i c s R. Veranderung der katalaseaktivitat St. griseus kulturen.
Acta biolog. Acad. scient. Hungaricae, 1957, v. 7, N 4, p. 343.
K u r y I o w i e z W., W o z n i c k a W. H Ap. Badania nad otrzymywaniem Streptomycyny
w zkali laboratoryney. Med. doswiad. i mikrob., 1954, v. 6, N 1, p. 1-12 (UI'IT no
, 1954, Bbin. 5, c. 38).
Per I m a n D., W a g m a n G. Studies of the utilization of lipids by St. griseus. Jour.
Bact., 1952, v. 63, N 2, p. 253.
S i m o n S. On the protease and urease enzymes of Str. griseus. Acts microb. Acad. Sci.
Hung., 1955, v. 3, N 1-2, p. 53.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
T. E. Ka3aucKasl u E. A. AHd peeaa
BJINSIHHE A3OTtICTbIX (PPAKIUNH COEBOI%I MYKH
11 HEKOTOPbIX AMNHOKICJIOT HA POCT H BHOCHHTE3
CTPEEITOMHLIH HA
HpH nofry'ennn CTpeHTOMHuHHa c noMOlublo Actinomyces streptomycini
llama HpoMbIHIJIeHHOCTb AoJlroe BPCMA HCFIOJIb3oBaJIa LIT IMMbl N? 3 H
B-178, KOTOpble Ha MHHepaJIbHON cpe,?je C KyKypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM AaBaJIH
[OCTaTOLIHbje BbIXOAbI aHTn6nOTHKa. B CB513n C 3THM npOBOAH.IHCb HCCJIeAO-
BaIIHn no ()paKunOHHpOBaHHIO KyKypy3110ro 3KCTpaKTa C uCJIbIO Bbl5CHeHHH
xHMH4ecKON npnpOAbl a30THCTbUX coeljHHeHHN, CTHMyJIHpyiOLuHX o6pa3oBa-
nne CTpenTOMHuHHa (1_I..IanOIHHnKOB, AraTOB H Ka3aHCKaii, 1954; ,ZI,yAbIKHHa,
1954). B AajibHefLueM 6bl.JI ceJIeKUHOHHpOBaH 6oJree aKTHBHblcl IIITaMM
JIC-1, KOTOpbIII npH KyJIbTnBHpOBaHHH Ha cpe_ae c COeBOK MyKOFi npoAyuH-
pOBaJr 60JIbHIHe KOJIH4eCTBa aHTH6HOTHKa. Ilepelj yrleHbIMH CHOBa BCTaJIa
3aAaga - Bbl}CHHTb HpH4HHy CTHMyJI241H CTpeHTOMHUHH0o6pa3OBaHHH, Ha
3TOT pa3 coeBOii MyKH.
IIaMH (Ka3aHCKaa, 1958) 6bJJio nOKa3aHO, LITO QIjHa H3 3THX IIpatIHH
3aK,RIo,meTCSi B 6JIarOHpH5THOM BJIH51HHH COeBOro MacJia m naJIbMHTHHOBol
KH.CJIOTbI. HaCTORHjaH pa60Ta noCBHluena pernennio BOnpoca 0 BJIIIIHHH
a30THCTbIX 4 paKUn[i COeBOLi MyKH H oTJI,eJIbHbIX aMHHGKHCJIOT Ha O6pa3OBa-
nHe CTpeIITOMHUHHa.
Bce MHKp06HOJ1orHtIeCKHe OnbITbI HpOBO,IjHJIHCb CO HITaMMOM JIC-1 na
cpejle CJIeAyIoLuero cocTaBa (B %) : rJIIOK03bI - 2; (NH4) 2SO4-0,3; NaC1-
0,25: KH2PO4-0,05; CaCO3-0,3, AHCTHJIJIHpOBaHHaH Boua.
K 3TOii cpeae npH6aBJIHJIH HJIH 2% COeBOIi MyKH HJIH Apyroj HCTOLIHHK
a30Ta opraIIH4eCKOrO BeLuecTBa. HoceBHOii MaTepHa.7 BbIpaLUABaJfCSr B Te4eHne
Tpex C TOK npn TeMnepaType 26-28? Ha Ka4aJlKe, Bpamaiou elicH co CKO-
pOCTbIO 240 06/MHIi. B KOHngecKne KOJ16bI o6'beMOM 250 MJI HaJIHBaJIH no 50 MJI
cpe,abl. COCTaB cpeA noceBHbIX H OnbITIIbIX KOJ16 BcerAa 6bIJI OAHHaKOBbIM.
CTpenTOMHUHH OHpe,ieJ1HJlil NieTOAOM An(1J y3MH Ha arape; BeC MHue-
JIHA - BbICyLBHBaHHe1 Ao nOCTOHHHOrO Beca MFHFJIH5, npe,oBapHTeJibII0 OT-
ueFlTpFi(pyrnpOBaHHOro H nocJIeJjoBaTe.1bHo npOMbITOro 5%-IIOH HC1 H An-
CTnJIJInpOBal[noIi B0,109; o6Hjn~ a30T - McTOJjOM KbeJIbAaJIA, aMMHaK -
JIH(q)y3HOHHbIM McTOJ[OM; FJI[OK03y - nO BepTpaHy. B Ta6.'IHuax npHBeAe-
11bl JIHHib OCHOBHble pe3yJibTaTbI OnbITOB, T. e. H3 un4 pOBbIX JIaHHbIX Ha
npOTA?KeHHH nIITH-LHCCTH CyTOK Bb16paHbI MaKCLIMaJIbiible 3HageHHn Beca
MnueJIHA 11 KOJIH4eCTBa CTperITOMHuHHa.
B OHbITHX C CoeBOii MyK017 He onpeAeJTHJIaCb 6HoMacca, TaK KaK HpH
ue'HTpH(pyrnpOBaHHH KyJlbTypa.IbH01r )KLIJl,KOCTH Ha AHO npO6HpKH B:VICCTe C
MHueJJHeM oceAajia MyKa.
15 TpyAbi HH-Ta MHxp06HOnorHH, Bin. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
2')6 T. B. Ka3aHCKah u E. A. Audpeeea
B pcAC O IbITOB yxa3axo BpeM5l, Korea B cpeiie Hcge3aJIIi rJIIOKO3a H
aMMOHnIi[IbIii 030T.
H3MCIICIIHC pH B npoueCCe (1)CpMCIITarIH1i B 6o IbllIIIIICTBC OHbITOB 6binO
oJIHHaKOBbIM: on BTOpbIC CyTKII pH ciIH) aJICSI npumepoO ;Io 6, a 3aTeM,
K KOliuy OnbiTO, IIOBbILHaJIC51 AO 8.
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llccKllx CpeJaX c aMnlioKHC3oTaMH (malJOLHIIHKOB, AraTOB, Ka30HCKaO 11
3K3epIIOBa, 1954). A30T OpraHHileCKOFO Be1I eCTBa B HnX COC-I aB. o i 30 Mr %,
T. C. KOJ1n00CTBO, paBuoe a30Ty, BIIOCHMOMY B cpeAy c KyKypy311bIM 9KCTpaK-
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B8,IHCb AByMO napTrIHMH COCBOii MyKH, KOTOpble Co;1ep1Ka.7H B CpCAHCM 60 Mr
a30Ta B I r MyKH. CJIe;oBaTeJIbiIO, B CpCJZe JIJII LUTaMMa JIC-1 KOJIH9eCTBO
oprallioeCKOrO a3OTa paBH5IJIOCb 120 MrC/p. B COOTBeTCTBHH C JIHTepaTypHbIMH
JZauHbIMH (HOJlbcorl, 1932) 6blJla COCTaBJIeHa FIOBali petICHTypa CpeJbi C
CCIIOBIIbIMH aMHHOKHCJIOTaMH. B Ta6JI. 1 npHBeAeHbl pe3yJlbTaTbl onbrTa CO
IIITaMMOM TIC-1 Ha COCBOH cpe,oe m Ha JLByX BapnalnTaX cpeA C OCHOBHbIMH
aMH1IOKHCJIOTaMH.
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OC110B1Ible aMHHOKHCnoTbl(aprHHHH -63 Mr% rHc-
THAHH -19 Mr%; rIH311H -38 Mr?a) . . . . .
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rliCTHAHH -50 rim%, :11131111 -40 Mm%) . . . .
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115
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CO{ BOfl MyKOii C0Jlep)KHTCn 120 Mr % 030Ta opraHHtieCKOTo Beu1eCTBa, B,CC
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BiiufiHue a3orucrbix cppaFci uu coeeou .xyrcu u aMuHOKUCAOT Ha CrpenTo,uuriuH 227
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aBTOK.1IaBe H neHTpH(pyrHpoBaJIa. F1pn 3TOM HOJIycIaJIH MyTHbI}I IjeHTprl~byraT
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4aJIH Hpo3paeIHbIN, C.IIerKa OHa,.IIec I1pyIOHjHii paCTBOp, Oca, of HOC.iie LIeHT-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
pH(j)yrHpOBaHHA npOMbIBaJIH BO,UOFI. B aanbHeRlueM 3TH JIBe (~a3bi Mbl 6yaeM
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KOJIH4ecTBa aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHOFI BbIT5 KKH. OnpeaeaeHHSI a30Ta B (JHJlbTpaTe
KyJIbTypaJIbHOFI )KHJIKOCTH H a30Ta B MY1ueJIHH npOBOJInJIOCb Ha 11POT5I)KeHHH
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TaK)Ke CBHueTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, LITO Ha HOCTpOeHne MHueJIHH, KpOMC a3OTa
OpraHH4eCKOFO BeLHeCTBa LICHOJIb3yeTC51 H aMMOHHNHbIN, TaK KaK BO BCeX
cJIyHaBX KoJII14eCTB0 a30Ta B MllueJIHH npeBblLllaeT KOJIH4eCT'BO a30Ta opraHH-
4eCKOro Be1ueCTBa Cpe. bi, Jia}Ke ec.IIH He npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe, 4TO 4aCTb
a30Ta COB He MO)KeT 6bITb yCBOeHa aKTHHOMHueTOM. KpoMe TOrO, OKa3aJIOCb,
4TO Ha cpe.liax c Jio6aB.neHneM aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHOFI BbITH)KKH H3 He06e3)KHpeH-
HO6 H o6e3)KHpeHHO6 COeBOF! MYKH o6pa3OBaHHe CTpenToMHuHlla HALT OJjHIIa-
KOBO (315 H 350 Y/MJI). 3TO O6'bHCH5ieTC51 TOFI )KC npH4HHO6, 4TO H B c.ny'ae
npHFOTOBJIeHHH BOJIHbIX n IueJIO4HbIX BbITSI)KCK (CM. Ta6JI. 2). F103TOMy B JIaJ1b-
He6weM Jjn51 o6JIer4eHHSi pa60TbI MbI HpHMeH5TJI14 Heo6e3)KHpeHHyK) coeBylo
MyKy.
CJIeLIyioLuH6 OBbIT 6bIJI HOCTaBJICH JIJIH yTO4HeHH5i BJIH5IHH5I Ha POCT H
o6pa30BaHHe aHTH6HOTHKa JIByx CJa3, nOJly'aIOluHXCSI npH aBTOKJIaBHpOBa-
HHH COeBO6 MyKH (Ta6JI. 3).
(Dpaxul!H npl6aBJI5IJIHCb K cpejre H3 TOlO )Ke paC4eTa, 4TO H coeBa5i MyKa
(2%), T. e. B cpejrax cojlep)KaJIOcb TaKoe KO.Ti1l'eCTB0 COOTBeTCTByIOLueH
cppaKUnH, KOTOpOe 6bIJio fOJIyteHO H3 2 r coeBO6 MyKH.
Pe3yJIbTaTbl OHbITOB Ta6Ji. 3 nOKa3bIBaIOT, 4TO ueHTpH(])yraT HMeeT o4e-
BHJIHble HpeFMyLUeCTBa nepeA IpHJlbTpaTOM aBT0KJIaBHpOBaHHOH coeBOFI
MyKH. DTO COOTBCTCTByeT H KOJIH4eCTBy o6Luero a30Ta B 3THX cPpaKUn5IX.
MyTHbii1 ueHTpH(JyraT, noJly4alomnF c q H3 aBTOKJIaBnpOBaHHOFI B BOie
COCBO6 MyKH, npe,l.CTaBJISIeT MCJIKOLHCnepcHylo CIICTEMy 6eJIKOBbIX BeLuecTB,
3aLep}KHBaIOLuHXCSI npH JiaJIbHE6LIICM 4IIIJIbTpCBaHHII 4epe3 ac6ecT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BA!in - ue a30TUCTbIX (bpaKi uu coeeou Myicu u aMUHOKUCAOT HU cTpenTOJKC -i- 4)IIJIbTpaT OCaAKa,
o6ra5OTaHnoro nenc0HOM
7,98
662
45
CoeBaa nryKa . . . . . . .
7,82
2370
100
ABTOK.gaBHpOBallHag BbITA3K-
7,89
45
OcaaoK . . . . . . . . . .
6,92
530
cIHJIbrpaT ocaAKa, o6pa6OTau-
noro nenCHHoM . . .
ABT0KJIaBHpoBaH flag BbITl1 K-
Ka + (~HJIbTpaT cca i a, 06-
pa6oTaHHOro fCHCHItOM
06a onblTa, KpoMe Toro, noj TBep)K,Aa1oT JiaHHble BpHn6epr ii ipyrnx
(1958) 0 TOM, 'ITO LIITaMM JIC-1 Hy)K,,laCTCH ,A.JI5I pOCTa H CTpenTOMHuHHoo-
o6pa30BaIIHH B BbICOKOMOJICKYJIHpHbIX a30TCoaep)KaLuHx 'BeLueCTBaX. ,1eIICT-
BnTeJIbiio, Ila cpea.e C OCaJIKOM B HaHIFIX OnbITax CTpenTOMHUHHa 6bIJIO
BJIBOe 60,IbwC no cpaBlIeHIIK) CO CpC)IOH, coaep}KaLuef (3HJIbTpaT oca)1.Ka,
no,1BeprHyT0ro ()epMeuTaTBBHOMy paCLuenJIeHHIOnenCHHoM.
3. BJIHAHHE HEKOTOPbIX AMHHOKHCJIOT
HA CTPEHTOMHLIHH0O6PA3OBAHHE
GTICIIyioin.nH pa3JICJI pa6OTbI CBOJIHJICH K BbTHCHeHHIO BJIHHHHH aMHHO-
KIIC.nOT Ha pOCT H CTpenTOMnunHoo6pa3oaaxne.
KaK noxa3aJIH onbITbl, HpejACTaBJIenHble B Ta6Ji. 1, Ha B39TOYI HaMH
Cpe. e C OCHOBnbIMU aMHIIOKncJIO'raMH 2KTHHOMHUeT o6pa3OBbIBaJI MaJ10
cTpcnTOMnunna. 1IO3T0My MbI peLIIHJIH BbIHCHHTb, KaK H3MeHHIOT npOueCC pa3-
JIIifIIIbIC IMIHOKHCJIOTbl, HpH6aBJIelIHble B CpejbI O,HOBpeMeFIHO C aBTOKJIaBH-
poBaniloiI COeBOnI BbITH)KKOH.
DTOT BTan pa60Tb1 c.neAyeT paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK nepexOJIHbIH H BbIHy)KJIeH-
HbIFi, BBnJIy TOro,'ITO HITBMM AC-1 He pa3BHBaJIC51 Ha HCHOJIb3oBaHIIbIx HaMH
Cpe.aax c aMHHOKHCJIOTaM?n. B Cpe,1bl c aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHOH BbITH)KKOH J10-
6aBJIHJIOCb 56 Mr% a30Ta aMHHOKHCJIOT. IIpH ynOTpe6JIeHHH COJIAHOKHCJIbIX
COJIea aMHHOKHCJIOT npOH3BOAHJIH 'COOTBeTCTByIOLUHH nepeCrleT; TaKHe COJIH
npeABapHTeJIbHO HefiTpaJIH30BaJIn NaOH C y'IeTOM o6pa30BaHH5i NaC1
B cpe,L e.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B Ta6JI. 4 HPHBeaeHbl IaHHIIe OHbITOB no BbIHCHeHHI0 B,'[HHHHH MOHOaMH-
HOKHC.TIOT Ha IHTaMM TIC-1.
HCTOMHHK a30Ta 0praH1l4CCIC0ro
BC H{CCTBa
Bcc
M HI[e-
J111S1,
Mr/I00
MJI
Bpenis
MaKCH-
MaJIbHOI.O
pOCTa MH-
IleJIH51,
Cy1KH
KoJIH4eCTpO
CTp( HTOMSI-
IjHHa, y,/MJ!
BpcMSi 06-
pa3oBalIHS1
MaI(Cli-
MaJlbIIOrO
'(OJIH4( CTB51
CTp(nTOMH-
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K11
KOJIH'ICCTBO CTpen-
TOMHI{H Ha
0/10
K KOHT-
pO.nro
% K CpCJje
C aBTOKJIa-
EnpOBaH-
110H BbI-
TSINKKO11
COeBaa MyKa (KOHTpO.'lb) . . . . .
1390
5
100
ABTOKJIaBHpoBarluasi BbITH}KKa . . .
359
3
265
19
100
To N(e + re710TaMiiHC133ft KHCJIOTa
232
2-3
18
3-5
1
7
To >Ke + acnaparmi0l3wi KHCJIOTa .
160
3
32
4
2
12
Un )pbT Ta6J1, 4 COOTBeTCTByIOT Hpe}KHHM Hamm ,3aIIHbIM, Ho,'IygeHHbIM
rlpu pa60Te CO HITaMMaMH 3 H B-178 (LIIano>_HHHKOB, AraTOB, Ka3aHcKaH H
3x3epu'eBa, 1954): MoH0aMHH0K1IC7oTbI (rJII0TaoI4H0BaHi H acnaparaaoaafl)
pe3KO CHN}KaIOT BbIXOj[ alfTn6110THKa. jJIH r_HTaMMa AC-1 HOBbIM SHBHJIOCb,
KPOMe TOFO, H OTPHUBTeJIbHOC BJIHnHHe MOIIOaMHIIOKHCJIOT Ila pOCT MHueJIni.
TaKylo }KC BaPTHHV MbI HOJIVIia7IH B jjpyrHX OHbITaX B TeX cpejax, KyZa Hapfl-
/Jy C rJIIOTaMHHOBOI4 KHCJIOT,0l1 J1y06aBJIAJIH .IIFI3HH. B Ta67. 5 npe, CTaBJIeHbI
Ta6Jinua 5
Bi.uxuue ocuoeurix aMaHOKUCJIOI xa pocm u cmpenmo,MUi4uuoo6pa3oeauue
JLoea B JICIIo
HpH6aBJle
Bp
o6pa
cn1H
3opa-
K()JIH4CCTBO
CTpCnTO1111-
IlH11a
HnC JIMH-
111151
MaK-
K aI1T0KJIaBIipO-
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CHAIa
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no-
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no a0ny
r,
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(CYTKH)
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all,
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lla,
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(K0IITpo./1b)
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350
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20
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BHa Iane
604
3-4
638
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182
1
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430
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122
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387
240
69
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292
83
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770
He noTpc-
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220
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AprHHHH, rHCTII-
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Bna lane
532
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i
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75
He IloTpe-
6HJIca
307
KoHe'IHbiii pH KyJlbTypaJlb1105t mHAKOCTH 6,82.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
cpejLFIHe UaHHbTe JByX OIIbITOB, HpOBCJIeIHIbIX ua a 13TOK,,JaBHpOBaIIHOR BbITSI}K-
KC C JI06IB,ICIIHCNI OCHOBHbIX aMHIIOKHCJIOT.
,jaIIHbIC Ta6.I. 5 HOKa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO IIal60JIbmIIec CTHMyJIHpyIO1IIeC JIeHCTBHe
Ha C"IpcHTOMHUHIlO06pa30BauHe OICa3hIBaCT JIH3HII. IIpH6aBKa >KC K aBTOK.1a-
BHpoBaIf11OH BbITST>KKe OCHOBHbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha HepBble - TpeTbH CyTKH
pa3BHTHCI aKTHHOMHUeFa TIO1ITH IIC CKa3bIB3CTC9 HH Ha pOCTe MHueJFHSI, HH Ha
CTpCHTOMHUHI1006pa3OBaHIlu. IIO-BHJIHMOMy, OCHOBHble aMHHOKHC.T1OTbI He-
O6XOJIIIMbI Act. strepton2ycini c nepBbix 9aCOB er0 pa3BHTHB. CJ1e,iyeT HO-
BCHHTb, HTO JIII3HH HpH6aBJ!BJICH B CpCJIbI HJIH Cpa3y, 11.11H Ha TpeTbH CyTKH,
TaK KaK I!aI-UH HpC>KHIIC Jia:Mble (AraTOB H Ka3anICKaT, 1958 a) IIOKa3a.oH,
1170 3Ta a\4HII0KHCJI0Ta 7OTpc6,79eTCn O4CHb McJI,1CHH0.
113 XHMH4eCKOH CI)OpMVJIbI JIH3HHa BHUIIO, 11TO OH ABJIfteTCn aHaMHHOKaHpO-11 HOBOH KIICJI')TOII. Hop.nefLIHH H J1CHUHH - TaKNKe Hp0H3BO,IHble KanpOHOBOH
KFICJIOTbC HepBbIli - CL-aMHHOrcanpOHOBasI KHCJIOTa, BTOPOI3 - CL-aMHHOH30-
KaHpOHOBaH KHCJIOTa:
CH.,-CI I.,-CH._,-CI h-CI ICOOI I
I I
NH,, NI12
CH3-CI-I CH3-CI-h-CHCOOH
I
NFI2
CI13
\CI I-CFf2-CI-I000H
CtI3~ I
NH3
J-IIT3HH
I Iop.aeiiuHH
JIetiuuH
CJICJIyCT BbISICHHTb BJIHSIHHe 3THX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha pa3BHTHe aKTHHOMHUe-
Ta - IIpOJ1yUCHTa CTpeHTOMHUHI1a - He TOJII3KO B KageCTBC HCTO'IIII1KOB IMHII-
HOFO a30Ta, HO If B03MO>KHOI'O HCHOJIb3OBHHH5I HX yFJICp0JEHOI'O CKe.IeTa. Ha
OCIIOBaHHH 3TOFO HpCJIHOJIO>K I!HSI K IBTOKJI,1 Blip OBaHHOH BbITSI>KKe, KpOMe
HOpJIeHIIHHa m TIeNUHIIa, ao6aBJISIJIH KaHpOHOByIO KHCJIOTy (232 Mr%).
He1IoCTaTOK }KC B aMHHHOM a30Te B cpeje BOCHOJIIISIJIH 3a CqeT yBeJIHgeHHSI
KOJIH'IecTBa (NH4)2SO4.
Ta6JIHI1a 6
BAU5IHUe KanpoHccou uucJctWL u ee npou3eCaHb1X Ha pocm
u empemmo,Mul{uuro6pa-oeaHue *
Bp('MH 06-
BprMB o6-
pa30Ba-
Kojia4.CTF+o CTpCH-
Bcc
pa301'aIIHII
HHII MBK-
TOMHIIK1la
M HIke-
Mal'CH-
KOJIHn(CTB0
CHMaJIb110-
JIHSI,
MaJlbHoro
CTI)IHTOMH-
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ro KOJIH-
%, K cpej e
Mr/100
KOJIH1111T-
,
Y/M A
41 CTIia
K
C ailTO-
Mn
Ba 6HIIMaC-
CTII(HTO-
K01IT-
KJ1aliHp0-
Cbl, CyTKH
MHIIHIla,
p 0300
Ha1111011
CVTI(1)
rbITII)KK01}
CoenaB MVKa (K0:ITpo.1b) . . . . .
-
139)
5
100
ABTOKJ1aBHpoBalillaH BbTTH3KKa . . . 518
3
475
5
35
100
To xce + .nefun' . . . . . . . . . 426
4
650
6
47
137
+ Hop JleiiuHH . . . . . . . 102
4
33
5 '
2
7
+ Kallpo;1OBaa KHCJIOTa * ` . .
CJIC;lb
0
0
0
* AMnioiIHhIHbiif a30T H0Tpe6JlaeTCa Ha TpeTbH CyTKH Ha cpe/tax c CoeBOII MyK011, aBTOl(JIaBapoBali-
110ti Bbn7A)KKOII H HpH ,ao6aBJ1eHHH Jie8uaiia. I-JII0K03a Hc4C_aJla H3 Cpe;lbl 70.71,KO 3 3THX BapHaHTaX Ha
4--5-e CyTKH.
** pI I: 2-c CyTKH - 6,65; 3-H CyTKH - 6,89; 4-e CyTKH 6,98; 5-e CyTKH - 7,09.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Bnugxue a3orucTblx tipai i uu Coceou .uyKll U a.VIIHOKUCnor Ha CTpenT0,1fu1(uH 233
B Ta6JI. 6 IIpHBCACHbI cpej iue LLH(j)pbi OHbITOB HO BbIHCIICIIIIIO B.IHHHHH Ha
p0'CT H CTpenTOMHLLHH006pa30BaiIHe Kanp01IOB01i KIICTOTbI 11 eC IIpOH3BoAHbIX
(:iefiu iua ii irop.IcfiiLHIIa).
k13 JIaHHbIX 1'a6.1. 6 C.'IeJIyCT, -!TO J1eiII 1IH 6JIaF0HPII9THO BJIIIACT Ha o6pa-
30BBHIIC CTpenTOMLIIwua.
Kariponionan KHCJIOTa yrilel'acT HOJIIIOCrbIO pOCT; npfl 3TONI, eCTeCTI3einno,
o6pa3OBalIHH arlT1161,10THKa Ire npOHcxoj reio. IIOAo6HO Apyntm MOIIOaMHHO-
KHC,TIOTaNI, IIa CpC,7C C HOpJICI{ILHIIOM OTMe4a.1CN C:IaGblii pOCT H HOtITH IIC
o6pa3oBbIBaJIOCb CTpCnTOMnILIIHa.
1. I fa BOJLH0II BbIT 1>KKe 113 COCBOII MVKII, CTCpI1JIH3OBaHHOII (MMIJIbTpaU11el3
iiepe3 CTCpIJJIbHbIN ac6eCT B (J)IIJIbTpe 3e11T'ila, Ha6JIIoAaJICN XOpOuJui POCT
LHTaMMa AC-I; npl1 3TOM 06pa3OBbIBaJIOCb AO 76e%p CTPCHTOMJLLuIIa (HO
CpaBHeninN) C KOHTponeM).
2. UJ,eJrogHaM BbITH?KKa H3 COCBO11 MyKII He6JIaronpHHTHa AJ151 Mamma JIC-1.
3. LJigi npOBeAeHuH npeABapHTe,IbIIbrx 6a.'IaHCOBbIX OnbITOB H OHbiTOB no
BJIIIAHHIO Ao6aBOK aMHHOKHCIOT H HCKOTOpbIX ApyrHX BCLueCTB OKa3a.1OCb
y1Lo6HbrM HOJIb3OBaTbCSI aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHON BbITH}KKOli H3 CO0B0N MyKH.
4. Ocajoi , noiryHaioii ufiCN HpH CTCpHJIH3auHH B BOAe COeBOci MyKH,
6oraT a30THCTbIMfI BCIHeCTBaMH H B KalleCTBe HCTOLIi1HKa opraiiHaIecxoco a30Ta
B cpeae riyqLue HCHOJib3yeTCM LHTaMMOM TIC-1 6e3 npe;LBapHTeJlbHOro (4)ep-
McIITaTIIBi1oro rHApoJIH3a.
5. I-IpH JLo6aB.ICIIHIi K aBTOK,IIaBirpOBaHHOII BbITH)KKC 113 COCB0IJ MyKH Ile-
KOTOpbIX aMHi10KHGAOT (aprHHHna, rIICTH,'1,HIIa H JIe11uHHa) HOBbIIHaCTCH BbIXO,3
CTPCHTOMHIjHHa. OCO6CIIHO 6JIarOnpI-IIITH0 HaJInIHe B CpeILC .I1131fia; HpH
3TOM KOJIHT-ICCTBO aHTH6H0THKa B KyJlbTypaJIbHOH }KHJLKOCTH yBe,IIfgIIBaeTCA
BTpOe.
6. J o6aBKa K CoeB011 BbITH}KKe MOHOaMHnoKHC.IOT He6.naPOHpIiHTHa AJIN
POCTa H CTpenTOMHuuHoo6pa30BaHH51.
7. B npouecce pa60TbI Bb1NBJICHa KanpOIIOBa5i KHCJIOTa - Bemeel'BO,
CHJIbHO TOpM035ILuee pOCT H CTpenTOMHLLHiroo6pa30BaHHe.
A F a F0 B H. A. H K a 3 a H c K a A T. B. 01131HOlOFJIA Act. streptomgcini B CBA311 C 06pa30-
BaHHeM HM CTpeHTOMHUHHa. III. JIHHaMHKa a30Tco3ep)Kanuix BCII(eCTB IIpH pa3BHTHH
Act. Streptolnii.Clnl Ha CC.IC C KVK\py3FIbl,%T HKCTpaKTOM. AH'TH6If0TIIKH, 19'58a, N2 3.
CTp. 28. T
A r a T O B H. A. II K a 3 a H C K a A T. B. AHHaMIlKa a30TCOCep3KaIuHX BCLUeCTB HpH pa3BH-
THH Act. streptomgCini Ha CHHTeTligecKO5 cpeAe, AHTH6HOTHKH, 19586, No 5, CTp. 31.
BpHH6epr C.JI., CypHKOBa E.H., CellepHH B.A.,, rpa6oacKaa 0.3., rpH-
H 10 K T. H. Cpa13HHTeJIbHOO (1i7I3H0.I0;'H9eCKOe accJIe,TOBaHHe IIITaMMOB Act. streptomy-
Cinl B CB513H C 6HOCIfHTC30M CTpCHTOMHUIIHa. Tp. HHCT. MIIKp06HOJIOPHH AH CCCP,
T. 6, 1959, CTp. 212.
y,a bI K H H a H. B. POJib HeKOTOphIX (lJpaKenfi KyKypy3HOr0 3KCTpaKTa B o6pa30IMHliil
crpenTOMILIHHa. AH'LIISHOTHKH, 1954, B. XIII, cTp. 78.
H 0 JI b C 0 H A. M. COA. XHMIIA, TexHOJIOMa H IIpHMeHeHHe. CHa6Texu3uaT, M.- JL, 1932
K a 3 a FI C K a A T. B. BJIIuIHHe COeB070 Macla H e:o KOMHOHCHTOB Ha CTpeIIT0MHaHH006pa-
30BaHHe. ,LIOKJI. AH CCCP, 1958, T. 123, Ns 3, cTp. 561.
III a H 0 HI H H K 0 B B. H., A r a T 0 B H. A., K a 3 a H C K a A T. B. (I)paKuna Ky'K\'pV3H0r0
aKCTpaKTa, CTHMy'JIHpvI0WaH CTpenTOMHUHHoo6pa3OBaHHe. McTOnbl pa3.leleHlna BCIIIeCTB
KyKypy3H0r0 3KCTpaKTa iIl CpaBHIITelbHaa OILeHKa ero (JpaKUHS. AHTII6HOTHKII, 1951,
B. XIII, cTp. 72.
HI a H 0 HI H fI K 0 B B. H., A r a T O B H. A., K a 3 a H C K a A T. B., 9 K 3 e p u e B a H. F. CTH-
MylHpyloLuaA pOJlb aMHH0KHClOT B 06pa3OBaHllH CTpenTOMHUHHa. AHTH61IOTfTKH, 1954
Bblll. XIV, CTp. 28.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Al. H. Be.xrepeoa, H. A. KoweJZC6a
it B. 9. X/) Icati oackas
4PH3HOJ1Of HgECKHE 0005EHHOCTH ACTINOMYCES
LAVENDULAE B CB93H C YCJIOBHAMH KYJIbTHBHPOBAHHSI
HaCTooI1Iee coo61uciuie HBJIBeTCB IIpOAOJI}KCHITCM paiiec 'O3y6.iIHKOBaHHb1X
pa60T (FCXTepeBa {i ap., 1958; UJanOILIIIHKOB If Ap?, 1956) no H3y4IeHHIO
(jn300.norIlli Act. lavendulae [HTaMMa No 1000 (2335), noJiyncnrloro H3 My3eB
Jla6opaTopnu KpacUJihHHKOBa B HHCTHTyTC MHKpo61IoJIorm4 AH CCCP.
BbtnBJIC11110 CneuHKI)HKII H MC}KBHAOBb1X B3ailMOOTHOLHeIlHH B CO~leTaHHH
C KyJlbTypaJlbHbIMH It MOp(poJIOPH4IeCKHMH ocobeHIIOCTHMH I1TBMMa n03BOJIH-
lOT IHTaMMb1 Act. lavendulae, paiiee o6beAHHCHiible B oAHH BHA, pa3AeJIHTb
Ha rpynnbl (Kucajeva, 1958).
DKCnepifMeIITa.,ibllo AoK13aiIO, HTo 22 'KyJlbTypbl aKTHHOMHuCTOB, OTHOCH-
MbIX pa3HbIMH aBTOpaMi1 K Act. lavendulae, MO}KHO pa36HTb Ha 8 rpynn,
OTJIHHHIibIX no CBOIiM 61OJIorimecKHM CBOHCTBaM. UJTaMM Act. lavendulae
N, 2335 OTHCCCII K 8-ii rpynne. (Kucajeva, 1958). OH o6JiaaaeT cnupaJlbnbI-
MH C110p0HOCilaMH, o'6pa3yeT OBaJIbHO-KpyrJIble CnOpbI. Ha cpeAe Hanel{a H
KapTO(1)CJIbInOM crape 1303;1yuIHbIH MHIIeJIHH OKparuen B cnpeHeBO-KOpHHHeBa-
TbIii UBCT; K0J1O1lHII CBeT;IO-}KCJITbie; nHFMeHT B cpeAy lie Bbip.eJIHeTCA. 06-
T,aAaeT nhiipoKifM a1iTH6aKTepnaJIbHbIM ACHCT3HeM Ha rpaMOTpHLIaTeJlbHble H
rpaM'HOJIO}KHTC.'IbHble 6aKTepHH, MHK06aKTepuu, iia TpH BHAa Apo)KH{CH H
na Stachybotrys allernans.
B npe ibi,ynieii pa6oTe (BexTepeBa ii ;zp., 1958) 6bIJIH H3yHCHbI 3axo-
iiOMepIIOCTH o6pa30BBaHTiH aKTHBHhIX npOTCOJIHTHTICCKHX (pepMeHTOB B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT COCTaBa iliTaTe,iblblX Cpe,i H B CBH311 C pOCTOM H aBTOJIH30.NI
BTHX KYJIbTYP B r.TIy61HIIIOn (,)epMeHTaiuiH. B HeKOTOpbiX Onb1TBX 6blJiO 3aMe-
9e110, 1ITO o6pa3oBaIlile aKTHBHOrO Ben eCTBa Ha6JIIOAaJJoCb B UC)HOA HHTeH-
cHBHO1O pocTa KyJIbTypbl, T. e. 6bIJIo pe3KO CABHHYTO B nepBylO (Ja3y
IipOI.IeCCa, B OTJIHIiHC OT MHOFHX npOI eCCOB, B KOTOpbIX o6pa3013aHHe aHTH-
61IOTHKa HACT BO BTOpOH (I)a30.
B CBH3H C BTHM l1aM npe,r CTaBJISIJlOCb HHTepecnbIM I1pOBeCTil 6oJlee
nojipo6HOe 113yIICIIHe AlniaMHKH npouecca (pepMeilTaulH, pocTa H pa3BHTHSI
KYJIbTypbl npH pa3JnITIHbiX yCJIOBHHX KyJIbTHBHpoBaHHH, a TaKUKC H3yLlHTb
H3Me1IeHHH 6HOxHMHUecKOH aKTHBIioCTH MHUCJIHB B CBH3H C CPO B03paCTOM.
LI.TM npoAyucHTOB allT116HOT11KOB al{T'HHO?MnueTHOrO H rpn6Horo npome-
XO?KACHHH KyKypy3IlblH 3KCTpaKT HBJIHeTCH Ba}KHbIM KOMHOHeHTOM nHTaTeJIb-
HbIX cpeA ii oKa3bIBaeT 60.IbLUOe BJIHHHHU iia BbIXO, aHTH6HOTHKa y aKTH-
HOMHLIeTOB.
KaK nOKa3ajio iialIIH Ha6JnoJ eIIHH H Ha6JIIoAei11iH ApyFHX HCCJICAOBaTe-
Jlex, H3MCHCIIHC KOHUCHTpaLIHH KYKYpy3110FO BKCTpaKTa B CpeAaX MO}KCT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(Pn3u0A0eaKecKue oco6enrtoczu Act. lavendulae 235
BJIHHTb Ha HHTeIICHBHOCTb aBT0.7H3a KyJIbTyp, Ha BpeMH HOHBJIeIiHH B cpeAe
H BbIXOA aKTHBHbIX np0TeOJIHTHtIeCKPIx cj)epMe'HTO'B y Act. lavendulae (pHC. 1),
Ila cnopoo6pa3oaaHHe y Act. streptorrycini, y Act, globisporus (rITaMM Ne 58)
H y Act. rimosus (IlianoHlHHxoB H j p, 1956; BexTepeBa H Ap., 1958; IIpo-
Ko()beBa-BeJIbroBCxaH H Ap. 1956, 1958).
CpeAa C KyKypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM OKa3aJIacb 6.IaronpJHTH0I3 AJIH pa3-
BHTH59 H HaKOnJICHHH aHTH'6nOTFIKa Act. lavendulae H MbI H3y'IH,IH HeKOTOpble
(]11i3I70JIorH1IeCKHC Oco6eHIIOCTrI ialIi10Ii KyJIbTypbl Ha cpejax, co,epxcaH>;Hx
3TOT XOMHOHeHT.
1 pH
3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
8peMA , cymnu
l nc. 1. 3aawCHMOCTb HaxorlneHHU aKTHHHblx rlpOTeo:IHTH4ecKIiX CpepMeHTOB OT
Pa3BIITIII H aBToJIH3a KVJlbTypbr Act. lavendulae 2335, IsbipauteHHOO Ha cpeAe
.No 3 C pa3JIIIVHblM KOJIHiICCTBOM KyKypy3HOr0 3KCTpaKTa:
+ me.n; a - 6HOmacca? 6 - npoTewlHTHHleckHe
(1;epmeBTbl
METOAHKA
q)epMCliTaIJkH HpOBOJIHJ7acb B 2-JIIiTpOBbIX KoJI6ax, KyAa HaJIHBaJIOCb
400 M.I nHTaTeJrblrof cpeAbl. KOJ16bI 3acesa,mcb CnopaMH Act. lavendulae,
BblpautexnblMH Ha KapTO(J)eJIbHOM arape, H BCTpHXHBaJIHCb Iia KauaJlKe CO
cxopocTblo BpatueHHH 150 o6/MrH. iipii TeMrIepaType 26-28?. Flo xo ty
npoiecca IIpOBOAHJIHCb CJIeAyIonI,He onpe,eJIcHHH. AKTHBHOCTb 9JITH6nOTH-
geCKOro BCIr[eCTBa O'IpeAe.InJiacb McTOAOM cepHIiHbIX pa3BeJteHHi (TeCT-
o6'beKTOM CJIy)KHJI Staph. aureus-209) ; yrJleBOjbi - Ho BOCCTaHOBJieH'HIo
MeuH; o6waIi 23OT - MHKpOMeTOAoM KbeJibAaJIH; aMMHBK - AHCp(py3IIbIM
CHOCO6oM Ha rIaHIKax.
AKTHBHOCTb HPOTeo.IHTH9eCKHX C})epMeHTOB yuHTbIBaJIaCb no pa3JIOx{eHHIO
Ka3eHHa ii Bblpa>KaJIaCb B MHJIJIHrpaMMaX pa3J1o KeHHOro Ka3eHHa Ila 1 MJI
cpeAbl. HpOBOTHJIOCb Ha6JiloAeH:He 3a Mopcpo.norneii KyJIbTypbl. IlpenapaTbl
4 HxcupoBa.'Incb paCTBOpOM Kapiiya, oxpanI/IBajiacb McTH.7IeHOBON CHHeIi
(1 : 1000).
B pa60Te 6blJla HCHOJIb3oBaHa McTOAHKa KpaTKOCpOLIHbIX (HJiH OCTpbIX)
OHbITOB, KOTOpble HpOBOAHJIHCb CJIeAyioUJ,HM o6pa3OM. HecxOJlbKo 2-JIHTpO-
BbIX KOJ16 C 400 MJI nHHTaTeJlbHO}i Cpe, bI 3aCeBaJIHeb CHOpaMH. 'Iepe3 Onpe-
Ae.rieHHbIK nepxo, BpeMeHH (1-2-3-4 cyTOx) Hacrb xo,16 cHHMaJiacb, a
ApyraH - ocTasaJiacb AjIH Ha6moAerrHH 3a jHHaMHxoii npouecca. MHuejiHI3
OTAeJIHJicH OT KyJIbTypaJlbHOii x{HAKOCTH UeHTpH~yrHpOBaHHeM, MHoroxpaTHO
npOMblBa.ICH BOAoii, a 3aTeM nepeilOCH.ICH B MaJICIrbKHe KOJI6bI Ha 200 MJI,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
236 M. H. Bexrepeea, H. A. Kouuz,leKJ[aJ'IcSi Pe3KHM nOTpe6JIeHHCM
rJlIOK03bl, aMMHaLIHOro H o61uer0 a30Ta. CKOpOCTb HoTpe6JIeHH51 rJI1OK03bI
B nepeCLleTe Ha I r cyxoro MHueJIHH 3a I Liac A0CTHraJIa 97 Mr. Ha 72-oM
4acy OHa OCTaBaJiaCb CLue BbICOKOIH (70 Mr). Ha LICTBepTble CyTKH riaCTynaJi
aBTOJIH3 KyJibTypbi, LITO conpoBo>KAalocb yBCJIHLICHHCM B cpeAe o6iuero
a30Ta, a3OTa aMMHaKa H HOBbIIHCH1ICM pH. HpeACTaBJIHeT HHTCPCC TOT ( )aKT,
4To aUTH6HOTHK HOHBJISIJICSI B Cpejre y7Ke B nepBbie CyTKH pOCTa KyJlbTypbl.
AKTHBIIOCTb B 3TOT HC)HOI cocTaB.'ISIJIa 13 MJIH. yCJI, ea. CJIenoBaTeJIbHO,
HponyKTHBHOCTb MHUCJIHSI 'B nepeCLleTC LIa I Mr MHUeJIHH B LIaC 3a nepnoa
OT 12 no 24 'Jac. cocTaBJlnjla 3,961 e1., 3a nepuoj[ OT 24 1o 48 Liac. (B cpe,.-
HeM Ha 36 Llacy) npoJlyKTHBIIOCTb 6b!Jia 4,6 MJIII. yCJI. e,? Ha TPeTbH CyTKH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(4epMCHTauHH HaKOnJ7eHN5I allTH6110THKa He Ha6JitoaaJiOCb, a B aaJibHORLueM
npoHCxoJIHJIO ero pa3pymeHNe.
Ho xpHBON 6NOMaCCbl He Bceraa MO}KHO npe.1 cTaBHTb CKOpOCTb ce npH-
pOCTa, T. e. CKOpOCTb POCTa Ky/IbTypbl B KaK017-TO onpeaeJleHHblld 0Tpe30K
BpeMeHN.
~LJIA fOJiyLICHHA 6OJIee HarJIHaHOIi KapTHHbI cJieayeT npON3BeCTH paetTeT
K03(p(jHUHeHTa OTHOCHTe.,`IbHOI7 cpeaHec CKOpOCTH POCTa KyJIbTypbl. gaHHagi
Be.7HLIJIHa 0603HaLIeHa VC.7OBHO CK.
-0,14
0,12
0/,g- 05
C C
0,08 004
0,06 p03
0,04 02
3 0,02 `00,1
CK 44Mnpd
~"y\OMnp2
I ~
/ b20Mnpa
24 48 72 96 120 144
BpeMR, voce/
2,0
l00
1,8
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ti 1,2
IM 10
08
06
04
0,2
1 90
80
70
60
'Zzi 50
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8
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\5 \~ ~..o
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24 48 72 96 120 /44
Bpe.MR , vacb/
PHC. 2. )jIIHaMIIKa Hpouecca Ha Cpeje N2 I (C Ky'Kypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM JN2 1):
I -)HHTIIONOTH4eCKaR aKTHBHOCTE; 2 - 6HOMacca; 3 - rJIIOK03a; 4 - o6H(IiII a30T; 5 - aMMOHHI1-
HbIII a30T; 6 - pH; a H 6 - BPO3yKTHBHOCTb MHIle.7HH B nepecqeTe ]ia I Mr/4ac
K03(p(p'HUHeHT OTHOCHTeJIbHOI3 CKO-pOCTH POCTa KYJIbTypbI pacc1-nITbIBaeTC5I
3a I Liac Aim onpeje1ICHHOrO oTpe3Ka BpeMeHH. Ha pHe. 2 nOKa3aHO, LITO Be.
JIHLIHHa Cx no Xoay pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl Act. lavendulae pe3KO McHHeTCO
Kaic H c.neaoBaJIo o KH,gaTb, Hai60JlbulaH CKOPOCTb pocTa 6brJla B nepBble
ilacbI npouecca, a0 24 qac., H HeCKOJIbKO 3aMeJ[JI5IJIaCb B npoMeJKyTKe Me}KJjy
24 H 36 qac. CJleaoBaTeJIbFIo, nepHO,j H1-ITeHCHBHOrO HaxonuIeFuIH alIT116110TH-
Ka cOBnaaaJI c MOMCHTOM Ham60JIbLuerO 3HageHNH CK, T. e. C HaH6o.lbuie1I
OTHOCHTeJIbHOcI CKOPOCTbIO POCTa. H03}Ke CKOPOCTb npupoCTa 6HOMaccbi
pe3KO na,jajia, LITO COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO BeJINLINHe CK=O,009. B 3TOT nepHoa
MHUeJINI3 He Bblpa6aTbIBaJI 3aMeTHbIX KOJIIILIeCTB aHTH6HOTHKa. OTCIOJIa
CJIe.ayeT, LITO O6pa3OBaHHe nocJIejHero Ha aaHHOM o6pa3ue xyxypy3HOro
3KCTpaKTa 6bIJIO pe3KO CJJBHHyTO K nepBOi'l a3e npouecca H 4TO aHTH6HOTHK
CJIy>KHT npOJjyKTOM 06MeHa aKT'HBHO pacTyuzef MOJIOJjON KyJibTypbi. XapaK-
TepHble uHTOJIOrHgecKNe oco'6eHHOCTLI, Ha6n}OJI,aeMble npH pa3BHTHH KyJIbTy-
pbI Act. lavendulae, HPHBeAeHbI Ha pHC. 3--6.
HHbIM nplIMepOM CJTyxcHJIH (pepMeHTauaH, npOBeaeHHbie Ha cpe,je C Ky-
Kypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM Na 2 (pnc. 7).
OnbITbI noKa3aJIH, LITO npOUCCC (pepMeHTauHH Ha cpeae Na 2 C KyKypy3-
HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM 3HaLIHTeJIbHO 3aT5irlBaJICSI. CKOpOCTb noTpe6JIeHHSI o6LUero,
aMMNagHOrO a30Ta H rJIIOKO3bI CHN}KaJlacb. Ha LIeTBepTbie CYTKH (J)epMellTa-
IIHH B cpeae OCTaBajiOCb 6OJIbIHOe KOJINLieCTBO HenoTpe6JIeHHbIX yrJICBO,jOB
(Jjo 550%%p OT NCXOaHoro). Pe3KO OTJIHLIaeTCH OT IlpejblJ(ywHx OFIbITOB KpHBBB
H3MeHeHHSI pH. BHaLIaJIe Ha6JnojT,aJ1ocb HOAKNCJIeFIHe CpeJjbI H TOJIbKO K LIeT-
BepTbIM CyTKaM nponexo jHJIO ee noJwJ,eJIaggIBaHHe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
PHC. 3. Pa3HHTHP Act. lavendulw' 2335 Ha Cpeie C KyKypy3Hb1M 3KCTpaKTOM
(24-iacosaH Kv.nbTypa).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Pic. 5. To me, 4TO Ha pIac. 3 (96-vacoiai Kv.THTVpa).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
240 M. H. BexTepeea, H. A. Koluenecea u B. 3. X pycaio(3cKa;i
KpHBaH pOCTa KyJlbTypbl, OTpa}KalOIUaH gHHaMHKy H3MCHeHH5i 6HOMaCCbI,
HMeJ7a HCCKOJIbKO HH011 XapaKTep. tla 48-M Macy 6HOMaCCbI 6bIJIO BCerO
JIHHib 0,29 r/100 MJI, B TO BPeMH KaK Ha o6pa3r[C 1 KyKypY3HOrO BKCTPaKTa
ee KOJIH4CCTBO 6blJlo 0,45 r. HHTeH0i1BIIOCTb aBTOJIH3a KyJIbTyPbl 6bIJIa 311a-
1IHTCJIbHO 60JIbrne. Pe3KHI3 aBTOJIH3 CBH3aH C BbIAeJIeHHeM B CpC,2y BbICOKO-
aKTHBHbIX HpOTeOJIHTHUCCKHX (JepMeHTOB.
,qJIH AaHiHOH (pepMeIITa1.1HH xapaKTePHO H3MeHeHHe KO3()(t)HIIHeHTa OTIIO-
C'ITTeJIbHOIi CKOPOCT14 pOCTa KVJlbTypbI. K 48 LIaC. OTHOCHTeJIbHaI CKOPOCTb
pOCTa pe3K0 ynaJia AO 0,01 H HPO?[OJI}KHTeJIbHoe BpeMH, AO MaKCIiMyMa
HaKOnJIeHHH 611oMaccbl, OCTaBajiacb 6e3 143MCHeHHFi.
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24 48 72 96 120
BpeMA, YCCb/
48 72 96 1,90 l4 4 168 192
LipeMA, YUCbl
PHC. 7. UHHaMHKa Hpouecca Ha cpe is N9 2 (C KyKypy3HblM 2KCTpaKTOM N9 2):
1--6 11 a, 6 - 0603IIageuuH2 Te }Ii e, 4TO iia pHC. 2; 7 - nporeOJIHTH4ecKHe 4)epMeHTbI.
B nepnoa 6ypHOrO pOCTa KyJIbTypbI, KorAa CK 6bIJi BbICOKHM, aHTH6HOTHK
IIOLITH He o6pa30BbIBa.TICH. 3aMeTHoe KOJIHLIeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa Ha6JIlo]Ta-
JIOCb TOJIbKO Ha 36-vi Macy. CKOpOCTb o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HOTHKa pe3KO B03-
pacTa..Ta K 60 H 80-My LlacaM, T. e. B nepHOa, Kori a BCJIHLIHI-Ia Ko3(J(IHH;HeHTa
CKOPOCTH pOCTa 6blJla CHH)KCI-ia Jio 0,01. Ha 60-M Tlacy npO).yKTHBHOCTb
KyJIbTypbI B nepec'-ieTe Ha 1 r 3a 1 Llac 6bIJIa 1450 yc.n. ea. Ha 84-M uacy OHa
noBbicnJlacb AO 4300 yCJI. eA. HpH pe3KOM aBTOJIH3e KyJIbTyPbl HaKOnJieHHH
aHTH6HOTHKa He 6bIJIO.
B JIaj1bHeiHIHX OHbITaX IH3yLiaJIc2 XapaKTep npouecca (JepMeHTan.HII
Act. lavendulae Ha cHHTeTHUecKoH cpeAe TOrO }Ke COCTaBa (N9 3), Ho 6e3
KyKypy31-loco BKCTpaKTa. B cpe,2y ao6aBTIHJICH Cj)OC(pOp B BHAe K2HPO4. DTa
cpena OKa3aalacb HPHrO[HOII KaK JJJIH pOCTa, Tax H AJIH 06pa3OBaHHH aHTH-
61IOTHKa Act. lavendulae (pnc. 8).
Hpoi ecc (pel)MCHTaIjHH 3aKaH1IHBaJICH 3a 96 Liac. 1-1pOAyKTHBHOCTb MH-
ueJIHH B nepec'ieTe Ha 1 Mr 3a 1 Lia- 6blJla BblcoKa 1 H Ha 70-M Macy ROCTIlra-
,:ia 14 600 yCJi. e,. Kp'IIBan IIaKOnJIeHHH 6HOMaCCbI MaJIO OTJIHLIaJIaCb OT npe-
; bI LyI11HX OIIbITOB Iia cpei.e N2 2 (CM. pHC. 7), no CJleayeT 0TMeTHTb, LITO B
3THX yCJiOBHHX MaKCHMyM 6nOMaccbI i-IaCTyna.I paHee.
DTH (~aKTbI rOBOPHT 0 TOM, LITO AJIH ripouecca o6pa30BaH'HH aHTH6HOTHKa
Ii HOpMaJIbHOFO Pa3BHTHH KyJIbTypbl Act. lavendulae H3 BCeP CJIO>KHOII CMeCH
BCHICCTB, 143 KOT0pO11 COCTOHT KyKypy3HbIFi 3KCTpaKT, FJIaBHOe 3Ha'ieHHe npH-
HaAJIe>KHT ero (jOC'(~opHbiM COe,7,HHeil HHM.
C.JIeAlyeT yKa32Tb Ha HeKOTOPb1e 0006eHHOCTH H OTJIHLIIIH, KOTOpble BbIHBH-
.IHCb HPH HPOBCA0HHI1 (JCpMeHTa1IHn Ha CHHTeTH3eCKOH cpeae 603 KyKypy3-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
ku3uo.loeU keckue oco6etnocTu. Act. lavendulae 241
HOrO 3KcTpaKTa. Hpouece o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6140THKa IlpoTeKaJI B nepHOA
PC3KOr0 3aTyXaHHH CKOPOCT14 pOCTa KYJIbTYPbI. HpOAyKTHBHOCTb MiIIjeJIHH
B nepeCgeTe ma I Mr 3a I TIac 6bIJIa HaH60JIbmeli 'OT 60 Ao 96 lac. 06pa3o-
BaIIHe aHTH6HOTHKa npoMCXOAHJIO Aaxce B nepHOA 3aMeTHOFO aBTOJIH3a KylIb-
Typbl. U o 48 T3ac. pa3BHTHH BbIAeJIeHHH aHTI16HOTHKB COBCeM He Ha6Jllo,gajlocb,
B 3TOT nep1o, Ko34p(-HIjHeHT OTHOCHTeJIbHOII CKOPOCTH pOCTa KVJIbTypbI (CK)
6bIJI BbICOKHM.
BbIHBJIeHHble OTKJIOHeHHH B npoueece ((epMeHTaljHIH Ha TpeX cpeAax
noKa3bIBaIOT, 4TO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT YCJIOBHII KYJIbTHBrIpOBaHHH npouecc
o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HOTH'Ka y Act. lavendulae MO}KeT 6bITb AByX(1 a3HbIM n
OAIIO(J)a3Hb1M. B pa36lpaeMOM HaMH npuMepe Ha cpejje Ne I rpaHH Me}KAy
HCPBOII H BTOpOII (~a3aMH IIeT, TaK KaK CKOpoCTb npOTeKaHHH HepBof (Ja3bl
256 Mliii
yr
y0,1l,
IZ o' 12
0 0.10
X-0,08
0.06
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2/11(14`6 0~ Db
24 48 72 96 120 144 168
11PeMn, 4QCb/
190
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50
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20
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24 48 72 96 120
BPeMA, quCb/
PHC. 8. AHHaMiiKa Hpogecca Ha cpe2e N_ 3 (C MHHepaJlbHblM (poc(popoM). YcJIOB-
Hble 0603Ha'ICHHM Te ?Ke, 44TO Ha pHC. 2.
OTIeHb BeJIHKa. HHbIMH CAOBaMH, aHTH6HOTHLIeCKOe BelijeCTBO KyJIbTypbI ACt.
lavendulae HBJIHeTCH npoAyKTo.M 06MCHa H paCTylijeIII MOJIOAOII KJIeTKH 11
KJIeTKH C pe3KO 3aTyXaIOHIHM'H acCHMHJIHTHBHbIMH npo1 eccaMH.
Ha O6MeH BeMeCTB B MilljeJIHH, Ha pOCT KyJlbTypbl Act. lavendulae n Ha
HHTeHCHBHOCTb aBTOJIH3a 3aMeTHOe BJIiIHIIHC OKa3bIBaeT He TOJIbKO KyKypy3-
HbIi BKCTpaKT, HO H ApyrHe KOMHOHeHTbI Cpejjbl. HCKJHOTIeHHe KpaxMaJla H3
CpeAbi H 3aMeria CPO FJIIOK030fI HpHBOAH-,IH K y'BCJIHteHHIO CKOpOCTH npupoCTa
6HOMaccbl H K yCKOpeHHIO aBTOJIH3a KyJIbTypbl. Hatia,io aBTOJIH3a conpo-
BO}KJjaJIOCb TaK}KC npe;KAeBpeMeIIHbIM H jC3KHM HaKOnJleiIMCM B Cpe,,e aK-
Ti1BHbIX npOTeoJIHTHgecxnx (1JepMeHTOB (piic. 9).
B CJIeayloiueM pa3,geJle HaCTOHHjecl pa60TbI HPHBOAHTCH pe3yJIbTaTbl Onbl-
TOB NO BbIHBJICHHIO cl143HOJIOrHwCKHX CBOIICT'B MHIZeJIHH pa3Horo B03paCTa.
Onpe,aeJleHHe 6HOXHMH4eCKOII aKTHBHOCTH MHJjeJIHH (cnoco6HoCTH MHH;C-
.7IHH o6pa3OBbIBaTb alITH6HOTHK) HpOBOAIIJIOCb B KpaTKOCpOIIHbIX OHbITBX no
cxeMe, onHCaIIHOII BbIIHe B pa3jjeJle McTOjjHKH. MHIjeJIHK BblpaHjHBaJICH Ha
cpejje C KyKypy3HbIM BKCTpaKTOM H B pa3Hble nepHojjbl tJepMeHTaUHH nepe-
HOCHJICH B OAHHaKO'Bble VCJIOBHH, B OAHy H Ty ice cpe,gy; cJIe,OBaTeJIbHO,
H3MeHHJIC31 TOJIbKO Bo3paCT MHueJIHH, a HCXOj[HaH cpejja OCTaBaJIaCb BOCTO-
HHHOII. B 3TOM COCTOHJIO OTJIHgHe OT HpeAbiayHjHX OnbITOB, rjje onpeAealH-
16 TPYjt?' iirt-rz MHIKe COCTOHHHe MHUeJTMH coxpa-
HHeTCH npH nepeHeceHHI3 HHTeHCHBIO o6pa3yiolljero aHTn6HOTHTIeCK0e Beme-
CTBO MHueJIAH Ha cpejjy, He 6JlaronpH51THyJo jjJIH era pa3BnTHH (cpeja LIa-
neKa 6e3 'HCTO'-IHHKa a30Ta). fpH BTOM ero CnoCO6HOCTb o6pa30BbJBaTb
aHTH5I-IOTngeCKOe BenjecTBO He ocJla6eBaeT.
HI-IaH KapTHHa Ha6JltojjaOTCH npH HepeHeCeHHH HHTeHCHBHO CHHTe3IIpVIO-
iljero aHTI16HoTngecKoe BeMeCTBO MHUeJIHH Ha CpeJjy, 6JIarOHpHHTHy1o jjJIH
ero pa3BHTH5i (cpeja LlaneKa). B 3TOM CJIyliae B MHUC.111H 3aMeTHO yMellb-
IIIaeTCH KOJIH1IecTBO (~oc(jopa BO (I)paKUHH BbICOKOMOJIexyJIHpHblx BCLUeCTB,
rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM 3a C'IeT BeIUecTB, OTHOC 1 WHXCH K HyKJIeHHOBbIM KIIC70-
TaM, 3aTO CHJIbHO BO3paCTaeT KOJIHLIeCTBO (1Ocdj)opa BO 4JpaKgHH HH3KOMO-
JIeKyJIHpHbIX BeII ecTB, r.JIaBJIbIM o6pa3oM 3a CtIeT BemeCTB 'HC HyKJIeoTIIjjHOro
xapaKT,epa.
Ho,r MetleHHbll[ HBMH (paKT 6OJIbHIero COJjep)KaHHH KIICJTOTOHepaCTBOpI1-
MbIX BenjeCTB He HyKJIeHHOBOKHCJIOro xapaKTepa B MHUeJIHH, 6oJlee HHTeHCHB-
HO o6pa3ylomeM aHTH6HOTIITIecxoe BenjeCTBO, 3aCJIy}KHBaeT oco6oro
BHHMaHHH. He HCKJIIogeHa BO3MO}KHOCTb, HTO B KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMOf (ppaK-
UHH BemeCTB HHTeHCHBHO o6pa3yIOnjero aHTH6H0THLIecKoe BeMeCTBO MIIUe.THH
HaxOJIHTCH (~oc(popocojjep}KaHjHe coeJjHHeHMH, HpHHHMalonj'Ite aKTHBHOC ylla-
CTHe B CHHTe3e aHTH6nOTHgeCKOrO BenjeCTBa.
BbiBOjjbi
1. MHueJIHii Aclinomyces violaceus, HHTeHCHBHO o6pa3yloaUlii aHTH6Ho-
THLIeCKOe Ben eCTBO, 6oralie (poc(popoM, lieM MHUeJinII, c.na6o ero o6pa3y-
I011jHil.
2. rlpeo6Jiajjaloujee KOJIHgeCTBO (poc(popa y HHTeHCHBHO CHIITe3Hpylou4ero
aIITH6HOTHTIecKoe BeljeCTBO MHUe.1IHH npMHa,ljJle)KJT KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMbIM
BelIjecTBaM.
3. B MHIjeJIH,H, CJIa6006pa3yIOIIjeM allTH6nOTHtIecKoe BeLuecTBO, B OT.%IHLIHe
OT HHTeHCHBHO ero o6pa3ylonjero MHIjeJIHH, 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOe KOJIHIIeCTBO (pOC-
cj)opa npHHaJjJie}KHT KHC.10TOpacTBopnMbIM Ben eCTBaM; KOJIHLIeCTBO )KC (j)OC-
(Popa KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMbIX BeLueCTB B HeM, Hao60pOT, McHbHIe.
JIHTEPAT YPA
BeJlo3epCKNH A.H., 3HaMeHCKa51 Mn., .P ayTCHIIITeii H -1.H.. 0111HUO-
B a M. C., 1I P O H H K O B a F. B., P O J1; H 0 H O B a H. A. CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 6HOXNMH9ecKoe
H3y9eHHe 4yBCTBHTeJIbHbIX H yCTOHIIHBbIX K aKTHHOC)araM (popM Actinomyces globispo-
rus streptomycini Kras. BHOxHMNSI, 1954, T. 19, CTp. 326.
B C JI 0 3 e p C K H ii A. H. iH K y a a e B H. C. HOJIHCpoc4 aTbl II IiX 3HageHHe ,1JI51 pa3B11TH51
Aspergillus niger. BHOXHM1HH, 1957, T. 22, cTp. 29.
BeJl03epCKii H A. H., IUyrae13a H. B. H CHHpHH A. C. COCTaB Ae3OKcHpn6o-
HyKJICHHOBbIX KHCJIOT y pa3JIHtIHbIX BNAOB aKTHHOMHHeTOB. L OKJ1. AH CCCP, 1958,
T. 119, CTp. 330.
ry6epHHeB M.A., YrojioBa H.A., Top6ogKHHa JI.H. 0 HyKJIeHHOBbix KHCJ10-
Tax iH (poCcopHblx coeaHHeHH5Ix B MHUeJIHH Actinomyces aureofaciens. AHTH6HOTHKH,
1956, T. I, N2 3, CTp. 8.
ry6epHHeB M. A., Yroji0Ba H. A., TOp601IK11 Ha JI. H. COJepHcaHHe HyK,aeHHo-
BbIX KHCJIOT H q)occjOpHbIX cOeSHHeHH6 B MHUeJIHH Actinomyces rimosuS Ha pa3JIH' HblX
TT CTaxH5,x pa3B11TNH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1906, T. 1, N2 6, cTp. 25.
CM 51 H O B C K a 31 H. C. H 5 e Jl 0 3 e p c K H H A. H. ;je30KOHpt6OHyKJienHoi3aR KHCJIOTa
Actinomyces glohi.cporus streptomycini Krns. BHOXIiMHB, 1954, T. 19, CTp. 688.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
K y a a e B H. C. n Ben 0 3 e It c K H H A. H. H3yveHHe npH nOMOWH P32 4 )H3HOnorH'4ecK0i
po.SH no.aH4)oc4paTO3 B npouecce pa3BHTH5i Aspergillus niger. BHOXHMHM, 1957, T. 22,
CTp. 587.
M H x a ii JI 0 B C b K a T. U. UaHi 3 6iOXiMii 4pOC4POpHIHX CnOJIyK LUTaMiB Aspergillus niger
i Actinomyces violaceus HK yTBOploIoTb aHTH6ioTHKH. YKp. 6iOXiM. acyp., 1956, T. 28,
'5 4, crp. 465.
H p O K o 4p b e B a- B e JI b r o B C K a a A. A. H A e M a H o B C K a a H.C. Uwro.IOrH4eCKHe 11
6HoxHMnvecKue H3Meneana Actinomyces globisporus streptomycini Kras. npH 6HocHH-
Te3e CTpeITOMHUHHa B yCJIOBiIIBX rJIy6HHHOro KynbTHBnpOBaHHa. MHKpo6HOJIorHn, 1957,
T. 26, CTp. 22.
B i f f i G., B o r e t t i G., D I M a r c o A. a. P e n n e l l a P. Metabolic Bechavior and
Chlortetracycline Production by Streptomyces aureofaciens in Liquid Culture. Appl.
Microbiol., 1954, v. 2, p. 288.
K r i s h n a n P., D a m p 1 e S., B a j a j V. Studies on the Role of in
Molds. 11. The Formation of and 4nsoluble> Metaphosphates in Aspergil-
lus niger. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1957, v. 67, p. 35.
P f e n n i g N. Veranderungen einfacher aminostickstoffhaltiger Substanzen in Mycel and
Kulturmedium wahrend des Wachstums von Streptomyces spec. Arch. fur Mikrobio-
logie, 1956, B. 25, S. I11.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
11. B. Opa o8a. Jl. A. Tlonoea,
B. T. Maicapeau%, T. H. Bepso614er.'c
DH3HOJIOFHgECKHE OCOBEHHOCTH HPOAYUEHTOB
TETPAUHKJIHHOB
Ain116H0TIIKH - oKCH1'eTpauHKJILiH, XJI0pTeTpaUHKJIHH H TeTpaIUHKJIHH -
B 'cbMa 6JIH3KH HO CBOeMy XHMH1IeCKOMy CTpOeHHIO H JIeHe6HOMy aerICTBHI0,
TO HBHJIOCb OCHOBaHHeM JjJis CpaBHHTCJIbHOPO 143yT1eHH51 CJH3HOJIOFHTIeCK14X
i co6eHHOCTe1 Hx npo,1yueHTOB. HacT05 uax CTaTbH npeJLCTaBJ1HeT o630p HC-
c:icJjoBaHH11, HpOBe,geHHbIX B OTaCJie 4JH3HOJIOI'HH BCecO103HOro HaygHO-HC-
C.IeLoBaTeJIbCKOI'O HHCTHTyTa aHTH6H0THKOB (BHHHA).
CH3 OH Oil N (CH3)2 CI CH3 OH N (CH3)2
\-OH IF
II I II I II I I II
II ILCONH, I J I I II - CON
OH \/ \/ \/ \/ OH \/
1 I II I it I ? II
(M I 0 OH 0 OH O OH 0
OKCHTeTpa[HKJIHH XJIOpTeTpajHKJIHH
CH3 Oil N (CH3)2
-OH
/-CONH2
\/ \/ \/ OH \/
OH 0 OH 0
TeTpai;HKJMH
OnblTbi CTaBHJIHCb C Act. rimosus 8229, 118 H 293 - HpOAyueHTaMH OKCH-
reTpauHKJIHHa - H Act. aureofaciens 536, 112 H 16 - HpoJlyueHTaMH xJiop-
TeTpauHKJIHHa H TeTpaUIIKJIHHa, HOJIytIeHHbIMH H3 OTJjejia ceJIeKUHH BHI4I'IA.
YCJIOBHH BbIpaH[HBaHHH KyJIbTyp, HpOBeJIeHHe cpepMeHTaunn H McTonbi aBa-
1H30B noz[p06HO H3JI0}KeHbI B npeJJblJjyiunx pa6oTax (OpJioaa H BepxoBue-
Ba, 1957; BeJioycosa. IIo0OBa, 1958; MaxapeBHa H JIa3HHKOBa, 1959; LIIa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
252 H. B. Opnoea, JI. A. Honoea, B. r. Marcapeeult, T. 11. Bepxoet{eea
rIOTIIHHKOB, 3aflueBa H Op.nOBa, 1958). HHiKe r[acTCSI COCTaB OCHOBHbIX q)ep-
McIITaulOHHbiX CpCA AJI51 Ilo.nytieai i TeTpauHKJIHH,oB (Ta6JI. 1).
Cocmae ecxoexbIX 4beplenmat(UGHHbIX epeo dJR noAy'eftu5t mempatluKnuxoe
KyKypy3Hbin 3K-
CTpaKT* . . . .
3ona aKCTpaKTa.
Coenasl MyKa . .
KpaxMan . . . .
F n oKo3a . . . .
(NH4)2SO.4 . . .
A l 1oul(i poAauuc-
TbIII
beI13Hn pOaaHHCTbIH
NaCI . . . . . .
CaCOa* * . . . . .
MgSO4.7H,O . . .
KH_PO., . . . . .
K2HPO4 . . . . .
Sl11TapHaa KHCJIOTa
AMMHaK . . . . .
FeSO4. 711,0 . . .
MlICI2 . . . . . .
ZnSO ?711.0. . .
CI'cAbi AnS I Cpeabl Ana xnopTeTpal{IIKJ1 IIa Cpeahl Ana
TeTpal{NKJIHHaI OKCBTCTpaIINK.Uma
No I N^ ? N, 3 I No Ns 5 I NO G No 7 I Ne 3 R N^ g
2,5
0,05
0,2
0,5
2,5
0,5
0,05
0,2
0,4
0,05
0,02
0,5
3,0
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
2,5
0,4
0,2
0,4
2,5
0,2
0,4
2,5
0,5
0,2
0,5
0,05
0,02
1,0
2,5
0,2
0,5
* rlo CyXOMy BCC'.
V'I'JICKHCJIbI KdJIbgBII B epeAax No 2, 4, C,, 7 H 8 CTCpHnH3yeTCH OTACnbIIO.
3,0
0,4
0,5
0,5
2,5
0,2
0,1
0,02
0,03
0,46
0,1
0,001
0,0008
0,001
Ha HepBbIX 3Tanax Hcc.meAOBaIIHSI Ka3aJlocb ueJlecoo6pa3HblM coHOCra-
BHTb OCHOBHble f0Ka3aTeJIH npouecca HCCJIe .yeMbIX KyJlbTyp (Ta6JI. 2 H
pile. 1).
KaK noKa3bIBaeT 3T0 corOCTaBJIeHHe, npoBeueHHoe Ha cpeae C KyKypy3-
11bIM 3KCTpaKTOM, uIHpOKO npHMeH5IIOIIU4MC5I B npOH3BOACTBe aHTH6HOTIIKOB
Ict. aureofaciens o6.nauaeT 6ojiee 6LICTpbIM TeMHOM pOCTa H pa3BHT1l5I:
paHbuie HaKanJIHBaeT OCHOBHyIO Maecy MHueJIHSi, 6bICTpee TioTpe6.,JlaeT HI1-
TaTe.TlbHbie BeLueCTBa CpeAbl, 6bICTpee aBTOJIH3HpyeTCH.
HponyueHT OKCHTCTpauHKJIHHa AJTHTeJIbHOe BpeM5i coxpaHReT cnoco6-
HOCTb K pocTy, 6Jlarouapli tieMy Bee MHUCJIHSi Ao 96-120 tiac. (JepMelIl'auHH
He CHH}KaeTCSI HJIH CHH)KaeTCSI He3HatJHTeJIbHO. CyIUeCTBeHHOe pa3JIY.LIHe Ha-
6JnonaeTC51 B xapaKTepe pa3BHTHH o60nx Hpo. yueHTOB. Act. rimosus CBOI-
cTBeHeH paHHHr3 (Ha 1 H 2-e cy'rKH) pacnaa IIa CHOpbI c nocJleuyioIUeIi cMe-
Iloii nOKOJIeHHH (fIpOKOCpbeBa-EeJIbrOBCKasI, fleCTepeBa H Pyuasi, 1956).
Act. aureofaciens, HanpoTHB, HHKOraa tic o6pa3yeT rJIy6HHHbIX Cnop, m CMeH
nOKOJIennu y HerO He Ha6JII0AaeTC5I (fIpoKoq)beBa-FFeJIbroBCKan H OpJIOBa,
1956). OAHaKO 3TH pa3JIHtIHSI MOryT 6bITb B 3HagIITeJIbHOII CTeneHH CHSITbI
YCJIOBH5IMH KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSI (OpJioBa H BepxoaueBa, 1959a; flpoKoCpbeBa-
0,035
3,0
0,2
0,5
0,5
0,5
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ta6.aHua 2
XapaicmepucmuKa npot{ecca ciepMenmat{uu npoay4eHmo6 rnempauUKAUHa6
ua cpede NP 3 C 1C Kypy3Hb1M 3KCMpaKniom
OKCHTe rpauHKJll1I1 (1r/MJI . . . . . . . . . . .
XJIOpTerpagHKJ1HH ?r/MJi . . . . . . . . . . .
BpeM 1 MaKCHMaJibHOH aKTHBHOCTH, 4aCb1 . . . .
Bec MH1Ieji c gepe3 24 vaca, Mr% . . . . . .
MaKCHMa.IbHblS, Mr% . . . . . .
BpeMa I IaKCHMyMa pa3BHTHSI MHUeJIHT, 4acbl . .
YrJIeBOAb1 yepe3 48 vac., % . . . . . . . . .
BpeM I noTpe6JieHHa yr.neBOAoB, ~iacbl . . . . .
MaKCHmaJlbHee KOJIHiiecTBO 6eJIKOBOro a30Ta 13
KyJIbTy'paJIbHOH ]KH)IKOCTH, Mr% . . . . . . .
C1poAyK1HBHOCTb miium 1, ?r/Mr* . . . . . . .
2,0
1,8
/6
- 14
/2
08
0,6
Q4
0,2
1800
~ 11-
i 1200
? QI 1000
0,06
,,0,04
40,02
- /7
~ZE BpeMl7, v?cbi
8229
118
538
16
1660
930
1470
107
70
48-52
366
495
880
788
69
47
0,8
83
19,1
189
0,36
65
9,7
118
o\?N
K100
80
60
40
5?---~ 20
/02030405060708090 0
BpeMA, Yacb1
I'Hc. 1. XapaKTepHCTIIKa pOCTa, HOTpe6JIeHHa HHTaTeJlbHbIX BeH11eCTB, H3MeHeHH51 HpOTeOJIH-
TITileCKOH aKTHBHOCTH H HaKOHJIeHH5 TeTpaIUHKJIHHOB (cpe,ga C KYKYpy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM .N4 3) .
1. 1a - VPJICBOJ{b1, 2, 2a - aMMOHHNI1bIO a3oT; .3, 3a - TeTpa1[HKJIHHbI; 4, 4a - sec MHIlea1HB; 5, 6a --
]IpOTeOJIHTHgecKaH aKTHBHOCTb KyJlbTypaJlbHOIt JKH3KOCTH; 6, 6a - npOTeoJ[HTHgeCKae aKTHBHOCTb MHtle-
nHH: 1-6 -Act. rimosus 8229. la - 6a - Act. aureofaciens 536.
5eJIbIrOBCKasi H Op,nosa, 1958). C paHHHM pacnaaoM MHL[eJIHSI Act. rirl2osus
Ha CHOpbI H COHYTCTBYIOIUHM CMy aBTOJI,H30M tIaCTH rHCJ, nO-BHJI,HMOMy, CBII-
3aHO BbiaeJIeHHe B cpeay 31Ja9HTe,7TbHbIX KOJIHT3eCTB 6eJIKOBOro a30Ta. Act.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
aureofaciens BbljjeJISICT B cpe,.y 3HatIHTeJIbHO MCHblIHe KOJIHUeCTBa '6e1KO-
Boro a30Ta.
HpOTCOJIHTHtgeCKaH aK'I'IIBHOCTb MHUeJIHSI Act. ritnosus H KYJIbTypaJIbHOH
)KHAKOCTII HPH (pepMeHTauHH OKCHTeTpaUHKJIHHa 3HatIHTeJIbHO BbIIHe, tieM
COOTBeTCTByIOH1a2 aKTHBHOCTb HPH (pepMeHTauHH XJIOpTeTpalIHKJI11Ila (Op-
JIOBa H BepxosueBa, 1957).
B TCCHOf'I CB2311 C OCO(CHHOCTSIMH pOCTa H pa3BHTH5I o6elIX KYJIbTYP Haxo-
JjHTCH ilpouecc o6pa30BaHH5I aHT16HOTHKOB. HaH6anee HHTeIICHBHbIII 6Ho-
CHII1C3 Ha6JIIO1jaeTC51 B HCPHOJL 3aMCAJICHHOro poCTa HpoRyueHTOB, H Y Act.
aureofaclens off HacTyHaeT H 3aKaHtIHBaeTC5I paHbLHe, iieM y Act. rimosus.
HOC,,'IejiHHIi o6pa3yeT Bj1BOe 6oJIbLHe aHTH6HOTHKa. COHOCTaBJIeHHe o60Hx
HpO,2yUCHTOB HO HX MaKCHMaJIbHOH HpOAyKTHBHOCTH (CM. Ta6JI. 2) noKa3bl-
BaeT, 'ITO HPO]1YKT14BHOCTb MHUeJIHSI Act. rimosuS BbimIe, tieM Act. aureofa-
ciens.
EHje 6o iee cyLueCTBeHHble pa3JIH'I145I Mexcjjy HpoAyueHTaMH 6bIJIH 06Ha-
Py}KCHbI B HX OTHOHIeHHH K HCTOLIHHKaM MHHepaJlbHOrO a30Ta. BblJlo yCTa-
HOBJIeHO (Ta6JI. 3), tITO o6a OpraHH3Ma XOPOHIO paCTyT H o6pa3yK0T HaH-
60JIbHIee KOJIH'-IeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa Ha CpejjaX C aMMOHIIHHbIM a3oTOM. HHT-
paTHbi1l a30T McHee 6JIarOHpH5ITelI.
Ta62Hua 3
Pocm npody4enmce, ucn0nb3ceanue numamenbnbix eeuleeme it o6pa3ceanue
aumu6uomuicoe npu ibepMenmailuu na cpedax c pa3nuanbt,4lu ucmounuKamu
neopeanultecrco20 aroma (cpeda .1Vs3 C KyKypy3nb1M gKCmpaKmoM)
I\O II L(C I IT() a11,1151, H CtIOJIb3OB a 11NC
?r MJI
a30Ta, % Be
f
OKCHTeTpa-
1(HKJLHHa
XJIOpTf Tpa-
BHKJIHHa
aMMOHNb-
Nord
MH1(eJI HSI,
HHTpaTHO-I Mr%
r0
(N 1 I4)2S0 E
Act.
952
768
NH4CI
aureofa-
ciens
1082
802
(N H4)2HPO4
155
726
NH4NO3
1023
776
NaNO3
2 44
613
Act.
1758
833
NH4C1
ri ntosus
1553
804
(N114)21-1P04
8229
284
809
NH4N03
833
37
637
NaNO3
547
100
628
CpaBHeIlHe HPOjjyueIITOB Ha cpeije C HHTpaTHbIM a3OTOM 11OKa3aJIO, 'ITO
Act.. rimosus HCHO.1b3yeT HHTpaTHbIfi a3OT 3HatI1ITeJIbH0 JIytIHIe H CHHTe3ll-
pyeT HPH 3TOM 6oJlbwe aHTH6HOTHKa, tier Act. aureofaciens. 3TO pa3JIHtIHC
B OTHOHIeHHH K HHTpaTHOMy a30Ty oco6euHO OTtieTJIHBO Ha6JiloaaeTCSI HpH
BBC,aeHHH B cpeiiy HHTpaTa aMMOHH2. H1JOJjyueHT OKCHTeTpaI1IIKJIHHa HO-
Tpe6JI51eT B 3TOM ciiytlae O,UHOBpeMeFIHO :IBC (4opMbI a30Ta, TOFJja KaK Act.
aureofaciens HCHOJIb3YCT TOJIbKO aMMO1IHHHbIH a30T. BII070PH'IeCKIIA CMb1CJI
0;.11OBpeMeHHOrO HCH0JIb3OBaHH2 OKI-ICeIeHHOH H BoCCTaHOBJIeHHOA (1)OpM a30-
Ta, nO-BHp,HMOMy, 3aKJIIOt;aeTC51 B peryJIHpOBaHIIH p1-I, l3 nojj,uep}KaHHH era
Ha ypoBHe, 6JIaFOFlPM ITHOM jjJIH poCTa H pa3BHTHiI HpOjYIlCnTa (OpJIoBa H
BepXOBItesa, 1959a).
CJIe,jyeT OTMeTHTb, 'ITO B cpejje No 8, rite KyKypy3IIblf 3KCTpaKT 3aMe-
HCH 30JIOA 3KCTpaKTa, Act. rimosus Tep5leT CHOCO6HOCTb 11OTpe6,TIHTb HHT-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(hu3uo,loeuke.ch:ueoco6enKocru npodyyexroe TeTpMyuknuxo(
paTllblB a30T B HPHCyTCTBHH aMMOHHIIHocI COJIH (OpjIOBa Ii BCpxoBUeBa,
1959a).
Oco60e BHHMaHHe CJiejjyeT o6paTHTb Ha OTHOHIeHHe o60Hx aKTrIHOMHUe-
TOB K cpocc1JopHOKHCJIoI3 Cohn aMMOHHH. Ha cpe,Le C (fJoccjOpHOKHCJIbIM
aMMOITHeM, HLCMOTp51 Ha XOpOHIHi pOCT npo]JyueHTOB, H09TH He Ha6JIIOJaeTCa
o6pa30BaHHSI aHTH6H0THKOB, HTO CBH3aHO C OTpHUaTe.'IbHbIM B,,THHHHeM
Ha 6IOCHHTe3 TeTpaUHKJIHHOB 6oJIbHIHX KOJIHLI?CTB MHHepaJlbHOro (cOC-
(popa.
H3yoICHHe BJIHHI-IH51 Ha npOUeCC c epMeHTauHH pa3JIHLIHbIX (JOp1'I OpraHH-
LIeCKOro a30Ta (pa3JIHLIHbre 6eJIKH, nenTOH, aMHHOKHCJIOTbI) nOKa3a.,10, LITO
OpraHHLIecKHI3 a30T HCnOJlb3yeTC}I npO)l,yueHTaMH TCTpaLHKJIHHOB. Oc06eHH0
JlerxO pacluenwlSleT 6eJIKH Act. rimosus, o6Jiajja1on i BbICOKO1i npOTeoJIHTHLIe-
CKOII aKTHBHOCTbIO. OAHaKO B CJiyLIae HCHOJIb30BaHHH OpraHHLIecKHx a30TI3-
CTbIX BeL]CTB B KaggeCTBe eAIIHCTBeHHbIX HCTOLIHHKOB a30Ta TCTpaUHKJIHHOB,
KOK rlpaBHJIO, o6pa3yeTCi McIIblile, LIeM B cpejjax c aMMOHHI1HbIM a30TOM.
IIaH6oji HHTCHCHBHbI13 6HOCHHTe3 Ha6JIloJjaeTCH B HPHCYTCTBHH H MHHepaJIb-
HOPO H opraHHLlecKOro a30Ta.
O6bILIHO B KaT1eCTBe HCTOLIHHKOB opraHHLIecKoro a30Ta HPHMCHBIOT 6eJIKH
paCTHTeJIbHOrO npoHcxo)KJjeIlu 1 (KyKypy3Hbti 3KCTpaKT, coeBylo H apaxaco-
ByIO MyKy, XJIOnKOBbIII H fOjCOJIHCLIHbIIf X{MbIXH H T. II.) KaK HaH60JIee ,oo-
C.TYHHble H JjeHleBble 14CTO14HHKH CbIpbq (OpJIOBa H KotieTOBa, 1954; OpTOBa,
LIy1aK H BepxoaueBa, 1955; Op.noBa, BbILixoBa H IIOCTHOBa, 1956; IlonoBa,
1958; Kau, 1958).
I4ccjie,aOBaHHe BJIHHHH51 pa3JIHT4HbIx yrJIeBOJ oB Ha (pepMeH'raunlo TeTpa-
UHKJIHHOB nOKa3aJiO, LIT0 nPOJjyUCHTbI 3Ha1IHTeJIbHo pa3JIHLlalOTc9 H HO OTHO-
IIIeHHIO K HCTOLIHHKBM vrJIepoJja (Op,ooBa H BepxoBueBa, 1957). Act. ritno-
SuS paCTeT Ha cpeJjax C KpaxMaJIOM, MaJIbTo30Ii, FJIIOK0301i, raJIaKT030II, rHJj-
pOJIOM, FJIHuepHHOM H MaHIIHTOM; Act. aureofaciens 110 cpciax c raJIaKT030Ii
H MaHHHTOM HO paCTeT. 06a npo,gyueHTa He c6pa)KHBaIOT JIaKT03bI H Caxa-
p03bI. HaH60Jiee 6blCTpo H3 HCCJIeJjOBaHHbIX yrJIeBo.L oB noTpc6.iIHeTC5l rJIK)-
K03a: OHa rlOJIHOCTbIO HCLIe3aeT y}xe K 45 tiac. (1epieHTauHH. B COOTBCTCTBHH
CO CKOPOCTb1O rIOTpe6JieHH51 yrJleBOU0B HaXO. HTCB H JOCT HpoayueHTOB -
60JIee 6bICTpbI6 Ha cpeje c FJI1OK030fl m 60Jiee McJJieHHbI6 - Ha JjpyFIIX Cpe-
xax. O,allaKO, ecJIH HHTeHCHBHoe fOTpe6JIeHHe rJIIOKO3bI HO OLIeHb pe3KO
BJIHHCT Ila CHHTe3 xJiopTeTpaUHKJIHHa, TO OHO OKa3bIBaeTCSI Pe3KO He6JIaro-
npH59THbIM JIB o6pa3OBaHHB OKC'HTeTpauHKJIHHa, HO-BII.HHMOMy, B CBSl3H C
6o.iee UJIHTeJlbHbIM Act. rimosus nepaoJ oM pOCTa H 6H0CHHTe3a aHTH6HOTH-
Ka. 143 UpyrHX HCTO4HHKOB yrJlepo, a npo,oyueHTbl TeTpauHKOMHOB HCHOJIb-
3yK)T TaK)Ke opraHHLIeCKHe KHCJIOTbI H )KHpbI (OpJIO!Ba, 1957; Ilonosa, BeJro-
3epoBa 'H JIeBHTOB, 1955; Ilonosa, JIeBHTOB H CTenanoBa, 1954).
143 HCCJIeJjOBaHHbIx KHCJIOT CTHMyJJHpylonjee BJIH5IHHe Ha 6HOCH'HTe3 OK-
CHTCTpaHHK,1IHHa H xJIOpTeTpaUHKJIHIIa OKa3bIBaeT MOJIOLIHa5I KHCJIOTa
(Ta6J1. 4).
COJjep}Kau aJ cB B KyKypy3HOM 3KCTpaKTe MOJIOL1Ha5I KHCJIOTa, BepOATI-IO,
HMeeT TOK)KC HeKOTOpOC 3HaLIeHHe .LUw 600CHHTC3a aHTH6HOTHKOB. OJ[Haxo
KO,TIHLIeCTBO Ce B KYKYPy3HOM 3KCTpaKTe HeUOCTaTOLIHO VJI5I o6pa3OBaHH5I
\4aKCHMaJlbllor0 KOJIHLIeCTBa OKCHTeTpaUHKJIHHa, H JJOHOJIHHTeJlbHOe BBeje-
HIIe ee B Cpejjy npHBO,LHT K CTI4MYJI5IUHH CHHre3a aIITH6HOTHKa (Op.noBa H
Bepxoauesa, 19596).
OnbITbI HO BJIHHHHIO )KHpOB Ha (4epMeHTaHHIo HOKa3aJIH, 'ITO Jjo6aBJ1e-
11H0 )KHPOB K cpeJjaM, co)jep,}KamHM He, OCTaTOLIHOe xoJIHLIeCTBO yrJIeBO,10B,
yCHJIHBaeT pOCT npoJjyueHTOB H CTHMyJIHpyeT 6HOCH1ITe3 TC'rpaUHKJIHHOB,
OC06eHHO y Act. aureofaciens. CTHMyJlHpyloujee JjeACTBHe )KHpOB B 3HaLIlI-
TeJIbHO6 CTene'HH 3aBHCHT OT YCJIOBHH a3pauaa (Ta6.m. 5), yCHJII-IBaeT pocT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
256 H. B. Opnoea, JI. A. Ilonoea, B. F. Matcapeeuk, 7. II. Bepxoetmeaa
Bnusinue xolomoU Kucnombt na o6pa3oeanue xitopmempagwcauna
u oxcumempaq
uxituna
KOJI
j(o6a
H4ecTBO
a.nenuoO
KOHneHTpagna
aHTH6HOTHKa
M OJIO4H OcI
KHCJIOTbI,
Iir/MJI I% OT KOHTpOJISI
0,0
478
100
0,5
567
129
0,0
480
100
0,2
675
140
0,0
460
100
0,2
640
139
16
0,0
506
100
0,2
550
108
Act. rimosus
822'9
0,0
1817
100
0,4
2612
144
Act. rimosus
118
0,0
2440
100
0,2
2880
118
To xce
0,0
2920
100
0,2
3410
117
Act. rimosus
293
0,0
1320
100
0,2
1860
141
Ha cpeJje C MatIOHpOjjyKTHBHbIM 3KCTpaKTOM IIocJIe yAaaaeHHH H3 HCrO H36bITKa He-
opra13n4eCKOPO doc4opa. Ha XopouJeM KYHypy3HOM 3KcrpaKTe nOAOH{HTenbHOro 3(I4eKTI
He no.aygaeTCa.
IIPO1[YLICHTOB H CTHMyJIHpyeT 6HOCHHTe3 TeTpaUHKJIHHOB, ocO6eHHO y Act.
aireofaciens. CTHMyJIHpyIou. ce -1eiCTBHe )KHpOB ,B 3HaLiHTeJIbHOI3 CTerieim 3a-
BHCHT OT VC.TIOBIIH a9paiuIIH (Ta6JI. 5).
CmuMynupytou;ee aeucmeue noacoitneunoeo Macm
na 6uoeunme3 xaopmempaqutcnuna cum. Ns 536
e 3aeucuMocmu om ycROeuu aspaquu
(cpeja N 3)
KOHIjeHTpagHa
K OJI HeCCTHO
a JIOpTCTp aI{HKJI H Ha
MaCJIa. %
Vr/M.II I % K KOIITpOJIIO
0,5
1440
200
0,0
720
100
0,5
1140
175
0,0
650
100
0,5
450
90
0,0
500
100
HO CKOpOCTH HOTpe6JIeHHH ?KHPOB IIpoJ[yueHThI TeTpaumKJIHHOB pa3Jn-lga-
IOTCSI UOBOJIbHO pe3KO: Act. rimosus HCHOJIb3yeT )KHpbI HHTeHCHBHee, 'ieM
Act. aureofaciens (Ta6,n. 6).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
dJU3U0A021juecnue oco6eHHOCru npodylleHToa Terpa14ulciunoa 257
Ta6n1ILI3 6
TIompe6?eHUC nodcorne,lnoeo mama npo(9ytjcHmamu
mempa9urcnuH0e
BpeMu IepM uraqull,
vacbi
Act. oureofac/ens . . .
Act. rimosus . . . . .
U 1 48 1 TI,
0,50
0,50
0,43
0,27
0,410
0,07
IIOTpe6al-n0
M acJ7 a. %
Or 1ICXO,1liOro
Koji I1'ICC'rncl
C 3TIIM, IIO-BIIJ(HMOMY, CBA3a11 TOT (3aKT, 'ITO IIpu IIpOI13BO,1CTBc. OKCII-
'1CT])a11HKJIHIIa HpH HCHoraLuellHll paCXOJI,yeTCB 31Ia11HTCJIbHO 60JIbWe }KHpa,
TICM HpH HpOH3BOJICTBC XJIOpTCTpa11HKJTHHa, XOT5I HO HHTeI1CHBHOCTI( BCHC-
HHBaIIHSI KyJ1bTypaJIbHble }KHJJKOCTII 06OHX IIpO,RyilCIITOB pa3IIBTCH
HC311ar114TCJIbHO (Aa31111KOBa H Op,'IOBa, 1957).
CyujeCTBeHHy1O pOJII, B HPOLICCCaX (bepMCHTaLHH TeTpaIu1KJI1111OB HI'paCT
HeopraHH9ecKHfl (l)oc(1)op. YCTalloBJIello, 'ITO OT KOHue1ITpauHI1 HeopraHH=Ie-
CKOro (POc4)opa B CpCJLO 3aBHCOT CKOpOCTb HOTpe6.ICIIJIB yrJICBOJIOB, 06pa-
3OBa11II0 KHCJIOT, xapaKTep pa3B11THB HpOAy11e11TOB H 6HOCHI1Te3 TeTpaull
KJIHIIOB (BeJIbrOBCKaH, IIO0OBa H up., 1957; MaKapeB11l1 H JIa3HHKOBa, 1959;
flpoxO(pbeBa-be.JIbl'OBCxaSI H OpJioBa, 1958; Op.noBa H BCpxOBueBa, 19596;
llpOxo(pbeBa-BeJIb1'oBCKaB Ii f1orOBa, 1959). ,JIB C1111ITe3a MaKCIIMa,gb11blX
K0JIHIIeCTB TeTpauHKJIHHOB Heo6X0;'1HMa CTpOFO OHpe,re.1e111IaH KOIIDe1ITpa1Hn
IleopraHHoIecxoro (poCq)Opa B cpeje (Ta6Ji. 7).
Ta6.-t11LL a 7
Onnu/MaabuaH Kon14cHtnpa/4us/ doe opa 0.4A o6pa3ceaHUA
mempat4uxnuno6 a 3a6UCUMCCmu 0171. ycnoeuu cpepMenma9uu
A1IT116110T I1K IIITaMM
cpc;ib1
OurumajibIIall
06b Cm 1 K0 IIiIC IITp al11!H
CPC;kbl, HeopratimiccKoro
Mil P a CTBOpCH lioro
Ipoc$opa, Mr %
OKCIiTOTpa-
118
125
2,0-4,0
LjI1 KJ11111
118
125
5,0-6,0
118
125
5,0-6,0
293
125
7,0-9,0
h.nopTCTpa-
16
100
3,5-5,5
g1IKJlliii
536
100
3,0-4,0
536
100
3,0-5,0
TeTpa-
16
100
1,0-3,0
1j11K."I111I
16
100
2,0-4,0
3Ta KOH11eHTpaLHB MO)KCT McIISITbC51 B 3BBIICHMOCTH OT 11CIIOJIb3OBaHIIbIX
IHTaMMOB, COCTaBa OepMCHTaUI1OHHbIX 11 HOCCBIIbIX Cpej111 OT yCJIOBH1i OepMeli-
TauHH (fIpoKo(pbeBa-5eJ1broacxaH 11 fIonoBa, 1959; Op.1oaa ii BepxoBueBa,
1959B). YBeJIHIICIIHe KOHUeHTpauHH HeopraHIIrICCKOPO (j)oC(3Opa B cpejje Bbl-
HIe ?onTHMaJIbIIOFi BJIe1ICT 3a Co6OH YCKOpeHHe POCTa HcTpe6:IeTIl[SI yr.IleBOJOB
It VBe'111rIC11He (poc(~opa B MH1ICJI1111, r.7aBIIbIM o6pa30M 3a Crier IIyKJIeHHO'BbIX
17 Tp3',jb1 Ill-T,9 MHKpO6HOJ1OrU1f, eb:H. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
258 11. B. Op,iooa, 21. A. 1lonouu, B. T. AluKapcODU, T. 11. Bepxoege6a
KIICJIITT, a I aKiKQ y'l iHLIC I1IC xO:1u Iecl'Ba opra,I1u1ICCKHX K11CJI'OT B KyJIbTypa.'Ib-
91oit }KU;JKOCIII (15c1oycoBa if lo1noBa, 1959: 3aHucBa it O?paona, 1959)
(pm,. 2, 3).
1000
900
800"
600
500
400
300
C
200
0
4 aC6r
PBc. 2. B,,m2HBC HCOprau}I4CCKorO (roc(popa Ha J)OCT IlpoJjyueHTOB, HOTpe6JIeHHe yrJIeB0,LOB,
H3MeHCHHe pH H o6pa3oBaHHe oKCHTeTpauHKJIHHa H SJIOpTeTpaLHKJIHHa. 1, la-TeTpauHK-
JIHIIbI; 2,2a yrJICBOAb1; 3, 3a - BCC MHueJIHA; 4, 4a - pH; 1-4 - OnTHMaJIbHoe coJjep-
)KaHlie HeopraHHVeCKOro (4oc(~Opa H cpeJje; 1 a -- 4a -- nOBbuueHHoe co jep3KaHHe. I--Act.
rirnosus 118; II -Act. aureofaciens 536.
CTeneiib yrxeTexxH 6HOCHHTe3a 3aB11CI1T OT x36bITO'IIIblX KoII-
uein'pauiin HeopraHnueexoro c~occpopa 11 yC.T0BHI3 c4epMeHTauHH (puc. 4,
Ta6,a. 8 it 9).
Ta6auiua 8
BnwRxue Kont{enntpat{uu neopcanu((ecKcoo cpoecpopa e epede
C xyKypy3nb1.u srcemparcmom tin 6u(cuume3 mempa811KRUx06
KoHi(rHTpa-
1(HA (~OC()O-
pa, Mr
VrHCTCH1iC
611oCH1ITl'-
Act. rirnosus 118
OKC B TOT pa Jill K:111 H
2940
1520
Act. aureofaciens 16
XJIOpTeTpauIBKJIUuI
1320
872
Toa;e
TCTpa uHK.'IHH
1340
820
B psl;ue cpe;;, Kposle paCTBOpelntoFO sl1111CI J1bHOrO (JocOopa, npH-
CYTCTByeT TaK}Ke CB513alnib1H (JoC4)op, r)IaBHbIM o6pa3oM B BH,i[e (poc(j)aTa
KaJIbitHo, o6pa3vI011Wroc51 B HpOUecce npuroTOB,neHHu it CTep1JJlH3auH1t
epe W.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
0113u0/loeutlecKue oco6eHHocru upodylleHToa rerpat4uKnuH0o 259
Ta6nnua 9
BnuAuue HeopeaHugechoeo r?OCc/Opa Ka 6uccuu-
mee mempaquKnuxa Act. aureojaciens 16
na cpede c KyKypy3HbIM 3KCinpaK!OM (cpeda .N 1)
e 3aeucuMCemu cm ycnoeu6 aspaquu
PaCTeopeel-
06bCM
Cpl' b,I, Mn
1Ih16 1liopra-
1I19CCKJJ9
% OT KOHT-
$occliop, Mr%
Pon13
2,0
1100
100
12,0
4166
42
2,0
1100
100
12,0
366
33
B HpoueCce pa3BHTHA aKTHHOMHueTOB y}Ke B nepBble CyTKH Ha,e7' HHTeH-
CHBHOC HOTpe6JIeHHe paCTBOpeHHOrO (4oc opa (Ta611. 10). HepaCTBOpeHHbI4
HeopraHHq{eCKHfI (poCq)Op HCHOJIb3yeT41 o60HMB npo,1yueHTaMH B McHbuIe)
CTeneHH.
Ta6nHua 10
J uuaMuKa nompeCuenun neopeaxu'iecKoeo ifterpopa
Act. aureo-
1aciens 16
Act. rimo-
sus 118
N
CpCAbl
449.
1689. 1
929.
1116
pacTBOp. (Pocq)op 3,35
0,05
0,1
0,3
CB513aHH. N 0
,72
0,21
pacTBOp. > 3
,2
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,1
CBH3aHH. > 3
,1
2,54
2,68
1,84
2,52
ffpl{Be,aeHHbie MaTepHaJlbI ,aIOT OCHOBaHHe CLIHTaTb, tITO JIJI}1 6HOCHHTe3a
aHTH6HOTHKOB OCHOBHOe 3Hat{eHHe HMeeT paCTBopeHHbic HeopFaHHtieCKHc
q)OC(JOp, KOTOpbIfl.6bICTpO MO6HJIH3yeTCH npOJjyUeHTaMH H O{Ipej[eJI57eT CKO-
POCTb pOCTa, HCHOJIb3OBaHHe H HanpaBJleHHe o6Mena yr.JleBouOB, xapaKTep
pa3BHTHB npoayueHTa (OpJIoBa, BepxoBueBa, 19596). 06cJIeaOBaHHe pa3Hbl.,(
napTHR KyKypy3HOro 3KCTpaKTa HOKa3aJIO, tITO KatIeCTBO 3KCTpaKTa B 3Ha-
1{HTeJIbHOI4 CTeneHH onpeJ eJl5IeTC5{ co)jep}KaHHeM B Hem HeopraHHtieCKOjo
()oc(~opa (BeJIbrOBCKa5I, fOHOBa H ap., 1957; MaxapeBHtl H Jla3HHKOBa,
1959; Op.rioBa H BepxOBUeBa, 19596; fIp0KO(jJbeBa-Be,,fbroBCKa51 H floHOBa,
1959). Ha1160Jice npOJIVKTHBHbIMH gBJIHFOTCH 9KCTPHKTbl, KOHUeHTpaH.HN MH-
HepaJlbHoro q),Mc opa' B KOTOph{x He npeBb{HIaeT 0,9-1,5% (Ta6.n. 11).
HpH HCHOJIb3OBaHHH 9KCTpaKTOB, 6oraTb1X MHHepaJlbHbIM (JOC(pOpOM,
MaKCHMaJIbHoe o6pa3oBaniie TeTpauHKJIHHOB MO}KeT 6bITb o6ecnet{eno H3Me-
HeHHeM 103HpOBKH 3KCTpaKTa B cpeue, CB513bIBaHHCM H36bITKa HeopraHHtle-
CKOrO ())oc(j)opa HJIH BhIB0J1eHHeM ero H3 3KCTpaKTa (MaxapeBHtl H Jla3-'
HHKOBa, 1959; OPJIOBa H BepxoBueBa, 19596).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
260 N. B. Opnooa, JI. A. Ilonoea, B. T. Matcapecuc1, T. H. Bepxo8i eea
Bauanue KyKypy3noeo ~i cmpa ina na 6uccUn/ne3 inenlpa-
gUKJ2UH06 6 386UCUMCCr71u oaa coOCp.xcanun 6 aKcntpaklne
neopeanu'iCcxoeo Occcpopa (epeda J1_, 1)
Co,jep>KaHHC HcopraHHgccKOro cboccpopa
B 3KCTpaKTe, o
OKCIITCTpfUI1KJ1HH, (1r/M3
(fUT. 118, cpeAa M3) . . . . . . . . 1560
- 3100
X,nopTeTpaquxsHH, Iar/n1A
(HIT. 16, cpeAa ,N 5); . . . . . . . . 212
1 1016 1583
(WT. 536, cpeAa Nt 3) . . . . . . . . 6U
- 77(1
TeTpaulu
U
-1 ?-r 3-r 4-H
q'030
u J
Pnc. 1. l3bICTpoe nepeMemlIBaHHe (CKOPOCTb KavaHnu
80-200 o6/MHH)
400
40
300
30
7
200
20
100E
10
Q
3-.e 4-A 5-R
O'a3a
Pnc. 2. MelinenHoe nepeMeluHeaHne (cKOpocTb KagaHHH
60-80 06/MHH)
149019
900
u 80
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
72 96 120 144 168 192
6peMA , vac61
Pnc. 3. O6pa3osaHue nenuun,n,nnua P. chrysogenumn
HHMI4-243 iipii pa3.nFtvHOii cKOpocTn uepeMemHBaHHH:
.1 - 6bICTpoe nepememnnanne n npouecce acer'i 4epmenTannn;
2 - mea.acunoe nepememeBaHne n nepnble 48 'iac. 4cpmenTautw.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
PIic. 4. Kpa41 rAy6HHFO{I KOJIOHIfn, BbLpa^.IeHHGN IIpH Me,L ICHHOM rIepeMeHIH-
BaHI11I (npH}KII3HeHHa2 OKpaCKa He31TpaJlbHOli KpacHoil).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
PHC. T. Rpaii r.ny6uiuHOii KOJIOHIiH, BblpauieHHOH Hpu 6bICTpOM nepeMewII-
I aHHH (HPH){H3HeHHafl OKpacKa HeiITpaJibHoii KpaCHo i).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B c.ie,gyiownX oilbiTaX MhI CTPeMIIJIHCb C03uaTb TaKHC yCJIOBHH, KOTOpb1P
bbl He, JjaBajili Bo3,Nlo; :HOCTH (4Opn4HpoBaTbC11 MHI),eJIHaJIbllb1M Inapl1KaM
(r:lv'6HIIHbTM KOJIOHHSIM), T. C. fOJIy'IT'ITb MHLUCJIHFI B BIIJLC OTJ.ICJIbHbIX I'II(j).
B3HCIIICHHbIX B fHTaTCJIb}IOM cpeie.
J.12 3TOr0 Mbl nOJIb3oBa:IIICb KYCOUIKaMH CTCKJIa pa3JIHlIHOR (JOPMbI (tea-
pliKaMlt IIJIII HaJIOtIKaMH pa3.AHUIH0ro Beca), KOTOpb1e HOMeLuaJIHCb B OHbITHb1(
KO:16bl Ha 250 CM3. F.IaI'O.gap5i KPYFOBOMY JjBH)KeHH1O )KHJjKOCTH B KOJi6a\
Ila Ka'IaJlKe, CTCKJIO HepCMeuiaJIOCb HO AHy m pa36HBaJIO MHUCJIHaJIb11y10
MaCCy, He JjaB39 o6pa3oBblBaTbCH IIIapHKaM. flpeI(BapHTCJIbHbie HCCJIeJjOBa-
Ii1151 110Ka3aJIH, IlTO i3CC H (popMa CTCKJIa, HPHMeHHeMOTO RJin nepeMeIHHBa-
irce MHueJIHaJIbHOIO MaCCbi, oaa3brBaIOT 6o,Ib[Hoe BJIHHIIHe IIa XOJj (jJepMeHTa-
I(HH. TaK, CTCKJIO B ()OpMe LHaPHKa BeC.Ohi B 1,5 I' BbI3bIBalIO 6bICTpbI1i aBTO-
0113 MHIjCJIHSI. hoJiee Me,IKOe CTCKJIO TOii }KC (1)OpMbI HC r aBaJIo 3aMeT110r0
3(p(7eKTa. )KeJlaeMblli THH POCTa MHI);eJIIH MbI noJiytw.IH npH nepeMeHIHBa-
IIH11 O,JHOH CTeKJi51HHOI3 naJIO'IKOfl BCCOM 1,2 I' H UJIIIHOI3 1,5 CM C uonepetl-
IIbiM CetieHHeM 0,5 CM.
1'13 H1TepaTYPHbIX J[2HHbIX (Rolinson, 1952) H3BeCTHO, tITO y HOFpy)KeH-
1101I Ky,1bTYPbI P. chrysogenum nOTpe6HOCTb B KHCJIOpOJ[e H3MeHSIeTCH B 3a-
I3IICHMOCTH OT BO3paCTa MHIjeJIH51. IIOTpe6JleHHe KHCJIopoaa, OtieHb HHTCHCHB-
HOe B TetleHHe HepBbIX 48 tiac. pocTa KyJIbTypbI, K 72 tiac., Koraa HapaCTaHHe
MaCCbI MHueJIH51 npeKpaLuaeTC51, pe3K0 naaaeT H aajiee J[ep)KHTC51 HOTITH Ha
0JjHOM ypOBHe, HeCKOJIbKO CHH)KaHCb K KOHIjy (JepMeHTaUHH.
YCHTbIBa5I H3MeHeHHe HOTpe6HOCTe}i rpH6a B KHCJIOpOJIe, MbI yljaJisij1H 113
OHblTHbIX KOJ16 CTeKJI51HHy1O naJIO'IKy tiepe3 48 qac. OT HaeaJia (pepMeHTa-
HHH. fIpH TaKOM cnoco6e pa3MeIHHBaHHSI He Ha6JI1OJjaJIOCb paHHero aBTOJ1H3a
MHUCJIHSI. 143 aaHHbIX, HPHBeJ16HHbIX B Ta6JI. 3, BHRHO, 11TO B onbITHbIX KOJI-
6ax, rge nepeMeLIIHBaHHe rpH6a OCyLL1 CTBJ15IJI0Cb npH ygIaCTHH CTeKJI5IHHOIi
IiaJIOteKH, tlepe3 24 tlaca OT Hat-IaJIa (pepMeHTauuH Ha6JHoILaJIC5I HHTtiaTbIfi THH
pOCTa MHLICJIH51 (pHc. 6), B TO BpeM51 KaK B KOHTPOJIC K 3TOMy BpeMCHH yiKC
o6pa3OBaJIHCb MHueJIHaJIbHble LHaPHKH (pHC. 7). KaK y)Ke 6blJio CKa3aHO.
eepe3 48 tiac. OT Haea.la (pepMeuTauHII CTeKJIHHHaH naJIOti,Ka yaaJISIJiaCb
113 xoJ16bi, H C 9TOI'O MOMeHTa yCJIOBH51 B KOHTPOJ1e H OnblTe CTaHOBHJIHCb
oJJIIIIaKOBbIMH. O, HaKO pa3JIHtiHbie YCJIOBHSI KyJIbTHBHPOBaHHH rpH6a B Hatia-
JIe (1)CPMeHTaIZHH CKa3aJIHCb Ila BCCM J[aJ1b1Iei4ueM ee xoge.
BAuRxue xapaKinepa nepeieutueaxun xa ?op iy eny61,11Mtx KOnonuu, dJttuy
It tuupuny KnemoK Mut(eJ1uH
CJIOHIIB HCpe-
MCWHHaHHA IIa
Ka1iaJlKr (180 - 200
o6'MHII)
B TC'ICIIHC IlepBbIX
48 ~iac. B KOJI6e
IIaXOJJHJ1aCb CTe-
KJIHHnaa naJim-
Ka
H0Taaibl i
Hill
Pa3Mephl H (}la3OBOe
COCTOHHMe KJICTOK 4CpC3
72 9aCa
Lump NHa A HHa
KneTOK, KJIC TOK,
YHAOTHCHIie Fo(l) B pblXJ7ble
o6pa30BaHHR THna WapuKOB
EKOHTpoJIb (603 CTe-' i~FI11C?7 Ha JI b- Halla.90 aB-
KJIHIIH01i IIaJ1011- lible Ha.'104KII.T0JI1I3a B 11eH-
KH) Tpe WaPHKOB
ABT0.-IH3 B RCHTpe 4,96
IIIaPHKOB
rlpeoC-
Jlapaw-
H1aH
(pa3a
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B1.uRHUe nepe -we!uucaHUSi Ha pa3BUT(Ie Pen. chrysngenum HHAII!-243 271
Puc. 6. 11111 lajI Nil run porra rpni6a vepc3 21 Baca OT Haea,na (k: ,yiLitiaunu
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
PHC. 7. 11JIOTHbIFI ulapuK 143 MHgeTIHH 4epe3 72 rlaca OT
Hagajla cpep MCHrauHH npi 6bICTpOM HpaluetIHH Ka~laJIKII
PHC. 8. PbIx,9ble Mllue.waJIbHble o6pa30BaHIM TH,Ia IIIapHKOH ' epe,
72 ~laca OT Ha,Ia.aa cpepMeHTa uiII Hpu nepeMemHHamm rpH6a eTe-
KJ11HHOfi I laJIWIKOII
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BliupHue nepeAIeuiuaaHUA Ha pa38urue Pen. chrysogenum HHMH-243 273
MHueJIHII 72-tIaCOBOro BO3paCTa B OIIbITHbIX Koj16ax HMe.7I BHA pbIXJIbIX
MHueJIHaJIbHbIX o6pa3oBaIIHII THHa LHapiKOB, JIerKO pacHa,a,aIoIwlxcH Ha OT-
ieJIbHble rHcf bI (pI4c. 8). B RaJlbHei ueM TaKOI[ THH pocTa MHUeJIHH 6yuei
Ha3bIBaTbCH KHHTLIaTbIM> . B KOHTpOJIbHbIX KOJI6aX B 3TO BpeM51 HMeJIHCb
HJIOTHble LHapHKH, B UeHTpe KO"I'OpbIX Ha6.Tuoj[aJIOCb HaLIaJIO aBTOJIH3a
(pHc. 9-11).
fIpH H3MepeHHH JIJIHHbI H HIHpHHbI KJICTOK MHUeJIH5I OKa3aJIOCb, TIT0 HpH
HHTLIaTOM THHe pOCTa MHLIeJIHII 6bIJI 3HaTIHTeJIbHO 'TOJII I.e (6,6 [[), a KJIeTKH
erO KOpoTIe (12,78 F.I), TIeM HpH 06bITIHOM poCTe MHUeJIHH B BHue LHapHKOB,
rue HIHpuHa rHCp 6bIJIa paBHa 4,86, a J JIHHa KJIeTOK - 28,5 ? (Ta611. 3). 3TH
pa3JIHTIH5I MO)KHO o6"b5ICHHTb TeM, LITO HpH HHTtIaTOM THHe jOC'Ta yJIyTILHaeTCH
o6MeH BelljeCTB rpH6a C OKpy)KaloLUe i Cpejjoli.
rIpH HHTP-IaTOM pOCTe MHuejIHH 6HOMacca OCTaBajIacb HOTITH TaKOYI we
(Ta6J1. 4), OJHaKO HeHHUHJIJIHHoo6pa3OBaHHe HpOTeKa.Tio c 6oJIbHHe(I HHTe.H-
CHBHOCTbIO, H CpOKH (lJepMeHTaLjHH COKpaI1IaJIHCb jjO TIeTbIpex jjHell, BMCCTO
H5ITH-LHecTH (pHc. 12).
Hmcon zeHue neiw uR,?uHa e cpede e 3aeucu.uocmu om xaparcrnepa nepeMewueanuR
LIaChI OT HagaJla cpepMCHTagHH
7. CJIOBHH HCpCMC-
IHHBaHHH IM Ka-
yaJIKC (180-200
o6,MHkI)
1 TegenHe oep-
Bblx 48 gac.
B KOJi6e Haxo-
AHJIaCb cTeK-
.:IAHHaH HaJIOg-
Ka
KOHTpOJTb (6c3
CTeKJIIHHOH
IIaJ1o KH)
44 I 72 I O0 I 130 I 1-'4
BCC MIIIjC-
AKTHB- ]
BccmMqc-
AKTHB-
AKTHBHOCTh
AKTHB-
BCC muuc-
JIHH, r
HOCTb, M. C
JIH51, F H
OCTb, bf. C.
IIa CyX0H BCC,
M.C.
II OCTb, M. C.
JIH51, r
0,7520
650
0,9685
925
955
850
1,185
0,9184
400
0,9402
580
616
790
0,9620
CJIe,aOBaTeJIbHO, Ha euHHHUy CyXOFO Beca KOpOTKHII H IHHpOKHII MHIjeJIHI3
> 6bIJI aKTHBHee B CMbICJIe o6pa3OBaHH5J HeHHUHJIJIHHa, qeM
6o.nee aJIHHHbIIl H y3KHII.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, pbIXJIbII3 LLIapHK, COCTO81uJHII 113 KOPOTKHX rHC!), 6ojiee
HAM McHee OJjHOpOJIHbIX HO HX C!H31IOJIOrHTIeCKH B03paCTHOMy COCTOSIHHIO, HMeJI
SIBHble HpeHMyuleCTBa Hepejl HJIOTHbIM LHapHKOM. 3TH HpeHMyni.eCTBa CB83a-
HbI C 6ojiee paBHOMePHbIM HOCTyUJIeHHeM HHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLUeCTB K KJIeTKaM,
c 6oJIbLHHM COHpHKOCHOBeHHeM KJIeTOK C KHCJIOpOJIOM H C 6ojiee paBHOMep-
HbIM CO3peBaHHeM BCeII MaCCbI KJIeTOK MI3ueJIHH, COCTaBJI5I10LUHX pbIXJIbI[3
HIapuK.
11OgBOjj5I HTOFH HOJIyIIeHHbIM gaHHbIM, Heo6xoJIHMo OTMeTHTb, T-ITO HyTeM
H3MeHeHH5I cnoco6a HepeMeLHHBaHHSI rpH6a B HaT-IaJIe ero pa3BHTH1I MO}KHO
HOJIy'IHT'b pa3JIHTIHb[1I HO MOp4JOJIOFIHH THH pOCTa rpH6a - KpyH'Hble HJIH McJIKHe
rJIy6HHHb[e KOJIOHHH, HHTT3aTbIH XapaKTep pocra.
YCJIOBHSI HHTaHHH H CHa6}KeHH5I KHCJIOpOj1OM KJIeTOK MHUeJIHSI, 000TaB-
JISIIOLI1HX rJIy6HHHyIO KOJIOHHIO, HepaBH03IeHHbI BHYTPH KOJIOHHH H CHapy}KH
ee. r103'TOMy BHyTpH rJIy6HHHOI[ KOJIOHHH KJIeTKH MHUeJIHH ROCTHralOT 6ojiee
18 Tpyahi HH-Ta MHKpo6HOJIOr}H, Bbin. 6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
PHc. 9. Ha,ia.,o ar3TOnH3a B ueurpe II IOTHb(x lI(apUKOB (~ICpe3
1-2 iiaca OT Hagiajla (jep MPH ragHH).
PHc. 10, To )Ke, 4TO Ha pHC. 9 (vepe3 96 Sac. OT Havana
4)epMeHTaIUHH),.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
BJIURHne nepeMemueatiuR na pa36UTue Pen. chrysogenum HHMH-243 275
PHc. 11. To >Ke, ~ITO I[a puc. 9 (lIepe3 144 vaca OT Hauajta (~epMeHTa1tHtI).
3pe.;10F0 ClH3HOJIorH,iecxOrO B03paCTHoI0 COCTO5IHH51. I.Iy6HHHa5I KOJIOIiH5I
;Ui(pCpepeHUHpOBaIIa Ha KJIeTKII pa3JIHiIH0IO C~H3HOJIOI-HtIeCKH BO3paCTHOFO
COCTOAHH51. TaKaSI J[HC~7C~)CpCH141Ia14HSI MHIICJJII51 3UBHCHT OT BeJIH'-IIIHbI My6HH-
Ii0H KOJIOHHH. fIpH HHTI-IaTOM THHe pOCTa ITPOHCXOJUHT 60JIee paBHOMepHoe co-
3peBaHHe MH14eJIHR, H K.IeTKIf HaXOASITCH B OJLHOpOJ4HOM B03paCTHOM COCTO5IHIIII.
900-
850-
600 -
750
70
65
600
55
500
450
400
350
300
72 96 720 144
n neMn , aacb1
PHc. 12. I41ITcHCHBHOCTb o6pa3oBaHHH HeHHILHa.Tmua
M114CJIueM rpuoa P. chrysogenum B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT xapaKTepa HepeMeHIHBaIIHa:
I j01IO,111TITe,lbHOe nepeMCinHBaIIHe M1rgejn11T CTeKJI,HHOi
Ha.'iO'IKOIi; 2 -- 067.I'IHOC Hepe%ICIIIHBaHHe.
,JAB IIOJIy'IeHHSI 6bICTpor'O BbIXOJ B HeHH14HJIJIHHa 60JIbLUoe 3HaLIeHHe HMe-
eT q)H3HOJIOrHqeCKH O,i4HOpoJuIOe COCTO51HHe MH14eJiHSI B OHpeJ4eJIeHHbie q)a3bl
CFO pa3BHTH5I.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
B yCJIOBH51X Me)iJieHHoro Bpau1eHH51 KaHaJIKH rpH6 P. chrysogenum
HHMI4-243 o6pa3yeT KpyHHble rJIy6HHHble KOJIOHHH, HMeIOIUHe HepaBHOIjeH-
IIOC (4H3HOJ1ornIeCKH B03paCTHoe COCTOBHHe MHIZeJIHB.
B BTOM CJiyliae B O6pa3oBaHHH neHHU14JIJInHa yLIaCTByIOT He Bce K,JIcTKH
MIIItCJIHB, a TOJIbKO Ta LIaCTb H3 HHX, KOTOpaB no CBOeMy q)H3HOJIOrHLIeCKOMy
CoCTOBIIHIO cnoco6Ha CHHTe3HpOBaTb HCHIIUHJIJIHH. flpH 3TOM npOHCXOLHT
60Jiee McJZJIeHHOe o6pa3oBaHHe neHHUHJIJIHHa. Hao6opOT, B yCJIOBHBX 6bi-
CTpOI'O BpalljeHH51 KaLIaJIKH HJIH npH nepeMCHIHBaIIHH npH HOMOLILH CTeKJIBH-
IIbIX 6yc HAeT (4OpMHpOBaHHe 6o.nee oAHOpOAHOro MHIZeJIHB, KOTOpbil{ j[aeT
paHHHH 14 6o.iee BbICOKHH MaKCIIMYM HaKOI1JIeH4B neHHULHJIJIHHa. TaKHM
o6pa3OM, H3MeHeHHC yCJIOBHII a3paU1,HH H nepeMeIHHBaHHB oTpa}KaeTCB Ha
xapaKTepe poCTa rpH6a, LITO, B CBOIO OLIepeJfb, onpeJ[eJIBeT cnoco6HOCTb rpa-
6a P. chrysogenum I4IHMI4I-243 CI11Te3HposaTb neHHI1,HJIJIHH. OLleBH?illo,
BbICOKHH BbIXOJ1 HeHHLUIJIJIHHa B npouecce C1epMeHTauHH MO)KHO noJIVLIHTb
I'OJIbKO npH HaJIHL114H CTaJUIHHO-OjjHOpOJ(HOH M ICCb1 MHIteJIHB.
BbIBOJjbI
I. YCTauOBJieHa Koppe:IBL[HB Me}KJ[y Be;mgi Hon H (1)OpMOH FJIy6HHHbIX
KOJIOHHK P. chrysogenum If1IMH-243 H CrIoco6HOCTblO rpn6a K o6pa3oBa-
HHIO nCHHUHJIJIHHa.
2. (DopMa H BeJIHLIHHa KOJIOHHH 3aBHCHT OT cnoco6a nepeMemBaHHB
MHL[CJIHH B Ky.1bTypaJIbn01-I aKHJJKOCTH.
3. Hai geH onTHMaJIbHbIi'i Cnoco6 nepeMenlHBaHHB rpn6a (IIpHMellcHLIe
CTeKJIBHHbIX 6yc), npH KOTOpOM J[OCT14raeTC51 HHT'iaTbIR 'rmi pOCra MHIjeJIHB.
floc ie yaaJieHHB CTeKJIBHHbIX 6yC MHI1,eJIHI/ o6pa3yeT pbIXJIbUC IHapHKH.
4. B MOp4)oJlorH1leCKOM oTHOIUeHHH MHUCJIHII, BbIpaIueHHbIn yKa3almiIM
cnoco6oM, 6ojiee OanopoXeH H 6blcTpee o6pa3VeT neHHUH.TJIHH, LIeM npH Apy-
rHX Cnoco6aX KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHB.
.IHTEPATYPA
13 M HI C H C u K H ii A. A. OT6op aKTHBHbIX pac Penicillium. H3R-BO AH CCCP, 1951.
H e p 0 It 0 B a M. H. BJIBAHHe xnwHUecKoii cTpyKTypbl VrjieBOAOB Ha pa3BHTne H pOCT NHI-
ue,nHSi Penicillium chrysogenum 14HMI4-243. MmKHbIM (j)aKTOpOM, MOryIIIHM yCKOPHTb HaKOHJICHIIC KOMHJIeKCa,
J40JI}KHa HBHTbCB FJIy6HHHaSI KyJlbTypa Hares, ACJIOB13H Pa3BHTIIH KOTOPOII B IHa-
CTOHIItIIl,I MOMeHT H3VHaIOTCSI B JIa6opaTOP1111 HOBbIX aHTH611OTHKO3.
1. BbIHCileIIbI yC77OBiI51 pa3BHTH5I TiarH B HCKyCCTBeHHOir KyJbType.
2. KyJlbTypa dares pa3pyruaeT KJIeT11aTKy 3a IHeCTb MCC51UCB IIa 20%.
Pa3JIHHHble LLITaMMbI Hares pa3pyLHaioT 3a I I McCSIIiCB 6epC3OByIO JtpeBeCHHy
B Cpc,tHeM Ha 25%, a oJIbxOByIO -- Ha 33%.
3. 1-10 XHMHTICCKOMy COCTBBy HaPOCTbI TIaFH 113 pa3HbIX I'COrpaCj)HTICCKHX
paHOHOB MaJlo OTJIIIHalOTCSI T pyr OT ,7pyra. I-IaH60JIbLHee KOJIHHeCTBO BOAO-
PaCTBOpHMbIX coeanflciIHH HMeCT OJIbXOBaB Tiara.
4. Oca> gaeibrf HHLMeHTHbI13 KOMHJIeKC Hai-ii, OTHOCHHjeIICSH K BbICOKO-
Ho.nHMepHbIM COC,TjHIIeHHHM THHa ryMHIIOBbIX KHCJIOT, o6JIajjaeT (4H3HOJIOrH-
TICCKHM gefCTBHCM H HMeeT aOBOJIbHO HOCTOSIHHOC COOTHOLHCHHe BXO)4SIWHX
B Hero apOMaTHiICCKHX KHCJIOT.
5. B YCJIOBH51X HCKYCCTBCHHOfl KyJIbTypbI 'Iain HHI'MeHTHbliI KOMHJIeKC,
HJfOHT141111 II HpHpOJtIIOMy, 06pa3yeTCSt TOJIbKO Ha cpe;tax, co,gep}KaiitHX
HaTHBHbIM IIHFHHH.
6. HpmmemiHe TaK Ha3bIBaeMOI'O 6140JIOrHTIeCKOrO JIHFHHHa, I',ge CB5I3b
JIIIr'HHHa C KJICTHaTKOId 6blJla HapyIIleHa, yCKOpHJIO 06pa3OBaHHe HHrMeHTHO-
I'O KOMHJICKCa BJ4Boe.
13 o a a a p u e B A. C. TpvTOBble rpudbl EBponeHCKOii nacres CCCP it KaBKa3J. 143a-110
Ali CCCP, 1953.
B a H H H C. H. Jlecnaa 4HT0naT0.norHa. JIeHHHrpaa, 1938.
1'I B a H O B H. H. McTOabI CJH3HOAOI'HH it GHOXHMHH paCTeHHH. JIeHHH1-pa3, 1935.
K a T a e B C K a H H. H. rlara. Tp. CH6HpcK. HHCTHTyra C.-X. H T1eC0B0acTBa, 1929, T. 10,
Bbtn. 1, 39-48.
JI a it H H H. H. K Bonpocy o JleneHHH paxa HapOaHbIMH CpeaCTBaMH. JleneHHe paxa Ha-
cToeM TpvTOnm
B. H. JIIaltotlinleKO6. (1)n3110,10rf5 o6MeHa BelueCTB MHKpOOpraHH3MOB-OCHOBa pa-
IIII0HaJibHON TCxH0'10ri111 IiCnOJIb30BaHiHH iix B IIpOH3BoACTBeHHbIx rlpou'eCCax . 5
Al. H. AletlCellb. CTpyKTypliair (!)n3iio.IOPHK MTIKpO6HOR KJIeTKH . . . . . 13
H. ,u. 11c1)l/Ca,tl1JICKUU. 0 3aKOHOMe,pHOCTBX pOCTa 11 p23BIIT11B MIIKpoopraHH3M0B - 20
F. Al. c1 p('HKc'.7b n Al. K. lVctp?ICHKO. CooTHoraeFne )iC IUy 3 HCprCTN9eCKnMIT IlpOUeC-
CaBII V neKOTOpbix o6aliraTllbIX It (j)aKy'.ThTaiIIBHbix alai)pc160B . . . 38
3. F. P(I3y11OC3CK0i. 0 3HBBBCH1II1 KOI!UeliTpaunii BCIijeCF'B IIIIT3TeJIbHOii Cpe,bt Iipii
OKIIC.IeHlllt Cop61ITa AKCyCHOKHC.iblMli 6BKTCpIIBMli 6
M. C. /1011lpiHCK(l;l. (I)I13110JIOrnH 6aKTCpHli CKOJOFO Crioco6a npOH3BOACTBa y'KCy'C:I
If IIX nO.ro}KCHHe B CiICTeMe poAa Acctobncter 52
II. Y. Bece.708, 3. 1'. 1(y3KC(10(3a. 0 ( II3IIO.TOritrICCKOii poJlii o6pa3oBanliiI MO.rlo nHOi'1
rniCJIOTbI roMo(4epMeHTaTnnHblMli M0.TO1IHOKUCJIbIMH 6aKTCPHHMII . . . 1;1
Al. P. FuAUt.iuii . BJiMIHHC HCKOTOpbiX q)BKTOpOB Ha pa3BI4THe it 611oxiiNuiieCKHC C130!1-
CTBa MOJIO4fiOKIICJIbIX CTpCIITOKOKKO'B B MOJIOKC 11 CbIpC 72
Al. B. fe611lle,u1t. rlOTpe6HOC'Ib it nilTaMliliax It CHIITC3 HIKOTOpbIX BHTa'viiII1013 rpyll-
Hbi B y Ky.TbTyp Streptococcus luctis i10
F. A. Hoeuiro(,a, 9. A. IleTpouu, B. iI. Vint omi it E. If. ceorbunooa. 06pa30B IHlie
lliaueTllJla if auu('ToliHa MO.TO4HOKIIC.TbIMi1 CTpeilTOKOKKaMH 87
B. B. cIuIiututj it II. 1'(. Ko.viaHci uR. O6Meti a30Ta y HOBOii pa3HOBH UIOCTII ClOStri-
diunt butyricum PrazrHowsky, npoayunpyiomeii 6yTHJIOBbl(3 cnnpT . . . 93
E. A. Patu6a, T. A. FaAKUHU, H. H. 3axapo6a u M. B. KaeaHcKaR. BHOxnMH4ecKlle
II3MeHCHIII1, Ha6Jiio. acMble A' HeKOTOpbIX 6aKTeplili KIinIC4IHOII rpynnbl 13 IbpOTMCCCC
HX H3MCH9IiBOCT11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1(1'
3. It. Tc'.teezmu a 3. C. Ct(llptt O(3U. BJ(H$I,HIic opraHH'lCCKiIX BeU.I,CCTB Ha HHTCHCHHOCrI,
oKnC.ieHnt nporiana y Mycobacterium lacticoluin if Pseudornonas sp. iii)
1. l1. XVl11)0(3CKr(Il. 0 (I)II3nO.TOrn4CCKOii Ilpilpoae CnHTe3a IIIMOHHOII I KHCJIOTbI V AS/)('I-
gillus ;tiger Mich_ I (S
Y. 1ya.1au/nuKO(3. Bnoxui i'iccs!ue n (j113i(0JI0rn1lCCKHe Oc05CHH0cTH rpiba Aspergil-
lax oryzu(' 31 13a11AHtic ycaon(iit era Ky.,7bTHBnpoitaHllu B nPOHI3BO.JCTBe Ha o6pa-
30BaHne aMF40JIIITngICCKIix Ill npOTeOJIHTHBecKHx llepMCHTOB . . . 1:i'
P. B. OCHUKcoea u E. A. ,7tadt4aToea. AMH.TOJIHTHBccKaH aKTHBHOCTb Aspergillus
oryzae npn BbIpaIUHBaHHH Ha IiCKyCCTBCHHbIX cpe.uax . . . . . . . III(
B. B. BRTKUH. B'lIIAHnC coiie11 MaCHn ti Ha (f)epMeIITaTIInHyIO aKTIIBHOCTI, FJIy61iHHOii
Ky,TbTypbi Aspergillus niger 150
F. Al. IHauuloactcub. BJIiIIHBe )Ke.ie3a Ha CIIHTC3 pH6o(~.TaBHHa if JjbixaTe,lbHble cacTe-
Mbi Apoxcxceii Candida Guilliermondii 157
A. B. J7o3uHo6 u B. A. Ep tiakerKO. (DH3HOJIoraueCKne 113MeHeHHSI Saccharomyces
cerevisiae IIpH a.aFlTauHH K NaF 165
M. A. Ka/CIOCIcnbtu. Cop6uH5i Apoxt)cei BOJIOKHaMH ueJIJIIOJI03bI H ee 3Ha,ieHne npH
c6pa3KHBaHIIH CyJII 4HTHbIX n[eJIOKOH .
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
JI. T. Horxutia. BHOXHMHYecKHe OCHOBbI CymKH x Ie6onexapHbtx jpoxtxceii . 183
E. A. 17Aeealco. B.IIHHHHe KOHBCHTpaUIIH HHTHe IbHbIX BeLUeCTB Ha CKOpOCTb 1OCTa
. pomxceL-caxapOMHBeTOB HpH K}'JIbTIIBIIpommni H HX 110 Bo3Aylnuo-npHToOHOMy
cnoco6y Ha Me.naccoBbix cpe,iax 195
3. 3. apy6,7Rxeti, H. H. Trcaueitlco, 3. T. I1oaxosa. Oco6exxocTlI e6paxcnBallnsl ipe-
BeCHblx r1IApOJIH3aTOB ,apoxcxcaMH Schizosaccharomyces Pombe . 203
C. dl. Bpun6epe, E. H. Cypuxoea, B. A. Cecepua, 0. 3. Tpa6osclcaR u T. II. Tpuxlon.
CpaBHHTeJIbHOe q) H3HOAonHt1eCKoe nCCJIe.IOBaane HITaMMOB Actinomyces strepto-
mycini B CBH3H C 611oCIIHTe3oM CTpe1ITOMHBHHa '''1',_'
T. B. Ka3aucKa. u E. A. Andpeeaa. BJIHBHHe a30TIICTbIX C~paKBH}l COeBO3 MyKH 11
HeKOTOpbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha pOCT II 6HOCIIHTe3 CTpefTOMHUHHi . . . 225
M_ H. Bexrepesa, H. A. Kocueaeea u B. 3. XpscaHoecrcaR. IJH3HOxornrIeCKHC oco6eu-
HOCTH Actinomyces lavendulae B CBB3H C yCJIOBHHMH KyJII TIIBHpoBaHnA . '23 k
H. A. AeaTO6, H. M. chedoposa u Jl. A. TaJaxuna..UIIHaM~HKa cpoc~opcojepxtaulHx
BeuleCTB MHueJIHH Actinomyces violaceus B CBB3H C ero clnoco6110CTbIO o6pa3o-
BbIBaTb aHTn6HOTH9eCKoe BelIleCTBO 2415
H. B. Opnosa, JI. A. Honoea, B. T. Maicapesuu, T. 17. Bepxoseyeea. (bHSHoaorIolecKHe
oco6eHHOCTH npoAyaeHTOB TeTpaLHKJIHHOB 251
H. M. Hepoxosa. BaIMRHe IlepeMCHIHBaHHB Ha pa3BIITHe Penicllllum chrysogenum
I'IHMI-1-243 1I o6pa3OBaIIIIC HM ncHHUHJIJIHHa 2(ti~
0. R. Husrcoscxaa, H. M. Mun.osa, A. H. ILluepuna, E. B. .7oBRZUUa a E. T. Hnaro-
xosa. K BOnpocy 6HoJIorHH H 6HOXIlMHH KV,nbTypbl =Iar1I 277
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
4~H3HOJIOrHH H 6HOXHMHSI MHKPOOPfaHH3MOB
Tpydbl IIHCTUT!Ta xuKpo6uo,toetIU, (3wn. 6 (c6opHuK pa6oT)
YTeepaOeno K ne'aTu
IIHCTUTyTOM MUKpo6uoA.oauu AKaOeMUU Hay,c CCCP
PeuaKTOp M3J aTe~bcTBa E. J. Py(5ar
TexHx'tecKBt3 peRaKTop T. A. Acraqbbeaa
I'IICI) All CCCI' J' 109-50B. C)lano B Ha6op 4/VI 1959
IloJLnncauo K ne'iaTH 23/X 1959 r. cDopmaT 70X108'/1e.
I le i. 1. 18 = 21,66 ycm. nc . .n.= 22,7 y4.-H31i. .1.
Tnpa:K 2000 9K3. T-10376. Man. .Nh 3765.
TBH. 3aK. No 3513
I13naTe.T1,cTBo AKaaemHH Hayx CCCP
MOCKBa. 5 G2, IIo;lcocenaatii nep., 21
2-si TBnOrpajMHB I'I3J[aTeJlbCTBa
MOCKBa, F-99, IlIy6BHCKH nep., 10
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
CTpx-
H 11 Lk a
175
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+ o6bl4HaH FJ IOKOaa.
CpeAa + Cow
KHCJIOMOJIOqHbIX
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
15 p. 90 K.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
AI{AAEX HII H A Y H CC CP
TPYAbI HHCTHTYTA rEOrPA DHH
LXXVII
MATEPHAJIbI II0 rEOMOPWOJIOrHH
H IIAJIEOrEOrPADHH CCCP
21
PABOTbI
HO CROP OBO-IIbIJIbAEBUMY
AHAJIH3Y
1959
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
T 11 1
1;X\1'I
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1959
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
ruercmncllnhlii
aOI:'fOj1 I'corp (~11f~1CP,I:ItS 11 ill I:
13. 1!. T P 71q
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
lipE'jIiC.-T013TIEE
IIaCTOJI1T 111 I3LInyCH KMaTepnaJloB 110 reoMopf1oJToriul it nalleoreorpaCiiU1
CCCP> m;.'I1O'Ia0T 13OCeM1, CTaTe11, 13 OC1iOBy KOTOPbIX IIOJIO)KCHbI gaHHble, HOJIy-
'ICHlllile B HpOEeCCe HOJIeBbIX pa6OT H ImmepaJlbHbix IICCJ1eAOBaIiI11, IIpOBe-
jeIiHbIx Jia6OpaTOpllei'I CHOpOBO-IIbIJIbi[eBOro aHaJII33a IIHCTIITVTa reOrpaCuiii
All CCCP.
,2IBe nepBbre cTaTbll cooopimEa - B. II. I'pl'iyHa it 3. H. I7y6orniloii -
IIOCBHIueHbI pemeinllo cTpaTlirpacJJH'1ecHllx IIpo6JieM. CTaTbn B. H. Fpnuyxa
1;acaeTCH Bonpoca o rpaIlliue Me?KJry TpeTHiIHOii n =IOTBepTI1MI]Oii CIICTeMaMH,
yCTaxaBJlnBaeMo i Ha OCHOBe naHIeo6oTannYecKHx gaHHLIX. BOnpoC 3TOT
B lIOCJIeJJ11110 FOAM mIIpOI,o J1;IICHyTIIpyeTC51 HaH B COBOTCIIOII, Tali ii B 3apy-
6e H1ioTI JIIITepaType, HO BCC BbICICa3bTBaBIIIIICCH AO cerO BpeMelill TO'3HII 3pe-
111IH OCHOBbIBaJIJICb FJIaBHLIM o6pa3OM Ha aHaJln3e Ha.Ieo3O0JIorlplecKIIx II
reojlorn'IeCKnx MaTepiiaJIOB. B CBH31I C BTIIM HpuBJIeHeine 11JIH pemeHIIFI aroro
IlOnpoca naJIeo6oTaHII iecICIIx MaTeplIaJIOB IIBJIJIeTCH 6e3yCJIOBHO nHTepeCHbIM.
B CTaTLO 3. H. Fy6oHITHOiI n3JIara1OTCH pe3yJIbTaTbI naJleo6oTaHIigeCIioro I13-
yxielTIIH i1eTBepTIr 11TAX OTJIO?KeHnYI CeBepHOI3 HaCTII 3anaJ Bo l Cn6npii, H geJIaeT-
CII IIOnbITKa pa3pa60TI;II HIOBbIX HPHeMOB HHTepnpeTal[llll pe3yJTLTaTOB cnopo-
rlO-TIbIJ1bI(eBOro ana 11I3a. 3Ta CTaTbTI IMeeT Ile TOJIbIO TeopCTlTLIeCI:Oe, 110 11
lipaKTHgIeChOe 3ITaHemie, Tai Kar yCTanOBJleHne CTpaTnrpaO1TH OTJIO;KeHHF1
:)TOii TCPPIITOPIIII IIco6xoJjnMo J>;JIB pemeHna MxorJIx Ba}KHbIx 3aJ;a I .
CJIegyrou ne -qeTblpe cTaTbII - E. A. MaJlbrlnloil, P. B. lJe,IopOBOii 11
Al. X. MOHOC3O11 - TIJICIOT M%IeTOJ;I1gecInI7 XapaKTep. B 1114X OcBeuI aIOTCII Bo-
HpOCbT 0 3aRoHoMepiiOCTHx BO3Aymroro nepenoca HbIJIbALI H Cnop H 11THX
(JOp111IpOBa11IIB CIIOpOBO-IILIJIJ,1 eBblx CIIe1TpOB B yCJIOBITHX HyCThnlb. Ile1BOMV
113 3THx BOHPOCOB HOCBI1ll exa o6mnpnaH JIIITepa'rypa, B OCHOI31I0M oCBen aio-
Igan Iia'IeCTBeHIIyIO CTOpOHy yHa3aHHoro npouecca. B CTaTb}X P. B. (De,[opo-
BOil II M. X. MOIIOC3O11 IIpI113O,1JITCa jaIllllm 0 KOJIII'ICCTBeHIIMIX 3aKOHoMeplio-
CTHX Irpoiiccca, 11 IIOJTOMy 3T11 CTaTb1I IIMCIOT CyH ecTBenHOC 3Ha'IeIIIIe ;AJ1B
yrJIy6J1emin HamIlx 311a1111ii B 3TO1I o6JIaCTII. 'ITO IiacaeTCB npopecca c opMH-
POBa1111H CHOpOBO-IILI IbIJCBEIX CHelcTpOB B nyCTblllrIX, HCCJIej 0Bamilo HOTOp0TO
IIOCBBrgeua CTaTbn E. A. MaJIbrInioii, TO ;AO CITX HOP B JI1ITepaType OTCyTCTBO-
ra:rll Kamie-JIH6o ja1I11bre HO 3TOMy BonpoCy.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
3a jiiogaioiuue c6opHhIK cTaTbII P. B. IIa,gopOBOii Ii M. X. Mo11oc3oii no
MopI oJIOr!III IIbMJIbI[bI II CHOP neKOTOpbix coBp3lIdHHGIx paCTelillii cojepa aT
cBe,1eHHa, HOo6xoUImble ,"{JILT orpe,,1cJIeHIIH IIbI:IbqeBbIx II CaOpOBbIX 3epeII
B IICKOIIae'Om COCTOIIIIIIII. aHIIbIC, coo6raombie 3TIIsIII aBTOpaMi, IIecoAnleII-
110 6yj1,yT CnOCO6cTBOBaTb pacmupeallio Bo3MSO?KIIOCTH BIIJ1,OBbIx onpeAeJIeHIIii
JTIIX paCTeHII1 IIPII CIIOpOBO-IIbIJIbIAOBODI aiia:III3e.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
A J EMHFI HAYR CCCP
1959 TPYJJ,bI IIHCTIITYTA PEOPPADIIII Biinyci 77
B. 11. FPIILIYI;
Ilr3i I iji rrmri IJA 1111EEIII,MIICro 11E1iR) IA (CIICTE111bl)
II EE CTPATIII'PAgji'IECh0E 110JI0diEI1IIE IIA PYCCb1011
PABHIIIIE
HI'HIIHI1IIb1 EbJJIPJI1,:111u i tIETE.EFThLI1[C1-0 IILI'IIUJIA
LBOIIPOC 0 1111 1IICi1 rpan111je 'ICT1',epTll'll10ro nepnoAa, 11CCIIOTpn na er0
TCopeTIlzleCCOe II nparTIi iCCree 311a'lenne, go Clix nop Cnte 01;01i'1aTeJlb1JO He
perllcil, har I1313eCT110, 011 InnpOI;O o6cymjaiCn Ii 1032 r. Iia 11 I;oIIOepcuullil
I\1ea1;Aynapo;lloii accoiitaijt111no 113y'1eil1l1o '3CIP('pTn'iuOrO Ileplio a E13poub1
B CBI1331 c pelilei iienl o neo6x0A11niOCT1J cocTal3Jlennn nlearRy1iapoLJoii I;apTbl
'IeTBCpTII'11]blx OTBO)I;CIII11i. Fla 3TO11 I;ollOepellll,11n, Ii COOTIIPTCTIiI111 CO 133FBi
;tail]! 60:11.M11UCTBa 1icc:ieAOBaTe:leii, 6b7-10 pemen0 IipouOAIITh iiin cuioio rpa-
Ilnrjy 9TOli C1ICTeA1LI 1111;he oT Io;oelulii 3110x11 n11111Ae:lbcuOrO OJIeAeneillln (npn
3TOM nplln1AIaTlocb, ']TO 1111111,-3eJlbci;0My OJIerenerl111o AJrb11 COOTBeTCTByIOT
ApeBneiirllee o.nelenenile Pyccroii paBIIuI1bi 11 a:lbcTepcl;oe oJleAenenne Ce-
Bepo-repnlalici;oii IIn3nlennocTn) I.
'laxoe cTpaTllrpa(j)n'Iecl;oe IIOJloaI;e]lile IiIiar11e1I rpalliii hf'IeTlicpTn'11101I Cii
CTCMLI ];ar o(Illjna lblloe pemelilie Die?i;Ayuapo;1i0ii roll(jiepeni uii 6bi io iip11
nlTO B CCCP 11pli Bcex C'bei\10'1l1b1x n Apyr]Ix reo:lorn'Ieci;i x pa6oTax a iicc ie-
AoBanllnx. 13 OTIIOJiIeilllll Bne.7e1jl111l;OBOii o6JlaCTn npnulepno B 8TO are Bpe11In
CTaJ10 o61ltenp111JnTbin1 (ncXOAn B OCI1OB110n1 Ili pa6OT A. It. IIaBL]ona) npOBO-
A]ITi, -,)Ty rpalliluy no n0A0mBe 6aI;nncrnx 0TJI0?rer11iI1.
OAnai;o B Aa.abllenmel,l, no nlepe nal;oIiueimn Aaiinblx, no-noronly OCBC-
ntalOnjllx' TO 11Th Inlble n10IIe11Tbl iICT0pi1i 'ICTI epTI'Inoro Iiepllosa, ti J111TepaTy
pe cTa:111 IIOnI3JIITl.Cn BLICI;a:3I,iu j111n 0 neo6xog1imoCTn i(pllyTbcii l; pacCn1oT-
pe11111o BOnpoca o ero nnal;ncii rpauune. I1p11 3TOV B ra'ic-CTBe Tal;Oli rpaimAbl
o6bl'ulo ripeAnaraarcb Apyrue CTpaTlirpa n'ecrlle rop11ao1ITb1.Ii oc06ennocTrt
nu!Oro'111CJIen]ibllln CTBJ111 Tarlie npeAJioareilni B ilocJleAiii e roAbl.
riOnlnnlo o6cya;Aeuiin 11 pn;je 0TACJlbublx CTaTCii, Bonpoc o rpanllrte ilex;Ay
TpeTn'I11bin1 11 neTnepTn'11Jbin1 nepnOAanin paccnlaTpiit aulcn na XV I11 cecenil
Mex;Aynaponnoro reonorll'Ieci,oro l;onrpecca n 1948 r. B J1onAone ii Ira
XIX ccccilil B 1953 r. B A.i uilpe.
C31CTenlaTn'1PC1;IIli 063op Bcex Ony6JII11;olIannbix nlarepIla710B, OT1iOCnIIt11x-
cn 1; Aaimoii npo6.ienie, npeACTarJiBeT 6oJ11m11e TpyAIlocTIl yme B CiJ1y cnoeii
o6mnp11ocT11 (Aaal;e ecJIII orpainl'InBaTbcn COBeTCKOii TJIJTepaTypoii) If ne IBXOAIIT
B Ilamy 3aAa'3y.0Tn1eT11n1 T0JIb1;O,'ITO aBTOpBI COOTneTCTBYIOMIIx pa6oT, ncxoAa
1 B 'ieTBepTn'1ny1o CIICTCAly BEJ11o9aJlacb TaMEe ToJiala oTJon{ennii, ]IenocpesCTBeiJJIO
npeAmccTByloninx 3TOii Jtelttrnronoi} Onoxc (rip eAneJnn 11oB1,Ie oTJIMM111n).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Ili paaJll'IHbIX npHHr IHHaJ1blIblx coo6paalielillii II 11OJIb3yslCb paanblliu nia-
Tepua:ianllr, Hpex1 TiaraloT HpOBO3SIITb aTy rpauin y no canbiM pa3JIHHHLIni
C'I'pa9'llrpa(IIL'Iecnun ropII3OIITaM, llaBnuaH O'r CCpejjlIHbi HJreiiCTOJjella (ecJni
61)aTb ime.TioLullii B o6ujelpl11I HTbIx pailnax) II lcolIBa51 MIIIo1I CHOM Bls'IIOHHI-
TC.I1,110. OTO paalloo6pa3Ile TOBCi 3pe1111A xOpOII[0 Bblpaall:llf. 1~. HunoTIaeB,
VraaarunIii, 'ITO (B IIaCTOalgee BpeMMH ripHjj JI1I MOH;H0 IlanreTlrrb imuyIO-moo
cTpaTnrpal1uuechylo rpanuiiy yrealcjjy 'leTBepT1I'1HOii H Tp(Tll'1II0ii cIICTeMaMlll,
ni' BOBTOpnri VHW pauce cioe:raIrulax Hpe;jJloxcelulii> (1950, CTp. 9).
llplniojjl!Mau 11 farce Cxenla, B IcOTOpOii cBej[CIIbr HpejjaOaielluB pllja a13T0-
pOB, IIORflablBaeT, 'ITO B aTIIX C:IOBax HOT lrpeyBCJIIIMIeIIIIH.
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peiIumii (1956 r.)
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I11111 'ICTncpTri'IIIOrO HepTojja. BOHpoc TOT jj0 CIIx HOP OCTaoTCn HO'ITII Hepa3-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
pa60Ta11111,1 I. ABTOpbI 1>;ar: uUII~IIX paouT no '1(TBepTlr'111u11y- II('p1lo;jy. Tah IT
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ifIi;a.IIbl, c ero BJIBOJOM IIeiIb39 corJlacIITJ,CH HO MHOPIIM coo6pa;I;enIIllM.
OJ(ll0 113 IIIIX 3aK.IIO'IaOTCH B TOM, TO IIpiI TaIOM TO THOBaTImI o6'beMa 'IOT-
BepTll'nloro HepHoga B O'Iem. CIIJIbHOH CTOIICHII, eCJITI 110 HOJIHOCTbIO, 3aTy-
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BmiecTe C TeM II3BeCTHO, 'ITO ('11(C B 1897 r. VII ceccim Me;hjynapojuoro
reollorii,iccitoro I oiirpecca yiia3aJIa na Heo6xO;AHMOCTb y'IHTbIBaTb IIpH ycTa-
110l3JlOlTIIll rpaIIII1( ilex;J(y CIICTCMaMII, ITOMIIMO HaJIeOBTOJIOrII'IeC11Hx Aaimbix,
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Tpi11iIU1HnaiIbllaH Hpa1HioiI, 1OCTb I;OTOpOiI HIIKeM HIIHOrja He, OcHapIIBa-
TaCb, necoMIIeH11o ;[OJnICHa UbITL VHTeHa B H0pByIO O'IOpOAb B OTTIOIIIeIIIIH no-
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lloii LTOii AOIIIICCTICII B 1954 r. paooTe (CTpaTllrpa(fn'IecHlle II reoxpOII0.ilorlr-
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It. H. hpaCIIOB B OIIy6.11IN0Ba1li1oii I0111 COBMOCTITO C H. 11. J'pOIIOBbIM CTaTbe (1958).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
'iecl:uw iioApaaleJlenlln)) y1Ca3Lrl3aeTCA, irTO Jla:le011TOJI0rll'IecIille MaTepila Tit
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
.'1013, 1'. (1). llllp'Illlll; it ;1J.) 1311;[(':111 B 3TILK 1i311('11('1111i1\ (11a V!114
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JJ;OCTaTO'THO XOp01J1O yCTaHOBJIeiio, 11T0 JHOXII C 6oJiee HTI3IlihI1I epejullAITi
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'IT06bI HpliBeCTTI Ii pajtiEaJIbHbIM H3MeHei1HHM OpraliHHeCKOrO MHpa B L eJIOM.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
I;a611013011 CTa1r0B ITCB IwCC OOTbIHe it, iiai;o l0[, I0CTIIi'aI0T '1'131;11\ pa3\Iep00,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1111}1;111111 1'1 V1IIiUA '1LT131:PT11'111010 IIl0p1I0 J.A
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aOsleHoBOB. HaHux-ji i6o JIOIa3OTCJIbCTB Oli Ta13 He lie, III)BBO.LHT.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
Podocarpus I Quercus Laurus
Dammara (Agates) Ficus Oreodaphne
Sequoia Persoonia Daphnogene
Clyptostrobus Gretillea Euonymus
Sabal llakea Eucalyptus
Smilax Magnolia Aralia
Salix Cinnamomum Andromeda
Carpinus Persea Myrsine
Diospyros
B o n x II ru ii II a. B paiione c. Bo.nsnxrullllbl B necgaHHxax, ananonl'l-
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raiOT ne60JIMHHMII 11I5ITHaMII Ha Bojopa3AeJlax, B HIIx iIaCTO OTMeM 1OTCFI OTne-
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nee nceneAoBaniie npHHagnexcHT H. M. I{oBaJrio (1950). Bo3pacT THMCxnx
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CMIX CJIOHX (Ilo3pacT aTnx ropH30hITOB 6bin AaTIlpoBai no (flayne (1opaMnllii-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
(yep) HaiiAeHo 6oimitioe, FOJI11 0CTBO I1bIJIbAbI, B TOM gIHCJIe HpHHaAJIe Ran(ei
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110 11 Cy6TpO11111[CCrtIIX cTpalr.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
JIMMI II FTAHIIL~A 'IETI3EPTHgq}I01'0 IIEPHOi-[A
Gisucrir cc,iceitc n it podoc
xycmapit it e0e, onpede.ceit it i,1
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c 0RUe0 ite11 oca0 ii 0it 0pe
Ginkgoaceae
Ca rya
Cassia
Ginkgo
Betulaceae
Caesalpinia
Podocarpaceac
Carpinus
Anacardiaceae
Podocarpus
Corylus
Rhus
Taxaceae
Betula
Aquifoliaceae
.11/1 us
Dacrydium
Ilex
Fagaceae
Araucariaceae
Celastraceae
Fagus
Agathis (Dammara)
Euonymus
Castanca
Araucania
Quercus
Accraceae
Pinaceae
D ryophyllum
Acer
Pious
Ulmaceae
Rhamnaceae
Cedrus
Ulmus
Rhamnus
Picea
Tsuga
Celtis
Tiliaceae
Ze lco va
Keteleeria
Tilia
Abies
3loraceae
Combretaceae.
Taxodiaceae
blorus
Echilonium
Sequoia
Ficus
Myrtaceae
Taxodium
Proteaceae
Myrtus
Glyptostrobus
Pe rsoon is
Eucalyptus
Cupressaceae
Grevillea
Araliaceae
Frenela
Hakea
Lihocedrus
Lcmatia
Hede ra
Thu/a
Banksia
Aralia
Nyssaceae
Cupressus
Magnoliaceae
Nyssa
Palmae
Magnolia
Cornaceae
Chamaerops
Liriodendron
Sabal
Corn us
Lauraceae
Liliaceae
Ericaceae
Cinnamomum
Smilax
Pe rsea
Andromeda
Salicaceae
Laurus
llyrsinaceae
Populus
Oreoda phne
Myrsine
Salix
Daphnogene
Sapotaceae
Myricaceae
Pittosporaceae
Burnelia
ill yrica
Pittosporum
Ebenaceae
Juglandaceae
Ham amelidaceae
Diospyros
Platicarya
Liquidambar
Oleaccae
Engelhardtia
Hamarnelis
Fraxinus
Pleroca rya
Leguminosae
Apocinaceae
Juglans
Acacia
Neritiuin
HIISKIIeMIIoL eHOBag 4IJIopa
(aKBHTajieHi i, ryp;jnraJIbcKLJiii II reabBeTCKIIIi JIpyCbl, BepxHH13 Mali on)
HH}KHe MAIL eHonble C Jiopbi Ha PyccROii paBHHHe AO Cllx Hop II3y1Ieimr
Menee noaiio, 9eM oJillroI eliouble, it, ~ITO B oco6eHHOCTII 3aTpy,I(BxeT lix pac-
cMOTpeHne, RaTHpoBKa pica 3THx JJiop IWAO aTOMIO Hagexma. 3Rec16 Mbl
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
paccMOTpIMI AaHlible 110 WTbIPOM HyHKTaM: c. IIIecTepr111uhI (HpaB06epe>KllaH
YKpanlia), pa3'be3A HaceiOBO (IIa lore CpeAHe-PyCcK0ii B03BbILHcHIfOCTH),
6accefIH HIIHSHer0 ,oiia H paHOH r. CTaBpOHOJIH (CeBepIIIIi HaBKa3).
IU e C T e p ii ii iA bi. B paiioie c. IHecTepHHubi (oKOJro CT. 3BeHHropop-
Ka, Ha lore RHOBCHOIi o611aCTH) 11. B. HHMexoBOnI (1939a) 6biJia on calla c)1Jio-
pa 113 ne6oJIbiiroii J111113b1 6yporo yrJrsi. HoCJIeAHHf 3ACCb 3ajieraeT B HHxtxeB
gaCTri TOJInjH KBapueBbIX HeCKOB, HOACTinIaeMblx OTJI0}Ke1I11HM11 xapbKOBCKOro
Ilpyca m nepelcpblTblX rOpI3OHTOM ileTBepTItIHbIX rJIHII H CyraII11KOB. B03paCT
,ITOII ~Jiopbi H. B. HIIMeHOBa onpeAeJIHeT Kalc aKBnrancKHii, IICXOAR 113 npH-
CVTCTBHH B Hell 11IHOFHX BHAOB, xapaKTepHbix AJIH 3TOro Hpyca. OTHegaTHll
;IIICTbOB Ha yrJie H yrJIHCTOYI rJlnHe n03BOJIIJIII Onpe/CJIHTb 34 BHAa, OTHOCII-
IuHecH K 18 poAa m,
Sequoia
Fagus
?'ilia
Taxodium
Quercus
Grewia
Glyptostrobus
Cinnamonnan
Mirsine
Populus
Pei-sea
Diospyros
Myrica
Laurus
Apocynophyllum
Alnus
Acer
Neritium
H a c e K 0 B o. B pailoiie paxbe3ga HaceIwBO (iia lore BOpOHeiHCKOIi
o6JIaCTH) B rop11301ITe KBapAeBbIx HeCKOB, OTHOC14MJ1X na ocHOnaHHIl reoJlO-
riigeCKIIX AaHHbIX K aKBIITaIcKONy Hpycy, 3aJIeraIOT JIIIH3bI JIIIrHIITOB I3 yrJIH-
CTbIX rJInH. COCTaB nblJibubl H CHOP B 3THX o6pa3oBaHHHX H3yiTaJICB no He-
6oJIbIIIOMy tilicjiy o6pa3uoB A. A. IllrrypHeBOI3 (BapalloB, 1954) H E. A. 3aK-
JIIIIICKOIi (1953a). IIeCMOTpB Ila TO, =ITO IICCJIeAoBaHHH 06oHX aBTOpoB He HMe-
JI11 cnCTeMaTIVI0CHoro xapaKTepa, MOSKHO AyMaTb, TITO naceKOBcHan 4 JIOpa
oxapaNTepl13OBalla AoCTaTOLIl1O IIOJIIIO. 06'beAHHeHHbII3 CHHCOK onpCAeJIOH-
liblX 3AeCb ApeBeCHMIX HOPOA 11 KyCTapHHKOB BHJHotiaeT 50 pojOB.
Torreya
Juglans
Platanus
Pinus
Ca rya
Cotinus
Picea
Carpin us
Rhus
Tsu go
Ostria
Ilex
Keteleeria
Corylus
Acer
Ahi?s
Betula
Tilia
Sequoia
.4lnus
Vitis
Cryptomeria
Fa gu s
II cde ra
Taxodium
Castanea
Aralia
Libocedrus
Pasania
Nyssa
Glyptostrobus
Quercus
Cornus
Cupressus
Ulmus
Diospyros
Chamaecyparis
Cercidiphyllum
Olea
Myrica
Magnolia
Sa,nbucus
Platicarya
Laurus
Viburnum
Engelhardtia
Ca ppa ris
Lonicera
Pleroczrya
Liquidamba r
H II }H it II Ii o II. PaCHPOCTpaHeHllble B 6a000HHe HHiKHero 1Ioiia Ma1i-
lioncKHe OTJIOW1111H, BbIAejrHelible 3geCb HOA Ha3BaHHeM COJIeHOBCKHX CJIOeB.
IrO-BIIAHMOMy, COOTBOTCTByIOT OJIbFHHCKOI CBHTe (BepXHHH MafROH) CeBep-
noro RaBKa3a. ,JIFI 3THX OTJIO?w HHIT H. M. HoiipoBCicax (1953) IIp1BOAHT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6
1111',1; JIH1I F1'AIl1n[A '1E'1`BEI'TIP11101.0 11RI1110;IA
peayJIbTaTbl clOpoBO-nbIJILgeBOrO aHar1H3a, ICOTOpbie yKa3bIBalOT na HpncyT-
CTBnC 3j[CCb HbIJIbUI,T J[peBeCHbTx HOpOA It HycTapHHKOB, OTaoCHH~TTXCH K 32 po-
jaM.
Pinus
Jaglaas
Liriodendron
La rix
Ca rya
Liquidamba r
Piceo
Carpinus
Rhus
Tsuga
Corylus
flex
Sequoia
Betula
1s'uon imus
1 axodirun
eiIn us
, Icer
Salix
Fagus
Sapindus
_llyrica
Castanea
Tilia
Platicarya
Quercus
Nyssa
1;ngelhardtia
Mums
Fraxinus
Pierocarya
alagaolia
C T a B p o H o Ji b. 13 paiiolle r. CTaBponoJiH B BepxneMaiuoncxnx OTJIO-
AXII]IHX (OTHOCIIMIIx no c ayne (J)opaMHnn(J)ep K oJlbrilHCKOI it pnI[eBCKO}i CBII-
TaM) A. 3aKJlnncuan (19536) o61japy~xir is ~Jropy, anaiiorH'iHyio Ho cBOeMy
coCTaBy (jJiope coJIeHOBCKIIX CJIOCB B 6acceliHe HHaxxero Lloiia. Eio OHpeAe-
.T0HO 6oJIblloe HOJIII eCTBO c OpM HhIJIb1[0BbIX II CHOpOBbIX 3epCH, B TOM mic ie
HbjJIbi1a 111CACTaBIITeJIeR 26 pORoii L peuecnbix H ICycTapimimm)rx 11Opoj .
Pinus
P 1(1 / Ira rya
Ccltis
Picea
Lngelhardtia
/,elcozca
Pscudolarix
Plerocar,rta
Morus
Sequoia
Corylus
Magnolia
Taxodiurn
Betula
Buxus
Thuja
.Anus
Rhus
Cupressus
Castanea
Ti/ia
Chamarcyparis
Quercus
Aralia
Juniperus
Ulmus
IlepenneiieHHble HI11KHeMIIo1 eHOBbie (IJIOpM, KaH IIoua3blBaloT IlpnBeJkell-
Hble urine JjaiIuJie o6 HX Bo3pacTe, OTHOCHTCH K pa3JIHiIHbIM HpycaM. 3TO o6-
CTO1ITCJIbCTBO, a Tai