SOVIET SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
C
Document Page Count: 
1870
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
June 8, 2010
Sequence Number: 
1
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
May 9, 1960
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6.pdf105.27 MB
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L COUNTRY USSR REPORT SUBJECT Soviet Scientific Publications DATE DISTR. C.. U1 0 NO. PAGES 2 I REFERENCES RD PLACE & DATE ACQ STATE ARMY C Trudy Instituta Fiziki Zemli (Works of the Institute of Physics of the Earth .1 No. 173 , entitled SeYsmicheskaya Razvedka (Seismological Research), which.- :' co'ntalns 37,4 pages, is dated 1959, and was published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. f-Trudy Instituta Geografi. (Works of the institute of Geography), No. 77, entitled Materialy po Geonorfologii i PaleogeografiJ SSSR (Material: on the Geomorphology and Paleogeography of the USSR), Issue No. 21, and sub-titled Raboty po Sporovo-Pyltsevomu Analizu (Works on. Cryptogamous ontains 19 pages, is'dated.1959, and was published Pollen Analysis which contains-19E_ by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. c. Trudy Instituta Mikrobiologii (Works of the Institute of Micr rbiology)' No. 6, entitled Fiziologiya i Biokh.imiya Mikroorganiznov (The Physiology and Biochemistry of Microorganisms), which contains 285 pages, is dated 1959, and was published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Trudy Instituta Fiziologii imeni I.P. Pavlova (Works of the Institute of Physiology i/n I.P. PavloNo. 8, entitled Voprosy Fiziologii i Patologii Nervnoy Sistemy (Questions on the Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System), which contains 627 pages, is dated 1959, and was published by the Academy of Sciences of the 'USSR. "e . Trull Moskovskogo Orden-a Len' na . E aergetic.hesk.ogo ins i u.ta (Works of the Mosco Order of-Lenin Power Institute), No. 27, entitled Teoreticheskaya x I NAVY X AIR IX NSA X FBI INFORMAT101',J REPORT INFORMAI-ION REPORT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 C -0-N-F -I-A-E -N-Ts -2- Elektrotekhnika, Elektrovakuumnaya Tekhnika i Priborostroyeniye Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Electrovacuum TechniquesI and Instrument Construction), which contains 367 pages, is dated 1958, and was published by the State Power Publishing House. 2. When separated from the covering report, the documents may be considered as.UNCLASSIFIED. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 I Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 MOCKOBCKHfi OPJJ,EHA JIEHFIHA 3HEPFETIITIECKIJI%I FIHCTHTYT TPY,TbI MOCKOBCKOFO op,ueHa JIEHVIHA 9HEPFETHMECKOFO I'i H CTHTYTA Bbinycx XXVII TEOPETMECKAR DJIEKTPOTEXHHKA, DJIEKTPOBAKYYMHAR TEXHHKA H IIPHBOPOCTPOEHHE Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PeuaKTOpbI 14. B. AHtnu!c ii P. 1-1. Kapaea TeXH. peAaxTOp T. E. JiiapuoHUe Cuano B np-Bo 4/VI 1957 r. IIoAn. K neq. IO/IV 1958 r. $OpMaT 6yMarH 60X921/16 23 n. 7. y4.-H3A. A. '23 T-03574 THpa)K 1000 BeCnJIaTHO 9aK. 546 THnorpatpRA Foc9HeprOH3AaTa. MOCKBa, 1IJJII03OB8H Ha6., 10. 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Jiomouoco- BbIM ii OTgaCTn A. A. ~KeKyJIHHbI,M n a. A. MeepOBHgeM. rly6JlhKyeMai pa6oTa o6cy}KAa.IaCb B Ha3BaHHOS KO.NHCCHH B 1947-1948 rr. B Aa.,7bnec1meM pa60Tb[ no TepMI1HOJIOCHH He npeKpawailncb. OAHH H3 UOCJIeAHHX 3TanoB npeACTaBJIeH B c.ieayionue6 ny6JIHKaunn; Tep.vlHHOJIornB TeopeTHgeCKO9 3JIeKTp0TCXHHKH, ,3JIeKTpngecTBO", 1957, 6, crp. 14. 2 AHrm.: voltage, electro-motive force, potential difference, (pp.: tension electrique, force electromotrice, difference de potentiele; Hem.: elektrische Spannung, elektro-motorische Kraft, H T. A. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 I4HTe,pecH0 3aMeTHTb, iro, HCCMOTPH Ha cyLljecTBOBajlHe TaKHix pa3HorJIaCHi , KorJJa Ae.JIO ,II,OXOAHT 10 npaKTHLIeCKHX CJIy'?aeB, o'leHb pejjKO B03HHKalOT He,,aopa3yMCHHH. 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HanpoTHB, B ,iio6o>I To'IKe npoBoAa pe3y.zb- THpyloHjan Hanpfl}KeHHOCTb HOJIH, paBHafl npOH3BeJjeHHIO y4eJIbHOTO COnpOTHBJIeHH5 Ha nJIOTHOCTb TOKa, paBHa CyMMe KyJIOHOBCKOYI (-grade) H CTOpOHHec (- jo A): E = pE _ - gradpp- jwA (48) H, cJIeaOBaTeJIbHO, nHTepecyioujee Hac naJjeHne noTeHuHaJIa Ha e.IjH- HHuy aJIHHbI -grade=p6+ jwA, AU=Eo?21+ j(oILe03a (49) (50) ROCKOJIbKy HHTerpaa OT BeKTOpHOI'O nOTeHgHajia A no 3aMKHVTOMy 18 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KOHTypy paBeH r1'OTOKy, cuenJleRHOMy C KOHTypOM 1 H B cJiytiae paeCMaTpilBae'MOrO KOHTypa OnpejeJISIeT HMeHHO B03,'jyLIHyIo HH.gyK- THBHOCCTb; Eo - HaripHx{eHHOCTb 0OJISI Ha HOBe'pXHO'CTH n'pOBO..jOB BJ 0JIb o6'pa3yfOLUHX, Jle}Kaw,HiX Ha BI-IyTpe'HHeI3 CTOpoxe npOBOJjoB, a LB )31) - HHJjyKTHBHOCTb, OnpeJ[eJIHeMaH nOTOKOM, npOXOANLIjHM no B,03JWxy Me}KJjy npOBOJgaMH. 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 flpl, 3TOM p23HOCTb no'reIluHaJIOB Me}KJY 'y3JIaMH He 3aBHCHT, KOHemIHO, OT nYTH, HO KOTOPOMY OHa onpe,reJI5TeTc5I H TO}KJjeCTBeHHO coBnaaacT C Hanp51}KeHHIeM Me}KJI;y 3THMH y3JIaMH, eCJIH nyTb, no KOTOpOMy onpeAeJIHeTCSI Hanpfl}KeHHe, He npOXOJHT 1lepe3 BeTBH, CoJep}Kaujne 3. A. c. Te 31IeKTpOTeXHH1IeCKHe YCTpOHCTBa, B KOT'O- PbIX CTOPOHHHe Ilanp5i)KeHHOCTH fOJI5I He MOrYT C1IHTBTbCSI cocpeAo- T04C[IHbIMH B B(TB51X LjerIH HJIH BHYTPr HCKOTOPOII 3aMKHYTOII o6Jia- CTH Me)KJy Y3JIaMH, no cyHjecT'By Aejia He MOFYT 6bITb OTHeCeHbI K KJIaCCV 3J1eKTpH1IeCKHX uenerl, m noAXOA K IIHiM Tpe6yeT npHMeHe- 11H51 McTOJOB TeopHH nOJISI; OJjHaKO H B nOCJieJjHeM CJIyIae TaK}Ke nOJIHOCTbIO coxpaHSieT CHJIy CHCTeMa OHpejeJIeHHK, II3d10}KeHHa5I BbIIJIe. 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 METOJLbI PAC1ETA YCTAHOBHBWEFOCSI PE)KHMA B JIHHEHHOH 8JIEKTPH9ECKOIH LLEI1H fPH HECHHYCOHL AJIbHOM IIEPHOAHIIECKOM BXO,ILHOM HA[IPSI)KEHHH Kand. tnexn. xayic, dotyexm T. A. Tamyp B Te' eHHe noc:ieAHHx aeT B 1HTepaType BORBHJIOCb MHOrO pa6OT, B KOTOpbIX OIIpCJ CJTH TCSI yCTaHOBHBHIHIIC51 pe}KHM 1HHeIIHOro 4eTbI- peXnOJHOCHIIKa, KOrAa Ha BXOA ero nojaeTCSI HeCHHycOHAa1bHOe nepaojjH4eCKOe Hanp51?KeHIIe. fOHBJIeHHe 3THX pa60T BP3BaHO TeM, 4TO peuleHHe n0A06HbIX 3aaa4 pa3Jio}KeHHeM BXOAHOPO HanpSl}Ke- HHA B TpHroHOMeTpH4ecKHIt PHA (Dypbe TpyjjoeMKo, HCH36e}KHO AO- nyCKaeT oIIIH6Ky x He AaeT KOHe4H!OPO aHa1HTH4ecxoro BbIpa3KeHUlH1. 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B 3TOM McToae ycTa- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HOBHBHIHIICH npouecc OnpeAeJIHeTCH KaK CyMMa zIaCTHOrO peiueHHH Heo:luopoaHoro u!4x epeHumajlbl-ioro ypaBHeHHH H o6ujero pelneHHH OJJHOpOJuHOro aHCjC)epe'HuHaJIbHoro ypaBHeHHH nO?CJIeAOBaTeJIb'HO AJIH Ka}KJjoli qaCTH nepHOAa, iHa npoTH3KeHHII KOTOpOII Hanpn}KeHHe HMeeT OAHH H TOT )Ke 3aKOH H3MeHeHHH. 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OaHaKO B OTJIHTIiHe OT p u a (Dypbe OH AaeT BO3MO?K- HOCTb rIOJIyITHTb aHaJIHTHgecKOe Bblpa)KeHHe AJIH yCTaHOBHBHIerOCH pe?KHMa. aim MHOrOKOHTypHOII uenH peiueHHe 3ajjaTIH OCJIO) HHeTCH Heo6XOjjHMOCTb!o fOJlylieHHH AHcJJ4 epeHUUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH. 6) BTOpoa AteTO(9 3TOII rpynrlbl HBJIH'eTCH pa3BHTHeM McTO)ia no- CJIeAOBaTeJIbHOPO p'e'uIeHHH H OTJIHRIaeTCH OT Hero CrIOCO6OM HaXo)K- 1aeHHn nOCT'OHHHbIX HHTerpHp,OBBHHH o6Hjero peuleHHH OjjHOPOaHOrO jjH4xkepeHuHaJIbH,Oro ypaBHeHHH. B 3TOM McTOAe, KaK H B MeTOAe HoCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOro pelDeHHq, COCTaBJIHCTCH HeOmHOpOJwHoe AHCj)4JepeHuHajibHoe ypaBHeHHe JjjIH HCKOMOH (JYHKUHH B 3ajjaHH,oII JIHHefIHOIf 9JI,eKTpHT4e,c'KOIi uenH H 3a[HCbIBaeTCH ero peHleHHe KaK CyMMa I-IaCTHoro peH1eHHH HeOA- HopOjjHOro ypaBHeHHH H o6i ero peHleHHH OjjHOPOAHOPO AHCpCpepeH- uHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH. flpH 3TOM peIIDeHHe HBXOJLHTCH 102 OJ HOPO nepHojja HJTH Boex y'-IaCTKOB nepHOAa, eCJIH npHJlo)Ke'HHOe HanpH}Ke- HHe B TeT-IeHHe nepHOTa HMeeT HeCKO.TIbKO aHaJIHTHT-IeCKHX Bblpa- ?KeHHII. fIoCTOHHHbre HHTerpHPOBaHHH T-IBCTHOPO PeuIeHHH HeoJjHOpOAHO- ro AH(X(XepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH HaXOjjHTCH TaK )Ke, KaK If B npe- AbIJiyHjeM McToue. ,qJIH HaXO)K jeHI;H nOCTOHHHbIX HHTerpHpO'BaHHH o6ujero peiueHHH O,UHOPOJLHOPO JHij)(JepeHiUHaJIbHoro ypaBHeHHH Hcrnollb3yIOTCH rpa- HHIIHO-BpeMeHHble VCJIOBHH H yCJIOBHe nepHOAHTIHOCTH. /TOT McTOA TaK)Ke AaeT 'pe?IneHH'e B BHJje CyMMbI 3KCn?oHe'HHHaJIb- Hblx H aJIre6paHT-IeCKHX 4)YHKUHH, HO 3HaTIHT'eJIbHO KO,poge nepBoro. OCHoBHbUM 3aTpyAHeHHCM B 3TOM Cviyzlae HB..THeT'CH :7 OJIy4I'eHH,e AHc epeHuHaJIbHOro ypaBHeHHH, eCJIH uenb' MHOrOKOHTypHaH. 24 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B) McTo3 Jlypbe A. H. [JI. 12]. 3arIHCbraaeTCH H3o6paxKeHHe He- OJJHOpOgHOrO JaHq)q epeHLjmaJIbHOI'O ypaBHeHHeI JjJISI HCKOM0I1 CJyHK- UHIP, HanpHMep TOKa, c y'IeTOM Ha'IaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHi3 no TeopeMe o6 H306paxceHHH npOH3BOJjHOII. floJlyqeHHoe alreOpaH4eCKOe ypaBHeHHe B H3o6pa)KeHHnx pe- LuaeTCSi OTHOCHTeJIbHO H3o6pa}KeHHn TOKa: I(P)==i(O) D(p) + i I (O) D(p) +...+i,-,(O) D,-1 (P) + F (P) (P) (P) D(P) D(P) r, e F(p)-H3o6pa}KeHHe npHJlo)KeHHoro Hanpz>KeHHH f(t)=F(p); i(O)-3HageHHe TOKa B t=0; _ dni to (0) d- B t=O; D(P)=Pn+alPn-1+ ... + an; D0(P)=Pn+a I Pn-i + ... + an _1 p; DI(P)=Pn 1+a1Pn-2+... +an_2p; D,-,(P)==P; aI, a2, ... , an-nOCTOHHHble KO3(]M HLjHeHTbI ypaBHeHHR. Bblpa}KeHHe JjJIH n3o6paxceHHn TOKa n-1 Dk F(p) I(P)=E tk(O)D(P))+D(P). JtHc epeHLwa.IbHoro Pa3JIO}KHM 3TO COOTHOIHeHHe Ha paLwHOHaJIbHble apo6H, npeJjBapH- TeJIbHO YMHO}KHB H pa3JaeJinB BTOPOC CJlaraeMOe Ha p. flpeJjno.no- }KHM, TITO ypaBHeHHe D(p)=O He coaep3KIIT KpaTHbIX KOPHe1 H Kop- HeI3, paBHbIX HyJIK); Torj a nOJIy4HM: n I(P)= E S=1 1 Ak_ PSD' (Ps) I i k(0) Dk(PS), k=1 D'(PS) dD = dP F(p) l p ~ k + PD' (Ps) / P- ps Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 EcJIH f(t) iBJIH TCA nepHo4HqeCKON ([)yHKUHeN, To ee H3o6pa]KeHHe paBHO: f(t) = F (p) = '(P) 1-e-pT' rjje U(p)-n3o6pa>Kenne u(t), coBnaualoujero C 3auaHHOH (yHK- uHeN f(t) TOJIbKO Ha npOTH)KeHHH nepBOro neptiola, T. e. u(t)-f(t) npn OKe KaK npe)>;bIJZyI11HI[, BbIBOJI,HTCSI H3 HHTerpaJla J ioaMeJIA C npHMeHeHHeM TeopeMbl pa3JI0>KeHHH. Ecim nepeXO'aHyFO IIpOBOJ(HMOCTb Y(t) BbIpa3HTb nO TeopeMe pa3JIO>KeHH9 H nOJICTa- BHTb B HIITerp3JI J1IoaMeJISI, a 3aTeM B3BTb HIITerpaJl HO LIaCTAM, TO MO>KHO noJly'IHTb ypaBHeHHe pkt t f (t) - f~ke (pk) f I e-Pk a (T) d'L, (3) rue f (t) - HepeXOjHa1 (JyHKB,HSI, yJ1,OBJIeTBOpaIOMaA JI14He1IHOMy He- o,gHOpo,gHOMy J>,HK]cpepeHUHa.nbHOMy ypaBHCHH.O c npaBof UaCTb:o, paBHOhi npHJIJ>KeHHOMy HanI)H}KeHH,o; Z (p) - cpyHKuHSH, 3aBHCAH>,aA OT napaMeTpJB u~nH; Pk - KOPHH xapaKTepHCTHUecKOrO ypaBHeHHA. YpaBBeHue (3) MO>KHO no.ny1HTb H RpyrIJMH IVTAMH [JI. 6, 7], OJjHaKO IIpHBeaeHHblId 3JjCCb HyTb HaH6o:lee IIpOCTO%I. UaAbHeiiwee npeo6pa3oBaHHe BbIpaxceHHA (3) C y4eTOM nepHOJT 1HHOCTH npHJlo>KeH- HOrO HanpAxceHIA npHBOJI,HT K JOpMyJIe JjJ H yCTaHOBHBIHerOCA Co- CI'OSIHHA: Pk" PkT I -p f (t) =I - e-PkI u (4) Z'(/'k) gJ kT r,ae t' OTCUHTbIBaeTCA OT Ha'-IaJIa Kaaoro-JIH6o nepHoja. Tax KaK u (2) - I~yHKWHA nepuO,gngecxa1, TO 0KHO COCTaBHTb Ta6JIIIuy [JI. 4] Bblpa>KeHFIA (4) Jiul1 UaCTO BCTpe'asoiuuxcH I)OPM KpHBbIX BXOJI,HOI-O HanpH>KeHIISI. B 3TOM cilytae npH peHIeHHH 3aaa'IH OCTaHeTCSI TOJIbKO HOJ CTaBHTb Pk H Z' (pk) J>:aHHOR IjeHH B COOTBeTCTByomee Ta6,iIHUHOe Bblpa>Ke- HHe (HeJI,OCTaTOK - Heo6XOJ1,HMOCTb oupe,ge,neHHa KOpHei'I). E. H. BapaH'IyK [JI. 61 npej>,JIo>KHJI McTOA paCueTa nepcxoj HbIX H YCTaHOBHBIIIHXCSI pe>KHMOB B JIHHeIIHbIX UenHX, fOBTOp2.OLUHII BbI- pa>KeHHe (3). ECJIH nOJlb3OBaTbCH npH BbIMHCJIeHHAX HenOCpeJjCTBeHHo ypaBHeHHCM (3), KaK 3T0 peKOMeHJjyeT aBTOp, TO Ka>KJjblcl pa3 HpH- J>,eTCA npoaeJIbIBaTb JjOBOJIbHO yTOMHTeJIbHble MaTeMaTH9eCKHe npeo6- pa3oBaHHH. aJIH noJlyMeHHSI >Ke YCTBHOBHBIIIerOCH peM uMa, KpOMe TOrO, 11C06XOJLHMO LIHCJIO paccMaTpHBaeMbIX nepHO,gOB YCTpeMJIATb K 6eCKOHegHOCTH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IIoMHMO yxa3aHHOro, paBenCTBO (3) AaeT nepexoAHbIH TOK TO.IbKO aMISI uenH rL, Jjji i uenH ice rLC H rC H T. B. HY}KHO HCKaTb 3apH,q. F103TOMy B o6LueM CJIyT3ae Z (p) He HBJISIeTCSI OnepaTOPHb1M ConpoTHBJIeHHeM, a BbipaxceHHe (3) He jjaeT TOKa, KaK 9TO yTBepiK- JjaeT BapaHTlyK. 3. McTOJ[bl, npHMeHAK)n(He KOHTypHbIN HHTerpaJI B KOMHJJeKCHOH nJIOCKOCTH B 3TOH rpynne paCCMOTpHM McTOA, o6oOluaK)LUHH McTOJjbI, OCHO- BaHHble Ha KOHTYPHOM HHTerpaJ1e B KOMHJleKCHOH HJIOCKOCTH H pa3- pa60TaHHbIH BaiAeaHxoM [Ji. 8], a n03}Ke H. C. FOHOpOBCKHM rJJ. 9]. RepeXOAHaH (J)yHKuHSI, HaHpHMep, TOK i, COCTOaLuaA H3 CYMMb1 yCTaHOBHBLneroCH 3HaqeHHH l i,C711 H cBo6oJ,Horo i 8 TOKOB MO)Ke'C 6bITb Bblpa}KeHa IIHTerpaJIOM +100 iycm + ic8 = 2i $ U (p) Y (p)e"' dp, I-Joc rae U (p) - H3o6paxceHHe BXOAHOrO Hanpsl}Kexnsl: I it (t) dt; Y (p) - 14306pa}KeHHe nepexojjnoH nPOBOJ[HMOCTH uenH. MHTerpaii B KOMnJ1eKCHo1 nJIOCKOCTH npH t>O paBeH CYMMC BbIgeTOB B no tocax U (p) H Y (p), paCnOJIO)KeHHbIX Ha MHHMOH OCII H CjieBa OT Hee (pHC. 1). ECJIH U (t) 3aJjaHO TPHrOHOMeTPH4eCKHM pslJjoM (DYPbe, TO L ycrrt TaK>KC nojlyriaeTC51 K3K puj cDVpbe. LITO6b1 nOJIYTIHTb Bblpa)KeHHe Aim tycm B BHAe CYMMbI 3KCHOHeHUHaJlbHbIX H aJlre6paHLleCKHX ()VHK- uHH, HeO6XOJjHMO U (I) 3aaaTb ypaBHeHHeM. Tom i C,, H t ycni MO)KHO BbIpa3HTb TaKHMH )Ke HHTerpaJlaMH B KOMnJ1eKCHOH nJIOCKOCTH, 3Ha4eHHH KOTOPbIX OnpeJjeJI5I10TCH JjJ1B tcg CYMMOH BbITIeTOB TOJIbKO B nomocax Y (p) H aim tycm CyMMOIi BbItle- TOB TOJIbKO B no uocax U (p). TorJja t ycni onpeijeJiHTC51 KaK pa3HOCTb tycm = i - iCe=+. U (p) Y (p) e ntdp - 27,j $Y (p) U (p)ep'dp, (5) C, C2 r,ae C2 - KOHTYp HHTerpHpOBaHHSI, BKJIIOgaIOIILHfI TOJIbKO no iioca Y (p), paCHOJIO)KeHHble JleBee MHHMOI1 ocu (pnc. 2). BTOpOI{ HHTeipaJi paBCHCTBa (5) BbI4HCJISIeTC51 Jleri(O, TaK KaK Y (p) HMeeT orpaHwieHHoe TIHCJIO nOJIIOCOB. BblgHCJIeHHe nepBoro 30 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HHTerpaaa 3HagnTeJlbHO ynpomaeTCH, eCJIH y ieCTb nepHOJLIIgHOCTb U (t) H OnpeJteJIHTb yCTaHOBHBmneeCH 3HageHHe TOKa TOJIbKO aJIH nep- Boro nepnoja (0 < t< T). Torua H3o6paxcexne BXO,gxoro nepHoJui- gecKOro HanpH}KeHHU paBHO: T U(P)=o _ UT (p) 1 - e-p' 1 - e pT rje UT (p) $ U (1) e ,Tdt - H3o6pa}KeHHe BxoJworO HanP DK Hl1H 0 aJIH nepBOro nepnOAa C Hagajia oTcgeTa BpeMeHH. f/w 2w /w /w -2jw -3jw C C, /w 3jw 2jw Jw Jw -2jw -.Ltw PHc. I. KOHTYP HHTerpu- PHc. 2. KOHTyp HHTerpHpo- pOBaHHH, BKJIfO q a IowHN BaHHH, BKJIfo,ialouiHa nojuoca TOJIbKO nonioca Y (p). U (p) H Y (p). TaKHM o6pa3OM, tycm onpeaemieTCa KaK Pa3HOCTb HHTerpaJlOB f t ycm - $Ur(P)Y(P)edpj 1 T (p e-pT Cl c2 Y (p) ept dp. rlepBbIli HHTerpaJI onpejeJmeTCH BblqeTaMH B noiliocaX Bcero noJj- HHTerpaJlbHorO Bblpaaceti m [UT (p) H Y (p)], a BTOpoiF nHTerpa.n TOJIbKO B no.nlocax Y (p). OfHcaHHb1iI McTOOJ( npHroji;eH JI;JIH JIIO6bIX KOpHeil. OJu-iaKO BBH- Ay OTHOCHTeJIbHOii CJIO}KHOCT" ero HMeeT CMbICJI npnMeHHTb TOJIbKO AJISR CJIO}KHbIX ueneil, Korga nPHMeHeHHe apyrHx McTOJtOB 3aTpyA- HHTeJIbHO. KpoMe TOTO, B CJiytiae eu>e H CJIO}KHOPO BHJja KPHBbIX HanpI}KeHHB HeO6XOJUHMO BbIIInCJIHTb t vem ) JISI Bcex y4aCTKOB ne- pHOAa, HTO 3Hat-IHTeJIbHO yCJIO}KHSIeT McTOJ[. 4. rpa4)oaHamHTHVecKHe McTOAbI K rpa(coaHaJIHTHLIeCKHM McTOJjaM OTHOCSITCSI McTOJL '4HHa [JI. 10] H McTOA B. (D. Ta6agHIHCKOrO [,TI. 11]. a) B .etude yuHa HcnoJlb3yeTCx nPHHuHn HaJloxceHH5. HecH- 31 J U (t) e Ptdt Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IIVCOIIJjammbHoe Hanp5I}KeHHe, Hanpnrep, np5TMOyrOJIbHOIfI (kOpMbI, nH.noo6pa3HO13, TpaneueH.la imio i, noBTOp5IIOHjeuc5l 3KcnoHeHTbI, pacKJTaAblBaeTC51 Ha CyMMy 6ojiee npOCTbIX KpHBbIX, CABHHyTbIX BO BpeMeHH (pac. 3). ycTaHOBHBHIaHCSI BbIXOAIIaq 4)yHKIjHH paBlia CYMMe BbIXOAHbIX d)yHKIuHFI OT Ka}KAOIi COCTaBJIHIOIueld KPHBOII npH yCTpeMJIeHHH'IHic- JIa COCTaBJISIIoL uHX K 6eCKOHegHOCTH. HaCTOHHjHj McToJI, n0 CpaBI1eIIHIO C pa3J1o)KeHHC_M B Psl,-j q)ypbe aKnaH 4 A&u t, KOpo,ie H AaeT pe3yJlbTaT B BHAe CyMMbI 3KCHOHCHUHaJIbHbIX H a,11-e- 6paHnecKHx (pyHKuflc. Flo cpaBHe- HHIO C ApyrHMH McTO,I aMH HMeeT npOCTyIO H AOCTynHylo MaTeMarH- IlecKylo ocHOBy. OAHaKo OH Me- Hee Togfe,H, Kpo'HOTJIHB H Aoq CJIOX{HbIX KpHBbIX Hanp51}KeHH5I pe- KOMeHJjOBaH 6bITb He MO)KeT. t 6) B. (D. Ta6awnicxmU npeA~1o- PHc. 3. I'eoMeTpu'lecKoe pa3AoxKe- PHC. 4. I'pa(pwlecKoe onpeAeAeHHe Bpe- HIIe He.'HHyJOHAeAbHOH KpUBOH McHH 11po)(OJI KHTeJIbHOJTn HepeXOAHoro Hanpu KeHHH Ha 6oAee npO,Tbie KPH- npouec.a. Bble, I:ABHHyTble BO BpeMeHH. WHO H351HjHhI6 McTOZ[ rpa4JHIIeCKOro nOCTpoeHHSI npH6JIII)KeHHOro Bblpa)KeHH5l HHTerpajla gioaMeJISI AJI51 Hax0}KAeHHH yCTaHOBHBIIIeroCH 3Ha4eHHH TOKa (pac. 4). B 3TOM McToae no KpHBOII nepeXORHOFI npOBOAWMOCTH rpa()lH- tlecKH onpeaeJIHeT:q BpeMR In B TegeHHe KOTOpOrO 3axaH'-IHBaerc5I nepexo,tjHbIl3 npouecc (BpeMSI KnpaKTHLIecKOI3 rIPOgO DKHTeJIbHOcTH> repexoAHOro npouecca). BpeMR t? pa36H'BaeTCH Ha m paBHbIX HHTepBaJIOB. Bnpaso OT TOLIKH t? no OCH BpeMeHH OTKJIa.UbIBaeTCH OTpe3oK, paBHbI6 HccJle- ,UyeMoMy HHTepBaJly BpeMeHH, H TO)Ke pa36HBaeTCH Ha IIaCTH TaKOcI )Ke JIJIHreJIbIIOCTH, IITO H OTPe3OK t,. KpHBa5l HanpH3KeHIIq C 3a- AaHHON Ha'aJlbHOcI OpJjHHaTOI3 CTPOHTC5I BnPaBO OT TOLIKH tn, a 3a- TeM BJIeBO OT TOLIKIT t,, npoACJI}KaeTC5I AJISI OTpHuaTeJlbHUrO Bpe- Me.HH U(-t). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ho UOCTpoeHHbIM KPHBbIM Y (t) H BXOAHOrO HaHpH)KeHHH U (t) BbI+IHCJ12fOTCHI OpAHHaTbI HCKOMOrO TOKa no Bblpa i enu10 M im = LJ yk 1Uq q=0 rAe im = = i (mAT); q + k = m, HHJeKC q H3MeHHeTC51 OT 0 AO 172, HHAeKC k H3- McnaeTCR OT M Ao 0. TOHHOCTb McToJa oupejeJISIeTC2 norpeuiHOCTblO, C KOTOpoli Hafi- ,'jeHO BpeMA to , H 'incjioM HHTepBaJIOB, Ha KOTOpble pa3AeJIeHo BpeMU to . 3TOT McTOA, KaK Bee rpaq)H4eCKHe McTO,m1, He ji,aeT auaJIHTHLIeCKOrO Bblpa}KeHHA yCTaHOBHBUlerOCH TOKa. 1. N. Marchand, The response of electrical networks to non-sinusoi- dal periodic waves, Proc. IRE, T. 29, 1911, Ns 5, cTp. 330-333. 2. C. H. K y p e H e B, Pa 4eT ueneS npH nepHOaH4e-KHX pa3pblBHblx HAM HMIIyJIb.HbIX Hanpn?KeHHHX, ,3JIeKTpH4e.:TBO", 1953, Ns 12. 3. N a m l I n, The response of a networks to an arbitrary periodic dri- ving force, Journal of the Franklin Institute, T. 2333, 1912, Ns 3, cTp. 257-270. 4. T. A. T a T y p, McTOAb1 pa.;vera y :TaHOBHBI-HX H TOKOB B JIHHe1Hb1 9JIeKTpH4e.;xHx CH.;TeMax npH HecHHy,;oHL anbHb1x nepHOAH4eCKHX Hanpa]KeHHHx, i1H.:cepTauHa, M314, 1947. 5. O. M. b o r a T bi p e B, McTOA pac'eTa npHHy KAeHHOro TOKa OT nepHo- u1ge.:KO6 3. J. c. Jllo6o.i (popAbi, 3OJIeKTpHge,;TBO", 1951, Ns 1. 6. E. H. I) a p a H 4 y K, IlepeXOAH,Ie np0'(e.:.:bl B JIHHe.IHbIx 3JIeKTpHVe- CKHX uerSIX C CocpejjoTOgeHH,1.,1H no.:TO+IHHbL+IH HpH BKJIIO4eHHH nepH0AH4e- CKHX 3. 11. C., PaAHOTeXHHKa", 1953, Ns 8. 7. T. A. T a T y p, Pa,:geT yCTaHOBHBIHHXCH TOKOB ripe He,:HHyCOHAaJIbHblX nepHOjjH4e,;KHX Hanpi}KeHHax, Tpyabl M9H, Bbin. 3, 19+8. 8. D. L. W a i d e I i c h, Steady-state currents of electrical network, Journal of Applied Physics, T. 13, 1912, Ns 11, cTp. 706-712. 9. 14. C. T o H o p o B K H H, PaAHo.:HrHaJIb1 H nepexoAHbie HBJIeHHII B pa- AIIoIIenHx, CBa3bx3AaT, 1954. 10. P. T. C h i n, Circuit response to non-sinusoidal wave forms, Electronics, T. 17. 1944, Ns 10, cTp. 138 -141. 1 1 . B. I. T a 6a g H H C K 11d, 1-paCpoaHaJIHTH4eoKeHHe B rJIaBHble LIJIeHbI (37) (38) ~~ 2 ak qk + wk ak qk bk qk y'paBHeHHH (26) nouCTaBHTb 3Ha'eHne gk =q kT + AgklI a B CyMMy AY, bk~iq~i , NMeIOLuyIO BTOpOCTeneHHOe 3HateHHe, BeJIH- gk = gkl' O6'beAHHfli gjleHbI C ?MaJIbIM napaMeTpoM" A, nOJIyqHM uncj (IepeHunaJlbHoe ypaBHeHne AJISI onpeJeJIeHH51 BTOpOFO npH6omKeHHo: a k gkl1 + wk ak gkll + bk gkll bkngnl' (39) is=0 (n' k) k=0, 1, 2,... Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 f1puMeHAH (OpMyJly )] oaMeJIA, HaH,CjeM: gkll (t)- S 0 _ gkll - akWkr bkngnrn X it =0 (n k) ('kr Sill ((Ot + -?n) + c,le-0ktsin (Wkrt -{- Y -'P W 2 kr r,ae q z1 MO}KeT 6bITb nojlygeHo 143 (35) H (36) HpH 000TBeTCTByrO- H),eM H3MeHeHHH HHj[eKca. TaK KaK gk11 eCTb TOJIbKO yTOgHeHHe OCHOBHOrO pefeHHH, I3' j[aJIbHeAHIHX BblgHCJIeHHAX ygTeM, 'TO P i k < W , ROJlygaeM: arkr Sin(Y-`Pn)(e---"nt COSW nrt --B-'kt COS Wkrt)+ 2 wkr- orn ;'k t a, -cos({ - gyp? (Wkre Sin Wnr t -Ware sin (okr t) q 11 E no (nrk) -ak(t-k) 00 B SiI1Wkr(t k 'k - 21 bk,,gnl (;L) d~, (40) a r n=0 (n .6 k) (41) (k = 0, 1, 2,... bkOnnl w2 ak _W2Cos ((I)t v-~,z)+ kr cos (wkr t d- ~ - `Pn) + C -ok t I W sill (~ -Yn) (Wnre-?ryt SitlWnrt - Wkrerkt SillWkrt) -k, S t ~ - wnr cos (~~ (e n cos Wrtrt - e-Sht COS Wkrt fly o 1 - (42) - Wnr k=0, 1,2,... BTOpoe Hpu6.ilnxceHHe gk1I oTJ1Hgaerc5i no cpa3e or HepBoro Ha H, B OCHOBHOM, yTO'HAeT aKTHBHble caaraeMble TOKOB. 4* Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Bcerjja MON{HO orpaHHLIHTbCSI BTOpbIM np116JIH>KeHHeM, He BbILIH- CJIAR TpeTbero qkl? . KpoMe Toro, HOLIITH BCerAa JAJ15I npaKTWIeCKliX pacLleroB Heo6XOAHMa5I TOTTHOCTb AoCTHraeTCSI y?Ke nePBbIM npH6JIH- }KeHHeM H HO3TOMy (cOpMyJIbI (41) H (42) MOryT 6bITb HOnOJIb3OBa- HbI JIHIIjib AJ1H KOHTPOJ151 norpeLIIHOCTH. BJIII5IHHe aKT'IIBHbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHII Ha TOKopacnpeAeJIeHHe B cxeMe 60JIbWIe Bcero CKa3bIBaeTCH npH onpeAeJIeHHH CJiaraeMbiX, co- OTBeTCTByIOIijHX KOPHIO ,k=0. F103TOMy B CJIO}KHbIX, pa3BeTBJIeHHbIX cxeMax c HyJI,eBbIMH eMKOCT5IMH 1PH HaJIHLIHH 60JIbIHHX aKTHIBHbIX COnpOTHBJIe?HHH BO 1H36e}KaHHe norpelUHOCTeI4 COOTBeTCTByIOLUHe CJlaraeMble TOKOB H Iianp11)KeIIHIi pe'KOMeHJI-yeTCSI BbILIHCJISITb iieno- CpeACTB&eHHbIM paC4e'TOM 3THX CXeM, 6e3 npHMeHeHH1 yKOpOLIeHHO- ro ypaBHeHIIH JlarpaHxca (24). TOKH H Hanpi}KeHHH BbILIHCJH IIOTCSH C nOMOHjbIO PaBeHCTB (14), (2) H (3). DTH I~opMyJlbl npH HeCHMMeTpHHIHbIX KOPOTKHX 3aMbIKa- H'H'HX JjalOT JIHIHb COCTaBJ15IIOHIHe BeJIHLIIHHbI. 3Ha1 HX, c nOMOiljblo 143'B?ecTHbIX 000THOLHeHHH B cacreMe a(30 (CM. [JI. 10]) MO)K'HO Bbl- xliliCJIHTb 4)a3?Hble TO'KH Ii Hanp5l}KCHHSI Tpex(Ja3HOI-t CHCTeMbi. BbI(He OAHOBpeMeHHO CO CBo60lHbIMH CJlara'eMbIMH TOKOB H Ha- npSIxCeHHI'( Bb1LIHCJ151JIHCb H npHHy)Kj eHHble 3Ha'IeHHH paCCMaTpH- BaeMbIX BeJIHHITH. 01114, KOHe'IHo, MOryT 6blTb HaHAeHbI H OTJ[eJIbHO C nOMOLLjbIO CHMBOJIHLIeCKoro McToaa H HcnOJIb3oBaHbl B KageCTBe YaCTH'HHOH npoBe.p'KH pa'CgeTOB, BbIHOJIHCHHblX MeTOAOM 'o6o6iiieIi- HbIX KOOPaHHaT. BbIBOJ),bI 1. B OTJIHLIHe OT ApyrIX McTOJLOB pacleTa nepeXOJtHbIX npoLjeC- COB B RJIHHHbIX JIHHH5IX [JI. 8-11] McTOA o6o61I[eHHbIX KOOpJjHHaT IIpHBOAHT K pellleHHIO B BHAe rOTOBbIX (4OpMyJI. PeLueHHe B o6nleM BHJje aaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb npoaHajIH3HpoBaTb npoueCC B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT H3MeHeHHIi napaMeTpOB H cnoco6CTByeT B3aHMHOH npOaepxe l opMyJl; Bbixiiic IeHHH npH KOHKpeTHbIX pacLIeTax noayLiaiorcH npo- ige. P,eeH1eH,He o6JIaAaeT HarJIHAHOCTbIO, Ta.K KaK BCC BhTLIHCJIeHHII ()113HLIeCKH o60CHOBaHbI. 2. gJIH pac ieTa CJIOBKHbIX CXeM, aJIH KOTOpbIX HCKOMble Bblpa- )KeHHH noJIy4IalOTCH CJIHHIKOM rp0M03AKHMH, 6yuyT 6o.ie,e uejiecoo6- pa3HbI llaCTOTHble McTOAbI [JI. 9 11 11], KOTOpb1e COLieTaIOTC51 ?C IIpH- McHeHIHeM pacqeTHbIX CTOJIOB, a TaK}Ke BbpIH,CJIHTeJIbHble MamHHbl. 0TMeTHM, LITO B paC'LIeTaX, BbI'nOJI'HSIeMbIX 6e3 yLleTa eMKOC'THor0 31([)- ([)eKTa ITHHHH, HiMeeT MCCTO Ta x{e CHTyauHH: CJIO)KHble cxeMbI pac- CgHTbiBaIOT'C51 ?C nOMoIIIhJO pacMeTHbIX CTOJIOB, a HecJIO>KHble - aHa- JIHTHLLeCKH,M nyTeM. 3. Pein'eHHe noJlygaeTCH B BIIAe noHTH-nepHo.uj4IeCKHx (JYHKIUIIK, nePBble HeCKOJIbKo LIJIeHOB pHAa KOTOpbIX AalOT npH6JIH}KeHHe, ao- CTaTOLiIIoe AJ11 ripaKTHLIeCKHX paciieTOB. (D0pMyJIbI HMelOT CTpyKTy- py, CB513aHHyIo C CO6CTBeHHbIMIH K0JIe6aH'HHMH CHCTeMbI. Tai{oe peLHeHHe HMeeT npeHMymeCT'BO, KorAa paCLIeTbI npeAHa3HaLIeHbI JIJIA H3yHeHH5I yCJIO'BHSI pa60Tbl peJIeAHOI'I 3aLuwrbT [JI. 8]. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 17pnMep. PaCCMOTpUM cxeMy pnc. 2, COOT BeTCTByfOIllylO TpeXl)a3HOMy KO- pOTKOMy 3aMblKaHwO B KOHge AJIHHHO11 JIHHHH. KpaeBble VCJIOBHH exeMbl 6e3 nOTepb x C doze = L1 d Q2B (43) n x-0 1 9Qce d 2Qce Cn dx =L2 dt2 YcJ1OBHe (43) Aaei, cooTHOUIeuHe MC?KJ HOCTOH111iblMl1, BXO BLI HMn B COCTaB BblpaKeHHH (12)*: Bk = - Ak Ctg elk, (45) Ctg elk = r1OACTaBJHH B (12) coOTHOilieHHe (45) H peaJIH3yH yCJ1OBHe (44), nonyvaeM xa- paKTepnCTHgeCKOe ypaBHeHne: IIr~ wk [tg (wkT + elk) + wk L2 = 0, z c KOTopoe peniae TCH rpa())nrecKn C )'TORHeHHeM KOpHeli no cnoco6y HbIOTOHa. Bblpa}KeHHe Ant 3ap5iAa Q (12) nepennn,eTCH: Co (Q= gkCOS( wkx+0lk)+go, (48) k=1 AkPk rAe qk = - sin elk - o6o6weHHal KoopAHHaTa paccMarpneaeMoii cHCTeMbi (plic. 2). HOTeHunaJ1bHas aneprun CHCTeMbi V (17) (6e3 y IeTa KOJie6aHH5i k = 0) paBHa: 1/r 00 v= 2.I$( )2dx=L 0 k=1 zccokgk 8 [2wk : -sin 2 (w + 0 1k) + Sin 2e1k)s (49) Z Ok k : wkgk 4k [2wk t -- sin 2 (wk ` + elk) + sin 2elk) (50) "Qk ucuz u - Um COS elk) Sin wt 51) )k = Qqk ucm- m (wk` + ]k) ( +~')' ~ AMnJIHTy,aa o606u>,eHHOA KOOpAHnaTbi: Um Sin Yk COS (wk'[ + elk) qkm - - (wk - w2) ak (52) I BBHAy TOIro, 'ITO C XeMa plc. 2 co ep>KHT dumb OAHH y laCTOK .iainin, HHAeKc in lie lips- McHHeTCH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (Dy1IKRHH pacceHHns F (25) (6e3 ygera KoJIe6aHuH k = 0) paBHa: F 2 J (Q) 2 + R (Y a+R2( zc cc (q )2 8L., wk [`wk k=1 00 00 E (qk)2 COS2 elk + R2 E (qk)2 c,S2 (wk' + elk). k -1 k=11 in 2 (wk?+Olk) - sin 201k) + OF rnzc bk = o gk : qk = -E2 4wk [2wk : + sin 2 (wkti + Olk) - sin 201k) + + R1 cost elk + R2 cos2 ((qk' + Olk)- l n[ L ao,io Pnc. 3. PacgeTHaH cxeMa JIHHHH C HyJIeBbIMH eMKOCTHMH. BbI4nCJIeHHH cjlaraeMo5, COOTBeTCTBylOnjei k = 0, BhlnOJIHHK)TCH B cxeMe C HyJIeBbIMH eMKOCTHMII (pnc. 3) H npeJIeJIbHO npOCTbI: gO U,.. Sill ~Pa (55) na - w2a(, a? = L1 + L?1 + L2, (56) b?= R1+r11+R2. (57) ToK B JII06OM ce4eHHH JIHHHH paBen: 00 qk cos ~k x -}- elk k=1 me qk onpeue1HeTC2 no cpopMyJle (35), a qo -no (popMyJle (36). I7PIIJIO2KEIIHE I(OKa3aTeJ1bCTBO paBeHcTBa Hynro Ko94)4)HI{HeHTOB akn H Ckn, BXOAAIAHX B COCTaB BbIpa)KeHHN 9HeprHH MarHHTHoro (16a) H 9JIeKTpH9ecKoro (17a) noJIe% CHCTeMbI 6e3 HOTepb RHa4aJte paccMOTpHM 9Hepruto MarnuTHOCO no.'IH T H K0344naueuTbI akn? C603Ha4HM KpaTKO: Ib 00 Q(, ) = I gkXk (in), QLE = I gkXkLE- kk==0 k-0 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 l T L12m) V [ (9k)Z X2(,) dx + E gkgn J Xk(nt)Xf(n,)dx] } + (m) k 1(m) It---k 1(nz) ) + {_- L, Ef (Uk) XkLE + 9kgn Xkl-;XnLE~ k nil=k k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...; n=0, 1, 2, 3,... 1I11TepeCYoruHH Hac Kosl?(I)HilneHT ak,, paseH: Ln (nt) Lc akn = 2 S Xk (nt)Xn (>t)dx + 2 XkL1.XnZ'' (m) 1(111) E 1112 Xk (m)Xn (m)dx =S XkXndx, c1ke n}l H m2-KOOpJuIHaTbI KOHmOB JIHHIIH C I1HAeKCOM (m). I]pHMeHHH HpaBHJlo HHTerpupoBaHFIH no HaCTHM H HC11O.1b3VH 000THOHIe- Hue (8), HMeeM: nl p in 2 1112 X =- =- J kXndx (Wk/ Xk Xndx (Wk)21 Xk Xn-$ X; kXn dx I _ lit, lit, 1n _ y , - . C Wkl2 X11X, At - XkX II ) S nt? dx XkXn - X.X"' I + oil 1 m, f !l WkJ2 J?XkXndx, XkXt-X,1Xkim, 1-I XkXI1 - XIA,I nt L? (1n)~ XkXndx 2 2 (64) C, (m)(Wn -Wk ) ' OTMeTHM, 4TO BNpa)KeHHe (61) cOAepICHT caarae1Ne, oxBaTWBaIou(He cocpeAOTo4eH- HTe 9aeMeiTN CHCTCMN. B CBB3H C 9THM B paccMaTpRBaeMoll MBTOlHKe HeT orpaH1J4eHHl1 AJIB KK3aeBnx yCAOB Hit, KoTOpwe HMeIOT McCTO B 3aAa'e 11lTypMa-J1HyBHAAB [J1. 12]. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 C y ieioM (64), nepennlueM BblpaxceHHe (61): - IXkXn - XnXk I ms IXkXn X114 1 11, } akn 2Cn(m)(W,z-W2 k) nz 2 XkLXnL (65) LJIH Torn 'ITO6bl n0Ka3aTb, 4TO K03() #L1HeHT akIL = 0, pacnpeAeJIHM meii bl Bblpa)KeHHH (65) no y3JIaM paccMaTpHBaeMoa cxeMbl H aOKWKeM, 4T0 CyMMa 4JIeH0B, OTHocHu aacH K JIlO60My y3Jiy TOM CXCMbI, paBHa HYJIIO He3aBHCHMO OT Apyrnx IJIeHOB Bbipa}KeHHH (65)'". PaCCMOTPHM 9eTblpe XapaKTepHbIX y3JIa (pHc. 4,a-z), CooTBeTCTByi0IuHe uocJIeLoBaTeJ1bH0My HJIH napaJIJleJIbHOMy BKJI10'IeHHIo HHAYKTHBHOCTH L nail eMKOCTH C B CTbIK ABVX TIHHH ), nMelouUlx pa3Hble napaMeTpbl (Ln(1)' C,(1) H Qrl), rfl Q(a)' ka) Qu1 ,) Q(sa L( ) L L u - L-v/ C4I) ral Lnrn_Cwfal _ LK11 Cnryl 4)~ Lw01_C'n1 a) 61 Qrn' w) Q(a), 6(a) C L(f), "wry/ wm y ?ra! Lwal,Cw(v Qru?w, Qrai, I(a) L_m.Clrl ij C IV)LNU1Cwral PHC. 4. CxeMbl npocTefn1HX y3JIOB AnHHHb1X JIHHHN. a) /7ociaeooeame.2bHoe 6KAtO'iCKue ukoyKmuertocmu L 6 . ecme CmbKa o8yx auuuti (pnc. 4,a). Ha paccMaTpHBaeMbi y3eJi H3 cOCTaBa Bblpa3KeHHH (65) HpHXOAHTCH cJleAy1OLUHe c.naraeMble K03("HUHeHTa akn: - XnXk 1121 I XkXn - XnXk I (1) L XkX n a(a)- k,z 2 2 2 2 + 2 XkLXrL = 2CL(21(wn-wk) 2C.,(1)(WZZ-Wk) Xk(1) - Xk(2) ) X11(1) - X,,(2) L X,z -I- 2 XkXn. 2(w2 -wti l ~~ Call) CC.,(1) C.,(2) (66) Hanpa)KeHHHMH B paccMaTpHBaeMoM y3Jie (pHc. 4,a) di(1) I 19Q(I) oQ(2) - L o2Q(1) (I) - 11(2) = L dt ' T. e. - C7 ox + n(2) ox 0t2 YgHTbIBaH (1) 11 (9), noayvaeM AJIH juo6o5 'I3CTOTbI: Xk(1) - Xk(2) = cut LXk' C4(1) C., 22) k OTMeTH-i, 'ITO ce113b me+CAy eceM11 imHaMl BwpaaKeHug (65) Bce >Ke nMeeTCa. Kopwl (apaKTepHcruveclcoro ypaaHeHaH wk 11 wn e,gHHbI AJH aced cxeMw. *? 11pn nocJleAoeaTeihHOM coe3IHfH11H Q(1) = Q(2) = Q 111111 Xk (1) = Xk (2) -A k. ;jnst HHAecca n cooTHouleutm iHa11orWIHbI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IZoAcraBiIRR (67) H (66), Ho,rlyvaeM: akn - 2 [wk LXkX,Z - mn LX?Xk] + XkXf = 0. (68} 2(wnwk) 6) 77apaJtAe1bnOe BKCllauexue ukoyKmuexocmu L B ,i[ecme cmat/Ca oayx ,eu,iuia (pxc. 4,6). Ha paccMaTpHnaemhia y3ea HpHxoARTCR c,naraeMblel: e I r Xk(1) S1) J alert 2(wn__ o ) IL C1(1)(`'n(1)-Xn(2))- Ci(1)(Xk(1)-`~k(2)) + + ') XkLXnL' dQL gkYkL L dt - k I -Q(1) qk Xk(I) u(1)dt=J- dt=~ L LC,(1) ox k LC., (1),2 ^k(1) XkL = 2 LC" (IN CooTHOmeHI1e Me:KAy TOKaMII B paccMaTpHSaeMOM y3:Ie (puc. 4,6): di(1) di(2) _ u(1) d t dtt I. (2Q(1) o2Q(2) I oQ(I) ot2 ot2 - LC., (1) Ox Xk(1) Xk(I)- kk(2) LC., (1) wk floACTaBJrRR (70) a (71) B (69), HoayeaeM: Xk(1) X,,(1) Xn(1) C.n(1) LCn(1)wr~ Ca(1) Yk(I)Xn(1) - 0. + 2LC1(1)wk w2a Ilprr HaJIVIHH oTBeTBaenH9 `(I) = U(2) HaH Xk (1) Xk (2) C., (1) C-r (2) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B) 17ocn.edoeamC.1bHoe etc.uwtekue e..MKOCmII C a .4tecme emuaca deyx ,luxait (pnc. 4,e). Ha paccMaTpnBaeMbl5 y3eJI (pHc. 4,e) IlpnxO,aHTCH: Xk(1) Xk(2) C,i(1) C~(2)) X,! -X,,(]) C Cn(1) -XC.1n(2)(2)) Xk ? (73) C (u(1) 3!(2))= Q(1)1 ()Q(1) I oQ(2) _ Q(l) Ci(1) ox C,(2) dx - C Xk(1) Xk(2) _ Xk C ih 3 LZ PH C. 5. CJIOx:Hblii y3eJ1 PHC. 6. Pacv.neaeHne CJIO?KHOrO y3Jla ;IAHHHOH JIHHHH. AJIHHHOH JIHHHH Ha npocTe lnue. r) Tlapanile1lbnoe ag.iro'tcuue e.lKOCmu C a .itecme Ctnuxa deyx .nunuu (Inc. 4,2). Ha paccMaTpxeaemblii y3eJI npnxojHTCH: () _ I k(t) l n(1) ( X akn 2(cuZ-c, C ' X,i(i)-X,3(2) I Cnl)Xk(1)-k(2) ) [ ( ) ( ( \\ (76) C dQ(11 C Q(1)-Q(2)==- C, (1) Ox , T. E. Xk(1)-Xk(2)=- (1) Xk. IToJ cTannHSI (77) B (76), noJlyHaeM: E Xk(1) c Xn(1) C , l = 0 ak'-2(ten-wk) Cn(1)~~~ C~(1)Xn~- C~(1)~- Cn(1)Xk I . PacCMOTpeHHbnl Bblule MBTEpnaJ! Mo?KHO o6o6Ii(HTb JjJIH y3Jla .nio6oH cao- - HOcTn. HanpaMep, B CJIO?KHOM y3JIe (pHc. 5) Mb! BpeMeHHO `MO?KeM npe,gycMOT- peTb L OHOJIHHTeJIbHble JIHHHH AJIHHO! Al, TNK 4TO6bl CXeMy pHC. 5 pa306IILHTb Ha TpI He3aBHCHMbIX yrJIa (pHC. 6). I43BeCTHO, 4T0 B CXeMe pnc. 6 K03I"H1 aeuT akrz paBea xynlo. Tenepb nepe51eM K npegeay Al -,>.o H nOJIy4HM, qTo akn=0 H B y3JIe no puc. 5. I-Io3TOMy B J11060FI caCTe Me 6e3 fOTepb K03IIIDHHHe HTbt akn, BXOJ.[HHI,H8 B CocTaB Bblpa?KeHnH 9!1C FHn Marnulnoro fOJIH T (16a), BCerAa paBHbl Hydllo. PaBeHCTBO HyjIK) KO311IpuHHe HTOB ck,l 1WKa3b1BaeTC5i aaaJIOra4HO. Xk Xn akrt .) `l 2 ~ C Xir - `Yk ~O. (75) rz k) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1. A. B. B b 10 JI e N, BoJIHOBble npoueccbl B 'HIIHBX nepeaa4H H TpaHC- qIopMaTOpax, OHTH, 1938. 2. B. A. Be HHKOB, F1. F. I' pyAHHCKH5, J1. d. 1M0X0BCKaB, H. H. Co J1 0 B b e B, A. M. (p e a o c e e B. O epKH 110 HCTOpHH 3HepreTH4e- CKOO TeXHHKH CCCP. 3JIeKTpH4eCKHe CHCTCMb! H 37CKTpHieCKHe CTn, r9H, 1955. 3. B. T. ITS e ac H H, IToBe aeHne HanpaBJIeHHOii 3au);HTb1 oTpHuaTe.nblOH noc.1e,aoBaTeJIbHOCTH C BbICOKO'acTOTHod 6J10KHpOBKON, C HHAyKUHOHHbIMH pene, B yC 1OBHBX nepexoaHoro ripouecca npH KOpOTKHX 3aMbIKaHHnX B J1HHHaX 400 KB, CHa63KeHHblx e.NKOCTHOii KOMncHcauncil. KaHA. AHcc., M31'I, 1953. 4. E. j. C a n H p, BbICOK04aCTOTHaH 3aLUHTa JIHHH3 nepe.ag c HpHMeue- kiHeM (JHJIbTpOB CHMNeTpH4HbIX COCTaBJIBKrulix, Kana. )lHCC., M3H, 1952. 5. KpaTKOe onHcaHHC aHHaMH4eCKoi MO)leJIH 3JIeKTpH4c0KHX CHCTeM. IIoj pea. npocb. B. A. BeHHKOaa, CHI4P M3H, 1955. 6. E. Gros s and L. R a b i n s, Transient analysis of three-phase power systems, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 1954, NN 3 H 5. 7. R. D. E v a n s and R. L. W i t z k e, Practical calculation of electri- cal transient on power systems, Trans. of the AIEE, T. 62, 1943, cTp. 690-695. 8. C. B. JI o c e B H A. B. 4 e p H H H, HpaKTHgeCKHii Mero. pacgeTa nepe- XOAHbIX npoueCCOB npll KOpOTKHX 3aMbrKaHHAX Ha J1HHHHX c pacnpejeneHHhlMH napaMeTpaMH, , 1957, No 4. 9. O. B. M a M 0 H T O B, PaCge'r nepeXOj[HbIX npOueCCOB B CJIO>KHbIX JIHHeil- HbIX uengX C HOMOH(blO HHTerpaJla (Dypbc, >, 1956, JNq 8. 10. P. H. K a p a e B, HepexOAHble npOueCCbl B Tpex4 a3ilblX AJ1HHHbIX JIHHH- six, KHbrx 3JICK- TpngCCKHX uenax, H3B. AH CCCP, OTH, 1950, Ns 10. 12. P K y p a H T H )j. F H a b 6 e p T, McTOAbI MaTeMaTHgeCKO4i (p I13HKH, f HTTJI, 1951. 13. Pc a e ii (,a>K. B. CTp3TT), Teopua 3ByKa, T. I, FHT T JI, 1955. 14. E. T. Y H T T e K e p, AHaJ1HTHIIeCKa5i AHHaMHKa. OHTH, 1937. 15. K. T e o A o p11 H K, ABe CHCTeMbI 3JIeKTpOMexaHHgeCKIIx allaJIOrHil C TO4- KH 3peHHa ypaBHeHHFi )jBH>KeHHB JlarpaH>Ka, )KTD, T. VIII, Bbm. 18, 1939. 16. P. P 1o A e H 6 e p r, Ilepexounble npoueccbi B 3JIeKTpo3Hepl'eTHgeCKHX CH- cTeMax, HJI, 1955. 17. A. H. K p bI 11 o B, JIeKUHH o npH6aHaceHHbIX BhIgHCJIeHHBx, I'HTTJI. 1950. 18. P. H. K a p a e B, Ilepexounble npOUeCCbl npH KO OTKHX 3aMblKan11aX B JIHHHIIX 6ou,wON npoTa>KeHHOCTH, :e,ieHHA TOKOB B BeTBAX 3ajaHHOH CXeMbI (pAC. 2,a) cJie,ayeT TpeylOJIbHIIK COHpOTHBJIeHHFi ZI , Z2 H Z3 (pnc. 2,6) Hpe- o6pa3OBaTb B 3KBHBaJ1eHTHyIO 3Be3j[y H B pe3yjlbTaTe HOJIy'-IHTb cxeMy CMeLUaHHOr'O COeJjHHeHHA HaccHBHbIX HeJIHHeIIHbIX H JIHHeFillb1X JjByXHOJIIOCHHKOB. PacgeT TaKOH CXeMbI iie Hpej[CTaBJIAeT 3aTpyL- HeHHFI. AHaJIOrli9Hbu1 CHOCO6oM MO}KHO HpOH3BeCTFI pacVeT 3JIeKTpHile- cKoH uenu H B TOM cJlygae, Korua B Ka}KjjylO BeTBb (pxc. 2,a) C HeJIHHeIiHbIM 3.neMeHTOM BKJIIO'ICHa, KpOMe HeJIHHeuHOr0 3JIeMenTa, KaTyHIKa, IIIIJYKT14BHO CB93aHHaB C OCTaJIbHbIMH HATbIO BeTBAM1IH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3. Mocmoeaft cxe a c mpe.nst He.luHeuHbt,ltu anemeHma.lu u c qembtpbAtst uHd yKmuexo cest3aHHbt,I2u Kamyutka.Mu. Ha plic. 3,a nOKa3aHa MOCTOBaH CXeMa C TpeMx HeJIHHeAHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH Z1 (I,), Z3 (13), Z (I) H TpeMH KaTYIIIKaMH Z2, Z3 H Z4, HH,aYKTHBHO CB5I- 3aHHbIMH Me>Kj y co6oi1. Kpome Toro, Kaxcj as KaTy1IIKa HMeeT' HH. yKTHBHyIO CBH3b C KaTyHIK014 Z0 , 3J1eKTpHqeCKH He COeaHHeHHO4 C jjpyFHMH BeTBHMH MOCTOBOfi CXeMbI H 3aMKHyTOfl Ha COnpOTHBJlc- HHe Harpy3KH Z0. Z, (r) a Zj 29(4) d Z3 4, 6~ PHc. 3. 9JIeKTpHeecxaH Henb C TpeMH HeJIHHeI4IHbiMII 3JIeMeHTaMH H TpeMH HHAYKTHBHO CBH3al1HbIMH KaTVHI- KaMH ii ee 3KBHBa,neHTHaH CXeMa. AJIH onpeje,ne ini napaMeTpob 3KBHBaJ1eHTHOK cxeMbl pHC. 3,6 BOCHOJIb3yeMCH McTO,aOM, I13JloxieHHbIM B [JI, 4), n HaHHHIeM Ha OCHOBaHHH BTOpOrO 3aKOHa KHpxro(Ja jJIH CXeMbl pHc. 3,a CJIejLvio- mHe ypaBHeHHH: U-Z(1)?I+z3(I3)./3+(Z3+j(OM43)I3+V4+)wM34)14+ + 1 (wM32 + -M42)/2) + 1 (wM30 + wM40)10; U=Z(I)-1+ZI(II)11+2212+1wM2313+1wM2414+1(-'M-O/O; Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O= Z1 V 1)' I1 + Z5I5 - (Z3I3 + JwM3212 + jwM34I4 + ]-M3010) - -Z3(I3)'I3; 0 - ZOIO + I j -M02 I2+ / wM0313 + 1 o)M0414, ZO=Z, O+Zu O. Bblpa3HB TOK IO H3 4eTBepioro ypaBHeHHH H HOaCTaBHB ero 3Ha- YeHHe B HepBoe, BTOpOe H TpeTbe ypaBHeHHH, HMeeM: U = Z (I 1 Z3 /13 .1 rZ wM WM"a wM J- 'M40)] I 1 ) l ) 3+L 3+i43+ Z? 30 I 3~ LZ4 JwM34 Z,4 (wM3o+("40)]I4+ + [ i (oM32 + wM42) + Zoe ~wM30 wM40)1 I2; -O=z (I)'I+Z1(II)'11+122+ZO j12+(I(OM23+ w ZraM2o)I3+ (JwM24 M",4-M20 ++ mZ " ~I4 U = Z1 (I1)' I1 +Z5I5 - Z3 (I3)' I3 - 1Z3 + ~W Zo?~2 1 I3 ) - (JwM34 + Z? ~ 14 - (JwM39 + Z(, ,I10JIb3ySICb HepBbIM 3aKOHOM KHpxrocpa, 3aMeHHM B HepBOM ypaB? ?HeHHH TOK 12 LIepe3 1-14, noc ie Nero HoJIy4HM: U== Z(I)'I+Z3(13)'13+Z3I3+Z4 I4+Z,I, Z3 = Z3 + jwM43 + WZ O3 (wM30 + t)M40); Z4 = Z4 + (wM(A - WM02) + 1 ((OM34 -- o)M39 - wM42) + (wM30 + wM40) Z? Z'== / (")M32 + ")M42) + oo2((uM30 + wM40)? AHaJIOrHxlHbIM HyTeM Ilpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHHI aim J1BYX AAyrH)c KOHTypoB: U= Z (I)'I +Z1 VII)'II +2212+ ZI II+Z'I; 0=Z1 (I1)'I1-I Z5I5-Z3(I3)'[3-Z3I3+Z1 `1+ Z5I5, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Z2 = Z2 - jwM42 + wM ,z (wM2o - wM4o); Z1 jwM32 - wM cdM ~~ 3? ; ZS =1 (wM32 - (OM34) Z-3n (wM02 - wM04) 0 BeII 6yAeT HMeTb TaK}Ke I3~ HH,I[YKTHBHYIO CB23b C OA- 6J HHM HJIH HeCKOJIbKHMH KOH- PHC. 4. Tpexo6MOTO4IHbIFt B03AyHIHbIF[ TpaHC- TypaMH, 3JIeKTPHLIeCKH He q)opMaTOp C TpeMSi Hej1HHeFiHbI.NH 3aleMeH- Coe,r nHe,iTHbIMH C BeTBHMH TaMH H ero 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxeMa. MOCTOBOIi CXeMbI, TO H B TOM cJIyilae MO)KHO allaJIorHtPHbIM HyTeM II'OJIy'IHTb 3KBHBa.TIeHTHyIO cxeMy, no,ao6HyI0 pHc. 3,6, H ,O'npeAeJIHTb TOKH BO BCeX BeTBHX. 4. T pexo6,11omoinbtu 6o3d ywubtu mpaxc?opJVtamop c mpemq lleAUHel Hbt Ylu 3JteJteItmahMu. AJIH Tpexo6MOTOLIHOrO B03,ZjynlHOrO TpaHC(~OpMaTOpa C TpeMH HeJIHHeI1HbIMH 3JICMeHTaMH Z1(11), Z2(I2) H Z3(13) (pHc. 4,a) cnpaBeaJIHBa 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxeMa [A. 551, rIOKa- 3aHHa5I Ha pHc. 4,6, rAe KOB. B BeTBSIX 3rolt cxeMbl He06XOJ1.H'MO Tpeyl'OJIbHI4K COnpOTHBJIeHui L2, Z4 H U (Z5+Z'5) npeo6pa3OBaTb B 3KBHBaJ1eHTHy}O 3Be3Jjy. 0-- r1oc.ne npeo6pa3'oBa1HH9 no- ayLIHTCSI cxeMa B BHAe cMe- IuaHHOrO C(>eAHHeHHH iie- JIHHeIiHblx H JIHHeIiHbIX naCCHB'HbIX ,aByXnOJIIOCHH- KOB, pacLPeT KOTOp01i y}Ke He npeaCTaBJISIeT 3allpyA- HOHHfl. Ec.na B KaxcAyIO BeTBb M-O'CTOBOI3 cXeMbI (pac. 3,a) z,f!,) C yKa3aiH,HbIMH HeJIH'Heu'HbI- MH 3JIeMeHTaMH 6yneT Ul BKJI}O Ha KaTyLUKa, HHAyK- THBHO CB513aH'Haa C oiCTaJIb- HbIMH fSITb1O BeTBH'MH, H eCJIH Ka3KAaH H3 3THX BeT- fOJlytleHHbIM ypaBHCHHSIM yAoB.neTBOpaeT 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxe- M J, npHBe. eHHan Ha pHC. 3,6. TOKII BO BCeX BeTB IX 3TOII cxeMbl IP HBHp5I)KOHHSI Ha 3a)Ki1Max HeJIHHeI'iHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB \216 HMeIOT TaKHe ]Ke 3HaLIeHII5I, Z,(I,) CZ2 KaK B 3aaaHHSH CXeMe pHC. 3,a. A.nx onpe.elexxx TO- M Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Z I =Z1 +1(aMi2+oM13); Z 2 = Z2+ 1(wMi2+(OM23); Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Zi =. Z3+1(w)'W'I+WN'32); 212-,__- j()\412; Z23 - fo)!1'123 H Z31 = - 5(')11131. IloC,ne Hpeo6pa3OBaHHH 3Be3jbI CUHpOTIIBJIeHHH Z1,,, L23 H Z31 B 9KBIi- BaJIeHTHbIH TpeyI'OJ1bHHK HOJIYgHM CXe,\1y B BH7e CIvIeuiaHlloro COeA11- HeHH2 HaCCHBHbIX HeJIHHe13HbIX 11 JIHHeHIHbIX jByXHOJIIOCHHKOB, KOTO- pylo 'IerKO paCC)iuTaTI, 113.7lo)FeHHbJM Bb!1He CHOCO6oM, 1. IZ. A. H 0 11 K H H, B3aHMHOe npeo6pa3oBaHHe TpeyrOJibHHKa 11 3Be3,1i,1 HPH HHAyKTHBHO}i CBH3H, >, 1940, N9 7. 2. H. A. 1'1 0 H K H H, TeopeMa TeBeHeHa B npHMeHeHHH K 9JICKTPHiieCKIIM HCHBM C HHAyKTHBHOH CBH3bIO, H3'CT, 1941, N9 5. 3. 1Z. A. 14 OH KH H, K BO'npOCy 0 uenax c MaFHHTIIOll CBA3bIO, M314, ;jHC- cepTauHa, 1941. 4. H. A. H 0 H K H H, 0 cxeMax 3aMen(en1H 3JIeKTPH4eCKHX Uenef c MarH11T- 110H CBa3bIO, >, 1947, N9 2. 5. H. A. H 0 H K H H, 0 CxeMaX 3aMelueHHa naCCHBHbIX MHOroHOJIK)CHHKOB, , 1950, N2 11. 6. H, A. H o H K H H, Pacie-r ueneH nepeMeHHoro TOKa C HHepUHOHHbIMH He- JIHHe}iHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH, >, 1954, N9 9. 7. M. H. JI e B H H, Bonpocbl o6uuec TeOPHH H pacveTa 3JIeKTPH4eCKHX H3Me pHTenbabIX ueneH, ROKTOpCKa5i AHCcepTaUHH, M3H, 1949. 8. P. A. B o p o H ID B H F. fi. H o H o m a p e B a, Kp:yroBbie amarpaMMbl npo MCCJIeAOBaHHH HeJIHHeHHbIX ueneH, KaH K09(IJ4HUHeHTb1 'a 1k qepe3 COOT BeTCTByFOIuHe reoMeTprl- 'ieCKHe 6e3pa3MepHble BeJIHgHHbl, HOCJIe Hpeo6pa30BaHHcl noJIygIaeM: Q2=-k,R b, k2UZ12R02 1 k-- b (h J (P K Roe Q I R,), + ARoz U b R0. 12 kg h,,b Q1, = h3 Ro. 1 Roz + ARo,) R0, + ARo2 (30) (31) (32) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 e) Paciem noHU;xc eNuR d enpeccuoHKOU Kpue0u Bd o.2b OCU CuM- Jiempuu ycmaHO8KU. AJ1H pacqeTa CHH}KeHH51 JlenpeCCHOHHOI1 KpH- BOH BAOJib OCII ocyLHaeMoro yqaCTKa Hai3JjeM nbe30MeTpHMeCKHIi Ha- HOP Ha IOBepXHOCTH 11, CHHTaa, HTO P=O, onpeJjeJIHM CHWKeHHe ,aenpeCCHOHHOII KPHBOII H3 yCJIOBHSI Oz = - h. (33) Pbe30MeTpoggeCKHi3 HanMp BJjOJIb OCH CHMMeTPHH BO4OHOHHxceHHn Bbl- pa}KaeTCSI C fOMOLn,b10 TOM }Ke (~yHKLI,IIH (D (cm. pHC. 8): h=22IIL(2K)QI+q)(L 2f/D)Q2 (34) 3Haa Q1 H Q2 H onpe,geJIHB no rpa4JHKaM puc. 7 H 8 BeJIH4HHb1 ali, L L-2D1 (2H) H ( 2H MO}KHO HacTH 3HagenHe Az. .IO' Z ,Q alm .u n/u QIK?Ua9as) 49 f,2 2 4 6a[ Pic, 9. 3aBneuMOCTH Q, h x Jo OT pacCTOnHHH Me>K)V ps1AaMH pa3H0HMeHHblx 3JIeKTp0AOH. Ha pHC. 9 113o6pa>KeHbI rpaCpHKu 3aBHCHMOCT11 y;jeJIbH01I-Harpy3- KH Ha aAeKTpOJ1, I,,, CHH}KeHHH V'pOBLIH rpyHTOBbIX BOJ( BAOJIb OCH KOTJIOBBHa H pacxoJja BOabI B OJjHOM HTJIOCjJHJIbTpe Q, paCCLIHTaHHbIX n0 OnHCaHHOII BbIHIe McTOJ(HKC JRJIA pa3JIHLIHbIX 3HaTICHLIii D. Ppuu pac'-IeTe HpHHHTbI CJIejjyiou ue pa3Mepbl pacnoJIO}KeHHA 3JIeKTpOJJOB H napaMeTpbl rpyHTOB: TOJIHWHHa CJIOH CyrJIHHKa H-==9,4 M, rJIy6H- Ha 3aJIO}KeHHH HTJIOC)IIJIbTpOB H aHOAOB 1 = 6, m pacCTOuHHe Mexcny Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3JIeKTpoAaMH B play b = 1,2 At, paCCTOHHHe Me) (JLY p1,gaMH 3JIeK- TpOAOB OT 0,6 jio 6 At, HIHPHHa KOTJIOBaHa (paCCTOAHHe me>Kay pa- ;iamH HrJIO(JHJIbTpOB) L = 42 At, rJIy6HHa BaKyyMa Hk = 5 At, pa- AHyc 3JIeKTpojioB r0=2,5 cit. HanpaxteHHe U=60 8, k2U=9 H 30 MM, ki,= 3,33.10-6 cM/cetc H k9~ =10-6 cat/cetc, y = 5.10`4 1 IOM. C.M. COnOCTaBJIeHHe pe3yJlbTaTOB pacneTa c gaHHbIMH MoAeJIHPJBa- HHH noKa3blBalOT xopOHlee coBnajeHHe. ECJIH npH MOJaeJIHp3BaHHH (cm. pHC. 3) Aim D = 2 M H k2U = 30 M rnJJIygeHo z = 2 M, TO paci-leT AJ151 3THX x{e napaMeTpoa jiaeT z =1,8 M. UJI51 Toro xce 3Ha4eHHll k2U H D = 0,6 M MojieJIHpJBaHHe (cm. pHc. 4) jiaeT z = = 1,4 M, a pacqeT 1,24 At. TaKHM o6pa3oM, pacxo}KJeHHe He npe- BblHlaeT 20 Cm, 'ITO fI,JIM OpI1eHTHp0B0LIHJr0 pac eTa BHOJIHe AJHy- CTHMO. 143 npHBeaeHHoro paC'leTa TaK)Ke CJIeAyeT, 'ITO aOnyCTHMaq Harpy3Ka Ha 3JIeKTpoA npH paAHyce al-lo, a r0=2,5 Cm H Y=: = 5.10-4 1 /o Yb ? cm n0 q)opMyJie, npeJJlo}1ceHHoF A. A. MyxMHbIM [JI. 10]: 10= 1,6 (a/ m) 110 j/5. 00-4.103=1,9 a/M; TaKIIM o6pa3oM, HpH Hanp5l}KeHHH U = 60 B aAH AaHHbIX napaMeT- POB rpyHTa H 3JleKTpOjioB HeACnyCTHMO yCTaHaBJIHBaTb 3JIeKTpOAbI Ha paCCTORHHH MexKAy pa3HOHMeHHbIMH 3jieKTpOAaMH, McHbHleM 4eM 1,4 At, TaK KaK npH 3TOM Harpy3Ka Ha 3JIeKTpOAbI npeBblulaeT MaKCHMaJIbHO AOnyCTHMyIO. 3. Y9eT BJIHS1HHA 3aBHCHMOCTN kj, OT E Ha npogecc BOAOIIOHH)KeHHSI B page HccJIeaOBaHHI3 3aMegeHO, 1ITO KO3(p(pHLiH,eHT (pHJIbTpaLHH 3aBHCHT OT Hanpa)KeHHOCTH E. 9TOT 3(14eKT, Ha3Ba,HHbIfl 34)4)eK'rOM (De,OpOBa, Ha6,rno.L aeTca AaJIeKO He BCer)La, TeM He McHee npeACTaB- .'IReT HCKOTO'pbII'l HHTepec paecMOTpeTb ytleT 3TOr0 34X)e'KTa npH pac- 4eTe BOJAOnoHH)KeHHH. 3aBHCHMOCTb KO3(i)4JHuHeHTa (JHJlbTpaUHI'P OT Hanp I)KeHHOCTH 3JIeKT'pHTIeCKorO nOJISI MO)KeT 6bITb npH6JIH}KeHHO BbIpaxKeHa JioMa- IIOII .,'IH'HiHeII (pnc. 10). O6bIqHO Hanp,0KeHH0CTb no.la E2, COOTBeTCTByIOHiaa BepXHe'My H3JIOMy KpHBOI%I, 3HaLIHTeJIbH,O 6OJIbHIe, '-IeM Hanpaa}KeHHOCTb nOJISI Ha 3JIeKTpojie, m npaKTHT-IeCKH rIpHX0A14TCH HMeTb AeJIo c y4IaCTKOM XapaKTepHCTHKH HH)Ke 3'roro H3JIOMa. ECJIH HaHpa}KeHHOCTb HOJIH Ha 3JIeKTp0Ae McHbllle E1, TO TaK KaK B OCTaJIbHOH gaCTH HOAR Ha- npSI}KeHHOCTb HOJIH eHie McHbuIe, TO ko, BO Bce13 o6JIacTH rpyHTa nOCTOAHeH H ero MO}KHO CT1HTaTb paBHbIM k fit -IT npHHHMaTb MCTO- AHKy MojieJIHpoBaHHx, onHCaHHyIO paHee. BJIH'HHHe 3aBHCHMOCTH ko OT E MO)KCT 6bITb cym.eCTBe'HHbIM B TOM CJIy'-Iae, KOrAa Hanpal}KeHHOCTb HOAR Ha 3JIeKTpOJe E0 > E1. PaCCMOTpHM CJIy4laI3, KOr)7a El < E0 < E2. r1yCTb JIHHIIH paBHOI-I HanpH}KCHHOCTH nOJIH (3KBajieHca), COOTBeTCTBylolgaa E = E1, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 "meeT BHA oxpy}KHOCTH paAHyca r1 C 1,eHTpOM, CoB[la,RalomHM C OCbJO xaTOAa (pHc. 11). B npaKTHttieCK11X yCJIOBH5IX B6JIH3H IZHJIHHApHggeCKHX KaTOAOB HanlSI}KeHHOCTb nOJIH 6bICTpo y6bIBaeT H JIHHHSI p%OBI[OH Hanp5IM eH- HOCTH BeCbMa 6JIH3Ka K OKpy)KHOCTH. B TaKOM CJiytiae 1I3MeHeHHe rHApO1[HHaMHtIeCKOro COnpOTHBJIeHHH B npHKaTOAHOH )6JiaCTH MO- w, T 6bITb HOI1,CgHTaHO KaK pa3HOCTb rnApOAHHaMH'tIe0KHx conpC':THB- JIeHHri ABYX KoaKCHa.IbHbIX H,IIJIHH- ApOB C BHCHIHHM paAHYCOM r1 H BHYTpeHHHM ro. Pa36epeM ABa cJly- Bas: tK0 1 1 E 1 ~ Eo Es E , PHd, 10. YnpOLueHHaH 3aBHCHMOCTb g 0CH 11. NKa OleMa 30HhI Oe NOBbI N1 eHHb1- Ha ly l~ 9J1eKa HT k OT MH 4)HJlbTpall$0HHbIMH CBO4ICTBaMH. np%)KeHOJTH 3JLeTpHgeCKOrO nong E. a) k = k,,1= Const; I k 6) ko=k~I+kE2-EII(E-E1)= (35) kg0-kgl (E-EI)> h~1 Eo - E> r&e k4o H E0 - KO34 FLHeHT (HJIbTpauHH H Hanp5 KeHHOCTb FOJI51 Ha nOBepXHOCTH 3JIeKTpoaa. PaccgHTaeM o6a 9TH ruApOAHHaMH4eCKHe conpoTHBJIeHHSI. VIA B cjiytlae a) rHapoAnHaMHHecxoe ConpoTHBJIeHHe Me)KAy ABY KoaKCHaJIbHbIMH II;HJIHH,i(paMH nOACHHTbIBaeTC5i no o611JeH3BeCTHOH 4)opMyJle I ri (36) R,1 = Talks 1 In r~ . B c,nyqae 6) AJIa noACgeTa conpOTHBJIeFHH Heo6xoAHMO ytieCTb 3aBHC14MOCTb Ko3 x uu,HeHTa IluJIbTpaumi kf OT paUllyca. TaK KaK IIpH paAma?IbHOM paCTeKalHH TOKa Hanpl Ke11HOCTb noJIa 06paTHO nponopl>,HOHaJIbHa paJHycy Eoro = E1r1= Er, 6 TpyAL1 N19H, Burn. XXVII. (37) 81 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1 I E - E1 r rl En - E1 - 1 1 r0 r1 i 1 ro r1--ro r -_r1--rr, k(- kij I + (k C r o k 1) 1r? r ri-r0 r r1-r0~ ky 1r1_- k jor, __ (k i o - k I) rorl air + a2r1 (38) (39) rAe a1 _k lrl-krl?r,, _(k0 -kr,,1)ro r1-rig a a 2y r1-r0 r11JjpOJjHHaMH4eCKOe COHPOTHBJ1eHHe Me>Kjjy JjBYM51 UHJIHHJjpFI4eC- K11MH Tpy6KaMH _r, r, dr dr (al -}- a2) rl 'R,2 2arlk $ 2nl (air + a r ~aa l~n a r (40) 2 1) 1 0+a2ri' ro ro r1OJjCTaBJIHH Bblpa)KeHHH al H a2, HOJIy4aeM: r _ 1 1 ri k,,Ir1 R,2 2a1k~1 ' 1 - rok,, o In )io or, (41) rlk1 TaKHM o6pa3oM, yMeHbieFiHe rHJjpoJjHHaMH4ecKoro COHpOTHBJ1eHH51 I1pHaHOJjH )I{ 3OHbI 3a c'eT 3aBHCHMOCTH KO3(p(JHUHeHTa q)HJIbTpa1 nu OT HaFpH}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKTpH4eCKoro HOJIH ARE MO)KeT 6blTb HOAC4H- TaHO no cJleJjylOHjelF CpopMyJIe: r, 1 r1 _ rl r1kr11 Rz- I In ro , In (42) o 2 2niko rok, o n k 9 r1 1 AOHOJIHHTeJIbHoe reoMeTpH4eCKoe COHPOTHBJIeHHe ARo, o6yCJIOBJIeH- Hoe riepeXOJjoM OT H,HJIHHJjpH4eCKHX 3JIeKTpoJ(OB K HJIOCKHM [CM. Bbl- Bblpa}KeHHe (15)], Hpu MOJjeJIHpOBaHHH rHJjpo4HF1aMH4ecKoro HOJIH B paccMaTpHBaeMOM c iygae AOJl3KHO 6blTb yMeHbuJeHO Ha BeJII14HHy ARO,E = AR,Ek ;1 b. (43) ECJIH HafpHN{eHHOCTb 3JIeKTpH4ecKoro HOJIH Ha HOBepXHOCTII 3JIeKTpoga npeBblmaeT BeJ1H4HHy E2, TO conpOTHBJleHHe npH3JIeK- 82 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 TPOAHOH 30Hb1 CJleuyeT pa36HTb Ha ABe LiaCTH: nepBaH tIacTb ro < r < r2, rue k,), = kg 2, a BTOpaii uacTb r2 < r < r I , rue k0 H3Me- HHeTCH no JIHHeUHOMy 3aKOHy. B TaKOM c iyTlae rnJ1poJ1nHaMmeCKOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe Me}KRy 3JIeKTPOJIOM H u1IHHjjpHqeCKOIi riOBepXHOCTb1o paaHyca MO}KeT 6bITb nOJ1C4HTaHO B COOTBCTCTBHH C (41) no cJleuylo- fuei=i q)opMylie: r2 Ti kg Irl In r2 R~ - 1n - . (44) 3 2nik i r2 kq 2 k12r2 + zn1kg 2 ro r ri k~~ l BO Bcex pact]eTax yuo6HO fOJ1b3OBaTbCfl IIOHIITHeM BKBHBaJIeHTHOrO paunyca 9neKTpoAa, KOTOpblli no.nylaeTCH, ec in HPHpaBHRTb COnpO- THBJIeHHe Rz2 HJIH Rz3 COnpOTHBJIeHHIO n,HJIHHJ[pHLieCKOH Tpy6KH C HeKOTOpbIM (pIIKTHBHbIM 3KBHBaJ1eHTHb]M pauwyco raKe+ HO B cpeue CO 3HatIeHHeM kP TaKHM }Ke, KaK 11 JJln Bcero rpyHTa, T. e. k. = ka 1 ? = 1 ri Rz3 2nik In r J-1 9Ke B TBKOM cjiyqae, npHpaBHHBaH COOTBeTCTBYIOIuHe 3HaWHHA RZ, no- JIy4HM CJ1eay10HJyK) ((fopmyJIy aJIH 3KBIIBaJIeHTHOt0 paj[HyCa: ~ a s k raKe _ rl (2)() r2 1 ri kqi rue a = r2k, 2 kq 22 rikg i (45) 3Ha4e1iHH paunyCOB r1 H r,, MoryT 6blTb J1erKo nO,cg11TaHb1 n3 yCJIO- BHH Eoro=E1r1 =E.,r2= tz?'o rJle Jo - TOK iia e,LwHiIUy J[JIHHbI 3JIeKTPOAa. TaKITM 06pa3OM, _ IoP __ lop rI = 27E1 a r2 2nE2 (46) Pa3yMee1'CA, LITO B cJlytlae, KorJia pactieT uae r r0 < r0, cjieuyeT nPHHHMaTb r2=ro; TO }Ke CaMOe OTHOCHTCSI K r1. C nOMO111b1O 3HaLIeHH!'( 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIX pauHYCOB peulenne 3auailH M0)KeT 6bITb CBeueHO K y3Ke paCCMOTpeIIHb1M CJIygacM, B KOTOPbIX B 4)opMyJle (17) BMeCTO ro CJleuyeT HOJ[CTaBHTb 3HaLleHHe raKe' 6* 8a Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B Ka4ecTBe npHMepa pacieTa Q H h c yveTOM 113MeHeHHfl KO3(( HUHeHTa ([)HJ1bTpaUHH k f, OT HanpH}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKTpH4eCKOro HIOJifl paCCMOTPHM cnyvait, Korja 3aBHCHMOCTb k. (E) npeACTaBJ4eHa KpHBON pHC. 12. IIpn 3aAaHHOM 3Ha- 4eHHH E? Ha 3:IeKTpoAe paiHyca r,= 2,5 CM, COOTBeTCTBVK)IUeM yaeJlbH0 f Harpy3Ke I,= 2,67 a/M (npn paCCTOtHHH Mexc)iy pHAaMH 3JICKTpOAOB D=0,6 M), no (46) Hak4AeM r1 n r2 (paccTOnHna OT OCH 3JIeKTpOAOB), OTBegaloluHX Hanp l- }KeHHOCTHM 9JIeKTpn'feCKOro nOJia COOTBeTCTBeHHO E1 = I e/ci H E2=3 6/CM: r1 = 8,5 cm; r2 = 2,84 cm. 9KBHBaJienTHbIN paAHyc BJieKTpoAa, cOOTBeTcTBYIOutHkl HOCTOflHHOMy 3HageHH,o Ko3(()(IJHUHeHTa ?)HJIbTpauHH k,,1, onpeAeJIHTCt n3 (45): a = 6,66; (f = 0,367; r3k8 = 4,0 cM. /BeJIH4eHHe 9KBHBaJIeHTHOrO paAHyca 3JieKTpoaa cKa3KeTC54 TOJIbKO na yMeHb- IHeHHH aOnOJIHHTeJlbHoro rnApoJHHaMH9ecKoro COnpOTHBJIeHH44. B (17) BMecTO .rc nOACTaBHM ra K0. TorAa ARo z(E) = 0,050. 3Ha,ienHB Ro? R03, (-h--) onpeueJixloTCH H3 pHc. 5, 7 ii 8. PacxoA BOAbI B OAHOM KKaTOAe H noBepxHOCTb HyJleaoro AaBJ1 HH4 (p = 0) B CepeAHHe KoTJIoBaHa onpeAeJitiioTC9 no (32) H (34): Qx = 2,61 .n./ti, h = Az = 0,542 M. KaK BHAHO H3 npHBeOeHHOro npHMepa AJIH H3oTponHoro rpyHTa, 3aBHCH- MOCTb K0941([InUHeHTa (lHJIbTpauHH OT Hanpn}KeHHOCTit 9JIeKTpH'ieCKOFO 1OJIH B yKa3aHHbIX npeueJiax npaKTH4eCKH He OKa3bIBaeT BJIHBHHH Ha H3MeHeHHe KaK PacxoAa BOAbI B HCJIO(pHJIbTpaX, TaK H 11OBepXHOCTH HyjIeBOrO AaBJIeHHa (p=0). OAHaKo 6OJIbU10e BJIHHHHe MO)(eT OKa3aTb 3aBHCH.NOCTb k , OT E B cnyqae BOAOIIOHH?KeHHa B allH30Tp0nnbIX rpyHTaX. O6bi4H0 CJIOHCTaa CTpyKTypa rpyHTa, iMeloluerO 3Ha4HTeJIbHO 6OJIbIHHkl K09(11(IJHUHeHT (DHJIbTpauHn B ropH30HTaJIbHOM Hanpaa.leHHH, npH 3a6HBKe HrJIOq)HJibTpOB HapylnaeTCH. B6JIH3H nOBepXHOCTH HrJIo4 HJIbTpOB C03AaeTC51 CJIOFI HapynleHHOkt CTpVKTypbI (pHC. 13), K0a j HUHeUT (1)HJlbTpaUHH KOTOpOrO MHOrO McHblUe, qeM OCTaJlbHoro rpyHTa B rOpH30HTaJ1b- HOM HanpaBJIeHHH. PacCMOTpHM ABa npHMepa paC4eTa Q H h B aHH3OTpOnnOf cpeOe: a) 6e3 97eKTpH,ieCKOro Bo3AeHCTBHH H 6) npH HaJIH4Hn 3JIeKTpO00MOCa. a) LJIa rpyHTa CJIOHCTO3 HeOAHOpOAH0"r1 CTpyKTypbl (pnc. 13) K03(gHUHeuT 4)uJIbTpauaH no ocu z npHMeM paBHbIM k( = 10-6 cM/Cew, a no OCH x k~7x = YcpeAHeHHbI4t K03(14HUHCHT (4HJIbTpaUHH [JI. 61 6yAeT: kIf.cp = V ky zkrjx = 10kqcz = 10-5 cM/ceK. Taii KaK npeieJibl H3MeHeHHfl K03(14HUHeHTa 3JIeKTp000M0ca k3 H yAeJIbllOk 9 JIeKTpOnpOBOAHOCTH 7 AJIH pa3JIH4HbIX rpyHTOB 6bIBalOT 311agHTeJIbuO McHbiUe (B npeaeJlax OAHOCO nOpaAKa), 'ieM npeAeJlbl H3MeHeHH51 ki,, (HeCKOJIbKO riopflA- KOB), TO HX 3Ha4etiHII npHMeM paBHbIMH no BceM OC51M KOOpAHHaT (k3 = kax = = k3}, = kaz = 5.10-5 cM2/e .ceK; 7 = 7 = 1 = i = 1 0 4 11'OM ? CM). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Jim Mo1eJ1HpOBaHH51 n pae eTa HeO6XOAHMO JIHHeoHbie pa3Mepb1 no ocH x c)KaTb nponOpuHOHaJlbHO' / knZ [JI. 6]. TorAa aim KOT.70BaHa pnc. I n pac- t kgx CTORHHB MCNC,1y pAAaMH pa3HOHMeHHbIX 9JIeKTpOJ10B D=2,0 M no.1yYHM: L' = 4,2 M; D' = 0,2 M. To.InlHHa cyrJIHHHCTOrO CJ1054 ocTaxeTCH npe)KHeil, T. e. H = 9,4 M. 9JIeKTpoAbI Bo3bMeM Toro ]Ke paAHyca, 'IT0 H B paccMOTpeHHblx paHee CJIy9a5IX, T. e. r0= = 2,5 cM. A K PHc. 12. YlipouieHHaH 3aBHCHMOCTb k oT E Aim pacoeTa Q H h. 3310cem 1 I E,-/8/c c E128/cuE;3,48/car PHc. 13. CxeMaTHVecKoe H30- 6pax(eHHe c.lou HapymeHHoro rpyHTa B6JIH3H HOBepxHOCTH HrJIO(4HJlbTpa. BoKpyr HrJIO(OHJIbTp0B H3-3a HapyuleHnH CTpyKTypbI rpyHTa npH Hx Ho- caJnKe o6pa3yeTCH H,HJIHHApH'IeCKHM CJIOH MCJIK03epHHCT000 rpyHTa (pHC. 13), Ko9clMiM1 (HeHT (()HJIbTpaRHH KOTOporo k ,n paBen K03(1(!)H11HeHTy (!HJIbTpaIIHH rpyHTa no ocn z: k?,.,1 = krf.x = 10-6 cM/ceK. TOJInUHHY 9TOro CJ105i B03bMeM paBHoH paAHycy 9JIeKTpo1 a, T. e. 2,5 cm. ,II,JIH yveTa 3TOro CJIOH C McHbInuM k , COOTBCTCTBeHHO yMeHbmaeTCH 9KBH- BaJIeHTHbIH pa.aHyc HrJ1o(JHJIbTpa rage, KOTOpblu onpeJenaeTCH no (45): rage = 5.10-30 cm. x ,L[JIH k2 = 0,29 n no rpa(jHKaM pnc. 7 H 8 HaSAeM 3Ha'ieHH5i R0z H (-): 1; 4(H)=(D(18~8)=0,76. IJO1OJIHHTeJIbHOe reoMeTpH9eCKoe 6e3p/a3Mepnoe ConpOTHBJIeHne BOAOCTOKy on- peAennrl no (17): ARpz = 2,23. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 11px OTCYTCTBIIH ROHOnHHTenbHoro rHApOAHHaMH4eCKOrO COIIpOTHBJIeHHB BoKpyr Hrno4rHnbTpa ORoz = 0,065. TaKHM o6pa3OM, pacxoA BOAbI 4epe3 HrJIoI~HJIbTp H IIOHHNKeHHe noBepx- HOCTH HyJIeBOro Aa3neuaB (P=O) B cepe3HHe KOTJIOBaHa 6e3 npHMeHeHHH 3neKTpoocMoca coCTaBJBeT: kqcp H,,b = 0,82 n/4; R0, + ARoz 2Hkt(2H ) A R0z 6) Ec.IIH HpHHHTb, 'ITO HpH HaJIHYHH 3neKTpO00MOCa KOM:]XyHLHeHT (1I1.'Ib- TpaUHH k 122 HpHKaTOAHOro CJIOH yBenHVHBaeTCH B 30 pa3, TO r9 8=r0=2,5 CM, Roz=0,475. I1pHHHMaH k9=5.10-,5 CM2/8?ceK, 11=60 8; i=5.10-4 I/ch?ceK, HacueM no (popMynaM (32) H (34): QK(H, E) -5,12 A/K; h (H, E)-Az=7,475 M. ha3HOCTb pacxoAa OT COBMeCTHOFO B03AeRCTBHII rpaLHeHTOB h H 'p [Q (H, E)] H pacxoAOM TOJIbKO OT rpaaHeHTa h [Q, H, 0)] COCTaBJBCT BeJH'HHy AQ-- Q(H, E)-Q(H, 0)-=5,12-0,82=:4,3 H3 pacCMOTPUHHOrO npHMepa BI'I,J.HO, 4TO B aHH3OTponllb1X rpyll- Tax np!HHH'Ta I B pac(IeTe 3aBHCHM(YCTb xo34x1)H'uHeHTa 1)HJIbTpauuil oT Hanpul}KeHHOCTH 3JIeKT'pH(IeaKOrO nOJIH MO)KeT HpHBeCTH K Cywe- CTBeHHOMy yBeJIHT1eHHI0 paicxoj a BOJJbI 4epe3 13FJ10(pHJIbTp H j0H0JI- HHTeJIbHOMy nOHH}KeHHIO YPOBHH rIOBepXHOCTH ;HyJIeBOPO JiaBJIeHHA B ueHTpe KOTJIOBaHa. B 3TOM cjly4ae n'pa HaJIO}KeHd311 3JIeKTpH''1eCKOro IIOJIH yBeJIH'-I,eHI-Ie pacxoja H n0HH}KeHHe yp0BHf1 nOBepXHOCTH HyJIe- BOPO aaBJIeHHH npOHCXOAHT B OOHO'BHOM 3a C'MeT yBeJIHqeHHH (11I.'Ib- TpauHH B HpHKaTO,WHO;M CJIOe. 1. CO1-17CTaBJIeHHe pac4eTa no npeAJIara'eMoi McTOAHKe c AaH- HbIMH MO,JeJInp0BaHH54 n0Ka3bIBaeT xopoiuee coBnajeHHe pe3yJlb- TaTOB. 2. Pa3pa6oTaHHbII3 M,eTOA IiaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb paCC4HTaTb 3JIeK- TpOocMoTIT(1eCKOe BOJIOno}HiKe4IHe, He npH6erasl K MOAeJIHPOBaHHJ0. 1. K. M. rJOJIHBaHOB, A. B. HeTyHIHJI, J1. B. K y 3 b m e H K 0, HpHMeHeHHe 3JIeKTp000M0TH4eCKoro TeXHH4eCKHX coopy}KeHHBX, , 1951, Ne 8. H. M. BypaaK, B03,aefCTBHH B rHApo- 2. A. B. H e T y m H JI, K. M. 11 o Jill H a H 0 B, K pac4eTy HpoCecCOB (])HJIbTpa- I1IIH HpH HaJIH4HH 3neKTp00CMOTH4eCKoro B03AeAICTBHll, }KT(D, T. XXII, 1952, BbIH. 1. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3. H. M. B y p A a K, PacqeT BOAonoHn7Keu1 1 npH 3JIeKTP000MOTHYeCKOM B03AeHcTBHH, TpyAbl M314, Bbin. XIV, Foca 0 bH3 a , it, 1953. OCHOBbI 4. M. 14. repCeBaii0B H a. MexaHHKH rpyHTOB it ux npaKTl'ecxoe E. 11 npHMeHeHHe, roc3HeprOH3aaT, MOCKBa, 1948. 5. Fl. H. A p r y H 0 B, PacqeT MHOropBAHbIX JIHHeiiHbIX nrno4JHJlbTPOBb X ycTaHoBOX. CT'poHTeJ1bHoe BOA'OnOHHweHHe, mipoMexaxHKa H (4H3HKa rpywrOBTU BOA? C6OPHHK N?_ 20 HI'114 OCHOBaHHH H (IyHAaMeHTOB. r?C. H3A. J1H1epaTYPbi II0 CTpOHTenbCTBy H apxHTeKType, 1952. 6. A. 3oTp?nHbl B cpeAax, yTpyabl MDI4, Bbin. XIV, Foc3HeproH AaT,,H1953. B anu 7. F). A, P)K a H H q bI H, 3JIeKTpoocymeHHe rJIHHHCTbIX rPYHTOB. 1ICKyc- CTBeHHOe 3aKpenJleHHe rpyHTOB. C60pHHK N4 23 H1414 OCHOBaHHO H 4)yHAaMeHTOB. rOC. JI D. (D e bl po B, OnhITb n TxeCKOrOK npHMeHeHHH cnoco6a 3JIeK- 7a E. ~ e A ? P 0 Pa HTOB TpoocylneHHA r.IHHHCTbIX rpyHTOB. NHK CCTBe HOer?c a (pe JIeHTepaTypbl B C60pHHK N?_ 23 H1414 oCHOBaHHa H 4y A CTpOIITeJIbCTBY H apXHTeKTYpe11954. 8. A. M. B a it a 6 y x a, MaTeMaTHeCKHH paCeT HeKOTOpbix nojief 9JIeKTPOCTaTHKH, c.TeopeTHVeCKaa H 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHaa 9JIeKTpoTeXHHKa>>. 1932, NJ 1-2. 9. K. K. T a 6 a K C, PacueT 3JIeKTpnueCKHx no ie3i AJi i HeKOTOpbIX 3ala9 Bb I00KovaCTOTHOro HarpeBa. TpyAbl M31I, Bbin. XIV, roc3HeproH3AaT, 1953. 10. A. A. M y x H H, OnpeAeJieHHe MaxcHMaJIbno AOny0THMb1 P}Harpy3oK H 9JIeKTpOAbI npH 9JIeKTpO00MOTHecKOM BOAonOHH)KeHHH, T Abi Bbin. XVIII, roc3HeprOH3AaT, 1956. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 YPABHEHHR IIEPEXORHbIX IIPOUECCOB B CTATN'{ECKHX 3JIEMEHTAX CETN, OTHECEHHbIE K BPALUAIOIi[EI=ICSI CNCTEME KOOP HHAT Kand. mexn. Hayk, doi.enm C. B. Cmpaxoe 1. BseAeHHe ~tJIH TOPO gI'06bI HMeTb BO3MO)KHOCTb IIccJIe, oBaTb nepexolIHb1e 9JIeKTpoMexaHHgecKHe npOueCCbl B 3JfeKTpHgecKHX uemix, co. epxca- IuTix pa3JIN14HbI-e 3JIeMeHTbI (reHepaTOpbI, J BHraTeJIH, JIIIHHH, Ha- rpy3KH, eMKOCTIj H T. )j.), Hy}KHO 3HBTb ypaB_HeHHH 3THX ripOueCCOB He TOJIbKO B CH'HXPOIIHbTX H aCHHXpOHHbIx Ma1lHHax, HO TaKxce H B CTaTHHecKHX 3J1eMeHTax CeTH (JIHHIIH, I1arpy3KH, eMKOCTH), OTHO- CSI HX K cHCTeMe KOOpJ.jHHaT, BpaLuaIOIuefcH, BOO6Lue rOBOPH, C HpO- H3BOJTbHOFf yrJIOBOfi CKOpOCTbIO "k. ;IJIH CHHXpOHHb1X (HpH Ha)TJie>KalueI Bb16cpe 1. 2]) H .J151 aCHHXpOHHbIX (npHl J1I060M Bb16ope 0)k [n. 3]~ MdIHHH, 3T0 HpeO6pa30BaHHe Heo6xoJ[HMo JjJIa HCKJHOtIeHIiH nepHOJ[HgeCKHX KO34HgHeJITOB H3 FIX HCXOJjHbIX ypaBHefIIIt, T. e. ypaBIIeimF, 3anH- caHHbIX B ()a3Hb[X KOOp)jHHaTax. ,L[JI51 crBrogecxHX 3JIeMeHTO'B CeTIP 9TO Hpeo6pa3oBaHHe Heo6XO- JjHMO HO'rOMy, lTO ypaBBeHim JjJIq BCeI3 CHCTeMbI B ue.]TOM npH Ha rj- JIexcaLL eM Bbi6ope o)k 6YJjyT upon e, ec.nli ypaBHeBH9 Bcex ee 3JIe- meHTOB OTHOCHTb K BpaujaloHjHMCH oCIIM [1I. 4]. 1'1 Hao6opoT, ypaB- HeHHH BCej CHCTeMbI B ueJIoM 6yJjyT cac)xKHee, ecJIH ypaBHeHm5i cTa- THgeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB oCTaBJI51Tb 3an1CaHHbIMH B (lJa3HbIX KOOpJjH- Ha'rax If B TOIIKaX HX npHMbIKaHHR K OCTaJIb'.-IOf uenH 3an JCbrBaTb ypaBHeHH2 CB,93H M~?K,Ijy BpaH aioLLjHMHCH H (Ja3HbIMH KOOpJjHHa- Ta Ml l jJI. 4]. UpIJ BbIBOJe ypaBHeimil nepexoJHbIX npoueCCOB B CTaTHLIecKHx 3.IleMeHTax uenN MbI 6yJjeM HOJIB30BaTbC5T o6o6meHHbIMH npeo6pa- 30BaIHiII5IMII IlapKa HJ[H, iiHa-ie POBOp 1, CHCTCIMOFI KOOpJ.jHfHfaT (Ik, q k, 0. 2. JIHHHA nepeAagH B ueJmx HOJ1yLIeHI151 HaH6ojiee O6LLHX pe3yJibTaTOB, )iaJjHM BbIBO,1 ypaBHeHHFf nepeXO,2HbIX npoueCCOB JJISI JIHHHH nepeaagH, He npHMbJ- KafOLueFi CBOHMH KOHuaMH K nIHHBM reuepaTOpa, is OCSIM, iKeCTKO 88 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CB93aHHbIM C POTOPOM KOTOporo, MbI 6yAeM OTHOCHTh ee ypaBHeHHi. HHa9e rOBOpH, 3T0 o3Ha-aeT, 9T0 ypaBHeHuR JIHHHH Mb! 6yAeM OTHO- CHTb K CHCTenie KOOpj[HHaT, BpaulaloLueucH C npOH3BOJIbHOII yrJIOBOII CKOPOCTb1O Wk. 3anuuieM HCXOAHb1e ypaBHeHHR 3aKOHa OMa H nOTOKOCuenJleHHli B O)a3HbIX KOOpAHHaTaX j[JIH JIHHHH ,71 (pHC. 1): 1u27 1 77 i'n1 = Iu1] - r., [i,i d [' ] -- dt ' ffj-= [L,il [in)' (1) 3Ha9eHHR MaTPHL[ [u1], [LA], [LA] n j>p. jaHbI B npujlO}KeHHn 1 (H-1). Ka?K,aaH ())a3a JIHHHH u eeT COHpOTHBJIeHHe r,1 n HHjjyKTHBHOCTb L 1. B3auMHaH HH4yKTIBHOCTb Me)c,L y 4)a3aMH JIHHHH paBHa Mi. O603Ha- 9eHHH BCeX TOKOB n Hanpf}KeHHFi aaHbl Ha cxeie p ic. 1. Cca,tc LC'c Urd U1q ' U/o U/0' Li/b, U/c L9d'U34 end ?_q tno ?o jb 'yd ''wa lwq, Lwb two' Lwc led ' ICa LCq ' ICb cc,. icc U2d'U2a ?2q ? UZb 'V20, UZc ,1J151 OTHeceHHR ypaBHenuM JIHHHH K KOOPaHHaTHb1M OCRM, Bpa- uI,a10II.1,HMCR C npOH3BOJIbHOH yrJIOBOI! CKOpOCTb1O Wk, BBOJ HM MaTpuuy npeo6pa3oBaHHi1, npeaCTaBJ1R1onI,y1O co6oi o6o6HieHHoe npeo6pa3o- BaHue flapKa: Cos (1k _ 2 - sin 11k [Ak] _ 3 1 cos (9k - 120?) cos (0k + 120?) sin (1)k - 120?) - sin (1 k -I- 120?) . (2) 1 1 2 2 3j),ecb (ik - yrOJI Me)Kjiy MaFHHTHOII OCbIO 4)a3b1 a CTaTopa KaKoro- JIn60 CHHXpOHHOro renepaTopa n OCbiO dk, Bpamaion eHCR c npOH3- BOJIbHOII yrJIOB0H CKOPOCTbFO CHCTeMbI KOOpj1,HHaT dk, qk, 0 (puc. 2). Bce BeJIH9HHbI nOCJIe npeo6pa3oBaHHH 6yAeM o603Ha11aTb llITpH- XOM. HanpoKeHHe B T09KC I [u:l OTHeCeM K OCRM, }I{eCTKO CB23aH- 89 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IIbIM C POTOPOM CT1 H BpaU.taiomfimCB c yrJiosoi CKOpOCTblo.1w1. Hanp5I3KeHHe B TOqKe 2 [u'] OTHeCeM K OCBM, }KeCTKO CBH3aHHbIM c poTOpoM CF2 H BpaiualofWHMCH C yFJIOBOH CKOPOCTbIO cue. Ha OCHOBaHHH cKa3aulioro MO)KeM 3anHcaTb: Lu'] _ [ 41] [u1]; [uZ]-[A2] [u2] H T. A. (3) MaTpHubl [AI] H [A2] no,ny,iaIoTCB 113 (2) npu k= 1, 2. Yr.nbi d, II ()2 AaHbI Ha pHC. 2. C PHC. 2. B3aHMH0e pacno io)KeHHe KOOp1IHHaTHbIX oceh H MarHHTHbIX oceii O6MOTOK CHHXPOHHbIX MaIHHH. MaTpHubl [u H [U2] H B pa3BepHyTOM BHAe paBeHCTBO (3), Ha- npHMep, AJISI [u2], AaHbl B npHJloxceHHH 1 (fl-2) H (11-3). TaK KaK ypaBHeHHSI JIHHHH JI MbI OTHOCHM K OCSIM, BpaulaloIAHMCI1 C IPOH3BOJIbHOFi yrJIOBOIii CKOpOCTbIO wk, TO 6yAeM HMeTb: [i.z]-[Akl [i.i, [I']=[Ak] [WW4J. (4) i\ aTpHubl [iA] H [II ] H B pa3BePHYTOM BHAe paBeHCTBO (4), HanpH- Mep aim [is], AaHbl B npHJIO}KeHHH 1 (fI-4) H (fI-5). flpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHH (1). TJJIR 3TOrO yMHO}KHM cilesa o6e gaCTH (1) AJISI HanpHI KeHHI3 Ha [Ak]. C yLIeTOM (4) no,ny~inr: Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 [Ak] [u2] - [Ak] [u,] - r:i [Ak] [l.a] - [Ak] d [41,1 dt d [IVA l + d [Akl [`FA]? (5) [Ak] full dt T dt $BOAHM o6paTHble MaTpHubI [J1. 5, 6] npeo6pa3OBaHHFi [A1 I], [Az'], [Ak' [u2] = [A2'] [u21, [u, ] _ [AI 'l [u'], [ `FA1= [Ak 1 ] [ A], (6) npHiieM, HanpHMep, [ 'A] noJIyqaeTCH yMHo}KeHHeM c.nesa paBeHcTBa (4) aim i ['FA] Ha [Ak']: [Ak'] ['FA] = [Ak'] [Ak1 [`~rA] _ [1wA] (7) MaTpnua [Ak'] H ee pa3BepHyToe Bbipa}KeHHe AaHbl B npHJlo ceHHH 1 (11-6) H (1-I-7). C ytIeTOM (6) n (7) nepenIWeM (5): [Ak] [A2 11 [u2] = [Ak] [AI '] full - [r4] [ZA] + d [dt l [Ak'] [q4]. AHCJcpepeHuHpOBaHHe d [Akl dt d [TA 1 (8) [Ak] [A.,'], [Ak] [AI'] H d [dtk] [Ak'] ['Al, nOJiy7IHM: I cos (9k - 62) - sin (ek e2) L 0 COS (Ok - e1) = -sin(9k-9,) 0 sin (9k - 02) 0 COS (Ok - 02) 0 [u']= 0 1 sin (Ok - e1) 0 COS (Ok - 01) 0 [lll]- 0 1 1 0 1 01 -rA[iA]-ddtA]~ -1 0 0 [,V 'I. A (9) L 0 0 0A Vlpeo6pa3yeM ypaBHeHHH noTOxocuenJleHHI. Ljjrn 3TOT0 yMHO)KHM ciieBa o6e 4aCTH (1) j[JIH noTOxocuenJIeHHH Ha [Ak]: [ A] [Akl [`F4] = [Ak] [U A] [iA] = [Ak] [LA] [Ak I] [Z,11 _ [LA] [ii]. (10) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 [Ln J HpegCTaBJIHeT co60H Hpeo6pa3oBallHyio MaTpHuy HHJjyKTHBHO- CTei7 ?IHHHH. OHa paBHa: L 0 0 [Ln] - [A k] [L.,] [Ak'] = 0 L.21 0 (11) 0 0 Ln0 rje L,I =L, - M? - HHJ.LYKTHBHOCTb JIHHHH; L.,0 = L., + 2M - HHJjyKTHBHOCTb JIHHHH. HpHMOI1 HocJle,goBaTeJIbHOCTH HyJIeBOH nocJle,goBaTeJlbHOCTH 010 1 0 0 000 [1OJjCTaBJI00 (11) B (9) H HepeMHo}Kai MaTPHUbI iI [LA'], B 0 0 1.1 F Cos (9k - (JI) sin (Ok - 91) 0 - Sin (0k - O1) Cos (0k - 01) 0 HOCJIeAHeM uJleHe HpaBON 'iaCTII HOJIy9HM: I Cos (0k - 02) sin (0k - 02) 0 - Sin (0k - 02) COS (0k - 02) 0 [u~2 - 0 0 1 0 Ln1 0 0 0 dek (12) B pa3BepHyTOM BHge ypaBHeHHSI JIHHHH JI 6yJLyT TaKOBbI [11. 4]: u2d COS (0k - 02) - u2q sin (0k O2) = 111d Cos (() k - 01) } ulq sin (0k - 01) - mind - L11 di--d-td + LAl q dt k (13) - u,,d sin (Ok - (J2) H_ U2q COS (0k - O2) = - Uld Sin (Ok - 001) ulgCos(0k-O1)-r iAq-L,1dtq-Llt,addk' U20 u r i - L d`,0 = i o - A A0 n0 dt (14) (15) CJieuyeT OTMeTHTb, 'ITO eCJIH paccMaTplBaTb HpOTeKaHHe TOKOB HyJIeBOH noCJIeaOBaTeJlbHOCTH gepe3 3eMJIIO, TO BeJIHTIHHbl r, B (13), (14) H (15) 6y,gyT pa3JIHLIHbi. ~dI ,' I+ L~ dt - Lnl Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PaccMaTpHBai TOJIbKO CHMMeTpH'Hble KOMMyTagHH, OHYCTHM BeJIH4HHbI HyJIeBOH nocJIe1[OBaTeJIbHOCTH. Toria (13) H (14) yao6HO o6'beJ[HHHTb, HpeACTaBHB HX OAHHM ypaBHeHHeM B KOMHJIeKCHOIi (~opNe. flo.narai U2 = u2d + I u2q , ul =U Id + Iulq l.a-lnt+il,iq. It CKJIa,gbIBaH (13) C yMHO?KeHHbIM Ha J (14), HOJIy4HM: -1(Bk-e2) (Bk-A,) dOkl dl? u,,e =u1e -in (rn+lLnldt dt (16) (17) CIHTaH yr.IOBble CKOPOCTH POTOPOB o6ellx CHHXPOHHbIX MamHH (pHC. 1) H KOOPJjHHaTHbIX ocei3 OJjHHaKOBbIMH H HOCTOSIHHbIMH: wk-f01-w2_w0 dOk dt _wk-w0, (18) Z,1- r,, +1woLn1, (19) t t k - 02 = S wk dt + 1 k0 (S w2dt + 020) = 0k0 - 620 = 0k20 (20) 0k -0 1 dk101 (21) IIOJIy4H,NI KOMHJIeKCHOe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH Hepe,1[a4H, OTHeceHHoe K KOOPgHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaw,aloII uMCR C HOCTOHHHOIi CKOPOCTbIO w0: tl, e-I6k20 = 11 e-1Sk10 - l Z - L dl, 1 n nl ,,l dt IlepexoAR K H3o6pax{eHHRM HpH U2 U2; IiI=U1, In-j (22) (23) C y4eTOM HeHyJIeBbIX HatlaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHI3 (ln (0) 0) HOJIygaeM KOM- HJIeKCHoe oHepaTOplioe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH Hepega4H, orxeceHHoe K KOOP4HHaTHbIM OCSIM, BpamaIomHMCH C HOCTOBHHOIi CKOPOCTb1O w0: U,e-I?k20=Ule ,"kl0-/n [r4+Ln1(p+1wo)]+L:211.2(0). (24) IIpH HyJICBbIX Ha4aJIbHbIX yCJIOBHSIX H HpH OTHeCeHHH (pa3HbIX HaHpSI- ?KeHHcI Ha KOHIjaX JIHHHH K O,L HHM H TeM )Ke BpaI1Ja10HjHMC5I KOOpJjH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HaTHbIM OCAM (TaK qTO Ok = (j2 H () k = ()1 H II03TOMy 0k20 - 0 H 0k10 0) nOJIy4HM KOMHJIeKCHOe onepaTOpHOe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH B HaH6oJlee npOCTOM BHAe: U2-U1=1.T[r.,+(P+j100)L,1]. (25) TaKHM o6pa3ONI, KaK LIaCTHb]N CJIyTIac 143 plAa 06LIJMX BblpaxKeHHI1, BblBeAeHHbIX HaMH Bbllne, Mb! HOJIy4HJIH cpopmyJiy (25), y>Ke H3Be- CTHyIO B JIHTepaType H npHB0aeHHyKO 6e3 Bb1BoAa, HanpHMep, B OAHOI1 H3 CTaTeu E. I. Ka30BCKoro [JI. 7]. B HpHJIO}KeHHH 2 nOKa3aHo, TITO BbIBeAeHHbie Bb1HIe ypaBHeHHA (13) H (14) ABJIAIOTCA 6o.nee o61uei cJOpMOH 3anHC1] paBeHCTB (21)- (25), no.nygeHHbIx HaMH B [JI. 8], HJIH, 'TO TO xce, paBeHCTB (8)-(11) B [JI. 9]. FIOCKOJIbKy CTaTH'ieCKaH Harpy3Ka HBJIAeTCA TaKHM }Ke CHMMe- TpHTdHb1M 3JICMeHTOM 4eHH, KaK paCCMOTpeHHaH BbIHIe JIHHHSI nepe- Aa9H, H o611aaaeT B Ka)KAOI3 03e COnpOTHBJIeHneM H HHAyKTHBHO- CTbIO H B3aIMOHHJZyKTHBHOCTbIO McHCAY (pa3aMH, ee ypaBHeHHA, OTHe- CCHHble K KOOpAHHaTHbIM OCAM dk, t/k, 0, Bpa uatownMCA C npOH3- BOJIbHOH yrJlosoH CKOpOCTbK) 10k, MO}KHO fOJly9HTb cpa3y H3 paBeHCTB (13)-(15). B CaMOM aeJle, 113 CXeMbI PHC. 1 BHAIIO, 4TO KaK Harpy3Ka H, -TaK H JIHHHH J1 HpHcoeAHHeHb! K OAHOMY H TOMy )Ke y3JIy 1. Ho ApyroH KOHeu JIHHHH JI IIpHCOeAHHeH K TOT-IKe 2 C Hanpf}KeHHAMH uod, u2q, u20i a Apyrol-I Kolieu 1larpy3KH H - K To'IKe c nOTenuHaJIOM, paBHb1M HyJIIO. I-IO9TOMy, eCJIH B ypaBHeHHAX (13)- (15) B 000rBeT- CTBHH C Bb16paHHbIMH noJ10}KHTeJIbHbIMH HanpaBJleHnAMH TOKa B JIH- HHH .H H B Harpy3Ke H HOJIO)KHTb u2d - u2q = u20 = O H 3aMeHHTb tnd t.aq' in0, rn, L.,1, Lao COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha tHd, tHq, ix0, rH, LH1, LH0, TO Mbl nOJIy9HM ypaBHeHHA CTaTH'-IeCKOH Harpy3KII, OTHeceliHble K CHCTe A, KOOpu 1HaT dk, C]k, 0: did dOk 0=U1,cos(()k-O1)+u,q sin (0k-O1)-rhi d-LH1 dt +LH11Hq dt (26) O=- oldsn(0k81)+111q COS(ek-O,)--rxi.q -- diHq dek -LHl LHlixddt dtKo 0=u10-r,t,)-LHo dt (27) (28) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IlepexoJH K KoMHJIexcIlOH q)opMe, 6yAeM HMeTb: . u e-1 (Ok-Bi)- - r L "k L dax x ,, + 1 ,~1 dl + ,~1 dt (29) lx-lxd+Jlxq- (30) IIpH HOCTOHHHbIX CKOPOCTHX [CM. paBeHCTBa (18) H (21)] _10k10 di tile =i Z L " x x ~ "1 dl (31) Z. = rx + /WOL?1. (32) ix = Ix, (33) nOJIytIHM C yt1eTOM HeHyJIeBbIX HatlaJlbHbIX yCJIOBH}I KOMfJIeKCHOe onepaTOpxoe ypaBHeHHe CTaTH4eCKOH Harpy3KIi, OTHeCeHHOe K KOOp- AHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaluatonw cs C HOCTOHHHOIi yrJIOBOH CKOpOCTbK) U>o. U1e 1?k1o=Ix [rx +Lxl (p + jo)o] +Lx1i x (0). (34) 13pH HyJIeBbIX HatlaJlbHbIX yCJ1OBHHX H IIpH OTHeceHHH cpa3HbIX HanpH}Ke- HHH B y3JIe I K KOOPJHHaTHbIM OCHM dk, C/ k, 0 (TaK 4ITO 0k-el H 6klQ_0) HOJIy4IHM KOMHJIeKCHOe onepaTOpHoe ypaBHeHHe JIHHHH B Hat16oJIee HpOCTOM BHJe: UI = Ix [r,, +Lx1(p + Iwo)]. (35) B npuJ10)KeHHH 3 noKa3aHO, tITO BblBeaeHHble Bbline ypaBHeHHH (26) H (27) HBJIBFOTCH 6oJlee o6lueI c3OpMOH 3afHCH paB HCTB (145)- (148), HOJIyt1eHHbIX HaMH B [JI. 8], HJIH, tITO TO ?Ke, paBeHCTB (13)- (16) B [JI. 9]. 4. Ilpop,0JlbHa9 eMKOCTb B IjeJIHX II0JIy4elIHB HaH6oJlee o61mix p03yJIbTaT0B AaJHM BbiBOJ ypaBHeHHH nepeXOJHbiX HpoueCCOB B HpOJOJIbHOH eMKOCTH C', OT- HOCH HX K cne'reMe KOOPJHHaT d,,, q"?, 0, Bpaiuaion eic c Hp0113- BOJIbHOH yI-3oB01i CKOpOCTbIO u)k. 3annmeN IICXOJHble ypaBHeHHH 3aKOHa OMa J[JIH MFHOBCHHbIX 3Ha- 4eHHH (Ja3HbIX TOKOB H l1aHpB}KeHHH: [111] - [u3] e, f [ie,] dt. (36) 3HaUeHHe MaTpHII,bI [u,] JaHO B (11-1), a MaTpHu, [113] H [1C,] - B npu JIO)KeHHH 4(H-19). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ,LJISI OTHeceHH51 ypaBHeHHu npOAOJ1bHOH eMKOCTH K OC IM dk, qk, 0 BBOAHM, KBK H Bblme, MaTpHuy npeo6pa3OBaHHf1 [Ak] (2). HanpH>Ke- !Ine B TO4IKe 3 [u3 ] OTHeceM K KOOpJLHHaTHbIM OCHM, Bpaa1afow.HMCA C yrJIOBOII CKOPOCTblO W3 (pHc. 2). aJIH 3TOr0 MO}KHO HPCJ&CTaBHTb ce6e, TITO, HanpHMep, K y3JIy 3 npuCOefl.HHeH CHHXpOHHb111 reHepa- TOP Cr3, C POTOPOM KOTOpOrO }KeCTKO CB5I3aIIbI KOOpAHHaTHble OCH d3, q3, 0: [u3 ] _ [A3] [u3]? (37) Marpnua [A3] noJlyqaeTCx 113 (2) npH k=3. MaTpHua [u, ] Gana B (H-2), a MaTpHua [u3 ] - B npnJloxceHHH 4 (11-20). Z[Jbsl TOKOB eM- KOCTH C'HMeeM: [ic,] = [Ak] [lC1]- MaTpHua [i,,] aaHa B npHJloxceHHH 4 (H-21) H (H-22). (38) ,JiSI npeo6pa3OBaHHH ypaBHCHH1 (36) yMHO)KHM cJlesa o6e ero 9aCTH Ha [Ak]. C yqeTOM (38) n0JIyqHM: [Ak] [ul I-- [Ak] [u3l= C, [Ak] J [ic,l dt= J [Ak] [ic,l dt+ + S d [Ak] ([ul] - [u3])? (39) YgIHrbIBaH, -ITO [Ak] 3aBHCHT TOJIbKO OT nepeMeHHbIM Hyx lcm2 H ld 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbI, Haxoamm A H C. 14 HaKOHeu, H3 (35) onpeueJlxeM rJlaBHbie 3HatieHHH TeH30pa npo- BOAHMOCTH, KOTOpb1M AOJI}KeH o6J1agaTb aHH30Tp0rIHbIH MaTepHa l BaHHbI. 3,gecb, KaK H B cjiyqae BaHHbI, npeAHa3HatIeHHOH AJIH MOAeJ1Il- pOBaHHH HJIOCKOnapaJIJleJlbnbIX nOJiei"i, cJIeayeT H36eraTb gpe3Mepxbix yJjaJIeHHH rpaHHu 9KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbi, TaK KaK 3HatmTeJIbHOe yuaJleHHe rpaHHu 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH BaHHbI COOTBeTCTByeT CHJIbHOMY c}KaTHIO KapTHHbI nOJISi B aHH30TpOnHOH CTeHKe. HpHMep pac eTa aHH3OTPOBHbMX CTeHOK 3JICKTpoJIHTHneCKoH BaHHI,I AAA MOAeJIHPOBHHHA nJIocKOnapaJTJleAbHbMX nOJiei 1. 3aAaeMCH BHyTpeHHHMH pa3MepaMH BaHHbI. 2. OnpeaeJIHeM TOJILUHHbl CTeHOK: At 6BK1, AI=A2=J. LN2 a.K BbI611paeM A= 1 cu- 3. 3aAaeM yameHHH cTexoK 3KBHBaaeHTHOII BaHHbr 11 = 12 = 100 CU-4. BbIYHCJiaeM BcnoMoraTeJlbHble Koacl4HUHeuTbi A H C: 11 100 A = 25 4, BH C = 100 = 100. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 5, CnpeaeJnReM rJ1aBHble 3Ha'IeHHH TeH3opa npOBOAHMOCTH, KOTOpb1M A0J1- )KeH o6J1aaaTb aHH30TpOHHb1H MaTepHaJl CTeHOK: = 7 In (1 -I-..4) = 40,27, 7XX = 7k = 7 C A- In (1 -I- A) 100 a B HanpaBJIeHHH, nepneHAHKyJIApHOM cJIOHM, paBHa (d' 4- 1 = 7? + 1 1 = 0,02497. 7zz = k - 40,2 ITpHMeM npOBOAHMOCTb 3JIeKTpOJ1HTa 1= 5,10-4 OM-1?cM-1; TorAa 7XX - 40,2.5.10-4=2,02.10-2 oM-1.cAt -1, 7zz = 0,0249.5-10 - 4 = 1,24-10 -~ oM-1 ?cM-1. /7PHJ!O2KEHHf B J]?ByXKOMnoHeHTHOM MaTepHaJle CJIOHCTOH CTpYKTypbl, npOBOAHMOCTb CJIoeB KOTOpOrO 7' H 7" H TOJIMHHbl d' H d", npOBOAHMOCTb B HanpaBJIeHHH, napaJlJleJIbHOM CJIOHM, paBHa 7'd'+ 7"d" (f7-I) 7p= d,+d" I'd' + 1"d" 71 71 = 7'7" 77d? + B CJ1y9ae paBeHCTBa d' = d" Bb1pa)KeRHH (fl-1) - (Il-4) ynpon a]OTCB: + 7p = 2 (11-7) (11-8) Te ate BblpaxteHHH (I1-1) npH COH3MepHMOCTH TOJI1UHHb1 CJ1oea H npe 7' >> 7 u (7'd' + 7"d") (7'd" + 7"d') 71 - (d, + d") 7,7? 21,7 7L 1,+ 71 (T' + 7")2 71 = 47,7? 7 ~ 7 = 7'7"? d' 7' =7'd? -+d + d, ? d'+d? d' 71=7 d? =Y"(1+dl } Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 7 7' I r,r 71, d 11 I { 2+ct_+ d' Y u 7 = 7Y' der . Pa3Mepbi ,3epHa" cTpyKTypbl onpe4e.i MOTCH 113 CpaBHeHHA HPOBOJWMOCTH C 4eTHbIM YHC70M 2n CJIOea C nPOBOAH.MOCTbio 71K C He1eTHbtM 4HC7o1( 2n + I C7oeB. OYeBHIjHO, 'ITO B03M0>KHbI JjBa BapHaHTa: H36biTO'IHb15 C .710A MOJKeT HMeTb HPOBOAHMOCTI, a1i6o 7', 7,,60 7". B o60Mx C7yvaax ,q7a onpeAe- JIeHI1H 'Hcjia cJioeB 2n, npu KoropoM onpeJjeneHHe ( OTJIH9aerc5l OT 71 He 6oaee 4eM Ha 1%, Heo6xo4HM0e HHC70 C70eB oKa3blBaeTCH paBHbls 2n=100. f I lpH d' -I- d" = 20 MK pa3Mep ?3epHa" cTpyKTypbl OKa3brBaeTCA nOpaJjKa AIM, Oro Bnoatle J[oHyCTI Mo. EcaF HCXOAHTb H3 10,/. norpeuJliocTH onpeJje- .aeHllfl 71 , To 2n= 10 n npH Tex >Ke To7HjlHax C.II0eB pa3Mep ,,3epna" no- pflJ[Ka 0,1 MM. CJie,ljyer OTMeTUTb, 'ITO HPH al06oM COOTHOIHIHMH HPOBOAHMOCTeS: 7'> >7" H, Hao60pOT, BcerAa Y ii >T , (11-13) 9"r0 5iH7HeTCiI He06xoAHM6IM Y0A0BHB M CHH}KeHH2 11 0 T e II- uitait a HoMex. f(pH 6o7bIHO5 pa3HHlje B HpOBOJjMMOCrH CJIOCII OAHHaKOaoS TO7IIWHHb1 H 7" c 6oabillo5 TO'IHOCTbIO 7 1' 4T" C?4eAoBaTeJI11Q, cTeneHb CHC3THII 7, 2 Y " . (11-15) Hac 11Hrepecye r 06paTHafi 3aLjaga. B TaKOM c7yvae Aoc TarovHO, 'IT06O1 2Y T([K (11-16) f(Oab3ynCb noCJIeAHHM cooruosueHHeM (11-16) H ycaOateM cor.IIacoBaHHH UPOBOAHMOCTeil, 7erK0 OnpeJje7M Tb HPOBOAHMOCTF JII060rO C7oa: 7'> 27,v,,K' -1 C 2v MuK COBepuleHHO HCHO, VTO HMeIOTCH 113BecTHble orpaII I IeHMA , cBepxy" 'Jag '1' M 11)117" ?CHH3y". TaK, nPOBo)IIMOCrb McTa7aoB IIOpHAKa 10+5 OM-1?cM-1, npo9o- 4uMOCTb 6aKe7HTOBOro aaKa, HanpH.oep, nopcjjKa 10 -11 OM-1 ?cM-1. IIOCKO7bKv IIPOBOAMMOCTb 9JIeKTpoJfura B BaHHe nopHJ.jKa 10-3 OM-1-CM-1, TO IIMefoT MCCTO IIpHMepHO c7eAyIoIuue yCJoBHH: 10' oaI-1.c.al-1> 2. 10-3v o.,a lc.la-1 MUK , 5.10-2 10-3 OAy-1.cM-i C7"C OAI l.c,o-1, MUK 10-6 0a1-2.c.u-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 iii, HCKJI10Raa nocJleAHee paBeHCTBO, 103 ox-1.cm-1 2.10-3vMUK o,x-1.cA1-1, 5.10-4 10-J o,x-1.cM-iC7"G OM-1.CA1-1. YMUK KaK BHAHO, yCJIOBHH BnOJIHe COBMeCTHMhIC H nO3BOJIH1o1uHe nOJIy'l11Tb CyajeCTBeuHb1! BbIHrpbIHl (vMaKC nopflAKa 10-5). I1oJ1y IeHHble CoOTHOmenHs nOKa3b1Ba}OT, 'iTO McTaJIJIbI B TaKO! CTpyKType MaTepnaJla npH.NeHeHbl 6blTb He MOryT. IIOCKOJIbKy yaeJIbHaH 1POBOA.HMOCTb TOHKHX McTaJIJIH'IeCKHX CJIOeB HeCKOJIbKO HH}Ke, TO He HCKJIIO'eHa BO3MO)KHOCTb HX npHMeueHH51. H3BeCTHble CJIOHCTble MaTepHaJlbl, TaKHe, KaK TCKCTOJIHT, HMelo'r 711 nopflAKa 100. rlpH 3TOM 6blJ1 6b1 B03MO1Keu AeCHTHKpaTHb1N BblHrpbIH1, 71 ecnn 6bl BbIn0JIHIIJIOCb yCJIOBHe corJIaCOBaHHB. OAHaKO OHO He BbInOJJHaeTci3. IIpeAJIO?KeHHb1H paHee [.n. 1, 21 McTOA nOJlynpOBOAHH[HX rpaHHH HBJIBeTCH npe,aenbHb1M yrpy6JleHHeM" McTOAa CJIOHCTOH CTpyKTypbi AO npOCTedme! KaK ON JAByXCJIOnHOH CHCTeMbl: BapHaHT B - T'> 71, 71 > 7"=0; BapHaHT III- 7" Kn- TeJIbHOe 3Hager-He, T. e. 3JIeKTpOMarHH'THanI MOHIHOCTB, 3 a 6 H p a e- m a A MaIIIHHOII H3 CHCTeMbI, P. M = IF > 0. apaKTepHOF1 0006eH HOCTb1O pe}Knia JIBIIraTCJISI npH P,, > 0 HBJIHeTCH HaHpaB?Ieilne TOKa HBBCTpegy 3. A. c. ManIHHbI. O4eBHJ[HO, iTO CTpeJIKH HanpnlKKeIIHn 113 3a}KHMaX MBHIHHbI H H3 3a?KHMBx CeTH npn H3MeHeHFIFP pe}KnMa pa6OTbI 3TOYI MaU1111 b1 He MCrVT H3MeH5ITb CBOero HanpaBJIeHan, H60 nOJI5IpH0CTb 3a3KHMOB r10CT05IIHia. FJOCKOJIIbKy HanpaBJleHHe BpanjeHHSI 5IKOp5I coxpaIlaeTCH BCII3Me1IHb1M, HanpaBJIeHHe CTpeJIKH 3. a. c. E Ha cxeMe TBKMKe CO- XpaHiieTCn. rlOJIO6HaH KOHuerIw15l, IIBJIHIOIuaHCH BbIpa3KeHneM HpHH- LHna o6paiHMOCTn, npOao,3ITCH BO Bcex Kypcax 3.7eKTpn4eCKHX Ma- tnr H. Mo}KHO JIHHIb n0}KaJIeTb 0 TOM, 11T0 CXeMbI 3aMeluernH nKOp- Hoil uenn MBIIIHH peaKO II3o6pa)KaioTC51, a Ha CXeMaX BKJIIOLIeHHH MaIIIHH, KaK npaBHJIO, He H0Ka3bIBaIOTC5q CTpeJIKH HaHp5i3KeHIIII, TO- KOB H 3... C. MaIIHHbJ (pnc. 5, 41 n JIp. [JI 2]; pnc. 10, 1 n , p. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 [JI. 1]; plic. X139 [A. 31). JI'HUIb B cHeUHaJIbnblx naparpaCJax, nOCB5I- U1,eHHbIX HpHHuHny 06paTHMOCTH, noHBJIHIOTC,9 BCe HeO6XOJ(HMble JVISI aIIaJIH3a CTpeJIKH nOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX HafpaBJIeHIA [JI. 1, 3]. 6) TpaHc JopMaTOpb6. AHaJIH3 pa60TbI TpaHC([)opMaTOpa npOH3- BO/7,HTCSI HepBGHaLIaJIbHO Ha OCHOBe CXeMaTFHi CKOFO H306pa)KeHHH yCTpOHCTBa OJIH0([)a3HOrO TpaHc()opMaTOpa (pHc. 2,a). B [Jl. 1-51 JIaeTclI pa3JIH1HOe O(4OpMJIeHle 3TOFO pHCyHKa, HO CYII[HO'CTb er0 coxpaHSIeTCR HeH3MeIIHOiI. Ha cxeMax 06MOTOK HoKa3bIBaIOTCH JIHZIIb P}ic. 2. CXeMaTH4eCKHe 113o6pa)KeHHft VCTpOaCTBa TpalTc4rnpMaTOpa. ilaHpaBJ1'eHHSI TOKOB B nepBHzIHOM H BTOp13TIHOM KOHTVpaX, OJjHaKO 3aHHCbIBaeMble OJHHaKOBO BO BCeX KypCaX ypaBHeHHSI 3JIeKTpHtle- CKOrO COCT051HII5I II,-EI+IIZI, (3) E, =I2(Z,,+Z,,) 1103BOJI5110T paCCTaBHTb CTpeJIKH 3. A. C. B o6MOTKax H iIanpoKeHHH Ha HX BbIXOJjHbIX 3a}KHMax, KaK 3T0 c,1 eJIaHO Ha pHC. 2,a. Hanpaa.rleHHe MarHHTHbIX JIHHH'FI HOTOKa CBSI3aHO HpaBHJIOM npa- BOrO BHHTa JIIIIHb C 3. J. C. el. KaK HOKa3bIBaeTC5I B [Jl. 5], HpH Bb16paHHOM HaHpaBJIeHHH 3. J. C. e2 OT KOHua :06MOTKH K Ha'laJly (4) T. e. BeKTOp E2 onepe)KaeT BBKTOp HOTOKa (1), HTO He aejiaeTC2 Ha BeKTOpHbIX gmarpaMMaX TpaHC(])OpMaTOpOB. BTOpHTIHaH o6MOTKa TpaHC(JOpMaTOpa 51BJISIeTCH HCTO1HIIKOM nHTaHHSI HO OTHOI.IIeHnIo K Ilarpy3,_{e, BKJIIO~ICHH011 IIa ce 3a)KHMbI. Ho3TOMy CJIeJ[yeT CiIHTaTb IleJIecoo6pa3HbIMH npIIHHTyIO CHCTeMy CTpeJIOK BO BTOpHLIHOM KOH- Type 11 CooOTBeTcTBylouiee eil ypaBHeHlle KHpxro(~a. flepBHHHalI o6- MOTKa JLomKHa paccMaTpHBaTbCH KaK HpHeMIIHK 3HeprHH no OTHO- IUCI-IHIO K nHTaIOMeR CeTH, Ho D. a. c. eI HanpaBJlHeTCH COrJIacxO C TOKOM, LITO npoTHBOpe'IlIT npHIISITOLI paIiee CIICTeMe CTpeJIOK, KO- TopaSi IICHOJIb3yeTC5I B TeOpHH MaIIIIIH HOCTOIHHOrO TOKO. flea COCTaBJIeHHII ypa3HeHHSI MarHHTHOro COCTORHUH IlCHOJIb- 3yeTC9 3CKIJ3 ce'CHHSI o6MOTOK TpaHc(popMaTopa (pHe. 17,1 [JI. 1]; pHC. 2-13 [Jl. 2]), JIH6o noKa3bIBaIOTC51 IlaHpaBJICHHH TOKOB B o6MOT- i(ax (pHc. 276 [JI. 3]). Cor.nacHO BCCM 3THM pHCyHICaM HOJIO)K-I- TC,TIbHble HanpaBJIeHHSI IraMarHIPLIHBaIo1UHx CHJI nepBHLIHOYI H BTO- 135 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 pHLIHOII o6MOTOK Bb16paHbi HPOTHBOHOJIO}KHbIMH (pHC. 3); B TO ~Ke BpeMH pe3yJIbTHpyioII]aH HaMarHMHBaIOIIjaH CHJla B pe)KHMe ~Ha- Fpy3KH F? onpeJjeJlaeTcH BCIO1[y no c)opMyJte FK - 1101 + /202, (5) TITO He COOTBeTCTByeT BbF6paHHbIM HafpaBJIeHHSIM HaMaTHH'gI4Baio- IILHX CHJII IZQJI 'If 12W2. fipH aHa.iri3e Tpynri COeAHHeHHq Tpex a3HbIX TpaHCCpopMaTOpOB CTpOHTCSI To Horpa44HTI!ecxHe BeKTOpHble JjHarpa:M- MbI, KOTOpbIM HO CyweCTBy CoOTBemCTByeT Bbr6Op O,lHHaKOBbIX Ha- HpaBJIeHHcI 3. R. C. B o6MOTKaX BbIcuiero H HH3LHerO HanpA}KeHHSI OTHOCHTeJIbHO OJWOHMeHHbIX 3a}KHMOB (piic. 4 H 2,6). TaxaB cHCTe- Ma OTJIHfgaeTCR OT HpHHFITOl paHee 1IJISI oJLHOq)a3HbIX TpaHCfpOpMa- TOpoB (pi-ic. 2,a). Pic. 3. Pa3pe3 06MOTOK TpaHCfpopMa- Pne. 4. CXeMa O6MOTOK Tpex a3HOI'O TOpa. TpaHCCopMaTOpa. IIPHMOe YKa3aHHe Ha 3TO HOJIo)KeHIIe MbI HaXOjHM JIHLIIb B [JI. 6]. Ha cxeMax aBTOTpaHCCpopMaTOpoB cHOBa yxa3blBafoTCSI JIHIIIb HanpaBJIeHIIH TOKOB B o6MOTKax, OJlHaKo HpFHHTble ypaBHeHH51 3JIeK- TpHLIeCK0r0 COCTOHHIIH H03BOJIHIOT J1.OHOJIHHTb CXCMy BCeMH Heo6Xo- JjHMbIMH CTpeJIKaMH (pHc. 5, a). 34eCb CTaHOBHTCH oco6eHHO 3aMeT- HOI HeueJlecoo6pa3HOCTb Bbl6paHHbIX HanpaBJIeHHH 3. Jj, C. B pa3JIHTI- HbIX LIaCTHX 06MOTKH; HanpaMep, COTJIaCHO cxeMe e1 = e3 - e2, (6) B [A. 2], rje Ha cxeie plic. 2-53 HCHO BH,wHO, TITO TOK o6aiei 4aCTH 06MOTKH 112 CblBaeTCH ypaBHeHHe /12=11+12. (7) YpaBHeHHe CB5I3H Me>K)jy Jjei-ICTBHTeJIbxoI3 II HpHBeJjeHHol'i BeJIHLIH- HaMH 3. a. C. BTOpHLIHOTO KOHTypa 3arIHCbIBaeTC51 B KypcaX E2 - EI = Ea za'i (8) W2 LiTO Ilpo'rHBopeLIHT HPHHHTbIM paHee HOJION{HTeJIbHbIM HanpaBJIeHHSIM 3. 1j. c. (pHc. 2,a). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 AJIII Toro LITo6bI H36e}KaTb 3TOro npOTIlBOpetIHSI, aBTOPbI He YKa3bIBaIOT Ha cxeMe 3aMel1L HH$1 3. a. C. EI H E2 (pnc. 2-17 [a. 2]), JIH60 aalOT gByCTOpOHHIOiO CTpeJIKy, B31Ty1O H3 KypCOB ilepgeHHH (plc. 285 [A. 3] H pllc. 17-5 [JI. 1j). OKOJIO CTpeJIKH npHBeJueHHOro TOKa BTOpHT-IHOrO KOHTypa CTa- BHTCH o603HaTIeHHe (pHc. 6); 3T0 O3Ha'IaeT, no cyn eCTBy, PHc. 5. CxeMa aBTOTpaHC(popMaTOpa. yCJIOBHO UOJlo)KHTCJibHOC HanpaBJleHHe TOK f,', , o6pal110e 110 OTHO HIeHHIO K TOK J, T. e. TOK HaupaBJlrercr HaBCTpeHy 3. a. C- E, T4TO npoTlIBope4HT 113o6pa}KaeMoi4 HPH 3TO.vI BeKTOpHOki uHa- rpaMMe HPHBeaeHHbIX Be.nHMHH H nPlIHHTOMY yCJIOBHIO 2 , 1 . ) 2 - B) AcutcxpoKxbce raaucuuac. BBe- j1,eIIHe HOHRTHSI 3KBIIBa.IIeHTIIOrO, I? I~ -fl Puc. 6. Pac'IeTHbie cxeMbf 3aMelueHHH TpaHCCpopMaropa. He10JBH}KHorO B HpOCTpaHCTBe POTOpa H03BOJIAeT COBMeCTHTb BeK- TOpHble ,gHarpaMMbI CTaTOpHOI3 H pOTOPH011 I1,eneI3. BeKTOpHaH JzHa- rpaMMa aCHHXpOHHOI3 MaIIIHHbI OKa3bIBaeTCH HPH 3TOM HoJ 06HoI3 JwarpaMMe TpaHCq)OpMaTOpa, Ha BTOpHLIHble 3a)fC MbI KOTOporo BKJIIOTIeHO aKTHBHOe COHpOTHBJI~e,HHe I S S r2. YpaBHeHHe HaMarHHTIH- BaIOIIiHX CHJI, TaK we KBK H J~JISI TpaHc4)opMaropa, 3arHCbIBaeTcsl B BH e: EI +F2 = F10, 1 1 w J &1 (9 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 XOTH HaripaB,ieHne jekTBHA HaMarHH4HBaIOIuHX cHJI CJa3 eTaTOp- I10I H poTOpHOI1 O6MOTOK Bb16paHbl HPOTII'BOIIOJIO}KHbIMH (pxc. 3-31 [11. 2] H pxc. 39,3 [JI. 1]). COCTaBJIe1IHai Ha OCHOBe BeKTOpHOIt aHarpaMMbl CTaTOpHOI'I ue- nI[ JBHraTeJIA CHCTCMa Ho.IO}KIITeJIbnbIX HaHpaBJIeHHII (pxc. 7,a) a) HMeeT TOT }Ke BH;1, gITO -II 4JIA IiepBH'gBOB o6MOTKH TpaHe4JOp- MaTOpa. 3JIeKTp0'A'BH)KyLUaH CH- JIa el, cosrlasaeMasl BpaTualo- IIJ.II:MCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO CTaTopa (HKOpA) MarHHTHbHVI ITOJIeM, Ha- 6) npaB.neHa COr.TIaCHO C TOKOM, 'ITO Pnc. 7. CxeMa CTaropHOK uenH acHH- XpOHHOrO ABHraTe>ia H cuCTeMbi cTpe- JIOK Hono)KHTe?IbHbIx HaIIpaBJIeHHH. HpOTHiBOpeLIHT pac'fOJIO}KeHHK) CTpeJIOK, HPHHATOMY B AIB'H'ra- Te.JIA.X fOCTOHHH'Or0 TOKa (pxc. 1,6). 3JleKTpoMarHHTHai MOJUHOCTb TIepBHqHOIr o6MOTKH = E111 cos ip1 < 0 (*l > 90?) , nTO HaxORHTCA B npoTHBOpetIHH C 3HepreTI-I eCKOIt AHarpaMMofi aCHHXpOHHOr0 j BHraTeJIA, B KOTO- poll PI > 0. BeKTOpHaA jjllarDaMMa CTaTOpHOI1 uenH aCHIIXpOHHO1O reHepa- -mopa, BKJIIOLIeHHoro Ha CeTb, CTpOHTCA B yLIe6HHKax no-pa3HOMy. B [~. 1] 3Ta nxarpaMMa HMeCT BHJj, HOKa3a11Hblli Ha piic. 8,a, m ells COOTBCTCTByeT CIICTeMa CTpeTIOK Ha cxeMe 3aMeLueHH5T pHC. 9,a. CTpeJIKII yCJIOBHO noJIO?KHTeJIbHbIx IlaHpHBJIeHHII OKa3bIBHIOTCA pac- CTaBJIeHHbIMH T0'IHO TaK ?Ke, KaK H y nepBntIHOH 06MOTKH TpaHC- (j)opMaTopa. B [11. 2] RHarpaMMa noCTpoeHa HHaile (pxc. 8,6), m eii 000TBeTCTByeT cxeMa 3aMelueHli pie. 9,6. 37(ecb MaHIHHa HOKa3axa Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 K K reHepaTOp, H ee ypaBHeHHee 3JIeKTpHIeCKOro COCTOBIIHH 3aHHCbT- B aeTC51: E, -= U1(:) +1, Z 1. (11) OJ(HaKO, CPaBHIIBaH pHC. 7,a n 9,6, MbI O6Hapy}KHBaCM, LITO pa3- JIH4He HPHHHTb[X HaHpaBJIeHH1I 3JIeKTpHLIeCKHX BeJIHLIHH 3aKJIIOtIaeT- CB B H3MCHeHHH HarIpaBJIe'HHH CTpeJIKH I-IBU 5I)KeHH5T Ha 3a}KHMaX MaIIIHHbI (U1 (") _ - UI (d) ); 106 3TO'M WC CBHL eTeJIbCTBV10'T BeKTOp- HaB aHarpamma pHC. 3-39 [11. 2] H cxeMa 3aMemeHIIH pac. 3-40 [J1. 2]. HOCKOJIbKy Mal1HHa B o6oHX pex{HMaX pa60TaeT napaJIJIeJIbHO C OJ1,HOF1 H TOTi 3Ke CIICTeMOFI, TaK011 HOBOPOT CTpeJIKH UI HHLIeM He OHpaBjaH. HO3TOMy Ha cxeMe pHC. 3-40 aBTOp Bbll[y7KieH 6blJI yKa- PHC. 9. CXeMa aCHHXpOHHoro reHepaTOpa H CHCTeMbI CTpeJIOK HOJIOSKHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHa. 3aTb em e OJjHO HanpTuKeHHe (HO y3Ke aBOFIHOI[ CTpeJIKOFI) - HaHp5i- }I{eHNe Ha 3a)KHMaX COrIpOTHBJIeHHH, 51BJIHiOmerOCH noTpe6aTeJIeM 3llep rHlfi. a) CUHXPO Hbie MatUUHbl. HpH paCCMOTpeHIIH HapaJiJleJIbHOFI Da60TbI CHHXpOHHOrO (IIeHBHOHOJIloc Toro) reHepaTopa C CaCTeMOFI 6eCKOHeLIHo 6onbmmoc1 MOUIHOCTH (Him HapaJIJIeJIbHOFI pa60TbI ,[I,ByX reHepaTOpOB) II306pa}KaIOTC9 BeKTOPHble J[HarpaMMbl pHC. 10,a (pac. 4-63 [,TI. 2]; p,H)c. 34,18 [JI. 1]; pHC. 460 [JI. 3]). DTOF[ AHarpaM- Me COOTBeTCT'ByIOT CXeMa 3aMemeHHB pHC. 11,a H ypaBH HHe 3JIeK- TpHHeCKOro COCTOHHH51 AKOpHOFi ueuII U,=-Eo+lll (12) CIIOBa HOBTOpTIloiuee ypaBHe'iIHe HepBHLIHO1 o6MoTKH TpaHCCcopMa- Topa. HeVja4eH TaK?Ke Bbl6op HOJIO3I{HTeJIbxblx H3UpaBJleIIH1I 3. Ji. C. J[Byx rexepaTOpoB, pa60TaIOUHX HapaJIJTeJIbI[o. CTpejixH Ha- IipH3KCHHSI Ha 3a)KHMHX reHepaTOpOB HanpaBJIeHbl B pa3Hbie CTO- pOHbI, XOT5I HO CYLMeCTBY 0ITH XapaKTepH3VIOT HepeMeHHVIO pa3HOCTb HOTeHL1IaJIOB Mex{Ay OJ);HH'MH H TeMH )Ke 3aA{HMBMH. TOKH B Ha- rpy3Ke, onpeaeJIHeMbie JeF1CTBHeM D. J. C. Eo H E,.. HanpaBJleHbI B pa3JIHLIHble CTOpOHbI. TaKHM o66pa30M, HPHH5TTa5I c])aKTHLIeCKII B JIHTepaType CI[CTeMa VCJIO'BIIO HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJI'eIIHFl OKa- 3bIBaeTC51 BeCbMa HeHarJISIJIHOFI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CorJlacHo pHC. 11,a renepaTOp jjo.1Kei BKJIIOtIaTbCR Ha napaii- JIe.IbHyK) pa6oTy B TOT MOMeHT, Korjja BeKTOpbI HanpH}KeHHI3 U~ H U (Him E, H E) HaXOjjHITCH B npOTHBOCpa3e; 3T0 nOATBep}KjjaeT- cH pHc. 34,4 [JI. 1]. U,nI-Iaxo 3Aecb xce, Ha pne. 34,6, AaeTcH AHarpaM- Ma 3. A. C. C peKOMeHAauHAMH 0 BKJHO JeHRIT MaHIHHbI npH COBna- jjeHHH BeKTOpOB E H E0. I O,iio6HbIII COBeT jjaeTcH OTHOCHTeJIbHO BeKTOp-oB HanpxxceHHU B (J1. 2] F ~j'Lxc (pHc. 4-59) H B [J1. 3] (pHc. 455). Ilepexo,i CHHXPOHHOfi MaWHHbI a pe>KHM ABHraTeJIH COnpO'BO}KjjaeTCSI I PHC. 10. YnpouieHHam BeKTOp- PHC. H. Cxema 3ameuzeHH51 eTaTOpmoi'i ueire Ham Anarpamma neaBHOnoJIloc- cHHxpoHHOrO reHepaTOpa, pa60Taiotuero na- Horo cHHxpoHHOro reHepaTOpa. paaaejibHO C encTemoa. nocTpoeHHeM BeKTOpHOI )JHarpaMMbl pac. 12,a, KoTOpoH COOTBeT- c1ByeT cxeMa 3aMenieHH51 pHC. 13,a. YpaBHeHHe 3JIeKTpHIe~cKoro co- CTO5IHHH IjenH HKOPH OCTaeTCSI HCH3MeHHbIM: Uc=_E0+Jlx.. 1I'xc/1 JIXcA - Jac, (13) PHc. 12. BeKTOpnam allarpamMa CHHxpoH- P.Hc. 13. Cxema 3ameuieHHm cTaTOp- Horo ABHraTenm. HoH uenH CHHXpoHHOro ,LBHraTeim. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ka}KeTCA COBepU1eHHO HeO6OCHOBaHHbIM CTpeMJIeHHe aBTOpOB K 10- Jjo6HOII yHH(pnKau,HH, T. e. npHBeJjeHHe no CyIIjeCTBY ypaBHe!IHSI SIKOpiiOi LjenH K ypaBHeHH)O nepBHTIHOII 06MOTKH TpaHCCpnpMaTopa. ,a) 3alciiioTseiue. 1-1poBejjeHHbII3 aHaJIH3 noKa3bIBaeT Heo6XoJlIi'- MOCTb BBeJjeI1HH CHCTeMbI YCJIOBHO HOJIO?KHTeJIbHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHII 3. J. C., HaHpSI)KeHHII H TOKOB, KOTOpasi BHecJIa 6bI (mMM''ieCKyIO SICHOCTb B COC'raBJISIeMble ypaBHeHHe COCT05IHHR HJIH CXeMbI 3aMe- LljeHH5I, a TaK)Ke CBeJjeHHH B e) 4Hylo LjenoTIKy cxeM 3aMeHIeHIIH SIKOpHbIX o6MOTOK MaIIHH, C OJ[HOII CTOp'OHbI, H CxeMbi 3aMeIIjeHH5,I O6MOTOK TpaHc 4OpMaTOpa, - C Jjpyroi . PHC. 15. CHCTCMa VCJIOBHO HOJIO?xH- Te.'IbHblx HanpaBJleHx,1 pH,;. 14, npxue- HeHHau B cxeMe aBTOTpaHCq)opMaTOpa. Jj xa Puc. 14. Bo3MOXiHasH cHCTeMa ycaoBHo no TWKIITeJIbHbIx HaupaBJIeHHN. B HepByIO oTiepeab Heo6xo,JH- MO iBBeCTH o,IHHaKOBble HanpaB- JIe41HH 9. Ij. c. el if e2 B o6MOT- Kax TpaHcc)opMaTopa. OJjnaxo HpH coxpaxeHHH cTaporo Ha- 3a}KHMax o6MOTOK H, cJIeJjOBaTeJlbno, cTaporo HanpaBJIeHFI T TOKOB B HHX (pnc. 14,a) ypaBHeHHe TIeCKOFO COCTOSIHHH BT'OPFTIHOrO KOHTypa noJlyTlaeT Baj : E,U2-I2Z.). 9JIeKTpH- (14) TaKaS, ?anH'cb HMeJIa 6bI HeO6brTIHbIII BIIJj, HOCKOd'bKY BTOpINTIIIaS1 06MOTKa SIBJISieTCH HCTOTIHHKOM 9. A. C., a BeKTOpIIaa xiarpaMMa HOJIyTInJlaCb 6bI BeCbMa HeHarJIAJjHOII (pHc. 14,6). OJjHOBpeMeHHoe H3MeHeHHe HanpaBJIeLIHHi 3. R. c. e2, TOKa i2 H HanpH?KeHHSI U2 TaK?Ke 6bIJ10 6bI HeyJjaTIHO. HanpHMep, B pexcnnie aBTOTpaHCClOpMaTOpa (pnc. 15) MbI BbIHy?KJ[eHbI 6bIJIH 6bI 3anH'aTb ypaBHeHHe HanpxxceHHli Ha OTaeJIbHbIX TIaCTSIX 06MOTKH cneJjylo- LrIHM o6pa30M: (15) Haa6o.Tiee McTOJHTIeCK11 onpaBJjaHHbIM BbIXOJ[OM H3 JF)J1O?KeHH51 npe,aCTaBJ15IeTC51 I Tb H3MeHeHH5I YCJIOBHOrO HanpaBJIeHHH 3. A. C. 141 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 e1 B nepBHHIIOIi 06MOTKe, 'ITO [IPHBOjjHT K He06XOjjHMOCTH I13MelIe- IIHB 3afIICH B (popMyJIe, CBB3bIBaIoUJe1i 3Ty 3. jj. C. H patio mi HOTOK: (16) (17) 3. ERHHaSI CHCTCMa YCJIOBHO HOJIO1KHTeJlbHb1X HanpaBJIeHHI-i H BeKTOpHble J(HarpaMMbl 3JIeKTpH4eCKHX MaHIHH a) TpaHc 5opMaTOpb1. fIpe?JaaraeMasl cHCTeMa yCJIOB?IO HoJro3KH- TeJIbHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHcI 3. A. C., Haupq>KeHHI3 H TOKOB rrOKa3aHa na cXeMe pHC. 2,6. fUepBHqHaH 06MOTKa TpaHC4)OpMaTOpa SIBJIACTCH aKTIIBIrbIM npleMHIIKOM 3Hepl HII, H 3. A. C. el HanpaBJleHa HaBCTpe- P}IC. 16. BeKTOpHasl ;04a- rpaMMa TpaRc()opMaTopa HpH HOBOR cucTeMe ycJIoB- HO HOJIO iKHTe.7bHbIX Ha- d1 el dl `C'I uy TOKy. BTop1T HaH, , o6- MOTKa HMeeT HpHHATble B HaCTOSll I. C BpeM%i IlarlpaBJleHaf D. j[. c. e2 H TOKa i2. YpaBHe- HH:I 3.IIeKTPHqCCKOFO COCTOKHHSI 3arIHCbl- BaIOTC5I: (18) YpaBHelIHe paBHOBeCHH HaMarHHgl1Balo- I11HX CHJI HMeeT BHJT, COOTBeTCTByIOIUIlli Bbl6paHHbIM HanpaBJIeHHaM HaMarHHalBaIO-? ajllx c11,1 (pac. 3): U1=EI+I1Z1, E,= U9+12Z2. I11 -122=I10w1? (18') IIoJHlaa BeKTOpaaa JlHarpaMMa TpaHc- (popMaTopa a3o6pa>Keaa Ha pHC. 16. 3JIeKTpH'IeCKOe o6 beJHHenine HepBII 1HOII: H BTOpHIIHOi[ o6MOTOK TpaacrjjopMaTopa co- apOBO>KJJ,aeTCSI CJIeJ[yIOMHMH Hpeo6pa30BaHHAMH 3JICKTpH4eCKHX Be- ?IHiIHH B'rOpHnnHOrO KOHTypa: KOTopble HOJIFIOCTbK) COOTBeTCTBYIOT CTpeJ[KaM IIOJIO>KHTeJIbHbIX Ha- npaBJIeHHII el H e2 H i2 . CXeMbI 3aMeLII,eHHA jj0 npHBeJjeHHa a HOCJIC Hero HOKa3b1BBIOTCH Fla pHC. 6, 6. TOK '12 B cMe>KHON BeTBH JLByX KOHTYPOB CBI3aH C TOKaMH it H I., COOTHOHIeHHeM ]1 - 12 + 11'' (19) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 H3 ypaBHCHHSI (18') Houle npeo6pa3oBaxu5l HoJIytIaeM: 1112 11=11o+h; 1.2='2 '2'2, CJ1e,jOBaTeJIbHO, ,12 = 110. Ha puc. 5, 6 n3o6paxceHa cxeMa aBTOTpaHC(~opmaTOpa CO BCCMH CTpCJIKaMH 3. A. C., TOKOB H HanpnMKeIIIdl. I7R 3-FOR CXCMbI vIO?KHO COCTaBHTb C'Iegy101uyK) CHCTeMy ypaBHeHr fi: UI=U2+E3+1,Z,, (20) E.,=I,2Z.,+ U_ (21) 1i2+11120, (22) E1=E2+E3, (23) I, - W2)-I,2&2=hoZO 1. (24) Ha OCHOBaHHdlt 3THX ypaBHeHHR HOCTpOeHa HOJIHaSI BCKTOPHB J JI:arpaMMa aBTOTpaHCCpopMaTOpa (pHC. 17). KaK HJIJHOCTOauHSI HIHpOKHX Bo3M0}KHOCPeII upeJlJlaraeMOH CIICTeMbI Ha pHC. 18 no- CTpoe'Ha JlHarpaMMa BoJIbTO,L(o6aao'-IHOro TpaHCpopMaTopa, cxeMa KoTOporo H3o6pa~KeHa Ha pnc. 19. YpaBHeHHSi paBHoOBeCHSI 3TOff CXCMbI HMeIOT BHJI: U,,=U1 +E1,2-1Zll.2, Enf-E12-12(Zr2+Z11 1), U1=EII+1121I1u,11 2 12&I11' 1,wII-I2ZQJI2-110111 IC!)? =/+I,. 6) AcuxxpoHnbte malUU lbl. BeKTOpHaH jmarpaMMa aCHHxpOII- HOro ,ZBHiraTeJIH fPHHUHHHaJIbHO He OTJIHWIaeTCH OT ,jF1arpaMMb! Tpancc)opMaTOpa (pHc. 20). Eil COOTBeTCTByeT cxeMa 3aMeIueHFI51 CTaTOPHOIi ueHH, HOKa3aHHaIl Ha pHc. 7,6. TaK MKe KaK H Y JIBHra- TeJISI HOCTOSF1I1ero TOKa, CTpeJIKa 3. ,1. C. e, HaHpaBJlena HaBCTpeLiy TOKy. 3JIe'KTpOMarHFiTHa5I MOMHOCTb paBHa: P3M = E1I, cos ~1 > 0 (~, < 90?), 1160 MaWHHa P3CCMaTPHBaeTCI KaK HOTpe6HTeJIb BHepr11li. YpaBHCHI1e HaMarHHgHBaloawx CHJI 11MeeT BHA: F 1 - 9 = 1 1 0 . (25) 143 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PHc. 17. BeKTOpHasi ztearpaMMa aB'roTpaHccpopMaTopa Hp,i 110130.1 CH?TeMe y,~JIOBHO HOJIO}KHTeJIbH,Ix HaHpaBJIeHFIH. `mI = 2z22; x,,=2x,,,; rI = 2r2; Z,,= 5x2a; pa = 40?. YpaBHeHHe 3J1eKTPHtICCKOrO COCTOSIHHH CTaTOpITOH 06MOTKH AOJI>KFlO 6bITb 3arnfcaHO: U E, + I, Z, . (26) IIpH HepeBoae B reHepaTOpHbli'I pe}KHM ManIHHbI, HO,LKJIKiLIeHHOH K U1HHaM CHCTeMbl, aKTHBHB T ?Harpy3Ka" B 3KBHBaJIeHTHOFi cxeMe 3aMeIgeHHA ee 1 s S r,, < 0. f OABJIeHHIO B ueHH OTpHuaTeJlbHOrO aKTHBHOrO COHpOTHBJIeHHSl COOTBeTCTByeT H3MeHeHHe 3HaKa aKTHB- HOFi COCTaBJI HOWeH TOKa I. BeKTOpHaB aHarpamma MaujiubI, KOTOpaA HpoAo.1}KaeT paccMaTpHBaTbCR KaK HpHeMHHK 9HeprnH, HOJiyLIaeT BHJ, HOKa3aHHbIfi Ha pie. 21, a. OAHaxo ue.lecoo6pa3HO H3MCHHTb HOJIO)KHTeJIbHbie HanpaBJIeHHA TOKOB II H I2, paccMaTPHBaR Ma1IIHHy KaK reHeparop (pTIC. 9, e). r1PH BTOM ypaBHeHHe CTaTOPHOH ueHH TaK}Ke H3MeHHeTCB: E, =UI +IIZI; (26a) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 no 4 opre OHO TO}KJeCTBeHHO ypaBHeHHfO HKOpnoK uenH reHepaTOpa rIOCTOHHHOrO TOKa. HOBoe ypaBHeHHe Hama rHHIIHBaIOII[HX CHJI 3annCbIBaeTC51 B COOT- BeTCTBHH C H3MeHeHHeM IIOJIO)KHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHFI TOKOB 11 H I2: F2 - F1= F10, (25') IIOJIHaH BeKTOpxa5I AHarpaMMa acHHXpoHHoro renepaTOpa H3o- 6pax{eHa Ha pHc. 21,o. PHc. 18. BeKTOPHa5I j(HarpaMMa BoJIbTOioIaBO~iHorO TpaHCq)opMaTopHoro yCTPOiI,;TBa. W1 o 2w112; wtl = 2w11; Z11 = 2212; Z111 = 2Z112; 0111 = U2!2; w12 = w112. l O Tpy x M3H, Bbin. XXVII. 145 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B) CUuxpoImbLe MauUIIt-lbi. OCHOBHbIM pe}KHMOM pa60TbI CHH- XpOHHOH MaIIIHHbi IIPHHHTO CT-IHTaTb reHepaTOpHbIH, KOrAa MaHIHHa nepeB036yxmAeHa. CXeMa 3aMe.11 HHH CTaTOpHOH uleHFP H BeKTOpHaHi ,amarpaMMa IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 11,6 H 10,6. YpaBHeHHe 3JIeKTpHUe- CKOrO COCTOHHHH BHOBb HMee'r HOpMaJIbHbIH BHA: Ea=UI +IIX,. (27) PHC. 19. CxeMa BoJIbToro6aaorInoro ycTpoHCTBa. BKJIioqeHHe MaHIHHbI Ha napaJIJIeJIbllpo pa60TY C CHCTeMOII ocy- ujeCTBJ15IeTC5i B MOMeHT COBHa.L eHH1T BCKTOpOB Uc H U, HJIH E`- H E, T. e. B MOMeHT paBeHCTBa IIOTCHUHaJIOB Ha KOHTaKTaX KOMMy- THpyloHjero ycTpoHCTBa. PHc. 20. BeKTOpable ;kHa- rpaMMbl aCHHXpoHHOro J1BH- raTejIH npH HoBOFi CHCTeMe YCJIOBHO IIOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHH. UpH nepeBOAe MaIIIHHbI B pe}KHM T BII- raTeJISI, ecJIH MamIHHa IIpoi[oJI]KaeT pac- CMaTpHBaTbCH KaK reHepaTOp H aHaJIH3 HpOH3BO)jH'TCSI C HOMOUjbIO cxe'Mbl 3aMe- Iue'HHH pHC. 13,6, Mb! rioJIygiaeM BexTOp- xyio 7HarpaMMy C oTpHuaTeJIbHOH aKT:IB- HOH cocTaBJlxloujeH Tom I (puc. 12,6). H3MeH5I5I HanpaBJICHHe Toxa I na Cxe- Me 3OMerueHHx (pine. 13,e) H paccMaTpH- BaSI MaIIIHHY KaK npHeMHHK 9Hepr HFT, IIpHXOJjHM K HOpMaJIbHOH BeKTOpHOH J[Ha- rpaMMe aKTHBHOrO JLByXHOJIIOCI-InIKa (pHC. 12,e). BhiBOjjbl 1. 11pOBeJjeHHbIH aHa.iu3 MaTepHadla yT-Ie6HbIX KYPCOB HO 3JIeKTpHtIeCKHM Ma- LumimM noKa3bnBaeT OTCYTCTBHe corJIaOo- BaHHOCTH Me}KJ1 BeKTOpHbIMH aHarpam- MaMFi H ypaBHeHHHIMH 3JIeKTpFtTeCK000 H MarFiHTHOro COCTOHIHHH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 2. fIpeAJlaraeTCH HOBaB CIAHHa5i CHCTeMa YCJIOBHO nOJIO}KH- TeJIbHbIX HarlpaBJIeHHH, KOTOpaH OTJIHTIaeTC51 OT (paKTHT-IeCKH HpHHH- TOId B JIHTepaTYpe TeM, TITO H3MeIeHO YCJIOBHO HOJIO}KHTeJIbHOe Ha- HpaBJIeHHe 3. A. C. B HepBHtHO13 06MOTKe TpaHC(pOpMaTOpa H CTa- TOpHOFf o6MOTKe aCHHXpOHHOII MaLuHHbI. Ha OCHOBe 3TOlI CHCTeMbI HOCTpOeHa CepH5I BeKTOpHbIX RHaFpaMM, 06'beAHHeHHbIX Me)K,1 y co- 6OH o6H]HOCTbIO HAeH 06 3JIexTpHT-Ie-CKOM ipe}KHMe p,a60Tb1 'KaK Baxc PHc.21. BeKTOpuaa AHarpaMMa acHHxpoHHoro renepaTOpa HIM HOBOH CHCTeMe yCJIOBHO HOJIO}KHTCJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHN. HeiuueH xapaKTepIICTHKe MaHIHHbI. HaupaBJIe'HHSI CTpeJIOK nOJIO)KH- TeJIbHbIX HanpaBJIeHHI3 3. J. C. TOKOB H HanpSI}KeHHI3 OJLHHaKOBbI )[J151 BCeX THB0B 3JIeKTpHTIeCKHX MaHIHH. JIHTEPATYPA 1. R. M. II H 0 T P 0 B C K H N, 3JIeKTpHTIecKHe MamIIHbl, r311, 1950. 2. H. C. C e p r e e B, 3JIeKTpHTIecKHe Mamnnbl, r3H, 1955. 3. M. H. K o C T C H K o, 3JIeKTp141aecKHe MawHHbl. I-IacTb o6u(a5i, F311, 1944. 4. r. H. H e T p 0 B, 3neKTpHT{eCKHe MamHHbl, r31'1, 1940. 5. F. B. 3 e B e K e, Fl. A. HO' H K H H, OCHOBbI 3JICKT'pO'TeXHHKH, Td. 1, r3H, 1955. 6. H. H. ri y JI r a K 0 B, rpyHnbl COeRHHeHHB Tpex la3HblX TpaHCc1opMaTO- poB, r3H, 1955. 7. (DH3HTiecKHe OCHOBbI 3JIe'KTpOTexHHKH. flog pea. K. M. IIOJIHBaHOBa, r314, 1954. 8. K. A. K p y r, OCHOBbI 3JieKTpOTexHHKH, OHTH, 1934. 9. W. B o a s t, OCHOBbI TeopHH 9JIeKTpHTIecKHx H MarHHTHbIx uene?N, E. u. M., 1955, NQ 4. 10. P. B 6 n i n g, K BonpOCy c603HageHHa HanpaBJleHHa B 3HaKa 3JIex- TpHgCCKHX BeJIHVxH, E. u. M., 1954, Ne 15/16. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OCOBEHHOCTH FEHEPATOPOB JJH3JIEKTPH9ECKOI'O HACPEBA Raa I. mezti. Kay/c B. A. )Kyzoeu1j/U11 ToKH BbICOKHX LIaCTOT npHMeHHIOTC5I AJISI HarpeBa H C/IIIKH ca- MbIX pa3JIH'LIHbIX MaTepHaJIOB. OnbITbl no HarpeBy H CyIHKe TOKaMH BbTCOKOII LIaCTOTbI nOCJIe BOI3HbI HaLIaJIH CTaBHTbCS1 Hpln CKJIeiiKe Ape- BeCHHbI, npeccOBKe IIJIaCTMaCC, BYJIKaHH3aUHH KayLlyKa, npH H3ro- TOBJIeHHn 3JIeKTpOH30JIHUHOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB, CBapHBaHHH TepMO- nIJIacTHgeC'KHX HJIeHOK II CTeKJIa, CyniKe HiePCTH H HCKycCTBeHHOFO IIIeJIKa, KOHCepBHpOBaHHH H pa3MOpa}KHBaHHH HHlije'BbIX npoAyK- TOB H T. A. !I1OCTaHOBKa 13THX 'OHbrPOB O6'bHCHHeTCH pSIAOM npeHMyHjeCTB Ha- rpeBa H CYIIIKH B 3JIeKTpHLIeCKOM none, a HMeHHO: 1) YCKOpeHHeM npouecCOB HarpeBa H CyIIIKH H, CJIc OBaTeJIbHO, rOBbIIIIeHHeM npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTH TeXHOJIOrH'-ICCKHX MaHIHH H annapaTOB; 2) yJIy'-IIHeHH'eM KatIeCTBa npOAYKUHH; 3) BO3MO}KHOCTbIO KOHBeI3epH3auHH ripouecca; 4) yJIyxI'HIeHHeM yCJIOBHT{ Tpyaa. KOHegIHO, He BO BC'eX CJIy'-IaHIX HpHMeHeHITSI TOKOB BbICOKOTI qa- CTOTbI OAHOBPCMCHHO BbISIB.751IOTC5I Bee 3TH i[peHMyn eCTBa. f03T0- My B Ka}KAOM KOIIKPeTHOM CJivLIae He06XOAHMO BbISICHHTb ueJleco- 06pa3HOCTb npHMeHe'HHH TOKOB BbICOKOI1 LIaCTOTbI, YLIHTbIBaH H 3KO- HoMHLIeCKylO TOLIKY 3peHH5I. BHeApeHHe HarpeBa H CYIIIKH TOKaMH BbICOKOcI LIaCTOTbI B np0- MbTwJIeHHOCTH TOPMO3HTC5I OTCYTCTBHeM CepHIIHOI'O BbInYCKa reHe- paTOpOB pa3JIHLIHbIX MOIIjHOCTC3 H pa3JInLIHbIX LIaCTOT, KOTOPble yAOBJICTBOPHJIH 6bI yCJIOB-14151M yCTOIILIHBOH pa60TbI, BbICOKOrO K. n. A., ITIHPOKOT3 perVJlHp'OBKH, o6eCnegHBal0U eH OnTHMaJIbHbIl3 pe- }KHM, Manoro YPOBH51 noMeX paaHonpHeMy. TOJIbKO B nocJIeAHHe FO11bI TpeCT KHa pa6oTa rexepaTopa Ha JjByx iaCTOTax: HH3KOIi, JIe}KaLUeA BHyTPH HHTepBaJIOB 0 - f a1 ' 0-f,,, H BbICOKOII, JIe}Kaujeii BHyTPH HHTepBaJIOB fat -- fa3' fc2 - fc3' UJISi 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHoro rexepaTopa KacJeapbi T0D HH3KaH '-IaCTOTa paBHa HpHMepHO 4 M04, a BbICOKaH 20 M24. DTH gIaCTOTbI H Ha6JIIoJ aJTHcb HPH HaJIaL Ke reHepaTopa. 4TO6bI yCTpaHHTb Bo3MO}KHOCTb reHepaunH Ha qaCTOTe 4 M24, nocJIeJ oBaTeJIbHO C ,gpocceJIeM BKJIIOgeHO aHTHnapa3HTHoe COHpOTHB- JIeHHe R,; HOg60pOM er0 BeJIH'IHHbI MO}KHO yCTpaHHTb B03MO)KHOCTb reHepauHH Ha 'IacTOTe 4 M24. LIaCTOTHasI XapaKTepHCTHKa allOAHOrO KOHTypa CHHMaJIaCb C HO- MOHjbIO KyMeTpa. 4acTOTa fai OKa3aJIaCb paBHOI3 4,5 M2g, fa2 7 MM H fa3 -,23 M21 , '-ITO HOJIHOCTbIO COrJIacyeTCH C paC'-IeTOM. B o6JIaCTn, mCTOT, 3HatHTeJIbHo 6oJIbIIJHX fa3, Ha KyMe'I'pe MO}K- HO 3aMepHTb eme pnjj pe3olaHCHbIX ggaCTOT, KOTOPble OHpeaeJISIIOTc r napa3HTHbIMH eMKOCTSIMH H HHJjYKTHBHOCTSiMH COeJIHHHTeJIbHbIX UJHH, a Taio a HaJIHLIHeM COe4HHHTeJIbHOIi KoaKCHaJIbHOt JIHHHH. n03TOMy B03MO)KHO HOSIBJIeHHe VJIbTpaKOpOTKOBOJIHOBbIX napa3HT- Hbix xoJIe6aHHYI, KOTopble MoryT HpHBeCTH K aBapMH. IIpH HaJIaJIKe PeHepaTO'pa B03H'HKaJIH H TaKHe napa3HTHble KOJIe6aHHA. YcTpaHe- HHe HX B03MO}KHO pauHOHaJIbHbIM MOHTa?KOM. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 C POCTOM MOIIZHOCTH reHepaTOpa TpYJIHOCTH HaJIaAKH Bo3pa- CTalOT, TaK KaK yAeJlbHbTI3 BeC napa3HTHbIX napaMeTpoB paCTeT. B03- paCTaIOT IF TpyJIHOCTH 3aMeHbI OTJIeJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB allOAHOrO KOH- Typa, 'ITO HeH36e?KH0, Korjja C'epHIIHbIi reHepaTOp npHCnoca6JIH- BaeTC5I K pa6oTe C 3aJIaHHbIM pa6otfM KOHJjeHCaTOpOM II 3aAaHHOIi Harpy3KOIi. TaK, HanpHMep, npH corJIaCOBaHHH cepHAHoro reHepa- TOpa MOHjHOCTbIO 30 1C8T C KOHBeIIepHOIi yCTaHOBKOii JJJISI CyIIIKH HCKYCCTBeHHOrO IIIejrKa npHIIIJIOCb H3MeHHTb Ha McCTe KOHCTpYKTH'B- Hoe BbIrIOJIHeHHe He TOJIbKO HHJjYKTHBHOCTii I.,,, HO H IlepeMeHHoro B03)jyIUHOrO UHJIHHJIpHgeCKorO KOHJjeacaTOpa C. KpoMe TOPO, KaK rIOKa3bIBaeT OrIbIT AJIH corJIaCOBaHHSI Harpy3KH, T. e. HOJly'IeHHSI on- THMaJIbHOrO COnpOTHBJIe'HHSi aHOJIHOrO KOHTypa, Heo6XOAHMo H3Me- HSITb TO'4KY npHcoejIHHeHHSI KOHJjeHcaTopa C (TO'IKH 1, 2, 3 Ha p'ac. 4), 'ITO y'CJIO)KHHeT cxeMy aHOAHoro KO'HTypa, yBeJIH'IHBaeT 'IHCJIo pe30HaHCHbIX Ia'CTO'T H JjeJlaeT 6oJiee Tpy 1HOii AoCTH}KeHlie yCTOii'IHBOii pa60TbI reHepaTOpa (B03MO)KHO 3aTHrHBa'HHe). C pOCTOM MOHLHOCTH reHepaTOpa BO3paCTanOT TaK}Ke TpYJLHOCTH 3KpaHHpOBKH C IIeJIbJO yCTpaHeHnH paAHOnoMeX. F103TOMY 3acJIy}KHBaeT BHHMaHHSI Jjpyroi BO3M0}KHbIA nyTb HO- CTpoeHHSi exert reHepaTOpOB JIJrn JIH3JIeKTpw'P'-IecKorO HarpeBa, 'IaCTo BCTpe''aIOHjlIICSI 3a rpaHHljeli. B 3TOM c.iy'ae PeHepaTOpbl BbInoJi- HSIIOTCH MIIOrOKaCKarwbIMH, npH'IeM '-IacToTa 3aJIaIOHjero reHepaTOpa Bb16HpaeTCSI B nOJioce 'IaCTOT, CneH,HaJIbHO OTBeJjeHHbIX JUJIS1 npo- MbIIHJIeHHbIX reHepaTOpOB, H CTa6HJIH3HpyeTCSi. 3aAa'IH cTa6HJIbHOri reHepauHH H coroiacoBaHnH Harpy3KH B 3TOM CJIy'Iae pa3JjeJIHIOTC51, 'ITO r103BOJISI'eT JjO6HTbCSI npeJ-b'IBJIeHHbIX BbIHIe K reHepaTOpaM JIH3JIeKTpHgeCKOrO HarpeBa Tpe60BaHHIi 6o.iee HpOCTbIMH nyTHMH. Fe'HepaTOpbi nOJly'IaIOTCSI 6oJiee yHHBepcaJlbHbl- NIH (B CMbICJIe pa60TbI Ha pa3JIH'IHb1e Harpy3KH) H 6o.ie'e ycToii'IH- BbIMH. OJUHaKO CXe'MbI H KOHCTPYKUHH TaKHX reHepaTOpOB, HanpH- Mep BbIrIyCKaeMbIX B Fep1aHCKOI3 geMOKpaTHgeCKOfI PeCny6JIHKe, 3Ha'IHrreJIbHO CJIO3KHee, 'IeM OJIHOKaCKaJIHbIX aBToreHe'paTOpoB. Ta,K, re'HepaTOp THna 1721.6 F 2 MOI1 HOICTbIO 1,5 1C8T, pa6oTaio- HjHii Ha 'IaCTOTe 27,12 Mat -+ 0,6%', 'IeTbIpeXKaCKaJIHbIii H HMeeT B cxeMe ynpaBJIeHHH H aBTOMaTH'IecKOIi HOJjCTpOHKH 11 JIaMH. fIH- TaHH-e reHe'paTOpa OCymecTBJIHeTCSI OT IneCTH BbIHpSIMHTeJIeII. CXe- MbI re'HepaTOpa, rIHTaHHH H 6JIOKHpOBKH, CHrHaJIH3aUHH H ynpaBJle- HHSI allaJlOrHgHbI COOTBeTCTByx)njHM cxeMaM pajjHOHepeJlaT'IHKa TOIL 3Ke MIOIIjHOCTH. II03TOMY CTOHMOCTb reHepaTopa 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO npeBo- CXOAHT CTOHMOCTb aBToreHepaTOpa TaKOIi )Ke MOHiHOCTH. PaccMaTpHBaSi nepcneKTHBbI pa3BHTH5q H BHeJjpeH'HH BbICOKO'Ia- CTOTHOrO HarpeBa H CyUIKH, Heo6XOAHMO OTM-eTHTb H TpeTHIi B03- M03KHbIIi nyTb - nyTb CO3ABHHSI reHepaTOpoB C He3aBHCHMbIM B03- 6y}KJjeHHeM C He6OJIbuIHM 'IHCJIOM KaCKaJIOB H Bo3MO?KHO npOCTOifi cxeMOII nHTaHHSI, 6JI0KHpOBKH, CHrHaJii-l3auHH H ynpaBJleHHSI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 AHAJIH3 KOJIbUEBOt CXEMbI B gACTOTHO-4)A3OBOI CHCTEME TEJIEYnPABJIEHNSI Acnupanm /I. C. Xeu1 TexHHKa TeJleynpaBJiexHH B nOCJIeJJHHe rOAbI pa3BHBaeTCH B Ha- npaBJIeHHH HCHOJIb3OBaHH5I pa3JIHtIHbIX 6eCKOHTaKTHbIX 3JI'eMeHTOB ii 60Jie'e HIHpOKoro HCnOJIb3oBaHH51 IIaCTOTHbIX HMnVJIbCHbIX np14-- 3HaKOB. IIpH TeJleynpaBJIeHIiH CpaBHHTeJlbHO He60JlbLIHM KOJIHiieCTBOM o6'beKTOB npH CpaBHHTeJIbHO H.e60JlbHIHX paCCTOHHHSIX HaH60JIee ue- Jlecoo6pa3HO HCHOJ1b3OBaTb cyluecTBy}onule JIHHITH CBH3H C BB'eAe- HHeM Ha HHX liaCTO'THbIX Ka'HaJGOB B noJ1TOHaJIbHOM AHarla3OHe tIaCTOT. IIpH TaKOM peuleHHH 3aaatIH oTnaAaeT Heo5xoAmMOCTb np0'KJiaAbl- BaTb AJISI uejieli TeJleynpaBJIeHHSI CneuHaJlbHble flpOBOJta, H BOSIB- JIHeTCSI BO3MO}KHOCTb, He Hapyma5l TeJIe#HHy10 CBH3b, HCHOJIb3O- BaTb CyHjeCTByIOHZHe KaHaJlbi. Ha Ka(Jeape ABTOMaTHKIP, Te.ICMeXaHHKH H MaTeMaTHtIeCKHX Ma- IIIHH M31'J npH y1aCTHH aBTOpa 6bIJIa pa3pa60TaHa tiaCTOTHO-(4a30- BaSi CHCTeMa TeJIeynpaBJIeHHH, ynpOnuCHHaH cxeMa KOTOpOIi noKa- 3aH3 Ha pnc. 1. I-1epeAa'-ia CHrHaJIOB OCymeCTBJIH'eTCH HVTeM H3MeH'e'HHH LIaCTOTbI H (pa3bI CHrHaJIa. I-eHepaTOpaMH tlaCTOTbl CJIy}KHT 6JIO'K CTaTIItie- CKIHX yMHo)K?HTeJIeII qa.eTOTbI YI, fHTaeMbI13 OT iCeTH nepeMeHHOro TOKa. B npHeMHOH tIaC'TH yCTpOHICTBa HMeIOTCS1 TaKOIi we 6J10K CTaTH- IIeCKHx yMHO}KHTeJie1 Y2, pa6OTaIOHZHIi OT Toil xce CeTH ne'pe'MeHHo- r0 TOKa, H AeIIIH(ppaTOp. B nOCJIeAHeM yCTaHOBJIeHbI 3JIeKTpHtI'eCKHe 4JHJIbTpbl (1). IIOCJIe HHX BKJHOtIeHbI (Da30Bble jeTeKTOpbI )J, onop- Hbie HanpH}KeHHH aJISI KOTOpbIX CHHMa1OTC5I CIO CTaTHRIeCKHX yMHO- }KHTeJIeli. B KageCTBe 3JI'CKTpHtIeCKHX 4JHJIbTPOB npHMe"iH1OTCH LC- KOHTypbI. OAHaKO 'npHMeHeHHe LC-#JIbTpOB C03AaeT pxA TeXHH1ieOKHX TpyAHOCTeii. BBHAy HH3KHX TIaC'TOT KaTyllKa aouKHa '6bITb CO CTaJlbHbIM CepAegHHKOM. DTO npHBOAHT, Kp0Me 6oJIbnlHx ra6apliTOB H BeCOB, K 3aTpyAHeHH51M npH pactleTe H HaiiaAKe p'e3OHaHCHbIX KOHTypOB, TaK KaK Hajio ytlecm, tITO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT tiHcjia OAHO- BpeMeHHO pa60TalOMHX KaHaJIOB noAMarHHggHBaHHe CepAetIHHKOB H3MeHHeTC51 B IIIHpOKHX npeAeJlaX. )06pOTHOCTb )Ke KOHTyPOB AOJOK- Ha 6bITb BcerAa UOCTaTO1IHOfl. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1103TOMY 6bIJIO 6bI }KeJIaTeJIbHO CTpOHTb CHCTeMy 6e3 pe3oHaHC- HbIX KOHTYPOB c cepAe'4HHKaMH. LemH(ppaTOp BbIHOJIHSIeT TIaCTOTHOe pa3Ae.IeHHe KaHaJIOB H (pa- 3OBOe AeTeKTHpOBaHHe OTAeJIbHbIX KaHaJIOB. )jJIH BbIHOJIHeHIIH nep- BOYI 3aaa,4H CJIy3KHT LC-(mHJIbTp, AJIH BbIHOJIHeHHH BTOpOcI - (pa30- BbIIi aeTeKTOp. IIOCJIeAHHIt, KaK H3BeCTHO, BbIAeJIHeT B CBOCII BbIXO, LHOYI ijenH HOCTO51HHYIO COCTa,BJIHIOHlylO TOKa, npOHOpUHOHBJIbHYJO KOCHHYCY yrJIa CJ.jBHra 4 a3 BXOjjHOrO H OHOpIIOI'O HaHpHXKeHHII OAHHaKOBOA T3 a CTOTbI . Ho, HOMHMO 3TOIi riOCTO THHOR COCTBBJIHIOLUeFI, (4Ja3OBbIIi ReTeKTOP B HeKOTOpbIX cjiygaHX BbIAeJIHeT nOCTOHIIHYK) COCTaBJIHK)IUYIO H npH PHc. I. BnoK-cxema vaCTOTHO-cpa3OBOrO ycTpoHCTBa TeJIe- yHpaBneHHSI MEM. r?epaBHbIX gacToTax. EcmH 6bI y)laJiOCb pacCtnlTaTb q)a30BbIR AeTeK- TOp, BbIAeJIHK)HI,HII nOCTOHHHyIO COCTaBJIHK)IUY}O TOJIbKO npH COBHa- AeHHH TIaCTOT, TO 3TOT 3JIeMeHT CTa.TI 6b1 TIaCTOTHO-(pa3OBbIM ,aeTeK- TOpOM, nepeA KOTOpbIM ()HJIbTp H3JIHHIeH. PaCCMOTPHM nO3TOMy 4)a- 30BbIII AeTeKTOp B 6oJiee o6ineM pe}KHMe, KorJa TIaCTOTa BXOJjHOrO IIafp5I}KeHHT5I Mo}KeT OTJIHTIaTbCSI OT qaCTOTbI OnOpHOI'O. (Da30gYBCTBHTeJIbHbbe CxeMbl, pa60Taiouwe B TaKOM pe}KHMe, Ha- XOASIT HIHpOKOe HpHMeHeHHe B BbICOKOLIBCTOTHOM TeJIe )OHHpOBaHHH H IIOCHT Ha3BaHHe npeo6pa3oBaTei1eci TlacToTbl. HccJIeayeM KOJIbUeByIO cxeMy, HMeiouiyio J IT npeHMynjeCTB riepej apyrHMH. DTa cxeMa H3o6pax(exa Ha puc. 2. KaK npaBHJIO, luol maxc >> I u'I maxc. B 3TOM cjiyiae MO?KHO Hpxf- McIIHTb McTOA YnpaBJIHeMbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHII. CYLUHOCTb 3TOro Me- To,aa 3axJHoTIaeT'CH B n'peAnOJIO}KeHHH, TITO COnpOTHBJIeHHe BeHTHJISI UOJIHOCTbIO oHpeAe,TIAeTCSI OHOpHbIM Hanp5I?KeHHeM U. TaKHM o6pa- 30M, cxeMa npeACTaBJIHOT Co6oH JIHHei Hylo CHCTeMY C HepeMeHHbI- MIi napaMeTpaMH, KOTOpble HBJIHK)TCH (4YHKUMIMH BpeMeHH. HCKO- Mble Be.IH'TIHHbI BbITIHCJIRIOTCH O6bITIHbIMH McTOAaMH TeOpHH JIHHeI3- HbIX 3JIeKTPHTIeCKHX Ijenell. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 143 pnc. 2 BHJI,HO, 4TO COnpOTHBJIeHHe BI -r (+ u), B2=r (+ u)B3=r(-uo), B4=r(.-uo). Ha OCHOBe cxeMbl noJlytiaeM: [r(-uo)-r (+uo)]u, __ (1) 2R [r (-I- uo) + r (- u0)] + r (+ uo) r (- u) r 5IBJI51 TC51 npOH3BOAHOI3 (~yHKUHeli XapaKTepHCTHKH BbinpHMHTe- Jiei3. 11pn 6oJlbunlx aMnJInTyJi,ax onopuoro HanpH}KeHHH npHHSITO 3aMCHHTb xapaKTepHCTHKy LC 12_ L9 BeHTI-IJIH JIOMaHOii JlnHneii (4yHKunR r npn06peTaeT BHJj, H306pa}KeHHbIH Ha pHC. 3, 6. O6o3HagnM: uo =Uosin al, 1 ,l4, Cxeia 3aMeuuenn51 KoJlblleBoro je- TeKTOpa. al -cut; u~=Ucsina.,, a,=ncut+cp; n B pe}KHMe 9acTOTHO- (pa3oBOT0 JzeTeKTOpa - ue- JIOe LiHcjio HJIH o6paTHoe 3Ha9eHne uejioro gncjia. uc - nanpH>KeHHe cHrHana; uo - onopnoe HanpH>Ke- Hne; R - aKTHeHoe conpoTHBneHHe; B1, B2, Bs, B4 - BbinpHn+HTenH C O,RHHaKOBOSS xapaKTepHCTHKO5. Tor)ja conpOTHBJIeHHe BeHTHJlell Bblpa}KaeTCSl B TaKOM BHae: r (+ Ito) = rn 2 r3 + rn 2 r3 v (t); r3 - rn r3 v (t) Y (- u ) = rn 2 2 IIepeKJilo,ialoujaH (3yHKUHSI V (t) 113o6paxcena Ha pHc. 4. TOK Harpy3KH nPHHHMaeT BHa: _ (r3 - rn) y (t) uc to 2R(rn+r:4)+rnr3 BbIpa3HM v (t) pUjoM (Dypbe 00 (t) - 4 sin ka>t a k k .. 1, 3, 5.... H rIOACTaBHM B Bblpa}KeHHe i, . 156 (2) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 floc.ne HeKOTOpblx r.peo6pa3OBaHHIi nOJIyiIHM: iK=Q 3 O n i e Q=a(2R(rn+rs)-}'r,, I43 Bblpa}KeHHSI (3) CJIeJiyeT, YTO nOCTOIHHaH cocTaB.nxlolaaH onpejie nSieTCSI 3HaxieHHeM n, H6o OHa fOSIBJISIeTCI npH ycJIOBHH Q (3) r? -1 6) PHC. 4. I-pac)HK nepeKAl04a10- a eH (PyHKI[HH. PHC. 3. IIpH6JIH}KeHHble XapaKTepHCTHKH Bbl- npBMHTeJIB npH B03J.>,e$CTBHn nepeMeHHOrO Hanpwx{eHHH 6OJIbIIIOit aMHJIHTyJLbl. n = k. TaK KaK k npHO6- CL -BOJIbTaMnepHaK XapaKTepHCTHKa; 6 - rpad)HK peTaeT 3HatieHHH He4eT- C0Hp0TBBJIeHHB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HaflpS)KeHHB. HbIX uejibix 4Hceii OT HYJI51 jio 6eCKOHeq-IHOCTH, TO nO- CTO IHHaSi COCTaBJISIK)IIiaSI B03HHKaeT npH n = 1, 3, 5 H COCTaBJISIeT lK = Q COS n E flpH jipyrHX 3Haqexnsix n iK_=0. C.nytiai n =I COOTBCTCTByeT COBna aeHHIO qaCTOTbI BXOJ[HOTO H OnOpHOro HanplI}KeHHIi H cxeMa, BblJieJISISI nOCTOSIHHyIO COCTaBJIHIO- IIiylo C BeJIHPIHHOI3 l K= = Q COS p, OCyHieCTBJIHeT q)a30Boe jieTeKTH- pOBaHHe. aJISI BbInOJIHeHHSI ~iaCTOTHOrO pa3jie.IeiiH5I Heo6Xoj tiMO BbI- nOJIHeHHe jiOnOJIHHTeJIbHOrO yCJIOBHSI: npH 1=0 n=1=1. 3TO ycJIOBHe, KaK CJiej[yeT H3 BbluIeCKa3aHHOrO, He yJ[OBJIeTBOpHeTCSI. OHO yjLOBJIeTBOPHJIOCb 6bI TOJIbKO B TOM cJiyqae, ecJIH Bblpaxce- HHe (3) HMejio 6bI TaKOII BHii: iK = c [cos (nwt + (P - wt) - cos (nwt + + (0t)] = = c sin (nwt -}- y) sin wt, (4) T. e. TOK HarPy3KH aomKeH 6bITb nponopIuHOHaJIeH npOH3BeJteHHIO BXOjLHOrO H OnOpHoro HanpoI KeHHIt. DTOT 3I JJCKT MO)KHO nOJIy9HTb B (pa301YBCTBHTeJIbHbIX cxeMax, cojiep}Kaii nx 3JIeMeHTbI C KBajipa- TnnHOI3 XapaKTepFCTHKOH. `k [cos (nwt -]- y - k(ot) -- cos (nwt -f- + kwt)], )U -r 2(r Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 FipHMeM xapaKTepHCTHKy BeHTHJIH BHAa pxc. 5: i =au+but; di di = a + 2bu; Ar du r-di-a}2bu Ranee, B cxetile pHc. 2 r(+uj= 1 a+buo 3 r (- uo) = a bu v a) I 6) IIOJLCTaBHB BTH Bblpa}KeHHB B PHc. 5. a - KBa2(paTLI4Has BoJIbTaMHepxaA 'apaITe- 2buou, pHCTHKa BeHTHJ12; 6 - f pa4)HK COHpoTHBJ7eHHR (5) BeHTH.7A. K 1 -r- 4aR 3TOT pesyJIbTaT HoJIy'-IaeTCH TaK Ke H B c nyTiae JIIo60r0 3Ha9e- HHH OHOpHOTO Halp51}KeHHSI H COOTBeTCTBeHHO He Tpe6yeTCH paiee OrOBOpeHHoro OrpaHH'IeHHH 0 TOM, TO u, gOJDKHo 6blTb MHOrO McHbuJe uo. Ha OCHOBe cxeMbl pHc. 2 MO}KHO HanHcaTb CJIeay1owHe ypaBHeHHH: ul=-uK+ 2 u,-~ I uo, (6) u4+U,, + 2 uc - 2 uo. uK = tKR. il-aul+bui , 1 i2=au2+bu2 i3=au3+bu3, } 2 I i4 = au4 -{- bu4 L i3 + 4), (il+i2-i3-14), ix-il- i2+i3-i4. (7) (8) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 u +uK - -J uc + 2 uo, iii--llH- 2 uc 2 uo, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Bblpa3uB 113 3THX ypaBHeHNH iK, noJIygMM. = 2b lK 1 --- 4aR llo llc' U0 = Uo cos a,.= U,, cos wt, u, = U, Cos a2 = U, cos (nwt + p), (10) JjJIA TOKa foJIyquM: b lK = l -}- 4aR U"Uc [cos (wt - nwt -- gyp) + cos (wt + nwt + f)]. (11), 1Zpn n 1 nOCTOSIHHaH COCTaBJISIIoujaH orcyTCTByeT. flpx n ==I TOK cocTaBJISIeT: b b 1K = 1 -}- 4 aR U,,UC COs P -I- 1 -t- 4aR U,,Uc cos (2wt + ~)? (12) ,]O cMX hop ILJIfT ynpolueHUa aua nu3a 6bIJIO npearioao>KeHO, LITO Harpy3Ka R LIMCTO aKTHBHaH. Ho He npeaCTaBJIxeT Tpy,gHOCT14 onpe- Jje,neHne TOKa HaI'py3KH npH JIIO6oM JIHHeIIHOM Harpy30gHOM COnpo- THBJIeHHH. ECJin, HanpuMep, Harpy3Ka o6JIa,gaeT HHJjyKTHBHOCTbIO L, KpOMe aKTIIBHOFO COnpOTHBJIeHHH R, TO B ypaBHeHHe (7) BMeCTO uK = iKR CJIejjyeT noCTaBHTb u,, = iKR + L diK 143 CI-ICTeMbI ypaBHeHNHI (6)-(9) nOJIy'-INTCR all*epeHuHaJIbHOe ypaBHeHne: 4aL dtK + (1 +4aR) iK =2buou OgeBHAHO, IITO npF n =I HOCTOHHHaM cOCTaBJISIFOHjan paBHa: b tK= 1 + 4aR U,,Uc COS Y. flepeMeHHasl cocTaBJIAK)IuaH pasha: (13) i - - b U U cos (2wt -{- ';lA HelC3B;'CTrl1,1d111. 1lanpHMep, npH paultycc flu~IIHl, pa r-0,011 H 4r-F( u0O i< >y 10-12 I~/,YI CHCTCMa HMeCT CJIC~2yt(,LgHM BHJ.j: 10,; 9668410 -}- 1 ,02156221 210708r2 + 1 ,999J0q. 9 , 5756162? + 7,630313t1 + 0, 74843912 + 5 , 54931 q3 - 1 ()()0; 8,2785917(, - 6,79070721 + 4,67751922 -1- 20, 1244283 .= 1 000; 5,991,171-,(,-4- 4,69,5323-:1 -f- 3,049516% + 100, 5')000g3 = 1000. PeLHHB 3Ty CHCTeMy MCTO4OM llOCJle)jOBaTe.,'1b1lbIx HCKJIK)9eH1 ;IC113BCCTHbIX, riOJly9a(1Nl 3HaTIeHHH COOIBCTCTByIOWHX 3apH)gOB H O4CBHJUIO, HT,) noTe11UHaj1 KOHTpOJIbHbIX roqeK ! =0, 1, 2, 3 MO?{{HO 33HHCaTb KaK JIIIHellHy.o a'Ire6pairiccKy.o JyI1KuH.0 3apaljon: PHC. 3. K pacveTv cpeuxero To=92,292.10-12 KIM; T1= 10,8"8. 10-12 KIM; 22=20,410.10-12 K/M; q = 3,33348.10-12 K. PeweHHe o6paTHON 3a,4agr1 TeoplH noTenw-a,na L{a 3TOM 3aKOHrleno. Ka}K,abI1 143 JIHHe13Hb1x 3ap5{AOB 'Cj C03JIaeT Fla 60KOBOIi noBepx- I{OCTH fHJIHHJjpa HeKoTopb1I4 CpeAHHII nOTeHw4aJI p,p, , KOTOpb1I3 Bbl- 4HCJIHM KaK HHTerpaJi n0 OTpe3Ky npHM01%I, napaJ1JleJlbxox OCH 2 (pHc. 3): d d 1 _ 2 1 14z' 1-z' T ~/ 1 - 4ree? d-b f ~d2/ 47-,EEO d - b J L Al sh r, }Arsh r, I d2'= 4ree d b [(1 -}- d) Arsh 1 r d - (/(1 d)2 -}- r'2 - -(1-d)ArshI rd-} j/(1-d)2-}-ri2- - (1 + b) Arsh 1 r b -} 1/(1 -+ -- b)2 --- ri2 + +(I - b) Arsh 1 - b - l/' (1- bp+ ri2 1 . r' J (3) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Cpe;IHHFi rIJTeHu`-iaJI n) 60KOBJA IIOBepXHOCTiI u`IJIHH ipa Tt)t1e9Hb1X HCTOIIHHKOB q3 paBeH: 21 _ 4a I dz _U3 ~cp3 2 4nee, 21 r2 _t z2 4neeol Arsh z r 0 Q" Arsh21 4ne1 r Ilpe,LeJibl HHTerpHpOBaHHU d H b, cooTBeTCTBy;oHwHe (4) KpaiHUM TWIKaM Bcero UHJIHHAPa no JIJIHII(, Bblpa}KeHbl B OTHOCHTe IbHbIX e;uiuuiuaX, TaK >Ke KaK Z' H r'. IIpH T =0,01 BbIgHCJIeHHSI Aaji:3 c ie;jyiou ee 3Ha4ICHIle cpe4HerO noTeHuim,'m 60KOBOR UOBepXHOCTH UHJIHIHUpa: - YcP 4Tc, 17070 + 71 --1 + a272 + 0'3q3] 1 [9,993TO+3,7161, +0,797T.,+5,991g3] = 10-12998,68 [B]. 4nEE? 47czzi IloJlygleHHOe HliCJiJ BOCb]Ma 6JIH3KO K npHHOTOMy payee 3Ha,IC- 12 HIIiO nJTeHui'laJia KOHTpOJIbabIX TOIIeK (101 1 000 [B] ), nero II ciie- 4eeo fJ,OBauO o?KHAaTb. IIpH 60JIb1neM qnC,Ile HCH3BeCTHbIX BbIIIHCJIeHHA 110 i4o7MyJIaM (3) Il (4) MoryT BOBCe He noTpe6oBaTbco. CyMMa 3apSIJjOB, C03Aafommx 3TOT nOTeHuHaJI: Q=2110+41iCi+412t2+2q3=2.92,292+0,8.10,808+ +0,2.20,410+2.3,33348==203,979,10-12 [K]. IloreHuHaJIbHbIFI Ko9: 41NuHenr 0J 1HOgH0F0 uHJIHH,apa nuJIy'IaeM +:alc oTllolueHHe 1p = 1 93765 1 4,89598 [e JK]. 4ne_f1 Q 4ne_? 203,979 Ko3(xIJnuHeHT a = 4nse, 4neeo 4,99647 [6'K] COOTBeTCTByeT H3- geCTHOMy B JIHTepaType [JI. 11, HaH60Jiee HPOCTOMY ycpeAHeHv o IIOTeHuHaJla OT 0,HOrO JIHHIb JIHHeIIHOro 3apRAa TO H BbITIHCJIeH no BbIpa7KeHHIO _ I 1 2l r a F 4nei [Arsh r - (2! )2 1 -{- 2l (5) CJIeAOBaTeJlbFIO, name 6oJlee T04HOe 3Hageyne noTeHuHaJlbHoro KO9((HuHeHTa Ha 2,01 % HH}Ke nepnoro npH6J1HxceHHH no (5). rlo.lo6Hble pacqeTbl npoBeaeHbI AJIH CeMH pa3JIHqHbIX pa1HyCOB. Ha pmc. 4 npHBeaeHa 3aBHCHMOCTb IIOHH}KeH11H COnpOTHBJIeHH11 paCTeKaHHIO B npoueHTaX no CpaBHeHHIO C o6IueH3BeCTHOFi I)OpMy- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ,noi (5). uJ1H HHxcenepxbix paC~IeTOB B CJlyvae Heo6xoaHMocTH y4H- TbIBaTb 3Ty nonpaBKy MO?KeNI peKOMeHJOBaTb CJIeJyionuHif HOpBTOK BbIgHCJIeHHH: BbhIHCJIHTb nepBoe npH6JIH?KeHHe no (5) c JIK)6ofi }Ke- JiaeMON TOgHOCTblO, 3aTeM n3 rpad1]HKa pi- c. 4 HanTH nonpaBKy I It OKOHLIaTeJIbHO a = ", (1 - ~ (6) 100 . 11pi paCHeTe COHpOTHBJICHHH paCTeKaHHio Tpy6liaToro 3a3eMJIIJ- Te.nH 3HageHHe 0:' no CpaBHeHrIO C 4)oprynnoif (5) cJleJyeT yMHO}KHTb 0,001 0,002 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05 Of PHc. 4. IlonpaBKa K noreHUnaJlbltoMy K0344HUHeHTy o1jHH0gHoro IIHJIHH/jI)3 KOHe'LHo I AJ1HHbI HJIH K COnpOTHBJIeHHIO paCTeKanmo Tpy6~iaToro 3a3eMJIHTe.IH. Ha 2, TaK KaK B HII}KHeM no iynpOCTpaHCTBe paCTeKaeTCSI fOJiOBHHa o6EUerO TOKa, a Ha4 HOBCpXEIOCTbIO 3eMJIH HMeeM TOJIbKO 3epKaJIbHO o'ro6pa}KeHHyIO CHCTeMy. BMeCTO 8e0 HeoOxoJIHMo nOJ cTaBHTb yJ>;eJlb- HVIO npOBOJHMOCTb rpyHTa x. CJIeJOBaTeJIbHO, noJlyilaeM: 21 i r 2 o R' Arsh - - + 1 ? [oAc] R ' ( 1 ~ ~? 2.W r (21 21 = R-100) (6') Ecinll Heo6xo1j1Mo ygecTb BJIHHHHe 3axpyrJleHH5I 3KBHHOTeHuHa- JIH BOKpyr KOHUa uHJIHHIjpa, noJEygaIou eFic 1 npH npeJJIaraeMo i cxeMe pacYeTa, To Ha116oJiee 'npocTO (Ho H HaH6o.nee rpy6o) 3T7 MOJI(HO CJIeJIamb cJleJyioIurTM o6pa3OM: BMeCTO JjefCTBHTeJlbHON JU'HHbI UHJIHHJpa II1151 HOJ(CTaHOBKH B (popMyJEy (5) B3ITb paCLIeT- HyIO JIJIHHy (pHc. 5) 'pact =1- 0,75 r. (7) fIpe.LLJnaraeMan CxeMa pacuel'a JIaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb HCHOJIb3OBBTb pe3yJ1bTaTbl npOBeJIeHlloro pauieTa JJESI JHO6bIX npOMe?KyTOT-IHbrX IG8 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3HageHIIH pa,Hyca, He no- lpacv ~~ BPOPHH TpyJZOeMKOPO CocTa- o / l 3 BJIeHHSI H peiLIeHHSI CHCTe- MbI ypaBHeHHH. I 3Haq,eHHg nonpaBOK H?JIb3H CT-I,HTaTb CJOBep'meH- PHc. 5. (DaKTH9eCKaH (1) H pac4eTHa I (Ipacq) HO TOTIHbIMH. COFJIa'CHO AJIHHbi uHJIHHApa npH yveTe 3aKpyrneHH51 HpHH'U.H Iy MHHyMyMa IIO- TeHuHaJIbHOH 3HeprHH npH OBO6OAHOM pacn'p?AeJie'HHH 3apSIA'OB CJIe.yeT O}KHAaTb, 4TO 3TH 110- npaB?KH HeCKOTIbKO 3aHH}K'eHbl. Bojiee TO,IIHble norIpaBKH npH Heo6XOAn- MOCTH Mo3KHO 6bIJIO-6bI BbILIH'CJIHTb M) Toli 3Ke paCCMOTpeHH'OI3 cxeMe paCtieTa, np 16erasl K CHCTeMaM ypaBHeHHH C 6OJIblIIHM tIHCJIOM Me- PHC. 6. OTHOWeHHe CyMMbI AOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX 3apHAVB K OCHOB- HOMy JIHHeSHOMy 3apHAy fOCTOHHHOI3 n.'IOTHOCTH. 113BeCTHbIx, HanpaMep 20 HJIH 100. B paCCMOTP HH0M HaMH aHana3o- He H3MeHeuae pa.Hyca 0,001 -I- < 0,1 noHpaBKa Ha ConpoTHBJIe- HHe paCTeKaHHFIO MeasleTCH B npeueJzax OT 0,58 Ao 7% H CTanasHT- csI McHbIIIeI-i 1 % P. t < 0,003. IIpeaCTaBJISIeT HHTepec, XOTH H 6oJlee TeopeTagecKHIi, ewe OjjHH BeJIHgHHa: OTHO1IeHIHe ao6aiBWIHbIX 3apHjjwB, pacnpeaejIeHHbIX B KOHuaX uHJIHHjjpa, K OCHOBHOMY JIHHecHOMy sapsljjy, pacnpeAeJleH- HOMy nO Bcei JinHHe uuJIH'H,2pa. 3TOT Ko4xkHuHeHT H36bITKa 3a- pHAOB ' 3o' XapaKTepH3YIOMHH HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpejieJIeHHsl 3apH, OB HO AJIHHe uiJIHHApa, yMeHbujaeTCSI npH ymeHbIITeHHH pa- Anyca uHJIHHjjpa H npeBblmlaeT BeJIHLHHy A B 4-10 pa3. HanpH- Mep npH paAHyce r = 0,01 1 Ko30imvieHT 1136bITKa 32PHAOB paneli 10,51%, Torua KaK A=2,01% (pnc. 6). f oc ie TOM KaK HaHAeHbl 3HatleHH3I To, TI, T2 H q3, BbItIHCJIeHHe fOTeHUHaJIa B Jno6oc TOTIKe npocTpaHCTBa y)Ke He npe)ZCTaBJIHeT TpyAHOCTeF; CJieayeT JIHHIb BbITIHCJIHTb no 4IopMyne (4) COCTaBJIAIO- LuHe nOTeHuHaJIa, o6yCJIOBJICHHble Ka}KAb1M H3 TIHHeIlHbIX 3apl;jOB B OTjjeJIbHOCTH. ,qJIH KOHKpeTHOH OueHKH TpyAoeMKOCTH BbITIIICJIeHH)H HO paCCMaT- pHBaeMOMy McTOAy npHBejjeM CJieAyrowHe aaHHble. BbITIHCJIeFIHe KO- ,4(pHuHeHTOB CHCTeMbI ypaB'HeHHH C geTbIpbMSI He'143BeCTHbIMH noTpe- 6oBaJlo 276 apH(pMeTH4ecKHX onepauHH, peHlellne - 62, nponep- Ka - 28, HTOro 366 apH*MeTHTl CKHX onepauHH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Haxo3KgenHc Bed1HiHHbI no 'IepTe)Ky nJln Ta6JIHue npupaBHeno (UIHOMy apn(]JMeTHhieCKOMy JIeRCTBHio. Bblgncjienne cpej[Hero noTeH- uHaJia noTpe6oBaJlo 85 apuCJMeTrgecKux onepauH 1. fIpH yBe.nHne- UIFm Linciia Heu3BeCTIIbIx TpyJ(oeMKOCTb BbILIHCJIeHHM 6yJjeT B03pa- CTaTb npHMepHo npOnopuHoHaJIbHO KBaJ1,paTy LIHCJIa HeH3BeCTHbIX n1?H cocTaB.neHlln ypaBI{eniiR H Ky6y - npH peuieiin. 2. Pac9eT McTOjjOM KOHCgHbIIX pa.3HOCTe lpHHUHnnaJIbHO Jjpyr,12 B03M0>KHOCTb LIHCJIeHHOFO paCLIeTa no.ii O,I,HHOLIHoro WHJIHHApHLIeCKOrO BJIeKTpoJa 3aKJI!OLIaeTCH B TOM, LITO BMeCTO aH(p(]IepenLuHaJIhnnro ypaBHeHHSI nOJISI pemaeM 000TBeTCT- BVIOHjyFO CIPCTeMy a,ire6pai4LieCKIIX ypaBHeHH11. PacTIeT 3aTpyjjHSleT- CH -rem, LITO nOCTaBJIennasl HaMH 3aaaga BHeIIIHSFA, H o6JIacTb, B Ko- TopOI'I iimeM nOTeHuHaJI, npoCTHpaeTCH AO 6eCKOHeTIHOCTH. B npaK- TI4Ke MoJ e.nHpOBa1IHFF nojie}i CeTKaMF4 JgHCKPCTI-IbIX 3JFeKTpHLIeCKHX COHpOTHBJIeHHI1 H3 3TOrO 3aTpyAHeHHH BbIXOAAT BBeAeHHeM HeKOTO- pou nogxoaH ueli KpIIHOJ1HIeNH01i CHCT'eMbI O606meHHb!X KOOPJjHHaT IT 4] B pa6oTe [.11. 5] n0K33au0, 'ITO npH HpHMeHeHHH KPHBOJIHHecIHbIX CeTKK, npH6JIH)KeHH0 COBnaaaIou_mx C KaPTHHOF3 n0JI9, KOJIHLIeCTBO ;ILIeeK MO)KeT 6bITb 3HaT4HTeJIbHO coKpameHO. B HaCTOd r ei pa60Te 6VAeM nojiaraTb, LITO noTeHuna.P. B HCCJIeJjyeMo1 o611,CTIi (pHC. 10) COCTOHT H3 ABYX COCTBBJIIK)njHX: Y =- ?' + c" (8) 3a (p' Bbl6epeM noTeHuHaJI T04e'lHorO 3apHJJa, noMenjeHHOrO B Ha- KaJIe KOOPAHHaT, H Ha3OBeM ero rJ1aBHoI4 cOCTaBJISIIOHjei3. CeTKy ,1,J1i4 LiHCJIeHHOrIO paclieTa nJIH MOJi,eJIHpOBaHHn noa6epeM TaK, LITO6bI paCLIeT no Heit aaBaJi a6COJIlOTHO TOLIHbII{ pe3yJIbTaT npH HaJIHLDHH TOJIbKO rJIaBHOfI COCTaBJ15,aoMei'I (p'. Ha30BeM (p" COCTaBJISIK)ni,eH HC- KaiKeHHSI. OHa B03HtiIKae.T 113-3a OTJIHLIHII nOBepXHOCTH UHJIHH.2 pa OT C()epbl. flpH Bb16ope (])OpMbI CeTKH ee YLII4TbIBaTb He 6yAeM. fIo- 9TOMy BCH IOrPeIHHOCTb pacLleTa npll TaKOI! CCTKe 6yTeT 06VCJIOBJIe- iia TOJIbKO COCTaB.15IK)Iljeli HCKa}KeHu4.q (p". B OTJIHLIHe OT [JT. 5] 6yaeM HCKaTb np,eo6pa3oBaHHe KOOpj[HHaT B BHJje allaJIHT14LIeCKorO BbIpa)KeHHII, r103BOJ15noL [erO BMeCPO CeTKH npOH3BOJIbHOIi (pOpMbl nOJIy4HTb paBHOMepHyK). a) Ilpeo6pa3oeaHue KOOpdutcam. YpaBHeHHe Jianjiaca B C()epH- IeCKO1i CHCTeMe KOOpf(HIIaT (pnc. 7) HMeeT cnejjyfou n BHA: _ 1 d z 09y I r) 1 o2y R2 d R (R d R) + W2 st 06 00 sin b + Rz sin2 a daj = 0. (9) 1 Tcc IeAyeM, KaK IO (4OpMy npHMeT ypaaneHHe (9) npH aerie He3aBHCHMO{i nepeMeHHON R Liepe3 RI. 5yaeM CLIHTaTb, LITO CTapasi H HOBahl nepeMeHHble Ii\IHO-O,,HO3HagH0fI H B paccMaTPHBaeMOM HHTepBa.ne CB513aHbI B3a- HenpepblBH013 (~yHKuHeci R, = R, (R). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PH --, 7. C4epHaee,=2(1-x2)'2-2(1-x2)312+1. (28) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 000 U"l o00 b \ ~ 0 1 \ 1 10 0 0 7 00 50! 0 O L ' ~ 20 3 ! 1 1 r xI~ / 1 ~ O` 100 ~ 15 1 - ,5 W 15 50 ~I I~ F E~ F O s V T O 0o e m ') C BblpaxceHHe J JIq m1 ripii 3TOM MO}KeT 6biTb nOJiy'eHO, eCJIH HC- nOJ1b3OBaTb (17) B (24): 3 Hc 1 (I - x2)3I2 ~? sin w't' ) -}- (1 xo )3/> _x2)312 m1=- 3 1 -j- (1 - x2) 12 1n -- -(1 x2)/2 x (29) 187 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 UU IU ~~ < -- u~` m=1000 ; 1000 o ....... ..... o - ~ ' ' Io to S too: 5U U 0 5~ T I ~~ \ ~ 0001!=pry ~~ G - too os ?oi D 00! ; m H E F~ E~ I 1 I I i 0 0 0 c} ? o o o ? ? `O m o 06LuHfi MarHTFITHbII-I MOMeHT B 3TOM CJiyiae npeLCTaBJISIeTCH CyMMO13 BblpaxseHnll (28) H (29). Ha pHc. 4,6 nO,CTpOeHbl KpHBble 3aaBHCHMOCTH m1, m2 H M OT C AJIH BTOpOI'O HOJlynepHoIja. B OTJIHqHe OT nepBOro noJlynepHoaa m1 npH x=1 (HaLIaJIo npouecca) Tenepb B CooTBeTCTBHH C HOBbIMH HatiaJIbHbIMH YCJIOBHHMH HMeeT H3JIeBOe 3HagIeHne. 3a3HCHMOCTb m2(x) Tenepb 'y}Ke He BbIpa?KaercR eaHHOII KpHBOII; AJISI Ka}KJ[OII > gaCTOTbI, npH KOTOpOIi B nepBOM no.Jlyne- pHOJ e map He IIOJIHOCTbIO nepeMarlHTHJICH, HMeeTCH CB051 KpHBaSi. 188 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1000 y \` a =1000 m l0~ loo \ ,ooi 5p 50 . E E ~ I '. ~ a a ~ ? a o n o ro 1~ 1 X00 oo ? t 0 -Too L50 c W , 5 I d'S~ ~ F E F 1. I I 1 Yjf 1 e) TpeTUU u citedytougue noJtynepuoabt. B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeM, LITO 6bIJIo CKa3aHO 0 TpeTbeM noJlynepHo e B npeabijymeM napa- rpacpe, nojIygeHbI BbIpa}I{eHmi A.TISI m1 H A051 M2: (1 - x2)'11 (J m1=- 3 X 3 Ho ~C 1 2 3 2 3/z 311 sinwt , ~+ -(1-xo)/1+!1_x )-~1-x2) () 2) / l 30 x 'l_ 1+(1-x In x -(1 x2)11 m2=2(1 -x2)3/2-2(1 _x2)3/2+2(1 -x')'/2 - 1. (31) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3TH ypaBlleHHSI CnpaBeRJIHBbI J JIH X1 - X 1. HeTpyaHO BH1 eTm, 'ITO KorRa (ppOHT BOJIHbI ROCTHraeT x=Xi, TO 3TH YCJIOBHH BbIp03K- JaIOTC51 B ypaBHeHHSI (25) H (22) nepaoro no,nynepnoaa. KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH MI, !m2 H M OT x aJI51 TpeTbero nOJlyne- PHOaa I0CTpoenbI Ha plc. 5,a. Rim c.aeJjylomHx lieTHbIX noJlynepHOaoB CnpaBeaJrHBbI ypaBHe- 111151 BTOPOPO noJrynepnoj a, a J JIH HeiieTHbIx - TpeTbero no,nyrle- plioaa. Ha pHc. 5,6-e nocTpoeHbI KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH MI, m2 ~H M CT x aim 7IeTBepToro, n5ITOr0 H IIIeCTOrO nOJIyrIepHOJ(OB. CpaBHeHHe coOTBeTCTByIOIHHx KPHBbrx T-IeTBepToro m IHeCTOrO [OdIynePHOaOB HOKa3bIBaeT, TIT'O OHH JTLILUb He3Ha'IHTeJIbHO OTJIH- . - ho.m 10510 ` 0~ a=1 I i ' i 'A IMP / J 10000 ~ - 5 / h I ZA l,L, ~r\ Z,~r 00 3ar 4~z 0 S.T 6~r X00 ~~ ~ ~~ ~ 00 OOb ~ ~ rn Liaiorex apyr OT Rpyra. ORHaKO 3T0 He SIBJIHeTC51 noKa3aTeJleM TO- ro, TO npouecc 6JIH3OK K yCTaHOBHBIHeMyCH pexcHMy. B RaHHOM cmyLIae 3T0 rOBOPHT o6 o6paTHOM: ripouecc McJJIeiHHO ycTaHaBJIH- BaeTCH; TeM McRJIeHHee (B Te'IeHHC 60Jlbinero TIHCJIa nepHORO'B), LIeM Bb1IIIe 'IaCTOTa. Ha pHc. 6 HOCTPOeHbI KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH o6luero MarmHTHOro MOMeHTa M OT BpeMeHH ,TJIH Tex ?Ke 3HaLI?eHHII TIaCTOTbI, TITO H BbIHIe. iIIJIH yao6CTBa CpaBHeHH1H KPHiBbIX OHH I1OCTPOeHbI He B CpYHKIZHH V, a B CJYHKHIIH W't'. 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HpH TIaCTOTe, KOraa Heap TOJIbKO ycne- BaeT HepeMarHHTHTbCSI, H HpH 6OJIee BbICOKHX 'IaCTOTaX MOMeIIT CO- XpaHHeT HOCTOBHHOe 3Ha'eHHe (yila'CTOK be KPHBOII J JIH W'= 1 000 14 allaJIOr14IHble y'TaCTKH )ipyrHX KpHBbIX) JIHIHb B Te'ICIIHC BpeMeIIIT, Heo6Xo,iHMono )JIH TOrO, 1ITO6bI HanpH?KeHHOCTb BHeLHHero nOJIH H3MeHIIJIaCb Ha 2 He. 3TO nOCTOHHHOe 3Ira'IeHHe MOMeHTa cOOTBeT- CTBYCT TOMy COCTOHHHIO iuapa, KOrja CppOHT BOJIHbI nepeMarHHgH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BaHH54 (OaHoro HanpaBJfeiHSI) y}Ke oCTaHoBHJICH, a nepeMarHH'IH- Barme B RpyrOM HanpaBJIeHHH eul;e He Haganocb, T. e. 3TO 3Ha'IeHHe MOMCHta 06yCJIOBJIe'HO TOJIbKO nGJISIpH3auHeII. KpOMe Toro, B 3TOM c.nyTaae HOCTOSIHHOe 3HaHeHHe MOMeHTa He SIBJISLe'PCSI MaKCHMaJIbHbIM (no a6COJIIOTHOII BeJIM HHe), a 061uni MOMeHT 3a C'IeT JfeIIcTBHA BHXPeBbIX TOKOB npoaoJi}KaeT paCTH (OT TO'rKH C), HeCMOTPSI Ha TO, 'TiTO map y}Ke Ha'laa n,epeMarHHTIHBaTbCSI B UpOTHBOHOJIOx(HOM Ha- npaBJIeHHH. I-1eM BblIIe T-IaCTOTa, TeM 60JIbIIIe MarHHTHbIII MOMeHT B CBOeM H3MeHeHHH OTCTaeT OT BHenIHero nOJISI. IIpn JjOCTaTO'-lHo 6OJIbIIIHX gaCTOTaX 3T0 OTCTaBaHHe npeBblHIaeT 'IeTBepTb neptioaa. 3. 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMeHTa mapa OT HaHpsuKCHHOCTH Mej[JICHHO H3MCH5IIOHqcrocsl BHeHIHer0 nOJISI floj McJ1 TIeHHbIM H3MeHeHHCM BHeHIHero nod'm MbI 3Jje!Cb nOHH- MaeM TaKOC H3MeHeHHe, KOraa MO}KHO npeHe6pegb MarHHTHbIM MO- McHTOM, o6ycJIoBJIeHHbIM BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH. gJISI 3TTOrO cJIyTIaH 6bIJIa noJIy4eHa 3aBHCHMOCTb MarHHTHOrO MOMeHTa Hlapa OT HaHpsl- ?KeHHOCTH BHeHIHero no.ISI [J1. 4] (rlpH HaJIII'IHH JBYX O6JIaCTef{ Ha- MarHH';eHHOCTH) : H m - e i . 3. 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TaK KaK B paCCMaTPHBaeMOM CJIyTIae o6JIaeTb Q pa3MarHHT-IeHa, TO HI paBHa HyJIIO. KpoMe Toro, npH npoABH}KeHHIP (pPOHTa BOJIHbI HHAVKUHSI Tenepb MeH5IeTC51 He Ha Beii1TIHHy Bcx a Ha 1/2 Bcx' Y4eT 3TOrO HPHBOAHT K CJIeAylolueMy Bb1pa3KeHH1O aJI51 CKOPOCTII ABH}KeHHH (4POHTa BOJIHbI: dx dt'- 3-(I -x2)2/2 ~ (34) 1-}-(1-x2f/2 x 1 111 x x2)'12 1 3TO Bblpa}KeHHe cnpaBeAJIHBO npH Juo6OH 3aBHCHMOCTH He OT t Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (KOHe9HO, noxa oCTaiOTCH JInUIb RBe o6JlaCTH HaMaFHHTIeHHOC'H 11 nOKa d' < 0)? 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XXVII. 193 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 9TOM ycJloBHe OKOHVaHHU npouecca B nepBOM noJiynepnoAe ?BbICOKOIH tiacTOTe": o= -, aresin{ 3 H(1 -xo)'~' } I~ H? G 0 (37) yc:iOBne HaTlaJla npouecca BO BTOpOM noJlynepHOAe npH ?HH3KOR 'Ia- CIOTe" Bblpa}KaeTCA ypaBHenneM (10), a npn ,BbICOKOR qaCTOTC" H. J {Ho - H1(1 -x0)~~ } . (38) t'=_~1, aresin H aY CJIOBHe OKOHtIaHHB npouecca BO BTOpOM fOJlynepno4e npn xl > x0: t'=wI H , arc sin ~Ho - 3HG (1 - xo)3l2 + 3H21 G (1 - 2)'l2 (39) 5. MarHHTHbAH MOMeHT npeABapHTeJIbHO pa3M$rHH9eHHOCO Hlapa. Kai H B paCC-,1OTpe11Hblx BbI11Ie CJIy'IaiX, MaFHHTH01 MOMCHT wapa B paccMaTpHBaeMOM cly'ae o6yc.IOBJIHBaeTCB MarHHTHOH 00- JI5IpH3auHe[1 It BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH. TaK KaK o6JIaCTb Q B paCCMaTpHBaeMOM CJIyT1ae pa3MarHHYeHa, TO o6yCJIOBJIeHHbII'1 nOJIHpH3auueli MarHHTHbJ1I MOMeHT wapa 6yaeT OTJIHgaTbCB OT COOTBeTCTByfoIuerO B pacCMOTpeHHbIX Bblwe cj1yqa2x Ha BCJIHT1NHy m2Q= 1 - (1 - x2)3122 (3AeCb HHAeKC Q 03HanaeT, LITO MOMeHT o6yCJIOBJIeH nOJIapH3au"eI3 o611aCTH Q). F103TOMy npH Ha- JIHqHH AByX o6J1acTe13 HaMarHH4eHHOCTH (nepBbllI foJlynepHOA) 3a- BHCHMOCTb m2 OT x npe4CTaBHTCH Bblpa>KeHHeM m9 x2)312 (40) a npH HaJIHTIHH Tpex o611aCTe i (BTOpOH noJlynepHOA npH ?BbICOKOil gacTOTe") m,=2(1-x2)'I2-(1-X)32. (41) O6ycJIOBaeHHbll BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH MarHHTHbII-I MOMeHT npH HaMar- i1H4HBaHHH npe4BapHTeJIbHO pa3MarHH'IeHHOro H1apa MO}KeT 6blTb npeACTaBJIeH [npH ytieTe (34)] Bblpa)KeHHeM (I - x2)312 3AH 1 'l2 1 3 [in 1 +(I x xz) 12 -(1 X2,21 [ lI cnpaBe4JIHBbIM AO TeX nop, noxa npHMeHHMO (34). ,UJIH nepBOro noJlynepHOAa cHHycoHAaJIbHOr0 BHewHero HOJIB 3"rc Bblpa}KeHHe HpHMeT BHA: (1 -- x2)3/ x 1121=-3 x 1t1 1+(1-x2)'12 X2)'12 1 - l2 >( 0 (sin X2)3I2 (43) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 a-! N~_ ! ! 70000 ~:2 0,4 O t . G S ~`i I ~~ 1 2100 .Vl m 2 y0anynepuodel e=f W ~ .L 0,2 0 4 10,6 0,B 2 21 ~/ . / ~ --o-- nl z 1 1 1 / Oanynep " odt, 21 Q 111 1600 - Na ~p z> T 7-Off / / 02 0 4 0B 0,e M, -o- mz m fo yneo i 4 3 I I I I Pic. 8. 3aBHCHMOCTb MI, m2 H In OT X J1J1I npeAeapfTe.nbBO pa3MarHH,ie11HOrO liapa. a) wl = 20; 6) o, = 50; e) wl =I110; 2) w' - 1 000. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 , ~:;i BTOporo noJtynepno;1,a c.1ejyeT y iccTb (36), 'rorJta ---(l - x in l = 3 L I n x X2)'/2 - -- (I -- X2)'12 iWo 2,1 (sin (,)'t' -t0- c )-t-- (1 -- X2)aI, - (1 - X2)9/2 KaK 6bIJIO yKa3aHO BbIHIe, .TuujJ(4)epeHUHaJIbHble ypaBHeHHSI BH4 (35) H (36) He pernarOTCH B H3BeCTHbIX gJYHKUHSIX. 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ECTeCTBeHHO, HTO H B J[aHHOM CJIygi'ae 3aBHCHMOCTb nit OT X B HepBOM HOJIynepHOJLe BbIpa)KaeTCH er HHO]-I KpHBOII JJIH BCeX iIa- CTOT, OTJIH'IHOII OT COOTBeTCTByIOIUeII Aim ipeaBapH?TeJIbH0 Ha`nar- HH4CHHOFO IHapa. AJISI BTOporO H CJIe)1ylOlIHX noJlynepHOJ[?OB 9Ta 3aBHCHMOCTb Bblpa)KaeTCH pa3HbIMH KPHBbIMH 1JJI5I pa31-IbIX LIaCTOT. MarHHTHbIf MOMeHT m1, 06yCJIOBJIeHHbII3 BHXpeBbIMH TOKaMH, K3K B HaqaJIe (x= 1), TaK H B KOIIUe (0 c x 1) npouecca B Ka)KJIOM fOJlynepHOJje H'MeeT HyJIeBOe 3HaMIeHHe. 190 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O6pamaeT Ha ce6A BHHMaHHe TOT CpaKT, qTO B 2LaHIIOM CJIyqae upouecc nePCXOAHT B yCTaHOBHBHIHcIC51 pexcHM OgeHb 6bICTpO npH BCex TIaCTOTax. Y}Ke BTOpOH noJiynepnoa npaKTHT-IeCKH He OT.nngaeT- CH OT YCTaHOBHBLuerOCH pe?KnMa. 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KpoMe Toro, npH npaKTHLIeCKHX pacgeTax MHO- 212 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 rHe CJaKTOpbi He noui-LaloTCrH ToiIHOMy y4eTy m no3Toiy HeueJleco- o6pa3Ii0 CTPCMHTbC5I K OTIeHb 6OJIbLUOl'I TOT1HC,,:TH 3,1 CTIer yBeJIHTIe- HH51 JUTHTeJIbHOCTII paCTlcTa. 1-1pHMeIIeHHe McTOJja (3a30BNX ceMecfCTB K pemeiinlo ypaBHeHJ R HCCJIef1yeMOFO KOHTypa .L aJlo CJIe,11,yIOLUHe CoOTHOHIenH 1: a) YpaBHeHHC (pa3oB0ro CeMe1ICTBa (p - A2 d i1 p=AI sin($+p)-A3$hdf; I Um Al (ZSB6a3 HFa3lcp RAz COW2S'B6a3 ~ _ Hia3lcp I A3 w2w2SB6aa C (8) B 4)opMy.nax (8) npHHATbI Te ]Ke o603Ha,4eHHH, TITO It B (pOpMy- JIaX (4). flpH nOCTpOeHHH ceMe11CTBa 6bIJIa HCnOJIb3oBaHa TaK}Ke 3a- BHCHMOCTb f i (i) =G (h), nOCTpoeHHai no KPHBbIM h = f2 (P) H 4 _ f 1 (p), 3aJjaHHbIM rpa(pnqeCKH RJI,9 Ka>Kaoro J pocceJIH. 6) YpaBHeFIrr51 JjJISI HOCTpoeHHSI (Ia30BOr0 nOpTpeTa: hk = hk-I +AIZk, (9) pk=[A1sin (4 +k-[A3$hd~la-ak , (10) k ~f hds]aoak 4 hk+F.Il(1 t) ]a _o, (11) Ahk ~ [()k1 + 1) (di A,5. 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CpaBHeHHe paC9eTHbIX H 3KCnepHMeHTaJlbHbIX KPHBbIX nPH 0JaHHa- KOBOM COT-ICTaHHH napaMeTpOB H HaT-laJlbHbIX yCJIOBHli nOKa3aJI0, 4T0 McTOA q)a30BbIX CeMeI1CTB JjaeT yJjOBJIeTBOPHTeJ1bHy!O KaTIeCTBeHHYK) H KOJIHTIeCTBeHHYIO KaPTHHY npouecca: omH6Ka B onpejje.nexnH aM- nJIHTyJj HCKOMbIX Be.IHTInH He npeBbimaeT 15-18?/a, TITO BHOJIHe J(onyCTHMO B npaKTHTIeCKHX pac'1eTax. 1JpHT-IHHOIi 0111H60K HBJIHeTCH B 3H8TIHTeJIbHOIt Mepe npeHe6pe}KeHHe npH pac'IeTe BJIHIIHHeM no- TePb B cep,,AetIHHKe Jjpocce.IR, KOTOpble y'IeCTb He yJjaeTCSI, EcJIH 213 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 yqeCTb 9TH nOTepH BKJIIO4eHHeM, napaJlJleJlbHO apoccejuuo ao6aBwl- 110170 CO[I OTHB.neHH3 R,m, onpeAeJieHHOro no 1JopMyne Rc?- p p (13) cm r,je Pam - fOTepH B cepAeqHHKe ApocceJIH; UdJ, - HanpaxceHHe Ha Apocceae; To ypaBHeHHe Cpa3oBOro CeMe(3CTBa npHMeT BHA: h du - (p' - A2 h) f, (P) - WC (R I Rcm) . 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PeweHHe ypaBHeHHeI Hcc ieayeMorO KOHTypa Ha 3JIeKTpOH:1O11 MOJjeJIHpyIOHT,ei yCTaHOBKe ~tj7n pelueHHa 3aAaHHOrO ypaBHeHHe HCHOJIb3OBaJIaCb 3JIeKTpOH- HaSI M01[eJIHpyIOII a1i yCTa,H,OBKa Tana 9MY-5, C03AaHiIann 14nCTII'Ty- TOM aBToMaTHKH II TeJICMCXOHHKH AH CCCP [Y1. 8]. 11?oAro'roBKa HCXOAHOrO AHIjIJepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHe AJISI Ha6opa Ha yCTa- HOBKe BKJH0'-IaJIa CJIeayionjHe 3Tanbl: 214 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 a) COCTaBJIeHHe CTpyKTyPHOH cxeMbl Ha6opa peulaloluHx 3.ne- NIeHTOB B COOTBeTCTBHH C HcxOJ1,HbIM ypaBHeBHeM; 6) Bb16op MaCLUTa60B npeJ CTaBJIeHHH 3aBHCHMbIX nepeMeHHbIX H BpeMeHH; B) pacLIeT KO3CpCpHUHeHTOB HepeaaiI oTJIeJIbHbIX peelualoLuHX 3Jle- McHTOB no K03CJ M1UHeHTaM HCxo H0F0 ypaBHeHHH; I?) pad-leT HagaJIbHbIX yCJIOBHH H BHeIIIHeI'O BO3Myn eHHSI B Ma- IIIHHHbIX neepeMeHHhIX, T. e. 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HecxoJlbxo 60JIbmie pac- xo}KijeHHSI fOJIycIaIOTCSI npH CpaBHeHHII pe3yTlbTaTOB 3KcneprMeHTa Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 H pactleTa Ha Moaje.nH (pHe. 4). 3 jech norpeWHOCTb B onpe jeJIe11HH HaH60JIbrPerO 3HageHH2 COCTaBJISIeT TaK)Ke OKOJIO 11-12?/p, oJLHaKO B HeKOTOpbIX TOtIKaX KpHBON HOrpeIHHOCTb yBeJIHTIHBaeTCII JIO 27- 300/p. KpoMe Toro, 3aMeTeH HeKOTOpbJ i C: BHr no ()a3e MC?K Y paC- IIeTHON H 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHOFi KpHBbIMH. DTH HorpeluHOCTH 06'bIICHIIIOTC5I He TOJIbKO HOrpeHIHOCTSlMH, BHO- CHMbIMH MOJjeJIbIO, HO H TeM, IITO HpH pac4eTe Ha MOJ JIH He ytIHTbI- BaJIHCb rHCTepe3HCHble 5IBJIeHHIJ. 1703TOMy, KaK H cJIeJ[oBaJIO o}KH- JjaTb, Ha116oJibHIamI HOrpelIHOCTb HOJIytIHJIaCb npH pactleTe TON gaCTH KpHBON HanplI}KeHHSI Ha KOHieHcaTOpe, KOTOpaH COOTBeTCTByeT HO- rBJIeIIHIO JjOHOJIHHTeJIbHOrO HMHyJILCa TOKa, Kor,ga npouecc H,I~eT HO PHc. 4. 3aBHCHMOCTH .1, h dD = f (')), 110.1 11 eHH1o : 1 - npn sKcne pn.Ni enze; 2- ep^ pac-:ere 'ioaexf. ;laHH ble: U-- 130 a, R= 60 ox, C= 6fl .tixcfi, U(0== O; B0 = 0: =0?. O,]JIOMy H3 1IaCTHbIX I'HCTepe311CHbIX UHKJIOB. Bo BCNKOM CJIyqae, MO}KHO yTBep}KaaTb, MTO paccieT Ha Mo,je.IIP JjaeT HorpeHIHOCTH, HC HpeBbIM101UHe HorpeniHOCTef pactleTa rpa(JoaxaJIHTHtIeCKHMH Me- TO)JaMH. OJjHaKO 3aTpaTbl BpeMeHH Ha pactleT HO CpaBHeHHIO C rpa- (JoaHaJIHTHtIeCKHMH McTOJjaMH pe3KO COKpaHjaIOTCSI, COCTaBJTHH Beer') HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT (BpeMSI Ha pactleT rpa(poaHaJIHTHMeCKHMH McTO- aaMH HC'IHCJISIeTCSI clacaMH). BOJIbHIHM HpeHMyUjeCTBOM pactleTOB Ha MOJjeJIH SIBJISICTCSI BO3MO)KHOCTb 6bICTpOrO H3MeHeHHSI K03(JIIHuHeH- TOB ypaBHeHHSl, MTO BMeCTe C Ha6JIIo LeHHeM KpHBON peHleHHH Ha 3KpaHe ocuH.iuiorpa(pa c noCJlecBetleHHeM II03BOJI9eT OIIeHb HarJISTJj- HO oueHHTb BJIHHHHe pa3JIH4IHbIX (JaKTOpOB Ha BI&I pemeIIHB HCCJIe- )jyeMoro ypaBHeHUTI. Pa60Ta no peHIeHHIO yparHeHHH nccJIeJjyeMOro KOHTypa iia 3JIeK- TpOHHON MOJjeJIHpyIOIIjek yCTaHOBKe 9MY-5 HOKa3aJIa, IITO HpH HCCJieXIOBaFIHH 5IBJCHHI1 B HeJIHHeIHbIX CHCTeMaX c,neiyeT HJHpOKO npHMexuTb 3JIeKTpOHHble ctieTHO-pemaloiuHe yCTpoNcTBa. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OCHOBIlble pe3yJIbTaTbl pa6OTbI 3aKJIIOTialOTC5I B CJIejyloIueM: a) flpoBejjeHO 3KCHePMmeIiTa.TihHoe HCCJIeJjOBaHHe yCJIOB13l'l B03- 6y}K,aeI1HSI Cy6rapMOHH'TiecK'HX KOJIe6aHH11 B HpoCTeidllleM KOJIe6a- TeJIbHOM KOHType c IIeJIHTIefH03i IIHAyKTHBHOCTbIO. B npouecce ncc ie- IjOBaHIIII, SIBHBIIIeroCB uaJIbIIefIHIHM Pa3BHTHeM pa60T Hpe,7bl,7yl11HX OOTOPOB, yCTaHOBJIeFibl HeKOrOphie HOBhie CIOpOHb1 51BJIeHHB cy6rap- N1011HYeCKOrO pe3ol-Iaiica, a TaK~KC o61inpy}Ke}ibI H IICHpaBJICHbI He- KOTOphIe oIIIH6KH H FieTOOIIOCTIH pnjja Hcc.JeAoBaTeJTeH. fIoCTpoeHHe o6.nacTell Bo36y)KJjeF145i cy6rapMoHHT3ecKHx KoJIe6aHH>3 B OTHOCH- Te,-IbHbIX ejjHI-iiiuax r103BOJI2eT HpHMeHHTb pe3VJIETaTbI 3KCnePHMeHTa :uuio HCCJIeAOBaHIIST KOJIC6aTeJIbFIbIX KOHTyPOB C HIHPOKHM aHana3O- IIOM cogeTaHlI f napaMeTpoB H HaliaJIbI-IbIX yCJIOBHcf. 6) j.rrn pacTleTa nepexojjnoro npouecca B HCCJIe)jyeMOM KOHType HPHMeHeil McTOJj (pa30BMX ceMecICTB. JOKa3aHO, TITO pacTleT 3THM McTOAOM jjaeT yJOBJIeTBOPHTeJlbHble KagecTBeHHbie H KO.AHTIeCTB('II- Flble pe3yJIbTaTbI. B) flpOBejjeHO penleriae ypaBiieHHSi KOHTYPa Ha 9JIeKTpoHHON MoAe.lHpyfolljeil yCTaIIOBKe. IJoKa3aHO, OTO paCTIeT Ha MOAeJIH jjaeT YJLOBJICTBOPHTCJIbHOC COBHaAeHHe KaK C pacTieTOM rpaccoaHaJHITH- TIeCKHMH M,eT0AaMH, TaK H C 3KCnepnMeHTOM, Tpe6y0 BMee're C TeM 31iaaIHTejIbH0 McHhIHHX 3aTPaT BpeMeHH HO CpaBHeHHIO c rpacpo- OHaJIIITHTIe.CKHMH McTOJjaMH pacaeTa HepexoJjHbIX npouecCOB B He- IHHeKIIbIX CIiCTeMax. 1. A. B. M n p o .n 10 6 0 8 a C. C. Po K O T R H, JTHHnx sJieKTponepe gaoiH -I00 ice Kyli6bimeB-MocKBa, 3jieKTpaiecTB0", 1952, Ne 7. 2. A. F. K H K rH7 a A 3 e, Cy6rapMOHHVecKae KoJleSanuB B aJreKTpa~iecKo6 sicua CO CTaJIbiO, LHCCepraIIHR 9HHH AH CCCP, M., 1955. 3. F. P. P a x n M 0 B, ABronapaMeTpMTIeCKHe Kone6aHa51 B 9JieKTpH4ecKHx eenax C neJiuHe iH0 i HHgyKTHBHOCTbLO, L[HCCepTauHR JIIJH, 11., 1956. 4. JI. (D. A MO x o B C K a R, B. H. JI e B a T 0 B, CySrapmoHH,IecKae Ko:ie- ?aHHR B upocTeImHX cxeMax n B J aJIbHHX a;ieKTponepeAa,iax, 9.-IeKTpn ie- TBO", 1955, Ns 11. 5. 1. H. M a n 1i e a b m T a M, Ho.nuoe co6pauae TpylOB, T. 11, H3)1. All CCCP, 147. 6. H. M. K p bi JI 0 B, H. H. B o r o a io 6 o B, BBe,Renae B ueJIaneSHyio ',iexaIaKy, eI3jr. AH YCCP, 1937. 7. B. E. IS o r o JI I0 6 o B, B. IT. II R T n o B, Pacger nepexoiHbix npoueccoB B 1[poccenax Hac rHeHaa a 9JIe.NeHTax cxeM MarHarHblx ycHJIareJIerl, TpyJrbi B33H, Bbin. 4, 1954. 8. B. A. Tpaue3HIIKOB, E. A. KoraH, B. B. I'vpoB, A. A. Mac- a, 3JIeKTpOHHaB Mo.Oe.TUpyioulaR yCTaHOBKa THna 3MY-5, AH CCCP, HT3HH, 1955. 9. S. J. A n g e 1 1 o, The effect of initial conditions on subharmonic nrrents in a nonlinear series circuit, Trans. AIEE, T. 61, 1942. 1 0 W. J. M c K u n e, M. F. Br u s t, Subharm)nics in a series nonlinear circuit as influenced by initial capacitor charge, Trans. AIEE, T. 71, e. I, 1952. 11. C. Hayashi, Forced oscillations in nonlinear systems, Osaka Print. Co., Japan, 1953. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 AHAJIH3 HOFPELLIHOCTEH H METOR OBPABOTKH PE3YJ1bTATOB 3KCEIEPHMEHTA UPH H3MEPEHHH KKOML1JIEKCHOfl aH3JIEKTPHtIECKOA EIPOHHL&AEMOCTi1 C EIOMOIljblO KYMETPA AcnupaHm B. H. Kyduu TiaCTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH KOMHJIeKCHOI1 jH9JICKTp'HqeCKOH np0- +OI1uaeMOCTH (K. A. n.) pa3JIHIIHbIX BeluecTB, HpHBelteHHble B pxRe 9KCHC1)HMeHTaJIbHbIX pa6OT, HOCBRMeHHbIX H3yYeHHIO gH,3JIeKTPI3Lie- CKHX CBOI3CTB MaTepHaJIOB (HafpHMep, [JI. 1-3]), He COOTBeTCTByIOT OCIIOBHbIM HOJIO)KeHHSIM 0 LIaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHKaX JIHHe1IHbIX ,ZIi3JIe,KTPHKOB. 1'I3BeCTHO, qTO 3aBHCHMOCTb OT qaCTOTbI (0 ACKCTBHTeJIbIJOII E' H MI[HMOR E" COCTaBAHIOI HX K. a. H. 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H3 o6ii eii TeOpHII KoRe6aHHIt JIHHerIHbIX naccuoFibIX CI1CTey1 (CM., Hanpu\ep, [J1. 4]) BbITCKaeT BTOPOC OCHOBIIOe HOJIO}KeHHe: 00 ( r'"(r ("') = S" + I ~ - w~- dij, (`~ ) + 2r,) e' ('1) d %co n rz-- T. e.: B) ae1CTBUTedmHwl cocTaMRiou4aiz K. J. IT onpedensleTCR 'ia- CTOTHbIM XO(aOM .HtfUMOII COCTa8Jl5UOU4etl C TOtLHOCTbFO Cho nOCTOSIH- Hoao CJlaeaeAoeo, a MHUMa5l COCTaaJuuou.(,a5l -'IaCTOTHbIM XOaOM aeucTBUTeJIbHOII C TO'IHOCTbFO (9o eunep6ojlu'Lec,Ccao cAaeaeMoeo. (4) H (5) H3BecTHbI B JIHTepaType KaK COOTHOHIeIIHH KpaMepca- Kponllra. YBeJIHiueHHe npoHHIZaeMOCTH Ha KaKOM-To HHTepBaJle LIacTOTSI, OTMeTIeHHoe aBTOpaMH IHTHpOBaHHbIX pa6oT, MO}KHO 06"bRCHHTb JIH- 60 KaKHMH-TO pe3OHaHCHbIMH gBJIeHHHM'H, JIH60 3aBHCHMOcTbIO 3JI-eKTpHTIeCKHX CBOIICTB HCCJieJZyeMbIX Baum OT Harip5UKeHHOCTH 3neKTpHgeCKOrO nOJtH J.ja}Ke npH BeCbMa cJIa6bIX rio.m iX, JiH60 HaJIH- gHeM CHCTeMaTH4ecKHX no'rpemHOCTeIi B pe3yJlbTaTaX H3MepeH11li. HeCOOTBeTCTBHe 'IaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK COOTHOIneHHSIM Kpa- Mepca-KpOHHra MO?KHO 06'bHCHHTb JIH60 HeJIIPHei3HOCTblo, JIH6o Ha- niigHeM norpeInHOCTeI"I. Mm peHIHJIH HCCJIeJ[OBaTb npHLIHHbI HeCOOTBeTcTBHSI TeopeTHLIe- CKHX n0JO}KeHIIII 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIM JjaHHbIM H, y'IHTb7Ba5i, 'ITO 6oJIbmHIICTB0 113MepeHHI"i, pe3VJIbTaTbl KOTOPbIX BbI3bIBaIOT COMHe- Hite, BbIIIOJIHeHO C fOMOHjbl0 KyMeTpa, B nepBVIO o'IepeJ b npoBec'r H ana.'~H3 Horpeu1HOCTefl npH HpHMCHeHHH 9TOrO McTOJja. 3TO HMeeT 3HageHHe H nOTOMY, 4TO B01HpOCaM TO4HOCTH H3MCPeHH5I K. a. H. C HO?s0IIjb1O KVMCTpa HOCB5TIIjeHO BeCbMa OrpalllggeHHO~-- 'IHCJIO pa6oT. 06bIgHO KOHJjeHCaTOp C HCCJIeJjyeMblM Belljec'rBoM npHcoeJjH- FISTfTCST nspajijiejibHO HaCTpOeTlHOMy KOHJjeHeaTOpy KOHTypa KyMeT- pa. B 3TOM cJiygae nPH yCJIOBHH QI > 1 H npH JHO60M 3Ha'leuInl Q, [JI. 5] Cx == C1 - C2, (6) Q ~ QIQ2 (C I - C2) (7) Q, (Qi - Q2) CI r,ae CX H QX - BXOJjxaHI eMKOC'I'b H uo6pOTHOCTb BeTBII, cofjep}Ka- njei! 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ECJIH ero eMKOCTb Ha giaCTO'Te C,t, TO 221 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 [IpH H3MepCHHH Ha BbICOKHX iaCTOTaX CHpaBe;u lHBO COOTHOIHeHH~ Cx C111 I - t?LL"Ca I - w2L,,C11, I - to~L TC~~ ' r:1,c [ . iIHjyKTIIBHOCTb i>,'TI3H C 113Mep5IeMIIM KOI;- ,I3II-3I1 BbIHOJIIIHB P51,1 H3MepCHIIfI Ha daCTOTaX 10--00 M,,1y c HOMOiUbIO \IeTOja HaHMCHbWHHX KBaJjpaTOB, MO}KHOCTb HCKJIIONHTb OCHOBHyJO CHCTeMaTHgeCKy1O OHIH6Ky. U3MepeHHe K. ,u. II. BeHjeCTBa C HOMOIIjbJO KyMeTpa HBJIHeTCR OAHHM H3 CJlygaeB KOCBeHHOrO H3MepeHHB J]BYXMepHOf4 BeJIH1HHbI, HO3TOMy K aHaJII13y CJIygaliHblX HorpeHIHOCTeIi K. q. H. Heo6xo HMo HOJLXOJ[HTb Ha OCHOBaHHH TeOpHH BepOHTHOCTeII aim J1BYXMepHbIX BeJIHgHH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 F(xl,...,xn)=FI(x1,...,x,1)+jF2(x1,...,xn), (11) uAe F-KOOBeHHO 113MepHeMaB KOMnJIeKCHaBI BeJIHTiHHa, a xi,. .. Xn - HenOCpeJJCTBeHHO H3Mep5ieMble OJHOMep,Hble BeJIHTIHHbI C HOpMaJIb- HbIM 3aKOHOM paCnpeJ(eJIeHHla HOrpeMHOCTe i, TO COBOKyrIHOCTb CJIy- MaIIHbIX 3HaTIeHHII F(xl,..., x?) o6pa3yeT HOPMaJIbHOe 3JIJIHHTHTIe- CKoe pacnpe,JeJleHHe Ha rIJIOCKOCTH. FeoMeTprIIeCKHM McCTOM C.RV- TIaHHbIX TOT3eiK C paBHOFi BepOSITHOCTbIO HOHBJI,eHHB SIBJIAeTCSI B 3TOM AJ 2 PHc. 3. HopManbHoe pacnpeae,neHHe c.rzyvauHbIx norpemaoCTel Ha nJIOCKOCTH. 1 - rnaBHMlI 9nnunc norpeIuHOCTei; 2- 4ynicRHa pacHpeaeneaan norpefHHOCTeii npoeKtlnn BeKTOpa F Ha HanpasneHHe NN. cJIyuae ceMeICTBo noJ106HblX H UOIO6HO pacnoJIO}KeHHbiX 3JIJIHHCOB (pHc. 3). IlorpeUIHOCTH npOeKIUHH BeKTOpa F Ha npOH3BOJIbIIOe HanpaB- JIeHHe NN, o6pa3y1OHZee yroJI a ' c OCbIO J[efICTBHTeJlbllbIX BeJIHgHH, B 3TOM CJIyTlae rIO,'i1H!HHeTC5T HOpMaJIbHOMy 3aKOHy pacnpeJLeJIeHHSI, npHTlc'M KBaapaT cpeJweKBa.1 paTHTIHo1i nOrpelilHOCTH paBeH 2 (FNv)-E k=l 2 ( COs( - (Dh)0" (12) Tk =_- arg ~ (13) (Tk IIpH H3MepeHHH OJIHOMePHbIX BeJIH'-IHH Mep,OK TO11HOCTH MO}KeT CJIy}KHTb CpeJ(HeKBaapaTHTIHaSI nOrpenIHOCTb a. 11pH H3MepeHIIH AByXMepHbIX BeJiBLiHH MepOH TOIIHOCTH CJly}KHrr FJIBBHb1( HJIH CperL- HeKBaJjpaTHTIHbIII 3JIJIHHC HOrpelIHOCTeII. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 143BeCTHO, LITO Hpoexu1ISI rJIaBlIOFO BJFJIHHCa norpeluHOCTeii Ha iiIO6oe HarIpaBJIeIIHe paBHa yjjBOeHHOIi Cpej[HeKBaJ paTHMHOli HO- rpellIHOCTH HpoeKwHa BeKTOpa, n3o6pa>KaIOlljer0 I13MepHIeMyI0 BeJIH- LiHHy, Ha 3T0 HanpaBJleHHe. B npocrciiullei eJiygae C `I - )`"- /' (CIC2QIQ2) - 1 C C2 (QI - Q2) Cl (141 e QlQ2C8 r;je Cs - reoMeTpHgecxasl eMKOCTb o6pa3ua, a CIC2Q1 H Q2 - He- nOCpeJjCTBeIiHO H3MepHieMble BeJIH'-1HHbl. HaMH c eJIauo jjonyII eHi4e, qTO lOrpeUlHOCTH HeIIOCPeJLCTBeHHO II3MepSICMbIX BeJIn4HH HO,1LIMI IOTCH HOpMaJIbHOMy 3aKOHy pacnpejje- leHn i. B 9TOM CJlyiiae nOrpeHIHOCTH HpoeKljHii Ha OCH KOOpjjHHaT Hais- :jeM no (15) H (16): a2 (`I) = CI [C;2 (C + I) a2 (C2)}, B a2 (,ip) = 1 Q1-Q2 2 a2 (CI)+ Cl C. [ C IQ2 ) Qi (15) 2 a2 (Qi) L I - Q2 a2 (Q1)1. (16) CpejjHeKBajjpaTHtIHble HOrpemHOCTH HenocpeJ1cTBeHHO H3Mep5i- eMbIX BeJIHYHH IIpHHHTbI paBHbIMH 1/3 jgOHyCTHMbIX norpeluHOC'reIi 1aHHOrO 1I3MepeHHH. 3HageHHa a6COJI;oTHbIX (a) H OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX (6) cpe rTeKBa4paTHlIHbIX HJrpeHIH3CTeIi, HpHHATbIX HBMH nocJIe TluaTeJIbHOI rpajjyHpOBKII ripu6opa KB-1, npHBejjeHbl B Ta6JI. 1. 2,00 Q ozp(C) I 'IMu%(Q) IIpH MaJIbIX 3HageHHAX Q2 HCTOLIHHKOM HOrpeHIHOCTH C2 MO)KET 6bITb HeTOgHOCTb HaCTpOcIKH B pe30HaHC (a8 ). B 3TOM cjiyqae a2 (C2) - aO2 2 p (C2) + ax (C2) = azp (C2) ? g 2 Q~MUH (Q), (17) rjje OMUx (Q) - MHHHMaJIbHa 1 BeJIHtIHHa 3aMeTHOTO JIJ151 3KCnepHMeH- TaTOpa H3MeHeHHB n0J1o}KeHHH yKa3aTeJIR ao6pOT- HOCTH nPH H3MeHeHHH eMKOCTH; az p (C2) - HOrpeujHOCTb 3a CqeT HeTOTiHOCTH rpajjyHpOBKH HIKaJIbI KOHjjeHcaTopa. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 gTO6bI HMCTb B03MO)RHOCTb OLjeHHTb TO1HOCTb npeJjnoJlaraeMoro 1I3MepCHHH, LICO6XOJjHMO BbIpa3HTb HOrpeLLIHOCTLI iepe3 o}KH)jaeMbie 3Ha4eHHSi napaMeTpOB H3MepHeMOPO KOHJjencaTopa CX H Qx. Ec ni JjJOI BbIquCJIeHHa s CHpaBCJjJIHBO (14) u mux~,HU npe11e6pevb IILTOgHOCTb:O HaCTpOHKH B pe30HaHCC, TO OTHOCHTe.nbHble CpeJjHe- KBaApaTH4Hbie norpeLHHOCTH MO KHO BbliIHCJIHTb no (18), (19) H (20): 822-2Y+12 82(C) 18 72 ( ) 82 ( E2 (C) 4- (x + 'I) + I ?~ (Q 19 ` ), - X2 ( ) 7 (x+ 2o2(C +1 ~2 ?2(t g6 Q = ~ I 20 ) ( o ) ), )+ ( x e T ) ( (Q) = Q(Q). (21) c C - C x = 1 2 (22) Y - C1 C1 CxQ1 Q1 - Q2 _ x _ (23) C1QX Q2 Moa{HO rOKa3aTb, 4TO (18) - (20) CHpaBeJjJIHBbI 1)IH BbI4HCJIe- HH'H OTHOCHTCJIbHbIX cpeju-ieKBa,apaTHLIHbIX HorpeHIHOCTeI[ COCTaB- JISITOIIUHX BXOJ[HOII KOMHJIeKCHOcI eMKOCTH JIK060r0 J[ByxnOJII0CHHKa. 1'13 (18) - (20) o4eBHJIHO, 'ITO cpe2 HeKBaJjpaTHgIHan riorpein- HOCTb pe3yJlbTaTa H3MepeHHH TeM McHbIHe, LleM McHbine 6(c) H O (Q), H 3aBHCHT OT napaMeTpOB H3MepHTeJIbHOI3 CXeMbI. AHaJIH3H- pyx 3TH ypaBHeHHH HJIH aHaJIOPHRIHbie HM, HO nOJIy4eHHbie J JIH Jipy- mHX MCTOJjOB H3MepeH14H K. A. H. c nOMOH1,bIO KyMeTpa, MO}KHO pe- [nHTb OJ[Py H3 OCHOBHbIX 3aaa4 TeoprH norpennHOCTeI3 KOCBeHHbIX H3MepeHHII - On'peJjeJIHTb HapaMeTpbl CXeMbI, HPH KOTOpbIX HorpeHI- HOCTH H3MepeHHIi MHHH'MaJIbHbI. ECJIH H3MepHeMbIII KOHJjeHCaTOp HpHCoerwHS]eTCH HenocpeJjCTBeH- HO K 3a}KHMaM KyMeTpa, T. e. eCJIH 8 BbI4HCJIHeTCI no (14), TO eHH- CTBeHHbIM npOH3BBOJIbHbIM napaMeTpOM HBJIHeTCSI eMKOCTb H3MepHe- MOPO KOH, eHcaTOpa. IIpn HpHMeHCHHH KyMeTpa KB-1 OHa MO}KeT H3MeHHTbCH B ripejjejiax 0< C, KHbi 6bITb Bb16paHbl TBKHM o6pa3OM, 'ITO6bI OHH yj[OBJIeTBOp5JIH YCJIOBHRM A) H B). 15* Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 bpayXMali H A2aKJjoHaJIbj [n. 8] noKa3aJIH, 4T0 ecAH J1el1CTBH- TeJIbHaA H MHHMa5 'IacTH K. A. 1I. Bblpa}KaioTCST CJ HKuHHMH BHJja (1) H (2), TO OHH yJWBJICTBOPAtOT COOT IIOHIeHnAM (4) H (5). CJIego- BaTeJlbllo, Cum anHpOKCHMHpytoiuHe (pYHKH,HH Bb16pa'rb BHJLa (1) H (2), TO yCJIOBHA A) H B) 6y,gyT BbInoJ!HenbI. OCTaeTCSI JIHHIb noJj06paTb TaKOl4 BHq (!)YHKWHH pacnpe?geJIeHHA G (0), HpH KOTOPOM onpeJr,eJIeHHe napaMeTpOB (pyHKuHH G (0) no Me- TOiTv HaHMeHbIIIHX KBaJ,paTOB He BbI3bIBaJIo 6bI oco6bIX Tpy/jHOCTecf. H1H6ojiee npOCTOe peuleHHe noJlygaeTCA npH annpOKCHMaUHH (])yHKwHH pacnpe,geJIeIIHA JIHHeIHOIi KoM61muReli 3JIeMeHTapHbIX (j)yHKLHH g (0), J JIA KOTOpbIX H3BeCTHbI aHaJIHTHYeCKHe Bblpa}KeHHA qaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK: in G (0) = E aigi (fl). (30) i=1 I-IaCTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH B 3TOM CJIy4ae BbIpa}KaIOTCA JIHHeI(- IIOn KOM6HHauHeli H3BeCTHbIX (])yHKHHlt, a CHCTeMa m+2 ypaBHe- HHH [Jig OnpeJ CJIeHHA M HCH3BeCTHbIX HOpMHpytOMHX MHO)KHTeJIeII (aI, ... , am) 14 BeJIH'-IHH 00 H s. HOJIyYaeTCA JIHHe1iHOi4. HOJIb3yACb TeM 06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM, -ITO T-IaCTOTHb1e xapaKTepH- CTHKH MaJIO gyBCTBHTeJIbHbI K H3MeHeHH,O q)YHKUHH pacnpe)1eJIeHHA, MO>KHO npHMCHHTb BCCbMa rpy6y o arInpOKCHMauHtO aeRCTBIHTeJIbHOIR { yHKuHH pacnpeJCeaeHHH H Bb16paTb TaKycO annpoKCHMHpyom,yIO (])yHKLHK), npH KOTOpOIi BbIgHCJIHTeJIbHa5 pa60Ta MHHHMaJIbHa. HaH- 60J1ee HPOCTble Bblpa)KCHHA noJIy'IaK)TCA npH annpOKCHMauHH G (O) ,CyMMO14 8-(pyHKUHH gHpaKa: m G (0) _ E ai8 (0 - fIi). (31) i=11 BpeMeHaMH pe.laKcau-n 3JIeMeHTapHbIX ([)yHKuHI3 (0i) npHXOAHTCH 3aJjaBaTbCA npOH3BOJIbHO, HCXOUA H3 XapaKTepa npeJjBapuTeJIbHO ,,OT pyKH" nOCTpoeHHbIX liaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK. HpH annpOKCHMauHH (])YHKWIIH pacnpe,ge.ieHHA Bblpa)KeHHCM (31) m ki 2'(m)-e~++1wei12 i=1 Qo + m kiwei e" (w) = corn t 1 + (we112 iLL=..//I ki=ai(s,-ate). (32) (33) (34) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 )Jig onpeAeJIeHHH HeH3BeCTHbIX KO3)*1 1HeHTOB kJ H 3Ha'IeHHiI H Q0 MO}KHO BOCnOJIb3OBaTbCH yCJIOBHeM MNHNMyMa CyMMbI KBa jpaTOB a6COJIIOTHbIX OTKJIOHeHHII: M r a) I (k...... k12, ZOO, = min, (35) r;ie pi H gi - BeCOBble K03(J*HUNeHTbI Ae19CTBHTe,'IbHOI3 H MHIIMOI'I COCTaBJIHIOILI,HX HpH l-M 113MepeHHN: I 1 (36) pi = ~,) ; q;= ~ci YcJIOBHe (35) npHBOAHT K CHCTeMe (m + 2) JIHHefHbIX ypaB- iieHHH BHAa Oki ECJIH 3HaHIeHHH >;' H E" Me?KJjy co6oi 3Ha'IHTeJIbxo oTJIHtIaIOTCH HJIH ec iii OJI,Ha H3 3THX BeJIHHHH OqeHb CHJIbHO H3MeHHeTCH HpH II3MeHeHHH T-IaCTOTbI, TO HpH BbIHO.7IHeHHH YCJIOBHH (36) OTHOCHTeJIb- Hble OTKJIOHeHHSI HaIMeHbl1HX HO a6c0JIIOTHOMy 3Ha'IeFIHIO 3KCHe- pHMeHTaJIbHbIX BeIIHTIHH OT HX pacTieTHOrO 3HaTIeHHH MOryT 6bITb OTIeHb 6oJIbulHMH. B 3THX CJIyTIaAX AJIH onpeJ[eJIeHHH HelI3BeCTHbIX diyTlHie HCXOJI,HTb H3 YCJIOBH51 MHHHMYMa CyMMbI KBa)ZpaTOB OTHOCH- TeJIbHbIX OTKJIOHeHHH: (1)2 (ki, in' Eoo' n 2 o0)~P2 i C1 - + i=7 y~ r Ei min (38) 2 E? lU' 2 L i J KOTOpOe TaK}Ke npHBOAHT K CHCTeMe JIHHeI3HbIX ypaBHeHHli. ,UJIH 110010cTpaII$H npeAJIO}KeHHbIX McTO,1ZOB npHBeAeM c.Ier ylo- IuHcl npHMep. C ueJlblo BbIHCHeHH'H BO3MO}KHOCTH HpHMeHeHHH J ii3JIeKTpHTIe- CKOro HarpeBa HpH o4HCTKe OTO JIbLa JIOpWKHbIX fOKpbITHH HCCJIeLO- BaJIHCb T-IaCTOTHble xapaKTepHCTHKH 3arp5I3HeHH0ro Jlbaa. O6pa3ubl no XHMNTIecKOMy COCTaBy H ()H3HTI'eCKOH CTpyKType COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH JIbAy, o6pa3y10HIeMycH Ha AOpO}KHbIX nOKpbITHHX B eCTeCTBeHHbIX yCJIOBHHX. Ha pHC. 5 npe'JZCTaBJIeHbI 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHb1e 3HaT3eHHH C if s HpH TeMnepaType -5 H -10?C A.u o6pa3ua C 3arpH3He- HHeM 1,9%. )IJIH ouHOro pu is 3HaTIeHHIt HoKa3aHbl cpeJlHeKBaApa- THTIHbie HOrpeNIHOCTH. rlpH BbITIHCJIeHHH norpellHOCTH J~eIiCTBIITeJ1b- HoII COCTaBJIHIon1eH HpeAHOJIaraJIOCb, 'ITO nOrpe1UHOCTb HpH onpe- 229 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 J eJieHHH eMKOCTH KOaK'CnaJibHOro (~Haepa He OKa3bIBaeT Cyn1eCTBeH- HOrO BJIHHHHH Ha HorpeIIIHOCTb pe3yJlbTaTa, T. e. C (E~) = a (CX) Cz "co (39) Me 6(CX)- OTHOCHTeiIbHaH cpeJHeKBa,ZpaTHTIHaH norpeLHHOCTb BXOjj- Holi eMKOCTH Harpy3KeHHOro (4H,repa (CX), a C f, - eMKOCTb (mH- Ilepa. 0 0,01 f~ fu ,1 PHc. 5. %CTOTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH 3arp5MeHHOro :1b,ga. 1 - e' npH t = -5? C; 2 - e' npn t - -10? C; 3 - e" npH t m -5? C; 4 - e'' npn t = -10? C. npH BbITIHCJIe.HHH norpen.IHOCTeH BJIHSIHHeM napa3nTHbIX HHlyK- TnBHOCTeII MO}KHO npene6peglb. (yHKUHH pacnpeljeJleHHH 6bIJIa arrrlpOKCHMHpOBaHa CyMMOII o-(pyHKuHH C TIaCTOTaMH penaKCa11HTi 0,05; 0,10; 1,0 H 10 M2t.1. B pe3yJlbTaTe peIIIerIHST CHCTeMbI HIeCTH ypaBHeHHII 6bIJr fOJ1yLIeHb1 3HaTleHHSi K09((HILHeHTOB, npHBeaeHHble B Ta6JI. 2. Ta6.nHUa 2 Temneparypa, ?C I k, I k2 I k3 I kE I e00 - 10 I 12,6 ( 0,01 I 0,97 I 0,58 I 2,78 I 0,478.10-6 --5 10,2 1,08 1,03 0,63 3,20 0,596 10-6 CpaBHnsasi 3HaT1eHH9 Ko34)l IuHeHTOB k npH TeMneparype -10 H -5?C, MO}KHO CJ[eJlaTb 3aKJuogeHHe, TITO ()yHK- IjH'H pacnpellejleHrISI npH nOBbIHIeHHH TeMnepaTypbl CjBHraeTCN B 06JIaCTb .6OJIee BbICOKHX qaCTOT. npOBQIIHMOCTb C POCTOM TeMne- p3Typbl HeCKOJIbKO B03paCTaeT. Fpa(1JHKH, npHBeaeHHbie Ha pHC. 5, nOJIyTIeHbI npH BbITIHCJIeHHH H c" no (32) rI (33) npH 3HatleHFAX KO9t~#UHeHTOB k1,..., k,,, H Be.IIHTIHH e?? H 60, rIpHBe)JeHHbIX B Ta6Jt. 2. 230 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1. rlpiH IH3MepeHHH K. )J. H. C HOMOMbIO KyMeTpa Ha uaCTOTax BbI- rue Diem 5-10 Me14 B pe3yAbTaTax H3MepeItHH Ha6JHoualoTc5I CHCTe- MaTHzieCKHe norpelUHOCTH, HCKa)KaK)HI,He XOJI tIaCTOTHbIX xapaKTe- pHCTHK. 11pe,iJlaraeTC51 Me'r0JZ yqeTa H HCKJIIOLIeHH1H 9THX norpeHlHo- creH. 2. CpeJtxeKBaupaTHUHble cJlygaciHble norpeIIHOCTH H3MepeHHI 3aBHCHT or 3HatIeHH51 napaMeTpOB CXeMbl, B rIaCTHOCTH OT eMKOCTH iKeHHOCTxx BHewHero n0JIA 675 H 1 560 s. HHTHax npOHHuaeMOCTb HaMarITHgeHHorO (peppOMarHeTHKa CTaHO- 3IITCH TeH30PHOfI BeJHLIHHOil. EcnH nOCTO5IH'HOe none Hanpan ieno B.IIOJIb OOH Z, TO MaTp,Hua TeH3Qpa MO>KeT 6bITb :n,PHBeAeHa 'K .BH,1y: P -- i L 0 0 0 0 1L Aim (4eppoMarHeTHKa, HaMarHT1LIeHHoro aO HacbIIueHH51, 3Hatie- HH51 BenHgHH 11, `2 H taz BnepBble 6bIJIH BbItIHCneHbI IIOJIAepoM [JI. 10]. HeHaCIMUeHHbII3 (leppOMarHeTHK COCTOHT H3 OTAeJIbHbIX o611a- CTeii, B npeaenaX KOTOpbIX HaMaFHmeHHOCTb coxpaHHeT 1OCT0HHHOe 3HatleHH,e. MarHHTHas H rHpoMarHHTHaB npOHHuaeMOCTb Kax, pe,4, C. B. BOHCOBCKHS. IIJI, 1951. 6. H. Imo. K a T K O B H K. M. FI O JI H B a H o B, MarHHTHble CneKTpbl M1ia- TepHaJla, 06yCJI0BJIeHHble MaKpoCKOnH9ecKOf1 CTpyKTypon, H3B. AH CCC), cep. 1)H3., 1954, T. 18, cTp. 419. 7. K. X O r a H, (I>eppOMarHHTHbIS 3("eKT (Dapaaea Ha CBepXBbICOIIHX qa- CTOTax H ero npHMeHeHHH. BOnpoCbl paaHOJIOKal(HOHHOS TeXHHKH, 1953, Ns 4. 8. A. B n p K c, ECTeCTBeHHbIS (peppoMarHHTHbIN pe30HaHC H pe30HaHC B npH- CVTCTBHH nOCT'OHHHOrO BHefHerO OOJIH. CTaTbH 35 B [JI. 2]. 9. K. M. H0.IHBai0B, $I. H. Kon. ii n M. 5. Xacnii a, Bpaluenlle nJIOCKOCTH II0JI2pH3ai(HH CaHTHMeTp0BbTX BOJIH ([)eppHTOBOfi Inafi6ofi, II3B. AH CCCP, cep. 4)n3., 1954, T. 18, cTp. 350. 10. A. H o a a e p, K Teopnn q)eppomiarHHTHoro pe30Hanca. CTaTbH 8 B [JI. 2]. 11. C. T. R a d o, Theo:-', of the microwave permeability tensor and Fa- raday effect in ronsatnrated ferromagnetic materials, Phys. Rev., 1953, T. 89, J'5 2. 12. A. A. Th. Al. van T r i e r, Guided electromagnetic waves in 1aniso- tropic media., Appl. Sci. Res., 1953, T. 3. cTp. 305. 13. R. K. W a n g s n e s s, Sublattice effects in magnetic resonance, Phys. Rev., 1953, T. 91, cTp. 1085. 14. L. Neel, Some theoretical aspects of rock-magnetism, Adv. Phy s., 1955, T. 4, 191. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 6b1CTPOJjEHCTBYIO[IjHH MAf HHTHbf I YCHJIHTEJ1b Acnupaxnz T. K. Kyopf1Bge8a IIpH HpoeKTHpOBaFIHH cmeJIHHIHX CHCTeM B pARe CJIy9aeB )KeJIa- TeJIbHO OTKa3aTbCH OT HpHMeHeHHA 3JIeKTpOHIIbIX JIaMn H 3a1\IeHHTb HX 6oJlee ,2CHIeBbIMI1, yAo6HbIMH H Ha, e)KHbIMH B 3KCHJIyaTaIjHH MarHHTHbIMH yCHJIH'reJIHMH. O6bILIHble cxe':MbI MaTHHTIIbIX YCHJIHTe- JIeIi O6JiaJjaloT 60JIbHIOIi HOCTOBHHOR BpeMeHH H o6paTHbIM B03,1e1 - CTBHeM BbIXOJja yCHJIHTeJIH Ha er0 BXOJj, LITO yxyjljuaeT yCJIOBHH CTa- 6HJIH3aLjHH eJIeAHHIHX CH(TeM. B HOHCKax MarHHTHOro yCHJIIITeJIA, JIHIHeHHOrO ynOMSIHyTbIX HeJIOCTaTKOB, 6bIJIa, B LIaCTHOCTH, paccMo- Tp,eHa cxeMa THHa Jla!cICH [Jl. 1, 2], KOTOpaB HaujJIa npHMeHe 1He B HpOMbIHIJIeHHOCTH [JI. 3]. BBHJjy OTCyTCTBH51 JIIITepaTypbl no aHa- .1H'3y p,a60TbI H paCLleTy cxembi JlacJcH aBTOpOiM HpoH3BeJjeHO HC- cJIe,IjoBa.HH'e 3TOI'I cxeMbl H pa3pa6oTaxa McTOJI,HKa pactieTa JjJIm cJly- 4an aKTHBIIOI3 Harpy3KH npH ynpaBJIeHHH nepeMeHHbIM H OJIHOnO- JlyneplloJlHbIM HanpxxceHHeM CHHXpOHH01i LIaCTOTbI. B CTaTbe JjaloTCSI JIHIIIb KpaTKOe OHHC0HHe pa60TbI cXeMbI, oc- HOBHbIC nOJIO)KeHH5I H BbIBOJjbl, McTOJLHKa paciieTa H npHBOJISITCn OCIIOBHble pe3yJIbTaTbI HO HCnbITaHHK) MaKeTa yCHJIHTeJIn, CnpoeKTH- poBaHHoro corJIacHO npegJTo)KeHH013 McTOJIHKe. 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H3MeHeHHe HHJjyKHHH HpOHOpUHOHaJIbHO BeJIHLIHHC KHOrJrOHjeH- H06> CepfjetIHHKOM BOJIbTCeKYHaIIOH (a ? ceic) HJIOLLjaJjH HpHJIOMKeH- IIOrO K 06MOTKe HaHpH}KeHHSI B HHTepBaJIe BpeMeHH t,1 - t,,. L JIH JjaHH01I CXeMbI BeJIHgllHa HafpHBKeHH T HHTaHHH Bb16HpaeTC51 TaKOII, LIrr06bI a ? ceIc-HJIOILjaJjb ero HOJIyBO:IHbI 6bIJTa J OCTaTO4Ha JjJI2 H3MCHeHHH HHJjYKHHH cep. eLIHHKa OT - Bs Jj0 + B,, T. e. Ha 2 B, (pHC. 2). rlpH pa30MKHYTOM COCTOHHHIP ueriei CMeLLjeHHSI H cirHaJLa (pHC. 1,6) H HpH 'OTCyTCTBHH BCIITH?IIH B IjeHH Harpy3KII a) PHC. 1. ITpHHuuHHa.nbHbie cxeMbl MarHHTHoro ycHnHreJlft. 41 - Jj BI'\Cepae4HIMOBble; 6 - OIIIIOceprye lHHKOBa5 KaK C0CT2BIIah 42CTb YCHJIHTe.IH. cep,jeLIHHK 6yJ eT HepeMarHHLIHBHTbCB B cooTBeTCTBHH C HpHJIOMKeH- HbIM HaHpBMKeHFICM H HPITHHTOH HeTJreII rHCTepe3Hca (pHc. 2,a). B TOM MKe CJIytbae, HO HpH HaJIFILDHH BeHTHJIR (u. ea IbHOrO) Ha O6MOTKe 6yaeT OTCYTCTBOBaTb pa3MarHHLIHBaroLgee HarIplDKeHHe, HOJIOMKHM, OTpH1 HTeJIbHO>'I HOJIyBOJIHbI. CepjjeqHHK, pa3 HaCbi'rHB- HIHCb, K Ha,4aJIY KaMKJioro nocJFeJjylon ero HOJIOMKHTC.TbHOrO (IlaMar- HIILIHBaIOH.jerO) HOJIynepFOJja 6yaeT 06JIaJjaTb HHRYKLjHeYI, paBHoii HHJjyKUHH HacbTLLjerlHH. fl03TOMy HHKaKOII a? ceK-HJIOIuaj1H 3TOr0 nOJIynepuoJja HC 6yjeT 3aTpa4HBaTbCB Ha H3MeHCHHe HHJjyKIjHF1 H MOUTH BCe HaUpHMKeHFIC HpHJIOMKHTCII K Harpy3Ke, BCJIe1jCTBHe Llero B IICHH yCTaHOBHTCH MaKCHMaJIbHbIFI TOK, OrpaHHLIeHHblll TOJIbKO c0- IIPOTHBJICHHCM Harpy3KH H aKTHBHbIM COHpOTHBJIeHHeM 06MOTKII. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 YBeJIHignTb BeJIHtIHHy 3TOP0 'roi a HpH (jHKCHpOBaHHOM HaHPH)KeHII1I [TO npeACTaBJI5IeTC51 B03MO)K.HbIM. 3 ro Nie rpeMi, eciiH K Ha4aJIy HaMarHHIIITBaIoI1 ero nOJlyneplTO- JIa HHAyKuHSI ce,pJle'IIHHKa 6y,LeT McHbule 6,, TO IIaCTb 6 ? 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Memoduxa pacltema ycu.1zume.2u upu Keu3eecmubtx za6apu- max cepdet!HUK081. 1. BeJIHI1HHy 6aJIJIaCTHOro ConpOTHBJIeHIIA R. Bb16HpaeM H3 YCJIOBIIH T R,, KJjy S H w,, npH YCJIOBHII y,WOBJIeTBOpeHHH paBeHCTBa (13). I-IO3TOMY 9TO COOTHOHIeHHe npej- JlaraeTCa YCTaHOBHTb McTOJjOM no46opa C y'-IeTOM yj[OBJIeTBOpeHHSI yCJIOBHii (10), (13) H (14), HpoBepii npH 3TOM BO3MO>KHOCTb pa3- McHjeHHBI BCeX o6MOTOK. I1pH Bb16paHHJii HJloiuagH nonepeilHoro CegeHHH Cep; e4HHKa S jjpyrHe ero pa3Mepbl, KaK BHeWHH1i D H BHyTpeHHHli d allaMeTpbl, BbICOTa h H HIHpHH3 a, BJIHHIOT TOJIbKO Ha BO3MO>KHOCTb pa3MeHje- HHH BCeX o6MOTOK H no,nyLle[ue Hy>KHbIX MarHHTHbIX CBOIiCTB, B ,gaHHOM CJ1ygae- HaHJ1ygwei HPHMOyrOJIbHOCTH gl]HaMHgeCKHX rHcTe- pe311CHbIX UHKJIOB npH HaHMeHbuJer HX IIIHpHHe. 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TIOITOMy JjJIA Ka>KjLOrO KOHKpeTHOFO CJIyLIaH HpOeKTH- 254 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 pOBaHHH 6yJjeT 13MCTb McCTO MHHHMBJ1bHO B03M0>KHOe 4HCJIO BHT- KOB Wx.MGx H COOTBeTCTBYIOHjee eMy 3HatleHHe SMaxc' _ RB ~x.rz um = 2Rc Urn SMaw c Bwzmx.MKJjy TOKOM H HaHpB)KeHHeM B Ka>K jolt ee ueHu, HpH 3TOM BO BCeX HIITepBaJTaX BpeMeHH HepHOJja (pHc. 4) TOKII 113MeHHIOTCB CHHyCOII- j aJIbHO. 4. 3ana3,ablBaHHe yCHJIHTeJISI onpeJ1,ea151eTC51 TOJIbKO =iaCTOTOII IICTO'IHHKa HHTCHH51 H He 32BHCHT OT JjpyrHX HapaMeTPOB cxeMbl. -IOBbILIIaB tIaCTOTy, MbI MO)KeM rIOJIyHIHTb oq,eHb He60JIbwwue BpeMe-Ia 3ana3JjbIBaHn5I 6e3 OjHOB:peMeHHOrO VMeebnIIeeH'H5I Ko3(p(lHujeHTa 'TCH,.IIeHHFI. 5. flpeJuiaraeMaH McTOallKa pac eTa yCIFJIHTeJBT HPOCTa, Jjaei, KOHCTPYKTOPY BO3MO)KHOCTb Ha 1TH HaH6o,liee ueJIeCoC6pa3HOe peiue- HHe, HCXOJ151 H3 11MelO HxclI KOHCTpyKTHBIIbIX H TeXH-OJIOrHtIeCKHX 17 TpYAw M3H, Bun. XXVII. 257 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 303M0}ICraBJlexbi Ha ipHC. 4 B BH,2e xp!HBbIX n = f (a,; M). Ka}K2oMy 3Haue- HHIO M COOTBeTCTByeT pelueHHc B BHae cepH'H TotleK-BeJlHquH 11 HPH pa3JIH4Hb1X BeJIHqHHdX a2. 3,HaHeHaH KO3F4HUH0HTa a2 coBMeCTHO C Ko X1X)kfgIieHToM II orlpeJFeJIAK)T BHA (f)yH'KL1HH 3aT\'- xaHHSI. 3HageHl3,g KO3Cp(JHUHeHra ago onpeJjeJISIIOT'cg C'HCTeMaTHtIeCKo5 norpeulHocTblo pelnaiorunx 3JIe- McHTOB. COIOCTaB JreHHe 3THX Ko:)(~- cfYH~u'HeHTOB, npHBeJ1eHHOe B Ta6JI. 1, no, TBepxc.aeT cJ e.na4;- HbIFf BbIHIe BbIBOJ(O coH3MepHMO- CT14 B?JIH'HIIH LI'JIeHOB, OHpe-je- Jisilonwx xapaxrep pemeHflq, H T4JIeHOB, BHOC'HMbIX CHC'TeMaTHqe- CK0u HorpeluHocmIO. 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 f(Vi l`II"C ~I, j,~ + 1 1 -11 rI 'I II:I il 1,l. 0n K()7(1)(1111- aS111.7Hi - 11'1I1Ta, % 111,l, o, -I- i I I l II II I)))-(k(J)H- IL'ICI'Ca, 0 a1711a11T}'- AI)1, % + 1 1 l l 21 21 fir) - ;7 -F YKa3aHIlaSI MCTO.T HKI1 MO%e'I' 6b]Tb HCH0763OBa11B TOK)Ke H HpH p2LUcHH]I JzpyrHX 3a jai, B KOTOpbIX BbIBBJIeHIHe H KOMH2HCBI1:,H5I CH- c'remarHT3c1CKOH IOrpeHIHOCTH pewalou1,HX 3JIeMeHTOB MOrYT 6bITb HpO][3BCAeHbI Hy'reM He TOJIbKO CBeAeHHH 3aJjaHI1OrO YpaBHeHHH K BH3y (10) H aHaJIH3a CHHyCOH,Lla.-mHOI'O peHIeHHA, HO H riyTeM cBelellHH K ypaBHeHHHM BHJ[a '1l ely +Aov 0 (18) II LIaJIH3a 3KCHOHeHllHa,gbHOFO pemeHHH. B 9TOM cJIyT-Iae TO'3HOCTb pellIeHHSi HpoBepaeTC9 B TCM Hm40)KeHH5T pemeHHK y m lty it . TaKHM o6pa3oM, CBe,st 3aaaIIHOe ypaBHeIIHe K ypaB110,111110 milli CHCTeMe ypaBHeHHri C H3BeCTHbIM allaJIHTH'ieCKHM peifeHH'eM, B03- MO)KHO BbIABJI5ITb H KOMH?HCHpOBaTb CHCTeMaTI[qeCKYlO riorpem- HOCTb pCmaIOHJHX 3JIeMeJTOia II TeM CBMblM HOBbIIHaTb TOXIHOCTb pe- IIIe]IHST 3a,7alIH. 7114TEPATYPA 1. H. E. K o 6 p H H C K H H. MaTeMaTHL]eCKHe MamHnbl nenpepblBHOro AeA /TBHH, FI-ITTJI, 1954. 2. F. K O P H H T. K o p H, 3aeKTpOHHbie MoAenHpYIOIUHe yCTpO ICTBa, IM, 1955. 3. Tpynbl Bcecolo3HOro coBeutaHHa nO TeopHH aBTOMaTH9ecKoro perynnpo- I,IHHII, T. 111, H3A. AH CCCP, 1955. 4. M. M. T e T e Jl b 6 a y M, MouenH (f1H3H4eCKHX CHCTCM, KOHcneKT JIeK 11u1H, 14311. M3II, 1955. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PA3PABOTKA H HCIIbITAHHE METOJLHKH ABTOMATH9ECKOFO OB'bEKTHBHOFO KOHTPOJI51 1HHPHHbI JIHHHH HA 3KPAHE 3JIEKTPOHHO-JIYgEBbIX TPYBOK Kaud. mexu. uayK, doi4cwn 10. 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OHa onpequiReTCH ,rJIHTeJIbHOCTb1O HMny,'IbCa 'c H nep1OAOM nOBTOpeHHSI HMnyJIbCOB Tu: T 60 u nNn ' rje N -'-iHC.no 3epxaJl Ha BpaLHafOLueMCH 6apa6axe. TaKHM o6pa3oM, (12) Tu 60.27cnR 2ER Tu Nn f;O,ndi~4 NInd~~4 - (13) DTa BeJHIT4HHa cyn eCTBeHHa TIJISI 0UeHKH Tpe6oBaHHSI K Kay aHOj(HbIM TOKOM H HanpSDKe,HHeM HHTaHHH HpH pa3HbIX aHOAHbIX HaHpSI?Ke- HHHX H HOCTOHHHOI1 HpKOCTH JIHHHH Ha 3KpaHe Tpy6KH. 143 BCeX 3THX yCJIOBHII 6bIJ10 Bb16OaHO o6wee HarlpH?KCHHe HHTaHHSI paBHbIM 1 250 8. Ha pHC. 5 npHBe,Pe Hb1 aHOAHble XapaKTepHCTHKII (T)RY-17 HpH pa3JIHtIHbIX CBeTOBbIX HOTOKBX Ha (JOTOKaTO,I. CBCTOBaH XapaKTepHCTHIKa B 3THX npei e_iax JIHHe1IHa, 4TO BH)IHO H3 KpHBbIX pHC. 6. CTpeJIKOIi OTMe'-IeHa 06JIaCTb CBeTOBbIX HOTOKOB, I 117 'J --1 14 201 loo n M)0 1100 1200 1300 140J 6 - 1000 1100 1200 1300 6 PNC. 3. PHA:. 4. B KOTOfOI1 OTKJIOHeHHe XapaKTepHCTHKII OT TIHHefHOCTH He npeBbl- HIaeT 3%. BeJia,IHiia R? Bb16HpaeTCa, TBK ?Ke KaK H aJIH 3JIeKTpOHHbIX JIaMH, nOCTpoeHHeM Ilarpy30T1HOf npaMOII. AHO,ZHOe Haupa}KeHHe U? C03Ji.aeTCa 3a cgeT HaueHHH Hanpa- >KBHHa Ha COTIpOTHBJIeHHr1 RI (pHC. 2). B JI,aHHOrl cxeie U,,=4,00 8, tt? =2 Matt; RI=2,8 Mom; R=750 KOM; Uo=U+ U?=1 650 8. IIpH npOXOx{1eHHH KOpOTKHX HMHVJIbCOB T3epe3 (p OTOyMHOx{HTeJIb nOTeHIIHaJI nOCJIe1IHHX KacKaJIOB yMHO)KHTeJIH BCJIeJICTBHe MaJIOH co6CTBe.HHOIi eMKOCTH nOCJIeJIHIIX KaCKaaGB He OCTaeTCa [IOCTOHH- HbIM, a HCnbITbIBaeT pe3KHe CKa4Koo6pa3Hbie H3MeHeHHH (TOK Tiepe3 279 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IICJIHTeJlb He yCHe'BaeT HOHOJIIIHTb 3apH., yHOCIIMbIM C KaCK3Jja BTO- PHHIIbIMH 3JIeKTpoHaMIi). Bo H36e?KaHHe BTOIO HocaeAHHe CCKLjHH AeJIIITeJIH HaHPH%eHHH LHyHTHPyIOTCH KaeTC2 ona ,iepe3 COnpOTHBJIeHHe RI+RI'? (DOpMa HanpH}KeHHSI Ha Bbixoae nHK- AeTeKTOpa noKa3al-ta Ha pHe. 11. IIYHKTHpOM BOKa3aH HMnyJIbC BXOJIHOrO HaHD5DKeHIITI. q)OpMa BbIXOZHOrO Hanp5T}KeHHSi nOKa3aHa CnJIOIHHOII JIHHHeRI. EMKOCTb C1 H COnpOTHBJIeHHH R1 H RI' paccriH- IbIBaK)TCTI IPCXO,2H 113 aOrIYCTHMOrO Cnaja Hanp51}KeHHH AU, KOTO- pblM OnpeaeJITIIOTCSI nyJlbCaUHH BbIXOgHOrO Hanp5ixmiHST. 3aJJaBaHCb HallpH}KeHHeM nyJlbCauni AU MHOrO McHbIHHM, LieM H3MeueHHe aM- ne1HTy,rbI BXOAHbIX HMnyJIbCOB, HMeeM: t, URx" Uex - DU, ti = (RI +RI)C1. ConpoTHBJIeHHe. R1' CJIy}KHT AJIH JeJieHH5I BbIXCJjHOFO Hann5DKe- 111tH H H3 3T11X COO6paxceHHTi Bb16HpaeTC51. B AaHHOH Ha cpHr. 10 cxeMe C1=0,1 Amp; R1=14 Mom, Aiml 6X6C. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 6. L enb CxeMa ueHH HHTerpHpOBaHHH ()aKTH'IeCKH SIBJIHOTCH (j 1JIbTpOM HH3KHX gacT'o'r JLJI5T BbI;ZeJIeHHSI HOCTORHHOII COCTaBJrslloruei, nporiop- uHo1IaJlbH0il 0. 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'aim nOJiynpoBogxlueM nJIeHKH (HanpHMep, npH a - 102 1 IOAt ? Ac) B CJIy'ae BOJIH THna TE COOTHOIHeHHe d < ~ CnpaBefJIHBO BBJIOTb jj0 3HaTIeHHIt g nopSIAKa 3. CJlytiai3 COrJiaCOBaHHOH HJIeHKH, npHBJlexaBinHu paHee OCHOBHOe BHnMaHHe, MO}KeT 6blTb JIerKO paCCMOTpeH, ec iu HOJIO)KHTb B (17) g = 1. TorAa AJ151 BCeX THn0B BOJIH yCJIOBHe corJIaCOBaHHSH nJIeHKH HMeeT BHji: (adz)coznacos I' dcoznacos- az (19) B '-IaCTHOCTH, AJni BOJIH THna TE TOJIHI,HHa corJiacoBaHHOIi HJIeHKH onpe,aeJIHeTCR ypaBHeHHeM co?Aaco8TE (20) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 TaKO!=i xie pe3yJlb1'aT MO}KeT 6bITb JIerKO nwwlygeH H3 HenOCpeJj- CTBeHHOrO paCCMOTpeHHH naJjaiouJeli H nOrJIOHJaeMoc MOHJHOCTe14 Ha eJLHHHLjy noBepxnocTH nJIeHKH. Y4aCTOK BOJIHOBo4a, HaXOJJALLLHi CA 3a fJIeHKON, He aOJI}KeH HO- rJIOLLjaTb BbICOKOIIaCTOTH01i 3HeprHH. DTOMy MO}KHO yJjOBJ1eTBOpHTIh npH KOJOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH ygaCTKa BOJIHOBOJja 3a nJ1eHK0ii, a TaK}KO col-JIaCHO ypaBHeHHIO (12) npH paBeHCTBe HyJIIO Har1pHxtieHHOCTH HO- nepe9Horo MarunTHOTO HOJIH Ha 3aJ[Heli IOBCpXHOCTH nJIeHKH, HO- CKOAbK P0111 2 EnaenKUHcnpaea npN Eranexxu CJICJjoBaTeJ1bHO, nJIeHKa JjOJDKiia 6bITb pacnoJ1o)T eHa B y3JIe CTOH9eii BOJIHbI MarHHT- HOrO HOJIH, T. e. Ha a paCCTOAHHH -4 q OT KOpOTK03aMbIKaK)CLjerO nOpLHHH. JTOT BbIBOJ CJIeJjyeT 11 H3 KOHIjenUHH BXOJIHOrO CoIIpO- THBJIeHH51 yYaCTKa BOJIHOBOJja, pacnOJlO}KeHHOTO 3a nJ1eHKOif. CorJIaCOBaHHaH BOJIHOBOJLHaB Harpy3Ka, o6pa3oBaHHa5i norJlo- HjaIou ex n.HeHKOII H KOpOTK03aMb1KaI0I1J11M fopwHeM, o6JIaJjaeT He- JOCTaTogHOfi J1,Haria3OHHOCTbIO H 6oJibmOrO npaKTH ieCKOro IIHTe- peca B HaCTOALLjee Bpel\IA He npeJLCTaBJIHeT. PaCCMOTpeHHe corJla- COBaHHOii nJIeHKH HMeeT cxopee HpHHIjHnHaJIbnoe 3HageHHe, TaK KaK n03BOJIReT YHCHHTb KOHKpeTHblc lJH3HYeCKHI3 CMbICJI XapaKTe- pHCTHgeCKOro COnpOTHBJIeHHH BOJIHOBOJja z= ( E-) , KOTOpOC H nonepegK BBOJIHTCH o6b19H0 TOJIbKO Ha OCHOBaHHn allajiorHH Me}KJ[y ypaBHe- HHHMH HOJIA H gJIHHHbIX JIHHHIi. I oJIygeHHbie COOTHOnIeHHH HOKa3bIBalOT, LITO XapaKTepHCTIIge- CKOe COnPOTHBJIeHHe YHCJIeHHO paBHO COnpOTHBJIeHHK) e4HHHH,bI nO- BepXHOCTH (113MepeHHOMy Ha HOCTOHHHOM TOKe) TOHKOM nJIeHKH, o6ecnegHBafoweFI corjlacoBaHHe BOJIHOBOJja. BennHqHHa XapaKTepH- CTHTIeCKOTO COHPOTIIBJIeHHH BOJIHOBoJja npOH3BOJIbHOrO CeLIeHHA (H JIIo6oii JIHHHH) npHHUHnHaJIbHO noJjlaeTCA HenOCpeLlcTBeHHOMy H3MepeHHIO - 06CTO5ITeJIbCTBO, Ha KOTopoe, HaCKOJIbKO H3BeCTHO aBTOpy, He 06pauJaJIocb JjOJI}KHOrO BHHMaHHA. 5. IlpaKTH9eCKoe OCylljeCTBJIeHHe HJIeHKH PeaJIH3aIJHr TOHKON nJIeHKH, o6ecnegHBaK)Luef Tpe6yeMyio Be- JIHqHHy 9KBHBaJleHTHOI1 aKTHBHOII HPOBOJjHMOCTH g, HaTaJIKHBaeTC51 Ha HeKOTOpble npeHATCTBHA. B CJIyilae McTaJIJIH4eCKOjJ IIJIeHKH TOJIIIJHHa ee OKa3blBaeTCr BeCbMa Majloli (d (nepeBOA c anrJI. noA peg. P. N. ffepeu), KCOBeTCKoe paAHo>>, 1950. 2. M. B. JI e 6 e A e B, CBepxBblcoxovaCTOTHble ra3opa3pHAHb!e npH6opu. C6opHHK CTaTeH > 1103 pe.a. F. A. TclryHOBa, I'oc3HeproH3AaT, 1956. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OCE(HJIJIOCKOHH4EGKHH HHJI,HKATOP K BOJIHOMEPY Cmydexm V Kypca If. H. {1eau8iUK0e-MapuHcKu4 1. BBeAeiue 143MepeHHe AJIHHbi BOJIHbI B CaHTHMeTpOBOM AHana3oHe BO1IH npOH3BOAHTCH C HOMOLLIb10 pe30HaHCHbIX BOJIHOMepOB C nep-eCTpaH- BaeMbIMH nOJIbIMH pe3oHaTOpaMH. 1],JISI HHJ111KaIjHH pe3oHaHca HC- IIOJIb3ylOTCH pa3JIHIIHble CHCTeMbI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pe?KHMa PeHe- paruHH (HMnyJIbCHbIYi HJIH HenpepbIBHbIK) H MOI1 HOCTH reH?epxpye- ioro cr rHaJra. B pe?KHMe Heupepb&BHOH renepau11H HHAHxauHH peaoaaxca Mo- }I{eT npOH3BOAHTbC$ HO CTpeJIOLIHOMy npH6opy (raJIbBaHoMeTpy). BbHIpHIMJIeHHOe Han.poKed-IHe, CHHMaeMOe C HOJlynpoBOILHHKOBOro JjeTeKTOpa BOJIHOMepa, noAaeTCSI 111160 HenOCpeACTBeHHO Ha npH6op PHC. I. CHOC06b1 HHjHKauHH 11tH H3MepeHHH j[JIHHbI BOJI- Hb! B HenpepblBHOM pexKHTenbHblM (pHc. 14). AHaJIHTH4eCKH BXOAHoe Hanp,H)KeHHe, aeACTByioLuee Ha KOHTyp, MO3KH'O 3a- nHcaTb B cne1ylolljeM Blue: uax(t)=U,(-I.-kt), (1) HJIH B oneparopaod 4)opMe Uez (P) k = Uo ~- 1 p Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 rie U()-Ha9aJlbHbla CKa40K HanpB}KeHHH Ha KOHType; k= 8 - yrnoBO:i K031).()HHUGHT, Onpe,ZeJIB o-ilH i CKOpJCTb HapacratfiH Ha- npi}KeHHH. 3annuieM Hanpa eHHe Ha BeHTHJe B onepaTOpuOa (lOpMe B BHAe: k F UB(P) ~p 1\;(`p+1)W0 UB(p) pI + 2ap-f-w o HO H306pa}KeHnrO U, ,(p) HeTpye'jHO IIOJIy4HTb Bblpa KeuHN jina HanpA}KeHHH Ha BeHTHJIe 11, (t). O.gHaKO npH TOM noJlyOaeTCB CJIHIHKOM rpoM031(KOe Bblpa3KeHHe, nO3TOMy ^piMea HeKOTOpble ynpoiua)oujne 1 oriyme.Insl. TaK KaK BeJIH1HHa jjo)aBoioor0 COnporHBJIeuna r B uenH KOHaeHCaTopa HeBeJIHKa, TO MO}KHO npHHHTb: F3 TaKOM cJlygae ue (t) _ (kc -- 1) [ I - e-at cos Wot) - W(,ce -at s in (,),,t + k + kt + e -at sin Wot. d IIHTbIBaR, OTO a TaK}Ke, 4To HOJI y'1HM: 2r wo. = To ti H To - 0, kti = (Y ^ 0, u,, (t) =kt--1 e at cos coot k a O o + sin Wot~ . (6) 0 1.2J10 CKOpOCTb napaCTaHnsi Ha[IpR}Keimi MaJla n0 cpaBHeHHTO C CO6CTBeHHOi1 T ooacTOTOii KOHTypa H I} = 4 4t ae (t) _ - I + e -at cos Wpt. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 EcnM npeHe6pe9b 3aTyxaHHeM cBo60AHbIX Kone6aHnH KoHTypa, CocTo n ero 113 HachlolalotueroCH apocceJ1 H KOHAeHcaTOpa, TO H3 (7) MO?KHO OnpeAeJHTb npenenbl C06CTBeHHOH 4aCTOTbI Kone6aHHH (00 9TOr0 KoHTypa. LIacTOTa CO6CTBeHHbIX Kone6aHHH KoHTypa aon}KHa ne KaTb B npe1enaX oT wo= u'a Ao o0=2 Wu r-lam -,, -4aCTOTa ImBepTOpa. TaKHM o6pa3OM, npH 113MeHeH41 9aCTOTw HHBepTopa Heo6XOAHMO H3MeH5]Tb H CO6CTBeHHyIO 4aCTOTy WO= V Lc KaK y?Ke VKa3bIBaJIOCb, BenH4HHa HHAYKTHBHOCTII HacbIIualouleroca ApOc CenB npHHATa nOCTOAHHOH AJIA YnpOnleHHA pac'ieTa B aeACTB4TeJIbHOCTH aKe oHa H3MeHfleTCA B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nonollceHHH pa6o4eii TO9KH Ha KpHBOH Ha- IUarHHgHBaHHB. f aTomy ,c06CTBeH'Hall 4aCTOTa KoHTypa Mo?KeT 6bITb onpeAeae- Ha JiHnlb npu6nH}KeHHO Kpoie TOrO, npH H3MeHeHHH HaianbHorO nOAMarHn4H- HaHHA nojo?KeHHe HaganbHOH To4KH 2 (pHc. 6,a) 113MeHfleTC54, B CB513H C 9THM H3MeHfleTCA TaKaKe j(/ ul3 It Cpe1HBH HHAyKTHBHOCTb Hacblulaloul.erOcfl apocceJlH, TaK KaK H3MeHfleTC51 4aCTn4HbIH n,HKJI 11epeMarHH4HBaHH5i, KOTOpblH onpeAenfleT HHAyK- TIIBHOCTb Apoccena. 143MeHeHHe nOCTOBHHOrO noAMarHH4HBaHHa ITO3BOnfleT B HeKOTOpbIX npeaenax H3MeH5lTb co6CTBeHHylo 4aCTOTY KoHTypa, 4eM MO]KHO HoCnOnb3OBaTbC5] npH 9KCnepHMeHTanbHOH n0A- rOHKe 4aCTOTbI CO6CTBCHHbIX Kone6aHHH KoHTypa I-Io K Tpe6yeMOH BeJIH4HHe. Pe?KHM pa60Tbi npeo6pa3oBaTena 4aCTOTb1, npe1Ha3HateHHOrO AJ15 nHTaHHA aCHHXpOHHbIX ;!BHraTeneH, XapaKTepH3yeTC51 TeM, 4To HanpA- ,KeHHe Ha Bb1xoLe 6nH3K0 K CHHyCOHaanb- HOMy- B 9TOM cny'4ae Ba?KHO o6ecne4HTb yCTOH1HBylo pa60Ty HHBepTOpa npH TOJI4KaX Harpy3KH. UJIR pac4eTa TaKHX pe?KHMOB yao6Hee nOnb3oBaTbCA Bblpa- ?KeHHeM (6), npeo6pa3oBaHHbIM K BHAy: N + 2 ue (t) = kt - 1 - e-at 2 sin (.,t + T), 9) r.Ze tg = k Ito (9) Ha pHC. 15 nocTpoeiia B Ka iecTBe npHMepa KPHBaH HanpBxceHHA Ifa BeHTHne (KpnBaH 1) HPH H3MeHeHHH HanpH)KeHHH Ha KoMMyTHpylollleM KOH- AeHcaTope COOTBeTCTBeHIHO KpHBOH 2. I33 nOCTpoeHHA BHAHO, 4TO BpeMA Ha BOCCTaHOBneHHe ynpaBJlBlOlUHX ('BOHCTB CCTKH yBeJIH1HBaeTCB 6naroaap5i H3MeHeHHIO ())OpMbI KpHBoi Hanpflxce- HH51 Ha BeHTHne. BeJIHgHHY THrIOBOH MOL UHOCTH HaCblulalOHleroca ApOCCCJIA B yCTaHOBKaX AJIA nOBbIIIICHuB npe.aeJIbHOH 4aCTOTbI MO?KHO HpHHBTb paBHo1 Anfl gByxq)a3HOl'O IIHBepTopa: Pap = 0,2Pd, (10) r:e Pd--- MOH[HOCTb B 3BeHe n01TOHHHOrO TOKa HHBepTOpa. B yCTaHOBKax, rje flacblulalowuIoca Apoccenb HCHOnb3yeTC5i Anfl nOBbIHIeHl4B VCTOH411BOCTH HHBepTOpa HpOTHB CpbIBOB HHBepTHp0BaHHH, BenH4HHa Ha4anb- iloro CKa4Ka o6paTHOrO Hanp5oKeHHA 6yueT Meiibue. rI09TOMy THHOBaB M'oHl- HOCTb Ka?Kaoro 113 11poccenec 6yaeT TaK?Ke McHbine. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 4JIH Tpex(3a3HOro oHBepTOpa o6n aB THnoBaB MOIUHOCTb Bcex apocceJICH 6y,aeT He 60JIbule BeJIH9nHbI, JuaBaeMokl cf opiyaioH (10). IZpH6JIH}KeHHaH OIjeHKa yCTaHOBJIeHHOH M01UHOCTH HaCbinjaK)HjHxcB Apoc- ce.iei nOKa3blBaeT, 470 yCTaHOBJIeHHaB MOnjHOCTb aoftBOLIHOM O6Opy,:~OBaHIIB He CJIHLHKOM CMJIbHO y.gopoM{aeT yCTaHOBKy. JIIITEPATYPA 1953. 1.10 F. T 0 A C T O B, KOIITaKTHble npeO6pa3OBaTeJIH, M3Jj. AH CCCP, . 2 M. M. A K O A H c, PcryJIHpoBaHHe CKOpOCTH H3paCTBHHH o6paT11oro HanpBxceHHH B H,enax c HOHHbIMH BeHTHJIBMH, , 1952, NN 10. 3. r. M. III e B v e H K 0, Pe}KHMbI pa60TbI HOH'HOro n'peo6pa3oBaTejiB tfa- CTOTbI, TpyJjbl M3II, BbIU. XIII, 1953. 4. B. A. C o K 0 JI 0 B, AHnJIOMHbIH npoeKT, M314, 1955. 5 C. F. 0 6 y x 0 B, t7 . HnnOMHbIg npoeKT, 1956. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 PACIIPEREJIEHHE TOKA HO H!OBEPXHOCTH HAKAJIEHHOI'O OKCULLHOFO KATO.LLA B HOHHbIX 11PHBOPAX Kana. mexn. nays, B. A. Co6ones 1. BBeAeHHe Harpy3Or-IHaSI CROCO6HOCTb 11 1WJIrOBe~IHOCTb HOHHbIX npn6opoa C HaKaJIe'HHbIM KaTOAOM - ra30TPOHOB H THpaT'pOHOB OHPeJteJISIIOTCSI B nepByio o iepejjb KageCT'BOM npHMeHHeMOro B HHX KaTOJja H npa- BHJIbHbIM BbI'60pOM pex:HMa ero pa60TbI. B HaCTO5lHjee BpeMSI B ra30TPOHaX H THpaTPOHBX HCHOJIb3YeT'CH B fO. aBJI51IOHjeM 60JIbInHHCTBe cjlyYaeB OKCHJjHbI11 KBTOJj npHMOrO JIH KOCBeHHOrO HarpeBa B CB93H c pHJjOM npeHMyIIjec B OKCH,1110rO KaToaa no CpaBHeHHIO C KaTOJjaMH IpyFHX BIIJIOB. IIpH pacileTe H KOHCTpyHpOBaLIHH KaTOJjOB ra3OTpOHOB H THpa- TpOHOB B HaCT'OSIHjee BpeMH HCXOJ[5IT H3 caejjyloHjero. CgHTaIOT, 'ITO B HOHHbIX npH6opaX BCJieAcTBHE KOMneHCal(HII OTpHIjaTeaIbHOPO 06'beM1HOFO 3ap5I ja 3,IIeKTpOHO'B HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIMIf HOHaMH, o6pa3yIOHjHMHCSI B nJIa3Me pa3p1Jja, CpeJ[H5IH nJIOTHOCTb TOKa npiMepHO O1U1HaKOBa Ha BCei nOBePXHOCTH KaTOAa, KaK 6b1 HH 6bIJIa CJIO}KHa KOH(f HrypaUMH 3T01'I nOBepXHOCTH. B CBR31P C TaKHM npeAcTaBJIeHHeM KOH#rypaUHR KaTOJja Bb16HpaeTCH TOJIbKO H3 YCJIO- BHI3 fOJIy'IeHHH MaKCHMaJIbHOfi 3K0HOMHIIHOCTH KaTo.T a, paBHOM.ep- HOH TeMHepaTVDbI ero IIOBePXHOCTH H nPOCTOTbI KOHCTPYKTHBHOPO BbInOJIHeHHH. JIJHpOKOe paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJIyLIHJIH KaTOJZbI B (pOp- Me IIHJIHHJ[POB C BHYTPCHHHMH npOJIOJIbHbIMH pe6paMH (THpaTpoH TP1-40/15), IUHJ1HHaPOB C HaPY)K'HbIMH HPOJ[OJIbHbIMH H nonepeu- HbIMH pe6paMH (THpaTpoH TPI-2,5/2) H T. H. DTHMH )Ke coo6pa)KeHHHMH, a TBK}Ke coo6pa}KeHHHMH BPeMeHH pa3orpeBa KaTOJja H npeampaHeHH51 CeTKH OT HanbIJIeHH51 Ha Hee 6apH,H c KaToj a pyKOBOJjCTByIOTC5T npH Bb160pe reoMeTpHH, KOJIHLIe- CTBa H pa3MepoB TerIJIOBbIx 3KpaHOB KaTOJ[a. 9MHTHpylowaH nOBepXHOCTb KaToaa paCCLIHTbIBaeTC51 1PH 3TOM nyTeM aeaeHH51 3aJjaHHor0 aHOAHOrO TOKa HPH60pa Ha IHeKOTOPY1O nppeJjeJlbHO 10r[YCTIIMYIO HJIOTHOCTb TOKa Ha KaToue. BeJiHLIHHa no- c.neTAHeH YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH 3aBOAaMH nyTeM aHaJIH3a pe3yJIbTaTOB HCnbITaHHSI KaTOJIOB pa3JIHLIHbIX npH6op0B Ha CPOK cJIyMK6b1. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HpH 3TOM o6pau aeT Ha Celia BHHMaH1Pe tipe3BbltiallHO CHJIbHb1H pa36pOc 1aHHbIX 0 CpOKe CJIy)K6bl KaTOJ OB pa3HO13 ()OPMbI H pa3- MepOB npH pa6OTe Hx c paBHbIMH Cpe1HHMH HJIOTHOCT51MH TOKa. 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IlepBble 1Ba McT01a HM?eIOT TO UOCTOHHCTBO, LITO He Tp'e6yIOT CV- IIIeCTBeHHbIX alapynleii i-I KOHCTPYKUHH KaTOJja H BceFO KaToxioO o y3JIa, IT, TaKHM o6pa3OM, OHeHb y1o6HbI 1JI5I 06CJIe,oBaHlla np0- MbIIlIJIeHI-IbIX TIINOB ra30TPOHOB H THpaTpO'HOB. OJjHaKO, KaK nOKa- 3bIBaIOT TeOpeTH'eCK'He coo6paxc,eHHH H HPOBe;JjeHHa' HpH BbIHOJI- 314 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 11CaHII HacTOSIuieH pa60TbI 3~KC'nepiiMeHTaJIbHa5i HpOBepia npliMeHH- MCCTH 3THX McTOJjO'B, o6a OHH H03BOJIHIOT HOJIytIHTb T`)JII KO npH61111- :KeHHoe npeACTaBJIeHS3e 0 XapaKTepe pacnpeJJeJIeHHSI TOKa no no- Be7Xi-IOCT14 xaTOJIa. McT01 CeKIIHOHHPOBaHHOrO KaToJJ,a 06JIaaae.T TeM JJOCTOHHCTBOM, LITO OH aaeT HenoepeACTBeHHble, HaH6oaiee aOCTOBepHble aal?Hble o racnpe.eJIeIHHH TOKa no KaTOAy. 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KaTOJj 6bIJI OKpyxKeH ABYM51 TeIJ1OBbIMH 3KpaHaMH. 3315 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BHyTpeHHHl3 3KpaH HMea CaMOCpOiTeJIbHbIN BbiBOJj, TITO n03BOJI$JTO, BKJIIOIIaH 3KpaH B KaggeCTBe aHOJja, OIJeHHBaTb 3MHCCHOHHble Kazie- CTBa CeKu4II KaTOJ'Ia. KaK H B JlaMnax nepBOro THna, 3J[eCb I4MeJIHCb ,!IBa RHCKOBbIX axua, pacrionwKeHHbIX CHMMe'TPHNIHO OTHOCHTeJIbIIO KaToJja. TJ7laMnb, 3TOPO THna OTJIHgaJIHCb J[pyr OT Ji.pyra BeJIHtIHIIOii 3a3opa Me}KJjy KaTOAOM H BHYTpeHHHM 3KpaHOM. BbIJIH H3rOTOBJIe- HbI JIaMnbI C 3a3opoM 6, 8, 10 H 20 AiM. Bee JSaM'IbI 6bIJIH 3arioa- HeHbI apPOHO'M AO .L aBJLeHHH p = 0,4 d2.ibt pT. CT. 9KOHepHMeHTbI npOBOJHJIHCb IIa cxeMe, npe!,jCTaBJIeHHOM Ha pnc. 2. CxeMa n03BOJIHJIa HPOH3BOjHTb HCnbITaHHe B 0, HOM H3 JLBYX pe>KHMOB: PHc. 2. 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UJi5 OuHJIJIorpalpHpoBaHHn TO- KOB CeKUI KaTOJja HCnOJIb3yIOTC5I IIIyHTbI aMnepMeTpOB HJIH Cne- 316 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1(HaJIbHble, BKJIIOtIaeMble noCJIeJLOBaTeJIbHO C aMnepMeTpaMH KaJIH- 6poBaHHbie conpOTHBJIeHHH. '6) Pe3yizbTaTbl 3/CCnepuMettTOe. 1ZepBbte 3KCnepHMe'HTbI, geJIb KO- TOpbIX COCTOFIJIa B npOBepKe npaBHJIbHOCTH npeAnOJIo}KeH,HSI O He- paBHOMepHOM paonpeaeJleHnH TOKa no KaToay, 6bIJIH npoBeJ[eHbl Ha npM6opax, HMBBIIIHX gHJIHuApHtleOKllli OeKUHOHHpO'BaHHbIFI KaTOJ1 AHaMeTpoM 12 MM C BHyTpeHHefi pa6otleFI noBepXHOCTblO. 1'13Mepe- HHSI npOBOAHJIHCb npH nOCTOSIHHOM TOKe 750 Ma, qTO COOTBeTCTByeT cpe,aHei IIJIOTHOCTH TOKa Ha KaToAe 100 Ata/CAM2, np,HHHMaeMoti o6bTtl- HO 3a HOpMaJlbHyIO npH KOHCTpyHpOBBHHH ra3OTpOHOB H THpa- TpOHOB. 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ECJIH jM - nJIOTHOCTb TOKa y 6JIH)KHer0 K aHOAy KpaSI KaTOA~I; jX - nJIOTHOCTb TOKa Ha paCCTOHHHH X OT Kpa5 KaToaa H d - AHa- McTp KaToJja, TO jX=j (1) DopMyJIa cnpaBeAJIH'Ba npH x < d, TaK KaK y iaCTKH KaTOAa, pacnoJlo)KeHHbie Ha paCCTOAHHH x>d, npaKTHgeIHTb B 3TOM C.nytlae TOJIbKO 3a CtieT yBeJlH4eHHl COnpOTHBJIeHHR OKCHJja. Hpn 60JIb1IHX allOAHbIX TOKaX yMeHbIHeHHe TeMnepaTypbI KaTO- Aa MOy KeT IIpIHBecTH K nepexor y HaH60JIee 3arpy}KeHHbIX TOKOM ytla- CTKOB KaTOAa B pe)KHM HacbHI eHHH. B 3TOM CJiytIae ,a0JI?KHO Ha6JHo- AaTbCH pe3Koe nepepacnpeAeJleHHe TOKa Me}KAy OTAeJIbHbIMH ytlacT- KaMH KaTOAa npH H3MeHeHHH HaKaJla. 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ITpiH Henoane,- 328 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CTBeHHOM BK.IIOLIeHHH nH'TBHHe M,O)KeT 6blTb BOJjaHO TI'epe3 aKTHB IOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe H.JIH ApOCCe.nb. CoripOTHBJIeHHe CXe.MbI AJISI BXOAHO- ro Hanp5l}KeHH I (U8X) McHHeT'CH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ynpaBJISuonjero HanpslxceHHH (U4,,p). B,naroaapx HIyHTHpyionjeMy 7jefICTBHio R, (,L7p,) BeJIuquHa COHpOTHBJIeHHB H npeAeJlbi ero H3MexeHHH cy}Ka- IOTCH. flpH BKJHOgeHHH yripa'.BJISIeMOro cO[I OTHBJIeHHSI 4epe3 TpaHC- (popMaTOp (TaKoe BKJII94eHHe H03BOJISIeT pa3B5I3aTb noCTOSIHHbie nO - TeHIjHaJIbI) Heo6XOJjlMo O6eCneT4HTb IOCTaTOgHo 6oJIbniyIO BeJ1uTIH- By HHAyKTHBHOCTH TpaHCq)OpMaTopa. EcJIU ynpaBJInionjee HanpSI?Ke- HHe M0)K T H3MeIH2Tb 3HaK, TO Heo6xo)l iIMo npeJjycMOTpeTb cMenje- HHe B ero Ijenll. ECTeCTBeHHO, 9TO ynpaBJisieMoe conpoTHBJIeHHe 6y- AeT JIHHeIIHbIM TOJIbKO JjJISI jjO- CTaTOTIHO MaJIbIX BeJIHrIHH BXOJj- P11c. T. Henocpc1.crBeIIHOe BKJII04eHHC PHC. 5. BKal04eHHe ynpaBJlaeMoro y llpaB:IB Mblx COnpOTHBJIeHHFi no cxe- C0np0THBJIeHHH no cxeMe c 06IIjHM Me C O61UIIM 3MHTep0M. OCHOBaHHeM 4epe3 TpaHC(popMaTOp. Horo HanpH}KeHHSI. TaK }Ke KaK 11 B JIaMFIOBbIX cxeMiax, npH npHMelie- HHH HOJIynpOBO,1HHKOBbIX TpuO,ZOB B Ka'YeCTBe vnpaBJlSIeMbIX Coripo- THBJleHHii He0'6x0AUM0 B Ka}KAOM KO'HKpeTHOM CJIyx4ae onpege.i5Tb Be.'IH'-IHH'y ConpOTHB.ne'HUSI in 3aKOH ero H3MeHeH - a. Bo Bcex Tpex npll- BeAeHHbIX exeMax RC-reHepaTOpOB BMeCT'O COHpOTHBJIeHUI-f, 0603Ha- 4eHHbIX HHJjeKCOM R, 6bIJIH npHMeHeHbl vnpaBJISIeMble aKTHBHb1e co- npOTHBJIeHHA Ha KpHCTaJIJLH4CCKHx TpHOJjax. B nepBOM reHepaTOpe (pHC. 1) TIpHMeHSIJIHCb 3KCnepHMeHTaJIb- Hbie TOTie'lHble TpHOAbi Tuna 86A no cxeMe c o6HjHM OCHOna- HIPeM; B reHepaTope, HOKa3aHHOM Ha pHc. 2, - IIJIOCKOCTHO1i TpHOJ THna F12 no cxeMe c 06HjuM 3MHTepoM; B reHepaTOpe, BOKa3aHHOM Ha pH0. 3, - TOT-Ie4Hble TPHOJjbI Tuna 86A C BKJTIOT-IeHHeM Llepe3 TpaHc4opMaTOp. BO BCeX Tpex cxeMax nOA6OpOM TPHOJIOB H HIyHTH- pylOlljHX COnpOTHBJIeHH1 MO}KHO 6bIJIo riOJIy'I'IITb Heo6XO,uHMylO L1a- CTOTy BbIXOAH'oro Hanp5i}KeHHSI reHepaTOpa H yKa3aHHbIi3 BbIlue ,glu'a- na30H nepeKpblTMR T-laCTOTbl. Pa60Ta reHepaTopOB npH 3TOM HHTieM He OTJIHT1aJiaCb OT pa,60TbI HX C HpOCTbIMH aKTHBHbIMH COnpOTHB.T1C IIHSIMI3. 1. 3. O. C a a K o B, TeopHH H pac4eT 1136HpaTeabHblx RC-CHCTeM, Foe- 3HeproH3AaT, 1954. 3. A. 9. (1) ea 0 T 0 B, KpHCTaJIJIH4ecKHe TpHOAbl, roc3HeproH3J[aT, 1955,. 334. 2. R. F. S he a, Principles of transistor circuits, New York, 1953. 4. P. G. 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BO BTOpOIT TIaCTII pa60TbI HCCJIeayeTCH CHCTeMa aBTOMaTHtIeCKO- r0 peryJHlpOBaHHH TCMHepaT'ypbl HP05IB14TCJIH C H30ApOMHbIM pery- JISHTOpOM, 06ecne1IHBaIOILjaH BbICOKYIO CTeirleiib CTa6HJI113aUUHH TCM- HepaTVpHOPO pe)crIMa O6pa6OTKH IjBCTIIOii I IIIIOHJIeHKH. :jM Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1. ABYXnO3HIAHOHHoe aBTOMaTHYeCKoe pery.lHpOBaHHe TeMnepaTyphl HpOSIBHTeJ1n Ha pHc. 1 J[aua ripHHuHHHaJIbii an cxeMa aBTOMaTI14eCKOrO p-rv- JlHpoBaHHn TeMHepaTypbt nponBIITeJIH. nefCTBHe CXeMbI COCTOIIT B cale,1yIo1i eM: ripH oTKJIOHeHIIH TCM- HepaTVpbI BPOHBHTeJIn OT 3aJjaHH5], B 3aBHC11MOCTIi OT 3HaKa OTKlO- I[eHHn, B TerIJI006MeH'HHK, HO Tpy6KaM KOTOpOrO uHpKyJIHpyeT Hpo- 5IBHTe.Ib, no,jaeTCn no lorpe'TaH Hill XOJioJjHan BO:la, KOTOpaH HpHBO,jHT TeMHepaTypv HPOHBHTeJIH K 3a,aaHHolf. 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IIpT IBYXH03HuHOHHOM peryJlupOBaHHH Ha BbIXOJje o6-beKTa. pe- rV'JIHpOBaH,Hn B03-HHKHyT FIe3aTVSaIOIuHe aBT0KOJLe6aHH9 C aMrIJIIITY- .ofl 'I, II LIaCTOTOII (0. B HaCTOnluel pa60Te HCCJ1e,:IyeTC5T BJIHHHHe OT,jeJIbHbIX rJaKT'O- pOB na BeJIHtmHy aMHJII1TyJjbi aBTOKOJIe6aHHFI Al H 4IaCTOTY Iu, a TaK- ACe OHpeJIeJInioTCn OHTHMaJIbHble yC1OBHH pa60TbI gByxHo3HuHOHHo- ro peryJlaTOpa. BpeMeHHaH xapaKTepHCTHKa KHIIOTeXHOJIOrHT-IeCKOPO o6,bcKTa peryJIHpOBaHIIn, KaK HpaBIIJI.o, HMeeT 6ojIbHIHe BpeMena 3aHa3JlblBa- HH2 11 HoCTOAHHble BpeMeHII. 4aCTOTHan xapaKTepHCTHKa TaKOro 331 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Puc. 2. CMedHTearbHO-peryJnHpyLOH(Hii 6JroK. I - KpaH ;(P-18O; 2- HCHOJIHHTe.7bHblR MexaHII3M HM-2/120; 3- CMeCHTeJIb; 4- 9;;eKTpoMar- IIIITIIbII'1 KAanaH; 5 - TepMocurHaJIH3aTOp; 6- Teu.1oo6MeHHHK. o6-beKTa pervJIHpoBaHwl aTIa,1IorIr4Ha 4acTOTH01'I XapacrepHCTHIie (J111TbTpa HH3KHX 4aCTOT. 3TO o6CTOHTeJIbCTBo HO3BOJIHeT BCCbMa yCHeHIHO HpH,'1eH1JTb;1J151 [ICC 1ejOBa!Ip1 1ByXr103HUHO11HOR CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH9ecKoro pery- SZ IV3 PH-'. 3a. CTpyKTypHaH cxema cH- CTeMbI peryJIHpoBaHHH. JI.,9.-JHHeflHas vacTb CHCTeMbI perynnpo- BaHHH; /1.9.-Hea HHeflHaH 'IaCTb CHCTeMbI peryaHpoBaHHH. AHpOBaHH5T HpH6JTH)KeIIHbII! MeTO,q pacgeTa [JI. 1]. McToJ.1 rapMOHH4ecKoro 6aJIaHca, Hc- ^OJlb3yeMblIt B HaCTo iuJ,e%i pa- v2 1I 4 I I PHc. 36. XapaKTepHCTHKa HeJxHHeiIlOro 3.neMeHTa AByXF03HUHOHHOro peryJIHTOpa C HOJIO?KHTeJIbHOH 30H06 He9yBCTBHTe:Ib- HO.;TH. X1 - TeMneparypa npoHnrTeJlsr; x2 - TeMnepaTypa Ten.1onocHTeJIH; B, - TeMnepaTypa nonorpeT011 BoAbI; B2 - TeMnepaTypa xoaoii.no Boabi; 2a- 111npHHa neT.9H perynHTOpa. 60Te, 6a3l3pyeTCH Ha H3BeCTHOI3 aMHJI1TyAHO-(pa3oB013 xapaKTepn- CTHKe JIHHeflHOII 4aCTH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH4eckoro peryJIIlpOBaHTIH N Ko344IuneHTe ycHJIeHHH HeJIHHeiIHoro 9JIeMeHTTa N. 332 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 McTOJIHKa 9KCnepHMeHTaJlbxoro onpeJ eJIeHffiH aMnJIIITyAHO-(ca- 30BON xapaKTepHCTHKH O6'beKTOB peryJIHpOBaHHx c McJIieHHO npOTe- KaI0I1II3MII npOUecCaMH JjOCTaTOgHO IIOJTHO OCBen eHa B JlnTepaType (JI. 2]. TIOJIb3yfiCb 9TON McTOJIHKON, 6bIJIa CHSITa aMHJIHTyJIHO-(ba3oBa 1 xapaKTepuCTHKa o6T~eKTa peryJTHpoBaHHH, KOTOpax npHTieJIella Ha puc. 4. w-004 a[u' l yw J I P 0,01 Pnc. 4. OnpeJ(eneHHe aMfIJIITyjbl H gacTOTbI aBTOKone6aHI0 TeMnepaTypb[ rio McTO,gy rapMOHHVecKoro 6anaHca npu ,j Byxno3HgnOHHO.M pery.nHpoeaHHH. Aa:i onpeaeJIeuwi 0rHOCHTeJIbHOH aMnJI4Ty1IbI i /al Ti 'IaCTO- TbI G) aB'TOKOJIe6a'HHIi n'pll yCJIOBIIH, HTO JIo.IISI InepHOJIa a,BTOKOJIe6a- HHii, B TeileHHe KOTOPOrO TeMnepaTypa TenJIOHOCHTeJISI paBHa TeM- nepaType noJ orpeTOH BOJtbl, paBHa 'C3=0,5, HOCTynaK)T cJle.ryloluwM o6pa30M: npOBOa2T np5Myio, napaJlJleJIbnylo BeLueCTBeHHOIi ocH cIi- CTeMbl KOOpm HaT aMI1.,7HTy]IHO-(pa3oBOH xapaKTepHCTnKH Ha pac- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 7t CTOHHHH OT Ilee, paB!IOM TOOKa nepeceHeHii 3TOr3 HpHM011 C aMUJIHTyAHO-(ga30B011 XapaKTepHCTIIKOH onpe,geJiAeT LIacTOTy IBT0- Ko.ie6anHfi. 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KpHBa5I peryJiIpoBaHHH AJIH 3TOrO cityHaH npliBe,ena Ha pnc. 5. 1-1OJIb3yHCb BbImeH3JIO?KCHHOII MCTOAHKO, 6bIJIH paCCLIHTaHbi n HO- CTpoeLlbl KpHBble aMrIJIHTyljbl aBTOKOJIe6aHHH H LIaCTOTbI B (pyHKUHI1 K03(X!JHLHeHTa ycu.1I'eHH51 iIe~7HIHCHHOr0 3aeMeHTa (pHc. 6). AHaJIi13 3THX KPHBbIX nOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO B JIyLIIneM caly'-iae, T. e. npH xopomeci CTa6H.nH3aH,HH TCMnepaTypbl TeHJIOH'OCHTeJIeII II jaBJIe'HHH B Tpy6o-- npoBOAaX cncTeMbi perymHp0BaHH2, M0)KHO no.ny'aHTb npH N= 170 aMH.nHTy?iy aBToxo.ne6aHHU ?0,2? C. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KpHBa5 aMHJHTyJIb! A=/(N) nocrpoeHa ruiH B1 - B2 = 11 ? C; LaKHM 06pa30M HepeMeHHO1I BeaHy'HH03I HBJIHJIaCb HIUHpHHa HeT.an xapaxTepllcTHK;1 p'TyJIHTOpa 2a, KoropaH JIaH N= 170 paBHa 0,1?C. YMeIIbLHeFu4e BeJIHgHHbI BI -- B2 xoTH 6bI JIo 8,5? C JUaCT cHH- ?KeHHe aMHJPHrlyjlbl aBTOKoJIe6aHHRt JIO BEaH4'HHbI A1= ?0,12,5? C Ii 3Ha4HTeJIbHOe yMexbiueHHe tlaCTOTb1 aBToKOJIe6aHa11: c 0,25 J[o 0,12 Alum-I, YMeFblueHHe TaKIIM CnOCO6OM aMHaHTyjbl aBToKO7 6aHHFI Heue- ae000'6pa3H'0, Tax KaK npu6aNxceHHe B1 I< B2 Hpe T3='0,5 HOTpe60 (0 02 x 1 A~ X15 0 1 , ~ I I 1 p-Oneimma momma &w w I 0 I N 50 100 150 Z00 PHc. 6. KpHBble AByxrO3HIIHOHHoro perynHpoBaHHH. BaJIO 6bI C03JIaHHH , ByX HCTOqHHKCB Teniia Co CTa6HJIH3HIpoBaHHOIi TeMneparypo13, TO B peaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHHX BeCbMa 3aTpyaHHTeJIbHO. KpoMe Toro, neplOJL KOJIe6aHIIH TeMHepaTypbl HaCTOJIbKO yBeJIHgIH-, BaeTCH, tITO B03HHKaeT onaCHocTb 6o.IIbHIOPO Bb16poca TeMHepaTypbl OT cJlytlaflHbIX Bo3Aei cTBaI , C KOTOpbIMH CHcreMa peryJlHpoaaHHB He 6yJJeT B COCTOHHHIHi CHpaBHTbCH 133-3a nOTepH ee 6bICTpoJIeFiCT- BHx. 1IpH OTCYTCTBHH cneuHaJIbHOFI CTa6HJIH3aLIHH TeHJIOHOCHTeJIH (,aaBJieHHH H TeMHepaTypbI) aMHJIHTyJ1bI KOJIe6aHH13 TeMHepaTypbl HpOHBHTCaH MoryT 31HaT4HTe.A7bHO n'peBbIuHaTb 3HatieHHH, yKa3aHHble Ha pnc. 6. 2. ABTOMaTH9eCKOe peryaHpOBaHHe TeMHepaTypbl HpOABHTeasi C H3O,I pOMHbIM peryJlsTOpOM BbICOKaH TO`-IHOCTb peryJllpOBaHHH TeMHepaTypbl HpOHBHTeJIH B npouecce o6pa6oTKH UBeTHOR KHHOHJIeHKH J OCTIiraeTCH Hp,HMeHe- HHeM BMCCTO JIBYXr103HIIHOHHoro pCFYJIHTOpa H30,L pOMHOrO, cOt1e- TaIou ero B ce6e nponopuHOHaJIbHbIII H aCTaTlItleCKri peFYJIHTOpbi_ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ilpli 3TOM BCe OCTaJIblible 3BexbH, BXOJIHIH,He B CHCTeMy perynNpo- BaHHH, OCTaJOTCH 6e3 H3MeHeHH51. IHICHOnb3yeTC5T H30ApOMHbIR perVJIBTOp THna HP-130, II3rOTOBJIC- HHB L]eHTpanbH011 Jla6opaTOpHH aBTOMaTHKH MHUHCTepTBa nepHoil McTaJIJIyprHli CCCP. Peryn51TOp HMeeT ABa napaMeTpa HacTpOHKH: KCTeneHb HepaBH?OMepHOCTH> H KBpeMH yAB'OeHH51>>. 1'13MeHH3I OTHO- CHTeJIbHOC BJIHHHHe Ka)KAOIt KOMHOHeHTbI B B03JjelicrBHH peryJlHTO- pa B iueJOM ma p'ery.'IHpyioiuee VCTpOi CTBO, M'o>KHO ao6HTbCH 3Ke- 1aeM0li n0 yC10BHAM TexHOJIOrHH HaCTpOIIKH peryJHSiTOpa Ha npo- uecc. H3BeCTeII B J11ITepaType 1J1. 3-51 paA McTOJoB pac eTa Ilapa- McTpoB perynxTopa. 1-1eKOTOpb1e aBTOpbI HCXOAAT N3 ycpeAHe;iHblx AaHHbIX npouecca perynHpOBaHHSI, apyrHe - H3 MaKCHMaJIbHOrO Bbl6era perynapyeMoro napaMeTpa H TpeTbH - H3 yCJIOBH51 HaHUIyLI- HIerO 3aTyxaHHfl nepexOAHOro npouecca B 3aMkHyT011 CIICTeMe aBTO- MaTMecKOrO peryJiHpOBaHHSI. fIpe,aaaraeMaB HH)Ke npoCTa i McTOAHKa pactieTa napaMeTpoB perynslTOpa 6a3HpyeTC51 Ha 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHO CHATOII BpeMeHH6fi xapaKTepIICTnKe 06-beKTa peryJHpo'BaHNH H Ha CepHH paCLIeTHbIX BpeMeHHblx xapaKTep,ncTHK 3aMKHyTOI3 CHCTeMbI perynlNpOBaHHB. KpH:Bble pacCTI'HTa'HbI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e,2HHHIjax AJISI pa3IIbix riapaMeTpoB ipery.ri ropa H o6'bexra p'erynHpoBaHHH. OnpeAe.neime o rITHManbHbIX napaMeTpOB peryn.9TOpa np03BOJjHTC5I Ha oCHOBaHHH paCCMurpeHHH no1HOR KaPTHHb1 nepexOaHoro npouecca B 3aMKHyTON CHCTeMe peryJHpOB?1HHH rip" e)jH'HHUHOM B03MynjeHHH Ha BXOAe CHCTeMbi. 1_IOBCHHM cIDOCo6 no'CTp0eHHd1 BpeMeHHbIX xapaKTepHCTHiK H ;yIe- T0JI14Ky nOJIb3OBaHH5I HMH. 1'13BeCTHO, TO MHOroeMKOCTHbIft o6-beKT perynHpoBaHHH B pac eTax 6e3 601bmOFI 011116KH MO)KeT 6bITb 3a- McHeH OAHOeMKOCTHbIM 06'beK'rOM C 3ana3AbIBaIHeM. B 3TOM cnyqae OnepaTOp,HbIH K03c1xj HuHeHT yCHJIeHHSI o6'beKTa perynxpoBaHHl 6y.geT: - kle-cp JI 1+pT ~1) rje k1 - KO3tJ4)uuHeHT yctmeHHH; T - nOCTOHHHaB BpeMeHH; T - BpeMH 3ana3,IjbIBaHHH; p - onepaTOp. EC1H npene6pezib 3ana3AbIBaHHeM perynwTOpa H HCHOJIHHT'enb- Horo YCTpolICTBa n0 CpaBHeHHIO C 3ana3AbIBaHHeM H HOCTOBHHbIMH BpeMeHH o6-beKTa peryJTHpOBaHHH, a TaK}Ke He yxrHrrbIBaTb 30Hy He- * 'ieprori cBepxy o6o3HaqeHo nannaccoso H3o6pa>KeRHe cpyHK- xi (p) = XI (t)? Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 'IYBCTBHTPJIbHOCTH H IIeJIHHei9- HOCTH peryJIHTopa, onepaTOp- HbII1 KO3c4HIjHeHT ycHJIeHHA peryJlslTOpa 3anHUIeTCH B BHJje: k, J~ - k., -}- p (2) rae k, - K034)(~HUHeHT ycHJle- HHA npOnOpgHOHaJIb- HOH KOMnOHeHTbI pe- ryJIHTOpa; k3 - KO3(p(j3HILHeHTbI yCI1- k,lp = 10). ECJIH BBeCTH O603HageHIIe k =Bblpa}KeHHe Jz k2(1 + (3) KO3(1l(1HuueHT I paBeH CKOPOCTH nepeCTaHOBKH peryaHTopa (o6paT- HaA BeawmHa BpeMeHH yJ[BoeHHA). OnepaTOpHaI (1)yHKIJHH Ha BbIXO je 10 15 10 a) Z/c 5 20 2S 30 PHb. 8. KpHBbie H3o,gpOMHOro peryaHpoBaHH53. 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BaXHHH HaKJIaAbIBaeT 06bIIIHOe yCJIOBHe pe30IIaHca, C'BOJ[5HIeCCSI K TOMy, LITO BJ[OJIb CHCTeMbI Me}KJIy TOLIKa- MH KOpOTKOI'O 3aMbIKaHHSI yKJIaJIbIBaeTCR uejioe HHCJIO HOJIyBOJIH. rIOJie B CHCTeMe C RB!H!}KYMJJMHC51 TOIIKaMH KOPOTKOPO 3aMbIKaHH51 Hpl 3TOM OKa3blBaeTCA OTJIHLIHbIM OT o6bIIiHON CTOUIIel BOJIHbI. KaK yT3ep?KJ[aeT B. M. Bax'3HII, B HOJjo6HOM CJIy1 ae J1,Be BOJIHbI, 6eryIIthe no CIICTeMe. B HPOTHBOHOJIO}KHbIX HaHpaBJICHHAX, , BH}KyT- CSI O'THOCHTeJIbHO KOOpAHHaTHOIi cncTeMbI x CO CKOPOCTSIMH (c+v) H (c - v). 0,RHOro 3TOFO BbIBOJIa JIOCTaTOIIHO, LITO6bI HOKa3a'I'b lIcCocTOA- TCJIbHOCTb HpoBeJjeHHbIX paCCy}KJI,eHHII B CJIyIIae paciipocTpaneini i 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIX BOJIH. BOHpoc, paccmaTPHBaeMbI~ B. M. BaXHHHbIM, JjaJIeKO He HOB. rIpeo6pa3OBaHHe THHa (1), ncnOJIb3OBaHHOe B CTaTbe, H3BCCTHO I B. M. B a X H H H, 06 0,111 H pa3HOBHjlHOCTH CTOWIHX BOJIH (?jBHg{y- m.Heca Bo.IHb[`), Tpyltbi M311, Been. XXI (PagnoTexHnica), 1956, crp. 54-57. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KaK npeo6pa3oaaHUe FaJrHJIeH H He MO%eT 6bITb IlpiuIMe ieHO npH peIHeHHH 9J1eKTpOJ[HHaMHTIeCKHX 3aaati B jBB>KyIIjHXC9 cpeAax. BMe- C!~TO Hero AOJI}KHO 6bITb HcnoJlb3oBaHO npeo6pa3oBaHne .'peHH,1- ~ fiHHITeRrra, HMelOIIlee BR-q: X, vt x- - -, (2) a2 ~~-cz rje c - cKOpoCTb CBeTa B BaKyyMe. TeopeMa CJIO>KCHHB CKOpOCTel4 C ytle'roM npeo6pa3OBaHHH JIopeHHa HMeeT BHj: (3) r, e v - oTHOCHTeJlbnasl CKOpocTb ABYX CFCTCM, jBH}KyW1;HXCfl Co CKOpOCTHMH v1 H V2 HO OTHOI1IeHH10 K HefOABH}KHOMy Ha- o'JIioJjaTejuo. HeTpyAHO BHAeTb, tiro B CJIytlae pacnpoCTpaHoHHH 3JreKTpoMar- HIITHOFF BOJIHbI B BaKyyMe COOTH3IHeHHe (3) npHBOAHT K H'HBapnaHT- HOCTH CKOpOCTH CBeTa B JIl06oi CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT - noJIo}KeHHe, JIe}Kaiuee B OCHOBe TeopHH OTHOCHTeJlbHOCTH H HammeAIIIee 6econop- Floe HOATBepaKAeJHe B MHOrOtIHCJIeHHbIx 3KC~HepHMeHTax, HatHHaB CO 3HaMeHHTOrO onblTa MaclKeJIbcoHa (1881 r.). Ha uepBbiii B3rJIHA npH c . OAHHM H3 cJIeACTBHf1 3TOr0 6blA0 6bI, HanpHMep, 1ITO (popMa CTOBgHX BOJIII H Co6CTBeHHaH tiaCTOTa BaKyyMHOPO pe30HaTOpa, paC- noJ10}KeHHoro C CeBepa Ha For HJIH C 3anaAa Ha BOCTOK, pa3JIFPtia- JIHCb 6b1 3a CieT >. TaKHM o6pa3OM, BCe BbIBOAbI B. M. BaXHHHa o6 OCO6OM pe}Kii- Me CTOHLIHX BOJIH AJIH CJlyLial, KOrAa pe30Ha1'Op HMeeT BaKyyMHOe HaHOJIHeHHe, FIPOTHBOpegaT He TOJIbKO MaTeMaTHtieCKOII CTOpoFle I MexaengecKHe KoJie6are:IhIIbie cpcTevihi 3,1CCb ite pacemaTpasarorcH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 TCOpHII OT'H00HTeJIbHOCTH, HO li BCBMH H3BeCTHbIM B IIaCToBulee Bpe- MSI 3KCHepHMeIITBJIbHbIM 4aHHbIM. CJIe'JjyeT HMeTb B BH-,y, 'ITO peJIHTHBHCTCKHe COOTHOHleHHSI Heo6- XO,2HMO ytHTbIBaTb H B CJIytae 3aHOJIHeHHSI HpOCTpaHCTBa )jH3JIeK- TpHKOM. KemH5i TjH3JieKTpHKa H B HpOT1160H0JI0}KHOM HaHpaBJieFIHH, m KaK CJIeJjCTBHe H3MeHCHIIe ;HH- Tep(IJepeHgi,io !HOii KapTHHbI JjaBHO 143BeCIHbI H' He Tp,e6yIOT IIOBOPO o6Cy}K,geIII1H. HHKaKHX HBJ!CHI!H, CTaBHII[HX HO, CO:MIIeIIBC CHpaBCJjJHBOCIb TeOpHH OTHOCHTCJIb}IOCTH, B HaCFOHI1jee BpCMSI He o61mpy)1 eim. Ha- HpoTHB, PpOMaaHbIii 3KCHePHMeHTHJIbHbIH MBrepHaJi, HCHpepbIBHO HOJTytaeMblll B CBMbIX pa3HOO6pa3HbIX o6JZaCTHx eCTeCTB03}IaHMH H TeXHHKir', JIaeT BCe HOBbIC HOJjTBep}KJjeI T15J CHpaBe ,TIHBOCTH OCHOB TeopHH OTHOCHTCJIbHOCTP. B03BpaUIteHlie K KOIIUGHIIHH JIHIIIeHO KaKHX 6bI TO 1111 61,1,10 OCHoBaHHi1. PCJiu }KC OTBJIeTIbCt OT BbII BHHyTOFO B. M. BaXHHIIbIM OHIH60Ll- Horo o60CHOBaH1454 pa3JlHtil'H B CKOPOCTHX BOJIH, paCHpoCTpaH5II0- I1iHXCH HO JIHHIIII B HpOTHBOHOJIO.)-KHbIX HaHpaBJIeHHHX, H paCCMaTpH- BaTb H-eKOTOpyIO JIHHHI0 C. HOJj06HOF1 , To xapaKTep CTOHTIHX BOJIH, eCTeCTBeHHO, H3MCHSIeTCH. HO CyIIICCTBy CTOSTTIaF Boll- Ha B O6bhIHOM BOHHMaHIIH npi 3TOM I clie3aeT. OJI,HaKO 3TOT Bh!BO)t HaCTOJIbKO 3JIeMCHTapeli, TITO, HO-BHJjHMOMy, OH He Mor 5IkJIHTbC51 geJlblo pacCMarpHBaeMoi CTaTbH. Bblpa>Kalo 6,naroJjapHOCTb Hpocie copy, AOKTOpV (jIl3HKo-MaIe- MaTHtleaKHx HayK B. A. (Da6pHKaHTy 3a Ho;jpo(5Hoe o6cy)K;jemie collep)KaHHF HacTOAH[eflI 3aMeTKH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O IIPNBOPE AJIA ANHAMHgECKHX HMIIYJIbCHbIX HCIIbITAHHH IIPHEMHO-YCHJIHTEJIbHbIX JIAM^ Acnupanin B. H. 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HeT 3aBHCI1- MOCTb tI - OT Cpeiwero ypOBHSI To ?I Z `Pz CIITHaJIOB; TOJIbKO npH BNX I EcJr ?KC noaaBarb, HaIIpHMep, H3Mep 1eMOe HanpuKeHHe np1Mo Ha OT- KJIOHAK)Ill,He UJIaCTHHbI 3JIeKTpOHHO-JlyteBo3 Tpy6KH ocuUJIJiorpaI)a, TO HeJIb3H Ha6Juo/ aTb KaK Ma/lble, TaK H 6oJIbIIIne CHrHaJibl. 2 CM., NanpHMep, [.TI. 1] H [J1. 2]. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 JIHHeIIHbIMH HCKa}KeHHAMHI. TaK KaK 9TH JlaMnbl nMeIOT He6OJIbmOIi CTaTHTieCKHIi KO34J4JH- uHeHT ycHJIeHHH ? (nopiAKa 10-20), TO OCHOBHaH Mepa CHHDKeHHH Kyp - Bb16op COHPOTIIBJIeHHBI Rx 6OJIbLHOu BeJIngHHbI. B npaKTHTieCKHX cxe- MaX BMeCTO 60JIbLUOrO Rx c ie- JjyeT BKJIfOTiaTb gOnOJIHHTeJIbHyiO JlaMny- neHTOJj (JIyTIeBOIt TeTpOJj). 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HON Ca eMKOCTeII, a TaKoKe eMKOCTH C1. AHa [13 CXeMbl 11OKa3blBaer, HTO npH BbIHOJIHeHHH yCJIOBHB (11) CHTHaJi y1 (t) HHBepTHpyercH C HaHMeHb[IIHMII JIHHeRHbIMH FICKaace- HHHMH, npH9eMl Ko.,(t)=-(1-e 10-c (12) AJIx Bb1IIOJIHeHHH (11) npHHXOAHTCH B npaKTH4ecKHx cxeMax yseJlH- +IHBaTb Be?IHqHHy eMKOCTH C1, 4TO HpHBOJWT K He}KeJIaTeJIbHOMy yMeHbllleHH1O BXOJI,HOTO COHpOTHBJIeHHR CXCMbI (13) Zex=Z1.+ z.,+Z ZOcMZc(IM +Kp) ZI I+ pR1C1' ZO I + P ROC, p , Kp 1 + PR C (p - onepaTOp). a a I;OCTOHHHaHI BpeMeHH T _ c B (12) Onpe,4eJMeTCH Bblpa}KeHHeM _ RCM ZCM +pR C cM ex (14) TaKHM o6pa3oM, AIR o6ecneleHI1H Ma.ioN BeJIHYHHbI T... cJlejiyeT npHMeHHTb Jl3Mnbl C B03MO)KHO McHbIIIeli eMKOCTbIO CBx H 6OJIbnION KpyT113HON S*; 3T11 Tpe60BaHHR HpOTHBOpelIHBbI. 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Ca 2C,, p + Cex Cex clip + K Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 lipid HCHOJIb3OBaHHH cxeMbl pHC. 5 AJ1fl CYMMHPOBaHHA CHrHa.110B Y2(t) H- p1(t) I[eo6xo,Ijn io HoIKJ1iogHTb K CeTKe JIaMnbl ewe OAHy BeTBb R2-CI (uOKa3aHo nyHKTHpOM), 'Iepe3 KOTOPYIO nojaeTCA BTO- pOII H3 CyMMIIpyeMb[X CIIFHaJIOB. Ko3( j)HuueHT YCHJIeHHA KU CyMMa- Topa B o6weM cnyTIae MOA{eT 6bITb OTJIHLIHbIM OT e4HHllubl. K CyNl- MaTOpy npe4'bBBJIflIOTCI NleHee }KeCTKHe Tpe60BaHH2 B OTHOIIeHIIH MaKCIlMaJlbHO gOrYCTIIMOFO BXO)jHoro CHrHajla, TaK KaK HanpmiKCHHe, HOCTynaK)ruee Ha CeTKY J;aMnb1, y}Ke nponOPuHOHaJ1bHO Pa3HOCT11 ?2(t) - y1(1). B OCTaJIbHOM AJIA CYMM3Topa 6yfyT CnpaBeIJIHBbl OT- MetleHHble Bblllie coo6pa}KeHHA, UCJIH up i pac'-Ielax npHHHMaTb 130 BHHMaHHe BJIHHHHe AOHOJIHHTeJIbHOH BeTBH R,-C" (R2C2= RICI). 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IIpH BbICOKHX TeMnepaTypax ycTofIIIH'BOCTb B nJIaM^HI' TepH- eTCST H HHTHO pa3plAa 6o iee HHTeHCHBHO nepeMeIjaeTCH KaK ro BdI('KTpO,ay, TaK H HO CTeKJIy, IIOABJIHeTCSI HCKpeWie, LITO TaK)KC o6"b!TCHBeTCSI 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHbIM BbIAeJIeHHeM H3 CTeKJIa napoi3 IIjeJTo'gHbIX McTa.TIJIO'B, KoTOpble yxce onpeAeiuuiiOT Hai16ojIee TierKHil limb TOKa OT BJIeKTPOAa K 'CTeKJIy. BJIH?HHe LIaCTOTbI Ha BCpXpeKTHBHOCTb BJIeKTpopa3orpeBa CTCK.TFa C TaggKI1 3peHHH 3JIeKTpHTIe'CKHX CBONCTB ero pa3o6Pauo Bbl-JIe. 1'13- 36 I Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 DICHCIIIie TiaCTOTbI B onpe;ieJIeHHOII creneHH BJHIICT Ha 3a)KH'raHHe ii ropeni[e p:a3pHJ a. H. A. KanuoB [JI. 13] npHBOUHr 3aBH0HMOCrh> OTHOIHCI?IIH rP060IIH0r0 HanpH}KeHHSI Ha BbIC0KOI-i Tia(T,)Te K np0- 60IIi!OMy H2IIp5I}KeHHJ0 Ha HOCTOSIHHOM TOKe OT TI2CTOrbI. KplBKeHHH cTeKaoM yKa3aHHOli BbIH1c TeMnepaTypbl 3( (~eii- THBHOCTb 3JIeKTpOHarpeBa OT tIaCTOTbI TOKa (B AHana3OHe MIaCTOT npOMbIHIJIeHHbIX BbICOKO1iaCTOTHbIX relepaTOpaB) npaKTHIIeCKH lie: 3aBHCHT. HagaJIbHoe HanpmKeHlHe 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CJieJIyeT yCTaHaBJIHBaTb HCXOJIH 143 yCJIOBHSI CO3)aHH51 B CTeKOe HanpslxceHHOCTH inoaH He Me- Hee 400-500 e/cM. 9JIeKTpOJIbI AJISI 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CTeKOa CJIeayeT BbI~nOJIHSITb 113. }Kapoupot1HbIX MaTepHaJIOB C aOrOJIHHTeJIbHbIM OTBOA'OM TenJla. CyMeCTBeHHOl3 pa3HHIIbI B HCHOJIb3OBaHHH fJIaMeHHbIX if 6eCnJIa:- McHHbIX 3JIeKTpOJIOB HeT. )JJISI BbICOKOrO Ka4e1CTBa CBapKH HIeO6XOJjHM TnjaTeJlbHblii npe,Z- BapHTeJIbHbIi-I pa3orpeB KpaeB CBaPHBaCMLIX AeTaJlei'I C HanMeHb- IHHM nelpenaAoM TeM'nepaTypbI no TOJIIIIHHe CTeKOa. BpeMH 3JIeK- TpOHarpeBa JIerKO KOHTpOJIHpyeTCSI. HOBTOp5IeMOCTb pe}KHMOB JIerKG VCTaHaBJIHBaeTCi, MTO OTKpbIBaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb pa3pa6OTKH aBTO- M3THtIeCKOrO CBapotIHoro cTaHKa. HpOBeAeHbI Jla6opaTOpHble HCnbITaHrIH, KOTOpble n03BOJIHJIH BbI- SICHHTb Tpe60BaHHH K yCTaHOBKe no 3JIeKTpOCBapKe CTeKOa H noJly- tlHTb y1IOBJieTBO'pHTeJlbHble pe3yJIbTaTbl OHbITHOR CBapKH KOHyCOB 366 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 C 3KpaHaMH 3JIeKTponHO-Jny4eBbIx Tpy60K (J IameTpbl 3KpaHOB 120 H 178 MM) H3 crex.na 3C-5K. Ha pHc. 4 nplBeAexa ipororpa4Jntr 3JIeIKTpOCBapKH KOHyea c 3KpaHOM. 11po6bl CBaPKI3 AeTajIeii H3 CTeK- JTa peuenroa C-88-13 H 713 TaK)Ke Aajiu nojlo)KHTeJIh,Mbie pe3yJlbTa- TbI. FIOJIHyIO 3KOHOMH ieCKYIO xapaKTepHCTHKy 3JIeKTpOCBapKH CTeK- JI3 MIO}KHO 'OyJteT ZIaTb TOJIbKO nOC.IC OCBOCIIHH 3TOr0 McTOj I npOH3BoJ CTBOM. 1. E. M. G LI v e r, Electronic welding of glass, Electronics, 1945, Ns h. 2. E. Al. (; u y e r, Electric welding of glass, Electr. Eng., 1948, No 5. 3. Al. R. S h o w, Electric glass welding, Electr. Eng., 1953, No 1. 4. W. E s p e, 0 elektrickem odporovem svsi eni skla ve vakuove technice, Slaboproudy obzor, 1955, Ns 2. 5. K. M o r t o n, S. Y o u n g, Welding glass parts, Class Industry, 19.55. Ns (2. 6. C. H. III o p H H, Tenjtonepeaa~la, I-ocy)iapcTBeHnoe II3 taTe.abcTBO JIHTe- parypbl no CTpoHTeJibCTBy H apxHTeKType, 1952. 7. aTexiio iormi cTeK ian, n0A pea. KHTa3IropoacKoro, T. 1, I-H3JlernpoM1,. 1939. 8. a BblcoKo'aCTOTHbli HarpeB RH3.'IeI TpIIKOB H nOJIynpOBOAHHKOB", nO.L pe;i. A. B. HeTyIHHJIa, FD-H, 1950. 9. TeFIJIOTeXHHlia npOH3BOACTBa cTeKJla", TpyAbi Ali YCCP, 1954. 10. 5. JI o H r, (PH3H IecKHe cBORCTBa H BapKa CTeK.IIa, T113aernpoM, 193 . 11. H. 10. T a N u, TeXHOJiorHA HarpeBa CTaJIH, McTaJIJIypFH3AaT, 1950. 12. A. B. H e T y m H Aa, ROKTOPCKaB AlicceprauHH, M314, 1952. 13. H. A. K a n It 0 B, 3.ieKTpOHHKa, FHTTJI, 1953. COAEPIKAHHE K. M. IIOJIHBaHOB, HanpB}KeIHe, s.IeKTpo4BH xyLuaH cHJia H pa3HOCTb no- TeHuHaJIOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 T. A. Taryp, Meroabl pacveTa ycTaHOBHBmerocH pe}KHMa B JIHHeHHOa 3JIeKTpHtleCKOo uenH npH HeCHHycoHAaJlbHOM nepHOAH9ecKOM BXOA- HOM Hanpa}KeHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 r. B. 3eBeKe, 3KBHBaJIeHTHble CXeMbI aBTOTpaHCOOpMaTOpa . . . . 34 P. H. KapaeB, 06o6uieHHbie KOOpAHHaTbl TOKOB H HanpH}KeHHGI tJIHHHbIX JIHHHH 3JIeKTpmecKHx CHCTeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 H. A. HOHKHH, 0 pac'-ieTe uene5 C B3aHMHON HHjiyKTHBHOCTbIO H C nHep- uHOHHbIMH HeJIHHeOHbIMH ajieMeHTaMu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 H. M. BypAaK, A. A. MyXBH, A. B. HeTymHJ-. MoAe?IHpOBaHHe u pacver 9JIeKTpooCMOTH1ecxoro BOAOnoHHDKeHMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C. B. CTpaxou, YpaBHeHHB nepeXOAHbIX npoueccoB B CTaTHVecKHx 3JIe- McHTBX CeTH, 07'HeceHHble K BpanialoLuedca CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT . 88 10. M. WaMaeB, H. F. KaTKOB, OCHOBbi pacveTa aHH3OTpOHHbIX CTeHOK H AHa 9JIeKTpOJIHTIFIeCKOa BaHHbI C yBeJIH4eHHb1MH 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIMII pa3MepaMH . . . . . . . . . . . 105 C. H. AHApeeB, B. E. Borojuo60B, B. A. AATJIOB, K yoieTy peaabnblx CBOHCTB MarepHaJioB B MarHiITHOM TCnJIHTeJIe PaMe5 . . . . . . . 118 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 U. 8. 3auueJ(b, r. H. WapoXHH, Pa3JjeJIbnoe u3MepeHIie HegIeTHbIX H 9eTHbIX rapMOHBK He CHHyCOnJjaJlbHbIX KPBBbIX . . . . . . . . 127 B. B. KoreH-.I(aJIHH, CHCTeMbI y,:JIOBHO fOJ10}KHTCJIbHb1X HanpaBJleHHS H BeKTOpH.,le gHarpaMMb1 9JIeKTpH 1e CKHX MaIIIHH . . . . . . . . . . 133 B. R. )KyXOBHII,KHN, OCO6eHHOCTH reHepaTOpoB A H9JIeKTPHgeCKOrO Ha- r peBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 A. C. XeHg, AHaJIH3 KOJIbuueBoii cxeMbl B 4acTOTHo-cpa3OBOcr cH,:TeMe Te- JieynpaBJieHI1H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 B. B. HHgeijKHN, 4HCJICHHbIS pwiei 3JICKTpH IeoKoro n0.4H IjHJIHHAPH4e- CKHX 3JICKTpOJjOB KOHe4HON AJIHHbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 B. M. OpaaKHH, 3JIeKTpojHHaMH'Ie.KHe npoueccbl B () eppoMal'HHTHOM TeJie, XapaKTep 13yeMoM npBMoyroJIbHO3 neTJIe3 rHCTepe3H.:a . . 179 B. 4. JIaCT04KHH, HCCJIeAOBaHHe yCJIOBHS B036yH{JjeHHB cy6rapMOHH9e- CKHX icoJle6aHHia B KoJIe6aTeJIbHOM KOHTy Pe c He.IHHe3HOR HHAyK- TIIBIIOCTbK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 B. H. KyAHH, AHaJIH3 norpe HHOCTeS H McTOA o6pa60TKH pe3yJlbTaTOB 3KCnepHMeHTa npH H3MepeHHH KOMrlJIeKCHON gH3JIeKTPH,ieCKOA npo- HHuaeMOCTH C HOMOHjb10 KyMeTpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 B. H. Kynv-'HOB, 3(1(keKT (Dapaaen B napac)HHO-(4eppHTOBbIX CMeCaX (BJIHHBHe pa3MeJlbaeHHH MaTepHajia Ha BHyTpeHHHe IIOJIH (PeppHTOB) 232 P. H. KyApBsgeBa, BhICTpoae5CTBVIO11jH5 MarHBTHbI5 yCHJIHTeJIb . . . . 243 BJIEKTPOHHKA H HPHBOPbI CBEPXBbICOKHX qACTOT H. M. TeTeJlb6ayM, H. H. yeJIHOKOB, 11oBbIIIIeHHe TOYHOCTH penleHHH 3a,I1,a4 Ha 3JIeKTpOHHOk MaTeMaTH9eCKOA Ma1HHHe HenpepbiBHOrO Aeli- CTBHx . . . . . . . . . . 259 10. M. WaMae6, r. 4. JIHCHgbIH, 3. A. McJIbHHKOB, B. M. OB4HHHH- KOB, B. B. CKyrapeB, A. r. THTOB, Pa3pa6OTKa H flCnblTa- HHe McTOAHKH aBTOMaTH'eCKoro 06beKTHBHoro KOHTPOJ1fl IHHpHHbI JIHHH3 Ha 3KpaHe 3JIeKTPOHHO-JIygeB.,IX Tpy50K . . . . . . 267 H. B. JIe6eAea, 0 TOHKOH norjion aionie1 nJIeHKe B BoJIHOBOAe . . . 281 H. B. JIe6eAeB, [IpnmeiteHHe BCnoMOraTenbHOro HMnyimetioro pa3pBAa AJIB noBblIHeHHH KagecTBa 3a11(HTb1 B CBepXBbICOKo'IaCTOTHbIX pa3- PHAHHKaX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 H. H. HBaH4HHOB-MapHHCKHN, OCUHJIJIOCKOnH9eCKH[i HHAHKaTOp K BOJI- Hoaepy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 r. H. WeB4eHKO, C. r. O6yXOB, I1oBblweHne npeJjeJrbHOH 4aCTOTbI H Ha4e KHOCTH HOHHOFO npeo6pa3OBaTeJIH iaCTOTbI C fOMO1gblO Hacbl- ulaK)ur,H xCB ipocceae 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 B. A. Co6OJIeB, PacnpeaeJleHHe ToKa no noBepxHOCTH HaKaJieHHOro OK- CHAHOrO KaTO,ga B HOHeblx npH6opax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 A. A. JIyKHH, YnpaBJlaeMble RC-reHepaTOpbl Ha nOJlynpoBoAH11KOBbIx TPHOAax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 C. A. JleBHTaH, M. B. XaJIaMei3ep, PeryjIapoBaHHe TeanepaTypbl B npO- uecce o6pa6oTKH UBeTHO:1 KHHOnJIeHKH . . . . . . . . 330 H. B. JIe6eAeB, 06 OAHO5 OWH6Ke, CBH3aHHoA C 3JIeKTPOAIHiaMHKoIi ABH- }ICyH(HxCH CHCTeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 B. H. AKCeHOB, 0 npH6ope AJIH j[HHaMHgeCKHX HMnyJIbCHbIX HCnbITaHHH rlpneMHO-ycHJIHTeJIbHblx AaMn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 B. A. 4HNcOB, 9JIeKTpocBaPKa CTeKJIHHHbIX AeTajei . . . . . . . . . . 357 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 r A H A A E M II H H A Y H C C C P TPY) M HHCTIITYTA MIIKPOBHOJIOFIIH CDH3HOnorHfl H sHOxHMHSl MHRPOOPI'AHH3MOB HBJXATEJIbCTBo AKA$EMHH HAYK CCCP Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 A K A R E M I4 R H A Y K C C C P TPYr bI I'IHCTHTYTA MHHPOBHOJIOI'II4 oH3HOJOFHH H BHOxHMHH MHHPOOPFAHH3MOB (chop:iuic pa6om) M311ATEJIbCTBO AKAUEMMM HAYK CCCP Mocicca-1959 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OTBETCTBEIIHbI17I PEJIAKTOP axadeMux B. H. IIIAHOIIIHHKOB Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BBE)JEHHE B nocjiej ine FO,JbI JIOCTHFHYTbl 3HaLIHTe.TIbHb1e yCHCXH B 06JIaCTH TeXHH- LIeCKOK MHKpo6noJiocH11. LIOMHMO JIaBHO H3BCCTHbIX 6pOJIHJIbHbIX npOH3- BOJICTB, MHKpOOpraIIH3MbI HaILIJIH HIHPOKOe npnMelieHHe B PH, 10 HOBbIX OTpacJlel'I HpOMbIHIJIeHHOCTH H ceJIbCKOro X035HfiCTBa. Oin HCHOJIb3yfoTCA ;IJISI no.Iygeinisi aHTH6HOTnKOB, (JJepMeHTOB, BHTaMHHOB, 6'eJIKO'BO-BHTaMHHHbIX KOpMOBbIX npenapaTOB (B TOM IIHCJIe H3 JjpeBCCHbIX rIIJIpOJIH3aTOB), CTHMy- JIBTOPOB pOCTa )KHBOTHbIX H paCTeHFIH H T. a. BnocnHTe3 CUHpTOB, aueTOHa, OpraHHLIeCKHX KHCJIOT, aueTOHHa, aiiaue- THJIa, BHTaMHHOB, aHTH6HOTIIKOB H JgPyFHX BelueCTB TeCHO CB513aH CO CJI0>K- HbIMH XHMHLICCKHMH npeBpalueHIISIMH, BbI3bIBaeMbIMH B cpezle )KH3ile)IC5ITeJIs- HOCTbIO MHKpOOpraHH3MOB. B CBS13H C BTHM oco60 Ba3KHOe 3HalleHHe npH06peTaeT yrnly6JleHHoe H3yLIeHne (!113HOJIOFHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpoopra- HH3MOB JIJISI ynpaBJICHHSl 3THMH npOUCCCaMH. Pa60TbI no uaHHOH npo6JIeIe H COCTaBJISIIOT OCHOBHOC coaep)KallHe HaCTO51HIero c60pHIIKa. BaMHOCTb 9TOro HanpaBJIeHHSI B MHKp06HOJIOFHH nOTIepKHBaJIaCb HeOJIHOKpaTHO. Y we I KOH(pepeHUnsl no (JH3HOJIOrHH H 6noXnnHH 6poambHUIX npOUeCCOB, CO- CTOSIBLHaSICSI 2-5 (peBpanlsi 1939 r., OTMeTHJIa HeO6XOJIHMOCTb BCeCTOpOHHeFO H3yLICHHLI (pH3HOJIOrHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB. LLIHpOKOe npHMeHeHHe MHKpOOpraHH3MOB B HOBbIX o6JIaCT5IX HpOMbIII1- JICHHOCTH 3HagIHTeJIbH0 CTHMyJIHPOBaJIO HayIIHO-IICCJI0)I0BaTeJIbcKyIO pa60Ty, HOCTOSIHHO BbIJJBHra51 nepe,Z HeF BCC IIOBble H HOBble 3aaagH. HaKOnHJICH 6OJ1bwON (paKTHIIeCKMII MaTepnaJi, Hy}KJIaIoHl-NCSI BO BCCCT'OPOHHe'M O6Cy3K- JIeHHH. 9T0 npHBeJIO K OpraHH3awHH II KOH(pepeHLHII (24-27 anpeJisi 1957 r.) 110 (JH3HOJIOFHH H 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB, npIMeHSIeMbIX B npOMbIIH- JIeHHOCTH. LIaCTb MaTepHaJIOB, JIoJio)KeHHbIX Ha 9TO13 KOH(pepeHL(HH, BKJIIOLIe- Ha B HaCTOSI]IjHII C6OpHHK. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (PH3HOJIOrHSI OBMEHA BEIIjECTB MHKPOOPIAHH3MOB - OCHOBA PAUHOHAJIbHOR TEXHOJIO('HH HCIIOJIb30BAHHA HX B IIPOH3BOACTBEHHbIX HPOILECCAX (MocxoBcKH1I rocyAapcTBeHHbft yHHBepcHTeT) 3Ha4eHHe (JH3HOJIOrHH MHKpoopraHH3MOB B name BpeMH OLIeHb BeJIHKO. ,jeIiCTBHTe.IbHo, aa}Ke B pa60Tax no CHCTeMaTHKe MHKpOOpraHH3MOB BBHay Hel.IOCTaTOUHOCTH MOpcJoJIOrH4eCKnX aaHHbIX peKOMeHayeTCSI o6pa- LL[aTbCH K (pH3HOJIOrHH, K(JH3HOJIOPH4eCKOli aKTHBHOCTH> H K J pyr1IM . H. A. KpaCHJIbHHKOB (1949), HanpiMep, HpHXOJHT K BbIBOay, 'ITO KAaJOIUHx pa3BHTHe M'HKpoopraHH3MOB, O)KHJjaTb HeJIb3H. flpoHJIJITOCTpHpyeM 3T0 HOJIO)KCHHe Ha HpHMepe MaCJISIHOKHCJI0ro 6po- ?KeHH5T, B KOTOPOM OTHOHIeHHe Me}KAy O6pa3OBaHHbIMH MaCJI nIol3 H yKCyCHON KHCJIOTaMH no xouy 6pO KeHHSI BCe BpeMH MeH IeTCA. B OAHO'M H3 OonbITOB, 'nO HaIIIHM Aa'HHbIiM, 3TO OTHouienHe HpCJICTaBJIeHO ,CJieJlyiolljHM pNAOM BeJIHLIHH: 11acbi 6po>KeHH51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 15 20 24 42 OTuomehHe Mac.1RHa5i KHCJIOTa (B MoJRx) . . . 0,33 0,64 0,9 1,5 3,0 yKCyCHaB KHCJIOTa 143 np'HBeJjeHHbIX JjaHHbIX CJIeJjyeT, LITO 3a BpCMSI 6po)KeHHH COOTHOHieHae MexcAy MaCJIAHOII H yKCyCHOIt KHCJIOTaMH MCHHCTCH 60JIbHIe LIeM B 9 pa3. flOnyTHO CJIeAYCT yKa3aTb, LITO npaKTHKYeMOe 06bILIHO 11OABeL1 HHe HTO- rOB OnbITOB nOCJIe 3aBepWeHH51 pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl, T. e. LIepe3 IIJIHTeJIbHbIH CpOK, OHpaBJlbIBaJIOCb 6bI TOJIbKO B TOM CJIy'Iae, eCJIH eCTb OCHOBaHHB CLIH- TaTb npoueccbl 06MeHa BeHIeCT'B HeH3MeHHbIMH Ha BCeM nPOTH}KeHHH KyJIb- TypbI. 3TO, K3K yBHJIHM, He COOTBCTCTBYCT (JaKTaM. BJINNHHE KOMBHHA1tHH BELIIECTB B CYBCTPATE HA XAPAKTEP OBMEHA Bonpocy 0 KoM6HHaLH'H BeIueCTB B cy6CTpaTe cJleayeT yue.nslTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe. ST)Ke BBeIt HHe B Cy6CTpaT Mejia AJIq HeI"ITpaJIH3aUHH CpeAbl B CJTyLIae ee nOAKHCJIeHHII B npoueCCe pa3BHTHST KYJIbTypbl Ile 3cerJJa oCTaeTCA TOJIbKO HefTpaJIH3auHeI3. Mo3K'HO HPHBBCTH pHL HpuMepOB, KOrjja yrOJIbHaH KHCJIOTa Calla no ce6e MO}KeT OKa3bIBaTb BJIHSIIIHe Ha XapaKTep o6MeHa BeHjeCTB. TaK, COBpeMeHHoe yLIeHHe 0 reTepoTpOCJHOH aCCHMHJI5iu,HH yrJIeKHCJIOTbI B03HHKJIO Ha OCHOBe OTKpbIT'HSi ByJIOM H Bep'KMaHOM (Wood a. Werkman, 1936) 06pa3OBaHHH SIHTaPHOII KHCJIOTbI npH c6pa)KHBaHHH rJIHuepHHa npo- 7THOHOBbIMH 6aKTepHHMH: C3H,O:, + CO2 + H2> CIH1;04 + H2O. CJIeJIyIOHjHM npHMepoM MO>KeT CJIy?KHTb oKHC.neHHe 3T'HJIOBOro CIIHpTa B yKCyCHVIO KHCJIOTy B aHa3pO6HbIX yCJIOBHAX 3a CLICT BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH yr.ne- KHCJIOTbI Ro McTaHa KvJIbTypOH Methanobact. Omelanskii: 2 CH3CH2OH + CO2- 2 CH3000H + CH4. HaKOHeu, B OHbITaX He(CJIOBOII (1955) B HaweII TIa6opaTOpHH 6bIJio no- Ka3aHO, LITO aCCHMHJIfluUSI yrJIepoi a npOHHOHOBOH KHCJIOTbI KYJIbTYPOI3 Chromatlun vinosum B03MO}Klla TOJIbKO npH OAH0.3pCMe'HFHO.M HpHCyTCTBHH B CpeAe Kap60HaTOB HJIH aPYFHX 3aMeHmon HX HX BeLueCTB, MOFYIIIHX ~C.TIY- )KHTb aKuenTOpaMH BOJ1Opoua. 3Ha'HTCJIbllOe BJIHAHHe Ha o6MeH Be1ueCTB HMCeT KOM6HHaU1l5i B Cy6CTpaTe oprallMLIecKHX 'BeHiCCTB pa3JIn9IION ~CTpyKTypbI H CTeneHH HX BOCCTa- HOBJIeIIHOCTH. jjo6aBJICHne K Cpe,1C C FJIOK030H yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbI B BHJje COJTH HO- BbIIIaCT BbTKO,`j aueTOxa Tip" aueTOHO3THJIOBOM 6p0}KedHII Ha BeJIHLIHHy, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 COOT BeTCTByIOHjy10 KOJIHIIeCTBy HOTpe6JIeHH013 YKCYCHON KHCJIOTbI (Bakonyi, 1926). OJIHaKO K03JIOBOA (1940) noxa3ano, 'ITO yKCyCHBfl KHCJIOTa c6paxcH- BaeTC51 TOJIbKO B cJly4ae FIPHCyTCTBHH B cpeae rJIIOK03bI. I1pH BTOM nOTpe6Jle- HHe yKCyCHON KH-CJIOTbI HJjeT napaJ JeJIbHO c noTpe6JIeHHeM caxapa, H KOJIH- 4eCTBO aueTOHa COOTBeTCTByeT cyMMe HOTpe6JIeHHOrO caxapa H 11OTpe6JIeHHOI1 yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbl. C6pa>KHBaHHe r.IHIIepHHa np'H aueTOHO-3THJIOBOM 6poxceHHH npHBO1HT npaKTFi4eCKH 'IK 06pa3OBaHHIO TOJIbKO CHHpTa (Speakman, 1925). LITo KacaeT- CH MOJI04HOI3 KHCJIOTbI, TO HPH 3aMeHe rJliluepuHa ee COJI1MH B cpeiie HH pa3- BHTH5I, HH 6po}ICeHHfl Fie npOHCXOAHT. O,QHaKO, KaK noKa3ajia gpMOJIa (1948), Hpii KOM611IHaunhi B cpelle rJnluepFlHa c COJI5MH MO.II04HON KHCJIOTbI HapHJ[y CO CHFIpTOM o6pa3yeTCfl aijeTOH B KOJ]H4eCTBe, nOJIHOCTbIO COOTBeTCTByIOnjeM KOJIH4eCTBy nOTpe6JIeHi-ION MOJIOLIHOI'! KHCJIOTbI. 3Ha4HTeJIbHbIN HHTepec npe)ICTaBJIHeT TO, 4TO MOJI04MaH KHCJIOTa H 6e'3 rJIHuepuHa, FIO npH Jjo6aBJieHi1H K cpe,ije McTHJIeHOBON CHHH TaK }Ke KOJIH4eCTBeHHO c6pa?KHBaeTCH B aijeTOH, H KYJIbTypa B 3TOM cJiy4ae pa3- BHBaeTC2. TaKHM o6pa3oM, Jj.i i c6pa}KHBaHHH aljeTOHO3THJIOBbIMH 6aKTepHflMH MO- JIO4HON KHCJIOTbI C O6pa3OBaHHeM CnHpTa B cpeae, no-BHJU4MOMy, aoji>KeH 6bITb aKTFIBHb:N aKi(enTOp BOJjopoJja, KOTOPbIM MOFYT CJIy}KHTb McTHJIeHOBa5t CHHb HJIH rJIHIIepHH. Hajiu4He aKTHBHOrO aKljenTopa BOJ1OpOJ1 B cpe ie OKa3bIBaeT 3Ha4HTeJlb- Hoe BJIHflHHe H Ha c6pa>KHBaHHe yrJIeBOJ wB B MOJIOtHOKHCJIOM 6poN{eHHH. B Hatuei Jla6opaTOpHH HeoAHOKpaTHO OTMe4aJioci, 4TO Jjo6aBJIeHHe K cpeJje, B KOTOpON pa3BIIBaeTCfl Lactobact. Delbruckii, McTHJIeHOBOcI CHHH p.e3KO cHH}KaeT BbIXOJj MOJIOgHON 'KHCJIOTbI, 311a4HTe1IbHO yBeJIH4HBaeT n0- Tpe6JleHHe caxapa H ycKOpHeT pa3BHTHe 6aKTepHii (Ta6JI.). BAuyHUe .MemuAeHoeoa CUHU Ha e6pa,xeueaxue y? eeodoe Kyirbmyp0,2 Lactobact. De,'bruckii S1lMeHHOe CYCJIO (KOHTPOJIb) Cycno + McTxne HOBaH CHHb KoJIH4e- M0JI04Hafi THTpyeMa$l BpeMB, gacbl pH* nrTre6. C IXap B MM CTBO 6aK- a HII, KHCJIOTa. B MM KHCJIOT- HOCTb B MI TpH03 MJIH/MJI 1/10 N KOH 6 5,9 1,22 4,1 0,55 0,991 12 5,4 2,71 7,5 1,35 1,925 24 4,3 3,07 9,4 2,80 2,973 6 3,9 1,81 6,2 0,25 2,211 12 3,7 2,74 13,3 0,75 3,958 24 3,4 4,73 17,5 1,30 4,203 * HagaJIbHb1ll pH-6,7; KOJIH4CCTPO 6aKTCpMf-0,31 MJIH/MJI; Ha4a4bBaa THTpyIMaB KHC- JIOTHOCTb B MJI 1/IO N KOH-o,437. MCTKJIeHOBaa CHHb AoOaBnaJlacb K cpcAe giTblpe pa3a no Mepe ee O6eClkee4HBaHBH. ,apyrHe KOHKpeTHUe npHMepbl 3HalieHHH KOM6HHaUHH BeujeCTB JiJISI pa3- BHTHfl MHKpOOpraHH3MOB eCTb B pa60Tax HOBHKOBON c corp. (1959) H IIH- McHOBON (1957) no BbI5CHeHHIO yCJIOBHN o6pa3oBaHHfl 4eTbIpeXyIJlepOaHbIX COe,UHHeHHN (JIHaueTHJia H aueTOHHa). I'I3BeCTHO, 4TO A. I-IaCTep yCTaHOBMJI BO3MO}KHOCTb }KH3HH 6e3 B03,ayXa Ha HPHMepe H3yteHH9 c6pa}KHBaHHfl JIaKTaTa KaJIb11H5I C o6pa3oBaHHeM MaCJIHHOl1 KHCJIOTbI npH HpOH3BOACTBe MOJIOtHON KHCJIOTbI. OJjHaKO JjaJIbHe i- HIHe HOHbITKH OCyUjeCTBHTb 3TOT npouecc 4HCTbIMH KyJlbTypaMH HOBTOPHO TepneJIH Heyjja4H. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BenepHIIK (Beijrink, 1893) cuHTaJI, HTO 3T0 6po}KeHHe OCyruecTBJIxeTCx 6aKTepHCri, Ha3BaHHo6 HM Granulobact. laclobutyricum. Ho 6yuyLrH BbIAeJIe- Ha B LIHCTOrt KyJlbType, OHa OKa3aJlacb HeenoCo6HOFI C6pa}KHBaTb ,iaKTaT KaJIbuHn. B 1929 r. I JaIOIIIHHKOB H 3axapo3 ony6JIHK0BaJIH pe3yJIbTaTbI CBoerl pa6OTbI no c6pa}KMBaHITIO co ierI MOJIOLIHOf KHCJIOTbl (MaToiIHb1X pac- TBOPOB OT HpO113BOACTBa MOJIOLIHOf KHCJIOTbI) B npOH3BOJICTBC MaCJI51HO1 KHCJIOTbI. I-IpOBeCTH 3TOT npOueCC npH 10MOI11M LIHCTOI%I KyJ1bTypbl HaM TaK}Ke He yuaJlOCb, no3TOMy 6b1JIo BbICKa3aHO npeAno.no}KZHne, LITO OH OCyLLICCTBJISI- eTCH 3a CLieT ae%ITeJIbHOCTH JIByX BHAO'B 6aKTepHri. BaH-BefHyM H IleTTe (Van-Beynum a. Pette, 1936) on'ncaim 6aKTepHIo lOA 1183Ba1lneM Clostridium tyrobutyrlcum, KOTOpa51 pa3BHBaeTCM Ha JIaKTaT- Hori cpeae. OJHaKO KoeH n KoeH-Ba3Hp (Cohen et Cohen-Bazir, 1949) He 6e3 OCHOBaIIFSI BbICKa3bIBa1OT COMHeHHH B npaBnJIbHOCT'H YTBep}KJIeHn51 Ha- 3BaHHbIX aBTOpOB, TaK KaK pa3BHTHe 6aKTepnrr ~Ha JIaKTaTHOiI cl}eie B HX OnbITaX Ha6JIIoaaJIoCb TOJIbKO B nPHCYTCTBHH 6oJlbUJOFO KOJIHLIeCTBa (3%) aBTOJIH3aTa np0}K}Keri, IIO3TOMy Tpy,gHO peLunTb, LITO B 3TOM CJIy'Iae 51BJI5leT- CSI HCTOLIHHKOM FHTaHH51 H 3HepfHH LIJIM pa3B11BaIOIIIHXCH 6aKTCpHrI. HaKOHeli B 1947 r. 5aT 11 bapxep (Bhat a. Barker, 1947) nOKa3a.IH, TITO BbIAeJIeHHau HMH H3 HOLIBbI 6aKTepu5I MaCJISIHOKHCJIOTO 6po}Kelinfl, noJ1yLIHB- Luai Ha3BaHHe Clostr. lactoacetophilum, xopoulo c6paxcnBaeT 'IaKTaT KaJIb- IIH51 TOJIb'KO npH ,g06aB.,1eHHn K cpe,'g'e 'HeKOTOpo'r0 KOJIHLICCT'Ba co Teri yKCyCHofi KHCJIOTbI; npH 3T'OM KOJIHLIeCTBO HOTpe6JIeHIIOII MOJIOLIHOLI H o6pa3OBaHHOrI. MaCJISlHOri KHCJIOT 6o.iee HJIH McHee npOHOpIIIIOHaJIbHO go6aB.,IeHHOf1 K cpeAe YKCYCHOFI KHCJIOTe. O CBA3H RPOLtECCOB KOHCTPYKTHBHOrO OBMEHA C I1POII,ECCAMH BPO)KEHHA OAHHM 113 CYLIICCTBeHHbIX HeAOCTaTKOB TOJIKOBaHHH o6MeHa BeI11eCTB Y MHKpOOpraH,H3MOB 51BJISICTCH CTpeMJIe'HHe n03HaTb np0'lleccbI 6poxceHHH BHe HX OBH3H c ApyrHMH npouecCaMH, COnpOBO}KAaloLuHMH }KH3Heae5IT2JIbHOCTb. Ecjiii TaKoil McTOJ1 HHOrAa c yCHeXOM npHMCHHeTC51 no OTHOIHeHI4IO K BbIC- H1HM npeACTaBHTCJISIM }KH3HH, o6JIaawoutHm cnellHaJIH3HPOBaHHbIMH opraHa- MH, TO no OTHOLHeHH1O K MIlKpOOpraHH3MaM OH MaJIO HpHroaeH, TaK KaK npHBOJ.IHT K OmHOCTOpe'HHeMy oCB'el1e'H1,1IO 5IBJIeHHf1. 0co6eHHO OTLIeTJIHBO eAHHCTBO npOLIeCCOB o6MeHa Be1ueCTB BbrCTynaeT Ha rlpHMep'e }KH3Heae5ITeJIbHOCTH CJ)'oToaBTOTpOI(pHbIX nypnyp-HbIX 6aKTepHrl: KoJIH- LIeCTBO norJIOLuaeMo1i JIyLIHCTOiI 3HeprHH oripeaeJi eT y HHX KaK TeMn pa3- BHTHH, TaK H HHTeHCHBHOCTb 4)oToaccHMHJISIuMH yriiepoja 'H OKHCJIeHHSI cepeBO,ROpoua. EcJTH Mbl npeACTaBHM ce6e pa3BHTHe 0AHOrO H3 npeACTaBIITeJIerl MaCJIA- HOKHC.noro 6p0)KeHH5I Clostridium Pasteurianum Ha cpeae BHHOrpa,gcxoro, COAep}KaLuerI, KaK H3BecTHO, B Ka'IeCTBe OpraHHlieCKOro BeLHeCTBa TOJIbKO rJIIOK03y, TO, OLIeBHCHO, LITO nocneUHHH HBJIHeTCH HC TOJIbKO c6paNCIIBaeMblM BelueCTBOM, HO TaK}K'e H MaTepHaJloM j1JigI noCTpoe'HHA yrJlepOCHbIX CKeJIeT'OB Bcex pa3H006pa3HbIX BeII1eCTB Te.na 6aKTepHU. 3TO, K8K JIeI-KO BHCCTb H3 COOTB'eTCT'ByIOLUHX pacLleTOB, CBn3&Ho CO 3Ha1IHT'eJIbHbI'M BOCCTaHOBJICHHeM rJIK)KO3b1, KOTOp3II B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM o6MeHe Tep51CT OKOJIO HOJIOBHHbI aTO- MOB KHCJIOpoCa. B ana3po6HbIX YCJIOBHRX OTHSITHe TpeX aTOMOB KHCJIOpOAa AOJI)KHO nOBCCTH K OKIICJICIIHI0 TpeX MOJIeKYJI TpH03bI AO HHpOBHHOrpaCHO14 KHCJIOTbI. He UeTaJIH3HpyH 31eCb o6uleri CXeMbI o6MeHa BCLLICCTB HpH pa3BHTHH MacJISIHOKnCJIbIX 6aKTep11rl, 'MbI BC'e }KC BIIJIHM, LITO accHMHJISIuun yr.,lepoCa Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OAHOH MoJIeKyJIbI FJIIOKO3bI ,roJI}K'IIa C0IIpOBO}KAaTbCH o6pa3cBaHHeM Tpex MOJIeKyJ1 HHpoBHHOrpaJH01l KHC.IOTbl. I-IpHH'HMaeTCH, LITO HOCJICJHSIH B aaJIb- HeHLHeM Aexap6oKcHJIHpy5Ch, npeBpaluaeTCH B yKCyCHyIO H MypaBbnxy10 KHCJlOTbI (H.IH H2+CO2). DTa LIaCTb o6MCHa Beu4CCTB Mo}KeT 6bITb npeACTaBJIeHa ciejjyioiueH CXCMOI : 2 C3HGO, + 3 H2 --C BeujecTB Te,na + 3 H2O 3C,H103+3O-->3CH3000H + 3 H2 -+- 3CO.2. B 3TOM CJlytlae, Kor;Ia MaCLHTa6 OKHCJIIITe.IbHO-BOGCTaHOBHTeJlblIbIX peaK- LIHn Bbline HOTpC6HOCTe1 KOHCTpyKTHBHOFO 06MeHa B BOTIOpOJC, He HCKJIIO4e- Ha BO3MO)KHOCTb npeBpaLlleHnH OAHON HJIH 6oJrbLHero suit a TP1403 3a CLIeT COnpH}KCHHOFO OKHCJIeHHH-BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH (HO 6e3 JIOHOJIHHTCJIbHOTO OKHC- JICHHH) B MOJIO4Hy10 KHC.TOTY, AeKap'6 xcHJIHpoBaHne KOTOp'ON npHBc. eT K 06pa30BaHHIO yKCyCI-IOrO aJIb;jerHAa H MypaBb14HOf KHCJIOTbI (HJIH H2+CO2). llocJICJIHee HMCCT OCC60C 3Ha4CHHe KO BpeMeHH 3aMeJJ1eHHH TCMHa pa3MHO- )KeI1IIH 6aKTepH1[. Ho 06pa3yIOLuHNCH yKCyCHbII3 aJIbJICrHJI KBK BCLLIeCTB0 CHJIbHO HJOBHTOC JIJIH 6aKTepHF1, A0.7}Keti 6hITb yaaJreH 113 cpeAbI (Neuberg, 1921; TayCOH, 1950). YAaJIelHHe erO B 3T'OM CJIy4ae AOCTHraeTCR KOHAeHCa11Her3 YKCYCHOFi KHCJIOTOId B 13-OKCHMaCJI5iHyfO KHCJIOTY, BOCCTaJIaBJ1HBa}OLLjyIOCH B RaJIhHefLueM B MaCJIHIIyio: II) CH3CHO + CH,000H > CH,CHOHCH2000H > + H2> -> CH,CH2CH2000H. BHo.IHe o'4eBHJ'HO, 'TO 4CM 6oJlbnie yJleJlbxblll Bee KOHCTpyxTHBHOFO 06M.eHa (1) no cpa.BHe1HHI0 C 3Hepr'eTn4FeCKHM (II), TeM 6oJIblue HaKanJlH- I3aeTCH B Cy6CTpaTe npOJyKTOB nepBo i (J 3bl o6MeHa yKCyCHOl3 KHCJIOTbI, H, Ha060poT, LICM MCHbLue HOTpe6JIeHHe BOJOpOJa 'B KOHCTpyKTHBHOoM o6Me- Ile (Hp'H 3aMeJJreHHH pa3BHTHH), TeM 6oJIbLuHH- yJjeJlbHbll"I Bee HpIlc6peTae'r o6pa3oBaHHe 6oJlee BOCCTaHOBJIeHHbIX npOJyKTO:B 11 (pa3bl, B aaHH'OM cJry4ae MaCJIHHOIi KHCJIOTbI. Pa3BHTne MHKpoopraHII3MOB B LIHCTbIX KYJIbTypaX B TCX yCJIOBHHX, B KOTOpbIX MbI HX H3y1IaeM, CxeMaTHLieCKH MOiKe_T 6bITb npeUCTaBJICHO KpHBOIi CKOPOCTCF (pne. 1), JICIKO n0,ILpa3Ae 7HcMOfI ma ABe HOJIOBHHbI: nepBaH xa- TepH3yCTCB 1OCTeHeHHbIM HapaCTa'HHC'.M CKCIpOCTH O6pa30BaHHH KH,BOH MaC- CbI It, COOT:BCTCT'BeHHO, nOTpe6JICHHB BOAOpOJa B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM o6Me- tie; BTOpaH - noeTeneHHbIM CHH}Ke11HCM CKOPOCTH IlapaCTaIIHH }KHBOLI Maccbl. HMeHHO 3T0 o6CTOHTeJIbCTBO, B CBHM,'C OTM'e4eHIIbbM paHee I-lenp'epbI'BHbI'M KaLICCTBCHHbIM H3MCHCHHCM CpCJbI 06HTaHHH MHKIOOpralIH3MOB B 4HCTbIx KYJlbTypaX H HCHOJIb3OBaHHCM HMH B KOHCTpyKTHBHOM 06MCHC BeLueCTB, 6o- .nee OKHCJIeHIIbIX, LIeM epe,3HHN COCTaB BeIIJCCTB HX TeJIa, npll,BeJIO IIaC K yCTa- IIOBJICHHK) npHHUHIIa lByxq)a3l[OCTH o6Me'Ha BelljeCT'B inpH pa3lBHTHH MHKpOOp- 1aHH3MOB. HPHHQIHr 1Byx(Pa3HOCTH OKa3aJICH HPHJIO}KIIMbIM KO BCCM TIIIIaM 6aKTe- pHaJbHbix 6p02KeHHl4, MO)KeT 6brTb, 3a HCKJIIO4eHHCM reMO(Je_pMeHTaTHBHOro MoJIOLIIIOKHCJIOro 6pc}KCHHA, KOTOpOC HMCCT B 3TOM OTIIOLHCHHH HCKOTOpbIC cneuw(H4ecKHe LICpTbl (LUanIOLIIHHKOIB, 1955). JTOT IIpHHLIHf OKa3aJJCH TaK}Ke IIpHJIO}KHMbIM K o6MeHy BenjeCTB 60JIb- IIIHHCTBa aKTHHOMHIUCTOB B npoueccax 06pa30BaFIH551 'HMH aHTI-I6HOTHKOB, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 XOT51 (JH3HOJIOro-6HoxHMHYeCKa5T OCHOBa JByX(pa3HOCTII V HHX HMeeT CBOH cneuHq)HLIeCKHe LlepTbl. )~ByX()a3HOCTb npouecCOB o6MeHa BCHjeCTB B KYJlbTypaX MHKpOOpraHH3- MOB o6ycJIOBJIHBaeTCTT pa3JIHMHbIMH (jaKTOpaMH. IIpi npoueccax 6po}KeHHII OHa onpe)>,em5IeTCH H3MeHeHHCM BO BpeMeHH 6HOXHMHLIeCKHX nyTell C6pa)KHBaHH51 BeLueCTB, nyTeM nepepacnpeJie.nexxx B HpO T KTaX 6poxceHHTI peaKUHIi OKHCJIeHHSI H BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI, Haawmem will OTCyTCTBHeM peaKuHli KOHae_HCauHH H np. AByX(pa3HOCTb MO}KeT OHpeJeJIHTbCSI H HHbIMH ()aKTOpaMH, CBSI3aHHbI'MH C H3MeHeHHeM yCJIOBHIi pa3BHTHH OpraHH3Ma BO BTOPYIO 4pa3y. 3TH H3MeHe- HHTI MOT C03aaBaTbC51 H'CLlepnbiBaHHeM B Cy6CTpaTe TeX HAM HHbIX Beu[eCTB, I-Ieo6XoJHMbIX JJITI HOpMaJIhHOFO pa3BIITI-ITI. B TOM cnyLIae npH HaCTyHHBIIIeM BHe3anl-IOM rOJIOJaHI-IH npOHC- XO HT ne TOJIbK ocna6 ieHlle O JaIjHH CTapbIX Llac'TeH MHUe- 80 2 I /~\ JIHSi (npoI eccbI aBTOJIHTHie- 70 1 I 7 CKOrO XapaKTepa). J,115I MO- eb'0 0 l \\2 JIOJbIX KJIeTOK (Him npopaCTa- 50 t 3 K)IUHX CHOP) C03JaIoTCT HO- :ZI 40 Bble yCJIOBH5I JJI5I pa3BHTHH, iv CB513aHHble C nOTIBJIeHHeM B d0 / / \. ~~ cpeAe HPOJIyKTOB aBTOJIH3a 20 /// \ \ OT}KHBLHHX KJIeTOK H H3MeHe- /0 1 HHeM OKHCJIHTeJIbHO-BOCCTa- IIOBHTeJIbHOrO pe}KHMa. 0 4 3 '2 (5 20 24 B paMKaX 3TOII CTaTbH 5 M8, VCICb/ MbI He HMeeM B03MO)KHOCT14 aeTaJIH3HpOBaTb LIaCTHble BO- PHc. 1. I eTepO(~epMeHTaTHBHOe MOJIO4HOKHCJIOe npOCbI H HOTOMy nepei LeM K 6po)KeHHe: HeKOTOpbIM OCHOBHbIM pCKO- I - yKCycHaH KHCnora; 2 - mono9Hai KHC.noTa; 3-6aKK>KeBbie H MHHOJIHaJIbHbie rpH6bl - CLIHTaJIHCb BeCbMa HpOCTO H npHMH- THBHO opFaHH30BaHHbIMH, Kor to TKaHeBble KJIeTKH BbICWHX OpraHH3MOB C HX CTPYKTYPH01i CJIO>KHOCTbIO H COBepIIIe-HCTBOM npOTFIBOHOCTaBJIHJIHCb M14- Kp06HbIM KJIeTKaM. WnpOKoe npH3HaHHe HaXOIIflT npe. CTaBJIeHH5l O TOM, LITO OAHOKJIeTOLIHb1e opraHH3Mbi, B TOM NHCJIe H MHKpo6bl, Hapfluy c O6HIHMH LiepTaMH CTpoCHH5 H (JyuKHHOHHpOBaHH1, nplCyiuHMH BCeM KJieTKaM, o611a- IlaloT H 061UHMH nPH3HaKaMH H CBOIiCTBaMH opraHH3MOB, T. e. B 3TOM OTHO- H1eHHH OKa3bIBalOTCA aaxce 6oliee CJIO>KHbIMH CHCTeMaMH, LIeM TKaHeBble KJICTKH. KaKOBbI >Ke Te o6ulne LlepTbl, KOTOpbJe C6JIHA{aIOT' MHKpOOpraFIH3MbI C KJIeTKaMH? Bo-nepBblX, OTLIeTJIHBafl AHC3()epeHHHauH1 HX Te.ia Ha uHTonJia3- McHHYIO H fl iePHYio LIaCTH C npeI4MylueCTBeHHblM, eCJIH He HCKJIIOLIHTeJlbHbIM o6oco6J1eHHeM ae30KCHpii6OHYKJ1elHOBO9 KHCJIOTbI (LIHK) H ee npoTeHaa (L1HKf) B flRePHb1X CTpyKTypax. Flo OTHOHIeHHIO K upo>K>KeBblM H MHHe- JIHaJIbHbIM rpH6aM 3TO MO>KHO CLIHTaTb TBepao yCTaHOBJIeHHbIM. KJIeTKH 3THX OpraHH3MOB HMCIOT o6o006JieHHbie utpa KapHOCOMHOfO TH'na C OTVeTJIHBOH AuepHON o6oJioLiKON. MeHee 1CHbIM AO HeaaBHerO Bp2MeHH 6bIJI BOnpoc o6 o oco6JIeHHON flJ1epHOFI CTpyKType y 6aKTepHli. CJIO>KHOCTb BbIHBJICHH5 Ta- KOII CTPYKTypbl Ha CIHKCHPOBaHHbIX npenapaTax H npl BFITaJlbHbIX oKpaCKax, BO3MO>KHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHH 1 HpH TaKHX o6pa6OTKaX Pa3JIH1IHbIX apTe?aK- TOB nPHBeJIH HeKOTOPblX HCCJIe1lOBaTeJIeIi K OTPHHaHH1O peaJlbHOrO CYHICCTBO- Ba,HHH O6oco6JIe'HHOIi fluepHON CTPYKTypbl Y HCTH'HHbIX 6aKTe,pHif (1'IMIne- HeuKHli, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1956). FIpOTHBOnOJIO>KHble npeLICTaBJIeHHA Ha OCHOBaHHH CBOHX HCCJiemOBaHHIi, nPOBe11 HHb!X Ha CIHKCHpOBaHHbIX npenapaTax H B yCJ1OBHHX HpH>KH3HeHHbIX Ha6JIlo1eHHN, pa3BHBaeT HeIHKOB (1955). Pa3JIHgHble TOLIKH 3pCHH5I no 3TO- My BOHPOCY BbICKa3bIBalOT H 3apy6e>KHbie HccJieIIOBaTeJIH. 3a noc.ne.aHee BpeMH no iy4eHbl 'HOBble jlaHHble, nOjiKpenJinioii e n03H'11HH CTOPOHHHKOB ,3HC(JCpepeHuHauHH 6aKTepHaJ1bHO}I KJICTKH Ha UHTOfJIa3MCHHYK) H SIACpHyIO 4aCTH. CJlejlyeT npe>Kle BCero OTMeTHTb pe3yJlbTaTbI 3JIe.KTpOHHO'MHKpOCKO11H- LIeCKFIX HCCJIexOBaHHIi yJlbTpaTOHKHX CPe30B 6aKTepJIi. UpH HauJ1e>Kalueli o6pa6oTKe npenapaTOB BO BCeX cJiy'Ia1X B ueliTpaJIbHOK LIaCTH 6aKTepHaJlb- HOH KJIeTKH o6Hapy>KHBaCTC5- >, co,iepxcaula i CnnpaJle- BHIIHYIO BOJIOKHHCTYIO CTpyKTypy. BHOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT no pa3MepaM H ( opMe HyKJ1eOHIlaM, BbOIBJI5CMbIM y 6aKTCpHIi Ha CpHKCHpO- RBHHbJX H OKpalueHHbIX npenapaTax, a TaK>Ke CBeTJIbIM yLIaCTKaM B 6aKTe- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 pHaJlbHbIX KJICTKaX, Ha61I10AaeMbIM HpH d)a30BO-KOHTpaCTHOA MHKPOCKOHHH. CTOJIb }KC OHpeJIeJIeHHO, HO 3HaTIHTeJIbHO npouie O6Hapy}KHBaIOTCH P.Apa y 6aKTepHH HpH HOMOHIH JIIOMHHCCLICHTHO!I MHKpOCKOHHH. Mefce11b H Kop- 4arHH (1952) 11OKa3aJIH, aTO JIIOMHIICCLCHTHbI6 KpaCHTC.Ib aKpHAHIIOBb114 OpaH)Ke'BbI6 HpHDO, eH JLJIFI UHTOXIIMH4eCKOFO pa3JIH'4CHHH 1ZHK H PHK, a TaK)Ke HX HPOH3BOAHbIX. B OHpejeJ'IeHHbIX yCJIOBHflX 3TOT (4JIyOpOXpoM HpH- AaeT COejHIIeHaa I AHK 3CJIeiiyio, a PHK-KpaCHy10 JIIOMHHeC40HUHI0. PHC. 1. HyKJIeOHAbI B IueTKaX KHLHe uio14 HaJIO4KH. IIpH}KH3- HeHHOe C4).IyopoXpoMHpoBaHHe aKpIlaHH0BbIM Oj)aIDKeBbIM; .!II0MHHecueHTHaB MIIKpOCKOHHB. Kpar (Krieg, 1953a, 6, 1954a, 6) oHHCaJI crioco6 BbIaB.?ICIIHA flaep y pa3JIHT4- HbIX 6aKTepHH HpH HOMOH.IH (1)JIYOPOXPOMHPOBaHHSI aKpHAHIIOBbIM OpaH}Ke- BbIM. HO CFO IaHHbIM, HApO HMeeT BHA CHHpaiTCBHAHOii HJIH H30I'HYTO-Y'q IH- HeHHOII CTpyKTypbl. Ho4TH OJHOBpeMeHHO Iby,ncp (Schuler, 1952, 1954) OHy6JIHKOBaJI pe3y.,IbTaTbl CBOHX Ha61II0AeHHH; O,H CIIHTaeT, 4TO (P1lyopOXpo- MHpOBaHHOe SIAPO BHOJIHe COOTBCTCTByeT TOMY, TO BbIHBJIHeTCH Ha (pHKCHpO- BaHHbIX HperIapaTax H 113beCTHO KaK KHyKJIeoHA>. C HauaJia 1957 F. Mbl C MHpoJII06oao6 HpOBOAHJIH AeTa?"IbHOe -IIOMHHeC- IIeHTHO-MHKpOCKOHHLICCKOe HCCJIeAOBaHHe CTpOeHHa 6aKTCpHi1 KHHIeIIHOH rpynrlbl. IICHOJlb3oBaJIoCb HpeHMylueCTBCHHO HPH)KH3HeHHOC (pJIyOpOXpOMH- POBaHHe aKpHAHHOBbIM OpaH)KCBbIM. OTeaeCTBeHHbIII 'IIOMHHCCUeHrHbIri OrnaK-HJIJ!IOMHHaTOp 01'1-17 IIO3BOJIHJI OAIIOBPCMe.HHO H3y4aTb OAHO H TO }Ke McCTO HpenapaTa KaK B CBeTe JIIOMHHeCUC1ILI14II, TaK H HpH (pa30BOM KOHTpa- CTe. H3y4eHHe Hp0LICcca HpH)KH3IIeHHO1O ()JIyOpOXpOMHpOBaHHH HOKa3aJIO, 4TO CHa4aJIa u iepHafl CTpyKTypa BbIHBJIaeT'CH KaK paCHOJIO)KCHHafl B LICHT- pa.nbHOri 4aCTH KJICTKH y,r IuHeHIIaB , 3aHOJIHCHHaH 60Jlee 5! KO JIK)MHHeCLIHpyioLi.erl 3eJIeII0i1 Maccorl. DTa oKpy- }KeHa L[HTOHJIa3MON, HaI'6o,'Iee 311a4IITe.-rb!1o Bbipa)KeHHO11 Ha HOJIK)CaX KJIeT- KH (pac. 1 H 2). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 LTpyKTtypuaR L/JU3UOj702UR sUUcpo6Hoal KIIeTKU flpi HpOAoJlxcalolueMcsi cJJlyopoxpoMHpoBaHHH HpOHCxoUHT CTpyKTypH- poBamHe coAep KJMoro AAepxoi ,BaxyoJn-, HpHHHmalouzero ~(SopMy cHHpaJIH HJIH H301'HyTOIi H3JIOLIKII, BeebMa APKO CBCTHLIIHXC51 CBeTJIO-3e.iellblM; xapaKTep Puc. 2. HyKJIeOHAbl B KJIeTKax KHHIe9HON HaJi09KH (CBCTJIble cTpyxrypbl). Uu110Bpe IeHHd5I JIK)MHHecueHTHan H Oa30BO-KOHTpaCTHaB MHKpocKOHHSI. PIIC. 3. U1epHbze CTpyKTypbl B KJIeTKax Bac. anthracoides. HPHDKI13HeHHOe IPJIyOpOxpOM HpOBaHlie aKp11AHHOBbIM OpaH}KCBbIM; J110MHHecuelITHaH MIIKpO- CKOIIHH. cBegeHHA CHCIjH(jH"c l ;1J151 ,JHK-HpoTeHRa (puc. 3). 3'ro cTpyxTypHpoBaHHe, o6paTHMO If COBMCCTIIMO C COxpaHCHHeM }KH3HecIJoco6HOCTH KJSeTKH. OHO, 04eBHJ[HO, MO}KCT HaCTynarb 11 HC3aBHCHMO OT B03,2eH'CTBHSI CpJIyOpoXpOMa, HarlpHMep, B FHHepTOHHgecKHX COJIeBbIX pacTBOpax, a TaK}Ke B IIpoIecce .J eJIeHHH a,Lpa. Je.1IeiiHe o,cymecTBJIHCTCSI HyTeM pacnaaa ueHTpaJIbHOIi CHH- paJIeBH,'jHOIi CTpyKTVpb1 Iia OTZCJIbI-Ible (OparMOIlTbl. q)7yOpOXp0,MHpOBaIIHe Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 16 M. H. Meucene aKpHAHHOBbIM opaH}KeBbIM H03BOJISIeT HapsiAy c HpKO-3eJIeHOH JIIOMHHeCUeH- uHeH a pa Ha6JIIoJIaTb p030BOe cBeqeHHe H,HTOnJIa3MbI H KpaCHoe - nOJisp- HbIX TeJleu. TaKH'M o6pa3OM, HCCJIeAOBaHHe 6aKTepHli cIneuIlajlbllbIMH uHTOJIOrHIIeCKH- MH MCTOJIaMH BJIeKTHBHOFO BbISIBJIeHHH AJIepHOFO BeLUeCTBa, McTOAaMH (Ja30- BO- H aHOnTpaJIbHO-K0HTpacTHOI3 MHKPOCKOHIIH, a TaK}Ke 3JIeKTpOHHOK H JIIOMHHecueHTHOI/ MHKpOCKOnHH uaeT BHOJIHe OaHO3HaLIHble pe3yJlbTaTbl, yKa3blBalomne Ha peaJlbHO CyII-IeCTBYIOHIYIO aucp(pepellulaullo TeJla KJIeTKH Ha uHTOnJla3Me'HHbI1 H HJI'epHbIH KO'MHOHeHTbI. Bojiee AeTaJIb'HO 3TOT BOnpOC 6yACT paCCMOTpeH B JlpyFOA Hauled CTaTbe. BTOpbIM o61uHM aJISI TKaHeBbIX H MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK HpH3HaKOM HBJIBeT- CSI cTpyKTypHaH reTepOreHHOCTb UHTOnJ1a3MbI, npHypOTIeHHOCTb OCIIOBHbIX BHepreTH1leCKHX H CIIHTeTHIIeCKHX npouecCOB K ee Cne'uHaJIH3HPOBaHHbIM MHKpO- H yJIbTpaMHKpOCTPYKTypaM. KJIeTKH JIPWK)Kef H MHUe_JIHa:ibHbix rpH6OB 06.uaJIaIOT XOpOHIO Bblpa}Ke1HH0H CHCTeMON MHTOXOHApHH, y9acTHe KOTOpbIX B O'KHCJIHTed]bHO-BOCCTaHO-BHTeJIbHbIX npoueccaX 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO eLue 20 JIeT Ha3aA (MeJCeJIb, 1938). B HaCT051nlee BpeMB H3BeCTHO, TITO B MHTOXOH- ApH51X JIOKaJIH3oBaHbI I~epMeHTaTHBHble npoueCCbI, npHBOJI51IUHe K O;.BO6O}K- AeHHIO 3HCprHH H3 yrJlepoACO7epxcaWHX COeAH'HeHHH, K CB5I3bIBaHHIO 3TOI3 BHeprHH B MaKpo3prH H K HepeHOCy BJIeKTpOHOB. CHCTeMa K03H3HMa A TaK}Ke JiOKaJIH3OBaIIa Ha 3THX CTpyKTypaX. 110 OTHOHICHH1O K UPWK>KaM XapaKTep- Hax 6HOXHMH4eCKa5T aKTHBHOCTb MHTOXOHAPHH 6blJla nOKa3aHa HoccanleM C COTpyAHnKaMn, JIHHHeHOM H p1AOM ApyrHX HCCJIeaOBaTe,neH (Nossal, Keech a. Morton, 1956; Linnane a. Still, 1955) HyTeM H3yBeHHB IIHCTbIX 4JpaKUHB H30JIIiPOBaHHbIX H3 KJIeTOK MHTOXOHApHH. HaHIH HccjieAOBaHHSI (MeHCe0b, 1950; Mei'lceJIb, IIoMOIUHHKOBa H L11aB- JiOBCKHIeI, 1950; MeiceJIb, 11oMOU1HHKOBa H COKOJIOBa, 1957) npH HOMOIUH H36HpaTeJlbHOro 6JIOKHPOB3HH51 M'HTOXOHJIpHH B )KHBbIX apmK>KeBbIX KJIeTKax n03BOJIHJIH yTOTIHHTb 4)yHKUHOHaJ1bHOe 3HaIIeHHe 3THX CTpYKTYP. BeCbMa HPKHM IOKa3aTeJlbCTBOM pOJIH MHTOXOHAPHH B OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX npoueccax Apo}K}KeBOH KJIeTKH 5IBJI51IOTC5I UHTOHJIa3MaTHIie-CKHe MyTaHTbI (Ephrussi, Hottinguer et Chimenes, 1949; Slonimski et Ephrussi, 1949) C HaCJleACTBeHHO-rIOBpe}KAeHHbIM UHTOXPOMHbIM annapaTOM. HN yITOXHMH Y 6aKTepHH y9aCTKH UHTOnJIa3MbI C (pyHKUHHMH MHTOXOHAp u LIecmi 6bIJIH BbI5iBJIeHbI Mefice.neM H KoHApaTbeBOH (1945), 3yTM MaJ OM (Mudd, 1954) H Ap. OAHaKO nOnbITKH l430JIHPC1BaTb 3714 CTpKT bI noCJIe pa3pyuIe-HH}1 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJIeTOK HeH3MeeHHO npHBOJnIT K O6Hapy}KeHHK) TOJIbKO McJIKHX Cy6MHKPOCKOnHIIeCKHX rpaHyJI, C KOTOpbIMH CB5I3aHbI JIHHIb HeKOTOpble (pCpMeHTbI UHKJia Tp'HKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT. Haro nOJlaraTb, LITO H3BeCTHble B HaCTOB1Uee BpeMSI McTOAb1 pa3pyLueHHB 6aKTepHaJlbHbIX KJIeTOK He o6ecneL1HBaiOT COXpaHeHNSI MHTOXOHJ pHenoJo6Hb1x CTpyKTyp, OHH, BHAH- MO, paCnaaaIOTC51 Ha McJIKHe 4)parMeHTbl. Bo3MO}KHO, IITO 3TH ()parMeHTbI B }KHBON 6aKTepHaJIbIlOH KJICTKe o6pa3yloT CKOnjIeHHSI HJIH pbIXJIO CBB3aHHble arperaTbI, CKOHue1ITpHpOBaHHble B onpeaeuleHHbIX yLiaCTKaX uHTOnula3Mbl. TaK HJIH HHage, 110 H y 6aKTepHH no KpaI3H fi Mepe TIaCTb (JepMeHTaTHBHbIX (pylIx- uH1i, npllypotleunblx B KJICTKaX apo}Kxcell K MHTOXOHAPH5IM, CB1I3aHa, HecoM- HeHHO, CO CTpyKTypnbIM KOMHOHeHTOM UHTOnJla3Mb1. MbI C IIOMOniHHKOBOI'i nO- HbITaJIHCb HOAOI'ITH K yT01IHeI1HIO BTOrO BOn.poca npH noMOIUH 6JTOKHpOBaHH5B MHTOXOHApHH y 6aKTepHH Escherichia colt JIIOMHIIeCUHpyIO1uHM aJIKaJIOHAOM '6ep6epHHOM, 'ITO o6bIIIHO yaaBaJIOCb OCy1UeCTBJI5ITb Ha Ap0}K>KeBbIX KJIeTKaX. OKa3aJIOCb, 'ITO H y 6aKTepHH, oC06eHH0 pa3BHBaIOIUHXC5l Ha HHTaTeuubHOII cpeAO c r.nIOK030H, MO}KHO npH}KH3HCHHO noCJIe (juIyOpOXpOMHPOBaHHB 6ep- 6epHH-CyJIb aTOM O6Hapy}KHTb B IHTOHJIa3Me, HenoCpeACTBeHH0 n0A KJIeTOLI- HOH 060J10L1KOH, KOpOTKHe naJIOLIKOBHAHb1e CTpyKTypbl, 9HeprHLIHo aacop611- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CrpyKrypxuR (,bu3UORO0UR A1UKpO6HO12 Knerxu pyioiiwe 3TOT KpaCHTeJIb H JIIOMHHeCIIHpyK)IuIe 3OJIOT'HCTO-3Ke,ITbIM. baKTCpHaJlbHble KJICTKH C 3a6JIoKHpOBaHHbIM 6ep6epHHOM CTpyKTypaMH (TaK xKe, KaK H JIpW}K>KeBbI,e KJIeTKH) XapaKTepH3yIOTC5I 3aMCTHbIM UGHH>KCHHeM OKHCJIHTeJIbHbIX HpO'UeCCOB, B TOM qHc.me OKHCJIHTeJIbHOIO (ho0(pOpHJIHpo- BaHHa. O6IIIHM JIJI51 BCex KJIeTOK 5iBJIHeTCH H TO, 'ITO TaKO11 Ba)KHC9HIHH CHIITeTH- 4'eCK11It npouecc, KaK CHHTe3 6eJIKa, 0CyIIICCTB,15ieTCSI cnellaajIbJibIMH cy6'MH- Kp0CKOnH4CCKHMH HyKJTeOnpOTeaJIHbJMH CTpyKTypaMH. B KJIeTKaX }KHBOTHbIX OpraHH3MOB 3TH CTpyKTypbl o6pa3yIOT CJIO)KHyIO CHCTCMy, TaK Ha3b!BaeAIyK) 9pracTOnJIa3My, cocioaIIIyio 113 HyKJIeonpoTeli,uIbIX rpallyJI-MHKpOCOM 11 CJIOH- CTbIX I1JIaCTHH HJIH UHCTepH. H3 J1pwKoKeBbIx K.ICTOK 'B 'CB'OC BpeM51 Bpanme H LLIaHTp.eH (Brachet et Jeener, 1944; Chantrenne, 1944) Bblge,mHTiH McJIKHC HyKJleonpOTeuJlllbre rpa- 1IyJIbI, n03O6Hb!e MHKpOCOMaM KJIeTOK BbICHIHX OpI'aHH3MOB. bJIOKHpOBaHHe IIyKJmeOnpoT'CHJIOB Y JIpO}K}KCBbIX H 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJICTOK TpHna'(1J1aBHmOM, KaK HOKa3aJiH Hama iia6JIK)Ae1IH5I, HPHBOJIHT K pe3KOMy CHH)KeHHIO CIII-ITCTH- 4CCKHX npoueccOB. FCHJIb (Gale a. Folkes, 1955; Gale, 1957) OTMeTHJI, HT'o o, ria H3 (ppaKUHH OT'HOCHTCJIbHO KpyrHblX (1JpaFMeHTOB KJIeTOK CTa(f)HJIOKOKKOB, pa3pymeHIIblx VJIbTpa3ByKOM, oco6enll0 9HepFHUHO BKJ1K)uaeT B CBOH 6ejIKH MeyeHb1C aMHHOKHCJIOTbI. /JIaJIeHHe H3 3THX (JparMeHTOB HyKJ7euH0BbIx KHCJIOT pe3KO CIIH}Ka'eT BKJl1o'4'e1IHe B mix aMH'HOKHCJIOT; 3TOT npOUecc MO>KeT 6bITb B 3Ha- LIHTeJIbHOH CTCHCHH BOCCTaHOBJICH nyTeM Ao6aBJIeHH5I JHK HJIH paclllen.neli- Hoil PHK. Ho aailnbiM LLlnnreJlbMaHa (Spiegelman, 1956), HoBoo6pa3oBanne c(1ep- MCHTOB B npOTOnJIaCTax 6aKTepHH MWKeT npOHCxOJIHTb JIHHIb npH HaJIHUHH B HHX (HJIH npH IIo6aB.1IeHHII H3BHe) PHK. CJIeJIOBaTeJIbHO, B 6aKTepHaJIbHbIX KJIeTKax McXaHH3M CHHTC3a 6eJIKa B OCHOBHbIX iICpTaX 6JIH3oK K TaKOBOMy KJIeTOK BbICLHHX OpraHH3MOB H CB5I- 3211 C onpeilerleInmoH 'CTpyKTypIIOH opraHH3aUHei UHTOHJIa3MbI. FeTeporeltlloCTb, CTpyKTyplOCTb MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK, npaypoIle'HHOCTb 6HoxaMH9ecxax HpOUCCCOB, ocO6eHHO .MHOF'OCTyneHTiaTbIX, K onperle.'ieH,HbIM KJIeTO'IIIbIM (1)y1IKIIH01IaJIb111,IM CTpyKTypaM - BCC 3TO C03,gaeT yCJIOBH51 JIJIH HCKOTOpOH OTHOCHTej1bHOH CaMOCT'OBTeAbHOCTH 3THX CbyHKUHII. OT,jUlh'Hble (pyHKHHH MO}KHO B 3Ha'IHTeJIbH0H Mepe genpHMHpOBaTb npH He3HatIHTeJIbHOM H3Mr1,eIIHH JlpyFHX. PaJI KJIeTO'IHbIX npOUCC'COB Mo)KeT 6bITb yCHJIeH nyTeM B03ACfCTBHH Ha perVJiHpyloluae McxaHH3MbI. TaK, HaHpHMCp, HapyHleliHH B IIHTOXpOMHOH caCTeMe, no JIBHHbIM Hamef Jla6opaT0pHH, 3aKOHOMCpHO HpH- BOJIHT K yCMZC11HIO CHHT'e'3a CTepallo'B. Jpo)K)KeBbIC op-ra'HI13MbI, o6pa'3yIOHIHe oco6eHHo 6oJ1bmIHe KOJIH'ICCTBa 3prOCTepMHa, o6bhIHO HMCIOT PCAyUHpOBaH- IIyIO 111ITOXpOMIIyI0 CHCICMV. H3BCCTHO', 'ITO yCHJICIIHOe yrJleBO,uIIoe naTaHHe MHKpoopraHH3MOB npH CHH}KCIIHOM CHa6)KeHH11 a30THCTbIMH Be1UeCTBaMH TaKAKe CHOCO6CTByCT HOBbIIneHHOMy o6pa3OBaUHIO >KHpOB H JIHfOHAOB. l aKOC }KC' 113MelICIiHe o6MCHa, i o iialHHM 'na6.,IIOACHHHM (Fa.7IbUoBa, Mence:lb H CCJIHBepCTO'Ba, 1954) npoH'cxoJ IIT H B p'03yJIbTaTe BO33CHCT,9Ha lra MIlKpo6- Hble KJICTKH HOHH3HpyIOLIIHMH H3JIyileHHHMH. HO gaHHbIM CeiiaBepCTOBOH (1958), B 3THX )Ke yCJIOBHHX Ha6JIK)JIaeTC51 Tax)Ke MatIHTeJibHOC noBbiluenie 6HOCHHTe3a 14H03HTa. MOHH3Hpy1OHIHe H3JIyIIeHHSI npeaCTaBJIaIOT JJJIH HCCJIC- ,IOBaHHSI (IH3HOJIOFHH KJIeTKH Oc06b1H HHTepeC, TaK KaK no'I HX BJIHSIHHCM HpOHCXOJIHT yrHeTCHHe pa3JIH'IHbIX KJIeTo IHbIX (1)YHKIIHH B pa3HOH CTeneHll, iITO HPHBOJIHT, HO Kpafiiei Mepe B Ha'IaJIbHOH CTaJIHH, x 6oilee 1 314 McHee OA'HOCTOpOHHCMy H3BpaM0111f1o KJIeTO'HHOrO McTa6oJIH3Ma. CTpyKTyp,Hax H dlyHKUHOHaJIbIIaa reTCpOFPHHOCTb KJIeTKH npH 3TOM BbICTynaer oco6eHHo OT'IeTJIITBO (Meicerrb, 1958). BJIH3KHe pe3yJlbTaTbI MoryT 6iITb nOJlyTIeHbI H 2 TpyAhi Nn-ra MHKpo6xonorHH, Iihlr,. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 HOJj BJIHIIHHeM XHMHLIeCKHX BeI1 eCTB, HMHTHPYIOLUHX AeIICTBHe npOH'HKaloH1eM pa,aHauHH (TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX paJJHOMHMCTH1Ie'CKHX BeIneCTB). AHTH6HOTHKII, a HTHMeTa6OJTHTb1 H pa3JIHUHble 4JepMeHTHble HHrH6HTOpbI TaK}Ke Hpexcr e Bcero B03AefCTByIOT Ha 'OJ1Hy HJIH HeCKOJIbKO COBepIIIeHHO onpeaeaeHHbIX (~yHKUHH MHKpo6H0fl KJIeTKH. HecmoTpH 'Ha oq'eBH,I HyIO HeKOTOpyIO 3MaHCH'HHpoBa'HHOCTb OTAeJIbHbIX CTOpO'H K.IIeTOtI'HOI"I }KH3HeJ1e5ITeJ7bHOCTH, 6H'oxHMHtlecKHe iHpouecebl H OCHOB- Hble (kYHKLU1H KJI'eTKH 6o.iee HJIH McHee Te:CH'0 Me)KJjy C060H CBH3aHbI H CO- HpII}KeHbl KaK 'HpH HOpMaJIbHOM, TaK H HaTOJIOrH-I'eCKOM (()yHKIjHOHHpOBaHHH KJJeTKH. HapynleHHe B OAHO,M H3 3BeHbe'B McTa6oJIH3Ma ReJeT, 'B KO'He'IHOM cqeTe, K CABHraM BO BCeM o6MeHe BeHjeCTB, qTO HaxoAHT 'CBOe OTpa}K'e,HHe H B CTpyKTypHOH HepecTpocKe KJICTKH (MefceJib, 1950). Pery.mHpylowa 1 H KOOpjjHFLHpylOlljaH ae5ITeJIbHoCTb KJIeTKH KaK IL'eJIOCTHOfi 'CH:CTeMbI 0006eHHO OTlieTJIH'BO 'MO}KeT 6bITb 06Hapy}KeHa HpH Ha6JIIOJjeHHH 3a OKHC.IIHTeJIbHO- B000TaHOBHT'eJIbI-IOfI H aacop6uH0'HHO-Aecop6UHO'HHOFI aKTHBIHOCTbIO MHTOXOHJj- PIIII, 'HPH)KH3H'eIHHO OKpalll HHbIX 3eJIe'HbLM RHyCOM. DTH HpouecCbl ocymeCTB- JIIiK)TCH B'O BCeX ;MHTOXOHApHHX KJIeTKH CHHXpoHHO, )xaK B eIjHHoI3, CBH3aHHOc Me}KJJy co6of3 CHCTeMe. 1. CTpyKTypHO-'(y_IKUHOHaJIbHaH 'reTepor'eH'HO'cTb npHcyuja ue TOJIbKO TKa- H'eBbI'M KJIeTKaM BbICIIIHX opraHH3'M'OB, I-JO H MHKpo6HbIM KJIeTKaM, B TOM UHCJIe m 6aKTep,HaJIb'HbI:M. 2. aH(J,CpepeHUHaumi KJIeTOtlHOPO TeJIa Ha UHTOHJIa3My 'H RApo xapaxTep- Ha H aim HCTH-HHbIX 6aKT'epHI3. Oc?o6,eH'HO OTqeTJIHBO TaKaH AH(p'(pepe'HUHaUHH BbIIIBJIA'eTCH IIPH BHTaJIbHOM JIIOM-HHeCIjeHTHO-+MHKpOCKOHHLIeCCKOM HCCJIejjO'Ba- HIIH ((jJiyopoxpoM axpHJLHH opaH}KesbII3). 3. 1-1'PH}KH3'HCH'HOe (IJJIYOPOXpOMHPOBa'HH'e 6ep6eplH-CyJII4aTOM BbIHBJIHeT y 6aKTepHfi MHTOXOHApH'e'HOJjO6HbLe o6pa3OBaIHHIi, 6JIOKHpoBaH4e KOTOPbIX 3THM aJIKaJIOHJjOM HPHBOAHT TaK}Ke KaK H y jjpO}Kxcefl K CHH)KeHiHIO OKHCJIII- TeJIbHbIX HpOIZeCCOB H OKHCJIHTeJIbHOTO C()OC(popHJIHpOBaHHA. 4. Bo3AefCTBHe 'pa3JIH'UHbIMH (IJH3HIIeCKHMH H XHiMHUeCKHMH aPeHTa,MH 'Ha M'HKpoopraHH3MbI, OCo6eIIHO HOHH3HPylOHJHMH H3JIy'eHHIIMH H paAHOMHMeTH- LIeCKHMH BelIjeCTBaMH, O6Hapy)KHBaeT OTHOCIITeJIbHO 3JIeKTHBHbIH HX 9(f (IJeKT Ha OTJjeJlbHbie KJIeTOIIHble (JYHKIjHH H 3:BeHbH 06MeHa Beu.eCTB. 5. HeKOTOpasi OTHOCHTCJIbHaH CaMOCTOIITeJIbHOCTb KJIeTOLIHbIX !)yHKUHH B O'ClIOBe KOTOpOH JIe)KHT PeTepore'HHOCTb CT'pyKTypHOR OpraHH3awlH KJICTKH, B HOPMaJIbHbTX CCJIOBHHX KoopAH'HHpye'TC1 KJIeTKOII KaK CJjHHOII I4'CJIOCTHON C~HCTe'MOI3. Fn.nb1Joe.a 1). A.' McHce.Ib M.H. H CeJIHBepcT0Ba JI.A. I'I3MCHeHHe B cTepH- HOBO,M o6MeHe ApOxc)KeBbIX OpraHH3MOB HOA BJIHHHHeM peHTreHOBbIX JIy9eN. AoKJI. Ali CCCP, 1954, T. 98, cTp. 1013. 14 M ui e H e A K H N A. A. CTpoeHHe 6aKTepHN. M3A-BO AH CCCP, 1940. I'I M m e H e u K H N A. A. 0 $U PROM annapaTe y 6aKTepHN. MHKpo6HoJiorHB, 1945, T. 14, Bbin. 2, CTp. 65. 14I M III e H e U K H N A. A. 06 apTeq)aKTax, HPIIHHTbIX 3a si. pa y 6aKTepHN. M14Kp0611OmorHH, 1948, T. 17, Bbin. 3. 14 Ni in e H e u K H Si A. A. PeueH3HH, H e m K 0 B M. A. UHTOJIOFHH 6aKTepHN. 1431-BO AH CCCP, Al., 1955. MnKpo6HoJIorHB, 1956, T. 25, BbIH. 4, cTp. 508. M e N C e.11 b M. H. H3MeHeHHe xOHApHOCOM ApO)K>KeBblx opraHH3MOB npH AblxaHHH H 6p0- )KeHHH. AOKJI. AH CCCP, 1938, T. 20, Crp. 481. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CTpyKTypHa. cbu3uonozt.q MuKpo6Bou KJteTKII 19 M e 6 c e A b M. H. PyHKI1HOHaJ1bHa51 MOpc oJ1orHA JtpommeBbiX OpraHH3MOB. H3,a-BO AH CCCP, M., 1950. M e 6 C e JI b M. H. HOHH3Hpyioiujie H3JIygeHna H KJIeTOgHbIN McTa60JIH3M. B c6.: cN aiio- 6Ho orHA>. Tp. BCeC. Hay11HO-TexH. KOHC). no npHMeHeHH[O pf J1HOaKTHBHb1X H30TO90B H H3JIygeHH6 B HapOJjHOfM XO3BHCTBe H HayKe, 4-12 anpeAA 1957 r., H3)1-Bo AH CCCP, M., 1958. M e 6 c e A b M. H. H K 0 H A p a T b e B a T. M. XOH,7pH000MHbJ6 annapaT B KAeTKax HH3WHX paCTHTeJIbHb1X OpraHH3MoB. MHKp06HOA0rHA, 1945, T. 14 Bbin. 4, crp. 244. Me 6 C e J1 b M. H. 3i K o p g a r H H B. B .JIIOMHHeCneHTIIO-MHKpOCKOnHgecKOe BbIABAeHHe HyKAeHHOBbIX KHCJIOT H HyKAeonpoTeH4OB. 61oAA. 9KCH. 611oA. H Mea., 1952, T 33, Bbm. 3, cTp. 49. At e6CeAb M.H., II0M0n[HHK0Ba H.A. H C 0 K 0 A 0 a a T. C. BAHAHHe 6AoKHpoBa- HH9 BHyTpHKAeTOgHbIX CTpyKTyp Ha paaHOyCTo6gHBOCTb KAeTOK. .[OKA. AH CCCP, 1957, T. 117, Up. 142. M e 6 c e A b M.H., I - I O M o lu H H x o B a H.A. H III a B J I O B C K H A 10. M. YrHeTeHHe .IlbIXaTeJIbHO6 aKTHBHOCTH KJIeTKH npH H36HpaTeJIbHO.M 6AOKHpOBaHaH XOHApHOCOM Hew K 0 AB M. A. L(A OJIOrMA 6aKTepHSSi. H3)1-Bo AH CCCP, 1955. C e A H B e p C T O B a JI. A. YBe.nHgeHne CH,HTe3a H HaKOnAeHHA HH03HTa ApO?KM Bb1MH opraHH3MaMH TIIOJj BAHAHHeM peHTreHOBCKoro o6AygeHH5l. MHKp06HOA0rHA, 1958, T. XXVII, Bbin. 5, CTp. 577. B r a c h e t J. et Lee n e r R. Recherches sur des particu'es, cytoplasmi ues de dimen- sions macromoleculaires riches en acide pentosenucleique. Enzymologia, 1944, v. 11, p. 196. C h a t r e n n e H. Recherches sur des particles cytoplasmiques des dimensuions macro- mo.eculaires riches en acide pentosenucleique. II. Relations avec ferments respira- toires. Enzymologia, 1944, v. 11, p. 213. Ephrussi B., Hottinguer H. et Chimenes A. M. Action de I'acrif'avine sur les levures. I La mutation t(H311ecnoco6Hblx (rpaM +) Kne- TOK; BYHKfHBHaB JIHHHB - OnbIT l; cHnonf- HaB - OMIT If. CJICHIIOCTb HOHYJIHUHII, 3aBHCIIT OT COOTHouJeHHSI McMCJ.Iy CKOpOCTbK) pa3- MHOM{eIIHA MHKPOOpraHH3MOB (C) H CKOpOCTbIO pa36aBJIeHHA KyJIbTypbI no- CTynalOLgeI3 B FIeII cpe,goIi (r) : r= F, V (14) r,ge F o603HatjaeT CKOpOCTb n0,2aIIH CpeybI B KYJIbTHBaTOp (B MJI/IIac), a v - o6-beM )KHxKOCTH B KyJIbTHBaTOpe (B MJI). KaK CJIe. yeT H3 ypaBHeHHcI (10) H (11), HpH C>r IIHCJICHHOCTb KJIeTOK 6y.aeT nOBbiLuaTbCA, npH CKaTb 6oraTy[O nHTaTeJIbHyIO cpejlV, TO BbIpOC- LUHC H3 cnop BereTaTHBHble KJICTKH 6bICTpO Pa3MHO}K3iOTCA H o6pa3yi0T CHJIO1IHb1C KOJIOHITH. CHOp006pa3oBaHH5i HpH 3THX yCJIOBHHX He npOHCXO- AHT. I-1TO6bi nOJIytHTb CHOpbi, HeO6XOaHMO BBeCTH B MnKpOKaMepy cpeay, ae- ~HIIHTHyIO no a3oTIIOMy nHTaHH10. 3aMCHy cpeji, ciieayeT fPOH3BOJUHTb lie CJIHHIKOM paHO H He CJIHIJJKOM n03aHO. \I Cl. saccharobutyricum nocJIe cMe- HbI Cpeabl 60.?IbUIHHCTBO KJICTOK yTOJILLIaeTCA, nplo6peTaf KJIOCTpHAHaJIbHyIO 4 OpMy; B HHX rlOABJIT OTCH OTJIO}KeHHA rpaHyJIC3bI, pa3.711t1HMble 6e3 IIOKpac- KH. HO 3pCJIbIX CHOP Ha TaKOII cpeay fOtITII He 06pa3yeTC51. UJI5 3aBepuleilUA cnopoO6pa3OBaHH2 Heo6X0aHMO 3Ty cpeay B HaaJIC}KaaLee BPeMA 3aMeHHTb BOAOH. I1pIi 3TOM nOaaBJ1moiuee 60JIbLHHHCTBO KJIOCTpHAHe_B IIpcBpaluaeTCSI B CrIOpbl, B TO BpeMH KaK yueJIeBLHHe BereTaTHBHble KJIeTKH ap5iXJIeIOT H JIH- 3HpYIOTC51. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O 3aK0Ho.epnoCrnx pocTa U pa36UTUu MuicpoopeaKu3M0o HpOTHBOnOJIOMKHaA KapTHHa Ha6JuoaaeTc51, xOrJZa B KyJIbTVpy, cOcTOR- ii y}O n3 CMecH BereTaTHBHbIX KJIeTOK H KJIOCTpHaHeB, CHOBa nOAaeTCA 6o- raTaA nHTaTeJIbHaA cpeJia. B 3TOM CJly iae BereTaTHBHbie KJIeTKH B0306HOB- JIHIOT pa3MHo>KeHHe H BCKOpe 3anOJIH4I0T BCe noJle 3peHHA, a KJIOCTpHaHaJIb- Hbie CJopMbl nor116aloT H JIH3Hpy}OTCA. '-ITO KaCaeTCA CHOp, o6pa3OBaBI11HXC51 B MHKpOKaMepe, TO riocae HecKoJIb- KHX AHeia BbIJiepMKFBaHHA (AAA fOJIHOiO C03peBaH11A) OHH MOryT 6bITb CHOBa npopalueHbi H UHKJI pa3BHTHA rIOBTOpeH. fOJj06Hble )Ke pe3yJlbTaTbl 6bIJIH HaMH fOJIygIeHbI C KyJIbTypO1I B. ace- toethylicus (puC. 6). PHC. 6. BHA KynbTypbi B. acetoethylicus B npoTo4HOH MHKpoKaMepe: A - Ha 6OraTOR HHTaTCAbII0I3 Cpeae; .0 - HOcne 3aMeHbl ee 6e3a30T11CT0fl cpeAOii? TaKur11 o6pa3OM, Cy1 b5a MHKpo6HbIX KJIeTOK OnpeJeJIAeTc J KaK HX HH'IH- BHJIyaJIbHbIMH OCO6eHHOCTAMH, TaK H YCJIOBHAMH OKpy)Kaloluef CpeJIbi. Pa3- BHTHe Heo6paTHMO: npeACnopOBbie ClOpMbI JI1160 J OJIMKHb1 npespaTHTbcH B 3peJlble cnopbi, .111160 HorH6HyTb. BepHyTbCA B COCTOHHHe BereTaTHBHOrO pa3- M-HOMKeHHA OHH He MOryT, a n03TO-My npn o6bl4HblX McTOJjax nOAC4eTa MKHBbIY KJIeTOK (ROOeBoM Ha arap HJIH CnoCO6OM npejlejlbHblx pa3BBe.ueHHH) oH11 6y- AyT OHIH601IHO npHHHTbI 3a MepTBble. CKa3aHHOe noATBepMKJ1,aeTCH COOTBeT- CTBYJO[flHMu OnbITaMu (pac. 7). B TetIeHne nepBb1X CyTOK pa3BHTHA KyJIbTypbl KOJIHLIeCTBO MKHBbIX (To4- Hee, Cnoc06Hb1x pa3MHo KaTbCH) KJIeTOK B npe,ieJIax TO1IIOCTH McTOJIa COBnaJlaeT C o6111HM gzcaaM KJIeTOK. Ha BTOpbie CyTKH, KOria LIaCTb KJIeTOK IIaLIHHaeT OTMHpaTb, a OCTaJIbIIble npHCTynaJoT K CHOpOC6pa30BaJIHIo, KOJIH4e- CTBO MKHBbIX KJIeTOK CTaHOBHTCH HaMHOro HHMKe o6iilii 4HCJIeIIHOCTH. B JgaJlb- IIeMmeM KOJIH ieCTBO MK11BbIX KJIeTOK nOCTeneHHo fOBbInlaeTCH, XOTH FOBOpHTb 0 B03O6HCBJIei mH pa3MHOMKeFIH51 KyJlbTypbI HeT OCHOBaHHK. OtIeBHJIHO, nOBblliieHHe CBA3aHO C TeM, 4TO HecHoco611ble pa3M11oMKaTbcH KJIOCTp11JjHH Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 npeapauza1OTCu B cnOpbl, KOTOPbIC Ha CBexcHX cpemax MoryT npOpaCTaTb H pa3- MHO}KaTbCH. Bonpoc O 6HOJIOr'H1IeCKOM 311alieHHH CHOP BbI3bIBaeT pa3HOrJIaCH5I. MHO- rHe aBTOpbI He COr.7anlaEOTC5I HPH3HBTb HX 3a (JOpMbI, 3aBepulalowHe }KH3- HCHHbIH IjIKJI 6aKTepHII (Williams, Lamanna H ap., 1952). KaK H3BeCTH0, BCHKHH }KH3IICHHbIH I[HKJI 3aKaIILIHBaeTC51 ( OpMHpOBaHHeM OCO6bIX penpo- J.IyKTHBHbIX KJICTOK - nO.AOBbIX HJIH 60CfOJIbIX, KOTOpble CJIyx(aT CB23yIOluHM 3BCHOM MC>Kay JIBYMSI HOKOJICHHSIMH. OT poAHTCJIbCKOrO Opl'aHH3Ma B IIHX uepexoAHT MHIIHMaJIblloe KOJIHueCTBO, KOMHOHeHTOB (rJIa'BIIbIM o6pa3OM, Hy- KJICOIIpOTCHaO,B), 603 KOTOpbIX C.IIeay1OnjHH UHKJI pa3BHTHH He cMOr 6bI Ha- LIaTbCH H II,ITII CBOIIM ?HopMaJlbHbIM nyTC'M. CBOHCTBa, He CBH3aHHble C 3TH- MH KoMno1IeHTaMH, IIOTOMCTBy He IICpe,7,aI0TCH H nO3TOMy He MOFVT c-u4TaTb- ('51 HfC,TICaCTBeH1lbIMH. 20 Z0 40 b0 [0O /U(/ /ZU 14U BPBMA , YUCb/ PKc. 7. PoCT Ky.nbTypbl B. saccharobutyricum B )KHJIKOH KapTocj cJ1bHoH cpe2e: 1 - 06HLa1l H111CJICIIIIOCTb KJIeTOK; 2 - 'lHC,IeHHOCTb Hpe2ICHOOBb,X H CHOpOBb[X y)OpM; 3 -- lHc.1IeHHOCTb K.7eTOK, C[IOCO611b!X lIaBaTb pOCT IIpa oipeoe'IeIIHH 110 MCTOJY Hpe01e.111'I1blX pa36aB.11eHHk. OTBeLIaIOT JIB yKa3aHHbIM Tpe'60BaHHAM 6aKTepHaJIbHbie CHOpbT? KaK y}KC 6bLIO OTMCLICHO, BO BpeM51 CfOpOO6pa3OBa1IHSI B KJICTKe npo- 1ICXOa5IT CTOJIb CJIO}KHbie nepeCTp01iKH, CBu3aHHbJe C yTpaT014 60JIbLIJCIi LIaCTH CC COACp}KHMOFO, LITO 0,71110 3T0 aaeT OCiiOBauue C6JIH}KaTb CHopbI c penpo- aVKTHBHbIMH KJICTKBMH. KpOMe TOPO, He BCe CBOHCTBa, nepeaa1o111HeCH non BerCTaTHBIIOM pa3Mllo}KCHHn (nyTeo ,te.TeHH51 H FOUKOBaHHH), COXpHHSIIOTCH 1OCJIC Cnopoo6pa30Banu51. flpHBeaCM HeKOTOpble npHMepbl. KHK H3BCCTHO, aaafTHBHble (pepMCHTbI Bblpa6aTbIBaIOTC5I KJICTKOH He cpa3y, B CBH3H C LIeM HpH iBblceBC MHKpo6oB 'Ha Cpeay 0 000TBCTCTByIOH1H- MR N'FACBoj1aMH npoHcXO7,HT 3aacp}KKa pocTa (JIar-(12a3a). UocJIe TOFU KaK KJICTKa .. r.~ Z .~..o .,...... ~, o?-..moo ., ...., ~.........~1. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 In BpeMR Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 F r' = ~== II I I I l La=E7-TM Eq I-I-F-1010 4 Q5 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PHC. 9. CxeMa pocTa H pa3BHTHH 1i3yx 6aKTepHaJlbHbIX KyJlbTyp C HHTeHCHB- HbIM (A) H ocJIa6JIeHHbIM (B) CIIOpO- o6pa3oBaHIIeM: a - nyTH pa3BHTH51 oTaeJlbHblx KJ1eTOK; 6 - cyMMapxbie JIaHHble AJIH Bcefl xyJlbTypbl. Ile- PHO1I pa3BHTHA: I - 3M6pHOHaJIbHbIfl; II -- MOJIOIIOCTb; If/ - 3peJIOCTb, IV - CTapOCTb: I - Bel'eTaTHBHaA pa3MHOxcaloll{a5IC9 KJIeTKa; 2 - npetlcnopoBaB cbopMa: 3 - K.ieTKa C AHCb- cbepeHuHpoaaHHofl Cnopofl BHyTpH; 4- cno- 60AHaH (3pe,Basl) cnopa; 5- oTMHpalQu~aa KneTxa. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BJIHHHHe yCJIOBHIi CpCJ[bI Ha POCT H ( )H3HO.TOrHtIeCKHe npoueccbl (HanpH- Mep, CF HTe3 aHTH6HOTHKOB) TaK}KC MO?KeT He COBHauaTb. B CBA3H C 3THM HeJIb3H COFJIacnTbCH C nOnbITKaMH npHypOtIHBa'rb IIOHB- JICHHC onpei~eJlcHlibIX I4OpM HJIn npHo6peTeHHe KyJlbTypOH OHpcuCJICHHbIX C1 H3HOJIOrH4CCK"IX CBOHCTB K TCM nJIH HHbIM (pa3aM pOCT1 (Henrici, 1928; Sherman a. Albus, 1923). Xou pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl aOJI)KCH ytIHTbIBHTbCH napaJIJIeJIbHO C pOCTOM KaK CHM0CTOHTCJIbHbIH Hpouecc. HmemiO H3 3THX coo6pax(eHHi-i MbI B cBOe BpeMH (HepycaniuvcKHK, 1951a) BBCJin npeuCTaB- JIeHHe 0 tIeTblpeX nepHOuax pa3BHT'HH KyJIbTypbl: 1) 3M6pHOHaJIbHbIh, HJI'H Hpuduoco6HTeJIbHbI11; 2) MOJIO;IOCTb; 3) 3peJIOCTb if 4) CTapoCTb. Hatia.no nepnoua 3peJiOCTH Ky.nbTypbl Cnopoo6pa3ylOLUHx 6aKTCpH>;i xa- paKTCPH3yeTCH HOHBJICHHCM nepBb1X HPCuCHOPOBbIX q)OpM, a KOHCIi ero - 1Ctie3HOBeHHeM pa3MHOKKaiOn1HXCH BereTaTHBHbIX KJIeTOK. HaiaJio nepaOua 3peJIOCTI( naaaeT Ha KOHCu J1OrapHCJMH1ieCKOII (pa3bl pOCTa KyJIbTypbI (pHe. 9,A), a 3aKaHtIEBaeTCB OH BO BpeMH (Ja3bI . Ha p'aC. 9,E Pa3BHTHC KyJlbTypbI 3ana3JiblBaeT: nepHOu 3peJIOCTH HaCTynaeT TOJIbKO I40 BpeMH CTaUHOHapHOII 4)a3bI pOCTa H He ycneBaeT 3aBepl1HTbCH 3a CpoK, nOKa3aHHbIi3 Ha exeMe. POCT ?Ke KyJlbTypbI B o6mix, e.nytiaix HueT B oJJnuaKO~bIX TeMnax. pOIjeCCbl pa3BHT'H5I, BeiiyLuae `K nOHBJIeHH10 HOBbIX (JH3HOJIOPHLIeCKHX CBOIICTB H 0006eHHOCTe1'i, 3ueCb Mbi paeCMaTpHBaTb HC 6yueM. HaHOMHHM JIHLUb B KatIOCTBe npaMepa, IITO npll HauJle)Kalunx yCJIOBHHX pa3BHTHH (HO Jia.IeKO He rIPH BCHKHX) B KJIeTKax CI. acetobutylicum nOCTenCIiHO BbIpa6a- TbIBaeTC1 Onpe,geJleHHal CpepMeHTHaS CHCTeMa, ualoLuaB 6aKTepHBM B03- MO?KHOCTb O6pa3OBbIBaTb aueTOH H 6yTaHOJI. AJIH CpaKTHLIeCKOrO HpOHBJIe- Hmi npHo6peTeHHOIi H-MH Cr10C06HOCTH Hy}KHbI cneUH,(J 4eCKHe yCJIGBHH cpe) bI - aIHble, TIerM B II'CpHO. 4)OpMHpOBaHHH 3TON CHOCO6HOCTH (HepycaJlHM- CKHII, 1951 6). BTOpOkI npHMep - (kOPMHPOBaHHe cnoc06HOCTH o6pa3oBblBaTb rIeHHUHJI- JIHH y Penicillium clarysogenum. Mo iouof MHUeJIHI.1 K 3TOMy Hot;TH He cno- co6eH. B. npOUCCCe pa3BHTH2 HpH onpeueJleHHbIX yCJIOBHHX Cpeubl yKa3alllioe CBOIICTBO y rlero 'ipe3BbI1IaHHO yCHJIHBaCTCH. Ho J[JIH CpaKTHtIeCKOro o6pa3o- BarIHH neHHuHJIJIHHa Hy}KHbI CBOII oco6bie yeJIOBill, B tiaCTHOCTH HeJiOCTaTOK JIerKO yCBOHeMbIX HCTOtIHHKOB C H N H CJIa6on1eJIOIIHa5i peaKUnH Cpeubl (He- poHoBa, 1958). Ha cpeuax, 6JlaronpaBTHbIx JJIH He]IHu11Jn.IHHOO6pa3OBaHHH, rJIy6Hllnblh MIIueJIHII He pa3BH3aeT KOHHuHCHocueB. Ha upyriix cpcx aX B yCJIOBHHX FJIy- 6nHHOro BblpamMBaHHH npOHCXOUHT o6HJIbHOe KOHHJ(Heo6pa3oBaHHe, HO CHH- '1e3 neHHuu3IJIHHa Hpn 3TOM nOTITH OTCyTCTByCT. TaKIIM o6pa3OM, pery.TIHpOBaHHe yCJIOBHI1 CpCJibI CJIY)RIH'r KJIIO'IOM K yn- paBJIeHH1O pa3BHTHCM MHKpO6HbIX KyJlbTyp. HpH HOCTOHHHbIX yC.IIOBHHX cpe- ubl pa3BHTHC OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha OAHOH TOtIKe, oCTaIOTCH TOJIbKO pOCT H BereTaTHBHOC pa3MII0?KCHHC KJIeTOK, KaK 3T0 6bIBaeT npH BPOTOtIHOM Ky.nb- TIIBnpOBaHHn. HpH HauJ1e}KalueM H3MeHeHHH yCJIOBHII cpeJibl KyJlbTypa Hpo- XOI.HT CTaJI.HH H nepHOubl CBOerO pa3BH'raa. IZpH 3TOM Ce pa3,BHTHe MOB(HO ]lanpaBHTh JiH6o no ouHOMy, JIH6o rio upyroMy pyCJiy. 1. PaecMOTpeHbl Ba3KHeIHlHe nOKa3aTeJIH pOCTa MHKpo6HbIX KyJIbTyp B CTauHOHapHbIX 'H npOTOtIHbIX epeuax, npHBeueHbl (iOpMyJlbl JZJIB BbItIHCJIC- HHH CKOPOCTH p'OCTa, BCJIHtIHHbi 6HOMaCCbI KyJlbTypbl H HpOJIOJI}KHTCJIbHOCTH rC'Ilepaun11. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 2. AaHbI XapaKTepIICTHKa pa3BHT11H O'T,IeJIbHbIX MHKpo6HbIX oco6eR H ue- JIbIX HOHyJIHUHH (KyJlbTyp), a TaK1Ke B3aHMOOT'HOIIIeHHC Me}Kgy pOCTOM H pa3BHTHeM. Ha npiMepe cnOp006pa3OBaHHH y 6aKTep'Hfi nOKa3aHbI CTaJ.tH13- HOCTb H Heo6paTHMOCTb npouecca pa3BHTHSI. 3. PeryaaHpySi YCJIOBHH Cpeabi, MON{HO ynpaBJISITb pOCTOM H pa3BHT1]CM MHKpoopraHH3MOB. 14 e p y c a Ji H M C K H H H. A. OHTore'HeTH9ecKoe pa3BHTHe KyJlbTypbi MaCJIHHOKHCJIbIX 60K- Tep01. MHKpo6Ho.norn5T, 1951a, T. 20, Ns 3, cTp. 205-216. 14 e p y c a a n M c K H H H. U. IIpo6JIeMa oHTorexe3a 6aKTepHH H nyTH K ee pa3pemexHlo. Tp. 1411-Ta MHKpo6Hoil. AH CCCP, 19516, N2 1, crp. 5-43. 14 e p y c a i H M C K H ii H. A. BblcTynJleH}fe Ha cHMn0311yMe. CJBA foundation: Drug resis- tance in microorganisms. London, 1957. I4 e p y c a n H M C K H ii H. 11- H P y K H H a E. A. NccJleuoaaHHe yCJIOBHH cnopoo,6pa3OBa- HHB y MaCJI5H0KFICJIbIX 6aKTepHH C nO,MOHIbIO KOJIJ1OII,11HHbIX FHJIb3. M11Kpo6Ho.torna, 1956, T. 25, Ns 6, crp. 649-658. I4 M ui e II e u K H H A. A. CTpoeHHe 6aKTepHH. H3a-Bo AH CCCP, M.- JI., 1940. K a H y H H H K O B a 3. A. H3MeHeHHe ClU3HOJIOrfHeCKOH aKTHBHOCTII Bact. DelbrOckii. M IKpo6Ho.aornn, 1948, T. 17, Ns 4, Up. 251-256. JI bI c e H K o T. 1j. Arpo6HoJtornst. Ce.nbxo3rH3, 1948. H e p o H o B a H. M. BJIHUHHe XHMHCecKOH CTpyKTypbl yrJIeBOJwOB Ha pa3BHTHe H pOCT MII- ue.nHa Pen. clirysogenum I4HMH-243. MuKpo6Ho.norna, 1958, T. 27, Bbtn. 6. II e 111 K 0 B M. A. LjHTOJIOrHH 6aKTepHH. H3,1-Bo AH CCCP, M.- JI., 1955. H H Ii a e j3 a F. B. HpHCnoco6HTed1bHaa H3MeHL1HBOCTb aueTOHo6yTHJIOBb1x 6aKTepHH B yCJIO- BHnx HenpepbinHOro pa3MHo>KeHH51. 1433. AH CCCP, cepua 6Ho.I., 1957, Ns 4, crp. 503- 508. C T p e m 13 11 C K 11 H M. O. K McTO'IHKe npO,joJi}K11Te11bHOro BH3yaJIbHOrO Ha6JIto44eHHa 3a 6aKTepnaJib11od KyJlbTypoH. MHKpo6nonorua, 1958, T. 27, No 2, Up. 250-252. . ID M a Ji b r a V 3 e n H. H. OnpeaeJlenne OclOBnbix noHiTii 11 McTO,111Ka HccJ1e;joBa,HHe pocTa. C6. , B}IOMeirH3, M.- A., 1935. B i s s e t K. The cytology and life-history of bacteria. Edinburgh, 1950. B r a u n W. Bacterial genetics. London - Philadelphia, 1953. Halvorson H. Rapid and simultaneous sporulation. The Journ. appl bact., 1957, v. 20, N 3, p. '105-314. H e n r i c i A. Morphologic variation and the rate of growth of bacteria. Ch. Thomas, Illinois, 1928. G r e 1 e t N. Growth limitation and sporu'ation. The Journ. appl. bast. 1957, v, 20, N 3. p. 315-324. Al o n o d J. Recherche-; sur la croissance des cultures bacteriennes, Masson, Paris, 1942. Nov i c k A. Growth of bacteria. Ann. rev. microb., 1955, v. 9, p. 99--1 10. P o w e : 1 J. Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of B. megaterium. Buich., J. 1953, v. 54, p. 210. Rahn O. Physiology of bacteria. Blakiston. Philadelphia, 1932. S h c r m a n J. M. a. Al b u s W. R. Physiological youth in bacteria. J. Bact., 1928, v. 8, p. 127-139. S I a t o r A. The rate of growth of bacteria. Trans. Chem. Soc., 1916, v. 109, N 1, 2. V i n t e r V. Prechod vapniku do bunck a pokles proteolyticke aktivity prostredi pii sporulaci Bac. megaterium. Ceskoslov. Mikrobiologie, 1956, v. 1, N 4, S. 145-150. VJi n t e r V. Ovlivneni tvorby spor B. megaterium citeinem a cystinem. Ceskoslov. Mikrobiologie, 1957, v. 2, N 2, S. 80-89. W i l l i a m s 0., L a m a n n a C., K n a y s i G. Symposium on the biology of bacterial spores. Bact. rev., 1952, v. 6, N 2. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 T. M. PpeHKeub u M. K. KapnenKo COOTHOWEHHE ME)KJLY 9HEPFETH'ECKI4MH 11POIUECCAMH Y HEKOTOPbIX OBJIHrATHbIX H (DAKYJIbTATHBHbIX AHA3POBOB BpoweHlle H )ibIXaHHe - 3T0 aBa 'KpaeyrOJIbHbIX KaMHH, Ha KOTOPbIX HO- KOIITCII CynIecTBOBaHHe Beero }KHBOrO MHpa> (9HreJlbrapRT, 1944). KaK H3- BeCTHO, MHOI'He MHKPOOpraHH3MbI MOryT YJOBJIeTB0PIITb CBOH 3HepreTH4eCKHe IIOTpe6HOCTH npH IIOMOIIjH npOneCCOB AbIXaHHH H 6po IIxcH no iiaJi riio abIxaTeJIbHbIX (1)ePMeHTHbIX CHCTeM H HO HX OTHO- IHeHHlO K napUHaJIbHOMy AaBJIeHHio KHcjiopoAa B03JyXa. Bce 6HOXHMII4eCKHe HCCJIeJIOBaHHH HPOBOJHJIHCb KapneHKO. HeKOTOpble pa6OTbI npOBeJeI-IbI B HaLHei JIa6opaTOpHH H IPYFIIMH COTpyJHH:KaMH (He- 11oMHSIjeH, FIaceLIHHK HAP.), HecMOTp5i Ha TO, tTO 6HOXHMHII 6HOJIorH4eCKOrO OKHCJIeHHI1 H3y4era Ao- CTaTOLIHO AeTaJIbHO, JO HaCTOIiwL[erO BpeMCHH npIMeHHTCJIbHO K MIIKpOOpraHH3- MBM FIOHHT1151 AbIXaHHe H 6po}KeHHe pa3HbIMH aBTOpaMH onpeAe.IIIIOTCA Ho- pa31toMy. TaK, CT&keHCOII (1951) C'IHTaeT, 4TO KHOCTb HX npHCH0C06.IIeTiH5I K MCHAIOIUHMCA yC JIOBHAM CyLueCTBOBaHHA. b a p p o H E. OKHCRHTeJ1bHb1e Ilpoueccbl y 6aKTepai. B KH.: KcDH3HOJIOral 6aKIepHH>, H0;1 pea. K. BepKMaHa m Fl. BHJIbCOHa, FIJI, 1954. e H H C O B a F. BIIJIHB napulajlbHoro THCKV KHCHrO IIOBITpHH Ha 3MIHV B.TaCTHB0CTe6 St lactis i B. casei. MiKpo6ioJl. >KypH. 1954, T. XVI, BbUB. 4, CTp. 64. K a p n e H K o M. H Me ,g B Ii li c b K a J1 BnJIHB aepauii Ha 6ioJioritiHi BJIaCTHBOCri ,gpi>K,'j7KiB Saccharomyces cereaisiae (paca XII) ripli BIJj110MHOMy MCTOJIi. MiKpo6io.n. >KypH., 1957, T. XIX, Bbrn. 3, CTp. 30. K o a 4 H H C b K a 11. BnJIHB 3aJII3a Ha npOHeCH MCTa6OJIi3My Cl. acetobutylicum. MIKpo6ioJI. >KypH., 1957, T. XIX, Bb1n. 1, crp. 3. JI H n In H u B. BHpo!uysarHH Ha HO>KHBHHX cepe:OBHHiax nporpirnx KJIiTHH Cl. zvelchii. Mixpo6io.1. xcypH., 1949, T. XI, Bbin. 2, crp. 72. M e in K 0 B a H. H C e B e p Ii H C. hlpaKTIHKVM n0 6HOXIHMHIi >KHBOTHbIX. I4311-BO CCOB. Hay- Ka>>, 1950. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 CooTKoUteKoe tiegio y 3HepeeTUtieCKuMu npoi4eccaMu y aHa3po6o8 45 ,M'1 H x a H H .LL SHOJIoru4ecxoe oKHCJienne. M., 1956. H e n O M H B iu a M. H M e A B H H C b K a A. Bi0J1ori4Hi BJIaCTHBOCTi BHD06HH4HX ipi3KA?Ki3 Saccharomyces cereoisiae (paca XII) npu BIAIIOMHOMy McTOAI. (HOBIAOMJIeHHB 1) Mixpo6ioJi. xcypH., 1955, T. XVII, Bbin. 3, CTP. 24. 11 a C i q H 1 K A. 3Ha4eHH14 H aHaep06i03y y )KHTTeAiaJIbHOCTi 3MIHeHHx KJIITIIH Cl. butl/ricuni Mixpo6ioJI. )KypH., 1951, T. XIII, BUR. I. CTp. 23. C T e ij e H C o ii M. McTa60.nu3M 6aKTepHN. I'1.1I, 1951. D p e H K e Ji b F. Oc.na6JieHH cpopMH Stept. lactis. MiKpo6ioJi. xcypH., 1948, T. IX, Bbin. 2-3. p e H K e JI b r. H K a p n e H K 0 M. BHB4eHHB AHxaHHB y o6JtiraTHnx aHaep06iB. MiKpo- 6H0'i. )KypH., 1953, T. XV, B. 2, CTp. 6. c6 p e II K e.n b F. Buo.norua aua3pobos H aua3po61io3. H3a-Bo AH YCCP, Kiiea. 1956. 3 II r e0 b r a p A T B. 0 B3aHM0oTHOmeHHH 7bIxauna n 6p0 Keh.Ha. Yen. coBp. 6noJi., 1944, T. 17, .Ns 3, CTp. 237. P o s t g a t e J.. Presence of Cytochrome in an obligate anaerobe. The Biochem. Journ. 1954, v. 56, N 2, xii-xii. S 1 o n i m s k i P Action de l'acriflavine sur les levures Mode d'utilisation du glucose par les mutants K}KCBbie CpeljbI - ap,O}K>KeBafl Bola, FHApOJIH3aT ApO)K- liieH, B-KOm-me'KC. PaCCMaTPH'BaH B01HpO'C 0 311aiieHHH KOHue'HTpauHH BC- IH,eCTB CpeAbl Ha 3KH3HeAe'TeJIbHOCTb 6aKTepHH, MbI HpOBeJiH na6JIioAeniia Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 4t3 3. 1'. Pa3yMoecrca. c Ac. melanogenum. H Ac. suboxydans Ha cpeAax, rAe KOHU HTpauHH cop6HTa OCTaBaJIaCb OJ.IH013 H T0i1 }Ke (10%) H H3MeH5I,`IaCb KOHueHTpaI1H5i B-KOM- nJ1eKCa (OT 0,1 Ao 2,50jp no o6-beMy). OnblTbl BeJIHCb ~B YCJIOBHAX nOBepX- HOCTHOrO KVAbTHBHpOBaHHII B KoJ16ax C BHCCeHHeM 2% HoCeBHOro MaTepHa- 20(5') / \ JIa. OnpeAeJleHue Maccbl 6aKTepHii K,aK BHAHO Ha par. 3, B onbITaX c Ac. melanogenum B nepsb1F1 riepH- oA I-Iaa60JIce HIITeFICnBHO IlapaCTaeT / B-KOMn:ieKca, pa3MIIONieHHe 6oJIbHIe BCerO 3a~jep}KliBaeTCSI ApH KOHIIeHT- t !000 - paumi 2,5%. 4epe3 24 tiaca, Hao6o- l poT, ?HMeHIIO 3Ta xoHueHTpauji o6ec- / neilHBaeT Ham6oJIbinee HaKOHJIeHHe l Maccbi 6aKTepHK. B-KOMnJIexca, 6JlarorpH51THbie AJIA pa3MH0}KeHH5I B HaLiaJlbHbIH rlepHoA, H KOHueHTpauHH, o6ecHeLIHBaIOHIHe B /Z . !6 8/m'MA, vacb/ uaniupnn, n nvnuy nydinrntsnpunannn Ileo AJIHaKOBbI. PMe. 2. Pa3MHO}KeHHe Ac. melanogl'- OHbITbI ?c Ac. suboxydans (pHc. 4) nuns Ha cpe,xax: nOKa3aJIH, LITO KOHUeNTpauH.H 2,5%p 1 - 10% cop6HTa: 2 -- 20% B-KOMnJIexca, TaK }Ke KaK 13 KyJIbType Ac. melanogenum, 3aMeAJIH T pa3- MHO>KellHe B nepBblli HepHoJ H CHoCo6CTBye'T HaKOnJIeHHIO 6OJIbHIOIi MaCCbI 6aKTepH41 B KOHue onbiTa. OAHaKo B nepBbl If riepao, JIy' 1HHe VCJIOBHA T,a6_nHUa 3 Pa3MnwIce,-uIe Acetobacter suboxydans a oicucnexue copuuma Ha cpeae c 10 It 20% cop6uma (rny6HHlIblii McTO,z) KooHLIec7iio 6aKTepHll, MJIH!MJI BpeM5I H ab,IIOJ{eH II0, 'I aCh1 20 50 465 1726 2166 2199 173't 28 247 426 1142 1652 1939 10 15,0 52,1 92,1 7,0 21,0 59,0 109,2 146,, co3AalOTC5i AJIA Ac. suboxydans fie Ha 0,5, a Ha 1,0% B-KoMnjiexca. IIpn c,u- nO?CTaBJIeHHH pHc. 3 H 4 BHAHO, LITO XapaKTep KpILBbIX pa3MH04KeHHA HeCKOJIb- Ko pa3JIHLieH. Ac. suboxydans paHbLlle HepeXOAHT K aKTHBHOMy pa3MHO}Ke14iHIO, Ho -iepe3 24 tiaca Macca 6aKT'epH1f B 3TO}II KyJlbType McHbrue, tioM y Ac. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0 sna ienuu Kont4enrpatfuu eeu{ecra nurarellbHOa cpedbt 8 12 melanogenum, 'ITO BO3MO}KHO. onpeaeJHIeTCn pa3JIF1 HeM Tpe60BaHHR MHKpO- opraHH3MOB K OTJjeJIbHbIM KOMHOHeHTaM Cpeabl. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OCO6eHHOCTeI3 MHKpKe npH pH=2,5-3,0. OH1 He pa3BHBa10TCA Ha ICHTOHHOM arape H He pa3}KH}KaIOT }KeJIaTHHy. I-IacKOJIbKO o:ipe:Ze.;IeHBol3 HBJIHeTCH XapaKTCpHCTH,Ka poAa Acetobacter, HaCTOJ1bKO IIecoBepmeHHa ewe KJIaccn4 nxaumi ero BHJIOB. HapAAy c BHAaMH, ueTKO oxapaKTepH3oBaHIIbIMIi, OTrpaHH4CHHb1MH OT upyrnx (Acet. xylinum, Acet. rnelanogenum), MHOrne onuCaHHble pa3HbIMH HCCJ1e)j0- BaTeJIHMH BHAbI CKOpee Bcero HBJIHK)TCA JIHWb pa3HOBHJjHOCTAMH HJ1n, B03- MO}KHO, MyTaHTaMH ApyrHX BHA.OB. TaKHMH KCOMHHTeJIbHbIMu> BHJIaMH, HanpHMep, HBJIHIOTCH Bact. gluconicum (Hermann, 1929), Acet. ketoge- num (YTKHH, 1937), Bact. schutzenbachii, Bact. curvum, Bact. acetigenum (Henneberg, 1926). Hocrieuune TpH BH 1H OnucaHbl KaK npe 1cTaBHTeJIH 6aKTepHH CKOPOFO cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyca. HpoH3BOJJCTBO CnHpTOBOFO yKCyca HO CKO- POMY HJIH HCMeuKOMy Cnocc6y CyLueCTByCT 135 JieT. BaKTepuH, nepBoHa- tIaJIbHO BHecemlble B annapaTbl nepBbIX YKCYCHbIX 3aBoJ oB, HpHCH0006HJIHCb K CIICUHCpHT1CCKHM yCJ1OB112M 3TOFO HCHPCpbIBHOFO HpOH3BOJ1CTBa m npHo6pe- JIn XapaKTepHble c3H3H0JIOruLIeCKne oco6eiIHoCTIl, OTJIHiIa1O1UHe HX OT JlpyrHX YKCyCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepnN. TaKHM o6pa3OM, cpeun poi a Acetobacter B03HHK- Jia H 060C06HJIaCb rpyHna 6aKT'epHH, cymeCT'ByIoIuaA IB npOH3B0ACTB'CHHbIX annapaTaX YKCYCIIbIX 3aBoAcB. BeilepHHK (Beijerinck, 1898) HepBbIN OTMeTH-T OJIHO H3 OCHOBHbIX OTJIH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 uHH 3T01 rpYHHbI -CnOCO6HOCTb paCTH B CHHTeTHL[eCKOH HHTaTeJIbHOH cpeze, coJlepxcaLueI B KaxieCTBe eJIHHCTBeHHOro OpraHnllecKOrO BeLuecTBa CHHPT HJIM yKCYCHYIO KHCJIOTy. Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH aBTOP BbILICJIHJi 6aKTepFII CKO- poro cnoco6a npON3BOBCTBa yxcyca B caMOCTOSITeJIbHb[LI BHJI, Ha3BaB era Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur). OJiHaKO B JlaJlbHeALLieM I'CHHC6epr He HpIHHJI 3TOFO BO 13I-I1IMaiIN0 H npH COCTaBJneHNH CBO'eI npaKTHPCCKOH KJIaCCHtJHKauHH yKCyOHOKHC.ibIX 6aKTepHH olHcaJI TpH HOBbIX BHJIa - Bact. schutzenbachii, Bact. curvum H Bact. acetigenum, o6'be,3HHHB Hx B rpynny 6aKTepHH CKOporo cnoco6a npeH3BOa- CTBa yKCyCa. OTJIH4HA MOpcIOJIOrFiLIeCKHX, KYJIbTypHJlbHbIX H BeCbMa MaJIO l13yLleHHbIX B TO BpeMSi cJH3HOJIOrHLIeCKHX HPH3HaKOB 3THX BMaOB Jlax{e no XapaKTepHCTHKaM caMoro FcHHE6epra CTOJIb He3HagIHTeJIbHbI, LITO nOJIb3OBa- HHC 3THMH KpMT'epH5IMH B pa60Te THO onpej'eJIeHHK) BHJIOB npOH3BO,CTBeH'HbIX KYJIbTYP BeCbMa 3aTpyAHHTeJIbHO. B COBpeMeHHO1 KJIaQCH~HKaUHH YKCYCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHH, npeJiJIO)KeH- HOi q)paT'epoM (Frateur, 1950), 6aKTepHN CKOpOrO cnoco6a He BKJIK)LIeHbI HM B OJIHY H3 rpynn, TaK KaK, HO MHCHHIO aBTCpa, CBe3IeHHSI o6 NX CpH3HOJI0- rHH OLIeHb He1IOJIHbI 11 CyLI.IeCTByJOUI,He OIHCaHHH HeJ[OCTaTOLIHbI J1JIB H, eHTH- 4)HKauHN. TaKHM o6pa3OM, 6aKTepHH CKOpOro cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyCa OKa- 3aJIHCb BpeMeHHO BHe CHCTeMbI 6aKTeprFi poaa Acetobacter. B TeLieHHe p5[Aa JIeT MbI 3auIIMaJIHCb H3ytleHHeM CJH3HOJIOFHH 6aKTepHIf 3TOi-I rpynnbI. B HaCTORmeF[ CTaTbe coo6ulaIOTCA aaHHbie co6CTBeuHbIX HC- CJIe1[OBaHHFI H l1a HX OCHOBaHHH BbIC,Ka3bIBalOTCft HeKOTOpbie coo6pa}KeHHA 0 CHCTeMaTMT1eCKOM noJIO)KeHHH 6aKTepHH yKa3aHHOH rpynnbI. B HalIIeM pacnopH)KeHHH 6biiiu LIITaMMbI Bact. schutzenbachii if Bact. curvUm, BbIJIe.IeHHble H3 annapaTOB JIeHHHrpaacKoro YKCYCHOFO 3aBOJla n KYJIbTYpbi Bact. schutzenbachii, n0J[YLIeHHbie H3 HHCTHTYTa MHKpO6HOJIOr1IN AH CCCP, a TaK>Ke OT Kacl)e3pbl MHKpo6HOJIorHH MFY (B LIaCTHOCTH, 6bi.A nOJIyLIeH .J1bBOBCKHIi IIITaMM). aim CpaBHMTeJIbHOrO M3yLieHHA MbI npOBO,aH- JIM Ha6JIIOJI'eHH5I 3a KyJlbTypaMH IPYFHX BH,JOBB, B3HTbIX n3 pa3JIHLIHbIX MHKpO- 6HOJIOrHHeCKHX ygpexKJPeHHi: Acet. melanogenum (JIeHHHr'p. BHTaMH'HHbIN 3aBoJl .N 1), Acet. suboxydans (HH-T MHKpo6HoJl. AH CCCP), Acet. xylinum (Kaq)eupa MHKp06HO.norHH JIFY) H Acet. aceti (Bcec. HH-T c.-x. MHKpo6HOJI. BACXHhIJI). CpejIH 6OJIbluorO LIHCJIa IiTaMMOB 6aKTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a HpOH3BOJ1- cTBa yKCyCa, BbIJIeJIeH,HbIX Ha?MH H3 annapaTO'B JIeHH'HrpaJICKOIrO y'KCyCH(YrO 3aBOJIa, MbI BCTpeTHJIHCb KaK C 6o iee CXOJIHbIMH c Bact. schutzenbachii, THK H c Bact. curvurn. OAHaKO pa3JIHL4IIA 3THX mBH,3OB>; HO OnHcaHMAM FeHHe- 6epra, MbI CLIHTaJIH HeCyUIeCTBeHHbIMH (JIOiuIHCKaA, 1949) N IOTOMy B )IaJlbHeFILHeM OTO6paHHble JIJIA HCCJIeaOBaHHA I-UTaMMbI HMeHOBaJIH Bacterium schutzenbachii. (DopMa H pa3Mepbl 6aKTepHH HCCJIeAOBaHHbIX IIIT3MMOB Bact. schutzen- bachii H Acet. aceti, KBK BbUACJIeHHbIX HaMH, TaK H fOJIyLICHHbIX OT AiYFHX yglpe)KJIeHHH, CHJIb,HO H3'MeHAIOTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTaBa rHTaTeJIbHOH Cpeilbl. B COJIO3OBOM cycjle co C1MpTOM OHM KpynHee, LICM B M1IHCpaJIbliOn CHHTCTHLIeCKOH cpejle CO CHHpTOM, rJle (})OpMa Tex H JlpyrHX npH6JIH)KaeTCA K wapOB[I3HOH (JIJIHHa 1,2-1,8 11, WHpHHa 0,8-1,0 fit). IIpH peIIIeHHH BonpOCa 0 no,2BH)KHOCTH H XapaKTepe }KryTHKOBaHHA y HCCJICayeMbIX 6aKTepHLi OKa3aJIOcb, LITO KJIeTKH Bact. schitzenbachii IIMCJOT OJIHH f0JI51pHbIF NKryTHK, KaK H HMeIOIIZHICA Y HaC IMTc^.MM 6aKTCpHH Acet. aceti. Cpe3HAA JIJIHHa )KryTHKa Acet. aceti 11,7 fit; Bact. schutzenbachii (UJTaMM JIFY)-12,1 i,L; Bact. schutzenbachii (JIbBOBCKHi3 1IITaMM)-11,7 II (IIa6JlloJIeHH51 Ca4 pouOaOH) (pnc. 1). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 hJCC.neu0Ba;IHbHe HaMH xy.IIbrypbl Bact. schutzenbachii n Acet. aceti BB OT- .IHgHe OT JipyrIX BH gOB yKCyCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHII (Acet. xylinum, Acet. inelanegenum H Ac. suboxydans) npeKpacno paCTYT B CHHTeTHHeCKHX cpe- ,Zax Foiepa, beHepxxxa, cpaTepa (BH,Jon3MeneHHOli Foliepa) Co CnnpTOM HJIT C yKCyCHOI1 KHCJIOTOii B KageCTBe eJwHCTBeHHO'ro Opra,HH4ecKoro coe,gH- 1IeHHB. POCT 6aMepuIi HJIH CFO OTCyTCTBHe B CHHTeTH'TeCKOii epege Fofepa PHc. 1. Bact. schutzenbachii B CHHTeTH4ecKo % MHHepaJIbHo i cpeAe CO CI1HpTOM HCIIO.TIb3yIOTCB KaK IIHar'HOCTH9eCKHN nPH3HaK B KJIaCCHq)HKa1 HH yKCyCHO- KHCJIbIX 6aKTepHIi. OJiHaKO MbI XOTHM no.anepKHyTb, 'ITO J(HarHOCTHtieCKOe 3Ha'eHHe CJ1eJIye'r npHiIaBaTb CH0006HOCTH 6aKTepHti HcnOJIb3oBaTb B 3TOFi CHHTeTHneCKO11 cpeue B Ka'eCTBe HCTOLIHHKa yrJiepo a CHHPT HJIH yKCycHylo KHCJIOTY, a He aMMOHHIiHbie COJiH (Bergey, 1948; KpaCHJIbHHKOB, 1950). AMMOHHFiHb1e COJ!H HCnOJIb3y1OT MHOFHe YKCYCHOKHCJIble 6aKTepHH nPI1 HaJIH'11H B nHTaTeJIbHOIi cpeae CoeuHHeHH1i yrJIepo.aa 60Jiee CJIO>KHbIX, 'ieM 3THJIOBbI1i CHHPT H YKCYCHaf KHCJIOTa, H HeO6XOJjHMbIX HM BHTaMHHOB H BHTaMHHOn0JLC6HbIX BeuueCTB. HeKOTOpbie 143 HHX Cn0006HbI TaK}Ke HCHOJIb- 30BaTb 3THJTOBbI1i cnHPT KaK HCTO1IHHK yrJlepoua, HO JIHHIb npH Ha.IIH'THH B cpejie nenTOHa HJIH HeO6XOJiHMbIX HM aMHHOKHCJIOT (.Janke, 1957; Shimwell, 1957). BaxTepHH cxoporo cio;.o6a - Acet. aceti m Bact. schutzenbachii OTJIH- BIa1OTC T OT .apyrHX YKCYCHOKHCJIb!X 6aKTepH1i TeM, LITO OHM Moryr HCHOJIb3O- BaTb B KOHC'IPYKTHBHOM 06MeHe CHHPT HJIH YKCYCHYIO KHCJIOTy B Ka'-IeCTBe HCTOLIHHKa yr,nepoaa H aMMOHHNHble COJIH - B Ka'IeCTBe HCTOLIHHKa a30Ta. J1y'IHIHMH COeJ1HHCHH2MH a30Ta aJIB HHX CJIy}KaT, HO aaHHb1M BaCHJIbeBa H LIIaHIicKcfi (1938), acnapa1HH H q)OC(pOpHOKHCJIbTfI aMMOHHR, a nO IIaIIJHM Ha6'IK);ICHHBM,- (p OCCpOpHOKHCJIbI13 H CepHOKHCJIbIIi aMMOIIHI'I (.ilOiiuBH- cKaB, 1955). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 cu3uonozu$ 6akTepuu ckopoeo cnoco6a npou36o(9crea yiccyca 55 Pa3BHBaRcb ma nOBepXHOCTH 6yKOBbIX CTpy}KeK B annapaTaX yKCyCHbIX aBO,1OB, 3TH 6aKTepHH B yCJIOBHHX HenpepbIBHoro npOH3BOJjCTBa cHa6>Ka- IOTC5i a3OTOM, Cj)OC4)OpOM H cepoii B q)opMe MHHepaJIbHbIX coileIi, a B Kage- CTBe HCTOgHHKa yrJiepoj a peryJIHpHO HOJIylialOT TOJIbKO 3THJIOBbIIi CHHPT H yKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTy. ao6aBJIeHHe O,-IeHb MaJIbIX KOJIHileCTB cycJra, KOTOpoe HHOPJIa HPOH3BOI,HT Ha yKCyCHbIX 3aBoaaX, o6oraiuaeT rHTaTeJIbHyIO Cpeay pOCTOBbIMH BCHjeICTBaMH. Pe3ynbTaTOM npHCr10Co6JIeHHH K 3THM yCJIOBHHM HBJIHeTCH TO, TITO Acet. aceti H Bact. schiitzenbachii yJIOBJIeTBOpRIOTCH aMMOHHfiHbIM a30TOM, a jIy,I- UJHMH HCTOLIHHKaMH yriepo,ga aJ151 HHX HBJIHIOTCq 3THJIOBbIIi CIIHpT H yKCyC- Ilaa KIICJIOTa, I'I3 Hero B03HIIKaIOHjaH. C 3TIIM, n0-BHJIHMOMV, TaK}Ke CBH3aHa IIOLITH IIO.TIHaH R0Tepa CHOCO6HOCTH IICfOJIb3OBaTb yrJIeBOabl, B TOM TIHCJIe H rJI1OK0:3y, H MHOrOaTOMHble C:IHpTbI KaK HCTOTIHHKH yr.nepoaa B KOHCTpyKTHB- HbIX IIpoujeccax. POCT 6aKTepHil RPM HCH0JIb30BaHHH 9THJIOBOrO CHHpTa JI OHCXOaHT BO MH3rO pa3 HHTeIICHBHee, LIeM RPM HCnOJIb3OBaHHH rJIIOKO3bI (Iofu lllcKan, 1955). HaH6oJlee aKTHBHOe pa3MH0}KeHHe 6aKTepHH Ha6JIIOJjaeTCA TOraa, Koraa B CHHTeTHTIeCKOIi fHTaTeJIbHOIi cpeae cOJjep}KaTcH otleHb He6oJIbHIHe KOJIH- HCCTBa 3THJI0'BOFO CnHpTa - 0,05-0,1 %. OHTHMaJIbHble JJIH pa3MHO}KeHHH 6aKTepHIi yCJIOBH 1 06eCne1IHBalOTCSI MPH nHTaHHH. HOCJIe HoceBa 6aKTepHH B MHHepaJlbHyIO Cpeay KOJ16bI HAM npo6HpKH C KyJIbTypOH noMelualoT B 3KCHKaTOp, Ha aHO KOTOPOrO HaJIHBaIOT HeCKOJIbKO Kaneilb CnHpTa. HCnapslloWHIic I CHHPT HOCTeneHHO pacTBOpsleTC51 B KyJIbTypaJIbHOH .}KHJ KOCTH, H 6aKTepH'a nojiylialOT BO3MO}KHOCTb ero HCHOJIb3OBaTb. EOJIbIIIHe KOJIHgeecTBa CHHpTa H yKCyCHOIi KHCJIOTbI TOPM03IT np?ouecc pa3,MHO}Ke'HHH 6aKTeplf. HpH 'HHTa-HHH CHHPT pacTBoopHeT- C5l B }KHJIKOCTH nOCTeneHHO, H o6Hjee KOJIHLIeCTBO erO He npesbluiaeT 0,05- 0,1 %; yKCyCH01i KHCJIOTbI 06pa3yeTCH COO'IlBeTCTBeHHO OLIeHb MaJIO, 1l OHa TaK}Ke fOCTeneHHO noTpe6JI5leTCSI 6aKTepH9MH. ECJIH npH HaJIFI HH B HHTa- TeJIbHOIi cpeae 3% CnHpTa ypo}Kali 6aKTepHH B 15 MJI CpeabI COCTaBJI5leT -Iepe3 ,gBoe CyTOK 1,6 Mr, TO npH nHTa'HHsl Acet. aceti H Bact. schi tzenbachii XopOHIO HCHOJIb3ylOT TaK}Ke nponHJloBblli CHHPT, yKCyCHyIO H npOHHOHOByIO KHCJIOTbI. McTHJIOBbI1i H 6yTHJIOBbIIi jCnHpTbl H MypaBbHHaH H MaCJISIHa5l KHCJIOTbI HMH He yCBaHBaIOTC51. ) pyrHe H3pIaBIHHec.9 HaMH 6aKTepHH-Acet. melanogenum H Acet. suboxydans - B yCJIOBHSIX Kx eBO1i Boae ceia6rai pOCT Ha6JIJOaaeTCH TaK}Ke 3a CLieT HCnOJIb3OBa'HHR ckpyKr03bI, apa6HHO3bI H raJlaKT03bI. OTH'OIIIeHHe Acet. aceti m Bact. schiit- zenbachii K HCKOTOPbIM COefHHeHHHM yrJiepoaa HCnbITbIBaJIOCb HaMH II B C.IIe- JIyIOHjHX OnbITaX. l5aKTepHH BblpaHjHBaJIHeb B yCJIOBHHX HTTaHHH B KOJ16aX c 15 MJi CHHTeTHgIeCKON MHHCpaJIb-HOK Cpefjbl. HCTOHIIHKOM yrJTepOaa 6bIJi BliatIaJlc 3THJIOBbIII CHHPT. I-lepe3 JIBOe CyTOK noCJIe KOHTpOJIb- 1101-0 Onpc,ge,ICHna CVXOrO BeCa 6aKTepnri HULL 6aKTepIaJlbubie niellicH Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ,g016aBJISIJIHCb 1 % -Hb1e paCTBOpbI apa6HH03bI, FJIIOKO3bI, raJIaKT03bI, (ppyKTO3bI, caxap03bl, MaJIhTO3bl, JIaKT03bI, r.nHuepHHa, cop6HTa H MaHHHTa. I pH KOJI6bI OCTaBaJIHCb KOHTpOJIbHbIMH: OHH nOMeIUaJIHCb B YCJIOBH51 nHTaHHR, T. e. B 3KCHKaTOp, Kyaa BHOBb /ao6aBJIHJIOCb 0,1 MST CrHpTa. L-Iepe3 LIeTBepo C TOK onpeue.nfl.-icsl ypowaH 6aKTepHH (cyxof Bec). B Ta6JIHue r1pH- BOJI1TCR JUaHHbie OAHOr0 H3 TaKHX OnbITOB. Yeenuuenue ypoican 6atcmepuu npu ao6aanexuu K aeyxcylnounou Kynbmype Baet. sehutzen tuchii neKOnlopblx cpeanuvecKux cceauxeHuu (cyxou eec 6aKmepuu do ao6aaneuust 2,2 me) Apa6HH03a . . . . . . . FJIlOK03a . . . . . . . . ra.laKT03a . . . . . . cIpyKT03a . . . . . . . Caxapo3a . . . . . . . MaJIbTO3a . . . . . . . JlaxT03a . . . . . . . . r.niwepnn . . . . . . . COp6HT . . . . . . . . KOHTpOJlb: eB033yLHIIOe>> nHTallue - CfHpT . . . y'renH4eHHe yroacasl mr % 0"-'0 0,50 0,50 0,60 0,60 0,30 0,30 1,10 0,80 22,7 22,7 22,7 27,2 27,2 43,6 13,6 50,0 36,3 1,13 gaH'HhIX Ta6JIH'LIbI cJIeJ[yeT, LITO npa ao-6aBJIeHHH yFJIeBOJIO'B H MH'Or0- a'rOMHbiX CHHpTOB K KyJIbType Bact. schutzenbachii, HeCMOTpR Ha xajiagae HeKOTOpbIX OCTaTOLIHbIX KOJIHLPeCTB YKCYC'HOH KHCJIOTbI, pa3MHOMKeHH?e 6aKTe- pHH npOHCXOJIIIT OLIeub BRJIO, Macca HX yBeitHLIHBaeTCH B CpejHeM Ha 20-- 30%, a ripH JIo6aBJIeHHH OfTHMaJIbHbIX KOJIHLIeCTB 3THJIOBOFO CHHpTa - Ha 170%. TaKHM o6pa3OM, Ha OCHOBaHHH HaLnHX HccjieHOBaHHH MOMKHO caeJraTb BbIBO,j 0 TOM, LITO ,JIyLIHIHMH HCTOLIHHKaMH yrJiepo. a ASR Bact. schutzenbachii RBJI511OTCH BTHJIOBbIH CHHpT, yKCyCHaiI KHCJIOTa, npOnHJIOBbIH CHHpT, nponHO- HOBaR H MOJIOLIHa5i KHCJIOTbI, oco6eHHO HaTpHeBaR COJIb noCJIe 1HCii (JIOH1I9H- cxax H Tpoulai-io3, 1906). Bact. schutzenbachii MOMKCT 6b1Tb OTHeCeH K rpyn- ne JlaKTO(pHJIbHbIX 6aKTepHH, no BpayH H PaIH6ay (Brown a. Rainbow, 1952), KyJ1a 9TH HccJIeJ.1,OBaTeJIH OTHOCHT H Acet. aceti. B KoHcTpyKTHBHbIX npoueccax 6aKTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a npOH3BOJICT'Ba yKcyca npuHHMaeT yLIacTHe TaKMKe yrJlepoJl. yrJIeKHCJIOTbI, LITO HaMH yCTa- HOBJieHO B OnbITaX c MCLIeHbIMH aTOMaMH. Ha16o.nee aKTHBHO (~HKCaIIHR VrJIeKIICJIOTbl npOHCXO,IIIT B HCpFI0,7 aKTHBHOrO pa3MHOMKeHI1H 6aKTepHH B CHHTeTHL1ecKOI4 MHHepa.7bHOH cpeue CO CHHPTOM (JIOIIHIHCKaH, 1958). B pe3y.llbTaTe AJIHTeJIbHOFO CyuIeCTBOBaHHR B npolI3BOaCTBeHHbIX yCJIO- BHRX, o6eaHeHHbIX pOCTOBbIMH BeLUCCTBaMH, npOH30WeJI oT6op 6aKTepHH, cnoco61-1bIX CaMOCTORTeJIbHO CHHTe3HpOBaTb BCe He06Xo]IHMble HM pOCTOBbie BeLUeCTBa H KOMnOHeHTbI (pepMeHTHbIX CHCTeM. TaKHM o6pa3OM, B03HHKJIa ayKCoaBTOTpo(lHR 6aKTepHH CKOporO Cnoco6a npoH3BOACTBa yKCyCa. Ha 3aBOAaX CnHpTOBOrO yKCyCa npOH30WeJI OT6op 6aKTepHH, Hau6oJiee aKTHBHO OKHCJIIIOIIIHX CHHpT, B pe3yJIbTaTe KOTOpOFO COBpeMel-lHble 6aKTe- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ca3UOJLOeuft 6atcrepua cxopoeo cnOcO6a npouseodcrea ytccyca 57 pHH CKOpOI-O Cnoco6a nPOH3BOACTBa yKCyca 5IBJI5IIOTC5I BecbMa aKTHBHbIMH KHCJIOT006pa3OBaTeJiRmH. B HPOH3BO4CTBeHHbIX YCJIOBH51X OHH JTa1oT JIO 14% yKCyCHON KHCJIOTbI. OKHCJreHHe CHHpTa YKCyCHOKHCJIbIMH 6aKTepHHMH MO}KeT paCCMaTpH- BaTbCH Kax j3VXOa3JIbIfi nPOI1;ecC: nepBag (Ja3a - OKHCJIeJIHe CTIHPTa B yK- CyCliylo KHCJIOTy H BTOpHH (Ja3a - OKHCJIeHHe yXcyCHON KHCJIOTbI 10 Vr:ie- KHCJIOTbI H BO2bI (Haehn, 1956) . Bce YxcVCHOKHCJIble 6LKTepHrl B TOH HJIH HHON cTeneHH Cn0006- HbI OCyiHeCTBJIRTb nenByio ()a3y, HO JjaJIeKO He BCe MOryT OCy- IueCTB,ISITb BTCDy}O (nepeOKHC- AeHHe). Cnoco611OCTb K Ocyu ecr- BJIeHHIO BTOpON (pa3bI HCHOJIb3y- CTC9 B CHCTeMaTHKe YKCyCHOKHC- JIbIX 6aKTepHN KaK O'jHH H3 Cy- HjecTBeHHbIX KpHTepHeB ,ijJI51 pa3- jjeJICHH51 BHJOB pOJ(a Acetobacter (BepJTx{H, (PpaTep). BaxTepHH CKo,poro crioco6a HPOH3BOJjCTBa yxcyca OKHCJIIIIOT yKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTV, TOrJja KaK Acet. melanogenum H Acet. suboxydans, OKHccISIIomHe, XOTSI H OgeHb BHJIO, C:7HpT, He Cnoco6- HbI K nepeoKHCJIeHHio. Ha pHc. 2 npeJjCTaBJIeHO HaKO:riJIeHHe yK- CyCHOF[ KHCJIOTbl HpH OKHCJIeHHH CHHpTa B aPoxcmeBOf BO.Ke pa3- HbIMH BH;jaMH YKCVCHOKIICJIbIX 6aKTepHN. Torja Kax 6aTTe mm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 /0 /r BpenfA, cymtru CKOpOrO Cn0006a npOH3BO jCf, PNC. 2. OKHCJIeHHe 3THJIOBOrO CNNpTa N yKcVc- yxcyca noTpe6jigIOT o6pa3C)Baiia xoli KNCJIOTbI 6aKTepNSIMH PO ja f~CetObaCtCi: Hy1O HMH VKCyCHyIO KHCJIOTy, J - Bact. aceti; 2-B. schiitzenbachii (JII Acet. melanogenum m Acet. sub 3 - B. schutzenbachii (~Tl 4 - Acetobact ct. OxydanS ee HP_ rICnOJIb3VIOT metanogenum: 5-A. sub oxydans. . BaKTepHH CKOporo CHOCO6a HPOH3B04crBa yxcyca oTJIHHaFOTCH OT Jjpy- rHX YKCVCHOKHCJIbIX 6aKTepHN BbICOKON BbIHOCJIHBOCTbIO K KHCJIOTHOCTH OKpy}Karo[1j('i CpeJjbl. DTO C'BONCTBO eCTb pe3yJIbTaT np1CfOco6JIeHH$I K TeM yCJIOBHSIM, KOTOphie C,03JjafOTCH B armapaTax YKCYCHbIX 3aBO,r oB, rte 9TH 6aKTepHN - aKTHBHb1e KHCJIOToo6pa3o'&aTejIH -'HaKanJIHBaIOT 3HauH- TeJIbHble KOJIH'TeCTBa yKCycHOfi KHCJIOTbI. JIOJiHHcKa, H Bo4aposa (1956) CHe11HaJrbHO HCCJIeJoBaJIH BOHp'OC 0 BJIH5IHNH pH nHTaTe.IbHOI CpeJjbl Ha pa3MHO}KaIOTCfi npH 3HaileHHH pH, paBHOM 2,5 H 7,9. HIiTepeCeH TOT HeHo, TTTO ,'j7SI pa3BHTNH I3 MHHepajIbHON CHHTeTHYeCKON cpe) e, co,gep}Ka- weN 3% CHHpTa, OHTH:MaJIbHbre YCJIOBHB C03)jaIOTC5I H,pH HCXOJHOM 3HaHeHHH pH, paBHOM 4,5-5,2. 3HaHINTeJIbHO Me,IJIeHHee 6aKTepHn pa3MH0}KIOTCH npH 3HageHHH pH, paBHOM 2,5 H 7,9. I4HTepeceH TOT q).-XT, 1TO B yCiTOBHHX, 3aTpygHHTeJIbHbIX jiIH pa3MHcNKeHHft 6aKTepHN, KaJ B o reHb KHCJIO:M paiOHe pH, TaK H B HjeJIOTIHOM Ha6JIIo,jaeTCH HaH6o- Jiee BbICOKaH OKHCJIHTeJIbHaH aKTHBrIOCTb 6aKTepHN, MaKCHMaJIbHOe KOJIHLIe- CTBO yKCyCHON KHCHOTbl, o6pa30BaI-IHON B 9THX OnbITaX OJ HHM MHJLJIHOHOM 'aKTepHil npH pH, paBHOM 2,5, COCTaBJIHe.T 310 Mr B 100 Mil cpeJlbr; HpH pH, paBHoM 4,2 - 88 Mr, a HpH pl-I paBHO:M 6,9 - 380 Mr. 3TO MO7KCT OTHaCTH Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 06'b5CHHTb Ty BbICOKyIO OKHCJIHTeaIbHyIO J e 1Te.TIbHOCTb 6aVTepHH, KOTOpaH Ha6JIK)AaeT051 B aOn 14 p npoHCXO IHTHb A nO BHAHMOMYA KpanHe MciiieIIHOa BCeA3 o~lellb 3aTpyAHel P CTBHe BbICOKHX KOHII,CHTpaUHH yKCyCHOH KIICJIOTbI H CnIIpTa. Bbllne MbI yKa3bIBaJIH, 4ITO 6aKTepnH cKopOrO cnoco6a, note:iHBHIHCb B annapaTaX yKCyCHbIX 3aBOJI,OB, noTepHIJIH CHO006HOCTb HCHOJIb3OBaTb yrJ1e- BOAbI H MHOroaTOMHble CnHpTbl B KaHCCTBe JL CBeHHO 1AOCTbFO TKU OKnaeHnlo poAa B KOHCTpyKTIIBH0M o6MeHe. McKAY TeM, 3THX BeIIIeCTB OHH coxpaHHJIH. 1Zp1 HaJIHLIHII B rHTaeJIbHOH CpeAe J OCTyn- HOPO JIJIR HGnOJIb30'BaH1IH B KOHCTpyKTHBHOOM o6McHe coeAHHC,HHO yrJTepHI3Aa aK- 9THJIOBOrO CnnpTa, yKCyCHOH HJIH MOJIOTIHOLI KHCJIOT (0,1-0,01 %) - THBHO OKHCJISIIOT rJ1I0KO3y B rJIIOKOHOBYiO KHa TBY. MbI B I , 410 B OHHH. JIeHHH rJIK)KO3bI B rJ11OKOHOBYiO KHCJIOTY y Y (~0pHble 11pH OKHCeHH1I FJ1IOKO3b1 OTMbITbIMH KJIeTKaMA Bact. schatzenbachil Ao6aB- 0eHHe K (lH3noJlor1UecKOMy paCTBOPV (POC(pOpHOKHCJIbIX Coe i yBeJIH4HBaeT KOJIHUeCTBO 06pa3y!OUICI3: A rJIIOKOHOBOH KHC.OTbI 60.nee 4CM B 10 pa3 (,J10H- u51HCKa51 H UleJIKyHOlBa, 1956). FJIIOKOHORaH KHCJIOTa OKHCJIHCTCSI Bact? schatzenbachii B KeTOr?H ByIO. DTO yx{e coo6HlaJIOCb B pa6oTe Pa3yMOBCKOH H BacHJlbeBOH (1956) H nOATBep K eHO HaMH B OnbITax CO BeMH n3y4iaBHInMHCS1 Ky.bTypaMu Bact. schatzenbachll. MHOrOaTOMHble CnnpTbl TaK)Ke OKHCJISIIOTCSi Bact. schiitzen- bachii B COOTBCTCTBYIOIAHe KCTOCOeAHHeHioi. MbI Bb1pau 1BaJIH 6aKT OBNSiB APoK)KeBOH BOAe CO CnHpTOM B KaueCTBe HCTOUIIHKa yrJlepoaa B y > rlHTaHHSI, a 3aTeM n0A 6aKepHaJlbHble nel-KU JIo6aBJ1SIJIil paCT'BOpbI rjIHuepHHa, cop6HTa JIH a HHTa H Ha61 o acon6HTa BFI o1 e 0K11C- JIeHHe BTHX MHOPOaTOMHbIX CnHp III.eHHb1e 6a'KTepHaJlbHbie nJIeHKH npOH3BOAHJIHCb TpoeKpaTHO tlepe3 ABoe CyTOK. MbI y6eJIHJIHCb B TOM, LITO KOJIo geCTBO cop'603bI Henpe'pbIBHO Hapa- CTaJIo npH O4IeHb He3Ha1IneJIbHOM yseJIH4eHHH KOJIHHeCTBa 6aKTepHaJlbHbIX KJIemeHHH MorYOT UCyu1,eCTBJ1SITb H e pa3MHo>KaK)1RHeCHl3a C4eT03THX coT eAH H- HeHHl1 6axTepHH. CYMeCTBeHHbIM AHarHOCTwIeCKHM npl43Ha'KOM 6axTepHH, no(Dpa~o ' 51BJIHeTCB TaKxce HX CIIOCO6HOCTb OKHCJISITb JIaKTaT KaJIbIIHHI AO y ~ H BOAbI. prIPH a3y1 T R KPHCTaJiJIIbI CaCO3 b Bce CH3ygeHHbleVPHaMH IHTaMMU Bact. o6aoact. schutzenbachii axTHSno oxncJ15110T Jle an apaTe axaTa- McJIa. Bce OHH Ta'K)Ke HMeIOT B cBoeM PMexTaTxsxoM .nary. OJlornH 6axTepHH cxoparo TaKHM o6pa3OM, no.iyHeHHble aaHHbie no (pH3H oporo cnoco6a n'poH3BOACTBa yKCyCa AOKa3blBaloT HaJI1TIHe Y cx rHX c HCHOKnCJIIIX oco6eHHOCTeH, cylueCTBeHHO oTJinnalolunx Hx OT APY YKCY' 6axTepHH. O6oco6JieHHe rpynnbl 6axTepHH cxoporo cnoco6a npOH3BOJICTBa yxcyc , O1IeBHAH'o,a a sa~ C b3TOFO nBpeMeHHa nOCOTOHHHb m HMe Tao6H0Ta0HHeMO 6aKKepMH 135 a JIeT H A CTaJIH PpOH3BOACTBeHTIble annapaTbI yKCYCHbIX 3aB01,10B. yCJlo'BHSI cyLil,eCTB - BCCoBHHHOBTOMy aunapaTax 14 B 06-bMCHIITTbo TITIbIKTIO-BCII AMY BCCX 3aBOJIBOA 6a'K1'epnH TCX (PH3HOJIOrHHeCK1IX 0006CHHOCTeH, THXOBIbAOBTp 1AC~Oba pCr CKOpOFO cnoco6a npOH3BOACTBa yKCyCa oT Upy OAa e3 Jacter. DTn (~H3HOJI0ruge0KHe oco6eHHOCTH BO:3HHK.H y 6axTepHH B p Y eCe'CTBeHIIOFO OT60pa KaIC npICnOC06JICH14C K VC.'IOBHMM nX IOCT051HHOFO McCTOo6HTaHH54. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OU3uoAoeuR 6akrepuu ckopoeo cnoco6a 11pou3u0dcr6u yxcycu 59 MbI pa3JIeaHeM MHeHHe KyapSIBLIeBa (1954) 0 TOM, qTO npa onpefjeJleHHII CHCTCMaTHgeCK0r0 HOJIO}KCHHSI MHKPOOPraHH3MOB HeO6XOJiHMO ygHTbIBaTb }7CJIOBN5I HX HO'CTOHHHOPO Me0T006HTaHH39 H HpH,jaB3Tb 00060e 3HalieHHe TeM HpH3HaKaM, KOT'Opble B03HHKJIH B pe3y.nbTaTe npHCH0006.TeHHSl HMeHHO K 3THM yC.10BH5IM. HpH cxopOM CnoCo6e HpOH3BO,.jCTBa yKCyca nHTaTeJlbHaA cpeJja, B KO- TOpON HOCTOHHHO cyLuecTByfOT 6aKTepaH, COJje'p)KHT B KageCTBe HCTOLIHHKa yrJIepoJja 3THJIOBbIfi CHHpT H YKCyCHyIO KNCJIOTy, a B KagecrBe HCTOgHHKa a30Ta - JINIIIb MHH.epaJlbHble ero coe,1 HH'eHHH. baKTepHN CKOpOFO Cnoco6a HPOH3BO,jCTBa yKCyca HpHcn0006HJIHCb 'K HCHOJIb3oBaHHIO He TOJIbKO B BHep- reTHgeCKOM, HO H B KOHCTPYXTHBHOM o6MeHe OTHOCHTe.,1bIIO ?HH3KOMOJIeKy xp- I-IbIX COe,L HHeHHA, npNO6pe.,ia CHO006HOCTb CHHTe3HpOBaTb H3 BTHX npOCTbIX opraHNgeCKHX BeuieCTB H MHHepaJIbHOro a30Ta Bee Heo5xojjHMoe HM ijm }KH3HeHHbIX Hpoue?cCOB, B TOM 'Hcjie n Bee cpepMeHTHbie CHCTeMbI. OHJ'I He HoJlygafoT peryJlupHO rOTOBbIX BHTaMHHOB H BHTaMHHonoJjo6HbIX BeLLIeCTB, B pe3yJlbTaTe gero y HHX pa3BHJIacb ayKcoaBTOTpo(JHB. baKTepHN cxoporo cHOco6a nPOH3B0,jcTBa yKCyca B 3Ha0HTeJIbHOfI CTe- neHH fOTepfJIH cHOC,),6HOCTb HCHOJIb3OBaTb B 'KOHCTPYKTHBHOM 06MeI-Ie 6ojiee CJIO)KHble OpraaHgecKHe BeLgeCT'Ba - yFJIeBOJjbi H MIIOPOaTOMIIble CHHpTbl HpH coxpaHeHHH CBOIiCTBeHHOfi, OgeBHJIHO, HX nperiKaM CH000,6HOCTH OKIICJIHTb yrJleBOJjbI, Kap6oHOiBble KHCJIOTbi H MHOrOaTOMIIble CrIHpTbI. OHH nPH?CHOCO6HJIHCb x cyIL[ecTBOBaHHfO B YCJIOBHSIX OgeHb BbIC'OKOft KHC- JIOTHOCTH cpeJIb1 (11-12% yKCyCHOII KHCJIOTbI). HCKJlfogaTeJIbHO BbICO'KBH aKTHBHOCTb OKHCJIeHHST BTHJIOBO'FO CnapTa Hpa pH, paBHOM 2,5-3,0, CBOf3- CTBeHHa5i 6aKTepHH.M CKOpOro Cnoco6a nPOH3BOJICTBa yKCyca,- TaK}Ke pe- 3yJIbTaT np1CnoCo6JIeHHH H eCTeCTBeHHOrO OT6opa. TaKHM o6pa30M, nPOH3OHJJIO 06?oco6JleHHe 6aKTepHII eKoporo cnoco6a nPOH3BOJjCTBa yKCyca 13 BO3HHKHOBeHHe BHAa Acetobacter aceti, KOTOpbIH H J3OJI)KeH 6bIJi, no MHeHHIO BeItepH,HKa, o6'begHHHTb 6axTepHH CKOporo cno- co6a npOH3B0JjcTBa yKCyca. 143ylieHHe M,HO}KeCTBa KyJlbTyp 3TOIi rpynnbI, Onpe4jeJIeHHbIx HaMH, no ToHHe6epry, KaK Bact. schiitzenbachii, Bact. curvum 'H Bact. acetigenum M 6ojiee yrJIy6JIeHHoe cpaBHHTeJlbxo?e H3ytIeHHe (pH3HOJIO'rHH Bact. schiitzen- bachii H Acet. aceti y6excz aeT B TOM, zTo 6axTep,HH cKOporo enoco'6a npoH3- B?OJjCTBa yKCyca aOJI}KHbI 6bITb, no KJIacCH(JJH'KauHH (PpaTepa, BKJIIO,4eHbl B rpynny mesoxydans H oTHeceHbl K BHJjy Acetobacter aceti. BbIBOAbI 1. baKTepHN CKOporO clioco6a HPOH3BOJ1cTBa yKCyca npe1ICTaBJISHOT co6O1-T o60006JIeHHy}o rpynny, 06JIa)IaIouiyfo cnelja(IHgecKHMH c)H3HoJiorHtIe- CKHMH C'BONCTBaMH, B03HHKIHHMH H yCHJIHBINHMHC,9 B pe3yJlbTaTe npHcnoco6- .IIeHNH 6aKTepH4 K oco6bIM YCJIOBHHM HX nOCTOSIHHOrO MecToO6HTaHHSI B an- napaTax yKCyCHbIX 3aBOJIOB. 2. B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM 06MeHe 6aKTepNH CKOpOrO Cnoco6a HpOH3'BO,ijCTBa yKCyca HCPOJIb3y!OT CnHPT H yKCyCHyiO KHCJIOTy B Kaq-IeCTBe HCTOgHHKa yr- JIepo,aa H aMMOHHcIHbie COJIH - B KageCTBe HCTOlHHKa a30Ta. Oiin He Hy>K- ,jafOTCSI B FOTO'BbIX BHTaMHHaX H BHTaMHHonoJIO6HbIX BeIue'cTBax H SIBJIAIOTC$i ayxcoaBTOTpocpa.MH. 3. DTHJi0,BbIH CHHpT, yKCyCHaHI KHCJIOTa, nPOH14JIOBbI1[ CHHpT, npOHHOHO- Baa H MOJIO4I1aB KHCJIOTbI BBJIHIOTCH J[J1H 6aKTepHH CKOPOrO cnoco6a HpOH3- BOJICTBa yKCyca JIyuLHHMI! HCTOrI!HKaMH yrJlepo, a. OHTHMaJIbHbie JjJIH pa3- MI10}KeHHSI 6aKTepai yCJ10'Bmi o6ecHeg,HBaIOTCSI HPH HaraIIHH, Kor,ja KO111jeHTpaLT,HSI JICTYgHX BCILIeCTB B IIHTaTeJIbHoii cpe,le He npeBbIHjaeT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0,05-0,1 %. Yr.neB0,7,bI H MIIOroaTOMHble CnnpTbI MaJlonparoJIHbI A J151 nHTa- H1H 6aKTepH9 CKOpOrO cnoco6a npOH3BOJICIBa yKCyCa. 4. Cpeilu poaa Acetobacter 6aKTepH14 CKOpOrO cnoco6a npo'H3BOIICTBa yK- CyCa BbI. eJIaIOTCSI ilpe3'BbIga1FHO 60JIbIHOId aKTHBHOCTbIO npOHeCCOB O'KHCIIC1IH2 CnnpTa 11 VKCYC'HOH KHCJIOTbI, a Ta'K>Ke BbflIOCJIHB'OCTbIO K BbICOKOH KHCJIOT- HOCTH OKpy Ka10IIIen cpeLIbI. OHn CHOCo6HbI TaK>Ke OKHCJISITb FJIIOKO3Y B I-AIOKOHC'BY1O KHCJIOTy, FJ1IOKOHOBYIO KUCJIOTy -B KeTOrJIIOKOHOBYIO H MH'0- roaTOMIible cnnpTbl - B COOTBeTCTBYIOLU.II0 KeT0COep,nHe111 . 5. Ea'KTepnn CKOp rO cnoco6a npoH3BO,JCTBa yKCyCa HMeIOT B CBoe (jjepMcIITaTHBHOM anra ale KaTaJia3 n OKHCJ1910T JIaKTaT KaJIbU,a51 Tto y KHCJIOTb1 H BO. bI. 6. EuHHCTBO 6HOJi0rngCicKnx oco'6eHHOcTel3 6aKTepHH CKOpOrO cnoco a npo113BO,aCTBa yKCyCa Tpe6y'CT npn3HaliI9 npnHagJie>KHOCTH BCex 6aKTep14H -)TON rPynnbI 'K BH,K Acetobacter aceti. JIIKyp Up. 63. K p a c t i.9 b H H K 0 B H. A. OnpeaeaalTeJIb 6aKTepHH H aKTHHOMHUeTOB. 143A-B0 AH CCCP, 1950. K y a p a B u e B B. Id CNCTeMaTNKa apoxc>Ke9. 143a-B0 AHo N CPx 1954TepNH. I7IOJIJI. T2XH. JIoAUaaCKaa M. C. 0 CMemaHHbIX KyalbTypax y y HH(popMauaa MHHHCTepCTBa oHIU npoM. CCCP, 1949, N? 6, cTp. 25. JI 0 H U a H C K a a M. C. HCnoab3oaaHNe rJIIOK03bl 6aKTepH5iMn CKOPOrO cnoco6a np0H3B0 L- cTBa yKCyCa. MIHKpo6HOJIOrHN, 1955, T. XXIV, Bbin. 5, cTp. 598. JI O H U H H C K a a M. C. nNTaHHC 6aKTepHH cKopOrO cnoco6a np0H3B0acTBa, yKCyCa. MHKpO6NOJFOrHB, 1959, XXVIII, B. 1. CHOKHC.IIbIX 6axTepHH. BeCTH_ JI O H U. B H C K a a M. C 0 3Ha ieHNN yraaeKNCJIOTbl aaa yKCy JIeHHHrp. yH-Ta, 19586, Ne 9, cTp. 66. o Ha pa3MHO>KeHHe H oKHcaeane OCnipa H. H. Ta Bactteriiumnschutzenbachii. Y. 3an. JII Y, N1956, N2 216, cTp. 80. JI O H u q H C K a a M. C. H T p o m a H 0 H 3. U. Hcnoaib3oaaHxe MOJIOgHOH KHCJIOTb1 yKCyCH KHCJ1biMH 6aKTePHBMH Yq. 3an. JIT'Y, 1956, N2 216, cTp. 89. o a xa pa3Mxo>KeHHe FI JI 0 H U B H C K a a M. C. N III e A K Y H 0 B a C. A. BJIHRHNe ocp OKHCJIHTeaabHy'o aKTHBHOCTb Bacterium schiitzenbachii IIpH 14Cn0JIb30BaHHH CnHpTa II rJIIOK03bl. Yq. 3an. JIMY, 1956, N2 216, CTp. 98. P a 3 y MOB C K a a 3. F. H B a c n ,i b e B a 0. A. 06 OKHCJIeHHH rJIOOKO3bI yKCyCHOKHCJIbIMIl 6aKTeOHAMH. Yq. 3an. JIFY, 1976, NO 216, CTp. 57. Y T K N H Jl. M. 0 HOBOM MHKpooprauH3Me 113 rpynnbt yKCyCHbIX 6aKTepHH. MHKpo6HoJIo- rHU, 1937, T. VI. Bbin. 4, cTp. 421. B e'i j e r i n c k M. Ober die Arten der Essigbakterien. Zblt. fur Bact. Abt. II, 1898, Bd. 4, S. 211. B e r g e y D. Manual of determinative bacteriology, 6 ed., 1948, Baltimore. Brow n G. a. R a i n b o w C. Nutritional patterns in acetic acid bacteria. J. of Gen. Microb., 1956, v. 15, N 1, p. 61. H a chtig H.g der Ess ggaru gBD ehBranndtweinwirtschafts 9men 56uBdr78, N dj9 eSBe97c sl H e n n e b e r g W. Handbuch der Garungsbakteriologie, 1926, t. II, Berlin. H e r m a n n S. Bacterium gluconicum, cin in der sogenannten Kombucha vorkommender Spaltpilz. Bioch. Zlschr., 1929, Bd. 205, N 1-3. S. 297. F r a t e u r Y. Essai sur la systematique des Acetobacters. La cellule, 1950, t. LIII, N 3, p 287. J a n k e A. Znr systematik der Essigbakterien Ztblt. f. Bact. Abt., II, 1957, Bd. 110, N 21-25, S. 728. K I u y v e r A. a. van N i e l C. Prospects for a natural system of classification of bacte- ria Zblt, f. Bact. Abt. II, 1936. Bd 94, N 19-`23, S. 269. Le if son E. The flagellatioi0and taxonomy of species of Azetobacter. Ant. v. Leeuwen- hoeck, j 1954, v. 20, p. S h i m w e 111'. The true significance of Hoyer medium in the differention of Acetobacter r,,., J. Inst. Brewing, 1957, v. 63. P. 44 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 H. 51. Becenoe, 3. T. Ky3ne1 oea O (bH3HOJIorH4ECK0N POJIH OBPA3OBAHHSI MOJIOgNON KHCJIOTbI FOMOIEPMEHTATHBHbIMH MOJIOgHOKHCJIbIMH BAKTEPHSIMH (HHCTHTyT MHKpO(HOJ1orH4 AH CCCP) 1Zo BOnpocy o poJIH 6poxceHHH AJIA pa3BHT145I MHKpOOpraHH3MOB Cyute- CTByIOT pa3.mgIibie TOgKH 3peHHH. HaH6ojiee CTapan Ta TOLIKa 3peHHH, CO- rJIaCHO KOTOpOI3 6pO KeHHH IjeH'HbI AJIH OpraHH3Ma TOJIbKO C'BOe11 9HeprHefl H HpOAyKTbi 6poaceHHx HH B Koef Mepe He HCHOJIb3yJOTCH MHKpOOpraHn3Ma- mH (KOCTbIge,B11914, 1937; CTe(peHCOH11951). COBepLHeHHO HPOTHBO'HOJIO>KHbIM HBJI51eTC5I MHeHHe TaycoHa (1940), cLIH- TaROUteFO, LITO AHCCHMHJISILJJJOHHble npoueccbl npeACTaBJISIIOT C060ii nepByio fOArOTOBHTe.nbHyfO CTaAHIo nepeCTpoi KH nHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLueCT'B cpe thI B npo- .AyKTbl, KOTOpble HCHOJIb3yIOTC51 B CHHTeTHLIeCKHX HpoueccaX KJIeTKH. HpH Ha- pyUIeHHH no KaKHM-JIH60 npHLInHaM CHHTeTHLIeCKIIX npoueccoB npoMe KyTOil- Hble npOAyKTbI HpeBpaIIleHHH HHTaTejIbHbIX BeLueCTB He HCHOJIb3yloTCH HJIII HCnOJIb3ylOTC51 B McHbluec Mepe. B pe3yJlbTaTe npOHCXOAHT HaKonJIeHne 13 CpeAe Taxax npOAyKT0B, KaK CHHpT, MOJIOLIHa5I H MaCJI51HaH KHCJIOTbI H Ap. TaycoH npHXOAHT K BbIBOAy, LITO npouecc 6po>KeHHSI eCTb CJICACTBHe KHe- yAaBmerOCH CHHT#'3a>. 1-101.jo6HOro we B3rJI51Aa -Ha npouecc 6po)KeHH51 KaK Ha OTKJIOHCHHbI1 06MeH BeHjecTB npHAep}KHBaeTCH H (DOCTep (1950). OAHaKO, Ka'K H 60JIbLUHHCTBO ApVrIX HCCJIeAOBaTeJIefI, OH CLIHTaeT, LITO HpOUecCbI CHH- Te3a Tpe6ylOT AJIH CBO'erO OCyLueCTBJIeHHH 3HeprHH OKHCJIHTeJlbHbIX np0uec- COB. TayCOH >Ke (1935, 1945, 1946), OCHOBbIBa5ICb Ha CBOeM 9KCnepHMeHTaJIb- HOM MaTepHaJie, OTpHuaeT pOJIb AbIXaHHSi H 6p0}KeHH51 KaK IICTOLITIHKOB 3HCprWH AJI51 CHLiTeTHLIeCKHX npoueccoB. B 3TOM OTHOIUeHHH er'O B3rJ1AAbI CO- BHaAaIOT C MHeHHeM KJIIOIiBepa (Kluyver, 1930, 1931 rr.). B HacTOHLuee BpeMR LUJCJIO CTOPOHHHKOB caMonpoa3'BOJIbIIorO TeLIeHH5I CHHTeTHLIeCKHX npo- HeccoB yBeJIHUHJiocb (JIonyuJancKHe, 1955; Winzler a. Baumberger, 1938; Siegel a. Clifton, 1950 Hap.). 3a noc.me, HHe 20 JIeT HaKOnHJIocb 60JIbuice KOJIHLIeCTBO MaTepHaJIOB, no- Ka3blBaIOInHX, LITO B pe3yJlbTaTe npoueCCOB AbIXaNHH H 6po>KeHHH o6pa3yIOT- C51 BeUWCTBa, HAywrIe Ha HOCTpoeHUe TaKHX BaxcHbIX KOMHOHeHTOB KJIeTKH, KIIK 6ejIKH, }KHphI H yrJieB02bI (KanjiaHCKHII H 1LLMepjIHHr, 1945; BbinlenaH, 1948; BeceJloB 11 ACJIaHOB, 1952; Bece:IOB H JI#BaueBa, 1954; BecejIOB, JIe- BaaeBa H (I)pOJIOBa, 1955; Meyerhof, 1925; Fromageot a. Desnuelle, 1931, 1935; Barker, 1936; Sonderhof a. Thomas, 1937; Cori, Schmidt a. Cori. 1939; Stier, 1939; Gottschalk, 1942; Kleinzeller, 1948; Sewell a. King, 1954; White a. Munns, 1954; Wilner a. Clifton, 1954; Fink, Krebs a. Lech- ner, 1939). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 H3y4'eifue npOUCCCOB aCCHMHJIHHJ1H y pa3JIHTT'HbIx reTepOTp3(jHbIX MHKp'O- opraHH3MOB HMeeT 6oJIbuioe 3Ha4eHHe, TaK KaK AaeT BO3MO}KHOCTb 6JIH}Ke HOAOFITH K BbIHCHeHHIO HCTHHHbIX B3aHMooTHOmIeHH13 Me}KAy npoueccaMH ac- CHMHJI5IUHH H AHCCHMHJISiUHH. 1leCMOTp5I Ha 06HIHpHyIO JIHTepaTypy HO B'OHpOCaM acCHMJIJIHUHH y MH- KpOOpraHH3MOB B npouecce AbIXaHHSI H 6poXKexn51, 1JI5 MOJIO4HOKHCJIbIX 6aKTep'HH HOA06HbIX AaHHbIX HeT, ec iii He CT-IHTaTb HCCJIeAOBaHHH BaH-1-1HJISI H AHAepcoHa (Van Niel a. Anderson, 1941). 9TH aBTOpbI, HCHOJIb3y5I meTO- AHKy MaHOMeTPH4eCKHX 'H3MepeHH13, He Ha6JI10AaJIH accHMHJIHUHH BO BpeMH c6pa}KHBaHHSI caxapa B CyCneH3HH OTMbITbIX KJIeTOK Streptococcus faecalis. OAHaxo, no yxa3aHH5iM L1.1anOIIIHIIKOBa (1948), c6pa}K'HBaeMaa rJIIOKO3a Mo- }KCT noTpe'6JJHTbca MOJI'OIHOKHCJIbIMH 6aKTepHHMH Ha CHHTe3 KJIeTO4HOFO BeI1!eCTBa. 3KCIIe'pHMeHTaJIbHO AoKa3aTb yIaCTHe npoMe}KyT'oIIHbIX npOAyKTOB c6pa- }KHBaHHSI y'raeBOAOB B cHHTe3e KJI'eTOLIHOFO B'eluecma HpH JIIO6oM npouecce 6p0}KCIIH5I O4eHb TpyjHO. McT'o, )Ke pa ioaKT'HBHbIX HHAIIKaTO'POB, ycHeHIHO npHMeHnCMbIH B Tc'4eHHe n'oCJIeAIfero AeCHTHJIeTHH B (JH3H0JI0rH4eCKHX H 6Ho- XHMH4CCKHX H'CCJIeAOBaHH51X, H03BOJ geT npoCJIe4HTb ABH}KeH'He BeIUeCTB H3 CpeAbI B KJIeTKY H H3 K.JIeTKH O6paTII'O B cpe4y 6e3 HaPyiueHHSI HopMaJIbHOIFI 4)H3HOJIO[HH pa3BHT142 6aKTep,H11 H OCyLueCTBJIHe'MOTO HMII 6p0}KCHHH, C03Aa- BaB, TaKHM O6pa30M, 3KCnepHM'eHTaJIbnble B03MO}KHOCTH HCCJIeAO'Ba'HHa o6- MeHa Ben eCTB y MOJIO IHOKHCJIb1X 6aKTe'pHH. B CBH311 C BTHM UOJib HaCTOH!ueIt pa60TbI C0'CTOSIJIa B onpejeJIeHHII nPH IOMOHZH McIeHbIX aTOMOB cTeneHH B'KJII04eH'HH c6pa)KHBaeM01i rJIIOK'O3bI B 6aKTepHaJlbHyIO MaCCy HpH pa3BHTHH B yCJIOBHSIX 6poxceH'HH. METOANKA AJIH BbInOJIHeIIHH noCTaBJIeHHbIX 3aaaTI HCO6XOAHMO 6bIJIO noAo'6'paTb Ta- KHe cpe;ibl AJI5i KyJIbTHBHp'oBaHHA 6aKTepHni, KOT'0'Pble n03BOJIHJI1H 6bI JIerKO onpeAeJIHTb HpOAyKTbI 6po}KeIIHH, y4HTbIBaTb 6aKTepIaJIbHyI0 MBCCy H oTAe- JISITb ee OT CpeAbI. TaKHM YCJIOBHHM MOPJI'H yAO'BJIeTBOpSITb TOJIb'KO HPO3Pa4Hble CpeAbI, He couep}KaIIUie B3BCIIIeHHbIX 4aCTHu, a 'noCJIe HPOBCAeHH5I Ha HHX 6po}KeHHH - He Aaioiu e ocaAK'OB, KOTOPble MemaJIH 6bI OTAeJIeHHIO 4HCTOH 6aKTetPHaJIb- HOI1 MaCCbI. CHIITeTH4ecKHe CpeAbI, HaH60Jiee oTBe4a1ou),He 3THM yCJIOBHSIM, He MorJiH 6bITb 14CnoJIb3oBaHbI, TaK KaK J JIR Bact. Delbruckii OHH 04eHb CJIO}KIIbI (Pa- 6oTHOBa,1947). B CBH3H C BTHM MbI 'oCTaHoBHJCHcb Ha CCTeCTBeHHbIX cpeAaX, B KOTOpbIX B Ka'ICCTBe H,CTo IHHKa a30T'HCTbIX BeLL CCT'B H 4JaKTOPO'B pO'CTa CJiy}KHJI OTBap COJIO,aOBbIX pOCTKOB. ,EJKeHHB, vacbl c6poxceHHOro caxapa, % o6pa3oBasmell- CH MOJIOHHOII KHCJIOTbI, % 06Hlee KOJIB- 4e(TBo 6aK- TepHll, MJIH/MJI c peAbl Ko944 pa 3M H 6aK HIlHeHT O>KeHHH TepfII 0 38 1 0 0 0 121 3,2 `2 0 3 0,1 0,1 138,2 3,6 4 0,18 0,2 620,0 16,3 6 0,7 0,8 2167 57 12 2,71 2,74 3657 96 24 4,94 4,78 4570 120 48 6,3 6,0 4787 126 72 6,58 6,3 4780 126 noTpe6JIeHHe 113 cpe&bl a30THCTbIX BeLUBCTB. 3T0 6bIJ10 npoBepello B oTIblTax, rA.e OnpeAeJIHJIOCb yMeIlbufCHHe paCTBOPHMbIX a30T14CTbIX BeLue'CTB B cpe?I,e Ha pa3HbIX 9TanaX pa3BHTH51 KyJIbTypbI npH O1HOBpeMeHHOM yLICTe KOJIHLIe- CTBa c6p0}KeHHOrO caxapa H o6pa3OBaBuIeI1C5I 6a'KTepHaJIbH0H Macebl. Ho- CJIeAHSIR npH 3TOM y4IHTbIBaJIaCb no CyXOMy Becy. 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HpH Co iepx{aHHH yrJiepo.a 'B r.nlOKo3e, paBHOM 40%, a B 6eJIKax H a30THCTbIX BeI e'CTBax - 52 %, BK,IIOge1I14e yrJlepOAa c6pa}KHBaeMol t FJI1OKO3bI COCTaBHT: 52 X 15348 X 100 52 X 26974 X 100 40X 145000 _ 24 % - AJIH 6HOMaCCbi BTOpOCO onblTa. TaKO1 HeBbI'COKHH npOljeHT BKJIIOTIeHHH paAHOaKTHBHOrO yrJlepoaa c6pa- }KHBaeMOII FJIIOKO3bI B 6eJIKOBy1O 4)paKl['H1O a30THCTh1X BeljeCTB KJIeTKH CO- rJlacyeTcH C oTMe'IeHHbIM CpaKTOM He3HatIHTeJlbrIoIi paAHoaKTI1!BHOCTII 6aKTe- pHaJIbHO1I MaCCbI B BepHOA ()OpMHpoBaHHH ee 3a C4 T a30T'HC'rblX n'pOAYKTOB cpeAbl. HOHBJIeHHe paAHOaKTHBHOro yrJIepoj a B a30THCTbIX BenjeCTBax npu c6pax{HBaHnH C14-rJIfO'KO3bI 5IBJIHeTC51 pe3yJIbTaTOM HCnOJlb3oiBaHHH npOAyK- TOB pacna)ja yrJleIBOAOB npa MOJIOTIHOKHCJIOM 6poxceHHH Ha CHHTe3, a TaK)Ke yKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, tITO npOUeCCb1 CHHTe3a a30TllCTbIX BeHjeCT'B npH pOCTe '6aK- TepHi1 npoTeKalOT B TeCHOcI CB51311 C npoueccoM c6pax{HBaHHH yFJIeBOAOB. ECJI$ Ke AOHyCTHTb, 'ITO a30THCThie BeH[eCTBa 6aKTep13aJIbrIbIX TeJI CHIITe- 3HpyIOTCH TOJIbKO as ctieT a30THCTbIX KOMHOHeHTOB CpeAbl, TO paAHOaKTHB- HOCTb 6aKTepHaJIbIlOIf MaccM, HOJIygeHIIOil B OAIIOM H3 onbITOB (Ta6JI_ 3), 6y,L eT paBBox 67 X 1154000 = 870 698 HMH/MHH Ha 1 r. 88,8 ,J19 BTOporo OnbiTa COOTBeTCTByROHjaH Be.11MI1Ia COCTaBHT 67 X 3087000 88,8 - = 2 329 155 HMBJ MIIH Ha 1 r. Bojiee HH3KaH paAHOaKTHBHOCTb, HaiAeHHaH B OnbITax MO)KCT oblTb O6'b- HCHeHa TOJIbKO TeM, 'ITO CHHTe3 a30THCTbIX BeWeCT13 KJICTKH CBB3aTI c Hepe- -- = 13 00 - AJiH 6HOMaccbI nepBoro OliblTa, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CTpOHK01i a30T1'CTbIX Beme.CTB Cpejjbl Hp'H HenocpeJjCTBeHIIOM y'tiaCTHH B 3TOM npoi eece Hpo. yKTOB c6pa>KIIBaHHx y'rJIeBOjjoB. yMeIIbHICIIHC K KOIIIjy 6po>Keooa paAHOaKTHBHOCTIi 6aKTepHH, BblpalUeH- HbIX Ha CPC AC' C Me'iCHbIM a'BTOJIH3aTOM, H0-'BHjjHMOMy, CBH3aH0 C iHCHpCpbIB- HO npOTeKaiOIUIIM 06MCIHOM BCWCCTB Me>KJI KJICTKOH ii epejjoM, a TaK>Ke c HaKOIu c1IiICII B 6aKTepIIaJlbHbIX TCJIax HO MCpC HX CTapCH'HB 6e3a3OTHcTbIX BOTILCUB fI >KIIpOB 3a C CT npoMexKyTo HbIx npojyKTOB c6'pa>KHBaHH5T yr.ne- BO,IIOB. KOTOPble B ZaHiibIX onbITaX 6bIJIT HpeACTaBJIeHbI HeMCt1CHOIf rJTIOK030H. BbiBOA bI 1. R nepobrii Hepao;j ToTIOgHOKHC oro 6po>KeHHR, J Thll IIHC5I OT 6 jo 12 tiac., HpOTCKaOT IIIITCHCHBHOe pa3MHO>KCIIHC 6aKTepnil Ha c~oIle c a6o- Bblpax:eiiHoro c6paxKHBaHH5I caxapa. 2. I4IITeIICIIBHOC pa3MHo>KCHHe 6aKTCpHH COHpOBO>KJjaeTCH MaKCHMaJIb- HbIM 11OTpe6JIeHHeM a30TIICTbIX BCLIjCCTB cpe,bl. Ha6JIiolafomeCCSI VBeJIHtIe- HHe co cp>KaTIHSI a30Ta B cpe,oe K KOHgy 6po>KeHH5i, HO-BH;I,HMOMY, CB513aJIO C Bbu eJIeHHeM KaKlix-To a30THCTLAX COC, HIIeHHfI 6aKTepHaJIbHO14 KJICTKOH. 3. Caxapa HJIH HpoMeX{yTO''IHbI2 HpOJjyKTbl Hx c6pa>KHBaHH5I HCH0JIb3y- IOTCH ira 611oCHIIT03 6aKTepHaJIbiIO1-I MaccbI, Hpo C6pa>KIIBaHHH rJIIOKO3bI, Me- IfCHHOff C14 no BCCH yrJlepOAHOH Ijejil, MCT-IeHbIH yr.iepoj BXOIIHT 'BO ace CO- CTaBHbrC IIaCTIl 6a'KTepIIaJIbHO}i KJIeTKII, B TOM IIHCJI,e H B a30THCTIIe BCIIICCTBa. OTHOHIelirie paJIHOaKTHBIIOCTH 6aKTeplfa.-IbIIOi! MaCCbI K paloo- aKTIIBIIOCTII c6pa>KIiBaCMbIX yrJ eBO;IOB COCTaBJ1OCT 42,8-49,6%. 4. foTpc6JlaeMble a3OTIICTbie_ BeWe'CTBa Cpe;ibI nepeCT'paHBafOTC51 B a3o- THCTbIC BeIIjeCTBa K.7IeTOK C y1IaCTHCM C6pa>KHBaeMbIX yr.7ICBOAOB. PaJIHoaK- THBHOCTb a30THCTbIX BeLIeCTB 6aKTepHaJIbH0If MacCbl, o6pa3yioluei4CB B CpeJ~e, rjje B KatieCTBe C11111CTBCHHOrO IiCTO1HHKa pa,Tu.IOaKTHBHOro yr iepoJ a 6b1JIH McHefibie a30TTICTble BeHtOCTBa, K KOHUy 6po>KCHIIB nOHH>KaeTC51, COCTaBJI5I5I npH 3TOM 48,5-55,0% OT pa IIOaKTHBHOCTH a30TIJCTbIX Ben eCTB cpeAbl. fIOHH}KCIIHC paJjlloaIKTHBII,OCTH CB5I3aHO C IICHOJIb3OBaHHCM npOMe>KyTOtI- HbIX Hpo.KYKTOB C6pax(HBaIIHSI caxapa, Ilpe; CTaBAeHHOr'O B Jja'HHbIX onhiTax HeMeHICllOil FAIOK030i0, Ha CIiliTe3 a3OTHCTbIX Be11 eCTB 6aKTepHaJIbHOIi KJICTK'II. 5. 141ITeHCHBIloCTb nJIaCTrIIICCKOro o6MeHa y pa3BHTOH KyJIbTypbI, HOCTaB- AC11110H B yCJIOB'H5I OTCyTCTBIISI pa3MIIO>KCHH5T, npH 6p0>KeIIHH JaOCTaTOq!HO BCJIITKO it COCTaBJIReT OT 9 Jjo 18%. 6. HOJIyt1eIHlbie jaTIIIbie HoKa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO OKOJIO HO.IOBHHbI Be_IIjeCTna 6aKTep'iia.1b110II KJTCTKII HOCTpoeHO 3a CIICT yFJICBO,JOB Cpe,'jbf. CJIeAOBaTC.IbIIO, npouece c6pa>KHBaHHo yr.TIeao'joB jag roMo(j)epMeIITaTHBHbIX MOJIOtIIIOKHC- AbIX 6aKTCpHf)1 HB,11OeTC51 TaKH`MI npoueCCOM, B pe3ymbTaTe KOTO,POFO 06pa3y- IOTCH HpOMe>KyTOHIIIbIC BCLUeCTBa, HAyIJHe Ila nocTpoCHHC 6aKTepiaJlblloii K.+ICTKI I. JillTEPAT YPA B c .1 0 c p c K H ii A. H. n H P 0 C K y p n K 0 B H. H. HpaKTnoecKoe pyKOBo ICTBO no 6HoXII- MHII paCTeHnhi. H3,1-BO , rlpOBO;i,IIBWIII1CC5I C)KCMCC.94HO B TeneHlle 1956 H 1957 rr. (COTpyA- HnuCH HanIero HHCTIITyTa CTCHaHOBOH), HO'Ka3aJIH HeKOTOpbie KO.ne6aHHH B ?il'O COCTaBe. KOJIw-ICCTBO CyXHX BCLIICCTB B M07OKe 6blJI'o CaMbIM HH3KHM B BeCeHHIIC (11,18-12,15%) H 1lan6oJIee BbICOKHM B OCeHHHC H 3HM11HC MCCR- LjbI (Hanlllas C CeliTB6pH - 13,08-14,6%). 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CJIC,jOBaTeJIbnO, CHOCO6IIOCTb MHKPOOPraHH3MOB K ra30O6pa3oBaHHIo HC HaX0,L1IT'CII B np5MOH 3aBHCHMOCT'H OT cOAep>KaIIIIR yKa3aaIlbIX BeI1 ecTB, HO BO3M0>KHO, 'ITO nOCJIe, HHe HrpaIOT 113BeCTHyK) p'OJIb. 3TO npe,LwHOJIO>KCHne 'aCTI1OHO nOATBep>KJIaeTCR 6o,,-ice aK- THBIIbIM ra3006pa3OBaHHeM y BCeX TpeX 'KyJIbTyP Sir. paracitrovorus IIa MO- JIOKC C (kepMbI , KOTO'pOC OTJIn'IaJIOCb OT MOJIOKa /C (jCpMbi 6OJIbIIHM co-Aep>KaHneM CyXHX BCLUeCTB H 6e.TIKOB (CCHTR R Pb: < p - >KaH> - 14,90/0 CyXHX BCH eCTB; >- 12,08%). Bonpo'ca O TOM, KaKHX B?U eCTB HC XBaTaeT B MOJIOK? B BeCeHHnH fC?HOJ, K HC'My AO'6aB.TI5 II4 FJIIOK03y, raJIaKT03y, JIa'KT03y, JIHMOHHOKHCJIbILI Harp H cOJIH MOJIO'IIio KIICJIOTbI. OaHa,KO 310 HH B OAHOM CJIy'-Iae Ire y'CHJIHIBaJIO CHO- co61I0CTII KyJlbTyp K ra30o6pa3oBa11HIo. Ho BBe_. eHHe B MO,1O'KO ;ICC 2TbIX AD.-10i! HpoUCIITa Apo>KKeBOrO aBTOJIH3aTa, Bbl'TH>KKH I13 npopocrunx x:ie61IbIX Bepell ioIH Apyr'HX npenapaTOB, 60raTbIX q)aKTOpaMH poCTa, HoBbIHlallo Hpo- AygHpO3alIIIe rasa io ypoBHM, KoTOpbili MbI no.IIytlaJ1u Ha JIygLUeM M010KC B 1eT1I1H nepiiOJj. HOHn>xenllc CH0006HOCTH Ky.nbTyP K ra3oo6pa3OBaIIllio B1,I- 3Baiio, nO-BHAHMO'My, HCAOCTaTKOM B MOJIOKC (1)aKTOPOB poCTa. 3TO, B CBOIO 0tICpC,1b, CB513aH0 c o6CAHe_HIIC'M KO'pMOB B KOHU0 CTOH 70BOrO Hepuo, a (~aK- TOpaMH poCTa (Co.ayH, 1944). 14TO6bI BbIRCHHTb, HPH KaKHX TCTOIIIILKax yrJicpoua LUTaMMbI Sir-. paracitrovorus o6JlaaaloT CHO'co6IIOCTbIO npo:IyIIHpO- BaTb ra3, 6blJia B3RTa cnHTeTHyecxaH cpeAa (COCTaB epeAbl B %.: KH2PO4 - 0,5; Na2HPO4 - 0,2; MgSO4 -- 0,1; NaC1 - 0,1; NH4C1 - 0,1; (NH4) 2SO4 - cJIeAbI; FeC13 - cJ1eabl, neHTOH - 0,5; ApOK>KeBOfl aBT'oJI14- 3aT - 2; pH-6,8), K KOTOPOH Ao6aBJIRJIH JIaKT03y, rJIIOKO3y, ra.IaKT03y (no 1% Ka>KAOH) H 0,3% JIHMOHHOKHCJIOrO HaTpa, a Ta'K>Ke CMeem 3TIIx B0- I[eCTB. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BnuRHue KeKOTOpbIX (/3aK70poa Ha CGOCCCT6a MOaOKKOKUCIIbIX CTpefTOKOKK06 75 HCCJIeAo'BaIIHA HOKa3aggH, TITO Ka}Kjbli H3 9THX nCTOg11HK0,B yr?Tepoaa B OT, CJIbHOCTH He AaBa:I V,2OB:1-eTBopBTeJlbxblx pC3yJIbTaTOB - KO.JIIhIeCTBO ra3a 6bL:7o 111111TWKHbIM (pne. 2). CoBepweJlJlo HHax KapTlrrra Ha6,noAaJiacb, KOr,-ja B CHHTeTHgeCXVfO Cpc,y ,'jo6aB,TISLAH O,glO'BpeMeHIIO caxap H IIHTpaT. Caine cimbHOC ra30o6pa3OBa- Bile, npl16JIH}KaIoIlreecH K TaKOBOMy B MOJIOKC, OTMegeBo HpH BHeCeHHIj 32r 3.1 3,1 2,91 PHc. 2. O6pa3oBaHHe rasa KvabTypaMH Sir. paracitrovorus Ha CHHTe- T114CCKOH cpese c ao6aBaeHHei pa3HblX HCTOIIHIIKOB yraepoja: I - 1HT. 3000; 2 - HIT. 245; 3 - IIIT. 3021 ; 4 - IIIT. Si;. 1 - KOIITPo.nb: II - n aKTO3a: III - r.I,OKO3a; IV - ra9 aKro oa; V - JIHMOHHOI:HC- JIbIII 1IaTPH11; VI - jia KT03a + .'IHM0IIH0KHCAbIr1 HaTPHFI; VII - rir01{o3a + .'IHMOH- HOKHCabI4I IIaTPHIi; VIII - ra,'IaKT03a -{- :I HMOIIHOKIIC.1bI11 IIaTPHI(. B CpeAy O lIOBpeMeHllo 'I IKT03bl H UHTpaTa (Gibson a. Abdel-Malek, 1945). 3Hag;rrCJIbrIo MCHbmee ra3oo6pa3oBaJIHe HpOHCXOAHJio HpH BHCCeJHII BMeCTo JIaKT03bl, 1'.JII0KO31J H ra.'IaKT03hI. 13 IcagCCTBe HCT'O11HIIKa yIvIepoJ a 6bUIH HC- nblTaHb1 TaK}Ke moaoL rag, .'IIIMOIIIIaH, y'KCyCHaH H nHpOBHHOrpaAi-faH KHCJIOTbI H COJIII M0,7OgHOIi K1fC.'I0Tbi. OAHaKO HH B OAHoM CJIygae He IIa6JIIo,gaJI1I o6- pa30Ballrffl ra3a B KO:IHgeC'rBaX, HMCIOHjHX HpaKTHgeCKoe 3HageHHe. Ky.Jib- TVpbI Sir. diacetliactis, KaK VKa3bIBa:IOCb BbIHle, HpOAyuJpo3aJIH 3Ha11HTe'1b- 1-1O MCHiOHIe ra3a, 1ieM Sir. paracitrovorUS, HO H B 3TOM cjry'Iae OIIjyTHMble KOJIHgCCTBa ra3a o6pa30BbJBaJI1JCb TO,'IbKO Hpi OAIIOBpeM'elll-IO,M HPHCYTCTBHH B cpe,ge caxapa (JIy iLue JIa'KT03bl) H UHTpaTa. Heo6XOjjHMbIMH 1JIH ra3oo6- pa30BaIIHH KOMfOIIeIITalJI cpe,bI CJIy}KaT TaK}Ke CpaKTOpbl poCTa. 3T0 IIOA- TBep}KAaeTcH TCM, g'r0 B MOJIOKe, HOJIygeHIloM B BeceHHHi-i nepno,q, co ep- ?KHTCH HOgT'H Taxoe ice KOJIHq,e.CT:BO MOJIOgBOFO Caxapa H JIHMOHHOH xHCJIoTb1, KaK H B JieTHHil nepHOA, OAHa'i CHOCO6'HOCTb K ra3oO6pa3OBaHHIO y apOMaTO- ?o6pa3yfon111X CTPCHTOKOKKOB Ha 3TOM MOJIOKC pe3KO nOIIH}xaeTc5i. TOJIbKO Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 M. P. Fu6tuMat 76 HOCJie I, 06a'B."ie11HSI K He'My II aeHO paTOB, o amIX (p3XTOppMII pnalumalOT OeTa (pOaK- >KeBoro aBTo.IIII3aTa it Tip.), p pa THBHO Hp0,jyLU1pOBaTb ra3. BJIHAHI1E BNj1OBOrO COCTABA CTPEHTOKOKKOB B 3AKBACKE HA MHKP0GHOJ1OrH9ECKHE IIPOLI,ECCbI B CbIPE AJ11i BbIMcne1-IH5I 3TOr0 BOHpoca 6b1JIH B35ITbI LleTblpe 3aKBaCK14 pa3HOr0 cocTasa: 1) CMe,Cb LUeCTH LIITaMMOB Str. lactis, 2) Ta >Ke CMecb+ABa IHTaM- Ma Str. diacetilactis, 3) Ta xce CMecb+Te xKe LIITaMMhi+,TIBa IHTMMMa Str. paracitrovorus, 4) Ta >Ke cMCCb+TC >Ke IBa IHTaMMa Sir. paracitrovorus. fIpH COCTaBJTe'HHI3 3aKBaCKH B MOJIOKO 'BHOCTLHH O, HHaKOBbie KO.IIHMCCTBM Str. lactis it Str. diacetilactis H B J 13a pa3a 6oJIbLue Str. paracitrovorus. OHbiTbI HpOBO'jjHJIH'Cb IIpH Bblpa6oTKe KOCTpOMCKOro cbipa 1. 11PH H3POTO'B- JIeHHH cbipa 6pain O,TLHO H TO >KC naCTepM3OBaHHOe MOJIOKO, pa3JIHTOe B Me- TbIpe CbIpIIble BaHIIbI 110 300 JI B Ka>KJ yIO. B MOJIOKO 'BIIOCHJIH 0,4% 3aKBac- KH. Te_xuojTorH4eCKH0 yC.IIOBHH Bbipa60TKII CbIpa 6h1JIH OjHHaKO'Bb1MH BO BCCX BaHHax. ffoBTOpHOCTb OHbITOB 1-I5ITHKpaTHaa. Cup HCC.TIeJ OBaJICSI HOCJIC HpeC- CoBaIIIIA Mepe3 5, 10, 30 H 75 wwHei . KpoMe O6bIMIIbIX alla.IIH3OB, 6bIJIO 'dipO- 110 eHO JjCTa.IIb'IIOC 113yKCHHe MHKpO{cJIO'pb1 CbIpa. B yKa3aHilble CpOKH 11'po- 1I3BOjjHJIHCb HOCCBbl Ha IIa1I'KH fleTpH C arap130,BaHI1b1M rILTwoJIH3aT0M MO- TlOKa. H'pHPOTOBJICHHbIM HO peIIenTy BorjjaIIOBa (1950). Bee BbIpOCIIIHe KO:IoIIlrTl c 0,25 nJi01lja;jll MamKH (B KOJIHMeCTBe OKOJIO 50) HepeHOCHJIHCb B CTOI)II. i1Oe MOJIOKO. fIOCJie 3TOI.0 113yMIaJIH 6HOXHMIIMC'CKHC H 'b'IOp(j)OJIOrHtIe- CKIIC CBOHCTBa BbIieJlemHbTx HITaMMOB H HJjeIITH(pHIIHpOBaA14 HX. Ha H'HT'eHCHBHOCTb MHKp061I0JIO'rHMe.CKHX HpOIjeCCOB B KOCTpO'MCKOM CbI- pe OKa3bFBaJI BJIHHHHC COCTaB 3aKBaCKH. KOJIHMecTBO 6aKTepHH 6bIJIo Bbllue (3200 MJIH.) B CblpaX, BbIpa6OTaHHbIX Ha 3aKBaCKe, B COCTaB KOTOpOFI BXO- J VIJIH KyJIbTypbI Str. diacetilactis (cbipbI 2 H 3), H HH>Ke (2300 MJIH.) B CbI- paX, BbIpa60TaHHbIX Ha OjjHIIX KyJlbTypaX Str. lactis iuni CMeca HX c Str- paracitrovorus ('cbipbi I H 4). B COOTBeTCTBHH C H3MeHeHHeM cOCTaiBa 3aKBaCKH 143MeHSIJIaCb H MHKpO- (pJIOpa CbIpa. TaK B CbIpe 1 no 30-AHeBHOrO B03paCTa 6bIJI'H Haii1LeHbl TOJIbKO BBejjeHHbie C 3aKBaCKOH KyJlbTypbl Str. lactis. B cbipe 4, KpOMe Str. lactis o6Ha'py>KeHbI B He60JIbwoM KOJI'HMeCTBe (6%) euie Str. paracitrovorus. 3HagHTeJlbHO OTJIHMaJIIIcb H0 COCTa'By MHKpO'(JJPO'pb1 CbIpbl 2 H 3. flpHMe'p- HO 40% BCCX HafAeHHbIX B HHX 6aKTepan COCTaBJIAJIH Str. diacetilactis. 3TO o6'b51cHneTC51 TeM, 11Th KyJIbTypbI Str. diacetilactis H Str. lactis 6bIJIH OJ 1sHa- KOBO aKTHBHbIMH. B 1 MJI Ka>K]j011 H3 3THX KyJlbTyp (B MOJIOKe) co. ep>KaJIOCb no 2300 H 2100 MJIH. KJIeTOK, Tot-Aa KaK Str. paracitrovorus oTJIHMaJIHeb MeaiieHHbIM pa3BHTHeM B MOJIO'Ke, a B 1 MJI 11HCTOM Ky:ibTypbl 6bIJI0 TOJIbKO 500 M JIH. KJIe- TOK. fl03TOMy, HeCMOTp1l Ha TO, MTO HpH COCTaBJIeHHH 3aKBaC'KH B MOJIOKO BBOJjHJIH B JjBa pasa 60JIbLHe Str. paracitrovorus HO c'paBHeHHiO C jpymm4 KOMHOHeHTaMH, pa3BHTHe HX KaK B MOJIOKe, TaK H B Cb1pC TOpM03H.TO('b 60- Jlee aKTHBHbIMH IHTaMMaMB CTpeHTOKOKKOB. Bee OTMegelllible KOJIe6aHHH B MHKpO(JJlope 'CbIpa o6513aHbl TOJIbKO BJIHBHHIO COCTaBa 3aKBaCKH, TaK KaK bO Bcex OHbITHbIX CblpaX He 6bIJIo Ha uie&O 6aKTepHOCpara it aHTaroHrI3Ma Me>Kr 7 6aKTepHRMH TaK>Ke He yCTaHOBJIeIIO. B CbIpaX KOHJLHIIHOHHON 3peJ1o- CTH o6Hapy>KeHbi ente CJIa6ble no KHCJIOT0o6pa30BaHHI0 MOJIOIIHOKHCJIble na- JIOMIKH B KOJIHMec'I'Be 43-63% Bce13 MHKpO4)JIOpbI. OHH HpexTaBJIBJIH co6oi'I OCTaTO1IHyIO MHKph(JJlOpy Ha'CTe'pH3OBaHH0I'O MOJIOKa, KOTOpa5I Ha11aJIa pa3- BHBaTbCSI nocJIe BbIMHpaHHH OCHOBHOI3 MaCCbI 6aKTepHI3 3aKBaCK14. CTOJIb? nbl. OANH ins cblpos ron,nanucxoil rpyn Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B,wRHue HeKOTOpblx c/IaKTOpO6 Ha C80tIC as MOJIOgHOKUCIEbdx cTpeilTOKOKKOQ 77 CyHjeCTBeHHbre pa3JI1gH2 B COCTaBe MHKpOCPJI'OpbI OHbIT'Hblx CbIpOB 3Ila4If- TCJib11O HOBJIHHJIH Ha Ilpoueccbl 6p0}KeHH5i. KyJIbTypbl Sir. lactls B Cblpe I iBbI3bIBaJIH OAHOCTO'pOHHee rOMOCJepMeHTa- THBHOe 6pO}KeHHe, B pe3yJIbTaTe Tiero aKTHBHaB KHCJIOTHOCTb 6bICTpo HOIBbILHa- JIaCb H gep>KaJIaCb B CbIpe Ha BbICOKOM ypoaHe J10 KOHLIa ero C03peBaHHH (pH=5,14-5,29). BbICOKaHI aKTHIBHaH KHCJIOTHOCTb B 3TOM Cblpe TOpMO3HJIa pacna,a 6eJIKOBbIX BeHjeCTB 'H OTpHljaTeJIbHO BJIHHJIa Ha ero BKyCOBble AOCTO- HHCTBa (KHCJI'OIBaTblI3, rOpbKOBaTbIf1), pHCyHo'K OTCYTCTIBO'BaJI, a KOHCHCTeHLHB 6b1,TIa TBepj o c TpelIHHaMH, 'ITO pe3KO HO11113HJ10 Ka4eCTBO CbIpa. UOFIOJIHHT,eJIbiioe B'BeJ eHHe B COCTaB 3aKBaCKH KyJIbTyp Sir. paracitro- vorus MaJIO H3MeHHJIO Ha'aJlbHyro BeJIH4HHy pH CbIpa (5,18), HO K KOHIjy CO- :3peBaHH5l oHa HOBbICIIJIaCb Ao 5,41. 3TO HeCKOJIbKO yJIy4LHHJIO pa3BHTHe 6H0- XHMH4eCKIIx HpOIjeCCOB B Cblp# H, KaK CJIeACTBae,- ero BKyC H pHCyHOK, HO KOHCHCTeIIUHH Cblipa BCe e'Hje 'He 6bI.7Ia y,OBJIerBOpHTeJrbH'oJ3. Cblpbl 2 H 3, B KOTOphix 40% BCC1 MHKpO Jlopbl COCTaBJISIJIH Sir. diacetilactis H 6po}KeHHe IIOCHJIO reTepoCPe'pMe'1iTaTHBHbIIr XapaKTe'p, OTJIH4aJIHeb 6oJiee HH3KHM ypOB- IIeM aKTHBHOIr KHCJIOTHOCTH (pH=5,22-5,42), LITO CHOCO6CTBOBaJIO 6oriee 6bICTpoMy a'BTOJIH3y 6aKTepaaJIbHbIX KJICTOK H yCH.1IHBaJIo pacna,r 6eJIKOBbIX BeuieCTB. Ho aaHlIbIM KJIHMOB'CKOrO (1957), 9TH CblpbI HpH KOHAHIIHOHHOF3 .3peJIOCTH XapaKTepH30BaaI iCb 6oJree BbICOKHM Co,jepJKaHHeM CBo60-lHbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT (Ha 55%), 4CM Cblpbl, Bblpa6oTaHHbTe Ha O,ILHHX KyJIbTypaX Sir. lactis. BBeAeHHe B COCTaB 3aKBaCKH Ky.IIbTyp Sir. diacetilactis yJiy4- IHaJrO Ka4eCTBO CbIpa, no caMyio BbICO~KyIO OLICHKy HO.IIytIIIJIH Cblpbl H3 BaH- HbI 3, BbIpa6OTaHHble Ha KyJIbTypax Sir. Lactis H ,jByX BH,jaX apoMaTO06- pa3yIoILIHX CTpenTKOKKO'B Sir. diacetilactis m Sir. paracltrovorus, CblpbI HMe- JIH XOpOLHHI'I BKyC, pHCyHOK H KOHCHCTeHLIH10. DTH TPH BH,Ija C'rpeHTOKOKKO3 H BIBOARTCH B COCTaIB 3aKBaCKH JIJISI CbI'pOB rOJIJIaHJICKoI3 rpyHHbr. Ka4eCTBO 3aKBaCKH onpe, eJISfeTCH He TO,IIbKO ee 6aKTepfiaJIbIIbIM 000Ta- BOM, HO TaK}Ke yCTOllg3HBOCTbro 9TOFO OoCTaBa HpH Hepeca,jKaX B 3aBOACKHX yCJIOBHHX. BbIHaJjelllie apoMaToo6pa3yIOHuHX CT'peHTOKOK'KOB 113 COCTaBa 3a- KBaCKH H HpHMCHeiHHe OJjHHX KyJibTyp Sir. lactls, KBK MbI BH, C,1H Bblrue, BCCbMa OTpHuaTeJibI O oTpa}KaeTCSI Ha KaileCTBe eblpa. H09TOMy HpII HOA- 60pC KyJlbTyp JJIH 3aKBaCKH HpHMeHHIOTCR LHTBMMbI cTpeIITOK0KKOB, VCTOII- YHBble K 6aKTepaoq)ary (He HOKa3bIBaIOHjHe BH3HMOIJ '4YBCTBHTCJIbHOCTH K i1CCKOJIbKHM BbIAe.JIeIIHbIM BHOBb Ha HpOH3BOACTB'e 6aKTCpHOIParaM) 11 He HBJISIfOLLIHecHH aHTaroHHCTaMB HO OTHOIIICHHIO Apyr K Apyry. KpOMe Toro, BO I136e}KaHHe HpHcnoco6.ieHHa (Para K KyJlbTypaM 3a'KBaCKII B 3a'BOACKHX VCJIOBHHX CMe'Hy 38KBaCKII Ha 3aB0,je CJIe,jyeT IIpOH3BO;IHTb 4Cpe3 6- 7 jHeli. BJIHSIHHE TEMHEPATYPbI BTOPOrO HArPEBAHHSI HA MHKPOBMOJIOrHgECKHE HPOItECCbl B CbIPE M14Kpo611oJIorH4ecIiie HpoljeCCbl cyLL eCTBeHHO H3MeHBIOTCH HOA BO3xCI3- CTBHeM TeXIIOJIOrHIICCKIIX cJ)aKTO'pOB. Ba}KHeu1IIIHM 113 HHX HBJIHCTCA TeMHe- paTypa BTOp'or0 HarpeBaIIHSi. HpII Bblpa,60Txe KOCTpOMCKOrO CbIpa Mb! 113y'IaJIH BJIHHIHIe HC6OJISIHHX OTKJIOHeHHr3 B TeMHe'paType BTOPOLO IIarpCBa- HHa (3-6?), KOT'Opble HIIOrAa JjoHycKaIOTCA MaCTepaMH Ha H,pOH3BO,jCT'Be. YCJIOBHH HpOBe, eHHH O'HbITO~B Te >Ke, 'ITO H HpH H3y4eHHH BJIHHHHSI COCTaBa 3aKBaCKH. B COCTB'B 3aKBaCKII BXOJIIIJIH TpH BHAa MO.IIO4IIOKHCJIbIX CTpeHTO- KOKKO'B - Sir. lactis, Sir. diacetilactis H Sir. paracitrovorus - H He6oJlb- IHoe KOJIH4eCTBO MO,IIOiIIIO'KHCJIbIX HaJIO~IeK (HpOH3Bo cTBeHHa'I 3aKBaCKa). ,aJIH H3y'eliH5r 6b1.TII1 B3HTbI TpH Te,mHepaTypbl BTOpOrO Harp.eBaHHN: 40, 43 Ir 46?. H'CBbILHeHHe TeMHepaTypbl BTOpOrO HarpCBaHIIH TOJIbKO Ha TpH rpajjyca (c 40 Ao 43?) nph,B,OjHJIo K yMCHblleHH10 4H'C.IIa 6aKTepnf B eblp'e B ,riBa Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 78 M. P. ru61ualan pa3a (c 3200 Ao 1600 MJIH.) , a nOBbHueHne - na 6? (Ao 46?) Bb13bIBaJIO ri - HIUKeHHC KOJIIIgeeTBa 6aKTepHu IHo11TH B rieTblpe pa3a (e 3200 Ao 900 Mau.). C ueJIbIO BbIHBJIeFwB ceJlexuHOHHPYIoIIero aefCTBHH TeMHepaTy'pbl BTO- poro HarpeiBalUB AeTaJIbHO 113y11aJIcH ~COCTaB 3aKBacxn, B3HTOH nepeA B11C- ceII leM eC B cblp'HyIO BaHHy, H cblpa - B pa3llble nepHOAbI ero C03peBaHn51. 14ccJIejoBallne cocTa'Ba 3aKBacKH nOKa3ajIo, 'ITO Str. lactis cOCTaBJIH.TI t 60 % CO MHKpo4)JI'opb1, Str. diacetilactis - 39,6 % H Str. paracitrovorus - 0,5%. M0.109nOK11cJIble HaJIOIIKH BCTpe'aJIHCb B 0'-3CHb MaJIbIX KojIHl4ecTBax (ennII1111IIble KJIeTKH B nOJIe 3peHHH npena'paTa 113 3aKBaCKI). COCTaB MHKpOC1JIOpbI CbIpOB, BbIpa6oTaHHbIX Iia BTOH 3aKBaC'Ke, Cyuze- CTBCHIIl 1113MCHRJICH HOA BJIHHHHeM IIe6OJIbnIHX OTKJIOHCIIHuI B TeMHepaType BTOpOFO IlarpCBaHHA. I70'BbIHI0Hne TCMHepaTypbl Ao 46? OKa3bIBaJIO HeoAHI-Ia- KOBOe IBJIIIBHHC Ha pa3BH'IHble r'pynnbl 6aKTCpHH. TaK, pa3BHTHe Str. diace- tilactis JnpII 3TOII TeMHepaType pC3K0 HoAaBJI5JIOCb, H KOJIn'ICCT'BO HX B nepH- oA MaKCHMaJIbIIoro pa3MH03KeHH 1 He npeBblruaTio 12,5% B'Cefl MHKpO4).1Opbl eblpa, TOTrAa KaK B 3aKBaCKe HX 6bIJIO 3HagIITeJIbHO 60JIbine (OKOJIO 40%). Pa3MH0}K'CIIIC MOJIO'IHOKHC?IbIX najIOiICK n'pH BbICOKOII TeMHepaType BTO- p01'O IIarpCBallHH, IIa06opoT, aKTIIBH3HPoBaJlocb. B cblpe nOCJ1'C I1pe000Ba]IIISI 0,1111 coCTaB~xJIII 16,6% BCCR MnKpOCJJIOpb1, 11epe3 30 AHCR - 52% H 11epcs 75 Aneil - 72%. IIpH 6onee H113KIX TeMnepaTypax BTOparO rlarpCBaFhH - 43 H 40? - Ha6JIlOAaJI1ICb 60JIbIIIHC II3M0IIeHHH B COCTa'BC MHKpOC1JIOpbl Cblpa. Pe3KO yCHJIIIBaJIOCb pa3BHTHe B 3THX cblpax Str. diacetilactis; Hx co ep}KaH11e A0- CTIIrJIO 43-49% Bceli MHIKpOCpJIOpbI. KOJIM'ICCTBO }KC MOJIO-IHOKHCJIbIX HIa- JIOlICK cIIJIbIIO nonH}KaJIOcb: npH TeMHepaType BTOpOro IlarpCBaHHH -43? -- B 30-AHCBIIOM CbIpe IIX 6bIJlO OKOJIO 25, a npn 40? - TOJIbKO 5,5 %. Apo'MaToo6pa3ylo11U1C CTpenTOKOKKH Tuna Str. paracitrovortis BO BCCX OIIhITIIbIX CblpaX COAep}KaJIH'Cb B MaJIbIX K0J1uhIeCTBax - 3-6 %. FIp1I HOBbIHICHHII TeMnepaTYPbI BTOp,OFO Ilarpe'BaHllHH Ao 46? TaK)KC Ha- 6 1IO;l,a.7OCb 311agHTeJIbII0C noaa'BJicHne 6HoXHMH4Ie0KOI4 aKTHBHOCT1H MOJIOHhIO- KIGC.TbIX CTpCHTOKOKKOB. LIITaMMbI CTpeHTOKOKKOB, BbIAe ICHnble 113 3TOr0 Cblpa B pa311ble nepHOAb1 ero CO3peBaHHq, 0,T Ha iHCb O~CIJIa6. eHHOR cn0C HOCTblO K KHCJIOTO06pa30BaIInK) (30,H1I O io 'IeTYiInX }K11PHbIX 'K11C."IOT, TOI;>,a ~lacTbIO erne HH}Ke) H K npoJYUHp 06- KaK CTpenTOKOKKH 113 3aKBaCKH B 90% cJly'IaeB 6b1J1I1 aKTHBIIbIMII KIHCJIOTO- O'6pa3O'BaTeJIHMH (0,8-0,99% MOJIOT4HOH KIICJI'OTbl). BOJIee HH3KHe TeMnepaTypbl BTOIpOFO narpeBaHHH He T'OpM03HJI11 aKTHB- HOCT11 6aKTe'p0l. TaK, B CbIPC c TeMnepaTypOH 43? HOLITM BCe CTpenTOKOKKH (98%) 6bIJIn aKTHBHbIMH npojyueIHTaMH MOJIO'H011 KHCJIOTbI, XOTII KOJIH'IC- CTBO HX 6bIJI0 B ABa pa3a HH}Ke, MeM IB CbIpe C TeMnepaTYPOR 40'. flo aiB- JIeH11e pa3M110}Ke'HhB H a'KTHBHOCTH 6aKTCp1Ill B CbIPC C ee TarOTypo"b146? npIIBCJIO K TOpMO}Ke'11M MO.IIOLIHOKHCJIOro npouccca. KpT pa3BHTHe B 9TOM CbIpe MOJIOHHOKHCJIbIX naJIOtIeK BHCCJIO Cy1AeCTBeH1Ible 113- Me'HeHn9 B npOI ece paenaaa 6eJIK0'BbIX Beu);'ecTB. IIO AaHmibIM KJIHMOBCKOTO (1957), HaH6oJlee xapaKTCPI1bIM AJIR 3THX CbIpOB 6bIJio yBCJIH11elIHe KOJI11 'IeCTBa CBO6oAHbIx aMHHOK11CJIOT 11, rJla'BHOe,- noBbIUIcHne OTIIO,CllTe7IbHOF0 coAepBcaHH5 rJIyTaMHHOBOII KHCJIOTbI, KOTopall, no MHCII11I0 p5Aa aBTOpOB, 11 CJIy}KHT OAn11M 113 KOMnOHCHTOB, O6yC.BOBJIHBaK)rn.HX BKYC wB'eHuapCKOr0 cbipa. )jeiiCTBHTeJib1IO, KOCTpOMCKOH cbIp C TeMnepaTypoll BTOpol'o I-larpe- BaIIHA 46? BO MHOrIIX cJIG'IaHX HMe.-i npHHbIII II ciaaI OBaTb11 BK\ CC, ICOBepa nleHHO He TIIHn11HbIR AJ1a CbIpOB roJLIIaHACKOn rpy , n7OTHOII n TBepAoH, n OH HOJIy'11JI 6oJlee HH3KyIO KagecTBe1h1i '? On,CI1KY. Cup c TeMneparypol BTOporo HarpeBaH11SI 40? HHorAa uMe.t K1IC?IOBaTb1H H ropbKOBaTbI13 BKYC, IiCpaBHOMepHbIR 11 MCJIKHII pHCYHoK, HO XOpOrnylO KOH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BnuiHue HeKOropbex cbaKTOpoa Ha C8O1 CTaa Mono HO1 UCAbfx CTpenTOKOKKOe 79 CHCTelIIIHIO II HOTOMy HOJIygHJI 6oJiee BbICOKyIO OIjeHKy, tieM ripe-qbI,2YUt1lji. CaIbIM .-lygL1il'I 6b1-i Cblp C TeMHepaTypoH BTOpOFO Harp-eBaHHH 43?. OH IiMe.,I Hal16ojiee BbIpaMKeHHbIli, THIIHtIHblfi j7ISI KOCTPOMCKOFO Cblpa BKyC, XO- polHHh paaCyHOK H YJOB,,TeTBOPHTeJIb1Iy1o KoIICHCTeIIIjIIIO. TaKHM o6pa30,M, ,T aMKe He60j'IbIIIHe OTKJI0IIeHHH B TeMHCpaType BTO-porn Harpe~BaiHfrH HpH HpOH3B0'jjCTBe KOCTPONICKOro Cblpa (Ha 3 H 6?) I3eCbMa CyJIjeCTBeHHO BJIHSIJIH Ha KoamieCTBO, COCTBB H aKTHBI10CTb ero MHKPO(IJJIOpbr. 'TO, B C13OI0 oaepe,jb, H3MeH5I.I0 HanpaBJIeHHe 6HOXHMH~iecKHX IIpoueccoB B cblpe II 3HagIITeahiio OTpa}KaJIOCb Ha KageCTBe. fl0BbJHIeHHe TeMHepaTypbl BTOpOro IrarpeBallliB /,jo 46? HpiI HpOH3B0,I'CTBe KOCT'pOMCKOro CbIpa HBJIHCT- cH IIe'T,onyCTHMbIM. B HpOBe,ijeHIIII HCC.IejjOBa1IHII npHHHMa,TIa ygaCTHC 11. ff. l3e.IOycoBa. BbiB0,I1,hi 1. C03o111Ible H3Me11CIIHH MOJIOKa oKa3bIBaIOT BJIHHIIHe Ha 61IOXHMH,leCxv1O aKTHBIIOCTb MOJIOg1I0KHCJIhrX CTpenTOKOK'KOB. Ta3006pa3OBaHHe B Ky.,IbTypax CTPeHTOKOKKOB B03:'0MKHo TOJIbKO 'npH HaJIHgfH B 'CpeAe Caxapa H i i pa"a. Ila CHOCO6HOCTb K ra3o06pa3oBairirl0 6OJIbHIoe BJIHHIIHe O'Ka3bIBaeT Ha,IHgnle B M0JI0Ke (iJaKTOpoB pocTa; H0-BHjjHMOMV, IIMeCT 31Iagellae TaKMKC c0. epMKa- 1-IHe B IIer CyXHX BeLgecTB. Pa3Jlligll i B ra30o6pa3oBaHTIJI Sir. paracitrovo- rus HpII HepeBIIBKC Hy B MOJIOKO, HoJlygellHOe OT pa3Hbrx CTa,1, BbI313allbl pa3Jl1r1lllbIM KOpMJIeIIHeM if CO;jepMKalIIfej KOpO'B, 110 'IIe pa3JIHgHfiMH B HO- po,-jax. 2. BII,1OB01i COCTaB 6aKTCpHaJIbHOii 3aKBaCKII OKa3bJBaCT 6OJlblloe BJHISIHIIC Ira MIIKpo61Io.uorHgecx1le npol4eccbl H xapaxTep 6poMKeaH2 B Cblpe. CbIpbl, BblpatoTallHbic Ira 3axBaCKe, B Co'CTaB KOTOpoIi, KpoMe Sir. lactic, BXOJtH.IH Str. diacetilactis IIJIII , OHO.~OHHTC:ObIIO elue Str. paracitrovorus, 6bIJIH caMo- ro -iy nifero KageCTBa. 3. TeMII'epaTypa BTOpOPO HarpeBaIIHB HpH Hp0Tl3BOj(CT'Be CbIpa OKa3bIBae'r 6oJmIHoe BJIHHHHe Ha MHKpo6HoaTorHgecxlfe HpOIjCCCbI. LlaMKe iie60,1bIIIOC HOBbIHIeHHe TeMHCpaTypbl BTOporo HarpeBalia Hpir Hp0 H3'B0;cTBe KOCTpOM- CKOrO cbrpa Ha 3 H 6? (c 40 io 43 H 46?) BCCbMa CyujeCTBeHHO B.THHJIO Ha 06-beM II aKTHBHOCTb CPO MHKpO(jJIOpbI, OT'O, B ei3ofo oaepejb, 133MeIIa ro XapaKTep 6p0'MKeIIHB II 3I1aglfTe.-fbH0 oTpaMKa.IO'Cb IIa ero KagecTBe. JIHTEPATYPA b 0 r A a H o B B. M. HOBble McTO5b1 npllrOTOBneHua IDHTaTe,mHb!x cpe j ,q.1s! alia.7113a MHKpo- q).IIOpbI MO.IIOKa 11 MOJI0OHbIX npOsyKTOB. MHKpo5noJIoriH, 1950, T. 19, Bbin. 2, CTp. 147. I- ill 6 in M a H M. P. 1-I3MeHgl[BOCTb MOJIOHHOKHCJlbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB. I. Z[HCCOUHagii reTepo- C)epMeHTaTHBHbiX CTpeHTOKOKKOB. MHKpo6HOJiorH3i, 1948, T. 17, Bbin. 4, CTp. 278. F H 6 In M a H M. P., A p H C T 0 B a B. A. li e p a 6 H H a E. H. H3MeHeHHe aKTHBHOCTII M0.10YH0KHCJIblX CTpeHTOKOKKOB npH KyJIbTHBHpoBar1HH nX B MOJIOKe pa3HbIX Ce30HOB TTTT ro. a. C60pHHK pecpepaTOB HayoHblx pa60T, 1957, Bbin. 4., CTp. 62, FIHluenpoM1H3.laT. /.y C p a 6 H H a E. H. B,TIHHHHe Str. lactis H HX (~HJIbTpaTOB Ha pa3BHTHe B MO. OKC Str. paracitrovorus. MHKpo6noJI0rH3l, 1956, T. 15, Bbif. 1, CTp. 72. K JT H M 0 B C K H 0 14. H. OCHOBHble C)aKTOpbI, onpe,jeJlalolIlae HanpaBJleHHe 614OxH Mil~IecKHx np01(e000B r'.pli C03peBaH1uf CblpoB r0JIJIaHaCK0ii rpynnbl. TJOKJ1. npoH3B.-TexH. KOH(Pe- peHIjHH 0 Mepax lIOBblLIIeHHH KageCTBa CbIpa. I43,1. MOH-Ba HposblHIJl. MHCHbIX H MO- ,1oil11blX npo,IyKTO.B CCCP, M., 1957, CTp. 40. K p y r Jl o B a JI. A. BJIHHHHe HeKOTOpblx (p aKTOpoa Ha 6H0JI0rn4eCKyio nodlHOgeaHocTb MO- .10Ka. ABTOpCq)epaT .MlccepTauail. (C.-x. axa5. HM. K. A. TaMHpa3eBa), 1954. C a JI y H A. C. BHTaMHHHOe naTaaMe ceJlbcK0x03ai{CTBeHHbrX MKHBOTHbIX. CeJlbX03rH3, 1944. G i b s o n T. a. A b d e I - M a I e k J. The formation of carbon dioxide by, lactis acid bacte- ria and Bacillus licheniformis and cultural method of detecting the process. J. Dairy Research, 1945, No. 1-2, p. 35. C z u I a k J. a. M e a n w e 11. Seasonal variation in Cheese Starter activity. Dairy Sci. Abst. 1913, v. 15, No. 12, p. 991. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 IIOTPEBHOCTb B BHTAMHHAX H CHHTE3 HEKOTOPbIX BHTAMHHOB rPYlllibI B Y KYJIbTYP STREPTOCOCCUS LACTIS HCCJIeJOBaTeJIAM, pa60TaionI'HM B O6JIa'CTH MOJIO14HOH npOMbIHIJIeHHOCTH, KaK Y Hac, TaK H B ApyrHX CTpaHax, XOPOIUO H3BeCTIIbI 4JaKTbI HeHOpMaJIb- HorO CKBauIHBaHH5I MOJIOKa B onpeAe.3eHHble Ce3OHbI roAa (1{O'poJleB, 1932; D461uMaH, 1938; Hunter, 1949). Ha YKpaHHe, B tlacTHOCTH, Hapylue,HHe Hop- MaJIbllorO TeT-IeHHSI MOJIOLIHOKHCJIOrO 6po}KeHH5I, BbI3bIBaeMoro Sir. lactis, Hepe,aKO napyluaeTCx B BeceH'xlH nepHoA. BeCIiOi'I B COCTaBe MOJIOKa npOHCXO,LHT 3Ha'IHTeJIbHble H3MeHeHHSI: yMeHb- ulaeTCH KOAHLIe.CTBo 6eJIKOBOrO a30Ta, CHH)KaeTc5I COAep}KaHHe }KHpOpaCTBO- pliMblX BHTaMHHOB A H U, yMellbIIIaeTCH KOJIHT-IecTBO HeKOTO'pbIX BHTaMHHOB rpynnbl B, H3MeH5ieTCH MHHepaJlbllbIl3 COCT3B (KopoJIeB, 1932; HHHXOB, 1956; aaBblg0IB C COTp., 1956). H3MCIIe"H55I COCTaBa MOJIOKa Ile MOryT He OTpa3HTbC5I Ha 06MeHe Be- IACCTB MOJIOOIIIOKIICJIbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB. OAHaKo B JIHTepaType eCTb (npaBAa HeMHOl',OgHCJIeHHbFe) yKa3aHml, tITO Cp'eJH MOJIOLIHOKHCJIbIX CTp'enTOKOKKO'B H3peAKa BCTpe Ia1OTCH KyJIbTypbI, Be,II,yn ne HOpMaJIbuo npollecc 6pO}KCHHSi Ha npoTSI}KeIIHH BCCX Ce30IIOB rooa. MbI BbI,3CJIHJIH 133 pblHOHIJO 3 CMeTaHbl IIeCKO.IbK0 KyJlbTyp Sir. laclis, MaJIO 1IyBCTBIITeJIbllbiX K CC30IIHbIM H3MCHeHHBM COCTaBa MOJI'oKa. Y 3THX KyJlbTyp Ila npOTH KCIIHII BCCX CC3OHOB TOAa COXpa'HSICTCSI BbICOKa5I oHepr1 I KHCJIOTooopa3oBaIIH2, B TO BpeM5 KaK y 6oJIbIHHncTBa IlyleIOHI,HXCH B IlaluCM paCHOp5}KCHIHI KyJlbTyp Str. laclls aKTHBHOCTb BCCHOII CHH}KaeTCSI. TaKIIM 06pa30M, cpeAH KyJlbTyp Sir. lactiS KaK BbIAeJICHHbIx HaMH H3 CMCTaHbI, TaK H npOH3B0jCTBC'HHbIX MbI o6Hapy)KHJI4 ABe rpyH'HbI KyJIb- Typ - iyBCTBHTCJlbIlblX K CC3OHIIbIM H3MeHeHHBM COCTaBa MOJIOKa H MaJlo- IIVBCTBHTCJIbIIbIX. IlacToHula5I pa6oTa HOCBSIW.CHa H3ytIeHIIIO noTpe6HOCTeH H CIIOco'6HOCTH K CHHTe3y IIeKOTOpbIX BHTaMHHoB rpynnbl B y MaJloOyBCTBHTCJIbIlbIX H HyBCTBHTeJIbHbIX KyJIbTyp Sir. lactic. B JIHTepaType CCTb Aa'HHble 0 nOTpe'6- HOCTSIX _VIOJIOOIIOKHCJIbIX 6aKTe.pHH B pa3JIHT-IHbIX (jaKTOpax pOCTa, B TOM ouc ie H B BIITaMHHax rpynnbl B (Niven, 1944; Collins, Nelson a. Parmelee, 1950; Anderson a. Elliker, 1953), nonyneHHble ma CHHTeTHBeCKHX cpe .ax. OJIHaKO pe3yJlbTaTbl HCC.TIeAOBaHHH, HOJIy0IeHHbIC Ha CHHTCTHYeCKHX C'pe- Jlax, He MOryT B nOJI'HOl Mepe JlaTb npeACTaBJIeHHe 0 noTpe6H0,CT5IX B BH- TaMUHax y MOJIOtlHO'KHCJIbIX CTpenTOKOKKOB B HX eCTeCTBeHHOH cpeae -- MOJIOKe. E,qHHCTBe-HH013 pa6oTOK, Kacaloulefic i noTpe6HOCTei3 B BHTaMHHBX Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 flOTpe6xocrb 8 (iUTanaux lx u cuNTeJ 8UTaAIUxols B y Streptococcus lactis Y MOJI04'.IOKHC.IbiX HCI70CpC.1CTBC11110 lia XIOJIOKC, HH 1BeTCSf HCCTeAOBaIIHC Op,ia-11e11CCiia, oJ1y6,TIHK0Ba1l1,o,e B 1936 r., KOr;Ia Vp0BeJlb 311811n11 0 BHTa- MHHaX rpyiinbf B 6brj7 CHIC He,'IoCTaTOLJIIO BbICOK. Upnf IICCJICJ0BaH11Hx Ha MO:IOKC, oCBO60B1Q0JIH0M OT BHTaMHIIWI3 aJcop6- lilfeii aKTIlBI1pO3a1illbJM yr.JCM, Op-Ta-He1ICeii (Orla-Jensen, 1936) 11OKa3aJ1, OTO MO,;'!OillroKHCJlbJe CTpeflTOK0KKII . io HopMa.TbIloro pOCTa H pa3MHo e1{18 IfypKJalOTcH B plf6o(j,Ta13-oHe If HaIrTOT'el{oBOfi KHCJIOTe. 3Ta pa60Ta H 60Jlee H03A1111e IfcCJ1eJOBaH}IR .pyrlux aBTOpOB, Hp0Bej eIrr1bre Ha CHIITeTHIIeCKH\ CpeJaX, KaCa.THCb 3IIa4011;12 BHTaMIIHOB TOJIbKO J(JISI pOCTa H pa3MIIo?KeIIHB MO.TiOgHOKHCJIb1X 6aKTe'pilk. Po.ab BKe BHTaMI0HOB rpynribI B B MOJIOgI OKHCJIOM I 6pOBKeuuu 6ojiee CJ1oBKHa. 144 BJIHBHHe Ha 3HeprH1o KHCJIOTOo6pa3OBaHH51 V MOJIO'1H0K1IC~1bIX CTpe.ITOKOKKOB HO'1TH fie H3Vq elIo. HCXO,ZH 113 3TOr0, Hef0MIIHIiiaB H TeBHJICBH4 J13YT[a.111 IIOTpC6IIOCTb Sir. loctlS B BHTaMIN MX rpVHllbi B, 1ICO6XO;11{Mbl\ JJIH ]IX HOPMa,TIb1Ioro pOcTa H KIICJIOT006pa3OBaHH5I, Ira C6opHOM MO.IIOKe pa3HblX CC30HOB r0,2a, ocnc6o- BK;ICI{}IOM OT BIITBMIIIIOB HO MCTOJy OpJia-F cHceoa HpH ecTeCTBelIIIOM pH (6,4-6,8). K Taxo:Nly Mo,7oKy ,Ia6aB.rHrJIcb B1rraMHlfbl B KJjarOTCo 13 plf6o(j)JfaBHIIe, IIIIKOTIIIIOBOIl KHC,10TC 11 HaTOTeoaTe Ca. OTCYTCTBIIC B Cpe,e 61IOTHl1a HPHBOJIIT K ocJIa6,ICIIIHO poCTa. ~06aB,'IeiIHC 614OTl{IIa aKTHBI{pyeT pOCT Sir. fact1S (Ia6 1. 1). flo:ioBlilla Cpe-IICr0,T10POll J03hr OKa3a7aCb IICAO c"IarotOt )Il. ;T:ISI I[OpMa;lbltoro IKeHH2 y pHJa xyJlbTyp Sir, lactis, MbI yC1allOBNJHi, OTO Ha TaKOM BCCeHHCM MOJIOKC TOJIbKO MaJIO- 1IYBCTBHTCJIbHble KyJlbTypbI CHOCo61IbI o6pa3OBbIBaTb MHOPO MOJJO'-I'IjON KHCJIO- TbI, B TO BpeMA Kax tJYBCTBHTCJIbHble KyJlbTypbI 1JyBKAa1OTC5I B Ao6awie1{HH CMeCH BHTaMHHOB, COCTOHHIei 113 p060q)JIaBHIIa, HH'KOTHHOBON KHCJIOTbI, HaTOTCHaTa Ca if 6rrori ria. JJpH Ao'6aBJIe1IH1J 3TO13 CMeCH BHTaMHIrOB K ne- nOJIHOIIeHHoMy I3eCeIIHeMy MOJIOKy 3He!prHa KHCJIOToo6pa3OBaHHH Y 9YBC'rBH- TC.TIbHbIX KVJIbTyp IIOBbrwaJlaCb. FloJo6Hoe BKC AeAcTBIIe OKa3bIBajlo Ao6aB- JIeIIHe K BCCCHHCMy MOJioKy pH6o(J,'IaBHHa. DiieprrH K11CJT0roo6pa30BarIHH Teciro CBa3aHa c 3IIeprHeli pa3MH0>K0HHH, H 1-IYBCTBHTejlblible KyJlbTypbI Ha BecerrhleM MOJIOKC pa3MIi0BKa1OTCH B He- CKOJIb'KO pa3 McJ,JIeHriee, 4CM Ma.1IO1IYBCTBHTe,>IbIIble. ;o6aBJIerIHe CMecIi BIITaMHHOB, a TaKBKC nTII1oro pf6o(jJIaBIuHa x o6pa3i aM 11eHOJIHOIfedlHOro MOJIOKa CTIIMV'JIHpoBa,;io poCl' If pa3MHOBKeHIIe 'IVBCTBIITC,'IbIIbIX KyJlbTyp, 'ITO 0Tpa31JJIOCb Ha I1OBbIHICIHIIi 3IIepI'HH KHCJIOToo6pa3oBaHHH, maJlotlyB- CTBHTeJIbHbie )KC KyJlbTypbI B TeX BKe 06pa3I[ax MOJioxa HHTeHCHBHO pa3- MHOBKaJ1IICb H Qlop-Ma.Tb1{O CKBOIHHB0JIH MOJIoKO. UHTepeciio OTMCTIITb, 'ITO JO6aBJICHHe pH6o{j)JIaBHHa K HOJIIIOI);eHIIOMy MOJIOKy BbI3bIBaJIO Ilapywehhife MOJ7otIIIOKHCJloro 6poBKeI!H51 V VI)BCTBHTCJlb- IIbIX KyJlbTyp. OtieBII,HO, BHeCCI1iba2 ;I03a p116o(PJIaBHIfa BMeCTe C PH6O(fJIaBHHOM, HMeIOHLIiMCSI B JaIIHOM o6pa31je MoJIOKa, BbI3bI13aeT rHHCpBHTarnH033 U 1 pYAW HH-Ta MHKpo6H0AOrHH, BbIII. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ta6JIHIIa I (Jompe6Hoemb Sir. lactis e eumaMUHaX KoMnneKea B a MOAOKe, ccac6oJicdeanou om eumaMuxoe HIT. 2 HIT. 3 H1 T. b r C T M 4 peMH lep- MHa- H IIH51 T OJIO- Ka, aCb1 P c KHCJIOT- T OCTb (nO erHepy), M rpaA. PCMH i ep- 1Ke + CMeCb BH- HOT pOCTa TaMH11oB 6e3 Ca- HaHTOTCHaTa To me - I To :Kc THHa . . . . . I 72 IHoT pocTa To }Ke + CMeCb BH- TaMHHoB 6e3 IH- KOTHIIOBO:I KHC- JIOTbI To }KC -f- CMeCb BH- TaMHHOB 6e-i 6HO- I 72 HeT pocTa~ 72 HeT pocTall 72 I B pe3yJlbTaTe KOTOp010 HapylnaeTCO HopMaJlbHoe Te1eHHe MoJIognOBCJIOro 6po}KeHHft. TaKHM o6pa3OM, MbI ycraHOBHJIH, LITO MalCgyBCTBHTeJIbHble KyJlbTypbI, B OTJIHgHe OT 1lyBCTBHTeJIbHblX, He Hy}KJIa1OTCA B ao6aBJIeHHH BHTaMl-1HoB rpynnbl B K HeHOJIHOLIeHHOMy BeCeHHeMy MOJIOKy. 3TO H03BOJIHJIo HpC;1110- JIO}KHTb, 4T0 MaJ1oLIyBCTBHTeJIbHble KyJlbTypbl CHOCO6HbI CaMH CHIITeBpOBaTb HeKOTOpble BIITaMHHbI. OAHaKO, C ApyrOH CTOpOHbI, MbI J10JI}KHbI 6bIJ1H y4eCTb, 4T0 MOJIOKO SIBJIneTCB 4pe3Bb14afIH0 CJIO>KHOH H 113M0H4HBOH cpe&ou? IIpH pa3BHTHH Ha TaK-OH Cpe,iC Y MOJIO4H0KHCJ1bIX CTpeHTOKOKKOB, BepOflTHO, B CBH3H C H3Me- HeHHCM COCTaBa MOJIOKa MoryT H3MeID1TbC9 H HOTpe6HOC1H B TOM HmH HHOM BHTaMHHe. CJIOB.1IeHa LTo6bl HOIHbITaTbc H OTBeTHTb Ha 'BOHpOC 0 TOM, 110M )Ke O y pa3JIH4HaH 4y'BCTBHTeJIbHOCTb KylbTyp Sir. lactiS K ce30HHbIM H3MeHeHHHM COCTaBa MOAOKa, IIyiKI:O 6bIJ10 O;1peAelHTb coAcp}Ka1He BHTaMHHOB rpyHHbl B 'B o6pa3H,aX noJIHoueHHoro leTHerO H BHOJIHOI1CHHOrO BecenHero MOIOKa H BbIRCIII-ITb, KaK :1OTpc6lIIOTCH 3TH BHTaMHHbI KylbTypaMH o6erx rpyr-H. OHpe,aeleHHe 6HOTHHa, HHKOTHHOBOH KHCJIOTbI H BHTOTeHaTa BeloCb MHKpo6HOAOr114eCBM McTOAOM, p160(IJJIaBHHa - CjJII0OpOMeTDH4CCKH. OnpeBJ cIIHe coJ1 p}KaHHH p116o(p.naBHHa noKa3anno, 11T0 H JIeTHee H Be- Tpe6 MHHa, T. e. xojIHOeCTBBa, 1 1lamji MHOOO peBbIIIlIaiOIW1e fl HOOT 0.3 1,1 M3TOrO 6oraTO uO - 7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 forne6Hocrb a euraMuHax u cuHTe3 6UTaAiuHoe B y Streptococcus lactis 83 HOCTb B HeM y MOJIOq}IOKFiCJIbIX CTpeHTOKOKKOB. TeM He Me-Hee IIaM V,iaJIOCb YCTaHOBHTb pa3HHuy B HOTpe6HOCTH P116o4)JIaBHFIa H3 MOJIOKa pa3HbIX CP- 30HOB ro,ga (Ta6JI. 2). I4 Her0.1HOIjeHHOTO BeceHHero MOJIOKa KyJlbTypbI Stir, lactis HOTpe6JIS1K)T 6OJIbuJe pH60CpJIaBH,Ha, qeM H3 JIeTHeiro, HPHgeM 4VB- CTBHTeJIbFIbie KyJlbTypbI HOTpe6JIHK)T ero 6o uee HHTOHCHWIO, qeM MaJIo- LIyBCTBHTeJIbHble. Ta6nxua 2 Hompe6Aeeue pu6oc/IAaeuea A103 cYyec!l7eume3bHb1MU U jy6Cjn6UMeAb HbIMU KyAbmypa.uu Sir. lactis u3 ececHHe2o it Aeiii o M('ACKO (i/MA) Anpe.nbckoe Mai'CKOe I'1K)HbCKOe HJOJIbCKO3 K^JIH4eCTFo pI6o(1JIal min B ('TCpIJIb[IOM MOJIOKe 1,026 1,0_5 1,117 0,184 MaJIO4YF CTI NTCJIbH be KYJIbTv'pbl OCT1 JIO('b IIO(',fC pocTa KYJI bT\ 1) bl LIMB CTI HTCJIb Able K YJIbTyp Ll O(TaJlocb HOCJIC pocTa KyJlbTypbl H'OJIy4eHHble ppe3yJIbTaTbl He corJIaCyIOTCH C H3JIO}KeH,HbIMH BbIWC )laH- HbIMII O TOM, 4T0 Tio6aBJieHue pH6O4JJIaBHHa K HenoJIHOueHHOMy BeCeFIHeMy MOJIOKy CHOCOOCTByeT HOBb1HIe!Ia O pa3MI10}KeI1HA H KHCJIOTO06pa30BaHH51 3TIIX KyJ3bryp. B03MWKHO, 'T0 IiaCTH4HO 3T0 CBA3aHO C TeM, LITO paCTBOp LIHCTOrO p460(IJ1aBI3Ha, )jo6aBJIeHHbIH B MO.TO':K,), 60Fee ,L OCTyue1l MHKpo6y, LIeM pH60(jJ1aBHtI, COJJep3Ka1_I4 cH B MOJIOKe. gaTh HCgcppuIbIBaIOHjee 06-i c- HeHHe 3TOMy 4)aKTy MbI B HaCTOHHjee BpeM51 3aTpyJlHHeMC51. Flo co,'Iep KaHHIO 6HOTIIHa MOJIOKO pa3I-Ib1X CC3011OB roJla HeCKOJIbKO OTJIHLIaCTCH. FIaMH 6bIJIO IlOKa3aHO, 4T0 o6pa3ubI JIeTHero MOJIOKa C0,2ep)KaT 60JIbIlle 6HOTHiia qeM 06pa3ubI BeceHHero MOJTOKa. 143 AaHHbIX Ta6JI. 3 BHJIHO, qT0 gyBCT'BHTeJlbHb!C KyJlbTypbl HOTpe'6JIHK)T H3 HeroJIHoueHHOr0 BC- ceHFIerO MOJIOKa McHbule 6HOTHFia, qCM H3 JIeTHerO. OHH HO KaKHM-TO HpH- LiHHaM He B COCTO5I111iH HCHOJIb3OBaTb JJJIR CBOC1i IIOP,Ma0bHO1.3 >K133}IeAex- TeJ}bHOCTH HMCIOHjHHCH B BeCCHHeM MOJIOKe 6HOTHH. Ta6.n~lua 3 17ompe6Aenue 6uotnuua MaA~~Iry ctrteumeAtx,t.aau u ItyecmeumennHbIMU KymrnypaMtt Sir. lacks u3 ec'ceHHe&o U AC1fHe2o MOAOKa (H Y/100 MJI) MaJIO4VBCTI NTCJIbj,Ie gyBCTFHTeJIblible KyJ[LTVpbI_ _ _... -_ KyJlbTypbl KOJIH4CCTF0 6HOTNNa p C 7 ep HJIbHOM III OJIOhe OCTaJIOCb OCT1 JIOCb HOCJIe pot Ta HOTpe6Jlello nOC.'IC pOCTa K yJ. b'Iy p bI KYJIbT)'pbI 0.056 0,047 0,056 0,017 0,039 0,008 0 048 0,017 0,048 , 0,049 0,047 0 05 0,11 0,066 , 0,044 0,06 0,05 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 M1:10~1V'BCTBNTCJIbIIb[C KyJlbTypbl TaK}KC' IIOTPC6.IHTT 113 BCCCIIIICI'O NIQIII,-LIIO, 13 BCCCIHICI(M T 1'RT1li I03O.TICTHCFOOMO~`IOKaC} BOHx03pa1NTCJIbHO ONOT 3 :1 b b1IIIC, 11CM V LIyBCTB111e1ibIX. IIO CO;ICp}Ka11N10 I10I[TOTCIIOB011 K11CO)bl I I1C, flCJ0BIaIiIII CbiaMO~C6pa3Ub, JICTIICI'0 11 BCCCHIICTO MO.':OKa M(,wjiy `O 1 SeteHHee M0176Ke C. tiI U I 17Y025 0,7,5y 015VQI4 yQl6y!ll4Y ? $ 1C 17 14 it) l8 I". 4 Y17 co-1 fier iiio e C9Y 1 04 y033y0,4 Y02Y 0,5y 035Y03 035y0,3 D,1y015 8 10 12 14 16 18 24 VaCb1 10 IZ 14 /6 /8 24 (Iacbl MCI/OK0 5 1165Y 065 y ar 0,5y Q5y -- - l"' 173v vt`-I h I LL7 10 1Z 14 16 18 Z4 II QCb/ h1{C. 1. ~OA(p>KaHHC' ^aHTOTPHOB041 KHCJIOTbl B AIIHaMHKe pa3BHTH51 KylibTyp Sir. lactis B MOJIOKe (7 Ha I MJI). .4 -- ManO IyBC1'B11Teahllan KynbTYPa; a - `lyncTBHTC.rmuaB. 9TOI'O BIITaMH41a B MO.IIOKC OKOJIO 3 y Iia I M.1. OHbITb} no OHpe;LCJIC1I111) TIacTOTCIP0B0T[ KHCJPOIbi CTa.BI1JIIICb B rjNNaMNKe pa3BNTIIB KyJlbTypbl. H3 p'HC. 1 RH }1O, 'ITO Cy1II,CCTBe11IIb1X pa3JIIl414I1 B OOb10IIC Ha1IT0TelIOB0il KHC.gOTbI V O6eHX rpyHH KyJlbTyp ]1C-I, B HCpBbIC 8-10 nac. pa3BHTHB KyJIbTypbl H;jCT HHTCHCHBI1CbC H0Tpc6.ne11HC HaHTOTCHOB4 K1TC1[OTbI, 3aTCM - IIe3Ha0BTCJIb0bH1 (NHTC3, nepC;[yioH IIAC51 C HOTpe6JICIIHem. B03M0}KHO, OTO Y Str. lactis HMCCTC51 CJIa6aH CHOCO6HOCTb CHIITe3Hp0BaTb HaHT0TeIIOBy1O KHCJIOTY. I/ICCJIe;jOBaHHe o6pa31jOB MOJIOKa pa3HbIX CC30H03 rO2a HOKa3aJlo, LITO IINKOTHHOBOI1 KHCJPOTbI 11 BeceIIHCM MOJIOKC CO;jCp)KHTCH IICCKOJIbKO M01ibLUe, heM B JICTHCM. FIOTpe6J[C11140 ee H CIIOCO611CCTb K C1,11IT03y H3yLiaJIHCh Ta'KMKe B )j1[HaM11Ke pa3BHTHft KyJlbTypbl B MOJIOKC. Ham y;la.'IOCb yCTaHOBNTb pa3- JIHRHC B OTHOHICHHII MajioiyBCTBHTeJlbHbiX H LIyBCTBHTe.lbHMX KybTyp~ K lill B KOTII~HOB01i K11CJIOTC (piC. 2). OKa3aJIOCb, 1TO H Te H ;IPVFIIC K) yp HCpBbIC 8--10 qac. 11HT IICIIBHO HOTpC6JIH10T HHKOTHHOBY 1KH 1ONI Ta1BTHO- CJIC.'Jj'iOI1LIIC T1aCi*l pa3314THH Ma,3OIIVBCTBIITe.IbUbIC KyJ Yp C1!F1TC311p0BaTb. L[VBCTBFiTe0tW C >KC Ky,3hTypbl iic- 06.nI HK)T CHOCO6HOCTbK) Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 17orpe6HOCTb Q 13UTOMIIHOX U curiTe3 BuTU;11UHoHH B y Streptococcus luctis 85 CHHTe3HPOB3Tb HHKOTHHOByJO KHCJIOTy, a IHMeIoIi[eecA 13 MOJIOKe KO.'1114eCTBO 3TOFO BHTaMHHa, 04eB11,1110, ,JJIH mix IIC;jOC'IaT04H0. B .IIHTepaType eC1'b yKa3aJ171H IIa CIIO'CO6HOCTb MOJ104IIOKIICJIb1X CIpCIITO- KOK'KOB CHHTe3HpOBaTb pH6oO)J7aBHH, o,1HaK0 3T0 ITCKOTOphlMi1 aBTOpa\ill OC- I1apHBaeTCA (Me..iy30Ba, 1956). C88 C88 te!ffl 8 10 1Z 14 15 15 N flpr upp, J:fcn0.K0 O.5Zy H - ! I 10 1L 14 17 1B 8 10 12 14 16 13 y0Cbl fi 40Cbl j0 Qo ,,S y 045y, Z,54~ 'v B 10 12 14 16 .>, 40Cb/ fe177Hee MOn0K0 10 1Z /4 15 18 24 110Cbt r BPC.eHHee M01707f0 0,9y 41/78 07 Y".1 01~ 111 1Z 14 11, 18 8 10 12 /4 /5 1818 11 n. rl i yO(, bI Puc. 2. Co i.cp aHHe HHKOTHHOBOI5 KHCJIOTbI i3 RNHamime pa3BI1TT l Ky.HbTyp) Sir. lactis B MOJIOKe (B 7 Iia I MJI); .1 - M21104YBCTI3HTeJIbllb1e KY.'IbTypbf; B - 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHbie. JlaH11b1e }KC 0 CHIITC3C MOJ1041IOKIICJIb1Ml1 CI'PCHTTOKOKKa11I ;lpyrIIX BIiTa- MHHOB 1'pyHHbi B, B OaCT'ITOCTH 1111KOTHHOBOIi KHCJIOTbI, OTCV1'CTByK)T. CoHTa- JOT, OTO MOJI04HOKHCJIbI0 CTpeHT'OKOKKH HC O6Jla,garOT CHOCO'611oCTblO CH11Te- 311poBaTb BHTaMHHbI PpyHHbl B. BepOATHO, aBTOpaM, 113y4aI3HIHM I1OTpc6- I1OCT11 B BHTaMIIHaX y MOJIO11HOKHC.7bIX CTPe11TOKOKKOB, Ile HpliXO,'11LJIOCb pa60TaTb C KyJlbTypaMil, MaJI04yBCTBHTeJIb11bIMH K Ce30IITIbIM H3MCH01IHA\I COCTaBa MOJIOKa, alia.rlorH11HbIMH HaIHHM KyJlbTypaM, KpOMC TO1'O, MbI He HaXoJLHM B JIHTepaTypo HaHHbIX 0,6 H3ygeiiHH HOTpe6JICHHH H CHIITC3H BHTa- MHHOB B BIIHaMHKe pa3'B11THH KyJIbTypbI. TaKHM o6pa3OM, aaHHb1e 110 HOTpe6JIe'HHIo it CHocO'6HOCTH K C11IITC3V HQ- KOTOpbIX BHTaMHHOB rpyHHbl B KyJlbTypaMH Str. lactic o6eHX rpvnn, KOTO- pbIMH MbI paCHOJIaraeM B HaCTOHILI',ee BpeMH, yKa3bIBaIOT Ha Cyu1eCTBe11Hb1c pa3JIHg11A Me%Jty 4VBCTBIITCJIbIIb!MII II Ma.704yBCTBHTeJJb11bIM11 Ky.-Ib1'ypaMI1_ 075 0,84 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 86 M. B. TeauAeeue Ma.r1o yBCTBHTeJlbHbie K ce30HHbIM H3MeHCHH9M MOJIOKa KyJlbTypbl oTJiH- gaIOTCH OT gyBCTBHT'eJ1bHb1X: McHee HHT'e-HCH'BHbIM noTpe6JIe-HHeM p116o(~Jia- BHHa, 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHbIM 1-1oTpe6JIeHHeM 6HOTHHa H CH0006HOCTbIO CHHTe- 311pOBaTb HH'KOTHHOBYIO KHCJIOTy. Heo6xoJ1HMO TaK}Ke OTMeTHTb, LITO, KpOMe 3THX oCO6eHHOCTON, Ma.nogyB- CTBHTeJIbHbIO KyJlbTypbl o6Jlap,aI0T 6oaee BbICOKOII npoTeo.IHTHgeCKOn aKTHB- IIOCTbIO. Mo}KHO npe,2nOJiaralb, 'TO 3T0 CBO ICTBO, 1-103BOJ1Afl Jlerge H nojlHee I[CnoJIb30BaTb Hy}KHble HM coeuHHeHHH a30Ta, oHpeaeJ15FeT AO HeKOTOpOH CTe- [IeH11 nX OTHomeHHe K TOMy HJIH HHOMY BHTaMHHy. Ma.logyBCTBHTeJIbHbie KyJ]bTypbl 6bl,nll Bb1,4eJIeHbl HaMH 143 CMeTaHbl B ueceuHHH nepuo . MON(HO npeJIfOJ10}KHTb, 9TO OnHCauHble BbIlne CBONCTBa ~)THX KyJlbTyp Bblpa60Ta.IHCb y 11HX B pe3yJlbTaTe npHCnoC06.T1eHHfl K H3Me- ]IHIO111HMCH yCJIOBHHM Cpe,Bbl B pa3Hble Ce3OHbl roAa, 'ITO JIaCT HM BO3MO)K- IIOCTb aKTHBHO BeCTH npouecc MO004HOKHCJIOPO 6p0)KeHHH Ha io.nolCe oio6oro Mona roAa. BbiBO Abi 1. Cpejiu Bb1JleJleHHbIX H3 CMeTaHbl H HpOH3BO1LCTBeHHbTX KyJ1bTyp Sir. lactic yCTaIIOBJIeHO HaJIHgHe JRBYX rpyrln KyJlbTyp, gyBCTBHTeJIbHbIX K Ce30H- 1[bIM YaHo e ITO AAA MHOaH bHO O ypOCTBaT 11 KHCJ10T0o6pa30BaHHH 2. ycTCTBOBJIeHO, PMaJI 113yiIaeMblC KyJIbTypbl Sir. lactiS Hy}KAaIOTCH B p16o(jJIaBHHe, B naHTOTe- ICOBOH 11 HHKOTH}IOBON KHCJIOTaX H B 6HOTHHe. 3. LlyBCTBHTeJIbTlble KyJlbTypbI Sir. lactis m 5i HOpMaJlbH0r0 pOCTa H ICNCJIOTOO6pa30BaHHA Ha IICHOJ lioueHHOM Be,CCHHeM MOJIOKC Hy}KAaloTCSl B ito6aBJ1eHHH K II-eMy C.MCCH BHTa-MHHOB, COCTOHIHeu H3 p16o()JIa:BH'Ha, HHKO- T1111O'BOI1 ri nairTOTeHOBON KNCJIOT H 6110TMIIa. 4. Ma,(T0gyBCTBHTeJIb1b1e KyJlbTypbl Sir. lactic OTJIHgaIOTC 1 OT gyBCTBH- TCJIbHbIX 60JIbnIet npoTeoJ111.TI1geCKOM aKTHBHO'CTbJO, CH0006HOCTbIO CNHTC- 3HpOBaTb HIIKOTHHOBYIO KHCJIOTy, McHee HHTeHCHBHbIM noTpee6JIeHHeM pH6o- (IaaBHHa it 60JIee HIITOHCHBHbIM - 6110TH1ia. JII4TEPATYPA F H 6 in Ni a H M. P. H3yrICHHe 6HOxHMHgecKHX CBO1ICTB MOJ10OHOKHCJ1bIX CTpenTOKOKKOR. MIIKpo6HOaorHH, 1938, T. VII, Bbin. 7, cTp. 875. I' Ii 6 m M a H M. P. H3McHgHB00TI MOaOMHOKI1cabiX CTpenTOKOKKOB. MHKpo6H0a0rHH, 1944, T. 13, Bbin. 5, Up. 238. a R b1 T 0 B P. 13 , r y JI b K 0 J1. E. B E p m a K o B a M. A. OCHOBHble BHTaMunbi B MOJIOKC Ii MOJIOgHbIX npOayKTaX. IZHHiefPOM11333T, 1956. V4 ii H x 0 B F. C. 13HOXHMnIo MO,OKa H M0T1011Hb1X npO3yKTOB. f-flfluenpoMH33aT, 1956. K 0 p 0 a e B C A. OCH03b1 TeXHH9ecKON MiiKpo611oaonHH MOaolHOro aeaa, 1932. M e a y 3 0 B a A. A. lyTH o6o7amenu9 MOa0OIIb1X 9PO3yKTOB BHTaMHHaMH C nOMOU1b o MHKpooprauu3M0B. ABTOpe(~epaT AuccepTaIII! H. 1956. A n d e r s o n A W. a. E l l i k e r P. H. The nutritional requirements of lactic streptococci isolated from starter cultures 1. Growth in a synthetic medium. J. of Dairy Sci., 1953a, v. 36, N 2, p. 161. A n d e r s o n A. W. a. E l l i k e r P. H. II. . J. of Dairy Sci., 1953b, v. 36, N 6, p. 608. (C, o I I i n s E. D., N e l s o n E. R. a. P a r m e l e e C. E Acetate and oleate requirements of the lactic group of streptococci. J. of Bact., 1950, v. 59, N I, p. 69. 1-1 u n t e r G. J. Growth requirement of lactic streptococci. Differences within the group. J. of Dairi research, 1949, v. 16, N 2, p. 152. N i v e n C. F. Nutrition of Streptococcus lactis. t te S n o g act., (1944 D. 4, N 4m,,p. 343. Vitaarf 43. der Orla -Jensen S., Otte H. C., Agn 434. Milchsaurebacterien, 1936, Zbl. filr Bact., 1936, II Abt., Bd. 94, N 19/23, p. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1'. A. Hoouicoea, ,9. A. HeTpoaa, B. 1'1. VIuaKoea u E. H. JeocbuJzoea ~05PA3OBAHHE AHAIJETHJIA H AL[ETOHHA MOJIOgHOKHCJIbIMH CTPEEITOKOKKAMH (i(acpe,apa MHKpo6HooorHH MrY) HOcBJICHHe apoMaTa MOJIOLIHOKHCJIbIX npOJjyKTOB CBR3aH0 C. 06pa30BaHHeM ?gHaueTljjla M0JIOi1HOKHCJIbIMH CTPCHTOKOKKaMH. 3TO coeJjullelme, TaK MKe KaK H aueTOrH, npojjylH,pyeTCH npH oHpejeJI-exxbix yC,.IIaBUAx HexoTopbI,MH MOJIOq- IfOK1ICJlblMH CTpeUTOKOKKaMH, XHMH3M o6pa3OBaHNfl 3THX coe}j1HeHHN He BBJI IeTCfl OKOH9aTejibH0 Bbl- RCIIeHHbIM. f1aH60JIbLHHM npH3HaimeM nOJIb3yIOTC5`I HCCJICJ.OBaI1HH XaMMepa H Ba6ejin (Hammer a. Babel, 1943), KoTOpble CnHTaIOT, qTO apoMaTOo6pa- 3yfoHjlle 6axTepHH OCyweCTB.,InIOT OJuloBpeMCHHO 113a npouecca: 1) npe- Bpanje1IHe FJIIOKO3bi B MOJIOtHyIO KHCJIOTy H 2) o6pa3oBaime H3 JIHMOHrioif KIICJIOTbI 9eTbipeXyrJIepoJjHbIX COei uueHHfi. AHaJIOru9Hble B3rJIA,gbi BbICKa3bf- BaJIHCb H gpyrHMH ygeHbIMH (Van Beynum a. Pette, 1939; Virtanen, 1937; Prill, 1939), CLIHTaBHIHMH JIHMOH+Hy1o KHC.TOTy HCTO4HHKOM o6pa3OBaHH5I JjH- 1I1eTHJIa H ar eToulia. KpeuH H BajmK (Krenn a. Valik, 1952), a 3aTeM HeTC (Pette, 1951) nbICKa3aJIH HpeJjHOJIOMKeHHe, 4TO npH C6pa)KHBaHHIi TIHMOHIION KHCJTOTbI apo- MaToo6pa3y1oLIurMH 6aKTepriHMH 06pa3yeTCH HeCKO,IbKO npOMe)KyTOgIHbIX CO- CJ(HHeHH13 H Cpejji HHX - nHpOBHHOrpajjHafl KHCJIOTa. 1-H6IDMaH (1939) yga.nocb ycTaHOBHTb Ha KyJlbType Streptococcus lactis, 4T0 ;io6aBJIeHHe K MOJIoKy 0,3% HHpOBHHOrpajjlIOil KHCJIOTbI CyrUeCTBeHHo 13;1H51eT Ha BbIXOJj 'leTbIpexyrJJepOJIHbIX COeaIJHCHHii B CTOpOIIy HX pe3KOro VBe,iHoieIIHn. K CO}KaJIeHHK), cpe,joil juin OnbiTilblx 6po)KeHHK CJIy}KJIJIO MO- .QO)KO, B KOTOpOM HapHJiy C JIaKTO3Ofi COJZepMKalacb JIHMOi111aM KIICJIOTa. R.mi JjoKa3aTeJIbCTBa TOFO, 1TO HHPOBHIIOrpaJjHafl 1CIICJIOTa JjeiiCTBIITeJIb- If() CJIVMUfT OJ[HHM H3 npOMCMKyTOLIHbIX coe;(HHeHHi3 B npoueCCe 06pa30Balru5`I tICTb1pexVr,ri po,gllbJX coejui11eliHli, JII1MOHHaR KHCJIOTa B CpC,ge 6bIJIa 3aMelIe- Ita HHpOBHHOrparjlrof. O6-b('KTOM HCCJIeJjoBaHlfl CJIy)KH.IH Ky.nbTypbl Sir. lactis if Str. diacetilac- ii. i>>, Bb1,,CJIe11HbIC B HHNIT1 113 HpOH3BO CTBeJ111ofi 3aKBOCKH. KV,TIbTypbi II OJjJICI)>KHBaJIIICb Ha 06paTe MOJIOKa 11 uepeceBaJII,ICb '-Iepe3 7-10 9Hef. j)IIbITHbIC 6pOMKeHH5I npoBojijiIHCb npH 30? B KOHH4eCKHX KOJ16ax Ha 500 MJI, SKCHHB. UJIq pa60Tb1 licnojlb3oBajlacb Cpej(a (50rua11oB, 1957) cJlcuyfonlerO CocTaaa: HenTOna - - 1 %, rJiiOKO3bl - I %, Kann i FH1MOHiIOKHCJIOro - 0,5%, FHJPOJIH3aTa MOJIO- Ka - I % K2HPO4 H KH2PO4 - 0,05%. HpeJlBapHTeJlbiible OilbiTbl rloKa3aj'H, TITO o6e nccJleAyeMble KyJIbTypbl xoporuo pa3BHBaiOTCST Ha BTOi1 cpe;te, HO pe3KO OTJnlgafoTCH ojiIa or upyroil CBOHM OTHOI11C11HCM K JiHMOHHOII KHCJIOTC (Ta6Jr. 1) B COOTBeTCTBHH C JIan- HbIMH IZHMCHOBOFI (1958). T a b aIl q a I Pa38alnue Strept. diacelilactis it Sirepi. lactis as cpe e c e/uON03011 It lubloHH0I7 KUCJOm011 pH r1oTpe6J1euo. C6pa3oHa --- -- ----- nocb, mM/n M It Kpoopra It H 3M b1 Ha4aJlb- II, e KOne'I 1100 nHMOH- HON KIICJ70- TI,1 I CJIK)KO- 31,1 H011 "'to" Kl11'JIO- Tbl neTy- yHX KH(-Jio'1 aqe- TOHIIa 111alIeTl1J1a diacclilactis Sir 5,11 4,115 '22,3 34 22,7 3,2 . Str. lactis . . 5,2 4,3': 18,5 8 12,5 0,421 1'13 uanllblx Ta6JI. I BIIJI,00, 'ITO Ha cpeue boruaHOBa Sir. diacetilactis c6pa>KHBaeT JIHMOHIIYIO K11CJ10Ty H o6pa3yeT 3HallHT0JIbHble KOJIHgeCTBa ull- aueTHJIa II auCTOlilla. S`r. lactis 110 nOTpc6.nSIeT JiHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbI H H3 `IC- TblpeXyr,IepoAIibTX coe,IIIieiiHil o6pa3yeT TOJIbKO auCTOHii. EC.nH yuaJiHTb 113 CpCubl BoruaHOBa JIHMOHHy}O KnCJIOTy, TO OKa3bnnBaeTC5I, 'ITO 6po>Keiine Str. lactis HO1TTH He 113MeHHCTCH, 3aTO CpepMen T arHBlraBB ue- 9TCJIbl10CTb Sir. diacetitactis pC3KO McHfteTCSI - KyJlbTypa HepeCTaeT o6pa- 30BbIBaTb TleTblpexyr,,TepOuHbl0 COeAHHeHHH, H CuHHCTBeHHbIM npOJLyKTOM 6po- Nieii119 (KpoMC J1CTVIIIJX KHCJIOT, KOTOpbIX 06pa3yeTC9 04ellb IIe31Ia9HTCJIbIi0C KOJIil'ICCTBO) CTallOBIITCH MO.IIO'-IHaH KHCJIOTa (Ta6Ji. 2). T a b Jt N u a 2 Pa30aalue Sir. diacetilactis H Sir. lactis Ha cpede c ZAIoK0306 Sir. IL0r1'lilaciis . Sir, lochs . . . . pll fOTpc6- J1CHO rJ11C11C I189.UAb- KOIICI HUM/JI Hoc Hoc 5,5 24 O6pa3OHaJIOCb, 111MI.?I M O,fIO~OI011 I JICTV''I HX aHC'olllla IiiU e'l li:la K11(J10Tb1 KHelIOT 12 14,5 2.4 8,11) C:ICuw 0,511 HnTepecno OTMeTHTb, 'TO XOT51 KyJlbTypa Sir, lactis He noTpe6JineT .n11- MC11110H KHCJIOTbI, HpHCyTCTBIIc ee B Cpeue Be; eT K HOBbIIIIeHHOMY nOTpe6Jle-11 1111io IJilOKO3bi H yBCJiH9eHHIO BbIXOua MOJIOLIiIOH KHCJIOTbI, !KOTOpOH Ha Cpeue C 0,[11011 i'JIIOKO3OH C6pa3yCTCH ITOLITH BJIBOC Menbnle. C.'iCU0BaTeJib1IO, K111K noKa3aJlH npelBapHTeJlbHble OnblTbl, KyJlbTypa Sir. diacetilactis o6pa3yeT 3HaIHTeJIbHble KOJTHUeCTBa JI,HaueTHJTa m aucl'o- Hlla B HpHCYTCTBIIH JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbI B Cpeue. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 06pa30eaHUe duat(eTUna u at(eTOUHa MoliO NOrcne/ln(Mtl crpenTOKOKtca int 89 Sir. laciis tie C6pa]KHBaeT JIHMOHHO>I KHCJIOTbI It r13 0CTbIPexvr,rinpOJjHbrx COejuineiiiiii 06pa3yCT TOJIbKO aIIeTOHII, KOTOpblli, HO-BFIAIrMOMy, HOJIy'iaeTCH 113 r.1ioK03bI. Ec. it JIHMOHIIyJO KHC.TOTy B Cpe,3e 3aMeHFITb nitpoBHF orpa.'[I10fl, TO If B OTOM CJlytlae o6e IrCCJlejlyeMble KyJlbTypbl o6Hapy}KIIBaIOT XOpo11]ee pa3- 6HTIIC. OAFtaKo B HplJCVTCTBIIH HHpOBHFIOrpaAFioj KFICJIOTbI XOj (po?KeHHH V Sir. lactls CyIIIeCTBeHFIO H3MCIIHCTCH. KaK yKa3biBaJIOCb BbIIIIe, 3Ta KyJIbTy- pa o6pa3yeT To/IBKO aueTOHII II He IjaeT AHalieTHjia: CCJIH )KC B cpeje eCTb MIPO13HIrorpaAHaH KHCJIOTa, TO BbIXOA AHaueTHJIa AOCTIlraeT 3HaLlIITe.ThHUX BCJIHT1HII. TaROM o'6paMGM, KVJIbTVpa, paHc'e ire o6pa3C'BbI'BaBHraB HaIIf TII.,T.1 B ;Tpli- CyTCTBNH HHpoBHllorpa,1uo0 KHCJIOTbI, CTaHOBHTCH XOpOIHHM apoMaTO06pa3o- BaTeJICNI. B JjaJIbIIei wcM 6bIJIO HpOBefIcHO H3yoeIIHe BJIHHHHH pa3JIHgHbrx KOJIHOeCTB HHPOBHHOrpa,q,HOU KIICJIOTbJ B cp,u(e Ha o6pa3oaaxxe neTbrpexyrJTepoAHbix co- eJ[HIIetIHH o6011MIr BHjjaMH CTpenTOKOKKOB. ,gaHllbre AJIH KyJlbTypbI Sir. d aceillactls HpeACTaBJIeHbl B Ta6JI. 3. Ta6amua 3 Pa3eumite Sir. diacelilactis no cpcde c pa3nu'IHVt,u r Koauucentea3u nupceuucepaducu Kucnorn ^1 NUI N,Ow,t,oil I ueTY~Mo 0,02 11,1 17,0 7.2 C.'1CA L1 0,10 5,4 4,5 6,1 28,2 2-"/, 0,5[i 30 0 0,`5 1 1.~1 18,4 29,0 7, It `3,10 , 1 14 0,35 5,/t 4,8 22,2 38 0 10 0 3 10 , O iiO ~ , , , 1,;,(1 , 0 3 5 ,0 /11,0 27,/t 2,20 1,05 ,70 5,7 5,3 - 59,0 - 1,80 0,911 H3 AaIIIIbnx T?a61I. 3 BFIAHO, TO HaH60JIbwfH BbIXOA 0I0TbIpexyr,3epo,t[Flblx cOeAunCIIHU noJly,laeTCH Hpo1 CoAepx{aHHH B CpeAe 0.2-0,3% IIHpoBlnlorpaA- HOIi KHCJIOTbI (COr/TaClio C AaHHbIMH 1-H611jMaII, 1939). IIpu AaJIbHCLIweM yBeJIH4eIIHH coi ep}KaHHH HHpOBHHOrpa,rHOH KHCJIOTbI KOJIHIICCTBO jIIaIIeTII.)Ia o allCTOHHa yMCHbwaCTCH. HHTepeCHO OTMCTHTb, 4TO C yBe/iJIIICHHeM KO:111- 'eCTBa fHHpoBFIHorpa. nroii KIICJIOTbI B Cpe. e pOCTeT HOTpe6.TeHHe rJIIOKO3bI H 06pa3yCTCH 60.IbHloe KOJIH4eCTB0 MOJIOUHOrI KHCJIOTbI, T. C. KyJibT'pa CTa- 0O311TCH 60JIee BHeprHHHbtM KHCJIOTOo6pa30BaTeJIeM. TaK, eC.'III MaKCHMyNI c16pa3oBauHH AHarjeTH.Ta H aIeTOHHa HaxoAHTCH npH 0,35% nHpoBHHorpall- 110fl KIiCJIOTbI, TO IraH6oJIIbruee KOJIIIgeCTBO MOJIOgHOfi KHCJIOTbI o6pa3yeTC5f npH co)tcpxcaiiHn 0,7% fHpOBHHOrpaAHOH KHCJIOTbI B Cpe,gc. AHaJIont,m Ie AalrHbre 6b1.7IH HOJlytreHbl AJIH Sir. laciis (Ta6JI. 4). KaK BHAIio H3 jaiiijbIx Ta6JI. 4, MaKCHMaJIbHOe KO.IIHIICCTBO AirageTHJIa o6pa3yeTCH B 3TO1'I KyJlbType HIM Co,[ep}KaHHH 0,1-0,3% nHpOBIIIIOrpaAlroN KHC.TIOTbI B Cpefe. HliTepecrro OTMeTHTb TOT q)axT, TO B Ky3bType Sir. laciis BbIXOA ageTOHHa paCTeT C YBeJIHtICHHeM npoueHTa HHpOBHHorpaAIIOH KHc,no- TbI, H HaH60JIb1IIee KOJIH9eCTB0 alleTOHHa (8,227 mM/Ji) yCTaHOBJICHO npH 0,6% nHpOBHHorpaJIHON KHCJIOTbI B cpefle. Ha cpefle c ;io6aBJI0H;IeM nopOBHHOrpa) Ho i KHCJIOTbI K rJI10KO3e 6po>KeHHe HAeT He Xy}Ke, LIeM HpH AO- 6aBJIeHHH JIHMOHHOIi KHCJIOTbl. KOJIHgec1BO AHaueTHJIa H aueTOHHa H HX CO- OTItOlHet1 Ha 06eHX KHCJIOTaX oAHHaKOBbI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 F. A. Ho6UKoea, 3. A. Herpoea, B. H. YtuaKoea u E. 11. (Peo(uioea Ta6nHua 4 Pa3eumue Sir. laclis Ha cpede c pa3AU11Hb1MU MlulcecmeaMU nupoeunoepalHO9 Kucnonwc Kon"' errro Ilo Tpe6neno O6pa3oean oCb, mMln TWO] HHO- rp%1:Tit 011 KH- CJIOThI, ?-n r JlIOKO3h1, MOJIO"11011 nLM'n K41(nOThi neTyvlix aueTOHila 0uallIeTmia KHCJIOT 1 0 5,2 4,4 13,2 15,77 10,56 1 ,264 1,257 , 2 0 5,0 4,5 16,2 29,60 13,28 3,187 1,193 , 0 3 5,2 4,1 17,4 34,40 15,02 5,128 1,464 . 4i 0 5,5 4,4 23,4 43,20 12,50 5,?85 0,635 , 0,6 5,2 4,6 32,7 51,60 12,73 8,27 0,391 B npouecce pa6oTbI yCTauoBJIeHO, LITO Ha'IaJlbHbI1'I pH Cpeabl HMeeT OLIeFib 6OJIbIIIOC 3HageHHe 11151 pa3BHl'H5`1 Str. diacetilactis it o6pa3oBaFIH 1 4eTblpeX- yr.ICpo]wcTblx coumieHHH. H03TOMy 6bIJTH HOCTaBJIeHbl OHbITbI Ha cpeAC c HHpoBIuorpaJlHou KHCJIOTOH 11 rJI1OK?030Fi c pa3JIHII'HbIM HaL1aJIbHbIM pH : 7,2; 5 6 Jr. . 6,1; 5,4; 4,3. Pe3yJIbTaTbl OIIbITOB HpeACTaBJ1CHbI B Ta Ta6nHua 5 Bnu1HUe PH Ha pa3eumue Sir. diacelilac'is Ha cpede c eAoKo30a u nupO6tLHO padnoa KUCJIOmoa H a'IaPb- 4401'C'I- lICe HKe Ha pKaHbIX CpejjaX, B KoTOphie A06a- 13JI2JiH 3 MJI rH)jpOJIH3aTa KapTOCpeJIH H 2 MJI rH,rjpoJIH3aTa Tilonima Ila 100 MJI cpeJlbl. AHaJIH3Hpysi KapTO(peJlbllble H px(anble cpeJjbl, KOTOpbIC 6bIJIH npHMCHeHbI B HauHHX HCCJIeJOBaIIIrHX, MbI yCTaHOBHJIH, LITO OHH OT.nH9aIOTCA MCMKAy co6oii KOJIIILICCTBOM pa3I1bIX q)opM a30Ta. TaK, no AaIIHbIM Haimix HCCJICJ[OBaHtiff B KapTO(~eJIbHOi-i cpeAe coJjepMKHTCSI aMHHOKIIC.IIOT 16-20 Mr%, noJllinenTH- AOB - 10-14 Mr%, HeopraHHgecKHx co.nei - 7-9 Mr%; B p>l(aHOfi cpeue aMHIIOuHCJIOT- 6-8 Mr%; fOJIHnenTHJjoB - 0,1-0,3 MI-% H i-ieopranHLle- CKOrO a30Ta - 4,5-6 Mr%. HOJIyLICHHbl'e aa'HHble HO3BOJISIIOT 'IIpCJTjiiO:IO>KHTb, LITo IIe6Jlaronpnsll9ibie yCJIOBHll JI;JIA pOCTa H 6pwwKeHHB 6yTHJIOBbix 6aKTepHfi Ha 1)MKaHOrf cpeAe 06YCJIOBJICHbI HeJjOCTaTOLIHbIM KOJIHLIeCTBOM B iiefl paCTBOpllMbtx coeAlIHerlHlrl a30Ta. 14TO6bi npOBepHTb 3TO nOJIOMKenne, MbI H3ygaJIH o6Meli a3o,ra y 6yTHJIOBbi:( 6aKTepnll npH pocTe HX Ha KapTO(penblIOit H p)Kaiioi3 cpe,Ijax, a TaKMKe Ha pKaHO14 Cpejje, K KOTOpOI3 Ao6aBJIHJIHCb HeKOTOpble HCTOHHHKII a3OTa. HCCJIejOBaHHSB HpOBOJ[HJIHCb B AHHa'MHKe poCTa KyJlbTypbl HBO Bp~eMH HaH- FO.aee HHTCHCIIBHOrO pa3MHOMKeHH51, B nepIiOJ nOJmHOro HC'Ie3iiOBCHH5i KpaX- MaJla H K KOHgy 6poMKe.HnB. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 KOJTH4eCTB0 aMH1TOKHCJIOT H nO.JIHne,HTHJO'B 'B Cpe;le H B KyJlbTypaJIbHOH )KHAKOCTH onpe.eJI51J10Cb McTOAOM CHH'pTGBOrO THTpOBaI-IHSI, no BHJIbHITeTTe- py H BaJIbRLuMnJjT-JIe1TUy, B BO/LLIIO-CnHpTOBbIX 50 H 80?-HbIX paCTBopax (HBAHOB, 1946). HeopraHH4ecKHH a30T onpeJeJIHJIc51 J[H14y3HOHHblM CHO- Co6oM 110 KoJIH4eCTBy BbIAeJIHBIllerOCH aMMHaKa (BeJl03epCKHH H HpOCKypH- KOB, 1951). PIIC. 1. Jj11HaMHKa 1T:MeHenHSi p23HbIX (1)ofM asoTa B Iipouecce pocTa Ha pa3Hblx cpelaax IHTaMMa No 155: H 4- IleopraHH4ecKHa a30T; 2 H 5 - HOJIHHenTHIIbI; 3 Ii 6 - aMHHOKHCP.OTbl. CHJrowua51 JI LHH - KapTo4)e.1b1ast cpe;la; HyIiKTHPHaH - P}KauaH cpetta Ha pue. 1 Ilpej,813JIC11a JHHaMHKa H3MCIICIIHSI pa3JIHgHbIX (IJOpM a30Ta B BpouCCCC pocTa na pa3nbIX cpeilax y LHTaMMa 155. B Ta6J1. 1 IOKa3allbl H3MCHeHHH KOJIH4CCTBa a30Ta aMHIIOKHCJIOT, rIOJIH- nenTHJIOB H neOprala4ecKax coJIeH cpeabl npn pOCTe BCeX I-ITaMMOB Ha Kap- To(peJlbHO}I It p}Kano13 cpe,gax. KaK BHJ1H0 H3 )jaHHbIX, npHBeJJe11IIbIX B Ta6.I. 1, 6OJIbLIIHIICTBO LHTaMMOB 6yTn loBblx 6aKTepHH npH ~pOCTC Ha KapTO(j)eJlbllou cpeJe noTpe6JIHeT 113 Hee 60JIbnIe aMHHOKHCJIOT, 4eM 113 p}KaHOH CpeAbi. OAIIaKO 1Ia KapTO(j)eJIb- HOH cpeae 061uee KoJIH4e'CTBO aMHHO,KH'CJIOT 3a rice BpeM5 Ha6JIIoacimn, (70 qac.) MaJI0 MCHHCTCH no cpaBHCHHIO C IICXOAIION (CTepuIJlbl1OH) CpeIjOH, TaK KaK B npouecce POCTa 6aKTepHH HpOHCXOJHT H HaKOnjIeHHe HeKOTOpOro KOJIH4eCT'Ba aMHHOKHCJIOr. KOJIH4eCTBO }KC HOTpe6JIeHHbIX n0JlHnenTIMOB B npouecce POCTa Ha o6enx cpe, ax cyLueCTBeHI1o He OTJIH4aJIOCb. C.n('JycT OT- McTHTb, 4T0 XOTH KOJIH4eCTBO noJIIInerITHAOB B CTepl JIbHOH p}Kanoi cpeue 3Ha4HTeJIbIIO McHblLIe, 4eM B KapT04)e.nbHOH, B npouecce pocTa Ha 3TOH Cpe- JI,C (K 16 ac.) CaMH 6aKTepHH BbIJjeJISIIOT IIX, a B nocJleayloLUHe 4acbl POCTa 31Ieprn4no nOTpe6JIrIOT. HeoprallH4eCKIHR a30T H3 p)KaHOH epeAbl nOTpe6JI5leTC5i fO4TH BeCb, oJj- HaKO 3TO KojlugeCTBO 6bIJIO 3Ha4HTeJlbHO McHblue KOJIH4eCTBa a30Ta, nOTpe6- JIeHHOrO n3 KapTO(eJIbHOH CpeAbl. TaKIIM 06pa30M, npH pOCTe 6yTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHH Ha pxcaHOH cpeAe nOT- pe6JI5IJ1I1Cb 3Ha4HTeJIbHO McHbLL1He KOJIH4eCTBa paCTBOpHMOI'O a30Ta. q.Tm Bb1ACHeHnH, KaKHe x{e HMCHHO aMHHOKHCJIOTbI H aMHJbl nOTpe6JlnlOT H3 nH- TaTeJIbHOH cpe.Lbi 6yTHJIOBble 6aKTep11H, 6bIJIH npoBeaeHbI HccJIeAOBaHHH Ka- McCTBeHHOrO COCTaBa aMHHOKHCJIOT KapTO(peJIbnOH H p}KaHOH cpeA Ao H nocJte POCTa 6aKTepHH B TegeHHe 24 qac., a TaK}KC HBMeHeHHSI B KOJIHLIeCT- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 06MeH a3ora y Ho6o11 pa3Ho8udHOCTU Clostridium butyricum Prazmowsky 95 Ta6.,1HLL a I H3MeHeNUA KrAu ccmea aNUHCKUCA( m, ncAunenmudce U HerpeaHU,iemux c AM a:cma Ha Kapml cpCA'-n(O u pJicai cpecax Co epeMA pr ema 6ymuA, ebix 6aKmepuU (B M2o;;) ----------------------- ------ KaPTOd,enbHa9 cpe,ga PxcaHa2 c N= _-- P e A a ----------------------- - WTaM- A30T M8 BPEMA POCTa, gaCbl 65 82 94 155 65 82 94 155 65 82 94 155 Ho.IIIIJen- THROB Heorra- I II'I CCK N N 0 1b 24, 10 j 48 CO 72 I 0 1G 24 40 48 16 16 15 14,6 17,5 22,0 18,0 8,4 8,0 8,3 16,9 19,613 13 3,214,5 X2,0 17,5 8,4 6,75 8,1F 6,15 17,3 12,6 31,2 17,5 19,0 _7,0-3,7 8,418 6 8 `5 7 16,0 19,5 11,5 12,5 11,0 19,0 15,5 8,4 6,0 g,6 8,4 14,L 12,4 10,6 14,-- 4,: 11,5 11 11,3 14,3 17,5 9,5 7,3 9,5 7,0 7,0 7,2 9,5, 8,0 16,5 8,7 4,0 7,0 7,0 5,5 13,5 7,5 5,0 6,5 2,5 2,3 7,9 1 9,1 5,2 7,2 10,0 10,0 6,95 6,1 4,25 2,0 2,0 2,8 11,0 5.0 0,1 9,0 13,35 10,3 8,L 0,19,' 6,9 8,S 7,0 0, 1 17,3 3,8 3,01 2,110,1 17,7 2,2 8,7 7,215,8 2,4 2,3 7,1 10,0 5,8 3,2 0,7 8,4 4,0 5,8 0 0,5 0 1 0 5,8 0,44 ,10 6,15 4,3 3,7 1,9 0,3 0,6 0 0 7,6 8,1 5,4 6,4 2, 3 2,6 4,1 2,0 0,2 0 0 0,5 7,0 (i,8 7,0 (i,b 0,9 0,6 0,3 0 0 0.6 0 0 5,0 0,2 5,8 6,2 0,4 0,12 0,98- 0 0,3 0,6 0 0 Be a30Ta acnaparHHa H r,,TIOTaMI,Ha B npouecce pocTa Ha 3THX Cpe,iax. Ko- JIHgecTBO a30Ta aCnaparmia H rJIIOTaMHHa onpejle.nHJlocb McTO,ZOM KpeTO- BIT4a H EBCTHFHCeBOl1 (cM. Be.lo3cpCKHN H l-lpocKypHKOB, 1951) . )IJ19 113y4CHHA Ka4eCTBCHHOPO COCTaBa aMHHOKHCJIOT hbIJI npIl7!('[IcH MC- TO)j pax1aJlb1ioI xpoMaTOrpa(JHu na 6yMare (Krishnamurthy, Swarnina- than, 1954; Rao, Vadhawani, 1955). ,L[aHHble 3THX HcCJiejjoBanliH npegcTaB- JICHbI B Ta6J1. 2. M3 Ta6Jl. 2 BHjjHO, TO CTepHJIbFIaA KapTO(~eJIbHaB cpejja COjcpNKaHax. McTO,goM KpeToBH4a H EBCTH1HCeBOIt~ HH B KapTO(~)CJIbHOI~1, HH B p}KanoN Cpe,e r,nloTaMHHa haH,ICHO HC 6b1.1o. I..TioTa- MHH yjjajioc o6Hapy}KHTb TOJIbKO McTOjjoM xpoMaTorpacl)HH Ha 6ymare. Kaplo(pejibHaH cpeija (Ta6iI. 2) co)jep}KNT 3Ha4HTe,IbFlbie KOJIn4ecTBa 15 aMHHOKHCJIOT H JjByX aMHJjOB (acnaparHHa H rJlhOraMHHa). B p.K 6y - THJIOBOFO CnupTa OHH Hy~K,jaroTCSJ B 60JI1,IIICM KOJIHgCCTBC pa3FIhIX aMHIIC- KHCJIOT, KOTOpbfe B pxcaHofi Cpejje HJIII OTCYTCTByIOT tIJIH HaXOjjnTCSI B HCjl,O- CTaTOgHbIx KOd7HgeCTBax. BbiBOA 161 1. H3ygeu o6Meuu a30Ta y HleTblpex HITaMMOB 6YTHJIOBbIx 6aKTCpIILI (HO- BOfI pa311OBHjjxoCTH Cl. butyricum Prazmowsky) B jjHHammKe POCTa Ha pa3- HbIX Cpe,jaX. 2. KapTO()CJIbf{aH cpejja, COjICp3Kauja51 3HagIITeJlblible KOJIIIgCCTBa pa3- HbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT, n0J11HCHTHjIOB H HeopraHHTICCKHx COJICIi a30Ta, BB,IIBeTCSI HaH6o,/Iee 6JIarOnp113qTHOfI jIJISI }KIf3HegeHTeJIbHOCTH 6yTHJIOBb!X 6aKTepHli H o6pa30Baimq HMH paCTBOpuTCJIeff. fpH pOCTe Fla 3TOIi Cpe11e fPOHCXO,j1fT 3HepfHg11oe nOTpe5JIeHHe BCCX COjjep}KaMHXCH B Heft paCTBOpHMbIX (jOpM a30Ta. 3. PN{aua2 cpejja COAep}KHT 3Hag11TeJIbifo McHbwuc KOJIHgeCTBa paCT- BOpHMbIX (l)OpM a30Ta H MeubIHHIi Ha6op pa3HbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT. B npouecce poCTa 6yTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHf3 Ha 3TOA cpe:te HPOHCXOjjIIT He- 3HagHTeJIbHOC nOTpc6JIeHHe aMHHOKHCJIOT H foJIIIHenTHZjoB, HeopralfHgecKHIi a3CT Cpe.Ijbl HOTPC6JI2eTCB nOLITH Becb, O)IHaKO 3TO KOJIFIgeCTBO 3FIagHTeJIb- HO McHhwe HeopraHllgecKoro a30Ta, nOTpe6Jfemioro n3 KapTO(IJeJIbHON CpejjbI. 4. Ilpli jj06aBJICHIIH K p}KaHOfI Cpejje paCTHTeJIbHbIX rHJjpOJIH3aTOB, CO- ,ijep}Kawifx 6CJ7bwHe KOJIngeC'IBa paCTBOpHMbIX q)opM a30Ta, Ha6JIIOjjaJJocb yJIyquiefuie a30THOrO nliTar-w i 6YTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepJHi, BbIpa3HBHIeeCn B F1OBbI- IHeHHif KOJIHgeCTBa IIOTpe6JIeIlHbIx aMHHOKHCJIOT, HOJIHHeFTHjjOB H HeopraHH- IlecKOrO 130Ta. 3TO H 06VCJIOBHJIO 60JIee 9HeprHgJIOe pa3MHO}KCHHe, 6po}Ke- HHe H o6pa3OBaHHe paCTBOpHTeJle1 Ha 3THX cpeijax. 5. r1pa COnOCTaBJIefill H 06MCHa a30Ta y 6YTHJIOBbIX 6aKTepHIi Ha KapTO- q)eJIblION H p1KaHoil cpejjax 6blJIIf BbIBCHeHbI HX HOTpe6HOCTH B pa3HbIX COe- JIHHeHHHX a30Ta jjJISI pOCTa, pa3MHo}KeIIHSI H o6pa3oBaHHSI paCTBOpHTeJlefi. JIHTEPATYPA B e JI 0 3 e p c K H I 1 A. H. H 1-I p O C K y p H K O B H. H. HpaKTH4ecKoe pyKOBO'gCTBO no 6H0- XHM!HH naCTeHHN. Al., 1951. It B a H 0 B H. H. McTOIbI (JH3HOJIOI-HH H 6HOXHMnH paCTCHH4i. CeJIbXO3ru311946. H e p y e a JI H M C K H 6 H. ;J. A30THoe H BHTaMHHHOe HHTaHHe MHKpo50B. H3,1-Bo AH CCCP, 1949. II p 0 K 0 Iu e B C. M B,HOXHMHB KapTO(beJiu. H3,1. AH CCCP, 1947. p eHKeJlb F. M., JIHnm HUB. LI., Ka p n e H KO M K. H KOJI0HHCKa9 H. )J. CBOrl- CTBa HeKOTOpbIX aHa)po6nb1x 6aKTepoi1 H3 poaa Clostridium Prazmowsky. MHKpo6Ho- .nO"Hn, 19.;6, T XXV, Bbin. 4. CTp. 429. K r i s h n a m u r t h y K., S w a m i n a t h a n M. Separation of lysine from other amino acids by circular paper chromotogra^hy. Sci. and Culture, 1954, v. 20, N 1, p. 51. Me Da n i e l L E, Woo I e y D. a. Pet e r s o n W. Growth factors for bakteria, VII Nutrient requirementes of certain Bi:tyl-Alcohol producing bacteria. Journ. Bacteriol., 1939, v. 37, N 3, p. 259. R a o N.. W a d h w a n i T. Quantitative estimation of aminoncids by circular paper chrom.itogranhy. Journ Indian Inst Sci., 1955 37, N 2, A130-Al40 Tatum E., Peterson W. a. Fred E. An unknown factor stimulating the formation of butyl alcohol by certain butyric-acid bacteria. Journ. Bncteriol., 1934, v. 27, N 2, p. 207. Tatum F.. Peterson W. a. Fred E. Identification of asparagine as the substance stimulating the production of butyl alcohol by certain bacteria. Journ. Bacteriol., 1935, v. 29, N 6, p. 563. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 E. 9. Pauc6a, T. A. Ta.rcuka, H. H. 3axapO6a u M. B. KaaaHCKa. BHOXHMH'ECKHE H3MEHEHH51, HABJIIOAAEMbIE Y HEKOTOPbIX BAKTEPHR KHWE4HOI1 I'PYTII1bI B I1POLLECCE HX H3MEHgHBOCTH (I'IHCTHTYT MHKp06H0JI0FHH AH YCCP) B OCHOBe H3MeHtIHBOCTH MHKpOOpraIMMOB .ne>KaT H3MeHeHH51 HX O6MeHa BeLUeCTB. F103TOMy H3y4eHHe XHMII4CCKOFO COeTaBa H OOMeHa BeIIIeCTB y 113- McHeHHbIX Cj.)OpM no cpaBHeHIITO C HCXOAHbIMH npeJICTaBJIReT 60JIbHIOH HHTe- peC AJ H nOHHMaHHR npOLICCCOB H3MeH4HBOCTH. HaCT051a aH pa6OTa np0'B,OAHJIacb B I/IHCTHTyTe MHKp06HOJI0rHH AH YCCP B OTAe.1e 6HOXHMHH MHKpOOpraHH3MOB. MbI 113yga.u HBMeHeHHSI B o6MeHe BeLUeCTB, Ha6JIIo[aIOIlIHecfl npH Jia6OpaTOPHOF1 H3MeHgHBOCTH 6pec- JIaBJIbCKOH H K11HIe4HOH naJIO4eK. Pa60Ta BeOaCb KOM:IJIeKCHO c JIa6OpaTO- pHCH H3MeHgHB0CTH MHKp00praH1I3M0B HHCTHTyTa MHKpOOHOJIOTHH AH YC,CP, COTpyAHHKII KOTOpOH (BH3Hpb, HaCetIHHK H Llyp-Lt]VJIbTU, 1953, 1955) noJIy4a.1H H3MeHeHHble (1.)OpMbl H IIpe7,OCTaBJIHJIII HX AJIR HccJIeROBa- IIH5I. IzI3ytleHHble KyJlbTypbI npHHaJJlexcaJIH K TpeM rpyrlnaM: 1) BapHaHTbl, Bbl,3eJleH.Hble HVTCM >; 2) BTOpHOHbIC KyJlbTypbI, pereHe- plipOBaHHble H3 CcHiJIbTpyIOLH,HXCH C1)OpM; 3) Lue:i 4e06pa3y1OH1He BapHaHTbI, fOJIygeHHble 3KCHCpHMCHTHJIbHO H Bbl,je..1CHHbIC H3 npHpoAbI. Bap Ha HTbl, Bb1Ae.TieIIHhl C nyTeM KaLuciI K rpyfHC napaTHCp03- IIbIX B-OaKTCpiIH. B OHb1T X yKa3a1HIIbIX aBTOpGB BbIpaLIIHBaunc KHIIICTIHOH naJ104KH Ha 3TIIX np0AVKTaX 11p1BOAHJIO K IIORBJIeHHIO MIIOIOOHCJICHHbIX BapnalITOB, KOTOPbIC 0T.,'IH4aJInCb OT HCX0AHOII KHLIIe4IlOH naJ104KH HO p5Ay CBOFICTB. TaK, 05111 arrjIIOTHHHpOBaJIHCb CbIB0p0TKaMH HPOTIIB 6peCJIaBJIbCKOH naJIO'KH B JIOBO.IIhHO BbICOKHX pa3,Be, eIILTRX, 06J1a3aJIH HCKOTOpOH HMMyHO- 1CHIIOCTbIO ASR MbIIHeu, npeAOXpaHHSI FIX OT 3a60JIcBaHHsl Hpll 3apa>KeH'm Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BUOxllMllkecKUe U3MekeHUR y OaKTepua Kucuequou apynnbl 103 }KHBOIi KyJlbTypOI/ 6pecTIaBJTbCKOIi naJI04KH, C6pa KHBaJIH caxap Tax, KaK TIOCJIeaHHSI, m T. n. HeKOTopble 113 BapHaHTOB npHo6peTaJIH TaK)Ke -iaTOreH- HOCTb Jl rISI 6eJIbIX MbIIILel. TaKHM 06pa30M, HO p1,gy CBOHCTB BapHaHTbI up116JIH3HJIHCb K KVJTbType H OT1gaJIHJIHCb OT HCXOjWOIi. Y 113MeileHHblx BapHaHTOB KHLHe4HOIi HajjOUKH 6bIJIo npOBe,geHO H3yieHHe HyKJIeHHOBOrO, HypHHOBOPO 06MeHa H HyKJIeonpOTeHaO3. OaHOBpeMeHHO BCeM BHaaM HCCJICJ[OBaHHSi HOJjBepraJIHCb H HCXOJjHble KyJIbTypbl 6pecJIaBJIbCK0Ii q KHLuegHOI3 nadaogeK. B paHee O Iy6JIHKOBaHHbIx pa60Tax HpH'BeJjeHbl ,IjaHHbie HO Co) ep3KaHIHIO HyKJleHHOBbIX KHCJIOT, aKTHBHOCT'H HyKJIea3 H ue3aMHHa3 Hyp1HOB (FaRKH- Ha, 1954; Paul6a H FarIKHHa, 1954; PaLu6a H Kpa4K0, 1954). Orlbrrbi noKa3a- JIH, 4T0 BCe BapHaHTbI HO 3THM noKa3aTe.,TAM OTJIH4alOTcH OT HCXOJjHbIX KyJIbTyp, npH4CM jja1IHble y BapHaHTOB 6OJIbHIef 1aCTbJO pa3HOTHHHbI, 4T0 COOTBeTCTByeT HX HeyCTaHOBHBHJCFICH HaCJIejjCTBeHHOCTII. 1{OJ]HyeCTBO HyKJIeH- HOBbIX KHCJIOT V OTjje.IIbHbIX Cy6KyJIbTyp BapHaHTOB 6bIJI0 HOJjBep}KeHO 3Ha- 4HTeJIbHo 6oJIbLUIIM KOJIe6aHH5iM, 4eM y HCX0,a!1bIX KyJIbTyp, npu'-IeM c Te4e- HHeM BpeMeHH OHO HHOr,ega H3MeHHJI0Cb, HpHTOM B onpeae.ncHHOM HanpaBJle- HHH. AKTI-IBHOCTb a,1eHa3bl H ryaHa3bl y HeKOTOpbiX BapHaHTOB 6bIJIa 3Ha4HTeJlbr, o 6oJIbmeFi, 4eM y HCXOaHbIX KyJIbTyp. /gift BBIJjeJIeHHA HyKJIeoITpOTeHjOB 6blJIH npHMeHeHbI McTOJjbI, He BbI3bI- BaIOLUHC , cHaTVpauHH 6eJrKoB. Pa6oTa BeJIaCb npH OXJIa?K,geHHH, npi 3Hahle- HHHX pH, 6JIH3KHX K IIef!TpaJIbIIOMV; HpH HeO6XORHMOCTH BbICyUJHBaHHH 6eJIKOB npOH3BOJjHJIaCb JIHO(JJHJIbHaH CyJuKa. YOTaHOBJIeHO (PaLU6a H KaraH- CKaSi, 1957), 'ITO HyKJIc0npOTe'HJjbI, HOJIy'eHllble H3 6pecJ1aBJIbCK0li H KHHIe4- H0i naJIo4eK, pa3JIH4aIOTC51 HO CBOHM (IJH3HKO-XHMH4eCKHM CBOIiCTBaM. HyKJIeOnpoTeH,g KHLHe4HOc naJIo'-IKH HMCCT B TpH-nlTTb pa3 6OJIbIHyIO BH3KOCTb, 'IeM HyKJIeonp0TeH4 6pecJlaBJIbCKOH HaJIOgKH, H HHylO (3OPMy KpHB09 oca?K- JjeHHH B H303JIeKTpHIIe'CKOFI 30He: HVK.,TeorJpoTel1Jj KHHIe4Hof naJIogxH HMeeT -OaHH MaKCHMyM Oca?KJjeHH51 B 30He pH=4,0-4,6; y HyKJIeOnpOTeIJIa 6pe- CJIaBJIbCK013 naTI04KH, Kp0Me 3TOPO MaKCHMyMa, eCTb eiue 0aHH, McHbUlHii MaKCHMVM B 30He p1-1=5-6. B HyK,-ieOHpoTcHae 6pecs1aBJIbCKOIi HaJIO4KH TaK?Ke McHbLne COaep?KaHHe (jOc(~opa (1,2%), 4eM B HyKJIeOHpOTeHjje KHIiteY- HOII naJI04KH (B Cpe_jjHeM 1,7%), YTO CBH,eTe1IbcTByeT 0 McHbLIIeM co ep?Ka- HHH HyKJIehiHOBOIi KHcJIOTbI. HyKJIeOnpoTCH,gbl HccJIeJ OBaHHbIX BapHaHTOB 38, 60 H 125 n0 CBoeI-i B93KOCTH H (popMe KPHBbIX H3O3JIeKTpH4eCKOro oca?KIeHHA 6JIH?Ke K 6eJIKaM KHaBOarWel> 6pecJIaBJIbCK0Ii HaJIOtIKH, 4eM K 6CJIKaM HCXOaHOli KHLHe4HOti naJ104KH. Y HHX, KaK H y 6e.JIKOB 6pecJIaB,3bCKOii naJI04KH, eCTb j1OHOJIHHTeJIb- HbIIi 6CJIKOIbbIH KOMnOHeHT, o6yCdIOBJIHBaIOLUHfi HaJIH4He BTOporO MaxcHMyMa. -OaHaKO HyKJIeOHpOTeHabI BapHaHTOB HMe1OT H HeKOTOpble 4aCTHble OTJIHhH51 no coJjep?KaHHIO (Jocc)opa H Ho (1)opMe xpHBbIx H3o3.AeKTpH4ecxor0 OCa?K- j&eHHII. B JjaJibHeFILUCM 9TH HVKJIe0HpoTeHJgbl 6bIJIH (j)paKUHOHHpoBanbI HpH HOMO- LuH BbICaJIIIBaHHi HeliTpaJlbHbIMH COJISIMH. fibIJI Bbl,geJIe1I 6peCJIaBJIbCKOII Ha.JIOLIKH. HpHBeAeHHb1e , aHHbIC CBHACTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, 4T0 npH ia.ne H B KOHL C OnblTa Ha npl6Ope BTf1. 0 ITapacTannn 6HOMaCCb1 B CpeAe CyIH7H no yseJiHHeHnIO KoJIHITecrBa opraiIa4ecKo.ro yrJIepoAa 6aKTCpHaJIb1IbIX TCJI. Opra1ni 1eCKHH yrJICpOA B Ky.AbTypaiibiloIl }K1IAKOCT1I OnpeAeJIST.IIcaa McTOAOM C}KHra1IHH XpOMOBOH CMCCbIO (IaTanXHHa, 1948). Pe3yJlbTaTbl npon(AeT1HbIX OIIbITOB npeJCTaBJTCHb1 Ha pac. 2, 3. Kyiib"rypa M'lycobacterlum lacticolum HOCJIC BbIpaIIIHBaH1i51 Ha CpeAe c BTHJTOBbIM CIIHpTOM 11 Ha MIIA lie C11H3IIJIa HHTeIICHBHOCTH OKHCJICIIHH npo- naiia no CpaBIiCIlhlIO C KOHTpOJICM. fIOCJIC KyiIbTHBHpOBaHH5 Ha Cpe31e C yK- CyCHOKIICJIbIM KaJIbUlleM HHTCIICHBHOCTb OKIICJICIIH5I nponaHa 3TO13 KyJIbTypOn 3HatmTCJIbII0 CIIII3HJIaCb. fIo,*L,ucp>KaTb pa3B1ITHe KyzbTypbl Pseudomonas sp. Ns 22 Ha cpcJO, rAe e; 11HCTBeI111bIM IICTO11I11iKOM yI'.3ICpoJa 6bIJI VKCyCHOKIICJIbTH KaJIbIIHH, He y,?jaJ10Cb. fIOCJIe Bblpaw.IIBaH1I5I Ha MfIA 3Ta Ky.IIbTypa COBepHIeHHO yTpaTHJIa cnoco61lOCTb OKIICJIHTb nponaH. f1OCJIC KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH Ha CpeAe C 3THJI0- BbIM CHIIpTOM 9Ta CIIOCO6HOCTb CoxpallliIaCb, Ii0 6b!JTa 3Ha9HT0JIbHO ocJIa6- .JICTIa (piic. 3). l0JIy9eHHbI.. JaHllble CBHJeTeJIbCTByIOT 0 TOM, TITO 6aKTepHK, O'KHC.II5IOI1LHe npoilau, BCAyT cc65T n0-pa3110My B OTHOHIeHIIH nponaHa noc ie KyJIbTI1BHpOBa- HH11 Ha JIerKO AOCTyIIHOM opraHn leCKOM BeIIIeCTBe. O6b5ICHHCTCB JIH pa3JIHime B nOBCACHHII 9TIIX AByX MIIKpoopraIlH3MOB TOM, iITO OIIH 51BJTIIIOTCSI npeACTa- BIITeJIIIMiT pa3HbIX pOAOB, 115H TeM, 'ITO 01111 BbIAeJIeHbI 143 pa3HbIX pallOHOB Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BnuRHue opeaHuaecKUx 6eu(ecT6 Ha oKucAeHue nponaHa B cMblcJle Heq)TelIOCHOCTH, fOKa HeH3BeCTHO. 3TOT BOHpOC OCTaeTCR OTKpbI- TbIM It TpC6yeT JiaJlbHeffwHX HCCJ1e,JOBaHH1I CO MIIOTHMH KyJIbTypaMH. F 1n t:: 1 7 3 4 F E 9 IC 1J 2 Bpen4R , d yu PHc. 2. OK11C.7eHne nponaHa KyJlbTypoH Mycobacterium lacticolum nocie KyJIbTHBHpoBaHHA Ha cpe4ax c opra- HHVecKHMH BeWecTBaMH: - KoHlponb; 2 - 3THAOBb[l dHAPT: 3 - MIIA; 4 - YKcyceortac.71101 xanbuHlf. AHajloilrlHble pe3yJ1bTaTbI 6blJlll HOJIydeHbl BatxxerH H Ipauji (Banheg- al, Jaranyl, 1957), KOTOpble BbI1CJIHJIII 113 IIOTlBbI liaj Heq)T5I11a 3aJIe}Kblo t1IICTble KyJIbTypbl 6aKTepHIl, OKHCJI511OJ4HX IIPOHall, IT YCTaHOBHJIH, TITO O)JHH g TPY.'iw IiH-Ta MHKpo6HonorHH. Bbin. 6 P. 1- np1160p 1IAH n3ygeHJIA ra30HorjloTHTe.ibH0ii CII0006HOCT11 y 6aKTepHN Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 I14 3. H. TeneeuHa it 3. C. CMupHOra H3 HIiX 110C.-le Bblpau(HBalIIIA Ha opra1lHLIeCKHX Befl eCTBaX TepBJIH cn0006- HOC'rb OKI1CJI5ITb nponall, IPYrIle - He yTpa9HBaJIH TO CBOIICTBO aaxce uocJIe BOCbMHMCCALIHOIO Ky.IbTHBIdpOBaIIIln Ha oprain"LICCKOH nHTaTeJIbHOH CpCAI'- A3BHe It JlpyIIle (Davis It Jxp., 1956) npeAno.lara1OT, LITO BblpaMI1BaHII(' M)IKpoOpraan3Mla Ha cpeJie c opraimLICCKHM aeUIeCTBOM, KOTOpoe ABJ1HCTCH KaKIIM-TO npoMC?KyTO1111bTNl 3BCIIOM OKIUCJICHII5I yr-IeBOJROp0Aa H IIai6o.%IC')' 2 3 4 5 6 B 9 10 /l 12 /. BpeMF OHU PHC. 3. OKncaemie nponana KyJlbTypou Pseudomonas sp. nocJle Ky.u THBHpoBaHnA na cpeaax c opraHHoecKHMl1 BeH(e- CTBaM1I: I - rourpo.ab : 2 - 3T11:IOBI,lu cuHp'r; 3 - MIA. 6.;1113KO CTOHT K 3TOMy yFJIeBOAOPO.LY, H03BOJIAOT MHKpoopraH143My COXpa1IIITb cHOCO6HOCTb OKHCJISITb yrJICBOROPojt. ECM }Ke 3TO Be11 ecT'BO O'deHb OTJIHL aCi- CA OT yr.IleBo,7,opOJ),a, TO 6aKTe~pHll MOryT LIaCTIIgHO HJIH HoJ1HOCTb10 YTpaTHTI Ci10006HOCTb OOKIICJIIITb ero nOCJIe BbIpauLuBaHIIA Ha 3TOM opraHH leCKOM BC- iII,CCTI3C. BJIH54HHE MAJIbIX KOHILEHTPAILHH OPrAHH4ECKHX BELUECTB HA OKHCJIEHHE IIPOHAHA KaK y3Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCcb BbIIIIC, JIJ1HTe.TIbIIOC KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHe MIIxpoOpra- IIII3MOB npOBOJIHJIOCb Ha cpeJtax c Jjo6aBKOH 60JIbUIIHX A03IIopraHHT1eCK0ro r."ntccTBa (OT I Ao 2%). O1[HaKO B IIb1X BOJIaX JIC'rKO JtOCTyaHble opralia- 'CCKHO Bel4ecTBa BCTpeTdaIOTCA B lie- 331aLIHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHLICCTBax. B CBA311 C 3TIIM IIHTepe,CHC 6bIJIO Hpo'CJICJIH'rb, KaKHM o6pa30M BJIHAIOT MaJIble KOH- ueHTpauHH opralilluecKOrO Bew.eCTBa Ha oKHCJeHHe Tiporiaiia 6aKTCptHM0. B AHTepaType npHBe,71ellbl RaHllble :) TOM, 'ITO , o6aaJleHlle He6oJIbnIHX 7103 opraIiHLIeCKOro Belll,ecTBa B CpeJty CTH- MyJtHpyeT OKHC.neHae MOTalia (ZoBell. PItc. 4. B.nnBlme Ma.nblx KoHUCUTpagHi'i 1~)46; HeuaeBa, 1949). rn1OK03b1 Ha oKUCJIeHne nponaHa Ky31- 4oCTa2IeK (1954) Ha6J1lo,La21 yclt- Typoii Alyeobact. lactieolum :ieilile 1)0cT3 nponaJI0KHC:I91O11tHX 6aK- ) KoHrpom.; 2-1n6aBne1O 0.001% l'epiii Iioc.Ti npai6aB.TICI-IHA HC6O bm11X 3--no6a1zaalo 0,00011,10 -~eKO411 K0,IH'-ICCTB opralI HLleCKHX BCIIteCTB, B -cO60 IIII0,CTH 3KCTpa1tTa nOTiBbI H J1aKTaTa IIaTpHA (0,26 Mr/.'I). B KaMICCTB3 oprami,iccKOro BCI1teCT-5a IIaMH HCHbITbIBajlOCb ,71CIiCTBHC Ma- lbtX KOIIII,CHTpaItHH rJIIOKO3bI (0,001 It 0,0001 %). B TeacHne 10--12 uucii ld 6aKTeHll KaK )TMeoaJIacb IIIITCIICHBHOCTb IloTpe6JIeHna HpoHalla KyJlbTypO P B OnbITC C J(O6aBKOlt B CPCJty FJIIOK03bl, 7'aK H B KO')ITpOJIC. KpriBble norpc6JICIIH5i ra3a KyJlbrypol6 Mycohacterlunl lacticofilm 11pejl- ITaBJICHbI IIa plc. 4. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B.vu.eHue opeaauaecxux aetIeCTa Ha OKucneHae nponaHa 115 IIpii paccMOTpCHHH rpa(f HKa BH,2HO, '4T0 ;gO6aBJIC11He MaJIb1x KO'HI1CHTpa- I0nl1 FJIIOK03bI (0,001 %-0,0001 %) YBCJIH'-IIIBaeT HHTCHCINBHOCTb OKHCJIemm I1poilalla 770 CpaBIIeHH10 C KOIITpOJICM. Bb1B0J1,bf 1. fiaKTCpui1, OKIICJInloliwIIe nponall, pacnpGCTpaxei1b1 HPCHMyWecTBc'IHIO B 110j3eM1[b1X BOJJ.ax H nopo,lax ra30HeC~TeHOCHbIX paii0IIoB. 2. H3 i,OJt32MHbIX BOJ[ 6bLJIH BbI~'[cJIei;bl ,,BC 4IICTbie KyJlbTypbl MHKpOOpra 1:H3M0B, CnoC06IIbIX OKHCJIATb nponall. KyJibTypbi 6bIJIH H44CHTH(pHuHpoBaHb1 KaK /Mycobacterium lacticolum H Pseudomonas sp. 3. Mycobacterium lacticolum Hoc,ne KyJIbTnBnpOBarJ[un IIa Maxepajlbnoli cpejje c 9THJIOBbIM CHHp'roM IL,1II Ha MIIA aKTIIBHO OKHCJISIIO'r nporali. floCJie BblpalliHBalula Ha epeje C y.KCyCHOKHCJIbI\I KallbfHeM aKTHBH.OCTb OKIICJIeHHH !iponalla 3aMeTHO CHHMKaCTCH HO CpaB;7C111110 C KOHTpOJICM. 4. Pseudomonas sp. (Nq 22) noc.ne npe6blBaHHn Ha Mft HO,AHOCTbio yTpaz7H'Baer CI70C06HOCTb OKHCJIATb nponall, coxpaHAa 9T0 CBOfICTBO B OCJIa6- J1e11H0}I CTCI1CH19 HoCJ]e Bblpalljl!BaHHA Ila Cpe,3e C 9THJTOBbIM CJIHpTOM. 5. MaJIbre7{OHUeI,TpauHH r:I7oK03bi (0,001--0,0001 %) CTHMyJIHpyioT OKHC- JICIIIic HpOHalIa KyJlbTypOiI. JIIITEPATYPA B O K O B a E. H. Cpa,BHHTeaabHoe H3y9eHHe OCHOBHbIX CBOIiCTB 6aKTepa9, OKHCJIHIOII(HX ra30- 06pa3Hble H )KIHAKiHe yrJ1eBOROpOab1, Bb1J[eJ1e!I1b1X H3 rJ1y6HHHWWX Coen H H3 fOgnO'1- BeHH61X OTJIO)KeHHN, H Bb1HCHeHne HeKOTOpbIX VCJ1oHHil, OrpaHH4HBa101u14X nX pa3BHTHC. OT'leT no T(?MC 10/45. (DOHAbI BHIIFHII11946. Fi o K o B a E. H. OKHCneHne nponana Mycobacterium rubrum var. propanicum. (YrveT 2446. )OHAbi BHIFHH, 1947. 7 O C T a .n e K M. HporlaHomicimic rune 6aKTepHI1. LIeXOCJIOBaIIKaa 6HO.norH2, 1954, Na 3, crp. 173. K y 3 H e u o B C. H., T e JI e r H H a 3. H. HeKOTOpbie Rai1Hbie no (piH3HOJIOI'HH nponaHOKHC- J1AfOH1,Hx 6aKTepHfi. MHKpo6IIOJ1orn A, 1957, T. XXVI, Bbin. 5, CTp. 513. M o r H JI e B C K H 9 F. A. MHKpo6HOJ10TH9CCK1jli MCTOA HIOHCKOB ra30BbIX H He(pTAHbrX 3aJre- xcel9. 1953. M o r n JI e B c K H ii F. A., C y x o r3 a A. H. Bb19CHeHHe 3(b(PeKTHBHOCTH H O606H(eHue ra3o- KapOTa?KHblx pa6oT H aoi aoH c1,eMKIl 110 pa1rOHaM EBpofieSCKoa H Cn6HpCKoh moaT- (popM. OTVeT 110 TeMe 22/54. 09x.'161 BHIIFHH, 1955. H c i a e B a H. B. tjBa BHAa MHK06aKTCp11i1, OKHC.nHwruaX McTaH. MHKp06HO,noFHH, 1949, T. XVIII, BbrIl. 4, CTp. 310. C a Ni O 9 JI O H a 0. H. OT11eT o B0Ar10-6aKTepna.abHb1X 11cCJ1e,IoBa!lHax napTHH 2-5/48, npo- l!3BejeH11b1x B Ta'rapCKOii ACCP, r-IKa.TOBCKOii, KyO6biweBcxoo H CapaTOBCKON o61Ia- CTHX. 50911,161 BHHf HN, 1948. C a M 0 ii JI 0 B a 0. H., C 0 Jl 0 A y H 0 13 A. H. H Ap. OTHCT 0 pa6OTe CTa1'1HHrpaACKON OnbIT- HO-MCT'oJIIgecKo9 rlapTrla 14/55. hoHAb1 BHIIFHH, 1956. C J1 a B H H a f'. H., T e Ja e r H H a 3. H. 01'1('T 0 pa5OTe 2-co oTpaAa TCMaTH4eCKO9 napm 22/>4. YCOBCPIBC1ICT3O1MHI?e MCT0J111K11 np9BeaeHHH ra306aoXHMH9ecKiIIX HCCJIejj0BaHH1} r1o,13C,MHbiX Bo). 4)OHAbi BHHFHH. 1955. (p a T 11 11 X 11 H a 0. E. MCTO,'1 OIIpCAI7eHHH OK14CJ1HeMOCTH BOAb1 XPOMOBOH CMeCbIO. FHApo- XIrMH'IeCKlie MaTepHaJ1bi, 1948, T. XV, CTp. 180. B n h egg i J. a. J a r a n y i J. Propan-oxydierende Bakterien. TC3HCb1 AOKJIaJja Ha KOH- (l)epeHUinn B l3pno, 1957. D a v i s I., C h a s e H. a. R a y rn a n d R. Mycobacterium paraf finicum n. sp. a bacterium isolated from soil. Appl. Microbial., 1956, v. 4, N 6, p. 310. II u t t o n W. a. Z o B c I I C. The occurence and ch=lracteristics of methaneoxidizirlg bacteria in marine sediments. J. of Bact., 1949, v. 58, N 4, p. 463. M u n z E. Zur Physiologic der Methanbacterien (Dissert.). Halle. 1915. Z o B e I I C. Action of microorganisms on Hydrocarbons. Bacteriological Reviews, 1946, v. 10, N 1-2, p. 1. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 r. H. Nypa6cKU6 IHMOHHOH 0 (PH3HOJ1orHgECK0H nPHPOAE TE MICH. KHCJIOTbI Y ASPERG (BceCOI03tIbtR HaygHo-HCCne)ioeaTeabCKHlf HHCTHTyT KOHAHTePCKOR HPOMbtttUteHHOCTH) IIeCMOTpH Ha MHOr041G1e11HbIC TICCJ1eJoBaHHfl, I10CBSihIeHHb1e o6pa3OBa- (11410 JIHMOHIIOIT KIiCJIOTbI IIPH I1oM0UU1 rp116OB 113 poi a AspergillUS, MbI Ao cero BpeMeHH He HMeeM 1CHb!X HpeACTaBJIcHHii O 6HOXHMHUCCKOM Hpouecce ee o6pa3OBaHII5I B KJIeTKax rpH6a. Me}KJIy TeM, HO3HaHHe 3TOCO Hpouecca o61Ier- 11HJIO 6b1 3aAa4y noJIyueHHiI MaKCHMa.ibHblx BbIXOAOB JIHMOHHOII KHC.IIOTbI 110 11poH3BOJICTBC. Pa6OTaMH KCPPII (Currie, 1917) 11 MoJlbilpa (Molliard, 1922) yCT811013 r1eHO, 'ITO Aspergiillus niger o6pa3yeT Ha cpeAax, co,tep)KauzHx caxap, re (Ally, a IICCKO3bKO KNC.IIOT: JINMOIIIIyIO, iuaBCJICBY1O H FJI10KOH0BY10. flpI CM Keppil HOKa3aJI, HTO CCJHI i1PH KVJIbT_NCIIPOBaHNH rpH6a Ha Hei4Tpa.11b11OM pacTBOpe 06pa3yCTC5I CM.CCb H1aBeJICB0fi H .nHMOHHOH KHCJIOT, TO Ha CHJIbHO KHCJIOil Cpe,2e (p11=3 H HH}Ke) on I3blpa6aTblBaeT HpeBMy1ueCTBCHHO JINMO11- Hy10 KNCJIOTY. Mo.ibflp, a 3aTeM H KapA0-Cb1C0eBa (1935) yCTaHOBHJIH, 410 yxyJl11eHNe yCJIOB161 HIITaHIIh rpi6a HyTeM, HaHpuMep, pe3KO10 HolTH)Ke11151 KolluWHTpaIUIH MNHCpa:1b11b1x 9JIeMeH1`03 B uh1TaT0JIbHOi1 cpeAe BCACT K (j)op- MHpoBaHHlo cjia60ro MHueJINSI, C.KJIOHHOro K HpOAYIU4P0BaHHlo Hpe11Myluec-1 BCIIIIO FJIIOKOIIOBOH KIICJIOTbI. BHOXi1M1111CCKHH C1111TC3 JIIIMOIIIIOH KHCJIOTbI 11peJ1C-TaBJI510T co6oii CJloMxHefIHHx Iipo6JIeM. gehcTBHTCAbIIO, Oprall1igeCK!1(' KHCJIO'I'bl 3aHHMaIOT BHJtHoe MCCTO B o6HjeM 06MCHe BenjeCTB pacTeIIHA If B CBOHX HpeBpaIIjeHHHX TeCIIO CBH3BIIhI C JIpyFHMli Ba>KHbIMH CTOpOIIaMH IIX >K113110,10HTeJIbHOCTIJ. l)H3HOJIOrHoeCKyJo npHpOijy 6110CHIITC3,1 JIIIMOHHOA KHCJIOTbI H 3aBHCH- MOCTb 3Toro npoi coca OT yCJIOBHH KYJIbTHBIIpOBBHHH rpH6a MbI HOHbITaeMCA paccMOTpeTb Ha OCHOBC OKHC.IIHTCJIbIibIX npeBpaHjeIIHA HPOJjyKTOB FJIHKOJIHTH- 'IeCKOPO pacna;fa yrJI&BoAo3 B IjHK.ne TpH- li jnHKap6OnloBbix KHCJIOT (Tax Ha- 3bIBaCMhfii IjHKJI Kpe6ca), IIO.Ty4IfBIIIeM npfl3HaHHe MIIOrHx 61T,OXHMHKOB Y1 (4JH3HOJIOron (Krebs, 1943; KpeTOBHq, 1956). B CBOeA >K113iie,ijcHTeJIbIIOCTii I'pH6 HCnOJib3yeT 3Ha9HT0JIbHyIO tlaCTb yrJie- BOJjOB n1fTaTe.nbIIOA CpQjbI Ha CTPOHTeJ1bCTBO TeJra, a TaK>Ke if ria Hpoueccii AbIXaHHr j.79 noJlyuemm Heo6x0,jHMOA 3HeprHH. IIpH HaJIHgHH H36bITKa yr.ie- BO%(oB BblpOCHIni MHIjeJIHir Hap9Ay C KOIICTIITy(IHOHHbIMH BelueCTBaMB CHHTe- 311pyeT 1f 3anaCHbie BeMCCTBa. KpoMe TOro, B >K11BOA KJIeTKe MbI BCC1Jja Haxo- AHM Pa311oo6pa3Hble npOMe>KyTO'IHble coe)iHHeHHA 06MeHa BeLrjeCTB. K HHM MOTyr 6hITb olnIcceIIbI pa3JIrITIHble aMrIHOKHCJIOTbI, a Tai>Ke pa3110O6pa3Hble IlpOIIyKrbf pacriaj[a H 0KHCJIeHH9 opralfriuecKHX BCLLjeCTB H flpOJjyKTbl Tax Ha- 3bIBaeMoro OTKJIOIIeHHOrO 06MerIa BeHjeCTB. MHOrHe H3 HHX, 6yJjylIH npoJ yx- TaMH >KH3iieaefTeJIbIfOCTI1 KJICTKH, Bb11ejI}IOTC9 113 HJIa3MbI B K.neTO'Hb!A cox HJIH Hapy y B oxpy>Ka!olljlli{ cy6crpaT. K npOMe>KyT04HbIM BeLuecTBaM CJle,gye-r OTHCCTH if opraHHtICCKIf0 KHCJIOTbI, B TOM 'I1ICie H JIHMOHHyJO KIICJIOTy. CoBpeMeHlibre 3HaiiH9 HpejjnOJlaralOT HccJIeJJOBaHHe OTlleJlbHbIX CTOpOH BHyTpHKJIeTOgli0P0 O6MCHa BeIIICCTB B TeCHOii 3aBHCHMOCTII TIpyr OT Jlpyra, 3TO JIerKO BIiaHO H3 cxenbl (xoHeg4i1o HenOJIHOA) KJIeTOgHoro 06MeHa BeujeCTB, COCTaBJICHHOA Ha OCHOBC 11HK,na TpIIKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT (pHC. 1). BpojllnjibHhl6 PaoriaJi YFJICBOJjOB B KJIeTKe TOCHO CBH3aH C (()OCCJOp1IblM o6MCriorr It B 60JIbLIIHHCTBe cJlyiae3 HrjeT ~iepC3 HIIPOBHHOrpa;jblyK) KIICJIOTy. Orcio, a B arfa3po6HbIX YC.1OB1151X, 13 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha6opa (JepMeHTOB, B03MOW1I0 O6pa3OBanluc mooolIH0A i MaC.1u1-i0A KHCJIOT, a TBK>Ke 3THJIOL3 i-O cnHpra (pxc. 1). B a3po61lblx yc.noB119X nxpoBHHorpaJjxaa KHC.n0Ta 5IBJIHCTC5T TaK)KC HCXOAHbIM BCIHeCTBOM HOBOFO LuIKJIa OKHCJIIITCJIbIIbIX ripe- BpaLliCrhHA BeIHCCTB Ha nyTH 06pa3oBaHH9 pu a Opralrurleexax KHCJIOT - VKCyCHOA, JIHMOIIHOA, a-KCTOr3loTapcBOA, InHTapnloA, (f)yMapoBOA, H6Jio~IHOA If 11). XOpOuIO 113BCCTHO, 4ITO BXOjjIILLIHe B IIHKJI TpuKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT KCTO- KHCJIOTbl J[aIOT HagaJIO aMHHOKHCJIOTarvl B pe3VJIbTaTe npuMOrO aMHHHpOBa- 11119 It nepeaMHHHpcBan{H9, OTKpbITOro BpayHmTeAlroM H KpHuMaHOM (spayH- LIITCIi11 in KpHIjMail, 1937; BpayHI11Te6H, 1949). J3 KCTOKI-IC.IIOT (pHC. 1) o6pa3yIOTCu aJraHHH H ,ABe jjmKap6oioBhie KI1CJIOTbI - FJIIOTaMHHOBa9 H acna- parHHOBan, a 113 HHX - BCe Tjpyrfie aMHHOKHCJIOTbI, HJjyILjHe Ha HOCTpoeHHe 6CJIKOB. TaK14M O6pa3OM, CyIIjeCTByeT TCCIIa9 CB93b H B3aHMoo6ycJIOBie1I,H0CTb Me>KAy 6eJrKOabir O6MeHOM, npeBpalljeHHeM opraHHgeCKHX KHCJIOT, yFJIeBOA HbIM 06MCIIOM H JpyTHMH ilpoL CCCaMH B >KHBOA KJIeTKe, B TOM 1mc.Tie 14 C npeBpalgeHHeM >KHpOB H >KHp0'no lo6HbIX BCHjeCTB. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1. Ii. KypaocKuu 118 Hammes MI[OI'OTIHCJ[eHHbIC HCC1eAOBaH1i51 )KH3HC.JIeIITCJIbHOCTH Aspergillus niger HOKa3bIBa1OT OI1pf ejiNIHy1O 3aBHC[IMOCTb 6HOCHHTe3a JIHMOHHOI3 KHCJIO- 'Fbi OT a3OT1I0I7O H C)OC(1)OpIIOI'O HHTaHHA rpH6a. Caxapoaa Ali-vi n0J1H- caxapHnbl AHp0r F{urpaA I;) KN C'IOTJ (-11K)KOHO Baa KHC11OTa raHuepuH ,E- _____ )1(11pHble KHC1OTI VKCyCHan KHCJIOTJ -F---'- f' e K C O S a ^, p IC aMli Ht: ;CnOT 61 A6n04H3s KHCJIOrI Acn KaNpCn013 (P yMaposa51 K II Cn Ora I +N I if bCJIKN j~? N C1 - Xe'T0rJT10Tap0B3Q KH Cn0Ta 11HC-aK0HHT0B3A KN C11OTa it H301NMOHHaa KHC110Ta 11 PHC. 1. CXcMa KJIer04Horo o6MCHa HCI11COrU N, Aspergillus (no KpC6Cy, c 113MCHCHHHMH). 061Ik[H 06MCH BC1i CCTB KaK C;11IHOe 11CCIOC II0Pa3PbIB11O CB513a1I C O6MC- [IOM H IIpCBpal[1CIIHCM 9IICpr1111 B }KHBOM Opl'a1IH3Me. OCIIOBHbIMII 1ICTO9HH- KaMH, H3 KOTOPb1X OpFa11H3Mbi H01VrfaIO1' 31ieprHIO, 1ICO6XOJIHMVK) A'71A HX 11OpMaJIbIlOki }[:113H0,jeflTeJ1b1IOCT1f, HB1HIOTCH J1b1XaHHe H pa3J1INilOI'O poAa 'Ip0?KCi1H5i. COP1aclio TC01)i1H 1(0:TbI~1eLia (1924), I1pO11CCCbI JjbIXaHHA it 6p0- iKCHHH, )yJ_[y')Ii CBI3aIlHbIMH B C,IHHVIO CiCTCMy, BHa1la3C HJyT HO C;1H)[OMy pVC.iiy? B JIa1biICHIlleM IlyTll IIpCBp3[H.CH11SI 11pOMCiKyTO14Hb1X I1puJ1,yKTOB paCXO- JIIITC[1. IIPH 1[3J1HtI11[1 K1ICJ10pOJ[d it aKTHBIIOH OKHC.IIHTCJIbHOH (j)CpMCHTaTHB- HOH CIICCCMbI Hp01ICX0;1[IT OK}IC.'1:11'IC [IX ;i0 yl'1CK11CJIOTb1 H BOJIbi. B 6e-KHC- 110p0JIHOIII Cpcae 06pa3ylOTC51pa3JIHUI[b[C HpOAyKTbI 6p0)Kel1HA, B TOM rIHCJie H Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0 npupode cuNTe3a A1LtOHHO1! KUCOTW y Aspergillus niger IN 3THJIOBb!H CHH9T, HOHB1e1THe KOTOpOro HpocJle}KHBaeTCH H y Asperglllus niger (pHC. 1). YrJIeBOJjbI He HBJIHIOTC5T e,1HHCTBeHHbIM MaTepHa1OM Jj1H )jhixaHHH; B Hpouecc MOryT 6bITb BK110geflbi 6eJIKH, KHpbl H ApyrHe oprawlgecKHe BcluecTBa. ,LblxaHHe H HpeBpanjeHNC BeH1,eCT3 TecJIO CBH3aIIbI McNK,gy co60H KaK )]IepreTHgeCKaB H MaTepHaJlbIlaH CTOp0.3b1 cuHHOPO o6Me1ia BeHleCTB NKHBO^O ''ma. HanpaBJICHHOCTb H HIITCHCHBHOCrb 3THX npOueCCOB y pa3HbiX opraH113- MOB o6yCJIOB1ITBa1OTC5i Ha1HgHeM COOTBCTCTByIOHjeH ([iepMeHTaTHBHOH C)T- CTCMbI. HyTb CTyneHgaTOro OKHC.i1eHHH IIHpoBHHOrpa,ijlloli KIICIIOTbI B npOuecce jb1Xan,rn HpH BO3HHKHOBCHHH H B3aHMHOM nepeXOAe p5jja TpH- H JjHKap6o- iIOBbIX KNCJIOT jpyr B jjpyra He HCK.1IO iaCT, a, Hao6090T, JjOHOJIHHCT B3FJIH1j I3yTKeBllua (1939, 1941) Ha jbixamic xaK Ha ripouecc oKHC1eHHH caxapa c I!POMCNKVTOIIIIbIM o6pa3oBaIiJIeM Kap6olioBblx KHCJIOT. Ha.moglle ;,{e B OJI10m JIIIKJIC CC-KCTOr.11OTapoBOlT, (J)yMapoBOH H iuaBeJleBO-yKCyCHOFi KHC.'IOT, 'KOTO- pblC MOT'yT C.TyNKBTb OAHOBpeMeIIHo Vr1CpOJHbIMH CKeJICTaMIi HpH noCTpoeHHli OeJIKOBbIx TO, POI3OpHT O npa30Te BbFCKa3bi3aHIiLi KocTblgeBa (KocTbigeB H 1ICCIIOKOB, 1927; KOCTb100B. 1932) B OTFIOHIeHHH HyT1i 06pa3oBaIj11H pBJja OpraHHilecKllx KHCJIOT B paCTeI11411. Ho I1aHIHM Ha61IO1,eHHHM, B HpHCyTCTBHH H36bITKa yrleBOjjoB B CV6CTpa- Te it HpH HpeKpaiucHHH aKTHBliorO POCTa nPOHCXOJjHT IlepenoaHeH1Ie KJIeT'oK HpOMe}KVT041[bIMH HpO/AyKTaMN pacna ja yrJIeBo, oB, KOTOpble HpH HaJIH'HIII (:OOTBCTCTBV1oIjCH (j)epMeHTaTHBHOI$ CHCTCMbI MOryT Hepepa6aTbH3aTbC9 B 6o- .fee 1T1H Menee Cra6lIlbHble BenjecTBa - B oprauJigeCKNe KHCJIOTbi, B TOM 4IIC.1e B JIHMOIIHyJO KIICJIOTy. DTN Ha611ojeHHH Jja1OT B03MONKIIOCTb floejaraTb, 'ITO JIHMOd1HaH KHCJIOTa HaKan1IIBaeTCH B 31Ia4HTe1bHOM KOJIHICCTBe B PC- 3yJIbTaTe Hc3aBeprlleHHOro HO4e,1V-J1H6o CHHTe3a aMHHOKHCuOT, KBK 3T0 Hpejj- HOJIaraJl KOCTbigeB (1932). HHTCIICHBHOCTb 06pa310BaHH51 J1HMOHH0Ii KHC1OTh1 rp16OM 3aBHCHT OF C1Ii3HO.1TOrHliecxHX CBOHCTB, HpHCyHjHX 1 aITUIOMy IIITBMMy. OF CFO COCTOHHHH H OT yC.'IOBNH Ky.?IbTHBHpOBaHHH, B TOM '-IHCJIe if OT yCJIOBHH IINTaHH2. B HaCTOH[UCH pa6OTe :119 3KCHepHMCHTOB MbI IIC11O?Tb3oBa,IH HIT. ,N4 6/5 rpH6a Aspergillus niger, HBIH1OHiHHCB HaH601ee aKTHBHbiA1 KHCTOTOO6pa3o3aTe:IeI HpH C6pa KHBaIH1It caxapa. KyebTHBHpoBa}IHe Ispergillus niger OCyHjeCTBJIHCTCH Ha CaxapHOM pac- TBope, co,gepxcaHjeM B I .1 -HTaTe:lbHhie co:iii: NH4CI - 4,0 r; KH2PO4 -- 0>,5 r; MgSO4 ? 7H20 - 0,5 r; ZnSO4 ? 7H20 - 0,05 r H FeSO4. 7H09 - 0,025 r. HHTaTeJIbHbIH paCTBOp HaJIHBaeTCH B COCyII C.IIOeM BbICOTOIT 2 CM If 3acesaeTC31 KOIIHJjHHMH rpH6a. I7pH TeMnepaType 32-34? iepe3 jIBOe cyrnK Ha HOBepXHOCTH CpeJ bl BbIpaCTaeT CHJIOH1HaH H1eHKa MHIjCJIHH. B ,iaJIi,He1i- IHeM KyJIbTNBHpoBaHHe rpu6a ocylljeCTB.i7HeTCH 6000MCHHbIM HJIH CMeI11ThIM McTO;jaMH. B nepBOM C.>Tytlae rII)N Ha,T1n11fIH H36bITKa caxapa B HIITaTelblioH cpeJje (20-25%) B Kd1eTKaX rpH6a 1BVXCNTO1 fOFO B03pacTa Ha'lrlHaeTcH IlpeBpauje IHe caxapa B JINMOHHVIO KNC.IOTy. 3Ta cnoCOSHOCTI, He TOJIhKO COXpaIISICICH, HO jja?Ke y'CH1HBaeTC51 HpH CMeIIIIOM McTOJje Ky1bTHBHpOBaITI151, KOF,ga OCTaTOK HNTaTC.AhHO1-o paCTBOI)a IIQp BbipOCHleGG H:IeI1KO11 M11Ije.;IHH ;JBMeHHOTCH paCTBOpOM caxapa, ,THII1eHHb1M HHTaTeJIbHbIX Co1eH. B Ta61T. I N 2 HpHBeueHbl pC3yJIbTacbl CepHII OHbITOB HO CpaBHelIHlo IIpO- 11000OB pOCTa II KHCJIOTOO6pa3oBaFIHH y rpH6a B 3aBHCHMOCTIi OT McTOJjOB Ky1bTHBIIpoBal1HH H HHTaHIIH a30TOM. ?aHI1b1C IIO yp0}KaIo MHUCJIHB HCKaeblBaloT, 4TO IIpoueccbl pOCTa v rpH6a iia HHTaTe1b11of cpeJje lie 3aKaHoITBaIOTCH 13 TC'1eliHe PBVX CyTOK, a HpoJjO.'1- ,,KaIOTCSI II I103NKe. IIa 1l(-CrbtC CVTKH BCC rpH6a yBeJIH'IH1CH 6ojee iom Ha 200?/). Upn CMCHC HCXO,11101-0 11 1tTaTe.'IbilOPO pacTBopa Ha 1GOBbif{ Hpn'pOc-r rpH6a Ha cpeje c NH4CI erne 6o,nee VBeJIH'IHJICH. BOJIbIIO Bcero IrapacTaJl Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ta6jnHUa /I pod ytlupOeanue nnMoHnoa Kumombt epu6oM npu pa3Ju'Hbt x Memoaax KynbmuaupoeaHUS+ U a 3aeucuMocmu om tpopMbt a3otna e numameAbHOU cpeae (KyJtbntypa 6eccMennax, daHHbie e e) 4epe3 jeoe CyrOK rlepe3 IHeCTb CYTOK BhICOTa cJIOH mITa- TenhHOr1 nonyverlo nH- MOHHOYi KHC- cyxOti Bee MH4enHA (nonyverlo nx- I cyxoii B i1 KHC- xen MOBHO M1; ec HA cpel:bl, CM JIOTbI JI I, NH4C1 1,86 2,25 4,42 7,00 NHaNO-~ 2,32 2,07 16,90 7,20 NaNO3 1,54 1,50 14,16 5,90 --- NH4CI 3,02 2,73 19,69 10,9 5 N I-14NOs 4,01 3,00 16,52 8,6 7 NaNO3 1,05 1,32 16,46 7,0 7 Ta6JHua 2 (Ipoayt{upoeanue AUMOHHOU KucAornbt 2pu6oM npu pa3ituvnbIX Mentoaax KyJtbtnueupoeanux U 6 3aeucuMoclnu om g5opMhl a3oma e numamen1no0 cpeae (Kynbmypa oanocjenna1; p(cm-aeoe C9t110K Ha nutnameabnOU cpeae c eblcomoU most 2 CM, dannbte a 0) 6po>KetHHe r'epe3 ieTFepo cyroK Ha 20%-HoM caxaphOM pacTBope c a3o- TOM (NH4CI) (DOpMa a30Ta nojly''eHo JIH- MOHHOB KIICnO- TbI C\'XOlI eec MHOenHA nonyHCHO nH- IIOJIy'eHO JIH- cyxoti MOIIHOt'1 KHCJIO- MOHHOII KHCJIO- rIOJ1yCerIO nll- rec ThI B nepecve- Thl B nere!rere MOHHOii KHCJIO MHlte- Te Ha If cyxo- Ha I r cvxoro Tbl nHA rO eeca rpH6a reca rpH6a C1 NH 11,49 9,47 1,96 22,92 7,06 4,92 4 N114NOa 13,39 7,05 2,94 20,83 6,75 4,72 NaNO3 12,52 6,25 3,23 18,08 4,96 5,60 ll p u Ni e o a H Ii C. IlacuiaAb rpa6HoO HneHKII 0,7 AM2. Ha HHTaime Aa11o 210 Mr a3OTa 1la Ka:KAbie 200 r Ji paCTBCpa, Ha 6po>KeHHe-105 Mr a30Ta Ha KwKAble 200 bin 6poAHnbHOr0 paCTBOpa. MHIeJIHH, KyJibTHBHpCBaBIHHI4CSr 6eCCMCHIIO Ha nnTaTe:IbHOII CpeAe C NH4CI. HaJIHTon CJloeM BbICOTOII 8 CM. TaKoe CBoeo6pa3iioe noseaerlne rpH6a Ha nH- TaTCJIbHON Cpe,.e C XJIOpIICTbIM aMMOHrreM, o6J1a;jaIon1HM CHJIbHOH (-H3IIOJlO- rlleICCKOi4 KHCJIOTHOCTbIO, HCCOMHCHHO 5IBJ1ICTCH pc3yJlbTaTOM Bpe,1HOrO ACIICT- BII l CHJIblIOH MIIHCpaJIbHoii KHCJIOTbI, IIaKaHJIHBaIOLLIeHCfi B cy6CTpaTe HOCJIC idnIOJIb30BaHHH MHIeJIHCM aMMHagHOFC a30Ta. MHHepaJlbHaR KHCJIOTa npH- BOIIHT K HaTOJIOFHdICCKHM II3MeHeHHIM KJICTOK (B3, yTHe KJI TOK H pa3pblB HS o6o.I04KH), 4T0 BbI3bIBaCT KpOllle'llHe rpH6HOI1 HJICIIKII. B pe3yJIbTaTe OrpaHHIIHIBaeTcII pOCT rp116a H yFHCTaCTCH npouecc o6pa3o- BaIIH5i JIHMOHI-IOII KHCJTOTbI. ECTeCTBeHHO, TITO 3aMeHa CTaporo paCTBOpa Ha HOBbIIl HJIH KyJIbTHBHpcBam,ie rpH6a Ila BbICOKOM c.noe paCTBOpa o6eCHeIIH- BaIOT yJlaJIeFIHe HpO, yKTOB O6MeHa BCHjeCTB, TOpMO351LuHX >KH3Hef'je5ITC.7b- HOCTb rpH6a. TIpu 6eCCMCHHOM McTojle KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSl KHCJloTOo6pa30BaHHe Hpo,IjOJI- iXaeTCO 6ojiee HJIH MCHee 111ITCHCIIBHO y MHUCJIHSI BblpocllleFO Ha CpeaaX c NH4NO3 H NaNO3, B TO BpCMH KaK Y MHijeJIHA, BbIpoCLHero Ha cpeae c NH4CI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O npuporOe cuHTe3a .4uMoHHOU Kucaorbt y Aspergillus niger 121 IIIITCHCHBH(?CTb KHCZOT00,6pa3oBaHHH pe3KO C.Ia6eeT. DTa pa3llnua crJia>KH- BaeTcSJ npH nepeBOAe rpH6a Ha CBe>Kyio HHTaTeJlbxyfo Cpeay, a HpH KV,IIbTH-- BHpoBaHHH B TCLICHHC LHCCTH CVTOK 6eccMeHIfo Ba 8-caHTHMeTpe,BOM C,,IOe cpe- AbI rp116, BbIpOCLHHFI Ha epee NH4CI, Aa>Ke o60rIIaJI IIO HHTeIICNBHOCTH K11C.TOTO06pa30BailHH ABa ApyFHX, pOCIHHX Ha NaNO3 fi IIa NH4NO3. HaH6o- JIee 3(N(JCKTIJBIIO 6HOCHHTC3 JIHMOHHOr6 KHCJI?OTbI ocyfljeCTBJIAJICH npH IlepeBo- Ae rpH6a Ha caxapHble cpe,mi, co4ep KaLLwe, K)oMe caxapa, TOJIbKO a30T; 3,aeCb HaH60JIbLHyIO HPOAyKTHBHOCTb ; aJi rpn6, npe, BapHTeJIbHO BbIpOCuIHIf iia cpeAe c NI--I4CI. PaccMOTpHM (#)H3HOJIOrm iccKyfo CVILjIIOCTb npoi ecca npOAyuHpoBanHSI rpI16oM JIHMOHIIO6 KHCJIOTbI B 3aBHCIIMOCTn OT yCJIOBHH KyJIbTHBHpOBaHnSI: 1) B nepHo;i aKTHBHOro pOCTa MHIjCJIHH; 2) npH npOAOJI}KeHHH MHHepaJlbHOrO IIHTaHIIH V Bblpocmero MIIIje.OHH; 3) i,pri rlepepblBe 3 MHI1epa.lbnO:K HHTaIIHIJ MIII.ejiHA: 4) npii IIOAKopMKe BblpoClIIero mimeju1SJ a30TOM. 1. EIPOJAY4HPOBAHHE JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI B fEPHOA AKTHBHOTO POCTA MHUEJIHA HpH TeMnepaType 32-35? H nponox 6-IaronpHHHTHb1x yc,IOBHHx nI1TaTC~Ib- IJoii cpemi Tier 6bFCTpoe Hp-opaCTaHHe Koitmji 6 Aspergillus niger, pa3paeTa- HHe rn(fJ H OopMllpoBaHlle Ha noBepXHOCTII paCTBopa K KOHgy BTOpbIX CYTOK CnJIOIHHOU n.ne1lKH rpl16a. B nepnoA aKTHBHOrO pocTa yr.nepoj pacTBOpa B OCHOBHOM pacxo,yeTtn ffa HyMcrlbl CTPOHTeJIbHOFO O6MeHa, Ha CHHTe3 HpOTOnLfa3Mbt If IIa o6pa3oBa- IIHe HOBbIX KJICTOK MHIjeJIHA. HHTeHCHBHbIIj POCT MOJIOAOro MHgeJIHH COnpO- BO?KAfCTCH TaK >Ke, KaK 3TO 1-1oKa3aIIo pafree (}KypaBCKHrf, 1939a H 6), ycH- .JeHHbIM pacxoAOM yrJIeBoJ a H Ha AblxaHHe. HO KHCJIOTO}IaKonJleHHe Hp 3TOM IIpOHCXOAHT BCCbMa ciia6o, nprIHHHON 3roro HBJIACTCH He TOJIbKO yCHJICHIIa}I TpaTa caxapa IIa CTPOHTCJIbHbIN H 3HepreTH4cCKHN O6MCH y paCTyluero opraHll3Ma, Ho ii o6LgaH CJIa6oCTb MOJIO- Aoro (JopMHpyfomeroc5i MHI>;eJIHH. PaCTyWUHN MHIjeJJkJj COCTOHT H3 KJIeroK, B 6OJIbIIIHHCTBe CBOeM HeCOMHeH- IJo HMeIOLgIIX clue He ycTaHOBHBIUylOCH (pepMeHTaTHBHyJO CHCTCMy. B TaKHX HeAo3peBlHlfx KJICTKaX (YIKypaBCKHH C COTp., 1953; (DocTep, 1950; JIIIJuIIH H I3apHeTT, 1953) CoJ ep>KPITCH BCCbMa aKTHBHaA rJIK)K0300KCrJAa3a, CHOCO6CTByIOutaH HpHMOMy OKHCJICHHIO FJIIOK03bI AO rJIIOKOHOBOrl KHCJIOTbl. BOT noneMy COAep KaHHe nOCJleAHerl B HHTaTeJJbHOM pacTBope H3-fOA aByX- CVTO4HOI'O MHHeJIHSI COCTaBJISICT Ao 30-50% OT 06Hjej KIICJIOTHOCTH paCTBO- pa. CojjepiKaHne >KC IHMOI-IHOFI KHCJIOTbi AOCTHraeT npH BTOM TOJIbKO 50- 60% OT o61IIeil KHCJPOTHOCTn. CJIeAyeT ylleCTb TaK>Ke, Oro HaJIIIglfC B flfTaTCJIbHOM pacTBope (JH31IOJIO rlI4CCKI1 KHCJIbIX coneil CnOCO6CTByeT IIaKon JICHHIO B HCM OCTaTKOB MHHepaJlb- iioi KnCJIOTbI, B CB5131I C 4C.M nOBbILnaeTCSJ KHCJIOTHOCTb paCTBopa. TaK, IianplIMep, B pe3yJlbTaTe H36HpaTC,IbHOrO HOFJIOUjeHI1A a30Ta 1,13 NH4CI r. paC-IBOpe MO>KCT naKanjruBaTbCH COJIIHBH KHCJIOTa HaCTOJIbJO 3Ha4HTe,'IbHO, 4To HaCTyrlaeT Aa>Ke npouecc caMopadnaAa m KpouJeIIHSI BCero MHL eJH1 I, 3 OCHOBC KOTOpo-r0 JIe>Kai, HenpaBHJIbHOC ny3bIpC3I1AHOe pa3paCTallue H pacnaA KJIeTOK rH(j rpH6a. IIyTH OCIIOBHOrO pacxoj a yrJIeBOAa, iaHIlOrO Ha IIIITanfle B HepnoA pocTa rpH6a, npe,cTaBJlenbl HaMH Ha ynpomcmtOrI CXCMe KJICTOIHOFO 06MeHa Be- HjeCTBa (pltc. 2, cxc a 1). cIepe3 woe CyTOK nouie noceBa KOHHjIHN rpn6HaSI HiieIIKa Co3pe,BaeT HaCTOJIbKO, 4TO CTaiIOBHTCH iHpnroAtio6 AJISI HHTCHCHBHOrO 6HOCHIITe3a JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbJ. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PHC. 2.. H3MeHCHHB B o6MCHe BcmeCTB y Aspergillus n 3aBHdHMOCTII OT McTOAOB Cr() K)'JIbT11B11pOBaHH I: 1 - nepHOA aKTHBlloro pOCT2 MHIieAHfl; 2 -- npoAan%KeHHe MHHepa.:IbIIO00 nwTaHHH y BbIpOC- LHCrO MHIjeJIHU; ,' - nepepbt6 MHHepa JIbHOIO nUTaHHfl MHuCJIHH; 4 - IIOAKOPMIia BbIPOCWCI'O M HIjeJIHU a3OTOM CII.loul HaU :INHHH - 3HeprHIIHbIfI IIOOIWCC, ItyHKTHpHaU - yMepeIIIIbriis A - aJIallHII; AK - aCnaparHHOBaU KHCJIOTa; B - 6eJIOK; f -- rJIIOT3MHHOBU5I KHCAOT11 3 - 3anaCHble BCH(eCTBa; K - H-KeTOrJtloTapOBaU KHCJIOTa; JI .IHMOHHafl KHC.'IOTU, 0 o60.'IOYKa KJICTKH; 11 - I1IpoBHHOrpaJ1HaS! KHC.90Ta. 2. nPOAYILHPOBAHHE JIHMOHHOR KHCJIOTbI B CJIY'AE IIPOAOJUKEHH 1 MHHEPAJibHoro IIHTAHH9 Y BbIPOCWEI'O MHL(EJIHA IIoc.rie JIByX CyrOK pocTa Ha 111TaTeJIbHoii cpeAc CcjJOpMHPOBaBH1Hi1C l MHUe1IH6 rp116a CTaHOBHTCH CHOCO6HbIM K aKTHBHOMy CHHT03y JIIIMOHHOH KH- C.noTbl H pa3BrIBaCT 3TOT HpOUCCC 3a C'IeT oCTaBIHCI'oCA B pacTBOpe 3anaca VI'JICBo,ja. OAHaKO HpoAyunpoBaHHe KIICJIOTbI Hp11 TaKOM 6CCCMCHIIOM KyJIbTHBHpO- BaHI1H rpu6a Ha OAHOIi 11 TON >Ke IiCXOJJHOH IIHTaTellbIIou cpe;c HpoTeKaeT BCC >KC cj a6Ce, 1ICM HpH CMCHHOM KYJIbTIIBHPOBHH1IH, KOI'Aa BbIpOCH144 MH- uc.iIlii nepCBOIIHTCO Ha caxapHbIN pacrBop (~KypaBCKHN, 1939a H 6; 1950; i ypaBcKHii H TCpeHTbCBa, 1955 H Ta6JI. 1 Ii 2 IIacTOHHZeil pa6oTbl). flpoAoJ1- >KCIIHC HHTa1IHA BbIpoCHIero MIIUCJIHft MIIHepaJlblIbIMH COJIAMH HHTaTCJIbHO13 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0 npupode cuxre3a /1uMOHHOU KUCJiOTb1 y Aspergillus niger 123 cpe,jbI HPHBOjIHT K ,jaJlb1IefIHIeMy IlapaCTaHHIo MaCCbI MHIje.AHSI H nepenoJlHe- uTK) KJIeTOK MHHepa.AbIlbJrIN 3JIeMeHTaMN, TO c)cjia6JIHeT ,je5TCJIbIIOCTb (JJep- MC1ITaTHBHOFi CHCTeMbi, 06yC.IIOBJIHBaK)Ii eFI CHHTe3 JIHMOHHOFi K1ICJIOTbI. \Ha.IIOI-H9Hy10 KapTHHy Hepe3peBaFlHH M[il[eJIHB H Oc a6.1IeHHft KIICaOToo6pa- 3oBal{HH y Hero MbI Ha6JIlo, aeM H Film cHeiiHoM McTOjje, Kor,ja B 3aMCH21o- IIIIIii CaXapflblii PacTBOp BBO,jHTCfl nce 3JIeMeHTbI MHHepa.nbHoro HHTaHHH %IKypaBCKHF[ H TepeHTbeBa, 1955). KaK BF1 HO 113 jjalIHbIX Ta6J1. 2, KHCJIOTO- O6pa3yIOllja51 aKTHBHOCTb MHue.IIF1B B HCpec eTe Ha ejjiIIJHljy CVXOro Beca y rpii6a, n nygnBHierO ,jonoAHIITe.lb1loe MFIHepa 3bl,oe IIIITaHHe, HpIIMepllO B j1Ba pa3a ciia6ce, 9cM y' rpH6a, IIaxO;LHBHIeI'ocH IIa caxapHOM paCTBOpe C a30TOM. ')TO rOBOpHT 0 HecOMH011110fi HIIaKT11BaIjHH (1)ePMel1TaTHBHOf CIiCTeMbi, o6y- CJIOBJIHBaIOn(efi CHHT03 JIIIMOHH011 KHC.IIOTbI, H 06 H3BCCTHOM q)113HOJIOrH9e- CKOM nepe3peBaru1fH KJICT'OK rpH6a I[O, BJIHHH!CM H36b1TKa BIICCC'HHbIX 3.II0- MCIITOB nHTaHI1 1. 06 HHaKTHBaIjWH H Hepe3peBa11NH MHUCJIHH, KaK IIOKa3aJIH Ha6JHo,jeHNfl >KypaBCKoro H TepelJTbeBOFI (1955), MOMKIIO CyjjUTb Fl HO TOMY, 4T0 nOBTOp- HOe BBC,ijeHFte noj MHueJIH6 caxapHbIX pacTBOpOB nocJle HpeKpalueHHH nO,j- KOpMKH MHHCpaJIbHbIMH 9JIeMe1ITaMH fO.1THOCTbiO yMKe He BOCCTaIIaBJIHBBC1 1'Tpa9eHHylo rpH6oM HHTeIICIIBHOCTb KHCJIOTOO6pa3o,Baril H KaK BJIHHIOT Ha 6HOCHHTe3 JIHMO11FI06 KHC.JIOTbI OTjjeJIblibie 3JIeMeHTbi MH- llepaJIbl{OPO HHTaIIHB, HOKa3b!BaeT OnbIT, HpOBeJjCHHblfl ilaMH COBMCCTHK) c KaCTcri rpaBHHTCTblio HC,gOZ1-0. T-ICpC3 2-4 CYTOK HaCTyHaCr 3aMeT1iOC yMCIIBHICIIHC KOTIIT-ICCTBa npo,'J,yw1pyCMOH T'pII6OM TI1IMOIIII01I KHCJIOTbI. 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0 npupode CUBTe3(1 ntMOHHOO KUCM)Tb1 y Aspergillus niger 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I peM.q , cymiru B 3TOM, B nCpByfO o iepe,Ib, fla.jo BHjjeTb oco6oe CTHMyJIHpyIOHjee j eI3- CTBIIC a30Ta Ha Hp01jecc 06pa3oBaHHR JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI. U36b1TOK BBO,jIT- MorO c pacTBOpoM a30Ta MOxceT 6bITb npespamell BHyTpH K:1eTKH B pe3epB- IIyK) o6e3Bpe%euIHyJo ,jJIH 2KHBbIX KJIeTOK Cj]opMy FJIIOTa1IIHa HJIH acnapa- H11a. KOJmHtleCTBei1HO 3Ta HOTpe6HOCTb B a30TO (KaK H B opraHHHecKHX KHC.1o- Tax) 3jjCCb BecbMa MaJIa, HO 6e3 a3OTa, a CJIe,r oBaTe.1bIIO, 6e3 B03o6HOB 1e- naa 6eJIKOB 0,111OCTOpOI{HHH HpOTpecCHpyionjaH pacnajj Hx HOCTCBeHHO nplf BOjj;rT K I[aTO 1or;I4e.CK[[M A . 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Hepuro, HigecKOe BbrBe,jeHlfe 113-':TO, KHC- JIOT0o.6pa3y1oH[eH rpa6iio0 fl iellxa no.1y- c6po)KeH1lbIx pacTBOpoB 11 3aMel[a nX CBC- 3KI[Mn 6por:r:IbHbl\IH pacrsopaMH, 6oraTbl- MB caxapo1I, ellje B 6O:IbLIef cTeneHH CTH- MyJrlfpyeT CIIHTCC3 .'iHMO11HOit KIICJIOTbI B KJICTKax MHl e:IHSI (}KypaBCK[TH, 1950? >Kv- PHc. 3. K11C,1OToo6pa3oBaHHe V Aspergillus niger (WT. Ns 6/5) B 3aBHCH6IOCT11 UT MMCTO,2a ero KyJ CT H BH PUB aH HA: 1 HUH MHOCOCMeIIHOM McTOI[e; 2 111)11 MYCMeHI'OM; .3- HIM 0,111OCMeII- I10 %1. paBCxHH it TepelrTbeBa, 1955). B cBn31f C 9TTIM MHOrOCNIC' Hblii MOTO,j xy:lb- TIIBHpOBannH rpH6a, -ipaxTlmKyeMb1fi 06bI1HO HpH C6paaO .111 .13UTa Ia.n~uc aroTJ B Ojj 110M e - I"' s t( G U - ^ s ? L. u KNCJIOTbi, ? >s a c z ~. u II FIT.[ .'Ib HCM u c = = ilO 1CU H _ ? y V ? m _ ^ ? o W ` r'r cyxoro Beca rpt16a o o U O r 0o T o ' ~? S < 3a OH c Y V ! - SX E- :. V L SY uD SYU v 13,18 3,115 2,07 14,71 3,97 ~ 1,98 1 14,86 5,48 1,57 I 14,66 6,70 1,20 57,41 208,8 \[i~Cl 1,04 2,93 10,88 3,16 1,78 '10,35 3,57 1,54 4,24 4,98 0,50 2,03 6,16 0,18 27,50 100,0 12,71 3,56 2,60 11,63 3,58 1,63 10,38 5,18 1,19 10,43 6,10 0,93 45,15 191,2 \[1,\O3 1,09 1,33 10,43 3,10 2,36 7,41 3,03 1,21 3,63 4,95 0,46 2,14 6,02 0,18 23,61 100,0 90 8 2,27 2,83 9,88 2,70 1,99 9,29 4,25 1,35 8,90 5,15 0,95 36,97 198,2 , \O 53 0 86 0 Na 3 , , 7,05 1.56 2,61 6,03 2,02 1,88 2,71 3,47 0,49 2,86 4,221 0,37 18,65 100,1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 t Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0 npupode Cunre3a 1uxonuou KuC11OTb1 y Aspergillus niger 129 6bIJI HOJIygeH, KaK 3TO BN,'jIIO 13 HOCJIe)jHe1I CTpOKC Ta6a, 6, pexopAHo BbICO- KH0 BbIXO,,~ JIHMOHHOf, KHCJIOTbl, AOCTHf-woujHN 1000 r C I M2 rpF16HOII NJIeHKH B cpeliHeM 3a O,iHH CyTKH npouecca. TaKaJ BMCOKaSI aKTHBHOCTb rpH6a, Ha- XoAHHleroc i 6eccmeHHO Ha HCXO,LHOM pacTBOpe C MlIHepaJlbHbJM1 COJIHMH, HHCKOJIbKO He HPOTHB0pe4HT HaHIHM Hpe)ibIJryjgHM paccy}K,IjeHHSIM- B 3TOH Cpelje KOHUeHTpaUHH cpoc )opa yMeHbiueHa B;IBOe, C0J ep)1 a1INe CepbI JIOBe- JIeHo 20 B03MO>KHOrO M'IIHHMyMa H, BMCCTe C TeM, C0XpaHe1I 1,136bJTOK a30Ta, rlpageM 90% ero Aalro B BH,:,ie MOgeBNHb1? Ha 3TOFI CpeAe Bblpocman rpH6HaH Ta6.nH1a 6 3Haueuue ebtcombi most h y~bmypanbhoao paemeopa PAX Kuenonloo6pa3yo, 111 axmuenocnui epuoa Aspergillus niger HIT. 6 5. 0HbIT B CTBKaHax) 11oevoeHo JINMOHH0i1 %ICTOA KYJIbTHBH OB BbIC Co; ep>Ka- OTa KHCJIOTbI, I' CHine-in O. 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O'ICHb MaJlbie KOJIHgCCTBa (j)OC(bopa, HOCTyilalOlHero 13 pe3y,,7bTaTe A4(1Iy3IfH H3 HH}KH;IX C070CB paCTBOpa B MIIHeJ1u i, TpaTHTCB Ha paBHoMep- HbIII, 3aMe)uieHHO HJjyFHUf pOCT HOBbIX KJICTOK H HOTOMy He HBJIHK)TCH Home- X011 AJIg 6HOCHIITe3a JIHMOIIHOH KHC.>)OTbI, KOT0pbII3 AJIHTCJibHG HO,LrjCp>KH- BaeTCH Ha BbfcOKOM ypoB11('. 6,Tiaro,IapH H36bITKy B Cpej e yrjleBoja a30Ta H OTHOCHTCJIbrJOMy He;PocTaTKy q)occJJopa H CepbI, CJIC;IyCT OTMeTHTb, 'TO HPeo6JlaiaHHe B 1HTaTeJIbH0M cy6cTpaTe a30Ta Ha rI (1)OC(J)opo:M HaXOjHT COOTBeTCTByfoujee CTpa}KeHrle H B CO,'ICP?KaHHN 3THX 9JIeMe,{TOB B CaMOM MHNe.7IHH. HpHgeM 'CM BblHle OTHOHICHH0 CO;Iep'KaHHH B MIIU0;IH,I a30Ta K 0!oCiJOpy, TCM aKTIIBIICe, KaK 3TO BHA (CM. Ta6JI. 4), HpoTehaeT H 61IOCHHTe3 JIHMOFIHOIf KHCJIOTbI, HO H3 aHdJIN30B TaKHM 06pa3oM, HapO HOJIaraTb, 'ITO 6oJ7ee HaN McBee 311aL1HTejlbHoe o6pa30ban Ie JIFIMOIIHCFI KHCJIOTbl IIa6.'IfopaeTC9 HpH OTKJIOHeIIHOM 06MCHe BCWCCTB, BO3IIIIKwe1NI B pe3yJIbTaTe HpeKpaHIeHNH CHHTC3a 6ejIK0B if jpyrHX CTpyKTypIIbIX BeuIeCTB KJICTKH. B 3TOM CJIyoae HPO,ZYKTbI C.Ia,ja HO,~ BG3ACIiCTBI1eM cneuH(t' +)HgCCKoii ~pa yrloC CH- ,'IONOJIIIIITPJIbH013 (bCpMCIiT$THI31{OK CN C'ICMLI MOryT HpeBpauJaTbcc B HCKOTOpble CTa6HJIbHble BelueCTBa 11, B gaCT- HOCTH, B .TIHMOHHyIO KIICJIOTy. HaJIH'He Hpouecca o6pa3OBaHHB JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbl B HHKJle TpH- H JIHKap60HOBbIX KHCJIOT OHpeaeJfHeT TeCHyIO B3aHMO- CBSI3b 3TOr o Hpouecca C OCHOBHbIMH (1JH3HOJI0CHgeCKHMH CTOpoHafH eJ uHOro 9 Tpy,-fII NH-Ta MHKpo6xonorBa, Ban. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 130 F. N. ,)Kypa6CKua o6NIcHa BCIUCCTB B KJICTKC - C 6eJIKOBb!M H yFJIeBOJ1,HbIM o6MeIloM, C jjbl- xaHneM H T. J. I1pil 3TONi CJIClyeT yIICCTb, LITO, IlanpHMep, Ocoa6JIeHHc Oco- KOBOrO CIHIT03a B KJICTKe Fie 0623aTCJ11,110 KOMHCHCIHPYCTCA Ko:1u leCTBCHHO (r10 yrJlcpoLy) paBllb1M o6pa3OBaHHeM JIHMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI. B MOJIOAOM MHIICJIIIH CIIHTC3 K1ICJIOTbI MONKa- pH A. C. ;l. C. KOJIH"eCT- HHe Pa(T- IYIYK a, HeIITPaJIH3Y10- -1HHM ru Ha , Op1U'LTX 1' Pc H1e CTH K 6apAe ILIee BC HICC7 HO H. 4aJlb- H oe KOHe4- H oe CA. I / % CA. io % I(1 MJi 6apne, % cregbl 3 - CaCO3 5,0 5,8 18 100 /i30 100 2,75 - M gCOa 5 0 4,8 4 22 695 160 2,50 - ~ 3 - CaCO3 5,0 5,5 5,2 100 4?0 I 100 3,50 - MgCO3 5,2 5,0 3,7 70 695 140 2,82 5 CaCO3 5,0 5,9 18 100 535 100 3,34 - MgCO3 5,0 5,4 17 95 650 120 3,00 5 - CaCO3 5,0 5,6 10 100 328 400 3,22 - MgCO3 5,0 5,4 14 140 580 180 3,05 3 2 CaCO3 5,2 5 4 , 20 100 630 100 4,15 2 MgCO3 5,8 4,5 4 20 1060 168 3,35 3 2 CaCO3 5,1 5,6 40 100 785 100 3,17 2 MgCO3 6,7 4,6 6,6 16 1240 160 2,97 5 2 CaCO3 5,3 5,5 34 100 630 100 4,05 MgCO3 5,7 4,8 34 100 1072 170 3,98 5 2 CaCO3 5,0 5,2 24 100 695 100 3,85 MgCO3 5,2 5,0 40 160 9/i5 136 3,65 6 2 CaCO:3 5,1 5,7 15 100 675 100 5,08 MgCO:, 5,7 4,8 40 260 1060 157 4,70 jJuna.UKa 6po:meHUM U IMIX00 cnupma npu ccaxapueaxuu 3amopoe eny6unnou Kynbmypo1S A. niger, ebtpaulennou e Kanbt{ueJ u Maenue.bt (3aTOp 25 r MYKH+1OO MJI BO,7,b1) KonH'IecT- KonH'iecT- lieNTPa,nH- aV 0111CC A. C., J. C., HO KY:IbTY- bI % no ('HHPTa, rHa25r HeI4eCTHO e,I. CA. P , K 3aTOPV MYKH CaCO3 630 4,3 5,05 6,15 6,3 6,5 6,79 CaCO3 630 4,5 5,0 5,9 6,1. 6,3 6,58 MgCO3 1060 4,35 5,7 6,6 6,65 6,75 7,02 MgCO3 1060 3,25 4,35 6,15 6,3 6,55 6,79 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 H Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BAURKue Coieu A a2nuR na Aspergillus niger 153 B AaJIbHeHHIeM 6bIJIH HpOBeAeHbI OHbITbI BbIpaHjHBaHHR rpH6a Ha KOHLjeH- TTPHppoBaHHOI7 6apje. KOHLjeHTpau oR paCTBOpHMbIX BeILjeCTB 6bIJIa HOAIIRTa 6%, a HepaCTBOpHMbIX-AO 3%, T. e. yBeJIHgeHa BJJBoe no cpaBHeHHK) c o6bj4HoII. ,Jij o6ecneLieHHR rpH6a HCTOTIHHKOM yr.nepoaa 6bIJI0 Ao6aBJ1eHo 2% MyKH. Yr,IIeKHCJIbJ1I MarHHII BHOCHJICH B KoJIHgeCTBe 0,25%. BblpaHjnBaHI4e rpH6a Ha TaKOM cy6CTpaTe B AByX HOBTOpHbIX onbiTax AaJIo Ky9bTypy B liep- BOM OHbITe C aMH.IIOJIHTH reCKOFI aKTHBHOCTbIO 60 eA. H C AeKCTpHHOJIHTHTIe- cxoi aKTHBHOCTbIO 1000 eJj. B HOBTOpHOM OIIbITe nOKa3aTeJlb aMHJIOJIHTIITIe- CKOI3 aKTHBHOCTH 6bI3 paBeH 40 e,., a nOKa3aTeJib AeKCTpHHOJIHTHTIecKOfI aKTHBHOCTH - 1060 exj. B KOHTpoJIe c yr.IeKHCJIbIM KaJIbuHeM noKa3aTeJ7b HepBOII 6bIJI paBeH 15 eq., a HOKa3aTeJIb BTOpOIi - 675 eA. KOHe1IHaI BeJIH- 4HHa pH B KyJlbType c MarHHeM COCTBBHJIa 5,4, a C KaJIbUHeM - 5,6. KyJlbTypa rpH6a, BbIpaLgeHHa3I Ha KOHIjeHTPHPOBaHHOH 6apAe c MyK013 H MarHHeM, HpoMeHRJraCb B npo6HOM c6pa}KHBaHHH. ,f JIH cpaBHeHHR 3aTOpbl OCaxapHBa.IIHCb Ky.IIbTypOH rpH6a C TaKOI3 }Ke A'eKCTPHHOJIHTHtIecKOIi aKTHB- HGCTbMO, 110 aMHJ1OJIHTHgeCKaR aKTHBHOCTb 6bl1la B AeCRTb pa3 c.IIa6ee. Ilory- TIeHHbre aaHHble npeACTaBJIeHbI B Ta6Jr. 3. Ta6nnua3 .Y ;0 6pnMcuusj .T1yvKOeO eamopa npu ccasapanuxuu Ky,zmrrmypou epu6a c pasnueNo( aMuno,iumu,iccKou a deKempuHCiuinuKeciou anmuenocmnro (3aTOp 25 r MyxH-!-100 M.O BOAbI) KonH'?ecT- BO KYJlbTY- BbIACJI(Flo COz, rj'Tac A C pbi, o K 3aTOpy . ., eA. Bo3pacT KYJIbTypbI, vacbl r Ba25r K TCO- 16 24 40 MyKH peTH4eCKO- MY BbIXOJ(Y 12 1 9 265 4,3,5 i,7 6,6 6,75 7 02 93 12 HS8 5,1 5,95 6,5 6 75 , 7 0 93 6 9 6 148 4,75 5,65 , 6,25 6,5 , 6 75 92 0,6 6 159 3,25 4,55 6,15 6 55 , 79 6 92 6 99 4,3 5,3 , 6,2 6,45 , 0 , 5 91 KaK BHAHO 143 MaTepHaJIOB Ta6JIHLjbI, KyJlbTypa c pa3Ho13 aMHJIOJIHTHTIe- CKOH aKTHBIIOCTbIO, CyAR HO BbIXOAy CHHpTa, He OKa3bIBaeT BHIIHRHHR na noJl- HOTy OCaxapliBar1112 KpaXMajJa. Z),IIR o6ecrTegeI-IHR BbICOKOII HOJIHOTbI Bb16pa- }KHBBHII9 JeKCTPHHO2IHTIIgecKoro (JepMeHTa AOJI}KHO 6bITb AaHo HC McHee 150 eA. Ha 25 r MyKH. 3aaaeIa BTOporo 3Tarla Hcc.TleAOBaHHII CBOAH.IIaCb K HOAbICKBHHIO Taxoro HCTOTIHHKa MarHHR, npHMeIIeHHe KOTOporo 6bIJIo 6bI 3KOHOMHgeCKH gOCTyHHbIM JLJIN HPOH3BOACTBa. B CBH3H C )THM 6b1.1H HCHbITaHbI AOJIOMHT H MarHe3HT. ,0J1OMHT 0Ka3aJICR HenpHroaHbIM H3-3a Hpeo6HaAalorljer0 COAepa4aHHR B HCM KaJIbj[HR HaA M3:IIHCM. HPHMCHCHHe MarHe3HTa Aaao 6JIarOHpHRTIIble pe3yJIbTaTbl (Ta6a. 4). MaTepuaJlbI, npHBeaeHHble B Ta6.TI. 4, CBHAeTedlbCTByK)T 0 B03MO>KHOCTH 3a McHb1 yrJIeKHCJIOrO MarHnR Ha MarHe3HT, TaK KaK B BTOM cJrygae coxpaHROTC31 6JlaronpHRTHoe ae%ICTBHe MarHHR Ha (pe'PMeHTaTHBHyIO aKTHBHOCTb. B 6apge, ynapeHHOFI C 4% paCTBOpH'MbIX -BCLueCTB qo 6%, MaFHHII yBeJ114- TIHBaeT He TOJIbKO RCKCTPHHOTIHTH"ICCXyIO, HO H aMHJIOJIHTHtIeCKyio aKTIJBHOCTb KyJIbTypbl rpH6a. CTHMyo F1pyioLUee AeI1CTBHe MarriHR Ha HaKOHJIeHHe AeKCTPHIIO~'IHTHTIeCKOrO H MaJIbTO30paCLLjeHJIRIO1L Cro (pepMel-ITOB rpH6oM A. niger, KaK y3Ke rOBOpH- JIOCh. HPOHBJIHeTCR He3aBHCHMO OT pH Cpe,gbI. )1JIH 60JIbJneIl IIarJIRJjHOCTH HpHBOARTCR MaTepHaJ7bI OHbITa, B KOTOpOM aKTHBHaH KHCJIOTHOCTb HOJjr'jep}K1I- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 15!i _ B. B_BRTKUK Ta(.naua 4 13AU;rnue .aa/Kesuma na 0epMeHelamu13uy10 ah1IIn8H(?CH11, /Ay6unnou KyAbtilypbi epu6a A. niger (6ap,aa c 4% paCTBCpUMhIX aeaiecTB) Ko.nn' e(T- I C lTpaJln3yloulce ,T Lori oil I IHTCJIbnoe Heul,CCT BO, r IOHTallne Kouc'1I0 pH 1 HO Mnlje- JInH, F Ha 00 Mn cpe- n7,1 5,5 3,12 490 100 25 CaCO3 0 5,9 3,22 515 105 , CO 25 M 0 5,9) 3,17 7515 162 g , 3 0,3 MaFHC3HTa 5,85 3,2 830 169 5,3 3,3 20 560 100 25 CaCO3 0 (1, 1 3,8 30 650 196 , 25 MgCO, 0 5,8 3,3 30 765 136 , 0,3 niarlle3HTa 5,7 3,3 40 810 146 15 %% KapTOC);e.m,Hoi \1(. rrt 4, (i 3,02 445 100 25 Ca(--O3 0 5,3 3,17 720 160 , 25 MgCO3 0 5,2 2,87 945 212 , 0,3 MarHe3HTa 5,0 2,9 1015 228 11 , C, 2,55 675 '100 3 MartIC31ITa 0 5,4 2,7 855 126 , 0,3 MgCO3 . 4,6 3,05 1036 150 4,3 2,61 7,3 580 100 15 MarHe3llTa . 0 !,7 2,78 6,8 980 170 , 25 2 4 2,63 11,3 1250 214 0, , 4,2 4,9 1072 4,7 !i,7 1400 25 MgCO3 . . 0 4,85 4,85 1460 , To we . . . . . 6,8 5,2 1700 BaJIaCb IIp1I HOMOL101 I-ICI H NH4CI Ha BbICOKOM ypOBHe (pH=4,O) Ha Hp0- T2}KCIIHII BCCFO Hpollecca BbIpaLUIIBaIIHSI (Ta6.-i. 5). H0.'Iy40HIIble pe3yJlbTaTbl y'Ka3biBaK)T Ha TO, 11T0 IIe3aBHCHM0 OT pI-I Ky.-lb' TyOaJIbHOII }KHJI,KOCTH MaFIIC3HT IIOBbiwae'r J eKCTpHHOJIHTH9eCKyI O H MaJlbTa3- IIVIO aKTHBIIOCTb r iy6HHHOId Ky.lbTypbl rpH6a. bJIarOHpIIBTHOC BJIIIBIIHC Mari1119 Ha (pepMCHTaTHBHYIO aKTHBIIOCTb rJIy6nIi- Boll KyJlbTypbI rpH6a A. niger HO6y)1,HJIO Hac HCHbITHTb , pyrHe M0Ta.1.;lb1 (pe3V.nbTaTbl HpHMCHCHHB Ka,IbIH451 HpHBCAeHbI BbIIHC). HpenHOJlara5i, IITO J1,CIICTBHC MarllliB B KaKOII-TO Mepe CBn3al-IO C KOM- i:JICKC006pa3YIOLI1CH ciioco6II0CTb1O 9TOrO MCTaJIJIa, B OHbITbI 6bI.HI BKJ110-ICHbl .O FHC McTaJIJIbI, XapaKTC1)H3VKOH1.HeCB BbICOKOII cnoco6HOCTbIO KOMH.IICK000C- pa30BaI1H51,- IIHIIK, K06a.IbT H BHCM,T. I Ia6J110/1CHHSI noKa3a.!IH, '-ITO MarHHH He MO)KCT 6bITb BameHeH yKa3aHHhIMIi McIa.IJIaMH (Ta6 a. 6). ).ecICTBHC MarHHB CHCI>HCJIhIIIO B OTHOHICHHH HpHMenueMOro BHJja rpH6a. OHo BpOHBJrnCTC51 iia pa3JIHBHbIX HLTaMMaX A. niger, HO HC o611apy Keuo B Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BliuRHue coneu Maeuux Ha Aspergillus niger Ta6.aiua 5 BAunHue Maceun Ha gepiiekmamueuyio aKlnu8Hcntb eny6uHH011 Kynbmypbc A. n.ger a 3aeucuMocmu om pH cy0empama 4 r MyKH . . . . . . . . . . . 0,25 MgCO3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,05 NH4C1-1-HCI * . . . . . . . . . 0,15 MgCO3--0,05N114C1 IICI . . . * HCI Ao6aBnnnacb B p11= 4,1. uav. I KOHC'I. 41, 4 6,8 4,1 4,1 4,8 5,2 4,1 4'1 A. C., I A. C., eA. CA. 850 1400 765 1500 M. C., CA. 100 250 112 261 Heo6xo,HMi.ix A.an yCTaHOIMeHHB Ta6jaHua 6 BAwmuI Neiomopbcx Mema.voe Ha cpepMeumamu(Hyin aKmueHCemb eny6uuuou Kyabmypbc A. niger 1A. C. I a. c. I M. C. 13 e;mim fax 2.0 MyKH . . 650 112 0,25 MgO . . . 900 206 0,05 GO . . . 675 175 2.0 MVKH 5, 3 855 185 0,25 MgO 5, 3 1100 313 0,25 ZnO 4, 8 765 133 2,0 MyKH . . . 765 101 0,25 MgO . . . . 1100 175 0,05 GO . , 675 112 0,26 Bi (NO3), 675 59 k:Jly4ae Bbipau Bai1HSI na 9THx cy6cTpaTax A. oryzae, 'ITO C.IeJIyeT 113 MaTe- pHaJioB, HpHBef eIIHbIX B Ta6Ji. 7. Ta6.aii Ua 7 /Liu,mue Maenux Ha rJep.ueHnaamuauyin aKmu~H^cros enyo'unHMx xynbmyp Aspergillus niger u Aspergillus oryzae A. niger To Hie A. oryzae To 'KC 4,0 MyKH -0,5 NH4C1 i- FICI . . . . . 4,0 My!u 4-0,15 MgO 0,5 NH4CI }.HCI 4,0 MyKH+0,5 NH,CI+HCI . . . . . 4,0 MyKH 0,15 MgO I-NH4CI+HCI In'Iii llb Iloe 4,1 4,1 4,1 4,1 KOIICI- IIOC 4,1 4,1 5,0 5,3 1. C.II.C.Irb1.C. 2,6 13 30 40 765 1500 560 560 112 261 60 68 LlTO6bI BbTACIHITb pOJlb uoiia Mar11Iia B Hpoijecce CrO B03JjCNCTBHfl Ha CHIITe3 rp1160M CNCpMCHTOB, O,-II1OBpc1eH1I0 C MarHI1cM B Ka4CCTBe KOM- I;JICKC006pa30BaTeJIA C MCTa,3. aMH (MarHHCM H IIp.) BIlocJ1,'IaCb IIaTpHCBa5I COJIh 3TliJICII,i[HaMHIITeTpayKCyCHOII KHCJIOTbI (TpaJIOH B). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 156 B. B. BHTKUH BnuFHue 9muAcHCua~l uHrrcmpa4M cHru xucArmbl (mruArna B) a xaznu1I Ha tPepMenmamu8Hyro aKmUen(CMb KyAbmypbl epuCa A. C. I I. C. I M. C. 5,9 8 765 901 25 MgO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,5 0 30 1100 175 , 0 n1yKH+0,25 MgOd-0,05 TpIJJIOHa B . . 5,2 2 24 968 170 , 0 MyKH-f-0,25 MgOH-0,1 TpHnoxa B . . 5,0 2 20 800 170 , 2,0 MyKH-+0,1 TpHnoxa B . . . . . . . 5,5 4 580 49 BJIHHHIIe HaTpHeBON COJIII 3THJIeHAnaMnHTeTpayKCyCHOH KHCJIOTbI, BHeCeH- HOH B Cy6CTpaT OAHOBpeMeHHO C MarHHeM, HpHBeAeHO B Ta6JI. 8. AIIaJIH3 nOJIyteilHbIX J~aHHbIX yKa3blBaeT Ha TO, 'ITO OJ[IIOBpeMeHHOe BBC- JjeHne B Cy6CTpaT MarHHH H 9TwwleIIAHaMHHTeTpayKCyCHOH KHCJIOTbI 0cJIa6.?Ae: 6JIaronpuHTHOe aeACTBHe MarHu i Ha (3epMelITaTHBHyio aKTHBHOCTb rJly6HHuO4 KyJlbTypbl A. niger. Y4nTbIBaB pe3yJIbTaTbI 3THX OHbITOB, MO)KHO npeAHoela- raTb, 'ITO ACFCTBHe MarHIIH CBH3aHO C erO CBo60JlHbIMH IIOHaMH. CB93aunbiff ?Ke MarHIIH aKTHBHpyIOLunM )jefCTBHeM He o6JIaAaeT. BbiBOA bI 1. UOKa3aHa BO3MO}KHOCTb 3Hau lTe.IbHoro HOBbIHICIIHB (pepMeIITaTHBHOH aKTHBHOCTH ri1y61IIIHOH KyJIbTypbl rpH6a A. niger npH Ao6aBJIeIIHn B cy6CTpaT yFJICKIICJIOIO MarHUH HJIH OKHCH MarHIIH B BHAe TeXHHLIeCKOFO npenapaTa. 2. FIOBbILueHne (pePMeHTaTIIBHOH aKTHBHOCTH HOA BJIIIHHHeM MarHJ1I n0- 3BOJIHeT n04Tn BABOC rlOHH3HTb HOPMy BHeCeIIHH r.Iy6,HHHOH KyJIbTypbl AJIH ocaXapHBaHnH 3aTOpOB. 3. IlpHMCHeHHe MaFHHH COnpOBO%AaeTCH nOBbiuieHneM aKTIIBIION KHC.lOT- HOCTH KyJIbTypaJIbHOH 3KHaKOCTH, 4TO cllinKaeT 6JIarOnpIIHTHOe AecCTBIIe Mar- HIM Ha aMHJIa3HyIO aKTIIBHOCTb. 4. Ha KOHueHTpHpOBaIIHOH 6apie aKTIIBHacI KHCJIOTHOCTb He AocTh:r aeT ypOBHH, HpenHTCTBYIOIIjeFO HaKOn.neHnlo aMHJIa3bl, H B 3TOM CJiy4ae MarH1H yBeJIH4hBaeT He TOJIbKO AeKCTpnHOJIHTI'eCKyiO H MaJIbTa3HYIO, HO iH aMHJIO- JIHTH4eCKyK) aKPHBIIOCTb KyJlbTypbl rpn6a. 5. CTHMyJIHpyIOMee BJIHHHHe MarHHH B npouecce HaKOH.ileHIB A. Luger KpaXMannopacmenJIHIOIi[HX (JepMeHTOB, BO3MO}KHO, CBH3aIIO C HapywweIIIIeM HoHHOH ypaBHOBeIueHHOCTH nHTaTeJIbHOro Cy6CTpaTa. JIIITEPATYPA B A T K H H B. B. YCJIOBIIB pOCTa -,inueJIHB H HaKOnJIeHNB aMHJIOJIIHTH4eCKHX t4epMeHTOB npH rJIy6HHHOM BbIpaIuHBaHHH rpu6a Aspergillus niger. Tpyabl BHI4I4CII, IlnUjenpOMH3J1aT, 1954, Bbin. III, CTp. 34. K 0 C T bi 4 e B C. II. (DIUHOJIOrHB pacTeHxu. OF143, 1947. K JI H M 0 B C K H N A. H., P 0,1 3 e B H 'i B. 14. MCTO;j onpeuerleHHSI aKTHBHOCTH coJIoiia B Cn11pTOBOB npoMbImJIeHHOCTH. TpyAbl BHH11CI-I, IlunjenpoMH3AaT, 1952, BbIn. 2, cTp. 83. C e H T - A )K H O p a b n A. 0 Mbhme4HOil 1je2TeJIbHOCTII. MearH3, 1947. C 0 T H H K o3 E. H. 1. 06pa3oBaHHe JIIMOHHOIi KHCJIOTbI rpH6K0M A. niger. 06pa30BaIIHe JIHMOHHOil KIICaOTbI Ha 6eccMeHHbIX paCTBOpaX. JLOKJI. AH CCCP, 1934a, T. 3, Ne 4, cTp. 273. CO T H H K 0 B E. H. II. 06pa3oBaHHe JIIIMOHHOH KHCJIOTbI Ha CMeHHbIX paCTBOpaX. Tat ace, CTp. 279 COT H H K 0 B E. 14. 111. 06pa30BaHHe JIHMOHHOII KHCJIOTbl Ha MHOrOKpaTHOCMeHHOM pac- TBOpe. AOKJI. AH CCCP, 19346, T. 3, Na 5, Up. 544. \V e b s t e r Y. a. V a m e r J. Aspartase metabolism and asparagine synthesis in plant systems. J. Biol. Chem., 1955, v. 215, N 1, p. 97. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 F. M. 11/ae zoecrcui~ BJIH$IHHE )KEJIE3'A HA CHHTE3 PH5O41JIABHHA H AbIXATEJIbHbJE CHCTEMbI ,U PO)K)KEN CANDIDA GUILLIERMONDII (JlbsoncIHR rocy,~apcrseutri,rIl yHHBepcHTeT HM. H. I'paHKO) CnocO6HOCTb MHKp0OpraHH3MOB o6pa3OBbIBaTb 6oJIbLuHe KOJIH4eCTBa BH- TaMHHOB npHBJIeKaeT K ce6e BHHMaHHC KaK C npaKTHLIeCKOiI, TaK H C ieope- TIiMICCKOI'i TO4eK 3peHHH. Pa3JIHgHble MHKpo6bI - CHHTeTHKH BHTaMHIIOB B12 H B2 - MOryT HCHOJIb30BaTbCH JjJIH npOMbIIHJIeHuoro HOJIy4eI lIH 3THX BH'raMH- IIOB, a TaK}Ke )IJIH H3FOTOBJIeHHA BHTaMHHI13HpOBaHHbIX HpOJgyKTOB H KOpMOB. BMecTe C TOM, HccJIej oBaHHSi McXaHH3Ma BHTaMHHOB, np1i411H CFO H0HBJIeIILIN H pa3BHTH51, HBJIASICb HaH6oJlee BepHbiM nyTeM OBJIa11eHLISI H C03HaTeJIbIIOro ynpaBJleHHfl 3THMH npoueccaMH, paCKpbIBaIOT OCHOBHble 3aKO- IloMepHOCTIl IIopMaJIblIOro H OTKJIOHeHHOFO o6MeIIa BeLueCTB MHKp06HOli KJIeTKH. K rpynHe MHKpO6OB - CBePXCHHTeTHKOB BHTaMHHa B2 (pH6o(pJIaBH- Ha)- npHHaztJleacaT acnoporennble apotKxKH Candida Guilliernzondii. Cno- Co6HOCTb C. Cuilliermondii K o6pa3oBaIIHIo 60JIbHJHX KOJIHIICCTB J)H60[1JJIaB11- Ha 6bIJIa OTKpbITa B 1943 r. Bepxroiib;gepor (Burkholder, 1943a u 6) H, He- 3aBHCHMO OT Hero, rOgoM r1o33Ke LlloncpepoM (Schopfer, 1944). Pa60Ta 1H 3THX HccJIejOBaTeJIeiI, oco6eHII0 bepKroJlbJjepa, 6bIJIO H3y'1eno BJIHHHHe pa3- .IIH4HbIX (]3aKTOpOB BHeIHHef! CpeJtbi H YCJIOBHH HHTaHHH ua o6pa3OBaHHe BH- TBMHHa B2 C. Gudliermondii. B iaCTHOCTH, 6blJio yCTaHOB.AeHO, TO 06pa3o- BaHHIO BHTaMIIHOB CIIOCO6CTBYIOT a3pauHSI H HeKOTOpble HCT04IIIIKH yr.TIeao,g- IIOFO H a3OTHCTOro 1IHTaxnfl, 0006eHHO HOKOTOpbIO aMHIIOKHCJIOTbI. BCKope OTKpbITHe BepKrOJIbJjepa H LBon(pepa HOJITBCp;jH.7III 1 aH1Iep H Jjp. (Tanner, Vojnovich a. Van Lanen, 1945). OHIH ycTallooHJIII TaK}Ke. 6OJ1bH1yIo 4yBCTBH're..7bIIOCTb HaKOnJIeHHH pH60(jJJIaBHIia B KyJlbType C. Guilliermondii K }KeJle3y. OKa3aglocb, 4T0 BbICOKaH HHTeIICHBHOCTb HaKOn- JI0HI151 pI6o(jJIaBHHa B03MO}KHa JIHI.Hb npH COJ[ep}KaIIHH B cpeje MHIIHMa.TIbIIbIX (0,04-0,06 y/MJI) KOJIH4eCTB 3TOF0 McTBJI JIa. YBeJIH ieuHe COaep>Ka1IHfl }Ke_- JIe3a Jjo 0,1 y/MJI pe3KO CHH}KaeT HaKOHJIeHHe p116o(p,AaBHHa. OTKpbITIIe TaKO- r0 CneljH(j)H4eCKOlO JjeHCTBHH }KeJ1e3a 0OCTaBHJ10 HO,g COMIIOHIIC pCyJIbTaTbI MHOrHX pallee HpOH3B0,g1MbIX OnblTOB, HIM KOTOpbIX ire o4IirgaJild peaKTIIBOB 11 [OCy,gy OT nplIMece>;i 11 3arpH3lleHHli -Ke,Tle30M. KpoMe Toro, npaKTH4ecKoe HCHOJIb3OBaHHe C. Guilliermondii C LLeJIbK) npOMbIHIJIeHHOro nOJly4errHSI pil6o- H)JIaBHHa IIJIH Bn'raMIIHH3aUHH I1p0JLyKTOB oKa3aJI0Cb Tpy1IHbr1. fpaBJja, B 1949 r. coo6Lua.lOCb 0 B03M0}KHOCTII fe 'y ieHHH BHTaMHHa B2 IIPH nOMOlijrl C. Guillier/nondii H C. Jlareri B HoJIy3abo cfcux NiaCLLITa6ax Ha cpeJ[ax, 6eg- Ilbix >Ke.le30M (Levine H Jjp., 1949), O4HaKO HIITep#C HCCJIC;joBaTejleI3 K 3TNM Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 JIpo}K}KaM ocJIa6JIBeTCA, HecMOTp4I Ila TO, 'ITO npilllHHbl TopM031u er0 JeRC'r- BIISI >KC.;I03a IM HaKOH1e1nie pit6oO)JIaBHHa B CpCJC O'CTaJIHCb rieNCCJIe1jOBaI1- 1IIbIMN. B miTepaType BbICKa3aHbl IlpeJno-ToN eHII9 OTIIOCIITCJIbHO MCX3HH3Ma JICH CTBHB }KCJIC3a Ha IiaKonJTeIIIIe piT6o(PJIaBNI-la B KyJlbType aUeTOlio6YTfi OBh1X J1CBli- 6aKT0pNiI, 96dT5iK)L1IHXCfl TaK}Ke CBepXCNHTC"rNK8Mi1 Bi.TdMNHa B2. TaK, TOII (Leviton, 1946) C'IHTaJI, 'ITO B H1)IICYTCTBHH IIOBbIIUCHHbIX KOJIH'ICCTB }KeJie3a CII1ITC3 pn6o(pJIaBHIIa lie nOJaBJIfleTCn, a npOHCXOJNT pa3pyLH0111te y}Ke. O6pa30l3alIHOr0 6aKTCpHBMII BHTaMHHa. Flo MIIeHHIO MMaf (Imai, 1955), 3KCJIC30 yrlleTaCT JCHTC.IIbHOCTb ()epMeIITOI3, yIIaCTBylOHINX B C11IITe3e MOJICKy- Jibl p1160(1)JIaBHfla. BIlo.lorl14CCKOe 06-bSICIIeiIHe JaiilOrO HBJICIIHR IIpHBOJHT B CBOC1 pa6oTC XIIKKCi'l (Hickey, 1945). DToT aBTOp rio,TlaraeT, T-ITO yCIIJICH1iOe o6pa3oBaHHC BNTaMHIIa II PM ilH3KNX KOHIICIITpaIIHHX )Ke.TIe3a B cpeie CBil3a1i0 C 1-IapyniciiI[eM cm-Ire3a }K0JIC3oCOJCp1Kanlr1X IblXaTCJlbllblX (JepMeHTOB Cl. ace- lobulyllcutli if riacTI19110H iiX 3aMeH0il (j).TaBOnpOTeHjIIbIMH CHCTCMaNH. rlpuu JOCTa'rc)LmOM cHa6>KCH1ill CpCJbl }KCJIe3OM Heo6xoJHMOCTb B HOBbIHICHHOM o6pa30BaillTH BHTaMItlIa B2 4KO6bI oTnaJaeT. B liaCTOflill,CIt pa6oTe i13JlaraeTCO HOHbITKa BbIHCHHTb XapaKTep BJI115111HI }KCJIC3a iia HaKo1LIICHNe pH60(j)JIaBNHa B KyJlbTypaX C. Gullliernlondii 1. B CBCTC npOBCJCHHblX NCCJICJOBaI1i1u c Cl. acelobulylicum MO}KHO 6bIJI0 IIpCJ- no.noxcH'rb, ITO H B KyJlbType C. Guillierrnondii xceJle3o Jiii6o CNOCO6CTByeT pa3pywCH11I0 yxce 06pa3OBallHOrO Jp0)K}KaMH BHTaMNHa, Jin6o, BJINHB IIa o6- MCIT BCIUCCTB opraHll3Ma, npBMO HJIII KoCBeHHO yrHeTaeT 6noCn1-ITe3 pH60- (jJI a BHI I a. >Ke an npOBepl'ITb BO3MO}KIIOCTb pa3pyiueHNn pT6o(JJIaBNHa B KyJlbType' C. Guilliermondii C HoBbILHeHHbIM COJCpWaHHeM }Kejie3a (0,11 '2/MJI), Mbl Hpn6aBJI5IJIH K HHTaTCTlbHOH cpeac BCpKFO.TIbJepa C rJIHKOKOJIOM, Ha Koropou BblpaILIIiBaJIIICb J2po>K)KH, p116o(PJIaBHH JO K0IIU0HTpauI1 15,0 Y/MJI H npOBe- pBJIH coaep>KaHHe 9TOFO BHTaMHHa nocae CCMI3 JHeil HHKy6auHH (MeTOJH- Ka OnbITOB onucaHa B pa6oTC UJaBJIOBCKOrO H 1-IHCTBKOBOH, 1956). OJHOBpe- MCHIiO CTaBHJIIICb KOIITpOJlbnble OHbITbl 6e3 npH6aBJICHH5I pH600)JIaBHHa K KyJIbTypaM Jpo K)Kef. IIpH OnpeJCJICHHn BIITaMHHa BBOJHJIacb rlOnpaBKa Ha ncnapellue cpei i npH 1II-IKy6aIIH11. IIpH yrleTe CHHTC3a pu60OJIaBHHa yl-IHTbI- Ba.IICSi TOJIbKO pi1600)JiaBHH, BbIJeJieHHblli B CpeJly. Ta6JIHua 1 I3.usuue .NCeaesa na o6pa3oeanue it coxpaueuue pu6c4 naeuna B rcya.5mype C. Guilliermcndii JIo68BJ1 Ho K (PC;~C, I; Mn Y po)haii ppON~NCCII, Mr \1J1 Komic,yyH,Tpau11 l pH60(ynrHlia B Cl:C1C, 1IMJ Ko.ai ' ecTr.o p H6o(11nae H Ha Ii cl e; e. % OT Hp 116a f:Joc IH0- ro BHTaMHHa B1,ITCACH11142 H cpe;{y pB6o- [IIJ1aBHH, Mrjr KOCTOK 0,01 Fe 1,66 16 - 10,20 r ~ 0,11 Fe /,08 2,1 - 0,52 0, I I Fe-}- 3,42 20,'i 136,0 1,58 15,0 B., I KaK HOKa3aJIH pe3yJlbTaTbI a1IaJIfI30B, npHBeJeHHble B Ta6JI. 1, nOBbIHI0l1110 cojcp}KaI ii2 }KCJIC3a B CpC`JC C 0,01 JO 0,11 V/MJI HpHBeJTO K pe3KOMy HaJe- I-Iltio I[aI oC) IeiiHfl pil6o(4JIaBIHia - npoLyKTIiBHOCTb 6HOCHHTC3a KJICTOK yMClIbIIIIi.'IaCb FOIITH B 20 pa3, o,21IaKO IIpH6aa.IeHHbiH B cpeJy BHTaMHII HOJI- B BbIIIOJIHeHHH OTJ(eaibHbbX OHbITCB npuHHMaJIH y' aCTHe A. M. boraT'lyK, B. C. I-INCT%I- KOBa 11 J1. H. CTpyroBIIIHKOBa, KOTOphIM aBTOp npBHOCHT CBOIO 6J1aro apHOCTb. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B IURHUe Icene3a Ha pu6oCllnaauH it db1xaTeRbHble CUCTeAUa d0oic3ceu 159 HOCTbIO B I-ICif COXpaiizJIil. HpH HCHbITal[IFH jeiiCTB;f5I 6o.IIee Bb1COKIIX KOII- IleliTpaLirlH }KC:IC3a 6bL1o yCTaF[0^B.IIeiIo, eITo ;Ia}Ke 1,0 yFe/M?T lie BbI3b1BaeT pa3pyHlelIHB BIiTaMilFia B cpc: e. TaKHM or)pa3oM, B IlpHCVTCTBII1I FIOBbILIICII- IibiX KO.,'IFRICCTB >KCJIe3a B Cpe,2e cIier[H(f)H'ICCKH yMeHbIlIaeICSI IIIITeIICHBIFOCT3 61rocJIHTC3a pii6o(jJIaBirFra KyJILTypeii C. Guilliermondii. a.1 H BbiKCIICFIr H BOHpoca, He TOpM0311T JIH }Ke.IIe30 BKTHBIIOCTH (J)CpMCIITOB, IiCHOCpeJ clBCHIIO y1-IaCTBVIO111 iX B CHIITe3e MOJIeKyjj BHTaMHIIa, B IIaiurIX OHbl- 'Iax (L1JaB,1oBCK1IH, 1958) 6bIJIH HCHOJIb3oBalibI HOKOHLL[IICCII KJIeTKlr C. Gull- liernzondii. LITOFbI CBCCTII K MHHHMyMy pOCT Jjpoxc}KeK, HX KVJIbTHBIlpOBa.-Ili CHagaJia iia cpe;Ie e Cy6onTii.NTa.1b11OK KoHueHi'pauijeif CCpbl (0,005 MrS/M.l), a 3aT0MI oTMbIBaTI11 LjCIII'pli(~)yI'IIpOBaiiJje I Ii HCpciiocHJIH iia CpCAy, -IlILUCIIIIVIO Cepbi. HpuMeiiw-iUL h TpexcyTOeIIIbIC KJICTKH C. Guilllernlondii, BbIpoCIIIIie Ha cpe,je c 0,01 'FC/MJI H aKTHBHO CHHTe3Hpy10IIjHe pH6o(pJIaBI11I. KaK BH;jHO H3 ,2aHIIbix Ta6Ji. 2, HpH HCIelieCCHHH FIX B CpCJjy 6e3 Cepbl (Ha4a.3bHaA KOHIjelITpal1,15I J3RU.`:Hae JKC,4L'3a Ha CH811UI'3 /)u5O(/LziaAUHa lZOKOSIU(U.MUC2 KAMIKU Ill C. G11il- liermondii, rilhlpoculu:uu Ha cl)ede c 0,01 T Fe,Jv1U BllcmSi KclrllrI- KrnnjCHrpal{HS >KCAe3a H C e- KcrIIICHTraiue 1 0>K >KCI1 FIOC.1IC 1TIOTIf- r.Hpol1amlo Ko flue HTpa q II II p116o(b,uii3m l poBaIII lsl, ;.ICI,I I Ae, i;M.'I 0 0T II T'II JIb II of J :ma Cpe3bI Mr; r K JIB TO I< CIIII1C3IIPOB3,l- 11010 311 I 'Ia(-, 7;r KJK TOK 40 0,01 2,32 918 6,2 2,65 66,3 40 0,125 2,46 126 6,2 2,62 65 6 112 0,01 3,27 167 16,3 4,99 , 44 5 112 0,125 3,45 176 16,5 4,79 , 4),! I?poxKxKeiii B epe,ze 1,P6 1r/M.II) JJpO)K)KH HpoJlOJINca1H OCyll(CCTBJISITb 6HOcnii- TC3 BHTaM11I1a c o,,miiaKOBOfl HIITCIICHBHOCTbIO, He3aBHCHMO OT CO)Jepx{aHHH KeJIe3a B Ky.IIbTypaJ1bHOi4 }KHJ[KO-CTH. TaKHM orpa30M, M CJie3O He yFFICTaJ1O aKTIIBFIOCTII (IJCpMC11TOB, yriaCTByIOLUHX B CHI-ITC30 MOJICKyJIbl pH6o(p..IIaBnhia J[p0}K}KaMH, a BJIHHJFO KOCBeHIiO Ha 9TOT HPOLIeCC. TaK KaK iia cpejlax C H113KHM cojep}KaHHeM }KeJIC3a 3IIawIHTe.IbI1O yMelib- LHaeTCB pOCT , poxc%cII, TO, o ieBHRHO, 'ITO KyJlbTypa C. Guilliermondii B Ta- KHX VC.IIOBFinX HCBbITbIBaCT HeJJOCTaTOK MCTaJIJIa H CC 06MeII BCLL[CCTB U0.7DK0II B KaKO11-10 Mepe IlapywaTbCq. MO}KHO C!IHTaTb, 'ITO OJ[HHM 113 CJIe-iCTBHii 9T0- CO HapVIHCHHSI IIBJIHeTCB KaK pa3 yciiJIeHHe CHHTe3a pH6oJJIaBHHa, 6oJIb[HHC KOJIHgICCTBa KOTOpOI'O Bbi, eJIAIOTCIF B Cpeiy H, CJIe!jOBaTeJIbHO, He HCHOJIb3y- FOTCA KJICTKOii ,2,15I HOCTpoeHHA KO(JJepMeHTOB. ECJIH ii iJ[ep}KHBaTbCH TaKOK TOBIKH 3pcuH9, TO MO}KFIO O}KliJjaTb, 'ITO FIC TOJIbKO YMeHbweFIHC KOHljeiiTpaumi }KeJIe3a B cpejie, HO H ,L pyrlie B03Jleu- CTBH51, 3aTpy;u-I5PouIye HCI1O.IIb3oBaHHe )KCJIe3a B McTa6o.,IIFi3Me C. Guillier- mondi , TaK}KC jOJI>KI[bI HpaBO1jaTb K CTHMVJIHIjaai1 CHiITe3a pH6ocp,IIaBFIHa. Mb! HOHb1TaJIIiCb Bbl3BaTb COC'IOIIHHe Fe-iie,L ocTaTO1IHOCTH Jjp0}K}Kefi, BBO- ,19 B CpCJIy KOM'XJICKCO:)6pa3oBaTe.'I14, TaKHC, KBK O OCIIaHTpOJ11HI H (LCL JiHpFFJI, CHeljli(j)H1I0CKH CBA3bIBaJOH(He }KCJIe3O B BO, OpaCTBOp1iMbie HOllbl [Fe(C12H31~2)3I H [Fe(CIpHgN2)31*+ HpilMCHn.7HCb TaK}KC HOBbiHIef}ibIC KOHi1e1ITpa1j lH HeKOTOpbiX M1IKpO9JIeMCHTOB (CLI, Mn, Co, Ni). L~JIA HFIX 6b:1 yCTaHOB,7cu Flii31I0JIOI'HrICCKHFi aliTal'011H3M C }KeJIC30M B 06MCJIC BCHiCCTB r-pH60B H BbICLHHx pacTeHHili (Hewitt, 1948; Healy H up., 1955). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 160 F. Al. IllaanoacKUu BAuHHue Ko.MnAexeoo6pa3oeanleneii U Kc6a2'Ima Ha poein u eunme3 pu6o(PaaauHa Candida Guilliermondii (B cpeiie 0,125 7 FejiJI) I`OHTpOJIb . . . . . . . . . CpeAa 'Ho-(~euaIITpOJIHH: 20,0 ^(j MJI CpeAa+a,a'-AHHHAHpMJI: 30,0 7/MJI CpeAa Co++: 50,0 Y/M.n . . KOHI4eHTPaI{HH pH6O- OJIaHHHa TIME I Mr;r YPO)Kail APOxKNKCA, MrIMJI 4,0 1,2 1,16 2,02 4,9 18,3 7,4 27,5 1,23 15,3 6,93 13,6 B Ta6:i. 3 HpIIBejl,eHbI JjaHHbIC OHbITa C O-(j)CHaIITpOJIHIIOM, pa3JnHHHb10 KOHH,CIITp3IHH KOTOpOro HpI16aBJIHJIHCb K cpe;le, cojepxcaiuef 0,125 yFe/MJI. 01111 IIOKa3brBaIOT, 4T0 B HpHCyTCTBHH BbICOKHX KOIIueHTpauHH 3TOrO BeLuC- CTBa, B 15 pa3 HpeBbILIIa}OILIHX KOJIHUeCTBO, HCO6XOJJHMOC J)JIH CBH3bIBalIHSI Bcero xceJie3a CpeJlbl (J(JISi CBH3bIBaHHA 0,125 VFe/M.n Heo6xoJJHMo 1,325 V/MJI o-O)duIaIITpo.'IHHa), HacTynaCT 3Ha4HTeJIb)IOC HOBbILIICIIHe IIIITCIICHBHOCTH 6H0- CHIITC3a pii6oq)JiaBHlla KJIeTKaMH, a TaK)KC 3aMeTI10e TOpMO)KeIiHC pOCTa KyJIb- Typbl. a,c'-Jji!HII,'jHpHJI OKa3aJIC5I MCHCC 9Cp(1eKTHBIIbIM B CMbICJIC HOBbiLIIeHH5I IIpojyKTIiBIIOCTH CIIHTe3a BHTaMHHa. O,jHaKo II B 3TOM CJlyiiae OHa B03paCTa- JIa 6oJIee 4ICM HICCTHKpaTHO. C.ieJiyeT OTMeTHTb, IITO ;(efiCTBIIC 3THX BeIUeCTB BBJ1 [eTCB CTporO cneuH(j)HI ecKHM. KOMO,TeK0006pa3OBaTeJIb, H3611paTeJiblIO CBII3bIBaioLuuIH ITOHbI Me;1 1 -;j H3THJIJIHTHOKap6aMaT HaTpHA, He oKa3blBaJI B IIaLHHX OHbITaX CyI-UCCTBei[IlorO BJ111OHH5I Ha CHlITe3 pH6oc)JIaBHHa Jjpo}K}KaMH. 1'13 IICHbIThHIIbiX MHKpO9JICMCHTOB TOJIbKO Ko6aJIbT CHJIbHO nOBbUU JI HI1- TeHdHBHOCTb 6H0CHIITC3a B13TaMHIIa B2 C. Guilliermondii. fOBbIHJeHHe KOH- IIeIITpauHll MC, M, MapraHua H HHKCJI51 OKa3aJIOCb He9(N(~CKTHBHbIM. Haines JjaHHbie no JIe5CTBHIO K06aJlbTa Ha CHIITe3 BHTaMHHa B2 COrJIaCyloTCa C pe- ;?yJIbTaTaMH HeaaBHOOHy6JI4KOBaHH01'I pa6OTbI DHapu (Enari, 1955), KOTOpbii( B IICCKOJIbKO ApyrHX yCJIOBHHX OHbITa TaK)KC HOKa3aJ1 BO3MO>KHOCTb CTHMye'IH- pODBaiul5l K06aJIbIIOM C14HTC3a pH6O(J.nabHHa y C. Guilliertnondii. 7I `T06bi JIy9IHe HOHHTb MCXaHH3M BJIH911119 KOMHJICKcoo6pa3oBaTeJleII H KO- 6aJIbTa Ha CHIITC3 p160(jJJIaBHHa, 6bIJIH I1pOBe;jellbl TaK)K OHbITbI C HOKO2LIIH- 1IHCA KJICTKaMH C. Cuilliermondii. 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Guilliermondii B yC.IIOBHHX pa3JIH4 IIOFI O6CCHC'ICIIHOCTH KJIeTOK Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BnuRHue xcene3a Ha pu6olbnaeuH u dbexareAbxble cucreAlbi dpoxcxcea 161 }KeJIe30M H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbIHO, I1eOJ[HHaIKOBOII CHOCO6HOCTH Apo 1oKeu K CHH- Te3y BHTaMHHa B2- B annapaTe Bap6ypra HaMH IfccJleAosa.uocb abixaime KyJIbTyp C. Guillier- inondii pa3JIH9HbIX B03paCTOB, BbIpOCillHx Ha CpeAaX C 0,01 H 0,2 VFe/MJI. Pe3yJIbTaTb1 onpeaeJleHHrl HpHBeAeIIbI B Ta6JI. 4. )IByX- H nHTHCyTOgllbie KJIeT- KH C. Guilliermondii 3THX ABYX BapuaHTOB MaJIO oTJIHT-IaiOTC51 OAHa OT ApyrouI 110 IIHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaIIIIA. Ta6111111a 4 BAu5Hue codepxcaHUR xcenera a cpede Ha uHmeHcua- Hccmb dblxaHux C. Guilliermondii Bo3pa1T iC\'TIb- T\'31,I, ]Tall 0,01 ' Fe/w 0.2 1 FeJM.n 75,5 42,4 49,0 72,1 37,0 15,8 TO,7bKO B CeMHAHeBHbIX KyJlbTypax KJIeTKH, xyxce o6ecneileHHbie ?KeJIe3OM, AbIIHaJiH 60Jiee HHTeHCHBHO. LITO6bi OnpeAeJIHTb CTeneHb yiIaCTH51 I1HTOXpOMOKCHAa3bI B CHCTeMe TepMH- HaJIbHbIX OKCHAa3 C. Guilliermondii, MbI OTpaBHJIH KJIeTKH Tex }Ke B03paCTOB 0,001 M pacTBOpoM KCN. OKa3aJIOCb, '4TO abIxamie Ap0}K}Kec 113 CpeAb1 Kay, 6oraTOII, TaK H 6eAHoII }KeJie30M, BOAaBJISIJIOCb 3THM SIAOM TOJIbKO B ogenb He6oJibmo>l CTeHCHH (Ha 5-17%), a B oTAe.nbHbIX CJIyga2x 6bIJIO HOJIHOCTb10 imaHHAope3HCTeHTHbIM. KOHTpOJIbHoe onpeAeJleHHe gefICTBH51 IjHaHHAa Ha IlCKapCKHX Apo}K}Kax Aa.mo 88% yrHeTe1H5I. MbI OTpaBJISIJIH KJIeTKH C. Guil- liermondii TaK}Ke a3HAOM HaTpHH (0,005 M). IIpH HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3TOro nnrH6HTOpa AbIXaHHe MOJIOAbIX jpo>K}Kef, BbIpOCMIIX Ha CpeAaX c pa3JIHLIHbIM COAep}KaHHe1N1 }KeJIe3a, TOpMO311JIOCb UPH6JIH3IITe.IIbFIO B OAIIHaKOBOII CTeneHH (Ha 68-72% ~B ABYXCyTOWIlIbIX Ky.nbrypax). T-ITO KacaeTC51 Sacch. cerevisiae, To eme H.IIbBexbeMOM (Elvehjem, 1931) 6bIJIO ycTalfOBJieno naAcHHe HHTCIICHBHOCTH AbIXa1111A ApOWK}Keii, BbIpOCHIHX Ha CpeAaX C IIIi3KHM coAepxcalIHCM }KeJ1e3a. B TaKHX KJIeTKaX B03paCTa.ia TaK}KC CTenCHb VLIaCTIISI B AbIXa1IHH uIfaHHAOpe3HCTCIFI'IIbIX ((4)JIaBHHOBbIX) (j)epMenTOB. IZO.,Iy~IeHllbie HaMH AaHHble noKa3bIBaIOT CyII eCTBeIIHble OTJIHiIHSI AbIXaTe.llbHblX CI-ICTCM C. Guilliermondii H Sacch. cerevisiae. OHH CBHJ eTeJIb- CTByIOT TaK>KC 0 IIe3HagHTe.IIbHOIi poJIH }KeJie3a B O)OPMHPOBaIIHII TepMHHaJIb- HbIX oKCIIUa3 y C. Guillierniondli. OAIIaKO 3Tn OHbITbI AaIOT MaJIO MaTCpH- a.1Ia 71JI51 BbISICIieHHSI B03M0>KI1Off nepeCTpO)!IKII jbIxaTeJIb-IIbIX CIICTCM cBepxcHH- I'C'I'IIKa B YCJIOBIIHX Fe-HejoCTaT01IIIOCT1-f. B AaJIbHefirueM npH nOMOIuH MIIKpOCneKTpOliaCaJKH 1),efcca 6bIJI H3y'leIl xapaKTep IjHTpOXpoMHOil CIICTeMbI C. Guilliermondii. OKa3a.TIOCb, 'ITO CneKTpbl IjHTPOXpOMOB 3TI!X Apo}K}Keii Jja}KC Y MOJIO,jbIX KJIeiOK Bbipa}KCIIbi CJia6ee, i:CM y Sacch. ccrevisiae. MO}KILO pa3.IIntIIITb geTbipe HOJIOCbI nor J oiueIIHH: a -- 1; 3cIIC 605 mpp, b - 564 m?., c - 551 m? H d - 530 m?. HCc.ae; OBamie CneKTpOB KJICTOK pa3IIhIX B03paCTOB, BbIpOCU1Hx lIa Kl1"KHx CpeAaX c MaJIbIMH (0,01 Y/M.R) H 6o.fibummif (0,1-0,2 v/MJI) KollueHTpauuifl- MH }KCJIe3a, HOKa3aJ10 TaKHe }KO 3aKOII0MepHOCTH. CneKTpbl 'jByXCyT09IIOff Ky.IIbTypbl Apo ioi e>I, o6ecnegIeIIHOH AOCTaTOLIIIbIM KOJIHgeCTBONI }Kedle3a, xa- paKTepH3yK)TC5I HaJIIILIHeM c~,la6ofi HOJIOCbI a, OTHOCHTe.IIbIIO XOpOHIO Bblpa- )KeIIHbIMH no iocaMH b m c (HpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO OAHHaKOBOf TOJIH.jHIIbI If HHTeH- CHBHOCTH) If OLIexb cia6oLi noJlocofi d. IIpi cTapeHHH xyJIbTypbI HacTynaeT nOCTeneHHOC OcJIa6JIeHne CneKTpOB AO HO'ITIH IIOJIHOFO HC4e3HOBe1IHSI, If a I I Tpy,1i,1 III -Ta M11tp06eo.1o1 i lu, Bair7. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KJIeTKaX ceMHJIHeBHOrO B03paCTa MO)KHO o6Hapy)KHTb TOJIbKO 04eHb c.na6yio HOJIOCY B 30He 550-560 m [t. HaCTynaeT KaK 6bI nOCTeneHHoe HC4e3HOBeHHe UHTPOXPOM110H CHCTeMbi. OAHOBpeMeHHO B TaKOl3 KyJlbType HaKanJlnBaeTCH BemeCTBO, o6JlaaaioIuee KpaCH011 `i'JlyopeCUeHUHe11 B Yc-JIy4ax. OHo 6blJlo HaMH HAeHTH(JHuHpoBa- HO no CHCKTpaM norJlow,eHHA, XpOMaTOrpa4JH4eCKH H no TeMnepaType nJlaBJie- HHA KpHCTaJIJIOB erO McTHJIOBorG 3cJnpa KaK KOnpOnOp(lHpHH III (LUaBJIOB- CKHI1 H 13oraT4yK, 1958). I-ITO KacaeTCH KJ1eTOK C. Guilliermondii 113 cpeabI C 0,01 yFe/MJI, To cneKTpbl HX WHTOXPOMOB Bblpa)KeHbl HeCKOJIbKO c.na6ee, oco6eHHO 3aMeTHO ocJla6JICHHe nOJlOCbl b, KOTOpaH B TOM ciy iae 5BJ1IT TCH 6o.nee TOHKOA H Me- Hee 11HTeHC1iBHO 1, 4eM noJioca c. CneKTpOCKonH4eCKOe Ha61noaetHe Ha1I nUTH-, ceMHJIHeBHbIMH Ky.nbTypaMH Ha cpeue c 0,01 yFe/MJI 3aTpy1[HHJIOCb BCJIeACT- BHe nOCTe:IeHHOrO HaKOnJIeHHA B KJIeTKaX p030BO-KpaCHOrO nmrMeHTa. Konpo- HOp(pHpxH III npHCyTCTBOBaJI TOJIbKO B O'-IeHb He6'OJlbLHHX KoJIH4eCTBax. HecMOTpH Ha BCe 6oJiee TeMHbIFI (jOH B cneKTpax MO)KHO 6bIJIO OTMeTHTb HOJIOCbl b, c H d; npH 3TOM B0 BCeX c.lygaHx noJioca c OKa3aJlaCb OTHocmTeJlb- HO CHJlbHee Bblpa}KeHa, 4eM no.noca b. Ilo.loca b npxnaltJle}KHT, KaK H3BCCT- HO, LIHTOXPOMy b, KOTOPb1H BXOAHT B CHCTeMy CyKL[14HOKCHAa3bI (MHXJIHH, 1956; Green a. Beinert, 1955), H, TaKHM o6pa3oM, KJIeTKH C. Guilliermondii, aKTHBHO ocyn1eCTBJIHIO11I,He CBCpXCHHre3 pi64JiaBHHa, ao.i>KHbi XapaKTepH- 30BaTbCA oCJla6.leHHON CyKuHHOKCHAa3HOI1 aKTHBHOCTbIO. 9TO npeAHOJlo>Ke- HHe HaXOAHT KOC'BeHHOe n01[TBep3K,ae1-,,He B o6Hapy7KeHII14 HaMH (paKTa BbIje- JIeHHA B cpe,ly 3THMH j po)K)KaMH HHTapHO11 KHCJIOTbI, KOTOPaH n04TH OTCyT- CTBOBaJ1a B KyJlbTypaJlbHbIX }KHJIKOCTHX C rIOBbILIIeHHbIM COAep)KaHHeM ?Ke.ne- 3a. HaKOnJIeHHe B cpeAe HHTapHOil, a TaK)Ke JIHMOIIHOH H 516J1o4HON KHCJIOT 6buuLo yCTaHOBJIeHO HpH HOMOIUH McTOAa pacnpe. eJIHTeJIbHOu xpoMaTOrpa(pHH Ha 6ymare. I'I3y4eHHe LIHTOXPOMHOII CHCTeMbl C. Guilliermondii noKa3aJio, 4TO B yCJIO- BHAX Fe-HeAOCTaTO4HOCTH J[e11CTBHTeJ11bHO npOHCXOAHT yMeHbLHeHHe coAep)Ka- HHA HeKOTOPbIX N(e.ne3000Aep)KamHx (pepMeHTOB B KJIeTKax. (DaKT HaKOnJIeHIIA Konponop(JHpHHa apo)K>KaMH Aa)Ke npH HX HHTeHCHBHOM pocTe FOBOPHJI B TO 3Ke BpeMA 0 6oJIblIIOn JIa6HJIbHOCTH npoII,e000B CHHTe3a HpOCTeTH4eCKHX rpynn 3THX (pepMeHTOB y C. Guilliermondii. Z[JIH H3y'eHHA CTeneHH y1aCTHA pH6o4JJlaBHHa B AbIXaTeJIbHbIX CHCTeMaX C. Guilliermondii, ocyuLeCTBJI51omi4x ero CHHTe3 c pa3JIH4HOH HHTeHCHB- HOCTbIO, onpeJjeJIAJIOCb o6njee coaep KaHIIe 3TOrO BHTaMHHa, a TaK>Ke npo- 11eHTHOe COOTHOLIIeHHe ()JIaBHHOBbIX HyKJIeOTHJLOB B LLpoxcxcax, BbIpOCLHHX Ha cpe,aax c 0,2 VFe/MJI n 0.2 yFe/MJ1+50 yCo,/MJI. IIpH noMOIUH pacnpeaeJIHTeJIbHO11 xpOMaTOrpa(pHH Ha 6yMare 6blJIO ycTa- HOBJICHO, 4T0 XOpOIHO fPOMbITble 6y(pepoM ap0)K)Km cOAepxcaT pH6o(jji HH TOJIbKO B BHAe HVKJIeOTHJ(HbIX ()OpM (IJIaBHHOMOHOHyKJIe0THJ[a ((DMH) H 4)AaBHHa,aeHHII,I.1HHyKJIeOTHAa ((I)AU) ? B Ta6Ji. 5 npUBeJ(eHbI JI,aHHble KO.IIH4e- CTBeHHbIX aHaJI1A30B n5ITHCyT04HbIX KJICTOK. (PJIyOpOMeTpH4ecKHM 11 MHK)o- 6HOJIOrH4eCKHl3 McTOJjbl OnpeAeJIeHHA pH6o4pJIaBHHa, HCnOJIb3oBaH11ble B 3TOM Onb1Te, J>.ami XOpOLHO COBnaAalo11u1e pe3yJlbTaTbI. KaK BH,1HO H3 TjaH11b1X Ta6JI. 5, B yCJIOBHHX CTHMYJIHpOBaHHA 61mcUIITe3a pl16o(JJIaBHHa K06aJIbTOM HaCTynaeT aBYXKpaTHoe yBeJIHtIeHHe co4ep KalIHA ceo HyKJICOTH]11IbIX ()OPM (KO(pepMeHTOB) B KJIeTKaX, 4TO yKa3blBaeT lia yBC- .TH4CI-IHC pOJIH (pJlaBiin'OBbIX (pepMCHTOB B ablxaTeJIbHbIX CHCTeMaX C. Guil- liermondii npH HapymeHHOM o6Melie H{eJIC3a. I'I3MCHAeTCH TaK)KC H COOTHOLLwe- HHC OTJjCJIbHbIX (1)OpM pH6o4JJiaBHHa B J1po)K)KaX B CTOPOI-IY yBeJIH4CHHA pOJIH 1A~I, B O6MeHC. KaK y)Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCb, no MHeHHIO HeKOTOpbIX aBTOPOB (Hickey, 1945), Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BAunnue 1ce2e3a Ha pu6o1PnaeuH u Oblxarenbxbee cucrembe dpo ic,cea 163 Ta6j1Hila 5 Codep,NCaxue HyrcneomuBHblx e/lepm pu6ocf,naeuHa a icnemxax C. Guilliermondii npu pa3nueucu uxmenCUeHrcmu CuHme3a eumamuxa 0,2 y Fe/ ma - - - 0,2 y Fe+50 yCo/MJl CO,q(p)KaHHC HVKJI('OTH)gHbIX VOpmi p16O(~naBHHa 06Hy,m npOpyKTHB- HOCTb pH604i JIaHHHa KyJlbTypOll, 7/r KJICTOK 7Ba/r I )MH, % I % 9,59 18,83 80,7 69,6 13,3 30,4 395,7 7161,0 3aMeia Fe-coAepx(au1Hx AbixaTeJIbHbfX (pepMeHTOB Ha (JJ1aBHHOBbre MON(eT 6bITb npI4NHON B03HHKHOBejm5i CBepXCHHTe3a pN60CjlaBHHa y MHKpOOpraHH3- MOB- MON(HO AN npHHHTb 3TO npeAJ1o2KeHHe JJiSI C. Guilliermondii B CBeTe Ha- LHHx AaHHbIX? Ham Kax(eTCH, 4T0 TaKaA TO4Ka 3peHHn CJIHLHKOM ynpoLuaeT BOnpOC. I'13 uaHHbIX Ta6Jf. 5 c.Ie 1yeT, 4T0 H Ha cpeue 6e3 Ko6aJIbTa C. Guil- liermondii Bb1Aer-fleT B cpeay 3Ha4HTeJ-bHO 60Jiblue pH6o(p.naBHHa (004TH B 40 pa3), 4eM HCnOJIbsyeT ero B o6MeHe B (pOpMe KO(pepMeHTOB. B npHCYTCTBHH Ko6aJIbTa COAepN(aHHe CJJfBB11I-IOBbIX KO(pepMeHTOB yBeJIHgHBaeTCH TOJIbKO UABOe, B TO BpeM5 KaK o6ulaH HHTeHCHBHOCTb CHHTe3a BHTaMHHa B03pacTaeT B 18 pa3. CJIeAOBaTcJlbxo, B yCJIOBTNx, o6ecne4HBalOLLIHX BbICOKHe YPOBHH CBepXCHHTe3a, yXyJIIIaeTCH COoco6HO(Tb opraHH3Ma HCOOJIb3oBaTb pH6o(pJla- BHH B CBOeM 06MeHe. TaK, KJIeTKH Ha cpeae C Ko6aJIbTOM coaep}KaT pii6o- (pJIaBHffa B 380 pa3 McHbwe, 4eM ero CHHTe3HpyIOT B npOuecce }KH3He.2eSI- TeJIbHOCTH. LITO6bI nOHATb npH4HHbI CTHMyJ154LIHH CBepXCHHTe3a pn6o(p.1aBHHa C. Guilliermondii Heo6xogHMo, no HanleMy M1ieHHIO, B nepByiO o4epe,b H3y4HTb 3aKOHOMepHOCTH o6pa30BaH1151 ero MOJIeKyJI H3 npe,#UIBeCTBeHHHKOB. B HaCTOAHjee BpeMB yx(e YCTaHOBJIeHO, 4TO B CHHTe3e MOJIeKyJIbI BHTaMHHa B2 npHHHMaIOT y4aCTHe nypUHbl HJIH FIX npe)jLneCTBeHHHKH, aMHHOKHCJIOTbl H neHT03b1, al(THBHO HCOOJlb3yeMble gpo>K>KaMH H B JpyrHx npoueccax o6Me- Ha - B HyKJIeHHOBOM, 6eJIKOBOM H yrJIeBOJIHOM (Johnson, 1955). MWKHO npe,noJION(HTb44TO Ha cpeAax C HH3KHM CO)jep}KaHHeM }I(eJle3a H.1IH B npHCyT- CTBHH Ko6aJTbTa HeKOTOpbfe H3 npoueccoB yTHJIH3auuHH npeALHeCTBeHHHKOB B McTa60JIH3Me 6yJIyT 3aMeJ1JIATbCA BCJIeJICTBHe HOHH}KeHHOf3 aKTHBHOCTH onpe- JeneHHbIx Fe-3H3HMOB. B TaKHX CJIy'a5X 60JIbluHe KOJIH4eCTBa 3THX BemeCTB CMOryT 6bITb BOBJIe4eHb1 B peaKLjHH 6HOCHHTe3a pH6o(pJIaBHHa, 4TO H npHBeAeT K CTHMyJ12LIHH 3TOr0 npouecca. BBe.eHHe rOTOBbIX MOJIeKyJI HeKOTOpbIX aMH- HOKHCJIOT H nypHHOB B KyJlbTypy MHKPO6a-CBePXCHHTeTHKa )IeICTBHTeJlbHO npHBOAHJIO K ycuJIeHHIO CHHTe3a pH6OCpJIaBHHa (,LIHKaHCKa5, 1950, 1953; Giri a. Krishnaswamy, 1954). HecoMHeHHO, 4T0 TOJIbKO yrJly6JieHHoe H3y4eHHe OCO6eHHOCTef3 McTa6o- JIH3Ma C. Guilliermondii MOx(eT npOJIHTb CBeT Ha TOHKHN McXaHH3M CTHMV- JIHLIHH CHHTe3a p116o(JJlaBHHa, TaK x(e KaK H BbISICHHTb CywHOCTb caMoro npo- uecca CBePXCHHTe3a,- HaH6oJlee HHTepCCHOPO HBJIeHHSI B o6MeHe BemeCTB MHKpo6Hoi7 KJIeTKH. BbiB0Abi I. B HPHCYTCTBHII HOBbIIIIeHHbIX KO,lB4eCTB }Kejle3a B cpeAe (0,1 }'/M7 H 60JIbLue) TOPM03HTC51 CBepXCHHTe3 pH6o(JJIaBHHa KJICTKaMH C. Guilliermon- dii H He I1pOHCXOgHT pa3pyweHHA 3TOro BHTaMHHa B CpeJe. 2. }KeJle30 HC BJIHHCT Ha HHTeHCHBHOCTb CHHTC3a PH604JIaBHxa nOKOHLLIH- MHCH K.'leTKaMB C. Gullllermondll. 3. HpH noMOLIjH KoMnJlexcoo6pa3oBaTe.ne%f (o-(pef-IaHTpo.^NHa H Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 164 f. M. Illao.ao(ICKu6 IIHpHJ[HJIa), a TaK}Ke Ko6aJib'ra MO}KHO CTHMYJIHPOBaTb CBepXCHHTe3 pH6o- (f)JIaBHHa IIa cpeiaX C nOBbIlueHHbIM CoJjep KaHHeM >KeJIe3a. 4. KJIeTKII C. Guilliermon&l, BbIpOCIHHe Ha cpe'iaX C pa3JIH11HbIM cOJ(ep- 7KaIIIICM }KCJIe3a, Ma.rn OTJ1HtIaIOTC5i JJpyr OT Apyra HO HHTeIICHBHOCTH JIb1Xa- nun H XapaKTepy ,rjefCTBHH Ha Hero HeKOTOpbIX 4lepMCHTIIbIX HJI,OB (KCN, NaN3). 5. C. Guilliermondii XapaKTepn3V1OTC51 OTHOCHTeJIbnO c.na60 BbIpa KCIIIIbI- MH (no cpaBHeHHIO c Sacch. cerevisiae) CneKTpaMn norJlouieuHH 11HTOXPOMOB. I-Ia cpeAe c 0,01 yFe/M.n `yMeHbllIaeTCH HIITCIICi4BIIOCTb n0.I0,C1,1 1), a Ha cpertaX C 0,1-0,2 -yFe/MJI npH CTapeHHH KyJIbTyp IIaCTynaeT nOCTenelluoe HCtIe3HOBe- 1[nC BCeX HOJIOC nor.nonjeHHH H HaKOnJleHHe B KyJlbType KOnpOIlop(IJHpHHa III. 6. B yCJIOBHHX nOBbImeHHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH CHHTe3a p1160q).-iaBHIia JjpO)K- }KH C. Guilliermondii HMelOT 6ojiee BbICOKOC coL1epxcamte IIVKJIeOTHJ1HbiX (;)OpM BHTaMHHa B KJIeTKaX. JI14TFPATYPA JI. It K a H C K a u 3. M. CHHTe3 pH6o4)J1aBHHa (BHTaMHHa B2) MHKpoopraHH3MaMH. MnKpo- 6HoaorHH, 1950, 19 (3), 260. Jj H K a H C K a H 3. M. HccnesosaHHe no (JH3110n0riH lmTaHnc rpu6a Eremothecium Ashbyii. M11Kpo611oAorH5i, 1953, 22 (3), 256. M H x it H H )I,. M. 1>HOnorH9ecKOe OKIMCJIOHHe. 1435-80 AH CCCP, 1956. III a B A 0 B C K H 6 F. M. H 14 H C T 51 K 0 B a B. C. 0 BJ1IIHHH11 >Ke.le Ta Ha 61iOC1fliTe3 AH CCCP, p 9 6, (pnaBHHa (BHTaMHHa B2) apow)KaMn Candida Guillierniondii. i++OKn 111 (4), 887. III a B JI 0 B C K H il 1. M. it 13 0 I' a Tay K A. M. CHHTe3 KOHporOp(I)HpHHa RpO>K)KaMH Can- dida Guilliermondii. JLOKJ1. AH CCCP, 1958, 123, 1077. 114 a 13 n 0 B C K H H F. M. CTHMyJIHpOI3aHHC CHHTe3a pn5o JaaBnHa apo>K>KaMH Candida Guil- liermondii B npHCyTCTBHH >Kene3a B cpe5e. MHKp06HOJIOrHH, 1958, T. 27, B. 6. B u r k h o l d e r P. Synthesis of riboflavin by a yeast. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1943a, 29/6, 166. Burkholder P. Influence of some environmental factors upon the production of ribo- flavin by yeast. Arch. Biochem., 19436, 3 (1), 12Land metabolism of yeast. E I v e h j e in C. The role of iron and copper in the growth J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 90, (1), III. F it a r i T. Effect of cobalt and iron of riboflavin production by Candida Guilliermondii. Acta Chem. Scand., 1955, 9 (10), 1726. G i r i K. a K r i s h it a s w a in y P. Studies on the synthesis of riboflavin by a mutant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol., 1954, 67, (3), 309. G r e e n E. a. B e i n e r t 11. Biological oxidations. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1955, 4, 1. H e a I y W., C It e n g Sze - C It u it a, Mc. E I r o y W. Metal toxicity and iron, deficiency effects on enzymes in Neurospora. Arch. Biochem., Biophys., 1955, 54 (1), 206. H e w i t t E. Relation of manganese and some other metals to the status of plants. Na- ture, 1948, 161 (4091), 489. I [ i c k e y R. The inactivation of iron by a-a'-dipyridile and its effect on riboflavin synthe- sis by Clostridium acetobulylicum. Arch. Biochem., 1945, 8 (3), 439. I in a i K. On the formation of riboflavin by acetonebutanol fermentation bacteria. 'elem. Coll. Agricult. Kyoto Univer., 1955, No 73. J o It n s o it B. Water-soluble vitamins, Part III., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1955, 4, 419. Levine H., Oyaas J., Wasserman L., Hoogerheide J. a. Stern R. Ribo- flavin production by Candida yeast., Ind. Eng. Cheri., 1949, 41 (8), 1665. L e v i t o n A. Microbilogical synthesis of riboflavin, a theory concerning its inhibition., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, (5), 835. S C li o p f e r W. Les facteurs de Croissance poor quelques especes de Candida et do Torulopsis (biotine, ancurine, mesoinositol). La biosynthese de In lactoflavine., C. R. Sea. Soc. Phys. Hist. Natur, 1944, 61 (2), 147. T a it n e r F., V o j it o v i c h C. H. a. V a it L a n e n J. Riboflavin production by Candida species. Science, 1945, 101 (2616), 180. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1.. F~..70311H0(i ii R. A. Epm U el 0 NK0 d' H3HOJIOrHgECKHE H3MEHEHHA SACCHARO,/1YCES CEREVISIAE fPH AJ AHTAL(HH K NaF (HHCTHTYT MHKpO6HOaOrHH AH CCCP) B HaCToHIHCC BpOMB XOpOUIO I,JBCCTHbI (paKTbl, nOKa3blBaIoWHe, 9To npH t303;jC1 CTBHH Ha MHKpOopraHH3MbJ McTa6oJIHTaMH HJIH ()epMeHTHbIMH si)jaMll, H36HpaT0JIbHO HOJjaBJIHIOLgHMH onpeJjeuleHHble 3BeHbn o6MeHa BelijeCTB, MOryl' 6blTb fOJlyl4eHbI (pOpMbl C 06MeIIOM -ienjeCTB, H3MeHeHHbIM B CTPOr4M 000T- BeTCTBHII C XapaKTepoM AelCTBAH HpHMeHAeMoro aHTFIMeTa60.IHTa IIJIH fl,wa. I.43Be0THO, HalpFmep, 14TO Hpil ajjafTaUHH CTagJFIJIOKOKKOB K CyJlb(JaMuu. ;-lam 6bIJIH nOJIygeFIbI yCTORTIHBhIC K HOCJIeJ HHM IIITaMMbI, 06JIaJjaI0IIjHe CHO_ C06HOCTbIO CHIITC3HpOBaTh B 70 pa3 60JIb1H0 p-aMHIIo6e!,30Ii10Ii KHC.IIOTb', Ilp[I~[CM 9TIl CBOIICTBa COXpaHSI:IHCb B IIOTOMCTBC (Vivino a. Spink, 1942; Lar dv n A p., 1913). \opOIHO II3BCCTIILI TBN KC JfPO)K Klf. I70 JjaHHbIM CTHp H Ka- CTOp (Stier a. Castor, 1941), yxxe npll O LHOKpaTIIOM BbipaluHBaHHH S. cere- aaiSIUC B HplicyrClB;IJ KCN (0,001 M) o6pa3ylorco (1)opMM, uhiweHllb!e il;IITO- yp(),NIOKCII;(a3bi, C HCI!1INWHI10ii !111T0IICH13li()'TbiO JtblXalhHA 11 TI0BbIIHCIIiIC%H flp(i-, Ul: iblrn31 aKTlll;iioCTaio l F, 1C'HCIIIIA 9TlI CIOIiKH;c. Coiepiilclllio alia.101'lrlliul , polo ,l'a'' bi ;io:;VII a,i C.IOHIi.IIC;iiHl (Si ;nlnlsl;l, X953) Ilpli K>>.IbThIBl,pOBafiii II S. core ~~ISia L' JIPHCVTCTB![H ps3,1a 8K1);i; jll H(?i3. TOKHC )Ke I13\ICII0111,1 I, T. C. 110TCpft ItIITOxj 0NT0KCHJja3hl, 6hIJ11I Ho.'Iy'lellbl !if)('- CTbIM Bb[paIljHBaHHCD, JtpON Key B O1'CyTCTBIhC Mo.7CKy.lHplloro KHC'.'iopo; ;1, OJjHaKO B 9TOM Cd7ytlae CHhITC3 IjllTOXpoMOKCIlra3bI JlerKO BOCCTaUaBJIIIBa,'ICSI, Torra KaK npH aCHCTBHH aKpu, nr1oB H3MCHeHHH 6bIJIH CTOHKHMH. IHTCpCCHbI jjaHHble BrirrepTa H BepKMaHa (Wiggert a. AVerkman, 1939), KoTOpbie yCTaHOBHJIH, 'ITO HOCJIe OJjHOKpaTHOro BbIpaujHBaHHH B HpHCyTCTBb'iI 0,02 M NaF, KJICTKH Propionibacterium pentosaceum yTpagHBaK)T cnoco6- 110'CTb c6pa)KHBaTb CJOCC)OPHJIHPOBaH3bie COCJ HHeHHH, B LIaCTHocTH *ocq)OrJlH- IjepHHOByIO KHCJIOTy, HOJTHOCTbIO COXpaHSISI CHO006HOCTb c6pax(HBaTb IJIIOKO3V. ABTOpbI npHHIJIH K BblBOAy, 'ITO B pe3yJlbTaTe BO3jjeiCTBHSi NaF HpOHCxou,T;o pa3BHTHe HHOrO, He BKJII09ahou ero (IJOCC])OpHble 9C1HpbI MexaH113Ma JjHCCHMII- :IflIjHH FJ1OKO3bI. (I)aKTFIgeCKHe JjaHHble BHrrepTa H BepKMaHa y}Ke B nocuiejj- Hce BpeMH 6bIJIH HOJIHOCTbIO fOJjTBep}KJjeHbI q)OJIbKOM (Volk, 1954), KOTopbIH, ouHaKo, CBA3blBaeT Ha6JliojjaeMble SIBJIeHJ , B nepByiO otlepejjb, C H3MeHeHHe\I HpOHHuaeMOCTH KJIeTOK. Bee 9TH CpaKTbI (a FIX gIHCJIO MO}KeT 6bITb 3HagInTeuhIIo YMHo>KeHO) npe,j- CTaBJIHIOTCFJ HpHHUHHHaJIbHO Ba)KIIbIMH B TeopeTHgeCKOM OTHOIHCHHH H HMCIOT ('yn eCTBeHIIOe BIIageHHe JjJIA npo6JIeMbI HarpaBJIeHHoro HOJIyteHHA npaKTHTTe- CKH IjeHHbIX C1OPM. 9TO H HOCJIy?KHJIO OCHOBaHHeM jiIH HpOBejjeHHA HaCTOHIIjeil 11a6OTbI. CJIeJiyeT o0OBOpHTbCH, 'ITO pa6oTa I-IOCH.na HOHCKOBbIIi XapaKTep H Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 166 A. B. Jlo3unoB u B. A. EpMauertrco He npeJICTaBJISIJIa c060H 3aseplueHHoro HCCJIel(OBaHHN. MHOrHe BOnpOCbl, 'B03- HIIKaIoau'e B CB93H C nOnytleHHbIMH AaHHbIMH, OCTaJIHCb Hepeu-IeHHbIMu. Pa60Ta HMCJIa ueJIbIO BbIRBHTb BO3MO}KHOCTb H3MeHeHHR apow>KeHnyTeM KyJ1bTHBHpOBaHH5I HX B npHCyTCTBHH THHHLIHOI'O (IepMeHTHOrO RAa -- (jJTOpH- CTOrO HaTpHR. NaF He 9BJI5ieTC5H CTPOFO cneuf JH4HbIM nHrH6nTOpOM. CB513b1Ba5i HOHbl Mg++, NaF RCHCTBVCT Ha PRJi (IJCPMCHTHbIX CHCTeM, Tpe6ylomHX JInR cBoeH aKTHBHOCTH 3TOT HOII. XOpOBIO 143y40HO HHrn6HpyloLuee gefCTBHe NaF Ha 3H0- na3y (Lohman a. MeyerhoN1F93 oJIaBJIReT Meyerhof a. g, 1 gart; WDubf aitg, a. Christian, 1942 H up.) 1939; MaJIKOB H boraaxo~Ba, 1956 H Ap?), a B BbICOKHX KOHUeHTPauHRX TaK- x{e m rexcoKHHa3y (Melchior a. Melchior, 1956). ECTb AaHHbie o6 yrHeTalomeM AecCTBHH (pTOplJIa Ha abIXaTeJIbHble CH- CTeMbI (Runnstrom u. Sperber, 1938, 1939, 1941), IB RacTHOCTH Ha nepoKCH- Aa3y (Knox, 1954). IIpHMbIM HJIH KOCBeHHbIM HyTeM NaF B.nHSIeT H Ha HeKO- TOpble apyrHe CTOpOHbI oOMeHa Ben eCTB. OAHaKo, cyAR no nHTepanypHl'IM AaHHbIM, Han6onee RPKO H CFInbHO npoIBJlIeTCSI ero ReIICTBHe KaK HHrH6HTO- pa 3110na3bl, T. e. KaK RAa, noaaBJ1 HOuiero rJIHKOJIH3. DTO aaBaJlo OCHOBaIIHe o>KH,gaTb, 'ITO nyTeM KynbTHBHPOBaHHR Apox(x(eH B HpHCyTCTBFIH (1)TOpliAa Mo>KeT 6b!Tb BbI3BaHO H3MeHel-Ine iix 6poltllJlbn&H 3HeprnH H HHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaunI. KpoMe TOrO, yxce HeOJ[HOKpaTHO npOBOAHBHlHecR pa60TbI no aJ(an- TauHH JLpO>K>KCI4 K ?JTOPHAy H oco6eHHO o6ulupHble FICCneAOBaHHR D(p(1JpO- Ha (Effront, 1893, 1920 H ap.) r103BOJIgJIH HaaeuTbCSI Ha nOJlo}KHTe,IbHble pe3ynbTaTbl, TaK KaK Aaxce npn KpaTKOBpeMeHHol aaanTauHF B yKa3aHHbIX pa60Tax 6bIJiH nony'IeHbl 3HatlnTeJIbHble 113MeHeHmi B 6po,HJIbHOI3 aKTHBHO- CTH. MATEPHAJI H METOILHKA ,anH OnbITOB 6bIJIH B35ITbI )ZpOx{xCH S. cerevisiae (XII paca). KynbTHBH- posaHne RpmKweA rlpH Hx auanTaunn K NaF H npn nOCTaHOBKe ApyrnX Onbl- TOB npOBOJIHJIOCb, KBK npaBHJIO, Ha cpeAe Pniiep o6bILIHOro COCTaBa, HO 6e3 Conti Ca, nOCKOJIbKy Ca CBH3bIBaeT HOHbI F B TpyAHopaCTBOpFMoe coeAHHC- HHe. OAHaKO HOH Mg++, TBK)K aaiouiHH TpyAHopaCTBOpnMbIH (~TOpuJi, 6bIJl COXpaHeH B cpeAe. HOJiC4eT nOKa3an, 'ITO npH npHMeHHBWHXC 1 KOHueHTpa- [iHRx NaF (0,50-0,10 M) Jiuum He6onbwaR ilaCTb F' CB513bIBaeTCH MarHHeM. Xo,a 6poxceHnR H3yuancI O6bIYHbIM cnoCO6oM B Kon6ax 3pJIeHMeiiepa c InapHKOBbIMH 3aTBopaMH. O6-beM Kon6 paBHRnCR 150 MJI, B KoJ16y HaJIHBa- JIOCb 75 Mn CpeAbI PHAep C Apo>K)KeBbIM aBTOn113aTOM H 5% rJllOK03bI. B 3TOT o6'beM CpeAbl BHOC'HJIOCb OKOJIO 2,5 MAIL. KJIeTOK H3yliaeMOH KyJIbTypbI. Heno- cpeACTBeHHo nepeA OnbITOM BCe KynbTypbl, B TOM tLHCJIe H KyJIbTypbl co cpe- JIbI C (4TOpHAOM, BbIpauLHBaJInCb 'B TezleHHe ABVX CyTOK Ha cpeAe PHAep 6e3 NaF, a yxce C 3TOH CpeAbl BHOCHJIICb B 6pOAHnbHble KOnbbI. 3KCfEPHMEHTAJIbHbIE AAHHbIE IlpexxAe BCerO, cneAyeT oTMeTHTb Boo6uie 60nbulylo yCTOHtlHBOCTb Apox(- x(eH K (jTOpHAy? Be3 BCRKOH npeJBapIITeJIbIIOH aJiaHTaUHH apOxK>KH MOryT pa3BllBaTbCR H HeorpaHHUeHHo JJ.OnrOO BpeMH nepeceBaTbCR Ha cpeAe, co,ep- ){aLueH Jio 0,1 M NaF. Ani 3TOFO He06XOJIHMO JIHHIb BHOCHTb aOCTaToquo 6onbluoe KOnH4eCTBO nOCeBHOFO MaTepHana. Ho npouece 6po)KeHH51 B npll- CVTCTBHFI NaF B TOH HJIH HHOH CTCneHH TopM03FITCR, a OTMHpaIHe KJICTOK pe3KO yBeJIH'IHBaeTCH. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 'PU3UOA02uuecrcue u3MexeHUR Saccharomyces cerevisiae 167 Ha pnc. I npHBe,r eHbI KpHBble 6pO}KeHHH B HeaAauTHpOBaHHOIi (K (pTOpH- :]y) KYJIbType ApO>KxKeli B OTCYTCTBne CjTOpHJja (KpHBasr 1) H B HpHCyTCTBHH 0,05 M NaF (KpIBasI 2) (o , pyrex KPHBbIx CM. HH)Ke). Ha ocH a6cuHCc 3IIecb H Ha jipyrHX anaJIorHgHbIX KpHBbIX HaHeceHO 9HCJIO CyTOK OnblTa, IIa OCH OpjjHHaT - BbIJjeJIeHHe CO2 B npoueHTax OT MaKCHMaJIbHoro ee BbIJIeJie- HHSI HCXOAHOIi KyJIbTypoI B CpeJje 6e3 NaF. HHbIMn CJIOBaMH, MaKCnMaJIbHbIli IIOA-beM KpHBOIi I COOTBeTCTByeT 100% BbiljeJleHHH C02- 700 JUI 7~d3 6 401 I1 420 a 1 2 3 It 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22' 23 24 BpeMA 6pomeHUA , cymau PHe. 1. XoA 6poxceHHa B HcxoAHOH H RJIHTCJI~Ho aAarITHposaBHmerrIca K cf)TOpHAy KyJibTypaX Apoacxce6: 1 - B HCXO3HOO KYJIbType B OTCyTCTBHe NaF: 2-B TOi; we KynbType B npHc -r- CTBHH 0,05 M NaF; 3 - B a3aRTHpOBaHHOO KYJIbType B oTCyTCTBHe NaF; 4 - B HpH- CyTCTBHH 0,05 M NaF B TOO )KO KyJlbType, B32TOiY Henocpe,rcr,eHHo nocne aA3n- TaUHH; 5 - B HpHCyTCTBHH 0,05 M NaF B TOR we KynbType, HO nocne ee 3ByXMe- CBgHOro naccnpoeaHHH Ha cpeae 6e3 j3TOpH3a; 6 - TO B;e nocne 4eTbrpeXMecagHOro naCCHpoBaHHB iia cpeae 6e3 43TOpHAa KaK BH1jHC H3 pHC. 1, KpHBaSi 6p0)KeHHSI B HpHCyTCTBHH CI)TOpHJ[a pe3KO CHH}KeHa no cpaBiieHH10 C KOHTpO.TbHOIi KpHBOI'1, nplggeM OHa nOKa3bIBaeT, TITO noc re HepBOHagaJIbHOro HapacTaHiSI 6po)KeHHH H noCJIe,ryJor1 ero ero npe- KpaHIeHHH, HpHMepHo Ha 9-1141 r eHb CHOBa Ha'HHaeTCH BbIJjeJIeHHe CO2i fPOJIoJI3KaJ u eeCS1 HO'ITH aO HOJIHOFO HC~Ie3HOBeHHH caxapa B cpe,je. 3TOT BTOpH'HbII1 nOJj'beM KpHBoii, HO-BHJ[HMOMy, 06yCJJOBJIeH 6bICTpO npOTeKaIoujHM npoueccoM a)janTauI4H Jjpo}K]KeIi K Rey. Bo BCSIKOM CJiy'-Iae y>Ke nOCJIe ojjHO- KpaTHOrO KYJrbTHBHp0-BaHHH jjpo)Kace9 B IIPHCyTCTBHH q)Topa,ija OTLIeTJIHBO FOBbIIHaeTCH HX YCTOii'IHBOCTb K riocaejwHeMy. Ha pHc. 2 CHOBa npHBe,jeHb1 KpHBble 6p0)KeHHSI Hea,rjanTLipOBaHHOIi Kyr7b- Typbr B HpHCyTCTBHH H B OTCyTCTBIIe 0,05 M NaF (xpaBafr 1 H 2). KyJIbTypa JjJISH 3TOr0 OnblTa 6bIJIa B3SITa H3 KOIITpOJIbHbIX 6pOJ[H.TbHbIX KOJ16 npeljbIjjy- Luero OHbITa (iCpnnaH 1 Ha pHC. 1). KaK BHAHO H3 rpac)HKa, 6p0}KeHHe, BbI3- BaHHOe 3THMH Hea,1 arTrfpOBaHHbIMH KyJlbTypaMH, HpOTeKaJlo coaepmeHHO Talc )Ke, KaK H B npeAblJjyuieM OrIbITe. O1jHOBpeMeHHO npoaepslJlocb 6po:KeHHe B KyJlbType, BbIpaLueHHOIi B npejjbIayll eM OnbITe B cpe,re c 0,05 M NaF (KpiBasl 2 Ha p1ic. 1), HpHll'M BbICeBbI JIJIH [OBTOpHOFO 6po.,KeHHa jje- JIaJIHCb H3 Tpex napaJIJleJibxbrx KOJI6 Hpe-JbT-Iynjer0 OnblTa. Pe3yJIbTaTbI npo- BepKH 6po}KeHnsi 9THX Tpex KVJIbTVp npe,IjCTaBJIeHbI I-3a TOM Hie pHCk'HKe KpH- RhIMH 3, 4 H 5 (pi-ic. 2, A). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 168 A. B. IIo3uuoG it B. A. EpMauenko OTLIeTJIHBO BHJIHO, LITO BO BCCX KyJlbTypax 6pox{enHe HpOTeKaJIo 3HaLili- TeJIbHO IIHTeHCHBHee, IICM B KOHTpOJIbHOH KyJlbTyPC (KpHBa1 2), B npHCyT- CTBHII Tex x{e K0JIHt1ecTB OTOpu;Ia. jia,iee OKa3aJIOCb, TITO 3TOT HOBbIUICII- HbIII ypOBCHb 6po>KeHFI51 aJ[anTHpOBaBHIHXC5I KyJTbTyP COXpaHAeTC51 H HOC.'te npOAOJIN{HTCJIbHbIX HepeCeBOB MX iia nomioueHHOIi cpeAe 6e3 NaF. 1-Ia pnc. 2, B npiIBezeiibi KpMBble 6p0>KeHHSI U,TI51 a;IanTHpOBaHHbIX H Hea,1aIITHPO- BaIIIIbIX KyJlbTyp noc.' c 6o,iiee IIeM McC511IHOF0 naCCHpOBaHHSI Ha cyc ie B ol- CyTCTBHe NaF (13 nacca>I:eIi). 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KonueHTpaUH51 4 TOpil- Aa aOBOJIbHO 6bICTpo 6bIJIa nox1HSITa Ao 0,05M, a 3aTCM HOCTenCHHO, B TC- 4eHHe HeCKOJIbKHX Mec5iueB, j(OBeaeHa Ao O,IM. UaJlbHeHmee KyJIbTHBHpO- BaHHe BCJIOCb y>Ke npH 3TO13 MaKCHMaJIbHoH KOHIZeHTpauHH. B Tex we yCJIo- BH51X, HO B cpejle 6e3 NaF BejiaCb KOHTpOJIbHa51 KyJIbTypa. Pe3yJIbTaTbl npO- BepKH XOjja 6po}KeHHx y 3THX A.TIHTeJIbHO a,[aHTHpOBaBIIIHXC51 KyJIbTyp npuBe JICHbI Ha pHC. 1. KpHBbie I H 2 HOKa3bIBa1OT XOJj 6po>KeHHSI B HeaAanTHpOBaIIHOH KyJlbType ,gpO>K>KCH B npncyTCTBHII H B OTCyTCTBHe NaF (0,05 M) ; KpIIBaH 3 - xo 6po- >KeHHB B aAarTHpOBa1IHOH KyJlbType Ha cpeAe 6e3 (jTOpHAa H HaKOIIeU, KPII- Bble 4, 5 H 6 IIOKa3bIBaIOT 6po KeHHe B n'pHCyTCTBHH 0,05 M (~TOPHAa B ajlan- THpOBaHHbIX KyJlbTypaX, HpHileM KPHBa5I 4 - B KyJlbType, B3HTOI3 HenO- cpeACTBeHIIO co CpC Lbi c NaF, KPHBaHI 5-B xy.nbType, naccHpOBaBiueiCH Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 cU3uollo2utecKue U3MexeHUx Saccharomyces cerevisiae 169 B TegeHHe J BYX MCCSIueB Ha cpejje 6e3 NaF, KpHBa5T 6 - B KyJlbType, nep(`- CCBaBiueNCH Ha cpejje 6e3 CpTOpHjja CBbIHIe 4eTblpex McCHueB. 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IIpH ConoCTaBJIeHHH HHTeHCIIBHOCTH gbIXaHH9 HCXOAHOH KyJIbTypbl, naccH- poBaBIDeHCSI Ha cycuie (Ta6JI. 2, on. 1--3) H Ha cpeAe PHAep (Ta6Ji. 2, on. 4-7), RAHTeJlbHoe KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHC JJ,pouOK61 Ha cpeAe PHAep 6e3 q)TOpHAa AAanTHpOBaH- Hble ApoHCNCH Qo2 % yeenHge- HHH Qo2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Qu3uojoeukecxue u3 HereexuE Saccharomyces cerevisiae 171 Camo no ce6e He OKa3bIBaJIo CyIIjeCTBeHHOro BJIH,9HHSI Ha AbIXaHHe H, CJIeAo- BaTeJIbHO, He MOrJIo BbI3BaTb yKa3aHHble Bblule CABHFH nocJIeAHero. B paBHOfI Mepe BO BTOPOFI CepHH OnbITOB (Ta6ji. 3) COnOCTaBJIeHne gblXaHHq HCXOAHOfi KyJlbrypbl, BCe BpeMH KyJ1bTHBHpo3aBlueFicq fia cpejie Pn.tep (Ta6J1. 3, on. 6-8), c AbIXaHHCM TO )Ke KyJIbTypbI, HO no)jBepraBlueicH nom e KyJIbTH- BHpOBaHHO naCCHpoBaHIHO Ha CyCJIe (T'a6JI. 3, on. 1-5), n0Ka3blBaeT, TO WO HOCJleayloujee naCCHpOBaHHe Ha cycJfe He BbI3bIBajIo cyHjeCTBeHHb1X H3MeHe- HH9 HHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaHHSi. flocjie O,T HOKpaTHOJO BbIpaM1H3aHH5I . po}K?KeI Ha epe.je C cpTOpHAOM n0- BbluleHH5I HHTeHCHBHOCTH AbIXaHHSi He Ha6JH0AaJI0Cb. B bi BOA bf 1. B pe3y.nbTaTe Aaxce o1 HOKpaTHOro KYJ1bTHBHpOBaHH51 Apoxcxceff B npH- CYTCTBHH NaF MOFYT 6bITb rIOJiy4eHbl cbOpMb1 C riOBbIH1eHHOfi pe3HCTeHTH0CTbIO K 3TOMy sijjy, npH4eM H3MeHeHH54 3TIf, n0 KpaftHef Mepe B npogecce BereTa- THBHOFO pa3MH03KeHH5I KJIeTOK, RJIHTeJIbHO COXpaH5110TC5I npff KyJIbTHBHpO- BaHHH Apoxcacefl B cpeje 6e3 cJTOpHjja. 2. B pe3yJlbTaTe ajjanTauHH K CJTOpHAy MOryT 6bITb rIOJIy4eHbl lJOpMbl C nOBb1H1eHH0fI HHTeHCHBHOCTbIO ,jb1XaHHSI, npH4eM 9TH n3MeHeHH9 TaK}Ke AJIHTeJIbHO coxpaHMOTC5I npH KYJIbTHBHPOBaHHH Apo)K)Kei Ha cpejje 6e3 CPTo- pHAa. JI14TEPATYPA M a JI K o B A. M. H B o r u a'H 0 B a JI. A. BJIHaane ()TOpHCTOro HaTpna Ha o6pa3oaaHHe nHpocf OC(popHb1X coe iuaeHHN j po)K2KaMH B npouecce 6poxceHHH. M14Kpo611OJ1o'HH, 1956, T. 25, Bbin. 4, CTp. 406. E f f r o n t J. Chemie physiologique. Sur certaines conditione chimiques de 1'action des levures de biere. Comptes Rendus Soc. Biol., 1893, v. 117, p. 559. E f f r o n t J. Sur le mecanisme de I'acclimatation des nlicroorganismes aux substances to- xiques. Comptes Rendus Soc. Biol., 1920, v. 83, p. 807-808. Knox W. The action of peroxidases with enzymically generated peroxide in the presence of catalase. Bioch. et Biophys. acta, 1954, v. 14, p. 117. L a n dy M., L a r k u m N., 0 s w a I d E. The increased synthesis of p-aminobenzoic acid associated with the development of sulfonamide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Science, 1943. v. 97, p. 265. L o h m a n n K. Al e y e r It o f 0. Uber die enzymatische Umwandlung von Phosphogly- cerinsaure in Brenztraubensaure and Phosphorsaure. Biochem Z., 1934, v. 273, p. 60. M a s s a r t L., D u f a i t R. Fluoridhemmuny and Metallaktivierung der Hefephosphatase. Naturwissenschaften, 1939, v. 27, H. 48, s. 806-807. Melchior N. a. Melchior J. Inhibition of yeast Hexokinase by Fluoride Jon. Science, 1956, v. 124, N 32118, p. 402. Meyer h o f 0. a. K i e s s I i n g, Die Umosterung der Phosphobrenztraubensaure bei der alkoholischen Luckergarung, Biochem. Z., 1935, v. 281, p. 249-270. Runnstrom J., Runnstrom A. and Sperber E. Einfluss der Atmung auf die Permeabilitat der Hefezelle fiir Fluorid. Naturwissenschaften, 1937, v. 25, p. 474. Runnstrom J. u. Sperber E. Zur Kenmnis der Beziehungen zwischen Permeabili- tat and Stoffwechsel der Hefezelle, Biochem. Z., 1938, 298, p. 340-367. Runnstrom J., Gurney R. a. Sperber E. On protection against the inhibitory action of fluoride. Enzymologia, 1941, v. 10, p. 1. S I o n i m s k i P. A specific Relation between Enzymic adaptation and Cytoplasmic Muta- tion. Adaptation in micro-organisms. London, 1953, p. 76. S t i e r T. a. C a s t o r J. On the formation and use of permanently altered strains of yeast for studies of in vivo metabolic organization. J. gen. Physiol. 1941, 25, 229. V i v i n o J. a. S p i n k W Sulfonamide resistant strains of Staphylococci: clinical signifi- cance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 1942, v. 50, p. 336. War b u r g 0. u. C It r i s t i a n W. Isolierung and Kristallisation deis Garungsferments Enolase. Biochem. Z., 1942, 310. B. 4-5, 11. 6, S. 384. W i g g e r t W. a. W e r k m a n C. Fluoride sensitivity of Propionibacterium pentosaceum, us a function of growth condition. Biochem. J., 1939, v. 33, p. 1061. V o l k W. The effect of fluoride on the permeability and phosphatase activity of Propioni- bacterium pentosaceum. J. Biol. Chem., 1954, v. 208, N 2, p. 777. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 M. 51. Kan 0YCHbt6 COP5LkHSI ji,PO)K)KEH BOJIOKHAMH ILEJIJ1IOJI03b1 H EE 3HA'EHHE i1PH CBPA)KHBAHHH CYJIb(PHTHbiX IjEJiOKOB (Bceco(o3HbIf1 Hay9H0-HCCne,1IOBaTeJ1bCKH11 HHCTHTyT THA,poJIH3HOlt H cynh((JHTHO-cfHTJTOBOII HpoMbIH'neHHOCTH) B3aT1MOAekicTBHe Apoxcxcei3 C TBCpAc>1 (Ja30II CpC,'1b1 npH C6paxKHBalnnl CyJIb(j)HTHbIX HjeJIOKOB HMeCT cyIueCTBCHHoe 3Ha 1 F1FI jag HX }KH3HCACATC.1b- 11OCTH. TaKOf1 TBepAO13 (j)a30I1 B n1eJIOKC 1BJIIIIOTCI1 BOJ1OKHa I1CJL.1IOJ1O3b1. Kali H3BCCTHO, IICJIJIIOJIO3a o6JIaAaeT 6oJIbHIOI'I aACOp6uHOH11011 CnO006IIOCTbIO H B 3ila1HITC.1blibIX KOJIIIgCCTBax MO]KeT norjloAaTb COJIH TH}KeJIbIX MCTaJIJIOB. 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B OT6poAHBLHeIi xce 6pa}KKe BOJIOKoa 1436HpaTeaIb1I0 yB.'TCKa1OT B oCa.OoK Cop61IpoBaIInble ApO}K}KH, OCTaBJIAST Hp13 3TOM BO B3BCCH IICCOp6Hpy- IO11111CCI1 (jOpMbI, yHOCHMbIC C 6pa}KKOHi. TeM CaMbIM 11eJIJITOJI0311ble BOJiOKIIa 06yC.TIOBJIIIBaIOT COOCKLUH1O 11 HaKOnJIeHHO 13 npO1I3BOACTBC TOJIbKO Tat ITX 4)OpM Apo eM, KOTOpb1e COp(IIIpVIOTCII TBe1),'IOiI (j)a30ff CpeJlbi. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Cop6t un Opo.rc,iceu r4e1uuoJo3oa u ee 3xakeHue npu c6paxcueanuu 173 BBHJIy Toro, T-ITO HaJIHT-lHe B ILIeJIOKe UeJIJIK)JIO3HbIX BOJIOKOH Ha p5IAe 3a- BOAOB OnpeAe.ISIeT npeo6JIaaaHHe B liaHax cop6HpytoiuHxcH (kOpM apO?K- ; ei1, MbI HOCTaBH.IIH nepe, co60ii 3aaaqy - LI3y'IHTb rIPIIPOAy H CBOIHCTBa THX Apoxcxcef H BbIACHHTb BJIH5IHIIC COp6uIH Ha pa3MH0}KeHHe Ap0}KAKefi I Ira npouecc 6po}KeHHH. METOAHKA BblaeJleHHbte KyJIbTyPbI HpOBepSIJIHCb Ha cop6uuio ny'TCM norpyxceHHr OTAeJIbHbIX IjeJIJIIOJI03IIbIX BOJIOKOH B KanJIIO CyCneHAHpOBannbIX ap0}K}Kefl 'I IlpocMaTprBaJIHCb HoA MHKpOCKOHOM. Hr-ITCHCHBHOCTb pa3MH0}KeHH5I ApO}K- iKeci Ha CyJIbq)HT'HONI IueJIOKe y4HTbIPa.,'iacb no no, c'-ieTy KJIeTOK B CgeTHOti aMepe H no onpejjeJieHHSiM a3OTa B HaBeCKax Ap0}K3KeiI. Z[JiSI H3ygeHHn KOIICTHTyTHBHbIX H aAarITHBHbIX (pepMCHTOB Apo>x>KeR H YCKOpeHHH HX Ha- KOnJleI-IIIH WIN 3aCeBa.IIICb Ha CIIHTeTHileCKyIO epeJ y C FJIIOKO3OII. CHCTeMa- rH4IeCKoe IIOJIO}KeHHe HOBbIX KYJlbTyp apo)K>Kefi yCTaHaBJIHBaJIocb no onpeue- .IHTeJH0 KyupiBUeBa (1954). Caxap B cpeae yCTaHaBJIHBa.,'ICH no 36yJIHOCTa- THHIeCKOMy McTOAy, CHHPT B 6pa}KKe -- no ClJIOTauiOHHOMy McTOjjy BHHHFC. 3KCHEPHMEHTAJIbHA31 MACTb KapTHHa COp6uHH jpow>KeFI BOJIOKHaMH IIeJIJIIOJI03bI npHBeaeHa Ha MHK- p0CJOTOrpaCj1NHX (puc. 1 H 2). H3 My3eIiHbIX KYJIbTyP XopOHIO COp6NpvJoTCH PHc. I. Sacch cortilaginosus L. PHc. 2. Sacch. vini var. cartilaginosus, IIIT. KaaiineAa 2 Sacch. cartilaginosus Lindner H Sacch. casei Sacclietti; c.ra6o cop611pyIoT- C5I Sacch. cerevisiae - 7-R ToMcxa5I, 'BbIAe.TieHHarI HJIeBaKo. BOJIbIHHHCTBO HpoBepennbIX My3efHbIX KYJIbTyp He cop611PYeTCSI BOJIOKHaMH IICJIJII0JI03bl. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KOJINLIeCTBO COp6HpOBaHHbIX 3aBOACKHX gpo>K>Kef Ha BOJIOKHax ycTaHal3- JIHBaJIOCb HaNIH no orlpe;'[eJIeHnHM a3OTa B HaxonJIeHHbIX LIHCTbIX ApONK- .,KallKax ii UpOAHJIbHbIX 4aHax Ha 3THX 3aBoaax. Ha meJiOKax OT MArKHX BapOK ueJIJilOJio3bl H Ha HHBHOM cycile AaloT 3ep- IIHCLbIii OCaAOK H XopOH10 cop6Hpyl0TCH BOJIOKHaMH ueJIJIIOJ1o3bI. 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KpoMC CyXOHCKOrO 3aBOJja, KyJIbTypbl 3TOrO poaa H BHAa BbIAeJleHbi 113 ipo)K)KeB011 MaCCbI KpaCHOKaMCKoro H COKOJmbCKOrO CyJIb(~HTHO-CHHpTOBbIX 3aBOAOB. UBe HpeAHOCJIeAHHe KyJib'rypbT B Ta6JI. 2 (HeMaHCKall-2 H Cslcb-4) TO)KC xopotuo cop6Hpy10TC51 KeJIJIK)JIo30II H Aa1OT 6o6oBHAHbie dHOpbl (pHc. 5). OAHaKo Hpoueccy cnopoo6pa3OBaHHH y ?TIIX KVJIbTyp HpcAHICCTByCT KOIIyJIH- HH51 KJICTOK. OHH c6pa K[!Ba1oT r'JI1OK03V, CaXapO3V, ra.'iaKTO3y 11 JIaKI03V, He Piic. 3. Sacch. vini var. cartilaginosus, mT. B-7. BanaxtiiiHCKafl c6pa KIIBalOT iMaJIbTO3bI. 06e KyJlbTypbI OTHOCIITCR K Zygofabospora mar- xiana. 113 Ipo)Kxc6 KaJIIuIlIlllrpaicK0I0 3aBOAa BTOporO KoM6HHaTa BbITIC.1CIIa 3eprIIICTaF cop6HpyiouiaFc Ky,ibTypa, TaK)KC o67aAaloLuafl c110CO6II0Crb1O 06- p)a3OBbIBa'rb ICKII co CuopaMH HOC,HC KOIIVJIHIOIII, IIo CHOpbI OKpyr,TIOl1 (1)OPMbl, 110 .1 BcC-IICTblpe a3 aci e. Ho 3TIIM CBOIICTB3MM KV.'IbTypa Ka.,mi HI1I'paAC.Ka1I 2-57 OTHOCIITCH K po;y ZygosaccharOmyccs. Qua cbpa)KHBaeT rJIIOKO3y, CaXa- 1)03y H MaJIbTO3y, IIe c6pa)KHBaeT ra IaKTO3bI 11 JIaK'ro3bl. TaKHM o6pa3OM, HCIIbITaHHF_ IIOKa3aJnl, 'ITO rpyrnia cop611pylo1wHx Jlpo)K- iKCIi COCTOIIT 113 IIpeACTaBIITCJIeH pa3JIHHIHbIX pOAOB H BHAOB ceMeHCTBa caXa- pOMHII,CTOB, yCKOpeIIHO H CJIa6o C6pa)KHBaIOMI4X raJIaKT03y H He c6pa)KHBa- I0IAHX 3TOT caxap. O6Hapyxcellbl oIIH Ha 3aBo.3ax 6Jiaro,1apx cop6uHH if- BOJIOKIIaMH ue.3JHOJI03bl 11 oTCTaHBaHH!O C HocJIeJIHei B 6poAHJIbHbIX 4axax. C.IeAOBaTC.'IbIIO, Iie.IJII0JI03a KaK aJicop6eluT CIIOCO(CTBYCT oT6opy H IIaKO1IJIe- III!K) cop6HpylOIlUlXCH c4)OI .1 B HpOH3BOACTBC. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PHc. 4. Fabospora fragilis, iiT. CyxoHa-7 PHc. 5. Zygofabospora marxiana, LmT. HeMaHCxa5i-2 12 TPY4bi Nina mHK)QEuoJnoruu. ubin. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 PA3MHO)KEHHE 14 C11NPT006PA3YIOIIIA51 CI1000BHOCTb COPBHPYIOIIjHXCSI APO)K)KEH 0 6HOXHM114eCKO11 aKTHBHOCTH BbIJjeJIeHHbIX Cop6HpyiomHXC5I KyJlbTyp MbI CyJIHJIII nO pa3MlIO}KCHnlO B o6bI IlIblX H ynapellllblX IIjeJIOKaX H HO HaKOnJza-2)' 2,11 24,1 1,30 To ice (11-70) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 50 27,0 20,6 (Cyxo:la-11) . . . . . . . . . . 7,80 15,5 7,80 40,6 > (B-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 , 7 30,3 4,62 21,6 (B-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 42 21,2 5,42 34,3 Sacch. paradoxes (CB-20) . . . . . . 6,30 27,3 2,38 11,75 Saccll. vini (CB-1) . . . . . . . . . . 15,7 32,81 0,60 23,8 To iKHMOM CyIJJKH (C pa3JI11HHbIMH )jJIH- TeJIbHOCTbfO CVHIKH, TeMHepaTyplfbiM pe)KHMOM, HpHH11HHOM HO,jaLIH TeHJIOro B03,jYXa Ii KOHCTpyKLuie1'i CYIIIHJIOK). 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 6uoxuMwiecxue ocnoebt eyuucu x4e6onexapnbtx dpoic:>rceti 185 H McJIaHOHjjHHOB noJLTBepNcAaeTCH euje H TeM, LITO OTJjeJIbHble 06pa3I1bI ApoxK- )KeIl npH aJIHTeJIbHOM xpaHeHHH npHOOpeTaIOT HpKO,KOpIIIHeBY1O OK- paCKy. Bonpoc 3TOT, Hec0MHeHHO, 3aCJIy3KHBaeT jjaJlbHelllller0 FI3ygeHHH, TaK KaK H3 OnblTa CYIIIKH nlllijeBblX HpOjjyKTOB 143BeCTHO, LITO B npouecce CyIHKH H XpaHeHFISI MHOI'HX BbICyWHeFIIIbIX npOAyKTOB npOHCXOAHT o6pa3oBaHFIe aMH- HOCaXapOB H rJIIOKOnpOTeFIJjOB. C HaKormeHHeM 3THX COeAHHeHHli CB513bIBaIOT yXyAHIeHHe KageCTBa CyXHX OBo1Ii,eII, HHLIHOrO fOpOLIIKa, MOJIOKa H Ap. 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BAwiuue 0AumeAbHOC11M u ycnoauu do3peeaHUA dpo.ic.iceu Ha ux nodaeMHyro cunt' 1 I I HPeccoBaHHbie APoxLH Cyxl+e AP noAbeMBasl dHJI a, MHH. BJIa)K- HOCTb, AJI HTCJIhHOCTb Ao3PeBaHHH, 9acbl BbixoA APo~K- aKetY, K me- '0 % K a6cOMTHO cyxoMy Becy a3OTa Q6b14HaI 70,0 7,00 0,43 100 11,0 YclineHiiaa 72,7 6,68 0,32 85 10,0 06bI 11Ia 1 72,0 6,68 0,31 9,8 YCHnenHaA 76,3 6,28 0,26 9,1 BbiB0)I bi 1. B npouecce CyHIKH H AaJIbHefinero XpaHeHH2 CyX11X A1)O>K>KCfl npOHC- XOASIT CJIO}KHble 6HOXHMHLIeCKHe H3MeHeHHH B a30THCTOM H yrJIeBOAHOM COCTaBe Apo)K)KeH, B Cy.nbq)rHApHJIbHbIX coeAHHeuHHX, B npOHHuaeMOCTH KJIe- TOLIHOH 06o.10LIKH H AP. 2. 1.'1HTeHCHBHOCTb HpOTeOJIHTHLIeCKOrO pacnaAa, CB5I3aHHOro C HaKOnJ1e- HHeM paCTBOPHMbIX HC6eJIKOBbIX a3CTHCTbIX coeAHIIeHHI H aMHHOKHCJIOT, o6ycJIOBJICHa AJIHTe.IbHOCTb[O CyHIKH. IIpH KpaTKOBpeMeIIHOu CywKe (3- .8 LIac.) npOTCOJI143 He3HagHTeJIeH. 0}KN{e17, 3. 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POCT 'IPO:KHK>xeFl Ha caxap COCTaBJIHJI He 60JIee Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Pacxod caxapa.Ha 1 2 npeccoea-HHhlx dpo.'lc.weu npu eblpuu{ueaxuu dpoxc,Iceu o :w(Maccoev1x pacrncopax c eb1e0KOil KoHgexnapaqueii numameAbHblX eeuyecme npu pa3iu'iHOU aapaquu epedbi I PacxoA muaac- Ko:Iu9ccTHO ApOaH-' PacxoA me- 1K:Keii IICHO.-Ib3OBaJIHCb KaK HOceBHble 13 OHbITaX BbIpaIJIHBaHIIq ap0}K)KeFr if OIICHHBa.1HCb HO reHepaTliBTIOri aKTrIBHOCTII 11 CKOpOCTiI poCTa (Ta6Jr. 3). ,LBa o6pa3ua apo)K)Ke0 6bL,aH Holyoe- Ilbi HpIi OIjIIIIX H Tex iKe yCJIOBIISIX HHTa- HHH B HpOueCCe Bblpan 11BaHI1H Kollljell- 501 Tpaljwj HHTaTeJIb}{F,Tx Beu ecTB Caxapa, 30JIbllbIC it pOCTOBbIC He- 404 6 , V Cpe,QHCM OJjlry H Ty iKe Bea1IItIIIlly, TaK KaK 4,300 13 3TI1X OHbITaX B Tegexxe 12 oac. 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B IleiIBX 113yOeHjIH CKOpOCTIT poCTa 3THx a13V'X 06pa3uOB, 01111 HCHO.1b3o- I3aJIHCb ,'j.151 HOCJieaViomijX OHbITOB I3bIpallj11BaHr10 ;Ipo}K)KeO Ila J1eIIa000BbIX cpeaax, HpUIeM cKOpocTb HaKOH,Ier1Hn Maccbl Toro it Tipyroro o6pa3ua Ire Hpe)ZCTaB,IA.1a CVII&CCTBCHHOrO pa3JoHgli5l (pnc. 51). DTO H03I30:rBe1' yTBep- )Kaa'rb, 1110 ,j,'IS{ ,j.1IIT0 IbHOFO KYJIbTHBIIpOBOHHB Jjpo)K)KC}I OCIIOBIIbIM yC.1OBH- cM COXpaiiem B CII000611OCTTI K 6bICTpOMy HOB006pa3oBalIHlo K.1CTOK HB?1HCTC51 xaTbCn C HOCTOAIIIIOfi CKOpOCTbI4 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 E. A. ll,leeako npHpocTa 6HOMaCCbI IIpH yCJIOBIIII HpaBHJIbHOLI Jj03HpOBKH HHTaTeJIbiIbIX Be- HZeCTB, pace-iHTaHHOH KaK Ha HpHpOCT RpoK>Kef, TaK H Ha o6MeHTlble peaK- TIHH pacTyHZeit apwK>KeBOK MaccbI. 4. 9KCnepnMCIITaTlbITO 1[ail; exa i[o3HpoBKa HoJIHOueHHoli Me7acCOBOi-1 cpejlbi, CHOCO6CTBVIOIUa5 !.'THTCJIbHoMV ;;oxpaIieHHIO CKODOCTIT pocTa caxapo- MHIIeTOB. OHTHMa.1mHOe cpe]IHee pa36aH.I1eHHe Me-TiaccbT BOIIO1T Cf`CTalmsleT 1 : 17. CyujeCTBeHI1bIM ABk1I5IeTC5I ,i1.OJI}KIIa51 KOHITeHTpauJIH MHHepaJlbllbIX It pOCTOBb!X BeIIICCTB H A1HKp09.11eMeHTOB. Ko.nHUecTBO CaXapa 13 Mel aCCOBbIX cpeiax He JIO.iI}KHO 6bITb IIH}Ke 440 Mt' Ha I I' npfl>K>KeR, BblpaH.IHBaeMblx H annapaTe 3a I LiaC. TTpu IT36bITKe caxapa LlaCTb ero MONKeT pacxoflOBaTbCR Ila CIHpTOBOe 6po3KCHHe, OJ1HHKO HHTeHCHBHOCTb pa3MHO)KeHHH Apo o1 ei! He 3aBHCHT OT HTITeIICHBHOCTI{ 6po5KeHITA. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3. 3. Apy6iz nei, H. H. TKateti Ko, 3. T. HoaHo6a OCOBEHHOCTH CBPA)KNBAHNSI APEBECHbIX FHJIIPOJIN3ATOB JLPO)K)KAMH SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (BcecoI03HbIII HayvHO-Hcc.ne) oeaTenbcKHlf HHCTHTyT rH,[{POJIH3HOII H CyJIb()HTIIO-CHHpT0B01I HPOMbIHI.neHHOCTHI C6pa>KHBairue jpeBeCHbIX rHjjpOJIH3aTOB Ha CHHpT B FHapOJIII3HOli IlpO- MbiHIJIeIIHOCTH ocyujeCTBJI5IeTC51 I-TefPepbIBHbIM CIIOCO6oM 6pOxceHH 1 C HCHOJIb- 3OBaIIHCM pa3JIH4Hb[X pac Sacch. cerevisiae. AJIHTCJIb11OC HCHOJIb30BaHIIe 3THX L po>K>KeFI B 6po.L HJIbHbIX Iiallam 3aBO- ;jOB CHoco6CTBOBajIo yCHeiIIHOMy HpHcnoco6Jieiiuio HX K CyujeCTBOBaIIHIO 13 CHel&HjjJH4IeCKHX yCJIOBHAX ,gjCBeCIibIX rHjjpoJIH3aTOB. flepeBO,j HpOH3BOJjCTBeH- IiOro 6pO>KeHHH Ha OTCeJIcKIuHOHHpoBaHHble JIyvmmHe paCbl Sacch. cerevisiac (JIeHHHrpaJ cKan 33, Kaxcxasi 2, ApxaxreJlbcKaB H jp.) cHoco6cTBOBaJi no- 1b1IlIeHHIO Bbixo>ja OHH1pTa, HpH,pOCTy ZpO)K)Keil H coxpaii eniio Hp,oJo.nuKII- TCJIbHOCTFI 6p0>KeilHH. B HOCale,gliHe FOjbI (c 1949 r.) OTMe'iaeTCSi HOiBjieiiHe B 6p0JjHJIbHbIX LIa- I1aX HOBOrO, CHOHTaIIHO pa3BHBaiOIn,erOC51 BO36YJ1HTeJIB 6po>KeFIHH H3 pojja Schizosaccharomyces. F1051BJIeHHe HOBOro Hpoj[yue1iTa CHHpTa Ha6JlioaaeTCSI Ha 3aBO,gax, paCHO- JIO>KeHHbIX B pa3HbIX KJ1HMaTH1IeCKHX yCJIOBHHX. TaK, HOBbie jjp0>K>KH HOJIHO- CTbIO BbITeCHHJIH aKTHBHbie MECTHble paCbl Sacch. cerevisiae, Ha KOTOpbIX 3a- BOjjbi 6eccMeHHo pa60TaJIH B TC'IeHHe 7-9 JIeT, Ha XOpCKOM (,gaJIbHi.i i Boc- TOK, Xa6aPOBCKI ii Kpaii), KaHCKOM (BOCTOIIHaH CH6Hpb, KpaCHOHpCKHii Kpaf) H ApxaHreJIbCKOM FFljjp0JIH3HbIX 3asojjax. Sacch. cerevisiae, iia KOTOpbIX 6bIJIO Hauaio HpOH3B0,HCTBeHHoe 6p0>KeHHe Ha FIOBOM KOCb- BHHCKOM rHapOJIH3HOM 3aBOJje (CpeAiiHF4 YpaJI, IlepMCKaH o6JIaCTb), OKa3a- .'IHCb liepe3 rOjj BbITCCIieHbI pO,LOM Schizosaccharomyces. 31Ia,mTeJIbHoe pa3BHTHe 3TOT poJj jjpo>K>Kef HOJIy14HJI TaK>Ke B 6pouHJIb- 1{bIX '-IaHax ,TIeHHHrpa,gCKOrO, CapaTOBCKOro H Cere}KCKOrO (KapeJlb- CKaSI ACCP) rHJjpOJIH3HbIX 3aBOUOB. Cogep>KaHHe Schizosaccharomyces B HpOIT3BOJjCTBenHbIX fjpo>K>KaX B 3THX cJIyLIaflx , oCTHraJio 5-15%, 110 B ;jaJlbHefineM Ha6JIIOJjaJIocb Hx OTMHPaHHe. 11o,Bble RpO>x>KH 6bIJIH Bbrjje.'IeiIbI it 0HpejjeJleHbI KaK Schizosacch. Poinbc (piiC. 1). B HPOH3BOjCTBeHHb1X 6pa>KKax, IK>KCf BCTpcgaCTCH B TpoHHHeCKOM, cy6TpOHHUe- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 3. 3. ZIpy6A MHOIS, H. H. TKa eeHKo, 3. T. HeaHOQa CKOM It yMepeill[OM KJIHMaTaX. CTallOBIITCR 51CIIbIM, 'ITO 3T11 ,IIPOMK}KH HOSIBJISI- IOTCIT If B 6o lee CypOBbIX KJIHMaTax - KOIITIIHeIITaJIbllOM, pe3KOKOHTHHeHTaJIb- IIOM I1 CCBCpHbIX qaCT51X yMepeHIIOI'o. KpOMe Toro, 3T11 APO)K)KH CHOCO6HbI pa3BHBaTbclT He TOJIbKO Ha 3aTOpax 113 HHHICBOI'0 CbIpbB (COJIOTOBbIX, KapTOOeJIbHbIX, 3epHOBbIX, npOC51HbIX, 113 Ca- XapllOrO TpOCTIII1Ka), lta HJIOJOBO-2FOAI1b1X COKax, 4)pyKTOBbIX TeCTaX H KOH- (~eTIIblX Maccax (I-I(,no1IIHILIa5i H Pv6aHCBH-I, 1938; CTaUHHzIeHKO, 1940), uo ii IIa HCKycCTBeHHbIX, 6o lee 6e,giibIX HIITaTeJIbHbIX Cy6CTpaTaX, KaKHMH 51B75I- 1OTC51 jPeBCCHbie rHApO7H3aTbi. IIO .1HTCj)aTypHbIM ;l,aHlihiM, ;Ip0}K}KIU 113 poaa Schizosacellaromyces pd3- ."[IIi1HO OIICIIHBa1OTCH KaK B036y;iHTeJIH CHHpTOBOFo 6p0}KeHHH: B TO BpeMH, Kax oAHil aBTOPb1 (UJ,ep6aKOB H flonosa, 1934; CHTHHKOB, 1937; KPJuKOBa H (Idu>uep, 1951; KyApBBueB, 1954) HPH31Ia1OT HX aKTllBIlbIMH CnnpTOO6pa3OBa- TeJIBMII, JIpwrUC. (SC1)11kow, 1896; KHPOB it JIe11IHHcKa5l, 1937; KOMapoBa, 1937; Pa7CliK0, 1941) yKa3bIBaK)T Ila HOllH)KCIIHb1H BbIXOA CHHpTa y 3T11\ ;Ipo>K>Kei1 no cpanlleliHlo c Sacch. cerevisiae LI Sacch. ellipsoideus. HCH07b30- BaHHe Schizosacch. Pombe B c iecn c Sacch. cerevisiae BO MHOFHX c iyga i ,gaBaJIO JIy9ILIHO pe3y.ubTaTbI, ieM Ka KAa5i 113 HCHblTaI-IIIbIX paC B 0Tf CJIbIIOCTII. Schizosacch. Ponlbe, pa3BHBaK)IIIHeCA Ha ,peBeCHbIX FNJypOJIH3aTaX (KeJIpO- BbIX, COCHOBO-JIIICTBCllHblx) H BbITecnnBmHe 113 6poAH.lbHbIX iiaiiOB Sacch. cerevisiae, flBJIAIOTCSI 3llepnltIHbiMH CHHpTOO6pa30BaT07AMH, KOTOpbiC 113 paB- IIbIX KO.,'IHLICCTB C6po1KCIIII0ro caxapa (PB) , alOT 60JIee BbICOKHit BbIXOJI CHHP- Ta, HC)KCJIH aKTHBHbIC HpoH3B0,rCTBeimble paCbl Sacch. cerevisiae (Ta6Ji. 1). Tai:, Schizosacch. Ponlbe 113 100 Kr c6po}Ke11HOro caxapa ;IaroT 57-59 ,i CHHpTa, Sacch. cerevisiae -- 52-54 JI. floTpe6Jlemic caxapa II o6pa3OBaHHe CHHpTa B npouecce 6pox{ellHB Hp0- Tcxae:T ropa3, o aKTHBHee y Schizosacch. Pombe. UpOBOJIHJHICb IIa6JI1OjeHHII 3a CKO)OCTbIO c6pa)KHBaIIHSI KeApOBoro rH,gPO- :IH3a1'a 060HMH pOgaMH AP0}K}KeIi. 143 npOH3BOACTBeIIHbIX pac Sacch. cerevlslae HCH0Jlb3OBaJIHCb ABe: aKTHBHaII, c6pa3KHBa1OuJma51 raJIaKT03y (AC- IIHHrpa;ICxaSI 33), it 6o:iee c:Ia6alT, tie c6paxcHBaloiuaH BTOT caxap (XopcKa1). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 KHCJIOTH OCTb, P B j KHC.aoT- mn O,IH. NaOII o p1I HoCT1, 11.0 M:1 6pa:Krar '0 O.fr,. NaOH I I I i C6poacelro CnxpT, PB, % Bt,ixoj1 cnH- PTa 113 100 Kr caxapa, .1 Sacch. cerevistae . 4,2 20 2,544,6 17 1 0,(;0 1 1,94 g 92 52,5 Schizosacch.Pombe 4,2 20 2,493,9 27 1,95 1,94 58,7 Ap0}K}KH BIIOCHJIHCb B I'IljjpOJII33aT 13 KOJIHHCCTBe 10 r/,1. Llepe3 Ka>Kgbie 2 tia- ca B 6paAKKe onpeJjeJISIJIHCb caxap If CrIHpT. Pe3yJIbTaTbl OnbITOB n1percTa;BJIeIIbI fia plic. 2. PB, Oco6eHHOCTU cGpa ic(ca,iu i dpellecHbtx eudpo,t13UTO,1 dpo.m,rca,Hlt Ta6.niiua I C6parc11aaHUC udpo;tu3anut a saaodcK11x yc.ioctoix pa3Hbtaut dpo.r(Jtcaua 2 /~4 6 8 8peM,+ OIPOWeHUN,VUCb/ PHc. 2. jjHHammlfKa c6pa7KnBaHI15I r1f,3po.3H3aTa Schizosacc/l. Ponibt' 11 HCKOTO pblblll ItPOH3B0.3CTBCHHbil,111 pacamu: :l .-- Sacch. ccreoisiae (paea JlenaHrpa,gcKaa 33); G -- Saecl,, cerec'isiae (paca X(,pcKam) I n 3- noTpe6.nenne caxapa; 2 x 4- o6pa3oeaHH0 cnlpTa; I H 2- v Scl,iz. Pombe; 3 it 4 - y Sacch. cerc-eisiae. KaK BHJjHO, mli3ocaxapoMHueTbI 3Heprngiiee nOTpe6JIH1oT c6pa)KnBaeMbl}I caxap Jjpesecnoro cyc.ra H 6bICTpee o6pa3yloT cllnpT, HexceJrll caxapoMHue- TbI. FlocjieJjuue MOry'T ,3ocTiI4b Toii Ace xoriueHTpauHll CHHpTa npit yjjJIHHeHIIH cpoxa 6poA{eiin i Jjo 24 tlac. B HPOH3BOJjCTBeiiHb1X YCJIOBHHX HPH HCHOJIb3QBaHHIi itenpepblBHbIX CHOCO-, 60B 6po KeHIIH CnnpToo6pa3oBaHHe y IIIH30CaxapoMHueTOB npOTeKaeT eme aKTIiBHee: 1O'ITH BeCb c6pa}KHBaeMbIIt caxap OKa3bIBaeTCH MO6HJIn30BaH 3TH- MIr Jjpo )KaMH, KaK TOJIB.KO JIpo>K>KeBaH CyCneu3HR nonajjaeT B rr,IjpoJIH3aT, I! OKOH4aTeJlbrlaH KOHueHTpaILHH CHHpTa B 6pa)KKe VCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH B 6po- ,-jH,TIbnoH 6aTapee tiepe3 3-3,5 tiaca. YcTaHOB.7eHO, IITO I Kr jjpoA{>KeBOR MHCCbI Schizosacch. Pombe B rlpO143- BOJjCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBHHX c6paA{HBaeT 10-12 Kr caxapa B CyTKH, B TO BpeMH KaK Sacch. cerevisiae B 3THX Ace yCJIOBHHX MOA{eT C6pOllfTb 7,5 Kr. Ba>KHO 6bLJIo yCTa1iOBHTb, fie HpOHCXOjjHT Jill nOBbIHIeiIHOrO BbIXBJja Cnnp- Ta 3a CtIeT c6paA{HBaHHH apyrHX yrJiesojjoB rH,1p0JLH3aTa, KpOMe reKC03. ,LaBHO H3BeCTHO, qTO pojj Schizosaccharomyces npoH3BOJjnT 60JIee rJiy6o- Koe c6pa}KHBaHIIe IIHBHOrO cycJia, tleM Saccharomyces, Hcno.Tlb3y5l npH 3TOM He TOJIbKO All- H TpuuCaxapuj[bI, HO H 6ojlee CJIOA{Hble yr.1eBO,JbI (KyJjpIBueB, AraTOB H KJlonKOBCKaH, 1947). Schizosacch. Ponibe, BbITeCHHBHIne H3 6Poj(HJIbHbIX tIallOB I'HJ_jpOJIH3Hblx 3aBOJIoB Sacch. cerevisiae, TaKA{e ciioco HbI r./Iy6OKO Bb16pa>KHBaTb IIHBHOC CyCJIO C o6pa3oBaHHeM BbICOKHX KOHuelITpauHir CHHpTa. Hue npuBOjjITCH gaHHbie (Ta6Ji. 2) no c6pa}KIIBaHH10 nHBHoro cyc.7a i aH6ojice aKTHBiibIMil pacaMH o6onx pOJjOB , po:KA{eli. OnpeJ.je1leune yrJIeBOJj- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 206 3. 3. ,Z~py6nstHety, H. N. Ttcake,oco, 3. T. Fioauooa IIbIX rpynn B [IHBHOM cyciie AO 6po)KeHHSi H HO OKOHLIaHHH ero npoH3B0AHJIOCI, 6e3 rI1Ap0JIH3a H noc ie rIIAP0JIH3a 1%-Hoi HCI B Te'IeHHe 5 MHH. npH 7pr H 3 'Iac. B KHnSia eu BoJ[AHOH 6aHe. C6pawueanue yeneeodoe nuanoeo eycAa npou3eodemeeHHbtAtu pacaMu Schizosacch. Pc mbe u Sacch. cerevisiae (e %) y'rneBOnbl AO 6lo?KeHH2 1J rJu BOAb1 nocne 6po>te( nHH S aech . eerevi si ae . . . . . . . . Schizosacch. Pombe . . . . . . . 613 rH- iponn3a 3,76 3,76 nocJie 3 vac. rnnpo- nH3a B 3 %-HoV 8,24 8,24 nocne 5 MHH. rHAPo- nH3a B I %-HON HCI 4,41 4,41 6e3 rH- Apo.nH3a nocne 3 vac. rHApo- JIH3a B 3 %-HOP HCI CnHpT, o6b1MH. 2,73 3,43 3,97 5,94 2,34 3,30 YrjIeBOAxasl '-IBCTb apeBeCHbIX rHRP0J1113aT0B COCTOHT n3 reKCO3, neHT03 H MaJIO H3y4eHHbIX yr.'IeBOA0B, IIHBepCHST KOTOpbIX B 2%p-HOI/ cepHOI3 KHCJIOTe B Te4eHHe 3'Iac. B KIIHRIUEH 6aHe yBeJIHLIHBaeT K0JIH'IeCTBO c6pax{HBaeMOro caxapa B ApeBecHOM CyCJIe (BeJIHCBCKI;II, 1955). HHorLa AOHOJIHHTe.nbHbII1 rHApoJIH3 B yxa3aHHbIx yCJIOBHSIX He npuBOAHT K npupanl,eHHIO caxapa B rHA- poJIH3aTe, HO npH C6pa)KHBa1IHH TaKOFO cyCJia BbIX0A cnHpTa yBeJIH'IHBaeTCH (Ta6ji. 1, OnbIT 2). BHAHMo, HeHHBepTHp00BanxbIH noJlncaxapHA o6JIaAaeT pe- AyulipyiOHtei" cnoco611o0TbI0 H onpe;neJI3eTC51 B I H.B.poJIH3aTe 6e3 HHBCpCHB. 11pvi HHBepcIIH 011 nepexoJ1HT H3 IIeC6pa3KHBaeMOH BOplMOM C KOJI emyCH CoaepxKH 3aCeBajlHCb Ha HeIIHBeITHPOBaHIible 14 H_1- BepTHpoBaHHbie ApeBeCHble cycna (Ta611. 3). C6pamueanue HeuHeepmupc6aHHOeo u uxaepmupoeaHHOeo eudpoi:uama Schizosacch. Pornbe AO HHBepcim Hoene )lO nnBepciv Ilocne , PB Ao 6pO- )KCHHH, % u cn HpT, o6b^MH. PB, ,0 % 2,51, 2,70 3,68 3,68 0,70 0,69 1,38 1,38 1,10 1,14 1,29 1,45 KaK CJICAYeT 113 iia6JI1OJJennii, IuH3oCaxapoMHueTbI Be cn0c06Hb1 c6paxcli- B3Tb HeuIIBepTHpOBaHHble yrJ1eBOJjbI. noJIy'IeHHe 6ojiee BbICOKHX BbIXOAOB CnHpTa npH c6pax{HBaHHii rHApoJI1I- 3aTOB 9THMH Apo>KaMH o6bsicH5ieTC51, BHAHMO, TeM, 9T0 B aaHHOM cJIy'Iae Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Oeo6eHxocru c6pamcu6aHun dpeaechbIX eudpo;iu3arov dporcycamu 207 upoijecc CHIIpTOO6pa3OBaHHH HpOTeKaeT 6e3 HaKOnJIeHHA TaKOro xOJIHLIeCTBa n060LIHbIX HPOJyKTOB, KOTOpOe Ha6JII01aeTCSi npn HCnOJib3OBaHHH Sacch. ce- revisiae (YTeHKOBa-PaHuaH, 1954). HHTepeCHO TaK)Ke OTMeTHTb, LITO CnnpTOO6pa30BaIIHe Ha rH,rjpOJIH3aTe npo- TeKaeT B pa3HbIX YCJIOBH51X KHCJIOTHOCTH, B 3aBIICHMOCTH OT npHMeHHeMbIX ,Zpox{)Keu (Ta6Ji. 1). KOHJjyKTOMeTpH4eCKHM THTpOBaHHeM yCTaHOBJIeHO CO- ;jep)KaHHe CB06OJ.[HbIX H CBH3aHHbIX OpraHMecKHX KHCJIOT B 6pa)KKe, a TaKxce o6wee nX xoJIH4ecTBO (pHC. 3). Schizosacch. Pombe BbI3bIBaIOT noJJKHCJIeHHe 6pa)KKH. HOBbIIIIeHHaH KHC- .-IOTHOCTb yCTaHa,BJIHBaeTCH . B HepBble tiacbi 6p03KeHHH it o6ycJIoBJIHBaeTCA O6pa30BaineM CBO6o jiIbIX OpraHHzIeCKHX KHCJIOT (plc. 2). C6pa)K1IBaHHe 500 b 40 1 400 3A9 - X30 20 _.~?~.` 200 100 100 - J.- 0 2 4 6 ~?c 0 Z 4 6 Bpe t n 6poxeHaq, voce; Bpemw 6poMreMun voce; PHC. 3. KEIc,noroo6pa3oBaaxe HpH c6paxiHBainH rnupo,n i- 3aTa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HpIMeHBeMbMX ,gpO)K>Kei I - o6Hiee KoJ H ecTBO KHCJIOT; 2 - CB06O HbIB KHC TOTbI; 3 - CBn3aHHb(e KHCJIOTLI A - Sacch. cereaisiae (paca JIeHHHrpaacxaa); B -_,Schizosacch. Pombe (paca Xopexan) rHJ1poJIH3aTa fPOH3BOJjCTBeHHbIMH pacaMN Sacch. cerevisiae conpoBO}ICJjaewC i CHH)KCHHCM KHCJIOTHOCTH B 6pa)KKe B pe3yJlbTaTe HOTpe6JIeIIHH OpraIIHgeCKHx KHCJIOT 1`1rJjpOJIH3aTa H TeX MaJIbIX KOJIHLICCTB OpraHHgeCKHX KHCJIOT, KOTOpbIC o6pa3y1oT 3TH JjpQ KJ B Hagajle 6poxceHH3q. BO.IbnjOe BJIIISiHHe Ha BbIXO,r CnHpTa H pa3MII0)KeHHe Jjpo)K)Kelt OKa3bIBaeT riatIajIblraB KHCJIOTIIOCTb JjpeBecnoro cyCJia. ,TJIIITCJIbHbie Ha6JIIoJjeHJH 3a 6poM(eHHeM B HpOH3BOJjCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBHHX, BbI3bIBaeMbIM Schizosacch. Pombe, yKa3aJIH Ha BO3MO)KHOCTb nepepa6OTKH rHJjpoJI143aTOB Jjaxce c pH=3,9. Hau60Jiee aKTJIBIIOC BbITCCHeHHe caxapoMnueTOB H3 6pO,1HJIbHbIX qaHOB npOIICXOJju:IO TaK)Ke npH c6pa)KHBaHHH rHJjpOJIH3aTOB c pH=3,9. Sacch. cerevisiae aKTHBHIee 6poAHT npH pH=4,2-4,5; npH 3TOi3 KHCJIOTHOCTH BeJjeT- CH 6po)KeuHe Ha rI'JjpoJIH3HbIX 3aBOJjaX. BJIHAHHe pH Ha BbIXO, CHHpTa H pa3MHo)KeHHe Jjpoxc)KeH- H3ygaJlOCb TaK- KKC B ,ia6opaTOpHbIX yCJIOBHSIX. ;jPWK)KH, Bblpau ef1Hbie Ha CMeCH rHJ[pOJIH3a- Ta H HHBIiOrO cycJIa, BIIOCUJIIICb B rHJjpOJIn3aTbl pa3HOI3 KHCJIOTHOCTH B KOJIH- giecTBe 15-18 r/Ji. Bpo>Keune IHJio npH TeMnepaType 32-330. Cpa3y no oxoH- rlauuH 6paxcica OTJjeJIH lacb Ha H,eHTpH(pyre OT Jjpox{x{eH, KOTOpble BHOBb 3aJInBaJIIIcb CBe)KHM dHHJjpOJI113aTOM C Hy)KHbIM pH, nOJjOrpeTblM J10 yKa3au- 1(ON TeMnepaTypbl. TaKHM o6pa3oM, iia O, HIIX H TeX )Ke JjpO)K)KaX CTaBHJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO 6po- )KeHH}I, 'ITO IIO3BOJIA,TO 6oJiee HOJIHO BbIABHTb 3HaqeHHe HCCJIeJjyeMoro (jJaK"I'Opa npH RJIHTe.TIbHoM ero BO3JjeiICTBnH. FIPH 3TOM 6bIJIO OTMeLIeHO, 'ITO aKTHBHOe 6po)KeHne Schizosacch. Pombe npOH3BO)jHIT B JjOCTaTO4H0 HIHpOKOM FHTepBaJIe pH - OT 3,9 Jjo 4,4. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 O,g iaKO npO, O.M I1TeJTbnoe Be,emic 6po)Kel-IHA npli p11=3,8-3,9 3a,1ep- x{HBaeT pa3MIIO}Ke1IHC ,Rpo}K}KeM; B03paCTaeT KOJIH'-IeCTBO MepTBbIX KJIeTOK. HOBbIIIIemIC KHC.'IOTHOCTH rHRpOJIH3aTa Ao pH=3,9 y Sacch. cerevisiae ;ja?KC Ha IIeCKOJIbKO 'IaCOB COnpOBO}KRaeTCH 60JIBWII I IIeRo6pOROM II 3Ha4H- ,reJlbHbIM OTMHpaIIHeM KJIeTOK. HOR'BJIeIFHe B 6po;jHJIbHbIX ilailax THApOJIH3HbIX 3BBOAOB JJ,poxc?Kerl 113 p0- Aa Shizosaccharomyces 4anle BCeI-O Ha6JIIORaeTC2 B TenJloe BPeMR roJia. B 3TOT nepi1o; B 6poAIIJIbI-Ible OTReJIeHIIB, KBK npaBHJIO, nOCTynaeT cyc.io c 1IOBbIUIeHHOH TeMInepaTypoH Ao 33-35?. B Tex peAKHX cJlynaHx, KorJ(a 3aceJreHne 6pOjIL1bIIbIX 4axoB po,IoM Schizosaccharomyces npOHCXORHJIO IIC B TeHJIOe BpeMII roaa, yCTaHOBJleno, 'ITO B 3TOT nePIIOA IIa 3aB0RC npOH3BOJ[I{JIOCb C6pa?KHBaIIHe FHAp0J1H3BTOB C n0BbIweHH0H TeMHepaTypOII. B Ta6JI. 4 npIIBORSITCB Ra111IbIC 0 B."IHHHIIII pa3JIw-IHbIX TemiiepaTyp IIa c6paxcHBaHHe CaXapOB, BbIXOR CnnpTa H pa3MHO>KeHHC Apo>KxceH IIpii nepe- pa6oTKe rHRpo.TH3aTa. OnbITbr CTaBH;IHCb HO OHHCaHH0H BbIIHe McTORIIKe. BAuRHue me.wnepamypbt 6po enu5i Ha eblXOO cnupma (e j ; PB 6 cyc.e 2,87%) Temneparypa 6poMCUiaA, rpag. 1 PB CI] PB I CIINPT ` npHpOCT JIpOMCMCCLI 1 23 - 30 0,77 1,27 0,60 1,28 131,0 33 - 34 0,54 i 9,29 0,56 1,30 142,0 35 - 37 0,54 1,31 1,40 0,66 -30,0 B nepBblx 6po}Ke11HAX, KaK c.'Ie;jyeT 113 Ta6JIHubI, IIOBbIIIIeHHe TCMllepaTy- pbl CHOCO6CTBOBa.'io yBe.nII4e1IHI0 KOHIJ.eHTpauHn CnnpTa B 6pa}KKC. JIy iiuHIe Pe3yJIbTaTbi nOJTy4eHbI npH BeaeHHn 6p0}KeHHH npH 36-37?. FH6eJIbiioe BJIHR- IIHC 3TOn TCMnepaTypbl CKa3bIBaeTC51 no3?Ke. B VI 6po}KeHHn IIa6JIloAaeTCR MaccoBOe OTMnpaHHe Apo?K>KeBbIX KJIeTOK, -noBbIIHaeTcll IIeAo6po. It pe3KO ct-InxcaeTCSI KOHueHTpauHR CIIHpTa B 6pa?KKe. Han6o.nee 6JiaronpHRTIIa RJIH 6poxceHHR if pa3MHO?KeHHR 3THX Ipoxc?Keil TreMnepaTypa 33-34?. BbIXOA CHHpTa B 3TOM cJiy4ae BbICOK H yCTOH!HB, a npIIPOCT apoxc?KeA COCTaBJIHeT 142%. HOHH1KeHne TeMnepaTypbI Ao 29-30? If, B oco6eHHOCTH, ,ii,o 25-27? BbI- 3blBaeT yxyAmeime noKa3aTeIei no 6p0?KeHnlo H 3aj ep?KHBaeT pa3MH0?KeHIIC IHH3ocaxapoMnueTOB. Kpo-Me TOIO, CH l)Kenne TeMnepaTypbi 6po?KeHHR Ao 25- 27? nPHBOJjHT K UGHBJICHHIO B 3aBORCKHX 6p0AnJIbIIbiX 4aHax 3iieprH4H0 pa3- MIio?KalonI,HXCR caxapoMllueTOB. Schizosacch. Pombe pa3MHO?KaIOTCR McJZJIeIIHo. B aKTHBHO 6poA5ilueM rHRPOJIH3aTC B 3aBOACKHX yCJIOBHHX HaC4IITbIBaIOTC5i 4-5% KJIeTOK B 000TOR- I11111 JI,eJIe1IH51, B TO BPCMR KaK np14 HCHOJIb3OBaHHH Sacch. cerevisiae B Ka4e- CTBe B036yailTeJIR npOn3BOACTBeHHOro 6p0?KeHM51 B COCTORHHH n04KOBaHnl ITaXOAHTCR 18-25% Apo>K?KeBbIX KJIeTOK. 3a 4-5 CyTOK npH IienpepblBHOM 6p0?KCHHH HPHPOCT MaCCbI Schizosac- charomyces COCTaBJIHCT 125-142%. Hpn 6ecnepe6onnoi pa6oTe 6poAHJIb- HOrO OTAeJIeHHR 3TOT npHPOCT BH0JIHe KOMneHCHpyeT eCTeCTBeHHOe OTMHpaBile 11 npOH3B0RCTBe1IHbIc noTepa , po?K?KeH. HapyIueHHR TeXHOJIOrH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 OcoOenHOCru c6pamueaHUR apeeecNUlx euaponu3aTOB apoxaicaMu 'IecKOro pexKHMa - HecBoeBpeMeHHaHI noaaga cyCJia, yJIJJHHeHHe BpeMeHH Ilpe6blBaHI151 Jipo}K}Kefl B Bb16po>KeHHofl 6pa}KKe, TaK}Ke KaK JJJIHTeJlbHoe no- BbILHeHHe TeMHepaTypbl 6poxceHHH HJIH BblCOKaH KHCJJOTHOCTb fPHBOJIAT K pe3KOMy yBeJJHTIe1IHIO MepTBbIX KJIeTOK JI K HeJIOCTaTKy JJpO>K}Keu Ha HpOH3- BOJICTBe. Oco6eHllo 60JIbllOe BJIHHHHe OKa3bIBaeT HapyLUeHHe pe}KHMa fHTa- IIHi Jipo}K}Keii. HapallWHBaHHe Schizosacch. Pombe B 3jpo}K}KeMaTOIIHbIX OTJjejieHHAx no pe}KBMy, npHIIHTOMy J1J1H pa3MHO}KeHHH , po}K}KeI1 B CHHpTOBOfl HpOMb1LIIJIeH- 11OCTH, npOTexaeT Kpar He MCJIJIeHHO. HHOe Ha6JJIoaaeTCH HpH c6pa}KHBaHHH rHJlpoJIH3aTOB Sacch. cerevisiae. 3a TO xce 4-5 CyTOK B yCJIOBHHx 6poxceliHn HapacTaeT 190-200% Jipo}K- iKeB0li MaCCbI. IIOABJIHJOTCH H36bITOTIHble JJPOW>KH, KOTOpble CHCTeMaTH leCKH BbIBOJJATCA H3 6pOJ[HJ[bHbIX TIaIIOB, H B03HHKaeT BOnpOC 0 pauHOHaJIbHOM HC- II0JIb3oBalIHH 3TOro OTXOJJa 6pOJ0HJIbHOro OTJieJIeHHA. HaKOHJICHHc JJJIH HPOH3BOJJCTBCHHbJX JIC.TCii Hy}KHOJO KOJIHTIeCTBa Schizosacch. Pombe HBJIHeTCH OTICHb TpyJioeMKHM H JIJIHTeJIbHbIM npoueccoM JIJIN HpOMbIuIJIellHOCTH, B TO BpeMH KaK HapaHIHBaHHe Sacch. cerevisiae He npC.LCTaBJIAeT 3aTpyp,HeHHH. Schizosacch. Pombe BecbMa HCyCTO1iI1HB HpH xpa- HeIIHH. FHJJpoJTH3Ha5l npOMbILHJIeHHOCTb He paCnojlaraeT B HaCTOAIuec BpCMH Hajle}KHbIMH Cnoco6aMH XpaHeHHA 6oJIbHIHx KOJIH9eCTB 3THX JJpO}KxceN. Yc- neLUJIo npHMeHHeMble JIJi. Sacch. cerevisiae Cnoco6bl XpaHeHHA OTMbITbIX .npo}K}Keii HOJJ BOAOII JIJIH B JIpeCCOB3HHOM BF-IJIC. B XOJJO,IHJ1bHIJKax HpH +4' OKa3bIBarOTCH He npHrOJJHblMH ;TAR Schizosacch. Pombe. B 3THX YCJIOBHAX TICpe3 2-4 CYTOK OCTaIOTCH eJIHHHTIHble }KHBb1e KJIeTKH. TaKHM 06pa3OM, HpH paCCMOTpeIIHH BOHpoca 0 pa3BHTHH 060HX POJ[OB .kpo}KxceH Ha JapeBeCHOM CyCJIe TIaCTHIIHO y}Ke BbIHCI-IA10TC5l 'HpHUHHb1, cnoc06- CTByFO[g14C BbITCCHeI-IHIO H3 6p0JIHJIbHbIX TIaHOB FHJJpOJIIi3HbIX 3aBOJIOB llCnbl- TaJIHbIX HPOH3BOJICTBeHHbIX pac caxapoMHLieTOB LHH3OCBXapOMHIJCTaMH. FJIaBHaf H3 3THX npHTIHH 3aKJIrOTIaeTC5I B TOM, TITO LLIH3oCaxapoMIJIJeTbI, IBJIAHCb 3lieprHgHeIImHMH CnHpToo6pa3OBaTeJIAMH, cpa3y OB.IIaJIeBaIOT BCeM c6pa}KHBaCMbIM caxapoM H CTaBHT caxapOMHLIeTbI B yCJIOBHH nOJIHoro rOJIO- HaHnA. Ha 3TO yKa3biBaeT TBK}Ke MHKpOCKOnagecKaH KapTHHa: KaK TOJIbKO B 6pa}KKC nOHBJIAIOTCA HIH3OcaxapoMHueTbl, 06O.JIOTIKa caxapoMHueTOB yTOJI- HIaeTCA, npOTOnjIa3Ma npHo6peTaeT BHagaJIe KpynH03epHHCToe CTpOeHHe, 3a- TCM KOMKOBaTOe H OKpaLHHBaeTCA B 6ypbIJi LJBeT, a KJICTKH c06HpalorcH B XJJOnbf H BbIHaJJaJO'r B OCaJJOK. Oco6CHx0 3Hepl-mHO nOTpe6JIeHHe caxapa H o6pa3osaHHe CHHpTa y Lun- 3ocaXapoMHHCTOB HpOTeKaeT B YCJIOBHAX HCHpepbIBHoro 6p0}KeFIHH. CywCCTBeHHbIM npeHMyLUeCTBOM LJIH3OcaxapoMHIJeTO-B HB.THC"rCH TaK}KC CHOCO6JI0CTb pa3BHBaTbC51 B FHJJpoJIH3aTax c IIOBbILIIeHIIOM KI-ICJIOTHOCTbIO II TCMnepaTVpOH, B TO BpeMH KaK JJJIA caxapOMHHeTOB 3TH yCJIOBH51 ry6HTeJIbIIbI. H, HaKOFicu, HpOJJyKTbI }KH3HeAeHTej1bHOCTH LHH3oCaxapOMH[JeTOB, pa3BH- BaJOUJHecH Ha rHJJpOJIH3aTax, HBJIHIOTCH TOKCHTICCKHMH aim CaxapomnueTOB. BbIJIO 3aMegICHO, TITO HHBHOe H JJPCBCCH0e CyCJIO, c6p0}KeHIIOe LHI13ocaXa- p0M1ITeiiaMH, TCpHCT HpHATHbI11 COJIOJJOBbIII HJ1H clJpyKTOBbIl1 3anax, XapaKTep- Ilblii JJJIA 6paxceK, HoJly9eHHbIX Ha caxapoMHUeTax. COJIOAOBOC CyCJIO HpHO6- pCTaeT HpH 3TOM BKyc. ~JIA BbIHCHCIIHH BOHpoca 0 TOM, KaK B-TIHAIOT HpO, yKTbl }KH3IIeJJe5lTeJlbHo- CTH L11130caxapoM[ILie-'oB A CaxapoMltueT03 ,Jpyr Ila JJpyra, OnbIT CTaBH.IC.1 C.IlCJJylownM o6pa3OM. FHJJpoJIH3aT c6pa}KHBaJlcH OTJJeJ1bHO 06oHMH poAaMll ;Jpo}K}Keli. 3aTeM 6paxcKa OCB06O}KJia.iIacb OT Jipo>K>KeBblX KJICTOK 1 eHTpHIJy- rHpoBaHaeM HJIH q)HJIbTpanHel3, H B C)HJIbTpaT JJo6aBJIHJIOCb 2,0-2,5 /0 FJ1IOK03bI. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 210 9. 9. f(py6iRnnec{, H. H. TKagceHko, 3. T. Hoaxooa UpOH3BOj[HJICH noceB caxapoMHueTOB H 11IH3ocaxapoMHueTOB Ha 6pa}KKy, Bb16po>KCIIHyIO caxapoMHUCTaMH, a TaK}KC Ha 6pa}KKy, 11o.71VHelllry10 OT c6pa- >KHBaHHR LHI13ocaxapoMHueTaMH. Pe3y:IbTaTbl O1-ib1TO11 npe.icFaB:tc}rbI B Ta6,-I. 5. BAufHue npoayKmoe xcu3neaesrmeAbHOCmu Wusccaxapo.uut{emoe u caxapo uuuemce Ha eblxoa cnupma (e %) HCXOAHaFi cpeAa . . . . . . .. 2,47 Sacch. cerevisiae . . . . . . . 0,55 Schizosacch. Pombe . . . . . 1 0,55 caXapoMHI~(!TaMN I ;ll413oCaX2pOMHq( TaMH C F117T PB (061, (NI) PB I cnepT (06bcm) 1,21 2,25 2,27 2,45 0,75 0,53 1,27 1,44 2,27 1 JIIOKO3a, BIIeCellllaSI B 6pa>KKy, noJlytIeHHylo OT c6pa}KHBaHHH rHJI;pOJ1Il- 3aTOB caxapOMHL(CTaMH, HOJIHOCTbIO c6pa}KHBaeTC9 (OCTaTOUHoe PB=0,55- 0,53% Hpel[CTaB.ii i0T nCIITO3bI I'MUPOI113aTa) C XOpOHIHM BbIXOAOM CHHpTa o6oHMH po jaMH lipoxc)Kel'I. TaK}Ke xoponio c6pa]KHBaeTCSI 1-11143ocaxapoMHue- TaMH rJIloxo3a, BHeceHIlaH B 6pa}Kxy, noJly4eHHyIO OT 9THx )Re J pw}K}Kea. ,UcHTeJIbHOCTb caxapOMHueTOB B noCJIe,IHeM cjiyLIae pe3K0 yrHCTaeTCsl npO- , yKTaMH 06Me11a 111113ocaxapoMHuCTOB: HecKOJIbKO 3aIl,ep}KHBaeTC9 yCBOelIHe FJIIOK03bI H HOJIIIOCTbIO no4aBJIHeTCH aKTHBHOCTb 3HMa3HOro KOMnjICKCa. MHK- POCKOHHSI yKa3blBaeT TaK}Ke Ha pe3KHe HapyLHeHHH }KH3HCI1Hb1X npouecCOB ca- XapOMHueTOB: npOTOHJIa3Ma npFIO6peTaeT 3epHHCTOC CTpOeHHe, o6oJIOLIKa KJIe- TOK yTOJILUaeTCH, coII,ep}KaIIHe MepTBbIX KJICTOK yBeJIHLIHBaeTCSI. BpeAHoe gel'ICTBIle HpOAyKTOB o6MeHa 11I113ocaxapoMHUeTOB HBJIHeTCH enje o3HHM HpenMymeCTBOM 3THX gpo),K>Kef, o6yCJIOBJIHBaIOtu1M nepeBeC HX npH COBMCCTHOM Bblpal.UHBaHHH C caxapOMHueTaMH. Schizosacch. Pombe - ueH- Hbl1l npOH3BOJ[CTBeHHbIFI MHKpOOpraHH3M, H03BOJl5noLuHH rH,2p0JIH3H0H npO- MbILHJIeHFIO,CTH 311aLgHTeJIbHO HOBbICHTb BbIXOA CHHpTa M3 )IpeBCCHHbI. nOJIb30- BaHHe HM B Ka9eCTBe HpOH3,BOJICTBCHHOrO Bo36y,RHTeJIft CHHpTOBOro 6po%eHHH npejcTaBJISIeT pH, CyLueCTBeHHbIX 3aTpyJuIeHH11. 3TH 1TipO>K}K11 OTJ1HLIaIOTCA 60.IbLUOI,I ByBCTBHTe.J7bI1oCTbIO K n3Me'IIelIH5IM TeMnCpaTypbl H pH Cyc ia, K Ile- pe6oHM B no,1a4IC cyc is B 6pO,HJIbHble LIaHbI, Me3JIeHHO pa3M11O}KaIOTC I B npouecce 6po>KeiiHH H HpH CHeUHaJIbHOM HapaLuHBa11HFI HX B apo>K>KaIlKax II, HaKOHeu, KpanHC He yCTOHLIFIBbI npH XpaHelHH BO BpeMH oCTaHOBOK 3aBO,Ia. HCpc,i rHJJ[pOJIH3HOFl npoMbILHJIeHHOCTbIO CTOHT IIaCyLu laFi HOTpC6OHOCTb B IIaH6oJIce nOJIHOM H3yL1eIIHH H OCBOeIIHH 3TOrO BbICOKOnpOJ1yKTHBHOro MHKpO- opralill3Ma. 1. Schizosacch. Pombe HMeeT IUHpoxoe pacnpocTpaFlCHHC B HpoH3BOu- CTBax H BcTpeLlaeTCSI He TOJIbKO B TpOrIHLICCKOM, cy6TponllgCCKoM FI yMCpCHIIOM KIIHMaTaX, 110 H B 60Jiee CypOBbIX yCJIOBIISIX - B KOIITHHeliTa.TIbIIOM H pe3KO- KOIITHIIeIITa.nbHOM K.3HMaTaX (,,a.nbHHH BOCTOK, BOCTOLIIIarl C16iipb, Ho- BO.n}Kbe, Kape.nbcxan ACCP, CpejHH'i ypa.n). DTOT po,q Apo eF CHoco6eH pa3BHBaTbCn He TOJIbKO Ha 3aTO1)aX 143 ml- Luenoro Cblpb1l (KapTO(j)eJIbllb1X, 3epuOBblX, npoCA'lbIX, 113 caxaplIOl'O TpOCT- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Oco6eauocTU c6paIcu0aHUR Opeaecimix ?UdpoJlU3aTOB dpoxc3caMu 211 HHKa), Ha H IO, OBOAFO.1IbIX COKaX, (JJpyKTOBbIX TeCTax H KOHOeTHbIX Maccax, HO H Ha IICKVCCTBeuFrblx, 6ojice 6C, HbIX nHTaTeJ!bHbIX CV6CTpaTaX, KaKHMII ABJIAIOTCA JjpeBCCHbIC rIl,2poJIH3aTbI. 2. Schizosacch. Pombe, pa3BHBalomHec5i Ha r14jpojIII3aTe II BbITeCHAIOMHe H'3 6pO3F.TIbIIbIX TIalIOB aKTHBHble pacbI Sacch. cerevisiae, 9HCpnIiUllbre npoAy- ueHTbi CHHpTa. 3. Bi irecHeimc Sacch. cerevisiae H3 6po.rwJIbHbIX TIaHOB J1pO}K}KaMHI Schizosacch. Pombe o6-b5CHAeTC9 TeM, 'ITO HocJieljHne 6brcTpo noTpe6JIBIOT caxap, yCTONUHBbI K HoBbIH 01,111O}I KHCJIOTHOCTH cycJia, HMeiOT 60JIee BbICOKHi'I TeMnepaTypHblli OrITHMyM, npOJi KTbI )KH3He44eATeJIbHOCTH IiX OKa3bIBaIOT Bpe,RHOe Jjef1CTBHe Ha pa3BHTHe Sacch. cerevisiae. 4. KaK BO36yJTHTeJlb npOH3BOJjCTBeHHoro 6p0}KeHHH TOT poi Jjpoxt}Ke i o6J!ajjaeT HeKOTOpbIMH CyHjeCTBeHHbIMH HeAOCTaTKaMH: Me,3JIeHHO pa3MHO- }KaeTCH, gyBCTBHTeJIeH K H3MeHeHHAM TeXHOJIorHT.IeCKOrO pc}KHMa, FIeyCTOIITIHB npH XpaHeHHH. 6 e Ji a e B C K H i N. A. McTOabl onpeAeJIeHHH HeHHBeHTHpOBaHH0FO caxapa. FHapoJIH3Haa if JIec0xHMH4eCKacI npOMblmJIeHHOCTb, 1955, Ns 1, CTP. 30. K H p o B A. A. H JI e IH H H C K a a C. C. Bb16op pacbI Apoxcxce6 3JI5i HpOH3BOJICTBa CnopTa 8 Tenjloe BpeMB roJ(a. CnHpTOBOJIOTIHaa npoMbIHIJI., 1937, 1, cTp. 22. K o Map 0 B a JI. A. 0 npHMCHCHHH CM?emaHHbIX KyJIbTyp 1Ipoxcxce6. Tam xce. 1937, 9, crp. 15. K y A p B B U e B B. H. CHCTeMaTHKa 3poxcxceil. 1433-BO AH CCCP, 1954, crp. 339. KyAp51BII eB B. H., A r a T 0 B Fl. A. H KJI On K 0 B CK as K. H. 06 yrJ1eBOAHOM cocTaae UHBHOrO cyc.ia m 0 C6pa}KHBaHHH ACKCTpHHOB ipo)K}KaMH. MHKpo6H0JI0rxa, 1947, T. XVI, Bbin. 2, cTp. 155. K p 10 l K 0 B a A. Fl. H Cl) H HI e p II. H. C6paxcHBaHHe ApeBecHblx rHJIpoJIH3aTOB Apo)K>KaMH H3 poaa Schizosaccharomyces. rnupoJlH3HaB npoMblmJ1. CCCP, 1951, 3, cTp. 4. H e n o m 11 a u1 a s M. A. iH P y 6 a H O B H Ti A. P. Ilop'ia KOHC)eKT, BbI3BaHHaB Apo)KxKaMH. Mixpo6io.noriVHHii xcypHa.l, 1938, T. V, BbIO. 2, crp. 107. C H T H H K 0 B A. Fl. CMeCH Ap0}Kweii. CHHpTOB0A09Haa npOMblmJI., 1937, 4, Up. 13. C T a J(H H 4 e H K O M. B. K Bonpocy 0 pacnpOCTpaHCHHH up0xc)Keil 113 poaa Schizosaccha- roinyces. MiKpo6io.'orivHH6 )xvpxaii, 1940, T. VI, BbIn. 4, crp. 101. Y T e H K O B a- P a H 11 a H B. A. 0 BbIXO3C CHHPTa npH apo}K}KeBOM 6poxceHHH. MHKp06HO- JIOrHSi, 1954, T. XXIII, BbIn. 1, cTp. 64. id a JiI ~e H K 0 A. K. IIpH0HHbI nOHIIxceHHB KIHCJIOTHOCTH npH 6poxceHHH BJI0A0BbIX BFIH. Tp. LLeHTp. 6HOxHMH iecKo11 JIa6opaTOpIiH. rlHHjenpOMH3AaT, 1941, BUR. I, cTp. 92. L L e p 6 a K o B M. d>. H H O n O B a E. M. ,LLe.ixu(Hecsi 1po>KxK1 Schizosaccharomyces Mos- quen n HX npnaexenne B TexHoKe. MHKpo6HO.norHa, 1934, T. III, Bbm. 3, crp. 392. S c h u k o w J. Gahr- and Konkurenzversuche mit verschiedenen Hefe. Koch's Jahresbc richt, 1896, p. 104. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 C. 11. Bpun6epe, E. H. CypuKoea, B. A. Ceeepuu, 0. 3. rpa6oecKam u T. H. rpukloK CPABHHTEJIbHOE (DH3HOJI01'H4ECKOE HCCJ1E)JOBAHHE WTAMMOB ACTINOMYCES STREPTOMYCINI B CBA3H C BHOCHHTE30M CTPEIITOMHUHHA (BCCCOIO3HbIII Hayyiio-HCCJIeJ[OBaTC,IbCKHiI I11ICTHTYT aIITH6HOTHKOB) yBeJIH4eI-IHe IIpOMbIHIJIeHHOrO BbIHyCKa aHTH6HOTHKOB B 3Ha'IHTCJIbHOI4 CTe- HeHH ABJIfleTCH pe3yJlbTaTOM npHMCHCHIIH HOBbIX, 60Jiec aKTHBHbIX IHTaMMOB. ECTcCTBCHIIO, 'ITO H3MeiieHHH CBOHCTB npoAyueHTOB, HpoHCXOanwwIIe B npouec- CC CCJICKuHH, oco6eHHO HpH HCnOJIb3OBaHHH CnJlbHojJ.euCTByIOHiHX (~)aKTOpOB, K3Ca10TCSI He TOJIbKO HpH3HaKa aHTH6HOTHKoo6pa3OBaHH5I, HO H puJia Apyrlx (j)H3110J10FI1 CKHX, 6HOXHMHgCCKIIX, MOp(JOJIOrH4eCKHX H KyJIbTypaJlbHbIX npH311aKOB. 1103TOMy aJI51 HOJIHorO BbI5lBJIeHHH nOTeHUHaJIbI1bIX BO3MO}KIIOCTeU HOBbIX BbICOKOHpOAyKTHBHbIX WTaMMOB, B OTHOIJICHHH 06pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HO- THKa, B pace CJlyuaeB B03HHKaeT Heo6XOJIHMOCTb B H3MCHeHHH yCJIOBHH HX KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH. aJI5I BbISICHeHHH CHeUH(#)H1-IeCKHX Tpc6oBaIInu HOBbIX HITaM- MOB K yCJIOBH5IM HX KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSF BecbMa nepcneKTHBHbIM HBJIHeTCSI Me- TOJI cpaBHHTeJIbIIOrO 4)H3HOJIOrH4eCKOFO HCCJIeJIOBaHHHI, KOTOpbIH WHpOKO HpH- meimICH FIa npOTSi}KCHHH HOCJIeAHHX ACT B oTJLeJle (~H3HOJIOrHH BHHHA (MeJlbH,HxoBa H CypnxoBa, 1957; IICBHTOB, repMaHOBa n np?, 1958). B HaCTOHUiCH CTaTbe CyMMHpOBaHbI pe3yJlbTaTbl, nOJ1y4eHHble HpH (JH3HO- .-iorn4ecKoM l13ygeHHH JIB/X IlTaMMOB BHA a Act. streptomycini, KOTOpble HC- HOJlb3oBaJIHCb npH npOMbIWJIeIIHOM noJly4eHHH CTpenTOMHuHHa Ha npoTH Ke- HHH nOCJIejIIIIIX JICT, H 'npnBeJJeHa CBO, Ka 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX JJaIIHbIX, 60.aee fIOJLpo6IIO 113JION{CHIIbIX B OT,ge.lbIIb1X Coo(nieIIHHX. METOp,HKA BbIJIH HcIIOJIb3osanbl aBa IHTaMMa Act. streptomycini Kras.- B-178 H ,TIC-1 B BH)ie KyJlbTyp Ha rOpOXOBOM arape. B npouecce aamFioro HCCJIeIIoBa- HF H, npOAOJI}KaBIUCrOCA B Te4emie HecKOJIbKHX OCT, WTaMM B-178 noHH311J1 HCXOAHylO aKTHBHOCTb, B CBH3H C 4eM B HeKOTOpbIX 3KCnCpHMeHTax, HpOBO- AHBWHXCH B nOCJIe11HHH nepHoi pa60TbI, Ha6JIIoaaJICH 60JIee HH3KIIH ypOBCHb HaKonJIenuF CTpenTOMHUHHa (puc. 3 H Ta6J1. 4). OnbiTbl npOBOJiIJIHCb B KoJ16ax 3pJIeHMeIepa Ha 750 MJI Co 100 MJI cpeabl. KyJlbTypbI BbIpa1u uBaJIHCb Ha KagajIKe c 4HCJIOM 06opOTOB B 220 B MHH., 11pH TeMnepaType 27-28?. 1-loceBF1011 MaTepHaJI BblpaWHBaJICH Ha COCBOFI cpeAe (CM. Ta6JI. 1) B ABe CTaauFI: HepBax reHepaumi 3aceBaJlaCb cnopaMll H Bb1pa- (unBaJlaCb B npo>JOJI}KCHHC 72 4ac., BTOpaSi - 3aCeBa.laCb BerCTaTHBHbIM MH- ueJIHeM nepBOlI reHepauHH B KOJIH'IecTBe 2-4% H BblpaIwlBaJIaCb 48 'lac. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CnaI3HUTe11bHOe 4jlu3uoAoukecKoe uccne(3o8aHue WTani>Moe Actinomuces streptoJnycini 213 (epMeHTauHOHHble Cpe,gbl 3aCeBaJIHCb 2-4% noceBHOrO MHH,eJIHSI BTOpoc reHepaij1H. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT UeJIH 3KCnepHMeHTa B pa6oTe IICHOJIb3oBa.,'IHCb Cpe,jbl, COMB KOTOPbIX HpHBOJI,HTCST B Ta6J1. 1. FI1fOK03a . . . . . . . . . . . . FHArOJI . . . . . . . . . . . . KpaxMaJl . . . . . . . . . . . . CoeBall Myxa . . . . . . . . . . KyKypy3Hbl1'i 9KCTpaKT . . . . . fOACOJIHe9HbI}i )KMbIX . . . . . . CyJIb()aT aMMOHHH . . . . . . . . I'oc(PaT KaJIHB OAHO3aMeu(eHHbIFi XJlop 11CTb1H HaTpHFi . . . . . . . Kap6OHar Kanbumi . . . . . . . MOJIO9Han KHCJIOra . . . . . . . HHTpaT Hai pmi . . . . . . . . . Cynb(paT 2(ene3a . . . . . . . . ? MarHHH . . . . . . . . ? uHHKa . . . . . . . . . mapraHua . . . . . . . 3OJIa cOeBOl3 MyKH . . . . . . . jjja npHrOTOBneHHB yKa3aHHbIX Cpe. HcnOJlb3oBaJlacb BOAOnpOBOAHaa BOAa. ?~ IICnOnb3(;BaHHaa B pa6oTe COeBaa cpeJ{a BBJIBeTCB MOAH(pHLHpOBaHHOC1 cpeAofl KypxnoBHga (Kurylowicz H AP., 1954). ?"' HepaCTBI.pHMb(e 4aCTH COerolt MyKH nocJie CTepHJIH3aueH OT(lHJlbTpoBbIBanHCb. B pa60Te HCrOJIb3OBaJIHCb CJieAyiotgHe McTOilbI. CTpenTOMHUHH on'pe,i(e- JISIJICSi McTOJ oM )UHCpCpy3HH B arap; caxapa - Me_TO,WWM 1.1.IopJii; pH - 3JIeKT- pOMeTpHgeCKH; aMMOHHIIHbIN a30T - McTOJIOM KOHBeq HJIII OTrOHKO1 B KHC- JIOTy C HOCJICJjyiOHJIIM THTPOBaHHeM H36bITKa KHCJIOTbI; CyXOI Bee MIiUe- JIHSI - BbICyIIIHBaHIieM npH 100--105? OT(lJHJIbTpoBaHHOrO, o6pa6OTaHHoro 5%-HON COJIHHON ICHCJIOTON 11 HPOMbITOFO MnU*eJIHH. Ha cpeiie c coeBON MyKO1 3a CcIeT ee HepaCTBOpHBHIHXCSi qaCTHU Pe3yJIbTaT OnpeJjeJIeHHSI 3aBbiIJIaeTCH, B CBSI3H C YeM ,) JIH HeKOTOPbIX OHbITOB HCHOJIb- 30BaJIaCb CJHJIbTPOBBHHaB CoeBaSi epejja. q)OC1JOp onpeJ eJISIJIcH MeroJjOM KyT- THepa; }KHp - McTOJjOM FOTJIH6a - P03e; HHTeFICIIBIIOCTb ,1 bIXaHHH KyJIbTy-. PbI - HOJISIporpaCJHLICCKHM MCTOJOM (bpnH6epr H rpIIHIOK, 1957). MHKpo CKOHH4IeCKOMY HCCJIeJ10BaHHIO fO,lBepraJTHCb npenapaTbl, CpHKCHpOBaHHbIe, )KIiJ1KOCTbIO KapHya H OKpalUCHHble McTHJICHO'BON CHHbIO; MaHH0311Jj0CTpenTO MHUHH onpe,ieJIHJIcHi allTP011OBbIM McTOJjOM (CaBHUKaH H ;jp., 1955). AKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI onpejje.nHJiacb ra30MeTpIIgOCKHM McTOJi0M, no o6-beMy BbIJjeJIHBIIlerOCH KnCJIOpoJja. aJISI aHaJIH3a HCHOJIb3OBaJIHCb 5 M:I. KyAbTypaJIbHON >KHJjKOCTH, OT,E eJIeHIION OT MHUeJJHSI, B rIPHCyTCTBHH C oc(paT- Hero 6y(pcpa npH p1-1 = 7,0. OTCileTbI IIPOH3BO,L WJIHCb qepe3 3 MHH. AKTHBHOCTI> CoeBEH?? KyKypy3- HaB (Ae?B H np., 1950) )KMhIXO- Ba,, (BecenoB B AP., 1956) CHHTCTH- 4ecKa,, N9I (Ce- B(pHH H AP., 1957) CHHTFTH- vecKa, N9 2 coeBaa 4) H nbTpO- BaHHaB 2,0 1,0 1,5 2,0 0,5 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,05 0,05 0,025 0,25 0,25 0,5 0,20 0,25 0,25 0,3 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,60 0,35 0,005 0,01 0,001 0,005 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 214 C. JI. BpuH6epe, E. 11. CypuKoea H Ap. KaTaJIa3bI BblpaMKaJiacb B MHJIJIH.JIHTpaX 02 Ha 100 MJI KyJlbTypaJIbHOH >iii l- KOCTH H iia 100 sir CvXOrO Beca MHIIeJIHA. KOHTpOJIeM cJIy)KHJIa Ky.nbTypaJnb- HaH MKHAKOCTb, KHH1PICHHaH B TetleHHe 10 M'HH. OnpeAeJleIIHe HpOTCO.nHTHtieCKOIt aKTHBHOCTH IIpOH3BOAIIJIOCb HyTCM B03- JCIICTBHSi KyJlbTypa;IbHOI3 MKHJjKOCTH Ha pacinop Ka3eHHa. KyJIbTypaJlbHa l MK11,JKOCTb, OTJJeJTeHilaR OT MHIjeJIHH, B KOJIHYeCTBe 2 MJI Ao6aBJIAJIaCb K 2 ma 4%-HOrO paCTBOpa Ka3eHIIa B HpHCYTCTBHH 3 MJI (pOC(jJaTIIOrO 6y(pepa Hplt pH=7,9. IIoCJie BbIAepMKHBaHHSI cMecH B Te4eflae 3 q ac. HpH 37? 6e.nKH oca>K,jaJIHCb 5%-IIO13 TpHITXJIOpyKCyCHOI3 KHCJIOTOH IH B npo6ax onpe,ueJISIJTCSH aMHIIHbIII a30T McTOJ~OM '~ Ilona H CTHBeHCa. IIpoTeoJIHTHneCKax aKTHBHOCTb Bbtpa}KaJIacb B MH.JIJTHrpaMMax aMHHHoro a3o1'a Ha 100 M.n KyJlbTypaJIbHOII MKHJIKOCTH li ila 100 Mr CVXOrO Beca MHIjeJIHH. CpaBHHTCJIbHOe (TJI13HOJIOCHhieCKoe H3vtieHHC IHTaMMOB Act. streptomycini B-178 H )'IC-1 6bIJIO HanaTO C conOCTaBJIeHHB HX HpOAyKTHBHOCTH Ha t1eTbl- peX cpeiaX - TpCX KOMf.IeKCHbIX H OjHOH CHHTeTHgeCKOH. KyKypy3HaH, MKMbI- XOBan H CHHTeTHUeCKa5I cpemi 6b1711 Cnel(HaJIbIIO Ho,jo'6'paHbI 1031 LHTaMMa B-178. HaKonneHue empenmoMuquHa Ha pa3Hb1X cpedax MaKCKMaJIbHa9 aKTHBHOCTb, III'/'MJI WT. AC-1 I WT. B-178 KyKypy3Hai . . 900 780 CoesaH . . . . . . 2300 550 )KMbIxOBaA . . . . . 1100 700 CHHTeTw1ecKax Ng I 940 300 ,,aHIIble, IIpe. cTaBJIeHHble B Ta6JI. 2, CBH,IjeTCJIbCTByfOT O TOM, 'ITO LIITaMM JIC-1 o6pa3yCT 60JIbLHC CTpenTOMH U111a, tleM LHTaMM B-178 Ha BCeX HCHbI- TaHHbIX CpejtaX. OJIHaKO ero HpOAyKTl1BHOCTb gOCTIlraeT HaH6OJIee BbICOKOrO v poBHH JIHLHb Ha COCBOIM cpeAe. CoeBan cpcja, o6ecHegnIBaioa aH Haa6o.nee nOJinoe HpoRB.neHHe cnoco6- HOCT11 LHTHMMa AC-1 K cnHTC3y aHTH6H0TIIKa, OTJIPIgaeTCH OT OCTaJIbIIbIX cpe;j KaK HO IICTOIIHHKy opraIIHLIeCKOro a30Ta H erO KOJIHtleCTBy, TaK H no HC'r0t1HIIKy yrJlepo,aa. U09TOMy B CJIe,JyIOHUHX 3KCnepH.MeHTaX H3ytiaJTHCb nOTpe6HOCTH o6oax LHTaMMOB B HCT0TIHHKaX a30Ta H yrJlepoLa. IIpH I13ygeHHH HCTO'-IHHKOB a30Ta AJIH 06oHX IHTaMMOB 6bIJIO noKa3aHO, 'ITO ypOBelib lIaKOHJIeHHSI CTpeHTOMHUHHa B cpeAe 3HatIHTeJIbHO nOBbIIIIaeTCH npu HaJIHtiaa JI'BYX HCTO'-IHHKO'B a30THCTOF0 nFTaHHH: MHHepaJIbHOrO a30Ta B (f)oPMe CO.nH IMMOHH51 H opraHHtiecxoro (BpaH6epr Hap., 1955). OTHoLHe- HHe HITaMMOB K (])opMe opraHaileCKOro a30Ta OKa3aJIOCb pe3KO pa3JIHIIHbIM. CyHjeCTBOBaHHe 3TOPO pa3JIH'tIH3q MOMKHO 6bIJIO HpeAnOJIOMKHTb Ha OCHOBaHH11 nepn ix OHbITOB, KOrja LHTaMM B-178 06pa3oBbIBa.7I 60JIbLue BCero cTpenTO- MHLIHHa Ha CpeAe C KyKypy3I1bIM BKCTpaKTOM, B KOTOpOM a30T HaXOJIHTCSI npeaMyuIeCTBeHHO B (popMe HpOJ1 KTOB rHApOJI143a 6eJIKa (CMeCb aMHHOKHC- .IOT), B TO BpCMSI KaK LHTaMM .TIC-1 o6JfaAaJi HaHBbICLHeI-I HpOAyKTHBHOCTbIO ,ia cpejZe_ c coelf, rAe oprallaneCKHII a90T B OCHOBHOM HaXOAHTCH B ())OpMe Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CpooHUrenbHoe pu3uom,2wi-,ctcoe ucc,tedoacrHue urra,tl,vloe Actinomyces streptomycini 215 COCBOro 6eJIKa - rJIIIL(HHHHa. `1TO6bI HCKJIIOgHTb B03M0?KHOe BJIHHHHe OCTaJIb- HbIX BCHjCCTB, BXO,1HI11HX B COCTaB COeB'OI'I MyKH H KyKypy3HOro 3KCTpaKTa, gaJ1bHe1HIHe 3KCHepHMeHTbI HPOBOAHJIHCb C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM Bbl,geJIeHHorO H3 COB 6eJIKa - rJIHijHHHHa - H ero KHCJIOTHOFO H CpepMeHTaTHBHOPO FII,jPOJIH- 3aTa. B 9THX BKCHepHMeHTax vKa3aHHoe pa3JI14YHe HOJ[TBepTIHJIOCb (Tpa6oB- CKaH, 1957). Ta6nHua 3 BAuRHue QJOpMbt opeaHu' ecrcoeo a3oma Ha o6pa3oeanue cmpenmw1u14una (octOenou 0on - cunmemu'iecKan cpe(9a N 2) IiCT0gHHK opraHHgCCKOrO a30Ta rJIHUHHHH . . . . . . . (DepMeHTaTHBHbIFI rHApO- JIH3aT rJIHBHHHHa . . . KHCJIOTHbIft rtiAPOJIH3aT rJIHUHHHHa . . . . . . KOHTpoJIb, 6e3 opraHH- uecKoro a30Ta . . . . . CoeBaH Myxa . . . . . Ma KCHM a JIb H as aKTHBHOCTb, ? rIM J1 WT. B- 173 280 200 515 1480 ?r/Mr LUT.B- 178 HIT. B-178 I WT. AC-I O6a LUTBMMa Xoponio paCTyT KaK Ha 6e:IKe, TaK 11 Ha CPO rH,gpOJI113aTe E.0 BCCX HCIIbIT'aHHbIX KO,HueHTpaJ HSIX (30, 60, 120 Mr?%p B HepecIIeTe Ha a30'T). OJjHaKo XapaKTep 6HoxHMHtIecKHX H3MeHCHHII B cpeje H CHIITe3 aHTB61IOTHKa onpeJ e.ialoTCR (~OpMO1i OpraHH'Iecxoro a30Ta. TaK, a.Ti5i LIITaMMa B-178 6e- .IOK HBJISiCTCSI He6JIarOHpIHHTHbIM HCTOLIHHKOM a30Ta, OcO6eHH0 HpH BbICOKOi'f ero KOHueHTpauHH B cpe,je. B 9THX CJIyTIafx HpoHCXOj14T BbI,ge:IeHHe B CpeJjy aMMHaKa, BbI3blBaiowerO HOBbIHIeHHe pH. BO Beex IICHbITaHHbIX KOHUeHTpa- H119X rH,gpOJIH33T 3HaIIlTC.TIbHO YBeJIHI-IHBaeT aKTHBHOCTb KyJIbTypaJIbHo1 ?KHJ[- KOCTH H HPOJI KTHBHOCTb MHHeJIHSI. HpH HCHOJIb3OBBHHH LLFFaMma TIC-1 Bee IICnbITaHnble KOHUellTpaUHH 6eJIKa yBeJIHgHBaJIH HaKOHJIeHHe aHTH611OTHKa 11 HPOJI.yKTHBHOCTb MHue.TIHSI. FII,gpOJIH3aT ?Ke 06bILIHO B BbICOKHX KOHUeHTpa- Ij1I5FX BbI3bIBaJI HO1g1ICeJIatIHBaHHe Cpe,jbI H CO3JjaBa.TI He6JIaronpHSITHbie JjJiSi CIIIITC3a CTpCHTOMHI[HIIa )' CJIOBHSI. B Ta6.TI. 3 HpHBOJ HTCSl pe3yJIbTaTbI HeKOTopb1X OHbITOB H3 3TO}i CepHH, B KOTOpbIX OpraHo HeCKHH a30T BB0;1MJ1Cft B KOJIH'-IeCTBe 60 Mr%. 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B03MO?KHO, LITO OTJIHHHe B OTHOIIICHHH IHTaMMOB B-178 H JIC-1 K (IJopMC opraHH9eCKOro a30Ta CB93aHO C OHHCaHHbIM HH?Ke pa3JIHgHeM B TeMHe pOCTa H pa3B'IITHSI 3THX HITaMMOB: Y HITaMMa B-178, o611agaioniero 6bICTpbIM Tem- HOM POCTa H pa3BIITHSI, 6HOCHHTe3 CTHMyJIHpyeTCSI JIeFKO yCBOSieMbIM rH4po- .1H30BaHHbIM 6C.,1KOM, a Jl)IH IiITBMMa TIC-1, c 60JIee MCJjJICHHbIM TCMHOM pOCTa, 6JIarOHpusTeH Tpy,2HO Mo6HJIH3yeMbII3 HCTOtIHHK a30Ta - 6eiIOK. flpIi MIIKpoCKOHHLICCKOM H3y1-IeHHH 6bIJI0 VCTaHOBJIeHO, LITO pa3BHTHe KyJIb- Typ HITaMMa JIC-1 IIa cpe,Tjax c PHjLpO.1113aTOM H HITaMMa B-178 IIa cpejjax Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 c 6CJIKOM xapaKTepH3yerCSi cJ a6ofi Lw JcpepeIIulauHeI HJIa3Mibl, oTCyTCTBHeM HAepHbIX CTpyKTyp Li 3HatiHTeJIbHbIM Co ep}KaHHeM BOJIIOTHHa. IZPH 113ytieHHH HCTOLIHHKOB yrJlepoj a CYLUCCTBeHHO 6bIJiO BbISiCHHTb, HMeeTCSI JIH Y LHTaMMOB cneuii jltieCKaH HOTpe6HOCTb B TOM HJIH HHOM HCTOtI- HHKe yFJICPOAHCTOFO HHTaHHSI. B OnbITaX Hap51Ay C TCXHHLICCKHMH npOAyK- TaMH - rHJjpOJIOM, HPCJjCTaBJISIIOLWIM co6oil MaTO'LHbIIi paCTBOp nPH KPHCTaJI- JI113a11HII FJIIOKO3bI, McJIaccoii, naTOKoil, Kpax auto m MaHCOBbIM caxapo - HCHOJIb3OBaJIHCb TaK}Ke H HeKO- T a 6 n iiu a 4 TOpbIC 1 HCTble caxapa. LITO6b1 B,iUXXHUe ucmoeHuKa yenepoc)a Ha o6pa3oealiue HCKJIIOtIH'rb BJIHAHHC caxapoB, cmpenrno.ruuuHa Co,je,p}KaIU14XC51 B coeBOII Myxe, OHbITbI C t-IICTb1Mr1 caxapamn IICTOUHHK KOnHVI CTrO (Tp~ HTOMnuMHa, ,tr/Mn HPO,B,OjHJ1FICb Ha CHHTCTHtle- yrn` POAa wT, J1C-1 WT. B-178 CKOli C PC;je, a HCnbiTaiiHe Tex- CoeBaa cpeAa Boil cpeJje, HpHMeHITeMOIl B MaurnRhi0 caxan I n'pOMbIHInCHHOCTH. I'ICnbITblBa- (Texiiu9eCKaa ~inL.n Wlc,u,yfvuync %-aAara. rJlK)K03a) . . . 2200 290 J103a KaK HPCThCTBBHTeJIb neH- rnepon . . . . . 2000 480 T03, reKCO3bI - FJIIOKO3a H ra- KpaxMa.n . . . . 660 345 uaKT03a, AHCaXapHJjbl - MaJIb- Me.nacca . . . 400 - T03a, IIaKT03a m Caxapo3a. Ilmiia . . . 1250 - Pe3yJIbTaTbl OHbITOB, npeA- FHApon + KpaxMan 1250 445 CTaBJIeIIIIbIX B Ta6JI. 4, nOKa- I-J11oK03a + Kpax- 3bIBaIOT, 'ITO 'y LUTaMMOB o6Ha- Ma.n . . . 1000 270 PYxHBaeTc i CneUH(jHtiecxa5i CHIiTeTx,Iecxas cpeAa IOTpC6HOCTb B HCTOtIHHKaX yr rJlrOK03a . . 970 300 ,iepOJ Horo HHTaHHB. 113 Hcnb1- ra.naKT03a . . 495 315 TbIBaBLUHXCH yrJIeBoTOB JIHLHb KcNno3a . . . 3a 290 146 150 5 rJIIOKO3a H rHJjpoJi noAAep}ICH-- BaIOT o6pa3o,BalIIe cTpenroMu- CaxaP o3a . . . . xa 305 5 I[HHa Ha BbICOKOM ypOBHe npH MaJIbT03a 810 290 c epMe,HTajH . IHTaMMa AC-1 Ha COeBOH Cpez e. 3Hat;HTeJlbuo 6oJIee HH3KH13 BbIXOJj CTperTo MHuHHa Ha6JIIOjaeTCB npH npFMeHeHIIH IIaTOKH, Kpax auia 11, B OCO6CHIiOCTII, MeuiaCCbl. B UOCJICAHCM cuiytiae fOHH}KeHHblfi 6HOCHHTC3 CTpe.HTOMHHHHa o6yc- JIOBJIeH, HO-BHAHMOMy, IIeJjOCTaTOtIHbIM pa3BHTHeM 6HOMaCCbi ~H paHHHM nO t- IljeJiatiHBaHHeM KyubTypaJIbi-IOIf }KHAKOCTH. ECJIH JJ1H LHTaMMa .TIC-1 ruIIOKO3a H FHAPOJI 51BJIAIOTC51 HOtiTH paBHOIjeH- IIbIMH HCTOtIHHKaMH yrulepoi.a, TO JaJIA LHTaMMa B-178 nPHCYTCTBHe B cpeAe rHJjpoula B 6oJlbluef CTeneHH CTHMyJIHpyeT o6pa3OBa1-IHe CTpenTOMHh]HHa, tie.m r.lnloxo3a. KoM6HHaUH51 rHJjpOJia C KpaXMaJiom H O,LHH Kpax aJi o6eCnetlH- BaiOT Tax}Ke 60JIbIHHN BbIXOJj aHTH6HOrHxa no cpaBHeHHIO C FJIIOK03011 Y IHTaMMa B-178. LITO KacaeTCF A1iCaxapIIJTOB, TO AJ151 o6pa3OBaHH51 CTpeHTOMHUxna npH (pepMCHTauHH Ha CHHTeTH4CCKOi'I cpej e MaJIbTO3a oKa3aJlacb HaH6OJiee noJl- XOAHLLjHM yFJIeBOJjOM no CPaBHeHOHIO C caxap030ii n JIaKTO30H. CpaBHCHHO caxapoB (reKC03bI - raJIaKT03bI H HeHTO3bI - KCIIJIO3bI) HoKa3bIBaeT, i-ITO KCHJI03a 5IBJIHeTCSI XyAIIIHM HCTOtIHHKOM yruepo,ja Jj75i cpepMeHTaUHH CTpellTO- MIIUHIia y o6oHx LHTaMMOB (bpllH6epr H Ap., 1955). Pa3Hble LHTaMMbI MOFYT OTJIHt1aTbCH TaK}Ke pa3J1I1tIHbIM OTHOIHeHIIeM K (poc(popy. B 3aBHCHMOCT'!H OT npHCyTCTBIIST COOTBCTCTBYIOII1HX (pepMeHTHbIX CHCTCM IICKOTOpble MHKpOOpraHIH3MbI CHOCO6HbI yCBalBaTb OpraHHcleCKHH CBH- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CpaeHVTeAbHOe yb+uauonoeu'iecKoe uccnedOCaHue WTa.OIMOB Actinonlyces strentonzycini 217 3aHHbIii (poc op, ,rLpyrne Hy}KZjaIOTCSI B HaJIH4HH B cpeue paCTBOpeHHOrO MH- HepaJlbHoro clocckopa. B HaLHMX 3KCnepHMeHTax (pociJop ao6aBJI51JICH K (~HJIbTpoBaHHoIi coeBON cpej(e B BHjje c oc(])aTa KajinA, cl,oc(para KaJIbuHSI HJIH (JHTHHa (OCHOBHaH (popMa (poc(opa B COeBOFI MyKe). KaK BHJ(HO H3 pHC. 1, 3aMeHa OpTO(pOCgJaTa (JHTHHOM pe3KO orpaHHBFBaeT JOCT KyJIbTypbI, HOTpe6- .IIeHHe HHTaTeJIbHbIX BeIL(ecTB CpeJ(b1 H CHHTe3 BHTH6HOTHKa y O60HX HITaMMOB. TaKHe xce pe3yJlbTaTbi 6bIJIH noJIy4eHbl npH BBe(eHHH HepaCTBOpHMoro (poc- (PaTa KaJIbIW H. fIoTpe6JIeHIIe ()oc(Jopa Ha4HHaJIOCb B nepBbie }Ke 4acbl pocTa SpeAI.R , vacbl L I 1 I I ,\. I I - -? 24 48 72 96 120 24 46 72 96 120 24 48 72 96 120' PHC. 1. BJIHHHHe (popMbl occpopa Ha npouecc cpepMeHTauuH. Cpeaa coeBan Han. CoeuHHenno C4oc4 opa ao6aBJI2JIHCb B KOJIH4eCTBe, 3KBHBaJIeHTHOM 6 MI' A - HIT. JIC-I: B- HIT. B-178: 1 - KH2PO4: 2- ()HTHH. (pHJIbTpOBaH- % cpoc(popa: Ky)IbTypbI H Ha cOeBOii cpeae npaKTH4ecKH 3aKaHgHBaJIOCb K 24 liac. (jJepMeH- TauHH. B KOHL(e npouecca Ha6JI10JjaJloCb Bblj(eJIeHHe He6oJIbwIHX KOJIH4eCTB (poc~opa B cpeAy. KoHI(eHTpaLWH MHHepaJlbxoro (Joc j opa B cpege CyuL ecTBeHHO BJIHAeT Ha pOCT H pa3BHTHe KyJlbTypbI H Ha CHHTe3 CTpenTOMnulHa, npH4eM npeaeJi H3MeHeHH9 KOHL(eHTpauFr, OHTHMaJIbHbIX JjAA pOCTa KyJlbTypbl, 3Ha4HTeJIbHO LHHpe, 4eM j(Jii 6nOCHHTe3a aHTH6HOTHKa (Garner a. Koffier, 1953; Cypnxona, 1954). fIpH He,BocTaTKe ()OCCpopa Bee MHL(eJIHH CHHJKaeTCA, OII COAep}KHT McHbLHe_ (1JOC(popa, rH(JbI OTJIH4aIOTCH HH3KOH 6a3O(pnJIHef H MaJ ofi cnoco6- HOCTbIO K CHHTe3y CTpeHTOMHL(HHa. MHL(eJIaf, BbIpaL1(eHHbIfI npn H36bITKe' (JOC Jopa, He OTJIH4aHCb no CBOHM 6HOXHMH4eCKHM H BHTOXHMH4eCKHM no- Ka3aTCJIAM OT HopMaJIbHOro, TaK}Ke ABJIAeTCH McHee HpOJIyKTHBHbIM. OHTHMaJIbHaH KOHL(eHTpaUHSi (joc()opa j(JIA CHHTe3a CTpe1TOMHL(HHa B H3BeCTHON MCC 3aBHCHT OT COCTaBa (pepMeHTauHOHHOfi Cpe, bI H Ha coeBOi%I cpej(e cOCTaBJIAeT OKOJIO 10 Mr % jjJiA o6oHx IITaMMOB ( BpIHH6epr if Fpa6oB- cxaA, 1958). KaK V}K OTMegaJIOCb palIee, II3y4aeMbie LHTaMMbI o6pa3OBbIBaJIH pa3HbLe KOJIH4ecTBa CTpeIITOMHIHHa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTaBa npHMeHAeMoc cpelbl. 1 \2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B CBH3H C BTHM HFITepeCHO COHOCTaBHTb jHHaMIIKy HaKOUJIeHHB CTpeHTO- MHILHHa, H3MeIIGHHH Boca MHILeJIHII, nOTpe6JIeHHH a3OTa m yrJ[eBOJOB npH (1)ePMeHTauHH Ha COCBOH H KyKypy3HOM Cpe,aX (CypnKoBa, 1955). KaK BHAHO 143 aaIIIIbIX, npeuCTaBJIeIiHbIX Ha pnc. 2, LHTaMM JIC-1 npH (4epMeHTaILHH Ha COe'BOH {P}HJIbTpOBaHHOH CpeAe OTJIHgaeTCSl OT LHTaMMa B-178 tie TOJIbKO crioco6HOCTbIO K 6oiiee HHTeHCHBHOMy 6HOCHHTe3y CTpenTO- MHUHHa, HO TaK)Ke CKOpOCTbIO HaKOHJIeHHH 6HOMaccbI H HOTpe6JIeHH5I nHTa- TCJIbHbIX BeLUeCTB. ECJ1H AJIH IIITaMMa JIC-1 - aKTHBHOI'O npo4yUeHTa CTpen- TOMHI),HHa - XapaKTepeH 3aMeAJIeHHbIH TCMH pOCTa (MaKCHMaJIbHbIH Bec 200 150 100 24 48 72 96720 8/Jen4A, /OCb/ 4 X1000 600 200 PHC. 2. O6pa3OBaHHe CTpeIITOMHI(HHa H H3MeHeHHSI B CpeAe HpH cpepMeHTaUHH Ha COCBOH cpe/1c: I - WT. JIC-I; 2 - WT. B-178. MHILeJIHH K 72 LIac. (1)epMeHTaLLHH), TO IIITaMMy B-178 CBOHCTBeHHbI yclIJIeH- Ilbili TeMH pOCTa, BblpaN{aIOILLHHCSI B MaKCHMaJIbIIOM HaKOHJIeHHH 6noMaccbI K 48 uaC. KyJIbTHBHpOBaH'IR, H 3Heprmq iioe HOTpe6JIeIIne nHTaTCJibHbIX Be- IILeCTB. YCHJIeHHbIH TeMH pOCTa MITaMMa B-178 ConpoBo>KAaeTCSI 6bICTpbIM nepeXOJOM K CTaJHH aBTOJIH3a. BHOCHHTe3 cTpen'roMHILHHa Ha coe'BOH cpe .e 7IPHMCPIIO B TpH pa3a Bbllile y IllTaMMa JIC 1 meM y lITaMMa B-178. TaKHM o6pa3oM, H3y4aeMble IHTaMMbI HpH (pepMeHTaILHH Ha coeBOH CpeAe OTJIHgIaIOT- CSI >KII3HeHHbIM LLHKJIOM pa3BHTHSI: AJIA OAHOTO (AC-1) 3TOT UFIKJI 6oJiee npo- AOJI>K'HTeJIeH B CBH3H C 3aMe,AJICHHbIM pOCTOM H pa3BHTHeM, AJIH Apyroro (B-178) - 3Ha 4HTCJIbHO KOpOqe, TaK KaK opraHH3M 6bICTpee pa3BHBaeTCSI, paHbwe 3aKaHgHBaeT CBOH UIIKJI pa3BHTH5I H nepeXOJHT K aBTOJIH3y, B TO BpeMSI KaK Y LHTaMMa JIC-1 aBTOJIH3 HaCTynaeT n03N{e. fIpH (~epMeHTauHH Ha KyKypy3HOI-I CpeAe yKa3aHHbIX pa3JIHT1HH o6Hapy- N{HTb HaM He yAaJIOCb, XOTS[ 6HOCHHTe3 CTpeHTOMHLLHHa H B 3TOM cJly4ae I[CCKOJIbI O BbIIHe Y IHTaMMa AC-1. B03MO KHO, 1ITO pa3JIHLIHbIH TeMn pa3BH- THH IIa COeBOH CpeAe, KaK yKa3bIBaJIOCb BbILne, o6yC.JIOBJIeH pa3HbIM OTHOHIe- HHCM IHTaMMOB K HCTOgHHKV a30Ta. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 'Cpa8nureAbHOe iPuauonoeueecxoe ucclledoeauue uaTaJMoe Actinomyces streptomycini 219 AeTaJIbHoe H3yLIeHHe MopcpoJIorkgeCKHX H3MCHeHHI3 B KyJlbTypaX yKa3aH- HbIX HITaMMOB, HpOBeJIeHHoe 1-1pOKOCpbeBOll-BeJIbrOBCKOIi, CorJIaCyeTCq c Ha- IHHMH Ha6./IIOJjeHHSIMH. OAHHM 143 noKa3aTeJIeII, XapaKTepH3yIOHZHX pa3BHTHe KyJIbTypbI, HBJIBeT- CH HHTeHCHBHOCTb JjbIXaHHH MHueJIHH1. DTa BeJIHLIHHa 06bILIHO BbIpaxcaeTCH B BHJIe KOJI'HLIeCTBa KHcJlopoua (B MM3), noTpe6JIHIeMoro I Mr MHIjeJIIIHI 3a I LFac (Q.2). I7pH BbIparuaBaHHH Ha coeBOI3 cpejje CyXO1i Bee MHIjeJIHH onpeAe0IHTb TOLIHO He yJjaeTCHI, B CBHI3H C LICM HPHXOAHTCH paCCLInTbIBaTb HOTpe6JIeHHe KHC.nopojja Ha eAHHHuy ofteMa KyJlbTypaJIbHOII HJXOCTH H Bblpa)caTb B BHJje Vo, - Mr 02 JI/MHH. CWTBeTCTByIOHjIIe JjaHHble J11IHI 060HX JUTaMMOB npeJjcTaBJIeHbI B Ta6J1. 5. Tab JIHua I-IHmeHCU6XOCmb dbixaFiw u[mammoe B-178 u JIC-1 Ha pa3Hblx cpedax 'CoeBa1 . . . . . . . . . D KYKypy3Hafl . . . . . , , Q0, He Bbi mc.TiHJ1oCb. JIC-I B-178 JIG-1 B-178 40 I 64 I 88 I 112 CKOpOCTb HOTPf6JI'HHB 02-V02 Mr 021JI B M14HYTY 4,2 5,4 1,4 2,1 6,5 6,5 2,0 1,8 2,4 2,4 1,1 1,4 2.2 1,9 1,3 1,4 40 I 64 I 88 HHTeIICHBHOCTb 3b!xa- FIHB Q,2 MM' MC B 4ac ~ 19 27,5 24,5 26,0 M3 JIaHHbIX Ta6Ji. 5 cJleAyeT, LITO MaKCHMaJIbHaB CKOpoCTb HoTpe6JIeH}51 KncJIOpo,1a y o60IIX IIITBMMOB OJIHHaKOBa, OJIHaKO Y HITaMMa B-178 MaKCH- MyM JIbIXaHII51 Ha6JIJOJIaeTC5I Ha CYTKH paHbwwe. CJIeJ1yeT OTMeTHTb, LITO CKO- pOCTb HOTpe6JIeHHH KHCJIOpOUa o6oHMH HITaMMaMB Ha COeBOII CpeJje 3HaLIH- TeJIbHO Bbimme, 4eM Ha KyKypy3H013. IIpH 6HOCHHTe3e aHTH6HOTHKOB B CBHI314 c aBpauHec iH pa3MelHHBaHHeM cpeubl BCerjja Ha6JIFo,gaeTCH 3HagHTeJIbHoe BCHeHHBaHHe. B KaLIeCTBe HeHO- raCHTeJIeN , o IIaCTOHIIjero BpeMeHH HCIOJIb3y10TcH MaCJIa H }KHpbI, KOTOpble OJIHOBpeMCHHO 51BJIA10TCHI HCTOLIHHKa NiH vrJIepoJja (Perlman, 1952). KoJiHUe- CTBO MacJIa, 3aTpa4HBaCMOrO Ha HeHOrameHHe, HOCTHraeT 0,5%, COeBa8i cpeJja, KpOMe TOrO, BKJIIOLIaeT OKOJIO 0,3% coeBOro MaCJia, cojjep}Kan erOCHI B Coe- BON MyKe. B HanIrx 3KCHepHMeHTaX CorIocTaBJIeHHe HITaMMOB HpOH3BOJZH- .'IOCb Ha cpeAaX C pa3JIHgHbIM coaep?KaFIHeM MacJIa: 1) Ha cpeae, He couep Kawej MacJIa (n3 o6e3}KHpeHHOli coeBOiI MyKH); 2) Ha cpejje, co4ep3Kamell 0,3 % MacJla (143 Heo6e3?KnpeHHOIi coeaOH MYKI); 3) Ha cpejie, co,uepKameli 0,8% Mac is (1143 Heo6e3}KnpeiHOl[ coesof MyKH c ao6aBJieHHeM 0,5% MacJla). fIOJIy'eHHbie pe3yJlbTaTbI HpeJICTaBJIeHbI Ha pHe. 3. H3 xojja KpHBbIX ejie- jyeT, LITO MaCJIO aKTHBHO BJIHHeT Ha XoA npouecca CpepMeHTafIHH o6OHX IHTaMMOB. HajiFLlHe B cpe,'je MaCJia CH0006CTByeT 3HaLIHTeJIbHOMy yBeJIH9eHH}O Beca 6HOMaccbi H COOTBeTCTBeHHO - 6oJiee HHTeHCHBHOMy n0Tpe6JIeHH1o aMMOHHl HOro a30Ta. 1-10Tpe6JieHHe yrJieBOJIOB npH BBeJjeHHH B cpeJjy Macjla 3aMeJIJI5IeTC5T, LITO CB5I3aFIO C HCHOJIb3OBaHHeM MaceJ1 B KageCTBe HCTOLIHHKa yFJlepoJa. CJIeJIOBaTeJIbHO, Jjo6aBJIeHHeM MaCJIa MO}KHO B H3BeCTHON Mepe ,perVJIHpOBaTb XOA pa3BHTH5I KyJIbTypbI H CKOpOCTb nOTpe6.ReHHHI OCTaJIbHbIX Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 220 C. JI. Bpun6epz, E. H. Cypukoea H ap. p O O Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CpaBKUreJzbuOe t/ 3uoAOewlecKoe uccnedoeaxue UiTaAlxoa Actinomyces strentomycini 221 KOMHOHeHTOB CpejbI. CKOpOCTb noTpe6JIeHHH Maciia y LHTaMMa B-178 no ,CpaBHeHHK) Co LHTaMMOM AC-i HH}Ke, HeCMOTpH Ha 6oJiee 6bICTpOe HCIIOJIb3O- BaHHe OCTaJIbHbIX IIHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLueCTB. TaK}Ke rlo-pa3HOMy BJIHHeT ,Lo6aB- JneHHe MHCJIa Ha CIIHTe3 aHTH6HOTHKa (pHC. 3). ,LJISi uITavMa J1C-1 HaJiutIHe B Cpe,ae 0,3% MaCJIa fOBbIlllaeT HpOJIVKTHBIIO?CTb Cpe (bI, a AOIIOJIHHTeJIbHoe BBe.geHne eLue 0,5% CHH}KaeT KaK YPGB2Hb HaKOHJIe'HHR aHTH6IIOTHKOB, TaK H CKOpOCTb Pro o6pa30BaHHR. aAR LHTaMMa B-178 npHCyTCTBHe MaCJIa TOpMO- 3HJIO npon,ecc 6HOCHHTe3a CTpeHTOMHUHHa HpOHOpIjHOHaJIbHO KOHLjeHTpaUHH Macna. Z R) 100 .150 24 48 7296120 090 1\ V I \ 1000 1 `' 800 24 48 7296720 24 48 72 96120 24 48 72 ,96120 BpeM., VaCbl PHC. 4. H3MeneHHe aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJla3bl H o6pa3oBaHHe CTpEnTO- MHL[HHa B npoi(ecce (pepMeHTauuU A - coeaaa cpeAa; B - Kyxypy3na5i cpeaa; I - HIT. JIC-1; 2 - HIT. B-178. YtMTb1Ba5i OCO6eHHOCTH B pOCTe, pa3BHTHH H BpeMeiu HaCTyLIBIeHIIR aBTO- JI43a, HHTepeCHO 6blJIO H3ytIHTb H H3MeHeHHe npOTeoJIHTHtleCKoI7 aKTHBHOCTH, a i?a o+ce aKTHBHOCTH KaTa.Ia3bI B npouecce (lJepMeHTaurH HITaMMOB B CB513H c o6pa3OBaHHeM CTpeHTOMHUHHa. 3a riocjieuHee BpeMR BOHPOCY H3ytIeHH5I CBOIICTB HPCTCOJIHTHt1eCKHX (pepMeHTOB, a TaK>Ke H3ytleHH1o aKTHBHOCTH Ka- TaJIa3bI Y LIITaMMOB Hpo,lyue}ITOB CTpen'rOMHuHIIa y,1eJIReTCH MHOI'O BHHMa- HHR (Kovacs a. Matkovics, 1957; BeJlo3epCKHA H Jip., 1954; Chaloupka, 1956; Simon, 1955). OnbITb1 nO H3y1IeHHIO HPOTeOBHTHLieCKOl3 H KaTaJ1a3Ho1i aKTHB- HOCTH npOBO2HJIHCb npH HCHOJIb3OBaHHH (f UJIbTpOBaHIION coeBOI'I H KyKypy3- HOFi cpe,ubl. Pe3yJIbTaTbI, npej[CTaBJIeHHbie Ha pHC. 4, H03BOJIHIOT YCTaL1OBHTb onpeue.ieHHyio 3aKO11OMepHOCTb B JI.HHaMHKe aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJia3bI B CB513H C POCTOM H pa3BHTHeM opraHH3Ma. AKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI KyAbTypaJIbHOH }KHJIKOCTH, He3HaMITeJIbHaR B (Ja3e pOCTa OpraHH3Ma (48 LIaC.), pe3KO no- BbILHaeTCH B MOMeHT HHTeHCHBHOrO 06pa30BaHHR CTpeFTOMHWIHa, a 3aTeM, KOrua KOJIHLIeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa .aoCTHraeT CBoero MaRcUMVMa, nauaeT. OT- Me'eHHaH 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B aKTHBHOCTH KaTaJIa3bI Ha6JIJoaaeTCH npH (~ep- McHTaUHH Ha o6eHx cpe,2ax. Pe3ynbTaTbl HaIHHX O;TbITOB LIOJIHOCTb}0 cOrJla- CyIOTCR C UaHHbIMH aBTOpOB (Kovacs a. Matkovics, 1957), VCTaHOBHBLHHX n0Ro6HyIO CB23b Me}KJjy aKTHBHOCTbJO KaTaJla3bl m o6pa30BamieM cTpenTO- MHIZHHa HOBepXHOCTHOII KyJlbTypOIT Str. griseus (CypUKoBa, 1955). IT J 0 m1200 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb, T-ITO IHTaMMy TIC-1, o6JIaAaIoII eMy nOBbII IeHHOIi CHO- CO6HOCTbIO K 6HOCHHTe3y cTpenTOMHUnna, CBOHCTBeHHa 6oJlee BbICOKaBI aK- THBIIOCTb KaTaJIa3bI na npOTH)KCHHH BCCFO npoi ccca (pepMeHTauII no CpaBHe- HHIO CO IUTaMMOM B-178, OCOOCHHO Ha coeBOa Cpeue, rje MaKCHMaJIbHax aKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bl COCTaBJIReT 330 MJI 02 y HITaMMa ,TIC-1 H 60 MJI 02 y IHTaMMa B-178 B MOMCI4T HHTCHCHBHOrO O6pa3OBaHHIi aHTH6HOTHKa. TaKHM o6pa3.OM, aKTHBHOCTb KaTaJIa3bI CBB3aHa C WIKJIOM pa3BHTHSi opraHH3Ma l3 3aBHCHT OT HITaMMa H COCTaBa npMMeHAeMOH CpeJkbl. 800 / N 400 ~ /"r/ \1 - Z3 24 487296120 6 I Z 1 a 24 48 72 96120 Z4 46 YZ YO Iau BpeMA , UaCbl r 1200 Puc. 5. 143MeHeHHe HpOTeOJIHTH4eCKOH aKTHBHOCTFI H 06p23OBaHHe CTPCHTOMHUFIHa B npogecce (pepMeHTaUHH. YCJIOBHble o603Ha4eHII9 Te 3Ke, 4TO Ha pHC. 4. 1/I3ylleHHe npoTC0.)'IHTWLIeCK0I3 aKT'HBHOCTH KyJlbTypaJIbHOH )KHJKOCTH B npouecce gJepMeI[TauHH nOKa3aJI0, LITO noCJIeAHH9 II3MeHHeTCA no Mepe pOCTa H pa3BHTHR opraHH3Ma (pnc. 5). B nepnoA HHTeIICHBHOFO pocTa opraHH3Ma Ha COe'BOF cpeac HpOT'eO.7IHTH- =ICCKaII aKTIBHOCTb nOCTenCHHO noBbllllaeTCH, 3aTeM najlaeT B (pa3e 06pa30- BaHHH aHTn6H0Tnxa, B la.IbHeHIHeM nol-beM npoTeoJInTnLIecxoI3 aKTJBHOCTH o6ycJIOBJICH, BCpOATIIO, HacTynJIeHHeM aBTO.nn3a. Oco6bIX pa3JIHLIni B Hp0TeOJIHTH'Ie'CK0H aKTHBIIOCTH KyulbTypauIbHOI3 }K14J[- KOCTH Y H4THMMOB nPM (4epMeHTaUHH Ha COCBOH H KyKypy3HOH cpeJlax He Ha6Jno.aaeTCH. OAHaKo np'OTeouIHTHLIecKaH aKTnBIIOCTb B nepecLleTe Ha eAH- HHIIy Beca MIIUCJIHB BbIIHC Y HITaMMa AC-1 B nepHOA pOCTa MnueuIHSi (48 mac.), y IHTaMMa B-178 - B MOMCHT a'BTOJIH3a (CypHKOBa H PyAaKOBa, 1958). B npouccce(JepMeHTauHH HpOHCXOAHT o6pa3oBaHHe aBYX THROB CTpenTO- MHHHHa - CTpeHTOMHIlnHa A H CTpCRTOMIIIHHa B HJIH MaHH03HA0CTpenT0- MHUHHa. ITOCJICAHIH TepaneBTHLIeCKH 31IagHTeJIbH0 McHee UeHHbII, TaK KaK er0 aKTHBHOCTb HOLITH B LIeTbIPC pa3a HI}Ke, tleM CTpenTOMIIZHHa A, H ero npHCyTCTBHe B JleKapCTBCIIHbIX npenapaTax CHH}KaeT Ka,ieCTBO HOCJIeAHHX. ,aH1Ible, nOJIy'ICHHble npH COnOCTaBJleHHH npoueHTHOro COAep>KaI-IHB MafIHo- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Cpa6HUTe,zbnoe ?u3uouioeukecKOe UCCledosaHue wTaMMos Actinomyces streptomycini 223 3HJIOCTpenTOMHUHHa, npH (pepMeHTaIjHH Ha KyKypy3HOli It CHHTCTHTIeCKOi-I Cpe,jaX o6oax IHTaMMOB, npe, cTaBJIeHbI B Ta6JI. 6. Ta6:iHua 6 O6pasoeaxue 3caHHo3uaocmpenmoruui{una na pa.,Hblx cpeaax tumaAMaMu B-178 u JIC-1 (e %) KYKypy3HaH CHHTeTHVeCKan D B-178 AC-1 B-178 JIC-1 BpIMH (~epMeliTa1(nH, qaCbl 48 I 72 I 96 126 OJjHOH H3 OTJIHTIHTeJIbHbIX 0006eHHOCTecI LHTaMMa TIC-1 SIBJISIeTCH cpaBHH- TeJIbHO He3I-IagHTejIb}Ioe o6pa3OBaHHe MaHH03HAOCTperTOMHUHHa, 000TaBJIH10- mee K KOHIjy (pepMeHTaIjHH OKOJIO 50%p, TOPJja KaK Y IIITaMMa B-178 ero coJjep}KaHHe COOTBeTCTByeT 20-40%. 3TO HBJIeHHe, OTIeBHJfHO, CBB3aHO C pa3JIH'fIIOci aKTHBHOCTbIO COOTBeTCT'ByIOMHX (jJepMeHTHbIX CHCTCM (Hockenhu- le a. Ashton, 1954; CeseplIH H MacJIoBa, 1956). BhiB0AbI 1. HpOBe,jeHO CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 113yYeHHe ,jByX 11poH3BOJ[CTBeHHbIX IIITaM- MOB Act. streptor12ycini - B-178 H AC-1, OTJIHTIaIo Hxc2 no HHTeHCHBHOCTII 6HOCHHTC3a CTpenTOM'HUHHa. 2. BbIHBJIeHbI OCHOBHble (bH3HOJIOrHgecKxe OCO6CHHOCTH BbICOKOnpOJjyK- THBIIOPO IIIT'aMMa AC-1, OTJIH'TIatoHjae ero OT IIITaMMa B-178. 3. YcTaHOBJICHO, 4TO Y HITaMMa, 6o.iee IIHTeHCHBHO CHHTe3HpyIOLI(ero CTpeHTOMHIUIH, Ha6JI1OJjaeTC5T p$IJj (1JH3HOJIOPHTIeCKHX OCO6exxoCTeII H CBOHCTB, OTJIHTIaIOLLjHX Cr0 OT Meuse aKTHBHOrO IHTaMMa. 1-10JII-IOe BbIHBJIeHHC nOTeH- IjHaJIbHbIX B03MO)KIIOCTef HOBbIX IHTaMMOB B OTHoIHeHaM CHHTC3a aHTH6ao- THKOB BO3MO)KHO 3HIHb Ha oCHOBe rjiy60Koro CpaBHHTe.IIbHoro (j)H3HOJIOrHTIe- CKOrO HX HCCJIeJ OBaHHH. DKCnepHMeHTaJIbHb114 MaTepHaJi, IIO.IIyLiaeMbIH npH TaKOM McCJIe;joBaHHH, HMeeT TaK)KC npaKTHTICCKHcI HHTepec, TaK KaK OH CJIy}KHT OCHOBaHHeM JjJIH yTo I1eHI1H TeXHOJIOrHTICCKHX perJIaMeHTOB npOH3BOJ cTBa aHTl16HOTIIKOB. B 4aCTHOCTH, pe3ynbTaTbJ JjaHHoro iiccaejjOBaIIHH JierJia B OCIIOBy HpOH3BOJj- CTBeIIHOro perJlaMeHTa HOJIyTIcHHH CTpe_HTOMHL[HHa HJH HCnO:Ib3QBaIIHH Bbi- COKOHpoJjyKTHBItOrO LHTUMMa Act. streptomycini AC-1. JIHTEPATYPA A ai e e B B. C., B p H H 6 e p r C. JI., I- p H H IO K T. H. XHMHgCCKn5 COCTaB KyKypy3Horo 3KCTpaKTa Ii npUMeHCHHe ero 21JI5 (1)epMeHTaijH0HHbIX CpC;j B HPOH3BOJ[CTBe neHiluiu JIHHa H CTPCHTOMHUBHa. Tp. KOMHCCHH HO aHTH6HOTHKaM, 1950, BbIH. 2, CTp. 28-34. B e JI 0 3 e 1) C K H H A. H., 3 H a m e H C K a A M. II. H ap. CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 611oXHMH4eCK0C H3y leHIIe 4yBCTBHTeJIbHbIX H YCTO6YHBbIX K aKT,Hiio(jaraM (JOpM Act. globisporus streptomycini. BHOXIiTHA, 1954, T. 19, Bbin. 2, cTp. 236-145. BpHH6epr C.JI., CypHKOBa E.l'!., Bpa6oBCKaa 0.3. BIo,u6op H yTO4HeHHe co- cTaBa (pePMeHTaLH0HH0ii CpeUbl JUTA 111TaMMa IC-1. Bio,njl. BHIII4A, 1955, Bbiri. 5, CTp. 59. B P H H 6 e p r C. JI., F p 11 H 10 K T. H. YCTan0BJienne pe.KnMa a3paunn uuia npouecca q)ep- MCTaL1nH CTPCHTOMHI(HHa npH HCII0.Ib3OBaHH11 IHTaMMa TIC-1. Bio.7JI. BHMI4A, 1955. Bbin. 3-4, cTp. 122. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 13 p H H 6 e p r C. ,I., r p 11 H Io K T. H. McTOAb1 H3y4CHHH yCJ10BUi{ a3pauuH nPH 6HOCHHTe3e aHTn6N0TN4eCKNX BeHI,eCTB. 610JiJIeTeHb BHIdI'IA, 1957, Bbin. 6, cTp. 38-53. Bp m H 6 e p C. A. BAHHHHe MaCeJI Ha npoueCC 4)epMeHTaI&HH npiH 6HOCHHTe3e. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1958, T. 3, Bbin. 4, cTp. 29. B p N H 6 e p r C. JI., r p a 6 o B c K a a O. 3. 0 311aTwHIM ()OC(popa aim 6HOCHHTe3a CTpenTO- MNI1NHa. MHKp06NOJIorHa, 1958, T. 27, Bbin. 4, CTp. 407. B e c e .n 0 B H. M., C e B e p H ii B. A., H e H a m e B a A. M. HCnOJIb3OBaHHe }KMMXOB B Ka- 4eCTBe KOMnOHeHTOB CpeAbi AAA o6pa3oBaHHa CTpenTOMIJIHHa. 6ioJI. BHHI'IA, 1956, Bbin. 1-2, CTp. 4.2. F p a 6 o B C K a H O. 3. BJIHHH'Ne (b OpMbl OpraHN4CCKO:O a30Ta Ha 6140CIIHTe3 CTpeIITOMHuuHa. Te311cbl BTOpoll BCeC. KOHlpepeHHHH no aHTH6HOTHKaM, 1957, cTp. 59. JI e B H T O B M. M., I' e p M a H 0 B a K. H. H Ap. (PB3HOJIOrH4eCKHe oco6eliHOCTH pa3JIH4HbIX mTaMMOB Peniclttlurn chrysogenum. AHTH6N0TIIKH, 1958, T. 3, Bbin. 2, Crp. 3. M e a b H I1 K 0 B A. A., C y p H K 0 B a E. H. H3y4eHHe (JH3H0JI0rH4eCKHX CBO6CTB pa3HbIX mTaMMOB P. chrysogenum, o6pa3yloutuX neHH1(NJTJIHH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1957, T. 2, Bbin. 3, cTp. 5-8. C a B 11 u K a H E. M., B p V. H C B. H. H Ap. q)H311K0-xHMN4eCKHe McTOAbI onpeACJIeHNSI aHTN- 610TMKOB. Il. 06 allTpOHOBOM McToae KOJIN4eCTBeHHOr0 OnpeuCJ1eHHH MaHH03HAO- CTper1TOMNUNHa. 711ypH. aHaJIHT. XHMNH, 1955, Bbin. 2, CTp. 124. C e B C P H H B. A., F o p C K a a C. B. CHHTeTH4eCKaB cpeua AJiH KyJ1bTHBNpoBaHH5i St. globiasporus Streptomyeini, wTaMM AC-1. AHTH6HOTOKH, 1957, T. 2, Bbin. 2, CTp. 26. C e B e p N H B. A., NI a c n o B a C. H 0 npenpaweHHN MaHHO3HAoCTpenTOMMUNHa B CTpenTO- MHUHH A. MHKpo6ao.norH5i, 1956, T. 26, Bbin. 5, cTp. 580. C y p H K o B a E. H. (Dn3H0J1o7H4ecKaa xapaKTep14CTNKa mTaMMOB npouyueHT0B cTpenTO- MNUNHa. 61o.il.nereHb BHHHA, 1955, BbIn. 3-4, cTp. 83. Cy p H K 0 B a E. 14. HCCJTeAOBaHHe COeBOH CpeJbl Ha 6HOCNHTe3 CTpenTOMHUHHa. Bion- JICTeHb BHHI4A, 1954, Bbin. 4, CTP. 66. C y p H K 0 B a E. H., P y A a K 0 B a H. H. HpOTeOJIHTH4eCKHe (j)epMeHTbI y aKTHHOMNUeTOB, obpa3ylolunx CTpenTOMnUIIH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1958, T. 3, Bbin. 6. C h a I o u p k a J. Proteolytic enzymes of Streptomyces griseus. Folia biolog., 1956, v. II, N 2, p. 72. ('i a r n e r H., K o f f 1 e r H. Factors affecting Streptomycin Yilds. Amer. J. Botany, 1953, v. 4, N 5, p. 289-296. H o c k e n h u I e D., A s h t o n G. Actinomyces metabolism: a - phenylmannosidase of St. griseus. Biochem. J. 1954, v. 57, N 1, p. 93. K o v a c s E., M a t k o v i c s R. Veranderung der katalaseaktivitat St. griseus kulturen. Acta biolog. Acad. scient. Hungaricae, 1957, v. 7, N 4, p. 343. K u r y I o w i e z W., W o z n i c k a W. H Ap. Badania nad otrzymywaniem Streptomycyny w zkali laboratoryney. Med. doswiad. i mikrob., 1954, v. 6, N 1, p. 1-12 (UI'IT no , 1954, Bbin. 5, c. 38). Per I m a n D., W a g m a n G. Studies of the utilization of lipids by St. griseus. Jour. Bact., 1952, v. 63, N 2, p. 253. S i m o n S. On the protease and urease enzymes of Str. griseus. Acts microb. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1955, v. 3, N 1-2, p. 53. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 T. E. Ka3aucKasl u E. A. AHd peeaa BJINSIHHE A3OTtICTbIX (PPAKIUNH COEBOI%I MYKH 11 HEKOTOPbIX AMNHOKICJIOT HA POCT H BHOCHHTE3 CTPEEITOMHLIH HA HpH nofry'ennn CTpeHTOMHuHHa c noMOlublo Actinomyces streptomycini llama HpoMbIHIJIeHHOCTb AoJlroe BPCMA HCFIOJIb3oBaJIa LIT IMMbl N? 3 H B-178, KOTOpble Ha MHHepaJIbHON cpe,?je C KyKypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM AaBaJIH [OCTaTOLIHbje BbIXOAbI aHTn6nOTHKa. B CB513n C 3THM npOBOAH.IHCb HCCJIeAO- BaIIHn no ()paKunOHHpOBaHHIO KyKypy3110ro 3KCTpaKTa C uCJIbIO Bbl5CHeHHH xHMH4ecKON npnpOAbl a30THCTbUX coeljHHeHHN, CTHMyJIHpyiOLuHX o6pa3oBa- nne CTpenTOMHuHHa (1_I..IanOIHHnKOB, AraTOB H Ka3aHCKaii, 1954; ,ZI,yAbIKHHa, 1954). 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B OHbITHX C CoeBOii MyK017 He onpeAeJTHJIaCb 6HoMacca, TaK KaK HpH ue'HTpH(pyrnpOBaHHH KyJlbTypa.IbH01r )KLIJl,KOCTH Ha AHO npO6HpKH B:VICCTe C MHueJJHeM oceAajia MyKa. 15 TpyAbi HH-Ta MHxp06HOnorHH, Bin. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 2')6 T. B. Ka3aHCKah u E. A. Audpeeea B pcAC O IbITOB yxa3axo BpeM5l, Korea B cpeiie Hcge3aJIIi rJIIOKO3a H aMMOHnIi[IbIii 030T. H3MCIICIIHC pH B npoueCCe (1)CpMCIITarIH1i B 6o IbllIIIIICTBC OHbITOB 6binO oJIHHaKOBbIM: on BTOpbIC CyTKII pH ciIH) aJICSI npumepoO ;Io 6, a 3aTeM, K KOliuy OnbiTO, IIOBbILHaJIC51 AO 8. B nepBOM O11b1Te MbI npOBepHJIH IIOBejLeIIIIe HITOMMO TIC,-I IM CHIITCTH- llccKllx CpeJaX c aMnlioKHC3oTaMH (malJOLHIIHKOB, AraTOB, Ka30HCKaO 11 3K3epIIOBa, 1954). A30T OpraHHileCKOFO Be1I eCTBa B HnX COC-I aB. o i 30 Mr %, T. C. KOJ1n00CTBO, paBuoe a30Ty, BIIOCHMOMY B cpeAy c KyKypy311bIM 9KCTpaK- TODI. 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K MOMeHTy MaKCH- MaJIbHOrO pOCTa, B Cpejie HC4e3aeT aMMO11H6HbIFI a30T, a C yBeJIH4eHHeM a30Ta OpraHH4eCKOrO BeLueCTBa B Cpe. e yBeJIH4HBaeTCII H KOJIHLIeCTBO a30Ta, nomejjLIIero Ha HOCTPOeFIHe MHLIeJIHSI; KOJIH4eCTBO CTpenTOMHH,HHa B KyJIIbTy- pa.nbHoFl )KHaKOCTH I1pU 3TOM oCTaeTCR OlIHHaKOBbIM. 1-IpOBeJieHHblH OnbIT TaK)Ke CBHueTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, LITO Ha HOCTpOeHne MHueJIHH, KpOMC a3OTa OpraHH4eCKOFO BeLHeCTBa LICHOJIb3yeTC51 H aMMOHHNHbIN, TaK KaK BO BCeX cJIyHaBX KoJII14eCTB0 a30Ta B MllueJIHH npeBblLllaeT KOJIH4eCT'BO a30Ta opraHH- 4eCKOro Be1ueCTBa Cpe. bi, Jia}Ke ec.IIH He npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe, 4TO 4aCTb a30Ta COB He MO)KeT 6bITb yCBOeHa aKTHHOMHueTOM. KpoMe TOrO, OKa3aJIOCb, 4TO Ha cpe.liax c Jio6aB.neHneM aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHOFI BbITH)KKH H3 He06e3)KHpeH- HO6 H o6e3)KHpeHHO6 COeBOF! MYKH o6pa3OBaHHe CTpenToMHuHlla HALT OJjHIIa- KOBO (315 H 350 Y/MJI). 3TO O6'bHCH5ieTC51 TOFI )KC npH4HHO6, 4TO H B c.ny'ae npHFOTOBJIeHHH BOJIHbIX n IueJIO4HbIX BbITSI)KCK (CM. Ta6JI. 2). 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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BA!in - ue a30TUCTbIX (bpaKi uu coeeou Myicu u aMUHOKUCAOT HU cTpenTOJKC -i- 4)IIJIbTpaT OCaAKa, o6ra5OTaHnoro nenc0HOM 7,98 662 45 CoeBaa nryKa . . . . . . . 7,82 2370 100 ABTOK.gaBHpOBallHag BbITA3K- 7,89 45 OcaaoK . . . . . . . . . . 6,92 530 cIHJIbrpaT ocaAKa, o6pa6OTau- noro nenCHHoM . . . ABT0KJIaBHpoBaH flag BbITl1 K- Ka + (~HJIbTpaT cca i a, 06- pa6oTaHHOro fCHCHItOM 06a onblTa, KpoMe Toro, noj TBep)K,Aa1oT JiaHHble BpHn6epr ii ipyrnx (1958) 0 TOM, 'ITO LIITaMM JIC-1 Hy)K,,laCTCH ,A.JI5I pOCTa H CTpenTOMHuHHoo- o6pa30BaIIHH B BbICOKOMOJICKYJIHpHbIX a30TCoaep)KaLuHx 'BeLueCTBaX. ,1eIICT- BnTeJIbiio, Ila cpea.e C OCaJIKOM B HaHIFIX OnbITax CTpenTOMHUHHa 6bIJIO BJIBOe 60,IbwC no cpaBlIeHIIK) CO CpC)IOH, coaep}KaLuef (3HJIbTpaT oca)1.Ka, no,1BeprHyT0ro ()epMeuTaTBBHOMy paCLuenJIeHHIOnenCHHoM. 3. BJIHAHHE HEKOTOPbIX AMHHOKHCJIOT HA CTPEHTOMHLIHH0O6PA3OBAHHE GTICIIyioin.nH pa3JICJI pa6OTbI CBOJIHJICH K BbTHCHeHHIO BJIHHHHH aMHHO- KIIC.nOT Ha pOCT H CTpenTOMnunHoo6pa3oaaxne. KaK noxa3aJIH onbITbl, HpejACTaBJIenHble B Ta6Ji. 1, Ha B39TOYI HaMH Cpe. e C OCHOBnbIMU aMHIIOKncJIO'raMH 2KTHHOMHUeT o6pa3OBbIBaJI MaJ10 cTpcnTOMnunna. 1IO3T0My MbI peLIIHJIH BbIHCHHTb, KaK H3MeHHIOT npOueCC pa3- JIIifIIIbIC IMIHOKHCJIOTbl, HpH6aBJIelIHble B CpejbI O,HOBpeMeFIHO C aBTOKJIaBH- poBaniloiI COeBOnI BbITH)KKOH. DTOT BTan pa60Tb1 c.neAyeT paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK nepexOJIHbIH H BbIHy)KJIeH- HbIFi, BBnJIy TOro,'ITO HITBMM AC-1 He pa3BHBaJIC51 Ha HCHOJIb3oBaHIIbIx HaMH Cpe.aax c aMHHOKHCJIOTaM?n. B Cpe,1bl c aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHOH BbITH)KKOH J10- 6aBJIHJIOCb 56 Mr% a30Ta aMHHOKHCJIOT. IIpH ynOTpe6JIeHHH COJIAHOKHCJIbIX COJIea aMHHOKHCJIOT npOH3BOAHJIH 'COOTBeTCTByIOLUHH nepeCrleT; TaKHe COJIH npeABapHTeJIbHO HefiTpaJIH30BaJIn NaOH C y'IeTOM o6pa30BaHH5i NaC1 B cpe,L e. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B Ta6JI. 4 HPHBeaeHbl IaHHIIe OHbITOB no BbIHCHeHHI0 B,'[HHHHH MOHOaMH- HOKHC.TIOT Ha IHTaMM TIC-1. HCTOMHHK a30Ta 0praH1l4CCIC0ro BC H{CCTBa Bcc M HI[e- J111S1, Mr/I00 MJI Bpenis MaKCH- MaJIbHOI.O pOCTa MH- IleJIH51, Cy1KH KoJIH4eCTpO CTp( HTOMSI- IjHHa, y,/MJ! BpcMSi 06- pa3oBalIHS1 MaI(Cli- MaJlbIIOrO '(OJIH4( CTB51 CTp(nTOMH- gnua,CyT- K11 KOJIH'ICCTBO CTpen- TOMHI{H Ha 0/10 K KOHT- pO.nro % K CpCJje C aBTOKJIa- EnpOBaH- 110H BbI- TSINKKO11 COeBaa MyKa (KOHTpO.'lb) . . . . . 1390 5 100 ABTOKJIaBHpoBarluasi BbITH}KKa . . . 359 3 265 19 100 To N(e + re710TaMiiHC133ft KHCJIOTa 232 2-3 18 3-5 1 7 To >Ke + acnaparmi0l3wi KHCJIOTa . 160 3 32 4 2 12 Un )pbT Ta6J1, 4 COOTBeTCTByIOT Hpe}KHHM Hamm ,3aIIHbIM, Ho,'IygeHHbIM rlpu pa60Te CO HITaMMaMH 3 H B-178 (LIIano>_HHHKOB, AraTOB, Ka3aHcKaH H 3x3epu'eBa, 1954): MoH0aMHH0K1IC7oTbI (rJII0TaoI4H0BaHi H acnaparaaoaafl) pe3KO CHN}KaIOT BbIXOj[ alfTn6110THKa. jJIH r_HTaMMa AC-1 HOBbIM SHBHJIOCb, KPOMe TOFO, H OTPHUBTeJIbHOC BJIHnHHe MOIIOaMHIIOKHCJIOT Ila pOCT MHueJIni. TaKylo }KC BaPTHHV MbI HOJIVIia7IH B jjpyrHX OHbITaX B TeX cpejax, KyZa Hapfl- /Jy C rJIIOTaMHHOBOI4 KHCJIOT,0l1 J1y06aBJIAJIH .IIFI3HH. B Ta67. 5 npe, CTaBJIeHbI Ta6Jinua 5 Bi.uxuue ocuoeurix aMaHOKUCJIOI xa pocm u cmpenmo,MUi4uuoo6pa3oeauue JLoea B JICIIo HpH6aBJle Bp o6pa cn1H 3opa- K()JIH4CCTBO CTpCnTO1111- IlH11a HnC JIMH- 111151 MaK- K aI1T0KJIaBIipO- HOKHCJIOT CHAIa ,nb110- no- o~ 0 K Ban loo cbITAN(Kc no a0ny r, CO K (1JIH- OCpa3 oea71116 norp(6JlC- T pl 6 % cp1Ac K p a31511TH51 a 4( C Tea MaKCH MaJIb(10- J1( H H1151 C0 C aBTO- H- COCE0i1 MYKH (CYTKH) 6HOM aCCbl, [_O 150. , 3114( CT ea HHSI N rJI K)K0 p KJI1I3H - o- C\' Tl(H CTp( H TOMIigH- Cyril!! all, 1 P0 [5 a ii- 0 ~- L lla, cyTICH Cy TISII oil I bI- TSIaKKOII Cocoon MVKa (K0IITpo./1b) Be3 JI06aiiieiili5i 3751 3 350 1 4 20 100 AprHiiHH BHa Iane 604 3-4 638 3 3 -4 38 182 1 450 1 3 430 He fOTpe- 611JIcH 1 4 25 122 2 387 240 69 3 502 292 83 FHCTHJuI II Boaea.ne 43`' 770 He noTpc- 6nJICH 220 1 480 3 675 v 493 2 418 4 4 62 n 132 > 3 5'28 3 3 67 105 J1H3H11 Blialla.ne 481 3- 4 10 68 304 3 472 4 3 62 4 103 AprHHHH, rHCTII- ABU Bna lane 532 3 i 10 75 He IloTpe- 6HJIca 307 KoHe'IHbiii pH KyJlbTypaJlb1105t mHAKOCTH 6,82. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 cpejLFIHe UaHHbTe JByX OIIbITOB, HpOBCJIeIHIbIX ua a 13TOK,,JaBHpOBaIIHOR BbITSI}K- KC C JI06IB,ICIIHCNI OCHOBHbIX aMHIIOKHCJIOT. ,jaIIHbIC Ta6.I. 5 HOKa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO IIal60JIbmIIec CTHMyJIHpyIO1IIeC JIeHCTBHe Ha C"IpcHTOMHUHIlO06pa30BauHe OICa3hIBaCT JIH3HII. IIpH6aBKa >KC K aBTOK.1a- BHpoBaIf11OH BbITST>KKe OCHOBHbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha HepBble - TpeTbH CyTKH pa3BHTHCI aKTHHOMHUeFa TIO1ITH IIC CKa3bIB3CTC9 HH Ha pOCTe MHueJFHSI, HH Ha CTpCHTOMHUHI1006pa3OBaHIlu. IIO-BHJIHMOMy, OCHOBHble aMHHOKHC.T1OTbI He- O6XOJIIIMbI Act. strepton2ycini c nepBbix 9aCOB er0 pa3BHTHB. CJ1e,iyeT HO- BCHHTb, HTO JIII3HH HpH6aBJ!BJICH B CpCJIbI HJIH Cpa3y, 11.11H Ha TpeTbH CyTKH, TaK KaK I!aI-UH HpC>KHIIC Jia:Mble (AraTOB H Ka3anICKaT, 1958 a) IIOKa3a.oH, 1170 3Ta a\4HII0KHCJI0Ta 7OTpc6,79eTCn O4CHb McJI,1CHH0. 113 XHMH4eCKOH CI)OpMVJIbI JIH3HHa BHUIIO, 11TO OH ABJIfteTCn aHaMHHOKaHpO-11 HOBOH KIICJI')TOII. Hop.nefLIHH H J1CHUHH - TaKNKe Hp0H3BO,IHble KanpOHOBOH KFICJIOTbC HepBbIli - CL-aMHHOrcanpOHOBasI KHCJIOTa, BTOPOI3 - CL-aMHHOH30- KaHpOHOBaH KHCJIOTa: CH.,-CI I.,-CH._,-CI h-CI ICOOI I I I NH,, NI12 CH3-CI-I CH3-CI-h-CHCOOH I NFI2 CI13 \CI I-CFf2-CI-I000H CtI3~ I NH3 J-IIT3HH I Iop.aeiiuHH JIetiuuH CJICJIyCT BbISICHHTb BJIHSIHHe 3THX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha pa3BHTHe aKTHHOMHUe- Ta - IIpOJ1yUCHTa CTpeHTOMHUHI1a - He TOJII3KO B KageCTBC HCTO'IIII1KOB IMHII- HOFO a30Ta, HO If B03MO>KHOI'O HCHOJIb3OBHHH5I HX yFJICp0JEHOI'O CKe.IeTa. Ha OCIIOBaHHH 3TOFO HpCJIHOJIO>K I!HSI K IBTOKJI,1 Blip OBaHHOH BbITSI>KKe, KpOMe HOpJIeHIIHHa m TIeNUHIIa, ao6aBJISIJIH KaHpOHOByIO KHCJIOTy (232 Mr%). He1IoCTaTOK }KC B aMHHHOM a30Te B cpeje BOCHOJIIISIJIH 3a CqeT yBeJIHgeHHSI KOJIH'IecTBa (NH4)2SO4. Ta6JIHI1a 6 BAU5IHUe KanpoHccou uucJctWL u ee npou3eCaHb1X Ha pocm u empemmo,Mul{uuro6pa-oeaHue * Bp('MH 06- BprMB o6- pa30Ba- Kojia4.CTF+o CTpCH- Bcc pa301'aIIHII HHII MBK- TOMHIIK1la M HIke- Mal'CH- KOJIHn(CTB0 CHMaJIb110- JIHSI, MaJlbHoro CTI)IHTOMH- I)ala ro KOJIH- %, K cpej e Mr/100 KOJIH1111T- , Y/M A 41 CTIia K C ailTO- Mn Ba 6HIIMaC- CTII(HTO- K01IT- KJ1aliHp0- Cbl, CyTKH MHIIHIla, p 0300 Ha1111011 CVTI(1) rbITII)KK01} CoenaB MVKa (K0:ITpo.1b) . . . . . - 139) 5 100 ABTOKJ1aBHpoBalillaH BbTTH3KKa . . . 518 3 475 5 35 100 To xce + .nefun' . . . . . . . . . 426 4 650 6 47 137 + Hop JleiiuHH . . . . . . . 102 4 33 5 ' 2 7 + Kallpo;1OBaa KHCJIOTa * ` . . CJIC;lb 0 0 0 * AMnioiIHhIHbiif a30T H0Tpe6JlaeTCa Ha TpeTbH CyTKH Ha cpe/tax c CoeBOII MyK011, aBTOl(JIaBapoBali- 110ti Bbn7A)KKOII H HpH ,ao6aBJ1eHHH Jie8uaiia. I-JII0K03a Hc4C_aJla H3 Cpe;lbl 70.71,KO 3 3THX BapHaHTaX Ha 4--5-e CyTKH. ** pI I: 2-c CyTKH - 6,65; 3-H CyTKH - 6,89; 4-e CyTKH 6,98; 5-e CyTKH - 7,09. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Bnugxue a3orucTblx tipai i uu Coceou .uyKll U a.VIIHOKUCnor Ha CTpenT0,1fu1(uH 233 B Ta6JI. 6 IIpHBCACHbI cpej iue LLH(j)pbi OHbITOB HO BbIHCIICIIIIIO B.IHHHHH Ha p0'CT H CTpenTOMHLLHH006pa30BaiIHe Kanp01IOB01i KIICTOTbI 11 eC IIpOH3BoAHbIX (:iefiu iua ii irop.IcfiiLHIIa). k13 JIaHHbIX 1'a6.1. 6 C.'IeJIyCT, -!TO J1eiII 1IH 6JIaF0HPII9THO BJIIIACT Ha o6pa- 30BBHIIC CTpenTOMLIIwua. Kariponionan KHCJIOTa yrilel'acT HOJIIIOCrbIO pOCT; npfl 3TONI, eCTeCTI3einno, o6pa3OBalIHH arlT1161,10THKa Ire npOHcxoj reio. IIOAo6HO Apyntm MOIIOaMHHO- KHC,TIOTaNI, IIa CpC,7C C HOpJICI{ILHIIOM OTMe4a.1CN C:IaGblii pOCT H HOtITH IIC o6pa3oBbIBaJIOCb CTpCnTOMnILIIHa. 1. I fa BOJLH0II BbIT 1>KKe 113 COCBOII MVKII, CTCpI1JIH3OBaHHOII (MMIJIbTpaU11el3 iiepe3 CTCpIJJIbHbIN ac6eCT B (J)IIJIbTpe 3e11T'ila, Ha6JIIoAaJICN XOpOuJui POCT LHTaMMa AC-I; npl1 3TOM 06pa3OBbIBaJIOCb AO 76e%p CTPCHTOMJLLuIIa (HO CpaBHeninN) C KOHTponeM). 2. UJ,eJrogHaM BbITH?KKa H3 COCBO11 MyKII He6JIaronpHHTHa AJ151 Mamma JIC-1. 3. LJigi npOBeAeHuH npeABapHTe,IbIIbrx 6a.'IaHCOBbIX OnbITOB H OHbiTOB no BJIIIAHHIO Ao6aBOK aMHHOKHCIOT H HCKOTOpbIX ApyrHX BCLueCTB OKa3a.1OCb y1Lo6HbrM HOJIb3OBaTbCSI aBTOKJIaBHpOBaHHON BbITH}KKOli H3 CO0B0N MyKH. 4. Ocajoi , noiryHaioii ufiCN HpH CTCpHJIH3auHH B BOAe COeBOci MyKH, 6oraT a30THCTbIMfI BCIHeCTBaMH H B KalleCTBe HCTOLIi1HKa opraiiHaIecxoco a30Ta B cpeae riyqLue HCHOJib3yeTCM LHTaMMOM TIC-1 6e3 npe;LBapHTeJlbHOro (4)ep- McIITaTIIBi1oro rHApoJIH3a. 5. I-IpH JLo6aB.ICIIHIi K aBTOK,IIaBirpOBaHHOII BbITH)KKC 113 COCB0IJ MyKH Ile- KOTOpbIX aMHi10KHGAOT (aprHHHna, rIICTH,'1,HIIa H JIe11uHHa) HOBbIIHaCTCH BbIXO,3 CTPCHTOMHIjHHa. OCO6CIIHO 6JIarOnpI-IIITH0 HaJInIHe B CpeILC .I1131fia; HpH 3TOM KOJIHT-ICCTBO aHTH6H0THKa B KyJlbTypaJIbHOH }KHJLKOCTH yBe,IIfgIIBaeTCA BTpOe. 6. J o6aBKa K CoeB011 BbITH}KKe MOHOaMHnoKHC.IOT He6.naPOHpIiHTHa AJIN POCTa H CTpenTOMHuuHoo6pa30BaHH51. 7. B npouecce pa60TbI Bb1NBJICHa KanpOIIOBa5i KHCJIOTa - Bemeel'BO, CHJIbHO TOpM035ILuee pOCT H CTpenTOMHLLHiroo6pa30BaHHe. A F a F0 B H. A. H K a 3 a H c K a A T. B. 01131HOlOFJIA Act. streptomgcini B CBA311 C 06pa30- BaHHeM HM CTpeHTOMHUHHa. III. JIHHaMHKa a30Tco3ep)Kanuix BCII(eCTB IIpH pa3BHTHH Act. Streptolnii.Clnl Ha CC.IC C KVK\py3FIbl,%T HKCTpaKTOM. AH'TH6If0TIIKH, 19'58a, N2 3. CTp. 28. T A r a T O B H. A. II K a 3 a H C K a A T. B. AHHaMIlKa a30TCOCep3KaIuHX BCLUeCTB HpH pa3BH- THH Act. streptomgCini Ha CHHTeTligecKO5 cpeAe, AHTH6HOTHKH, 19586, No 5, CTp. 31. BpHH6epr C.JI., CypHKOBa E.H., CellepHH B.A.,, rpa6oacKaa 0.3., rpH- H 10 K T. H. Cpa13HHTeJIbHOO (1i7I3H0.I0;'H9eCKOe accJIe,TOBaHHe IIITaMMOB Act. streptomy- Cinl B CB513H C 6HOCIfHTC30M CTpCHTOMHUIIHa. Tp. HHCT. MIIKp06HOJIOPHH AH CCCP, T. 6, 1959, CTp. 212. y,a bI K H H a H. B. POJib HeKOTOphIX (lJpaKenfi KyKypy3HOr0 3KCTpaKTa B o6pa30IMHliil crpenTOMILIHHa. AH'LIISHOTHKH, 1954, B. XIII, cTp. 78. H 0 JI b C 0 H A. M. COA. XHMIIA, TexHOJIOMa H IIpHMeHeHHe. CHa6Texu3uaT, M.- JL, 1932 K a 3 a FI C K a A T. B. BJIIuIHHe COeB070 Macla H e:o KOMHOHCHTOB Ha CTpeIIT0MHaHH006pa- 30BaHHe. ,LIOKJI. AH CCCP, 1958, T. 123, Ns 3, cTp. 561. III a H 0 HI H H K 0 B B. H., A r a T 0 B H. A., K a 3 a H C K a A T. B. (I)paKuna Ky'K\'pV3H0r0 aKCTpaKTa, CTHMy'JIHpvI0WaH CTpenTOMHUHHoo6pa3OBaHHe. McTOnbl pa3.leleHlna BCIIIeCTB KyKypy3H0r0 3KCTpaKTa iIl CpaBHIITelbHaa OILeHKa ero (JpaKUHS. AHTII6HOTHKII, 1951, B. XIII, cTp. 72. HI a H 0 HI H fI K 0 B B. H., A r a T O B H. A., K a 3 a H C K a A T. B., 9 K 3 e p u e B a H. F. CTH- MylHpyloLuaA pOJlb aMHH0KHClOT B 06pa3OBaHllH CTpenTOMHUHHa. AHTH61IOTfTKH, 1954 Bblll. XIV, CTp. 28. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Al. H. Be.xrepeoa, H. A. KoweJZC6a it B. 9. X/) Icati oackas 4PH3HOJ1Of HgECKHE 0005EHHOCTH ACTINOMYCES LAVENDULAE B CB93H C YCJIOBHAMH KYJIbTHBHPOBAHHSI HaCTooI1Iee coo61uciuie HBJIBeTCB IIpOAOJI}KCHITCM paiiec 'O3y6.iIHKOBaHHb1X pa60T (FCXTepeBa {i ap., 1958; UJanOILIIIHKOB If Ap?, 1956) no H3y4IeHHIO (jn300.norIlli Act. lavendulae [HTaMMa No 1000 (2335), noJiyncnrloro H3 My3eB Jla6opaTopnu KpacUJihHHKOBa B HHCTHTyTC MHKpo61IoJIorm4 AH CCCP. BbtnBJIC11110 CneuHKI)HKII H MC}KBHAOBb1X B3ailMOOTHOLHeIlHH B CO~leTaHHH C KyJlbTypaJlbHbIMH It MOp(poJIOPH4IeCKHMH ocobeHIIOCTHMH I1TBMMa n03BOJIH- lOT IHTaMMb1 Act. lavendulae, paiiee o6beAHHCHiible B oAHH BHA, pa3AeJIHTb Ha rpynnbl (Kucajeva, 1958). DKCnepifMeIITa.,ibllo AoK13aiIO, HTo 22 'KyJlbTypbl aKTHHOMHuCTOB, OTHOCH- MbIX pa3HbIMH aBTOpaMi1 K Act. lavendulae, MO}KHO pa36HTb Ha 8 rpynn, OTJIHHHIibIX no CBOIiM 61OJIorimecKHM CBOHCTBaM. UJTaMM Act. lavendulae N, 2335 OTHCCCII K 8-ii rpynne. (Kucajeva, 1958). OH o6JiaaaeT cnupaJlbnbI- MH C110p0HOCilaMH, o'6pa3yeT OBaJIbHO-KpyrJIble CnOpbI. Ha cpeAe Hanel{a H KapTO(1)CJIbInOM crape 1303;1yuIHbIH MHIIeJIHH OKparuen B cnpeHeBO-KOpHHHeBa- TbIii UBCT; K0J1O1lHII CBeT;IO-}KCJITbie; nHFMeHT B cpeAy lie Bbip.eJIHeTCA. 06- T,aAaeT nhiipoKifM a1iTH6aKTepnaJIbHbIM ACHCT3HeM Ha rpaMOTpHLIaTeJlbHble H rpaM'HOJIO}KHTC.'IbHble 6aKTepHH, MHK06aKTepuu, iia TpH BHAa Apo)KH{CH H na Stachybotrys allernans. B npe ibi,ynieii pa6oTe (BexTepeBa ii ;zp., 1958) 6bIJIH H3yHCHbI 3axo- iiOMepIIOCTH o6pa30BBaHTiH aKTHBHhIX npOTCOJIHTHTICCKHX (pepMeHTOB B 3aBH- CHMOCTH OT COCTaBa iliTaTe,iblblX Cpe,i H B CBH311 C pOCTOM H aBTOJIH30.NI BTHX KYJIbTYP B r.TIy61HIIIOn (,)epMeHTaiuiH. B HeKOTOpbiX Onb1TBX 6blJiO 3aMe- 9e110, 1ITO o6pa3oBaIlile aKTHBHOrO Ben eCTBa Ha6JIIOAaJJoCb B UC)HOA HHTeH- cHBHO1O pocTa KyJIbTypbl, T. e. 6bIJIo pe3KO CABHHYTO B nepBylO (Ja3y IipOI.IeCCa, B OTJIHIiHC OT MHOFHX npOI eCCOB, B KOTOpbIX o6pa3013aHHe aHTH- 61IOTHKa HACT BO BTOpOH (I)a30. B CBH3H C BTHM l1aM npe,r CTaBJISIJlOCb HHTepecnbIM I1pOBeCTil 6oJlee nojipo6HOe 113yIICIIHe AlniaMHKH npouecca (pepMeilTaulH, pocTa H pa3BHTHSI KYJIbTypbl npH pa3JnITIHbiX yCJIOBHHX KyJIbTHBHpoBaHHH, a TaKUKC H3yLlHTb H3Me1IeHHH 6HOxHMHUecKOH aKTHBIioCTH MHUCJIHB B CBH3H C CPO B03paCTOM. LI.TM npoAyucHTOB allT116HOT11KOB al{T'HHO?MnueTHOrO H rpn6Horo npome- XO?KACHHH KyKypy3IlblH 3KCTpaKT HBJIHeTCH Ba}KHbIM KOMHOHeHTOM nHTaTeJIb- HbIX cpeA ii oKa3bIBaeT 60.IbLUOe BJIHHHHU iia BbIXO, aHTH6HOTHKa y aKTH- HOMHLIeTOB. KaK nOKa3ajio iialIIH Ha6JnoJ eIIHH H Ha6JIIoAei11iH ApyFHX HCCJICAOBaTe- Jlex, H3MCHCIIHC KOHUCHTpaLIHH KYKYpy3110FO BKCTpaKTa B CpeAaX MO}KCT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (Pn3u0A0eaKecKue oco6enrtoczu Act. lavendulae 235 BJIHHTb Ha HHTeIICHBHOCTb aBT0.7H3a KyJIbTyp, Ha BpeMH HOHBJIeIiHH B cpeAe H BbIXOA aKTHBHbIX np0TeOJIHTHtIeCKPIx cj)epMe'HTO'B y Act. lavendulae (pHC. 1), Ila cnopoo6pa3oaaHHe y Act. streptorrycini, y Act, globisporus (rITaMM Ne 58) H y Act. rimosus (IlianoHlHHxoB H j p, 1956; BexTepeBa H Ap., 1958; IIpo- Ko()beBa-BeJIbroBCxaH H Ap. 1956, 1958). CpeAa C KyKypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM OKa3aJIacb 6.IaronpJHTH0I3 AJIH pa3- BHTH59 H HaKOnJICHHH aHTH'6nOTFIKa Act. lavendulae H MbI H3y'IH,IH HeKOTOpble (]11i3I70JIorH1IeCKHC Oco6eHIIOCTrI ialIi10Ii KyJIbTypbl Ha cpejax, co,epxcaH>;Hx 3TOT XOMHOHeHT. 1 pH 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8peMA , cymnu l nc. 1. 3aawCHMOCTb HaxorlneHHU aKTHHHblx rlpOTeo:IHTH4ecKIiX CpepMeHTOB OT Pa3BIITIII H aBToJIH3a KVJlbTypbr Act. lavendulae 2335, IsbipauteHHOO Ha cpeAe .No 3 C pa3JIIIVHblM KOJIHiICCTBOM KyKypy3HOr0 3KCTpaKTa: + me.n; a - 6HOmacca? 6 - npoTewlHTHHleckHe (1;epmeBTbl METOAHKA q)epMCliTaIJkH HpOBOJIHJ7acb B 2-JIIiTpOBbIX KoJI6ax, KyAa HaJIHBaJIOCb 400 M.I nHTaTeJrblrof cpeAbl. KOJ16bI 3acesa,mcb CnopaMH Act. lavendulae, BblpautexnblMH Ha KapTO(J)eJIbHOM arape, H BCTpHXHBaJIHCb Iia KauaJlKe CO cxopocTblo BpatueHHH 150 o6/MrH. iipii TeMrIepaType 26-28?. Flo xo ty npoiecca IIpOBOAHJIHCb CJIeAyIonI,He onpe,eJIcHHH. AKTHBHOCTb 9JITH6nOTH- geCKOro BCIr[eCTBa O'IpeAe.InJiacb McTOAOM cepHIiHbIX pa3BeJteHHi (TeCT- o6'beKTOM CJIy)KHJI Staph. aureus-209) ; yrJleBOjbi - Ho BOCCTaHOBJieH'HIo MeuH; o6waIi 23OT - MHKpOMeTOAoM KbeJibAaJIH; aMMHBK - AHCp(py3IIbIM CHOCO6oM Ha rIaHIKax. AKTHBHOCTb HPOTeo.IHTH9eCKHX C})epMeHTOB yuHTbIBaJIaCb no pa3JIOx{eHHIO Ka3eHHa ii Bblpa>KaJIaCb B MHJIJIHrpaMMaX pa3J1o KeHHOro Ka3eHHa Ila 1 MJI cpeAbl. HpOBOTHJIOCb Ha6JiloAeH:He 3a Mopcpo.norneii KyJIbTypbl. IlpenapaTbl 4 HxcupoBa.'Incb paCTBOpOM Kapiiya, oxpanI/IBajiacb McTH.7IeHOBON CHHeIi (1 : 1000). B pa60Te 6blJla HCHOJIb3oBaHa McTOAHKa KpaTKOCpOLIHbIX (HJiH OCTpbIX) OHbITOB, KOTOpble HpOBOAHJIHCb CJIeAyioUJ,HM o6pa3OM. HecxOJlbKo 2-JIHTpO- BbIX KOJ16 C 400 MJI nHHTaTeJlbHO}i Cpe, bI 3aCeBaJIHeb CHOpaMH. 'Iepe3 Onpe- Ae.rieHHbIK nepxo, BpeMeHH (1-2-3-4 cyTOx) Hacrb xo,16 cHHMaJiacb, a ApyraH - ocTasaJiacb AjIH Ha6moAerrHH 3a jHHaMHxoii npouecca. MHuejiHI3 OTAeJIHJicH OT KyJIbTypaJlbHOii x{HAKOCTH UeHTpH~yrHpOBaHHeM, MHoroxpaTHO npOMblBa.ICH BOAoii, a 3aTeM nepeilOCH.ICH B MaJICIrbKHe KOJI6bI Ha 200 MJI, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 236 M. H. Bexrepeea, H. A. Kouuz,leKJ[aJ'IcSi Pe3KHM nOTpe6JIeHHCM rJlIOK03bl, aMMHaLIHOro H o61uer0 a30Ta. CKOpOCTb HoTpe6JIeHH51 rJI1OK03bI B nepeCLleTe Ha I r cyxoro MHueJIHH 3a I Liac A0CTHraJIa 97 Mr. Ha 72-oM 4acy OHa OCTaBaJiaCb CLue BbICOKOIH (70 Mr). Ha LICTBepTble CyTKH riaCTynaJi aBTOJIH3 KyJibTypbi, LITO conpoBo>KAalocb yBCJIHLICHHCM B cpeAe o6iuero a30Ta, a3OTa aMMHaKa H HOBbIIHCH1ICM pH. HpeACTaBJIHeT HHTCPCC TOT ( )aKT, 4To aUTH6HOTHK HOHBJISIJICSI B Cpejre y7Ke B nepBbie CyTKH pOCTa KyJlbTypbl. AKTHBIIOCTb B 3TOT HC)HOI cocTaB.'ISIJIa 13 MJIH. yCJI, ea. CJIenoBaTeJIbHO, HponyKTHBHOCTb MHUCJIHSI 'B nepeCLleTC LIa I Mr MHUeJIHH B LIaC 3a nepnoa OT 12 no 24 'Jac. cocTaBJlnjla 3,961 e1., 3a nepuoj[ OT 24 1o 48 Liac. (B cpe,.- HeM Ha 36 Llacy) npoJlyKTHBIIOCTb 6b!Jia 4,6 MJIII. yCJI. e,? Ha TPeTbH CyTKH Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (4epMCHTauHH HaKOnJ7eHN5I allTH6110THKa He Ha6JitoaaJiOCb, a B aaJibHORLueM npoHCxoJIHJIO ero pa3pymeHNe. Ho xpHBON 6NOMaCCbl He Bceraa MO}KHO npe.1 cTaBHTb CKOpOCTb ce npH- pOCTa, T. e. CKOpOCTb POCTa Ky/IbTypbl B KaK017-TO onpeaeJleHHblld 0Tpe30K BpeMeHN. ~LJIA fOJiyLICHHA 6OJIee HarJIHaHOIi KapTHHbI cJieayeT npON3BeCTH paetTeT K03(p(jHUHeHTa OTHOCHTe.,`IbHOI7 cpeaHec CKOpOCTH POCTa KyJIbTypbl. gaHHagi Be.7HLIJIHa 0603HaLIeHa VC.7OBHO CK. -0,14 0,12 0/,g- 05 C C 0,08 004 0,06 p03 0,04 02 3 0,02 `00,1 CK 44Mnpd ~"y\OMnp2 I ~ / b20Mnpa 24 48 72 96 120 144 BpeMR, voce/ 2,0 l00 1,8 l6 1,4 ti 1,2 IM 10 08 06 04 0,2 1 90 80 70 60 'Zzi 50 040 X30 20 010 PH 8 e,3 b._ \5 \~ ~..o % 24 48 72 96 120 /44 Bpe.MR , vacb/ PHC. 2. )jIIHaMIIKa Hpouecca Ha Cpeje N2 I (C Ky'Kypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM JN2 1): I -)HHTIIONOTH4eCKaR aKTHBHOCTE; 2 - 6HOMacca; 3 - rJIIOK03a; 4 - o6H(IiII a30T; 5 - aMMOHHI1- HbIII a30T; 6 - pH; a H 6 - BPO3yKTHBHOCTb MHIle.7HH B nepecqeTe ]ia I Mr/4ac K03(p(p'HUHeHT OTHOCHTeJIbHOI3 CKO-pOCTH POCTa KYJIbTypbI pacc1-nITbIBaeTC5I 3a I Liac Aim onpeje1ICHHOrO oTpe3Ka BpeMeHH. Ha pHe. 2 nOKa3aHO, LITO Be. JIHLIHHa Cx no Xoay pa3BHTHH KyJlbTypbl Act. lavendulae pe3KO McHHeTCO Kaic H c.neaoBaJIo o KH,gaTb, Hai60JlbulaH CKOPOCTb pocTa 6brJla B nepBble ilacbI npouecca, a0 24 qac., H HeCKOJIbKO 3aMeJ[JI5IJIaCb B npoMeJKyTKe Me}KJjy 24 H 36 qac. CJleaoBaTeJIbFIo, nepHO,j H1-ITeHCHBHOrO HaxonuIeFuIH alIT116110TH- Ka cOBnaaaJI c MOMCHTOM Ham60JIbLuerO 3HageHNH CK, T. e. C HaH6o.lbuie1I OTHOCHTeJIbHOcI CKOPOCTbIO POCTa. H03}Ke CKOPOCTb npupoCTa 6HOMaccbi pe3KO na,jajia, LITO COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO BeJINLINHe CK=O,009. B 3TOT nepHoa MHUeJINI3 He Bblpa6aTbIBaJI 3aMeTHbIX KOJIIILIeCTB aHTH6HOTHKa. OTCIOJIa CJIe.ayeT, LITO O6pa3OBaHHe nocJIejHero Ha aaHHOM o6pa3ue xyxypy3HOro 3KCTpaKTa 6bIJIO pe3KO CJJBHHyTO K nepBOi'l a3e npouecca H 4TO aHTH6HOTHK CJIy>KHT npOJjyKTOM 06MeHa aKT'HBHO pacTyuzef MOJIOJjON KyJibTypbi. XapaK- TepHble uHTOJIOrHgecKNe oco'6eHHOCTLI, Ha6n}OJI,aeMble npH pa3BHTHH KyJIbTy- pbI Act. lavendulae, HPHBeAeHbI Ha pHC. 3--6. HHbIM nplIMepOM CJTyxcHJIH (pepMeHTauaH, npOBeaeHHbie Ha cpe,je C Ky- Kypy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM Na 2 (pnc. 7). OnbITbI noKa3aJIH, LITO npOUCCC (pepMeHTauHH Ha cpeae Na 2 C KyKypy3- HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM 3HaLIHTeJIbHO 3aT5irlBaJICSI. CKOpOCTb noTpe6JIeHHSI o6LUero, aMMNagHOrO a30Ta H rJIIOKO3bI CHN}KaJlacb. Ha LIeTBepTbie CYTKH (J)epMellTa- IIHH B cpeae OCTaBajiOCb 6OJIbIHOe KOJINLieCTBO HenoTpe6JIeHHbIX yrJICBO,jOB (Jjo 550%%p OT NCXOaHoro). Pe3KO OTJIHLIaeTCH OT IlpejblJ(ywHx OFIbITOB KpHBBB H3MeHeHHSI pH. BHaLIaJIe Ha6JnojT,aJ1ocb HOAKNCJIeFIHe CpeJjbI H TOJIbKO K LIeT- BepTbIM CyTKaM nponexo jHJIO ee noJwJ,eJIaggIBaHHe. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 PHC. 3. Pa3HHTHP Act. lavendulw' 2335 Ha Cpeie C KyKypy3Hb1M 3KCTpaKTOM (24-iacosaH Kv.nbTypa). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Pic. 5. To me, 4TO Ha pIac. 3 (96-vacoiai Kv.THTVpa). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 240 M. H. BexTepeea, H. A. Koluenecea u B. 3. X pycaio(3cKa;i KpHBaH pOCTa KyJlbTypbl, OTpa}KalOIUaH gHHaMHKy H3MCHeHH5i 6HOMaCCbI, HMeJ7a HCCKOJIbKO HH011 XapaKTep. tla 48-M Macy 6HOMaCCbI 6bIJIO BCerO JIHHib 0,29 r/100 MJI, B TO BPeMH KaK Ha o6pa3r[C 1 KyKypY3HOrO BKCTPaKTa ee KOJIH4CCTBO 6blJlo 0,45 r. HHTeH0i1BIIOCTb aBTOJIH3a KyJIbTyPbl 6bIJIa 311a- 1IHTCJIbHO 60JIbrne. Pe3KHI3 aBTOJIH3 CBH3aH C BbIAeJIeHHeM B CpC,2y BbICOKO- aKTHBHbIX HpOTeOJIHTHUCCKHX (JepMeHTOB. ,qJIH AaHiHOH (pepMeIITa1.1HH xapaKTePHO H3MeHeHHe KO3()(t)HIIHeHTa OTIIO- C'ITTeJIbHOIi CKOPOCT14 pOCTa KVJlbTypbI. K 48 LIaC. OTHOCHTeJIbHaI CKOPOCTb pOCTa pe3K0 ynaJia AO 0,01 H HPO?[OJI}KHTeJIbHoe BpeMH, AO MaKCIiMyMa HaKOnJIeHHH 611oMaccbl, OCTaBajiacb 6e3 143MCHeHHFi. C" L 2,0 ,700 \ } 1,8 X90 \ \ 7 1 16 oB0 \ \\\3 14 70 005 ci 12 o 60 \ ~ ~ ~ ci04 Y A 10 ~i50 \, \5 \ ~ !'- / Q3 ?c 2 13mblC L 08 o 40 H c~_ 2 ~ ~. l 1 4300 0.6 30 8 \ o........~ ~.. ? 02 0 4 20 7 . ? O7 , 1450 j 02 " 10 6 . .... o.......o''' 77 24 48 72 96 120 BpeMA, YCCb/ 48 72 96 1,90 l4 4 168 192 LipeMA, YUCbl PHC. 7. UHHaMHKa Hpouecca Ha cpe is N9 2 (C KyKypy3HblM 2KCTpaKTOM N9 2): 1--6 11 a, 6 - 0603IIageuuH2 Te }Ii e, 4TO iia pHC. 2; 7 - nporeOJIHTH4ecKHe 4)epMeHTbI. B nepnoa 6ypHOrO pOCTa KyJIbTypbI, KorAa CK 6bIJi BbICOKHM, aHTH6HOTHK IIOLITH He o6pa30BbIBa.TICH. 3aMeTHoe KOJIHLIeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa Ha6JIlo]Ta- JIOCb TOJIbKO Ha 36-vi Macy. CKOpOCTb o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HOTHKa pe3KO B03- pacTa..Ta K 60 H 80-My LlacaM, T. e. B nepHOa, Kori a BCJIHLIHI-Ia Ko3(J(IHH;HeHTa CKOPOCTH pOCTa 6blJla CHH)KCI-ia Jio 0,01. Ha 60-M Tlacy npO).yKTHBHOCTb KyJIbTypbI B nepec'-ieTe Ha 1 r 3a 1 Llac 6bIJIa 1450 yc.n. ea. Ha 84-M uacy OHa noBbicnJlacb AO 4300 yCJI. eA. HpH pe3KOM aBTOJIH3e KyJIbTyPbl HaKOnJieHHH aHTH6HOTHKa He 6bIJIO. B JIaj1bHeiHIHX OHbITaX IH3yLiaJIc2 XapaKTep npouecca (JepMeHTan.HII Act. lavendulae Ha cHHTeTHUecKoH cpeAe TOrO }Ke COCTaBa (N9 3), Ho 6e3 KyKypy31-loco BKCTpaKTa. B cpe,2y ao6aBTIHJICH Cj)OC(pOp B BHAe K2HPO4. DTa cpena OKa3aalacb HPHrO[HOII KaK JJJIH pOCTa, Tax H AJIH 06pa3OBaHHH aHTH- 61IOTHKa Act. lavendulae (pnc. 8). Hpoi ecc (pel)MCHTaIjHH 3aKaH1IHBaJICH 3a 96 Liac. 1-1pOAyKTHBHOCTb MH- ueJIHH B nepec'ieTe Ha 1 Mr 3a 1 Lia- 6blJla BblcoKa 1 H Ha 70-M Macy ROCTIlra- ,:ia 14 600 yCJi. e,. Kp'IIBan IIaKOnJIeHHH 6HOMaCCbI MaJIO OTJIHLIaJIaCb OT npe- ; bI LyI11HX OIIbITOB Iia cpei.e N2 2 (CM. pHC. 7), no CJleayeT 0TMeTHTb, LITO B 3THX yCJiOBHHX MaKCHMyM 6nOMaccbI i-IaCTyna.I paHee. DTH (~aKTbI rOBOPHT 0 TOM, LITO AJIH ripouecca o6pa30BaH'HH aHTH6HOTHKa Ii HOpMaJIbHOFO Pa3BHTHH KyJIbTypbl Act. lavendulae H3 BCeP CJIO>KHOII CMeCH BCHICCTB, 143 KOT0pO11 COCTOHT KyKypy3HbIFi 3KCTpaKT, FJIaBHOe 3Ha'ieHHe npH- HaAJIe>KHT ero (jOC'(~opHbiM COe,7,HHeil HHM. C.JIeAlyeT yKa32Tb Ha HeKOTOPb1e 0006eHHOCTH H OTJIHLIIIH, KOTOpble BbIHBH- .IHCb HPH HPOBCA0HHI1 (JCpMeHTa1IHn Ha CHHTeTH3eCKOH cpeae 603 KyKypy3- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ku3uo.loeU keckue oco6etnocTu. Act. lavendulae 241 HOrO 3KcTpaKTa. Hpouece o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6140THKa IlpoTeKaJI B nepHOA PC3KOr0 3aTyXaHHH CKOPOCT14 pOCTa KYJIbTYPbI. HpOAyKTHBHOCTb MiIIjeJIHH B nepeCgeTe ma I Mr 3a I TIac 6bIJIa HaH60JIbmeli 'OT 60 Ao 96 lac. 06pa3o- BaIIHe aHTH6HOTHKa npoMCXOAHJIO Aaxce B nepHOA 3aMeTHOFO aBTOJIH3a KylIb- Typbl. U o 48 T3ac. pa3BHTHH BbIAeJIeHHH aHTI16HOTHKB COBCeM He Ha6Jllo,gajlocb, B 3TOT nep1o, Ko34p(-HIjHeHT OTHOCHTeJIbHOII CKOPOCTH pOCTa KVJIbTypbI (CK) 6bIJI BbICOKHM. BbIHBJIeHHble OTKJIOHeHHH B npoueece ((epMeHTaljHIH Ha TpeX cpeAax noKa3bIBaIOT, 4TO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT YCJIOBHII KYJIbTHBrIpOBaHHH npouecc o6pa3OBaHHH aHTH6HOTH'Ka y Act. lavendulae MO}KeT 6bITb AByX(1 a3HbIM n OAIIO(J)a3Hb1M. B pa36lpaeMOM HaMH npuMepe Ha cpejje Ne I rpaHH Me}KAy HCPBOII H BTOpOII (~a3aMH IIeT, TaK KaK CKOpoCTb npOTeKaHHH HepBof (Ja3bl 256 Mliii yr y0,1l, IZ o' 12 0 0.10 X-0,08 0.06 X0,04 0.02 130Mni./ 1 BfflnNd 2/11(14`6 0~ Db 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 11PeMn, 4QCb/ 190 a 80 IZI 70 b 60 50 040 30 20 10 24 48 72 96 120 BPeMA, quCb/ PHC. 8. AHHaMiiKa Hpogecca Ha cpe2e N_ 3 (C MHHepaJlbHblM (poc(popoM). YcJIOB- Hble 0603Ha'ICHHM Te ?Ke, 44TO Ha pHC. 2. OTIeHb BeJIHKa. HHbIMH CAOBaMH, aHTH6HOTHLIeCKOe BelijeCTBO KyJIbTypbI ACt. lavendulae HBJIHeTCH npoAyKTo.M 06MCHa H paCTylijeIII MOJIOAOII KJIeTKH 11 KJIeTKH C pe3KO 3aTyXaIOHIHM'H acCHMHJIHTHBHbIMH npo1 eccaMH. Ha O6MeH BeMeCTB B MilljeJIHH, Ha pOCT KyJlbTypbl Act. lavendulae n Ha HHTeHCHBHOCTb aBTOJIH3a 3aMeTHOe BJIiIHIIHC OKa3bIBaeT He TOJIbKO KyKypy3- HbIi BKCTpaKT, HO H ApyrHe KOMHOHeHTbI Cpejjbl. HCKJHOTIeHHe KpaxMaJla H3 CpeAbi H 3aMeria CPO FJIIOK030fI HpHBOAH-,IH K y'BCJIHteHHIO CKOpOCTH npupoCTa 6HOMaccbl H K yCKOpeHHIO aBTOJIH3a KyJIbTypbl. Hatia,io aBTOJIH3a conpo- BO}KJjaJIOCb TaK}KC npe;KAeBpeMeIIHbIM H jC3KHM HaKOnJleiIMCM B Cpe,,e aK- Ti1BHbIX npOTeoJIHTHgecxnx (1JepMeHTOB (piic. 9). B CJIeayloiueM pa3,geJle HaCTOHHjecl pa60TbI HPHBOAHTCH pe3yJIbTaTbl Onbl- TOB NO BbIHBJICHHIO cl143HOJIOrHwCKHX CBOIICT'B MHIZeJIHH pa3Horo B03paCTa. Onpe,aeJleHHe 6HOXHMH4eCKOII aKTHBHOCTH MHJjeJIHH (cnoco6HoCTH MHH;C- .7IHH o6pa3OBbIBaTb alITH6HOTHK) HpOBOAIIJIOCb B KpaTKOCpOIIHbIX OHbITBX no cxeMe, onHCaIIHOII BbIIHe B pa3jjeJle McTOjjHKH. MHIjeJIHK BblpaHjHBaJICH Ha cpejje C KyKypy3HbIM BKCTpaKTOM H B pa3Hble nepHojjbl tJepMeHTaUHH nepe- HOCHJICH B OAHHaKO'Bble VCJIOBHH, B OAHy H Ty ice cpe,gy; cJIe,OBaTeJIbHO, H3MeHHJIC31 TOJIbKO Bo3paCT MHueJIHH, a HCXOj[HaH cpejja OCTaBaJIaCb BOCTO- HHHOII. B 3TOM COCTOHJIO OTJIHgHe OT HpeAbiayHjHX OnbITOB, rjje onpeAealH- 16 TPYjt?' iirt-rz MHIKe COCTOHHHe MHUeJTMH coxpa- HHeTCH npH nepeHeceHHI3 HHTeHCHBIO o6pa3yiolljero aHTn6HOTHTIeCK0e Beme- CTBO MHueJIAH Ha cpejjy, He 6JlaronpH51THyJo jjJIH era pa3BnTHH (cpeja LIa- neKa 6e3 'HCTO'-IHHKa a30Ta). fpH BTOM ero CnoCO6HOCTb o6pa30BbJBaTb aHTH5I-IOTngeCKOe BenjecTBO He ocJla6eBaeT. HI-IaH KapTHHa Ha6JltojjaOTCH npH HepeHeCeHHH HHTeHCHBHO CHHTe3IIpVIO- iljero aHTI16HoTngecKoe BeMeCTBO MHUeJIHH Ha CpeJjy, 6JIarOHpHHTHy1o jjJIH ero pa3BHTH5i (cpeja LlaneKa). B 3TOM CJIyliae B MHUC.111H 3aMeTHO yMellb- IIIaeTCH KOJIH1IecTBO (~oc(jopa BO (I)paKUHH BbICOKOMOJIexyJIHpHblx BCLUeCTB, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3OM 3a C'IeT BeIUecTB, OTHOC 1 WHXCH K HyKJIeHHOBbIM KIIC70- TaM, 3aTO CHJIbHO BO3paCTaeT KOJIHLIeCTBO (1Ocdj)opa BO 4JpaKgHH HH3KOMO- JIeKyJIHpHbIX BeII ecTB, r.JIaBJIbIM o6pa3oM 3a CtIeT BemeCTB 'HC HyKJIeoTIIjjHOro xapaKT,epa. Ho,r MetleHHbll[ HBMH (paKT 6OJIbHIero COJjep)KaHHH KIICJTOTOHepaCTBOpI1- MbIX BenjeCTB He HyKJIeHHOBOKHCJIOro xapaKTepa B MHUeJIHH, 6oJlee HHTeHCHB- HO o6pa3ylomeM aHTH6HOTIITIecxoe BenjeCTBO, 3aCJIy}KHBaeT oco6oro BHHMaHHH. He HCKJIIogeHa BO3MO}KHOCTb, HTO B KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMOf (ppaK- UHH BemeCTB HHTeHCHBHO o6pa3yIOnjero aHTH6H0THLIecKoe BeMeCTBO MIIUe.THH HaxOJIHTCH (~oc(popocojjep}KaHjHe coeJjHHeHMH, HpHHHMalonj'Ite aKTHBHOC ylla- CTHe B CHHTe3e aHTH6nOTHgeCKOrO BenjeCTBa. BbiBOjjbi 1. MHueJIHii Aclinomyces violaceus, HHTeHCHBHO o6pa3yloaUlii aHTH6Ho- THLIeCKOe Ben eCTBO, 6oralie (poc(popoM, lieM MHUeJinII, c.na6o ero o6pa3y- I011jHil. 2. rlpeo6Jiajjaloujee KOJIHgeCTBO (poc(popa y HHTeHCHBHO CHIITe3Hpylou4ero aIITH6HOTHTIecKoe BeljeCTBO MHUe.1IHH npMHa,ljJle)KJT KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMbIM BelIjecTBaM. 3. B MHIjeJIH,H, CJIa6006pa3yIOIIjeM allTH6nOTHtIecKoe BeLuecTBO, B OT.%IHLIHe OT HHTeHCHBHO ero o6pa3ylonjero MHIjeJIHH, 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOe KOJIHIIeCTBO (pOC- cj)opa npHHaJjJie}KHT KHC.10TOpacTBopnMbIM Ben eCTBaM; KOJIHLIeCTBO )KC (j)OC- (Popa KHCJIOTOHepaCTBOpHMbIX BeLueCTB B HeM, Hao60pOT, McHbHIe. JIHTEPAT YPA BeJlo3epCKNH A.H., 3HaMeHCKa51 Mn., .P ayTCHIIITeii H -1.H.. 0111HUO- B a M. C., 1I P O H H K O B a F. B., P O J1; H 0 H O B a H. A. CpaBHHTeJIbHOe 6HOXNMH9ecKoe H3y9eHHe 4yBCTBHTeJIbHbIX H yCTOHIIHBbIX K aKTHHOC)araM (popM Actinomyces globispo- rus streptomycini Kras. BHOxHMNSI, 1954, T. 19, CTp. 326. B C JI 0 3 e p C K H ii A. H. iH K y a a e B H. C. HOJIHCpoc4 aTbl II IiX 3HageHHe ,1JI51 pa3B11TH51 Aspergillus niger. BHOXHM1HH, 1957, T. 22, cTp. 29. BeJl03epCKii H A. H., IUyrae13a H. B. H CHHpHH A. C. COCTaB Ae3OKcHpn6o- HyKJICHHOBbIX KHCJIOT y pa3JIHtIHbIX BNAOB aKTHHOMHHeTOB. L OKJ1. AH CCCP, 1958, T. 119, CTp. 330. ry6epHHeB M.A., YrojioBa H.A., Top6ogKHHa JI.H. 0 HyKJIeHHOBbix KHCJ10- Tax iH (poCcopHblx coeaHHeHH5Ix B MHUeJIHH Actinomyces aureofaciens. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1956, T. I, N2 3, CTp. 8. ry6epHHeB M. A., Yroji0Ba H. A., TOp601IK11 Ha JI. H. COJepHcaHHe HyK,aeHHo- BbIX KHCJIOT H q)occjOpHbIX cOeSHHeHH6 B MHUeJIHH Actinomyces rimosuS Ha pa3JIH' HblX TT CTaxH5,x pa3B11TNH. AHTH6HOTHKH, 1906, T. 1, N2 6, cTp. 25. CM 51 H O B C K a 31 H. C. H 5 e Jl 0 3 e p c K H H A. H. ;je30KOHpt6OHyKJienHoi3aR KHCJIOTa Actinomyces glohi.cporus streptomycini Krns. BHOXIiMHB, 1954, T. 19, CTp. 688. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 K y a a e B H. C. n Ben 0 3 e It c K H H A. H. H3yveHHe npH nOMOWH P32 4 )H3HOnorH'4ecK0i po.SH no.aH4)oc4paTO3 B npouecce pa3BHTH5i Aspergillus niger. BHOXHMHM, 1957, T. 22, CTp. 587. M H x a ii JI 0 B C b K a T. U. UaHi 3 6iOXiMii 4pOC4POpHIHX CnOJIyK LUTaMiB Aspergillus niger i Actinomyces violaceus HK yTBOploIoTb aHTH6ioTHKH. YKp. 6iOXiM. acyp., 1956, T. 28, '5 4, crp. 465. H p O K o 4p b e B a- B e JI b r o B C K a a A. A. H A e M a H o B C K a a H.C. Uwro.IOrH4eCKHe 11 6HoxHMnvecKue H3Meneana Actinomyces globisporus streptomycini Kras. npH 6HocHH- Te3e CTpeITOMHUHHa B yCJIOBiIIBX rJIy6HHHOro KynbTHBnpOBaHHa. MHKpo6HOJIorHn, 1957, T. 26, CTp. 22. B i f f i G., B o r e t t i G., D I M a r c o A. a. P e n n e l l a P. Metabolic Bechavior and Chlortetracycline Production by Streptomyces aureofaciens in Liquid Culture. Appl. Microbiol., 1954, v. 2, p. 288. K r i s h n a n P., D a m p 1 e S., B a j a j V. Studies on the Role of in Molds. 11. The Formation of and 4nsoluble> Metaphosphates in Aspergil- lus niger. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1957, v. 67, p. 35. P f e n n i g N. Veranderungen einfacher aminostickstoffhaltiger Substanzen in Mycel and Kulturmedium wahrend des Wachstums von Streptomyces spec. Arch. fur Mikrobio- logie, 1956, B. 25, S. I11. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 11. B. Opa o8a. Jl. A. Tlonoea, B. T. Maicapeau%, T. H. Bepso614er.'c DH3HOJIOFHgECKHE OCOBEHHOCTH HPOAYUEHTOB TETPAUHKJIHHOB Ain116H0TIIKH - oKCH1'eTpauHKJILiH, XJI0pTeTpaUHKJIHH H TeTpaIUHKJIHH - B 'cbMa 6JIH3KH HO CBOeMy XHMH1IeCKOMy CTpOeHHIO H JIeHe6HOMy aerICTBHI0, TO HBHJIOCb OCHOBaHHeM JjJis CpaBHHTCJIbHOPO 143yT1eHH51 CJH3HOJIOFHTIeCK14X i co6eHHOCTe1 Hx npo,1yueHTOB. HacT05 uax CTaTbH npeJLCTaBJ1HeT o630p HC- c:icJjoBaHH11, HpOBe,geHHbIX B OTaCJie 4JH3HOJIOI'HH BCecO103HOro HaygHO-HC- C.IeLoBaTeJIbCKOI'O HHCTHTyTa aHTH6H0THKOB (BHHHA). CH3 OH Oil N (CH3)2 CI CH3 OH N (CH3)2 \-OH IF II I II I II I I II II ILCONH, I J I I II - CON OH \/ \/ \/ \/ OH \/ 1 I II I it I ? II (M I 0 OH 0 OH O OH 0 OKCHTeTpa[HKJIHH XJIOpTeTpajHKJIHH CH3 Oil N (CH3)2 -OH /-CONH2 \/ \/ \/ OH \/ OH 0 OH 0 TeTpai;HKJMH OnblTbi CTaBHJIHCb C Act. rimosus 8229, 118 H 293 - HpOAyueHTaMH OKCH- reTpauHKJIHHa - H Act. aureofaciens 536, 112 H 16 - HpoJlyueHTaMH xJiop- TeTpauHKJIHHa H TeTpaUIIKJIHHa, HOJIytIeHHbIMH H3 OTJjejia ceJIeKUHH BHI4I'IA. YCJIOBHH BbIpaH[HBaHHH KyJIbTyp, HpOBeJIeHHe cpepMeHTaunn H McTonbi aBa- 1H30B noz[p06HO H3JI0}KeHbI B npeJJblJjyiunx pa6oTax (OpJioaa H BepxoBue- Ba, 1957; BeJioycosa. IIo0OBa, 1958; MaxapeBHa H JIa3HHKOBa, 1959; LIIa- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 252 H. B. Opnoea, JI. A. Honoea, B. r. Marcapeeult, T. 11. Bepxoet{eea rIOTIIHHKOB, 3aflueBa H Op.nOBa, 1958). HHiKe r[acTCSI COCTaB OCHOBHbIX q)ep- McIITaulOHHbiX CpCA AJI51 Ilo.nytieai i TeTpauHKJIHH,oB (Ta6JI. 1). Cocmae ecxoexbIX 4beplenmat(UGHHbIX epeo dJR noAy'eftu5t mempatluKnuxoe KyKypy3Hbin 3K- CTpaKT* . . . . 3ona aKCTpaKTa. Coenasl MyKa . . KpaxMan . . . . F n oKo3a . . . . (NH4)2SO.4 . . . A l 1oul(i poAauuc- TbIII beI13Hn pOaaHHCTbIH NaCI . . . . . . CaCOa* * . . . . . MgSO4.7H,O . . . KH_PO., . . . . . K2HPO4 . . . . . Sl11TapHaa KHCJIOTa AMMHaK . . . . . FeSO4. 711,0 . . . MlICI2 . . . . . . ZnSO ?711.0. . . CI'cAbi AnS I Cpeabl Ana xnopTeTpal{IIKJ1 IIa Cpeahl Ana TeTpal{NKJIHHaI OKCBTCTpaIINK.Uma No I N^ ? N, 3 I No Ns 5 I NO G No 7 I Ne 3 R N^ g 2,5 0,05 0,2 0,5 2,5 0,5 0,05 0,2 0,4 0,05 0,02 0,5 3,0 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 2,5 0,4 0,2 0,4 2,5 0,2 0,4 2,5 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,05 0,02 1,0 2,5 0,2 0,5 * rlo CyXOMy BCC'. V'I'JICKHCJIbI KdJIbgBII B epeAax No 2, 4, C,, 7 H 8 CTCpHnH3yeTCH OTACnbIIO. 3,0 0,4 0,5 0,5 2,5 0,2 0,1 0,02 0,03 0,46 0,1 0,001 0,0008 0,001 Ha HepBbIX 3Tanax Hcc.meAOBaIIHSI Ka3aJlocb ueJlecoo6pa3HblM coHOCra- BHTb OCHOBHble f0Ka3aTeJIH npouecca HCCJIe .yeMbIX KyJlbTyp (Ta6JI. 2 H pile. 1). KaK noKa3bIBaeT 3T0 corOCTaBJIeHHe, npoBeueHHoe Ha cpeae C KyKypy3- 11bIM 3KCTpaKTOM, uIHpOKO npHMeH5IIOIIU4MC5I B npOH3BOACTBe aHTH6HOTIIKOB Ict. aureofaciens o6.nauaeT 6ojiee 6LICTpbIM TeMHOM pOCTa H pa3BHT1l5I: paHbuie HaKanJIHBaeT OCHOBHyIO Maecy MHueJIHSi, 6bICTpee TioTpe6.,JlaeT HI1- TaTe.TlbHbie BeLueCTBa CpeAbl, 6bICTpee aBTOJIH3HpyeTCH. HponyueHT OKCHTCTpauHKJIHHa AJTHTeJIbHOe BpeM5i coxpaHReT cnoco6- HOCTb K pocTy, 6Jlarouapli tieMy Bee MHUCJIHSi Ao 96-120 tiac. (JepMelIl'auHH He CHH}KaeTCSI HJIH CHH)KaeTCSI He3HatJHTeJIbHO. CyIUeCTBeHHOe pa3JIY.LIHe Ha- 6JnonaeTC51 B xapaKTepe pa3BHTHH o60nx Hpo. yueHTOB. Act. rimosus CBOI- cTBeHeH paHHHr3 (Ha 1 H 2-e cy'rKH) pacnaa IIa CHOpbI c nocJleuyioIUeIi cMe- Iloii nOKOJIeHHH (fIpOKOCpbeBa-EeJIbrOBCKasI, fleCTepeBa H Pyuasi, 1956). Act. aureofaciens, HanpoTHB, HHKOraa tic o6pa3yeT rJIy6HHHbIX Cnop, m CMeH nOKOJIennu y HerO He Ha6JII0AaeTC5I (fIpoKoq)beBa-FFeJIbroBCKan H OpJIOBa, 1956). OAHaKO 3TH pa3JIHtIHSI MOryT 6bITb B 3HagIITeJIbHOII CTeneHH CHSITbI YCJIOBH5IMH KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHSI (OpJioBa H BepxoaueBa, 1959a; flpoKoCpbeBa- 0,035 3,0 0,2 0,5 0,5 0,5 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ta6.aHua 2 XapaicmepucmuKa npot{ecca ciepMenmat{uu npoay4eHmo6 rnempauUKAUHa6 ua cpede NP 3 C 1C Kypy3Hb1M 3KCMpaKniom OKCHTe rpauHKJll1I1 (1r/MJI . . . . . . . . . . . XJIOpTerpagHKJ1HH ?r/MJi . . . . . . . . . . . BpeM 1 MaKCHMaJibHOH aKTHBHOCTH, 4aCb1 . . . . Bec MH1Ieji c gepe3 24 vaca, Mr% . . . . . . MaKCHMa.IbHblS, Mr% . . . . . . BpeMa I IaKCHMyMa pa3BHTHSI MHUeJIHT, 4acbl . . YrJIeBOAb1 yepe3 48 vac., % . . . . . . . . . BpeM I noTpe6JieHHa yr.neBOAoB, ~iacbl . . . . . MaKCHmaJlbHee KOJIHiiecTBO 6eJIKOBOro a30Ta 13 KyJIbTy'paJIbHOH ]KH)IKOCTH, Mr% . . . . . . . C1poAyK1HBHOCTb miium 1, ?r/Mr* . . . . . . . 2,0 1,8 /6 - 14 /2 08 0,6 Q4 0,2 1800 ~ 11- i 1200 ? QI 1000 0,06 ,,0,04 40,02 - /7 ~ZE BpeMl7, v?cbi 8229 118 538 16 1660 930 1470 107 70 48-52 366 495 880 788 69 47 0,8 83 19,1 189 0,36 65 9,7 118 o\?N K100 80 60 40 5?---~ 20 /02030405060708090 0 BpeMA, Yacb1 I'Hc. 1. XapaKTepHCTIIKa pOCTa, HOTpe6JIeHHa HHTaTeJlbHbIX BeH11eCTB, H3MeHeHH51 HpOTeOJIH- TITileCKOH aKTHBHOCTH H HaKOHJIeHH5 TeTpaIUHKJIHHOB (cpe,ga C KYKYpy3HbIM 3KCTpaKTOM .N4 3) . 1. 1a - VPJICBOJ{b1, 2, 2a - aMMOHHNI1bIO a3oT; .3, 3a - TeTpa1[HKJIHHbI; 4, 4a - sec MHIlea1HB; 5, 6a -- ]IpOTeOJIHTHgecKaH aKTHBHOCTb KyJlbTypaJlbHOIt JKH3KOCTH; 6, 6a - npOTeoJ[HTHgeCKae aKTHBHOCTb MHtle- nHH: 1-6 -Act. rimosus 8229. la - 6a - Act. aureofaciens 536. 5eJIbIrOBCKasi H Op,nosa, 1958). C paHHHM pacnaaoM MHL[eJIHSI Act. rirl2osus Ha CHOpbI H COHYTCTBYIOIUHM CMy aBTOJI,H30M tIaCTH rHCJ, nO-BHJI,HMOMy, CBII- 3aHO BbiaeJIeHHe B cpeay 31Ja9HTe,7TbHbIX KOJIHT3eCTB 6eJIKOBOro a30Ta. Act. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 aureofaciens BbljjeJISICT B cpe,.y 3HatIHTeJIbHO MCHblIHe KOJIHUeCTBa '6e1KO- Boro a30Ta. HpOTCOJIHTHtgeCKaH aK'I'IIBHOCTb MHUeJIHSI Act. ritnosus H KYJIbTypaJIbHOH )KHAKOCTII HPH (pepMeHTauHH OKCHTeTpaUHKJIHHa 3HatIHTeJIbHO BbIIHe, tieM COOTBeTCTByIOH1a2 aKTHBHOCTb HPH (pepMeHTauHH XJIOpTeTpalIHKJI11Ila (Op- JIOBa H BepxosueBa, 1957). B TCCHOf'I CB2311 C OCO(CHHOCTSIMH pOCTa H pa3BHTH5I o6elIX KYJIbTYP Haxo- JjHTCH ilpouecc o6pa30BaHH5I aHT16HOTHKOB. HaH6anee HHTeIICHBHbIII 6Ho- CHII1C3 Ha6JIIO1jaeTC51 B HCPHOJL 3aMCAJICHHOro poCTa HpoRyueHTOB, H Y Act. aureofaclens off HacTyHaeT H 3aKaHtIHBaeTC5I paHbLHe, iieM y Act. rimosus. HOC,,'IejiHHIi o6pa3yeT Bj1BOe 6oJIbLHe aHTH6HOTHKa. COHOCTaBJIeHHe o60Hx HpO,2yUCHTOB HO HX MaKCHMaJIbHOH HpOAyKTHBHOCTH (CM. Ta6JI. 2) noKa3bl- BaeT, 'ITO HPO]1YKT14BHOCTb MHUeJIHSI Act. rimosuS BbimIe, tieM Act. aureofa- ciens. EHje 6o iee cyLueCTBeHHble pa3JIH'I145I Mexcjjy HpoAyueHTaMH 6bIJIH 06Ha- Py}KCHbI B HX OTHOHIeHHH K HCTOLIHHKaM MHHepaJlbHOrO a30Ta. BblJlo yCTa- HOBJIeHO (Ta6JI. 3), tITO o6a OpraHH3Ma XOPOHIO paCTyT H o6pa3yK0T HaH- 60JIbHIee KOJIH'-IeCTBO aHTH6HOTHKa Ha CpejjaX C aMMOHIIHHbIM a3oTOM. HHT- paTHbi1l a30T McHee 6JIarOHpH5ITelI. Ta62Hua 3 Pocm npody4enmce, ucn0nb3ceanue numamenbnbix eeuleeme it o6pa3ceanue aumu6uomuicoe npu ibepMenmailuu na cpedax c pa3nuanbt,4lu ucmounuKamu neopeanultecrco20 aroma (cpeda .1Vs3 C KyKypy3nb1M gKCmpaKmoM) I\O II L(C I IT() a11,1151, H CtIOJIb3OB a 11NC ?r MJI a30Ta, % Be f OKCHTeTpa- 1(HKJLHHa XJIOpTf Tpa- BHKJIHHa aMMOHNb- Nord MH1(eJI HSI, HHTpaTHO-I Mr% r0 (N 1 I4)2S0 E Act. 952 768 NH4CI aureofa- ciens 1082 802 (N H4)2HPO4 155 726 NH4NO3 1023 776 NaNO3 2 44 613 Act. 1758 833 NH4C1 ri ntosus 1553 804 (N114)21-1P04 8229 284 809 NH4N03 833 37 637 NaNO3 547 100 628 CpaBHeIlHe HPOjjyueIITOB Ha cpeije C HHTpaTHbIM a3OTOM 11OKa3aJIO, 'ITO Act.. rimosus HCHO.1b3yeT HHTpaTHbIfi a3OT 3HatI1ITeJIbH0 JIytIHIe H CHHTe3ll- pyeT HPH 3TOM 6oJlbwe aHTH6HOTHKa, tier Act. aureofaciens. 3TO pa3JIHtIHC B OTHOHIeHHH K HHTpaTHOMy a30Ty oco6euHO OTtieTJIHBO Ha6JiloaaeTCSI HpH BBC,aeHHH B cpeiiy HHTpaTa aMMOHH2. H1JOJjyueHT OKCHTeTpaI1IIKJIHHa HO- Tpe6JI51eT B 3TOM ciiytlae O,UHOBpeMeFIHO :IBC (4opMbI a30Ta, TOFJja KaK Act. aureofaciens HCHOJIb3YCT TOJIbKO aMMO1IHHHbIH a30T. BII070PH'IeCKIIA CMb1CJI 0;.11OBpeMeHHOrO HCH0JIb3OBaHH2 OKI-ICeIeHHOH H BoCCTaHOBJIeHHOA (1)OpM a30- Ta, nO-BHp,HMOMy, 3aKJIIOt;aeTC51 B peryJIHpOBaHIIH p1-I, l3 nojj,uep}KaHHH era Ha ypoBHe, 6JIaFOFlPM ITHOM jjJIH poCTa H pa3BHTHiI HpOjYIlCnTa (OpJIoBa H BepXOBItesa, 1959a). CJIe,jyeT OTMeTHTb, 'ITO B cpejje No 8, rite KyKypy3IIblf 3KCTpaKT 3aMe- HCH 30JIOA 3KCTpaKTa, Act. rimosus Tep5leT CHOCO6HOCTb 11OTpe6,TIHTb HHT- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (hu3uo,loeuke.ch:ueoco6enKocru npodyyexroe TeTpMyuknuxo( paTllblB a30T B HPHCyTCTBHH aMMOHHIIHocI COJIH (OpjIOBa Ii BCpxoBUeBa, 1959a). Oco60e BHHMaHHe CJiejjyeT o6paTHTb Ha OTHOHIeHHe o60Hx aKTrIHOMHUe- TOB K cpocc1JopHOKHCJIoI3 Cohn aMMOHHH. Ha cpe,Le C (fJoccjOpHOKHCJIbIM aMMOITHeM, HLCMOTp51 Ha XOpOHIHi pOCT npo]JyueHTOB, H09TH He Ha6JIIOJaeTCa o6pa30BaHHSI aHTH6H0THKOB, HTO CBH3aHO C OTpHUaTe.'IbHbIM B,,THHHHeM Ha 6IOCHHTe3 TeTpaUHKJIHHOB 6oJIbHIHX KOJIHLI?CTB MHHepaJlbHOro (cOC- (popa. H3yoICHHe BJIHHI-IH51 Ha npOUeCC c epMeHTauHH pa3JIHLIHbIX (JOp1'I OpraHH- LIeCKOro a30Ta (pa3JIHLIHbre 6eJIKH, nenTOH, aMHHOKHCJIOTbI) nOKa3a.,10, LITO OpraHHLIecKHI3 a30T HCnOJlb3yeTC}I npO)l,yueHTaMH TCTpaLHKJIHHOB. Oc06eHH0 JlerxO pacluenwlSleT 6eJIKH Act. rimosus, o6Jiajja1on i BbICOKO1i npOTeoJIHTHLIe- CKOII aKTHBHOCTbIO. OAHaKO B CJiyLIae HCHOJIb30BaHHH OpraHHLIecKHx a30TI3- CTbIX BeL]CTB B KaggeCTBe eAIIHCTBeHHbIX HCTOLIHHKOB a30Ta TCTpaUHKJIHHOB, KOK rlpaBHJIO, o6pa3yeTCi McIIblile, LIeM B cpejjax c aMMOHHI1HbIM a30TOM. IIaH6oji HHTCHCHBHbI13 6HOCHHTe3 Ha6JIloJjaeTCH B HPHCYTCTBHH H MHHepaJIb- HOPO H opraHHLlecKOro a30Ta. O6bILIHO B KaT1eCTBe HCTOLIHHKOB opraHHLIecKoro a30Ta HPHMCHBIOT 6eJIKH paCTHTeJIbHOrO npoHcxo)KJjeIlu 1 (KyKypy3Hbti 3KCTpaKT, coeBylo H apaxaco- ByIO MyKy, XJIOnKOBbIII H fOjCOJIHCLIHbIIf X{MbIXH H T. II.) KaK HaH60JIee ,oo- C.TYHHble H JjeHleBble 14CTO14HHKH CbIpbq (OpJIOBa H KotieTOBa, 1954; OpTOBa, LIy1aK H BepxoaueBa, 1955; Op.noBa, BbILixoBa H IIOCTHOBa, 1956; IlonoBa, 1958; Kau, 1958). I4ccjie,aOBaHHe BJIHHHH51 pa3JIHT4HbIx yrJIeBOJ oB Ha (pepMeH'raunlo TeTpa- UHKJIHHOB nOKa3aJiO, LIT0 nPOJjyUCHTbI 3Ha1IHTeJIbHo pa3JIHLlalOTc9 H HO OTHO- IIIeHHIO K HCTOLIHHKBM vrJIepoJja (Op,ooBa H BepxoBueBa, 1957). Act. ritno- SuS paCTeT Ha cpeJjax C KpaxMaJIOM, MaJIbTo30Ii, FJIIOK0301i, raJIaKT030II, rHJj- pOJIOM, FJIHuepHHOM H MaHIIHTOM; Act. aureofaciens 110 cpciax c raJIaKT030Ii H MaHHHTOM HO paCTeT. 06a npo,gyueHTa He c6pa)KHBaIOT JIaKT03bI H Caxa- p03bI. HaH60Jiee 6blCTpo H3 HCCJIeJjOBaHHbIX yrJIeBo.L oB noTpc6.iIHeTC5l rJIK)- K03a: OHa rlOJIHOCTbIO HCLIe3aeT y}xe K 45 tiac. (1epieHTauHH. B COOTBCTCTBHH CO CKOPOCTb1O rIOTpe6JieHH51 yrJleBOU0B HaXO. HTCB H JOCT HpoayueHTOB - 60JIee 6bICTpbI6 Ha cpeje c FJI1OK030fl m 60Jiee McJJieHHbI6 - Ha JjpyFIIX Cpe- xax. O,allaKO, ecJIH HHTeHCHBHoe fOTpe6JIeHHe rJIIOKO3bI HO OLIeHb pe3KO BJIHHCT Ila CHHTe3 xJiopTeTpaUHKJIHHa, TO OHO OKa3bIBaeTCSI Pe3KO He6JIaro- npH59THbIM JIB o6pa3OBaHHB OKC'HTeTpauHKJIHHa, HO-BII.HHMOMy, B CBSl3H C 6o.iee UJIHTeJlbHbIM Act. rimosus nepaoJ oM pOCTa H 6H0CHHTe3a aHTH6HOTH- Ka. 143 UpyrHX HCTO4HHKOB yrJlepo, a npo,oyueHTbl TeTpauHKOMHOB HCHOJIb- 3yK)T TaK)Ke opraHHLIeCKHe KHCJIOTbI H )KHpbI (OpJIO!Ba, 1957; Ilonosa, BeJro- 3epoBa 'H JIeBHTOB, 1955; Ilonosa, JIeBHTOB H CTenanoBa, 1954). 143 HCCJIeJjOBaHHbIx KHCJIOT CTHMyJJHpylonjee BJIH5IHHe Ha 6HOCH'HTe3 OK- CHTCTpaHHK,1IHHa H xJIOpTeTpaUHKJIHIIa OKa3bIBaeT MOJIOLIHa5I KHCJIOTa (Ta6J1. 4). COJjep}Kau aJ cB B KyKypy3HOM 3KCTpaKTe MOJIOL1Ha5I KHCJIOTa, BepOATI-IO, HMeeT TOK)KC HeKOTOpOC 3HaLIeHHe .LUw 600CHHTC3a aHTH6HOTHKOB. OJ[Haxo KO,TIHLIeCTBO Ce B KYKYPy3HOM 3KCTpaKTe HeUOCTaTOLIHO VJI5I o6pa3OBaHH5I \4aKCHMaJlbllor0 KOJIHLIeCTBa OKCHTeTpaUHKJIHHa, H JJOHOJIHHTeJlbHOe BBeje- HIIe ee B Cpejjy npHBO,LHT K CTI4MYJI5IUHH CHHre3a aIITH6HOTHKa (Op.noBa H Bepxoauesa, 19596). OnbITbI HO BJIHHHHIO )KHpOB Ha (4epMeHTaHHIo HOKa3aJIH, 'ITO Jjo6aBJ1e- 11H0 )KHPOB K cpeJjaM, co)jep,}KamHM He, OCTaTOLIHOe xoJIHLIeCTBO yrJIeBO,10B, yCHJIHBaeT pOCT npoJjyueHTOB H CTHMyJIHpyeT 6HOCH1ITe3 TC'rpaUHKJIHHOB, OC06eHHO y Act. aureofaciens. CTHMyJlHpyloujee JjeACTBHe )KHpOB B 3HaLIlI- TeJIbHO6 CTene'HH 3aBHCHT OT YCJIOBHH a3pauaa (Ta6.m. 5), yCHJII-IBaeT pocT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 256 H. B. Opnoea, JI. A. Ilonoea, B. F. Matcapeeuk, 7. II. Bepxoetmeaa Bnusinue xolomoU Kucnombt na o6pa3oeanue xitopmempagwcauna u oxcumempaq uxituna KOJI j(o6a H4ecTBO a.nenuoO KOHneHTpagna aHTH6HOTHKa M OJIO4H OcI KHCJIOTbI, Iir/MJI I% OT KOHTpOJISI 0,0 478 100 0,5 567 129 0,0 480 100 0,2 675 140 0,0 460 100 0,2 640 139 16 0,0 506 100 0,2 550 108 Act. rimosus 822'9 0,0 1817 100 0,4 2612 144 Act. rimosus 118 0,0 2440 100 0,2 2880 118 To xce 0,0 2920 100 0,2 3410 117 Act. rimosus 293 0,0 1320 100 0,2 1860 141 Ha cpeJje C MatIOHpOjjyKTHBHbIM 3KCTpaKTOM IIocJIe yAaaaeHHH H3 HCrO H36bITKa He- opra13n4eCKOPO doc4opa. Ha XopouJeM KYHypy3HOM 3KcrpaKTe nOAOH{HTenbHOro 3(I4eKTI He no.aygaeTCa. IIPO1[YLICHTOB H CTHMyJIHpyeT 6HOCHHTe3 TeTpaUHKJIHHOB, ocO6eHHO y Act. aireofaciens. CTHMyJIHpyIou. ce -1eiCTBHe )KHpOB ,B 3HaLiHTeJIbHOI3 CTerieim 3a- BHCHT OT VC.TIOBIIH a9paiuIIH (Ta6JI. 5). CmuMynupytou;ee aeucmeue noacoitneunoeo Macm na 6uoeunme3 xaopmempaqutcnuna cum. Ns 536 e 3aeucuMocmu om ycROeuu aspaquu (cpeja N 3) KOHIjeHTpagHa K OJI HeCCTHO a JIOpTCTp aI{HKJI H Ha MaCJIa. % Vr/M.II I % K KOIITpOJIIO 0,5 1440 200 0,0 720 100 0,5 1140 175 0,0 650 100 0,5 450 90 0,0 500 100 HO CKOpOCTH HOTpe6JIeHHH ?KHPOB IIpoJ[yueHThI TeTpaumKJIHHOB pa3Jn-lga- IOTCSI UOBOJIbHO pe3KO: Act. rimosus HCHOJIb3yeT )KHpbI HHTeHCHBHee, 'ieM Act. aureofaciens (Ta6,n. 6). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 dJU3U0A021juecnue oco6eHHOCru npodylleHToa Terpa14ulciunoa 257 Ta6n1ILI3 6 TIompe6?eHUC nodcorne,lnoeo mama npo(9ytjcHmamu mempa9urcnuH0e BpeMu IepM uraqull, vacbi Act. oureofac/ens . . . Act. rimosus . . . . . U 1 48 1 TI, 0,50 0,50 0,43 0,27 0,410 0,07 IIOTpe6al-n0 M acJ7 a. % Or 1ICXO,1liOro Koji I1'ICC'rncl C 3TIIM, IIO-BIIJ(HMOMY, CBA3a11 TOT (3aKT, 'ITO IIpu IIpOI13BO,1CTBc. OKCII- '1CT])a11HKJIHIIa HpH HCHoraLuellHll paCXOJI,yeTCB 31Ia11HTCJIbHO 60JIbWe }KHpa, TICM HpH HpOH3BOJICTBC XJIOpTCTpa11HKJTHHa, XOT5I HO HHTeI1CHBHOCTI( BCHC- HHBaIIHSI KyJ1bTypaJIbHble }KHJJKOCTII 06OHX IIpO,RyilCIITOB pa3IIBTCH HC311ar114TCJIbHO (Aa31111KOBa H Op,'IOBa, 1957). CyujeCTBeHHy1O pOJII, B HPOLICCCaX (bepMCHTaLHH TeTpaIu1KJI1111OB HI'paCT HeopraHH9ecKHfl (l)oc(1)op. YCTalloBJIello, 'ITO OT KOHue1ITpauHI1 HeopraHH=Ie- CKOro (POc4)opa B CpCJLO 3aBHCOT CKOpOCTb HOTpe6.ICIIJIB yrJICBOJIOB, 06pa- 3OBa11II0 KHCJIOT, xapaKTep pa3B11THB HpOAy11e11TOB H 6HOCHI1Te3 TeTpaull KJIHIIOB (BeJIbrOBCKaH, IIO0OBa H up., 1957; MaKapeB11l1 H JIa3HHKOBa, 1959; flpoxO(pbeBa-be.JIbl'OBCxaSI H OpJioBa, 1958; Op.noBa H BCpxOBueBa, 19596; llpOxo(pbeBa-BeJIb1'oBCKaB Ii f1orOBa, 1959). ,JIB C1111ITe3a MaKCIIMa,gb11blX K0JIHIIeCTB TeTpauHKJIHHOB Heo6X0;'1HMa CTpOFO OHpe,re.1e111IaH KOIIDe1ITpa1Hn IleopraHHoIecxoro (poCq)Opa B cpeje (Ta6Ji. 7). Ta6.-t11LL a 7 Onnu/MaabuaH Kon14cHtnpa/4us/ doe opa 0.4A o6pa3ceaHUA mempat4uxnuno6 a 3a6UCUMCCmu 0171. ycnoeuu cpepMenma9uu A1IT116110T I1K IIITaMM cpc;ib1 OurumajibIIall 06b Cm 1 K0 IIiIC IITp al11!H CPC;kbl, HeopratimiccKoro Mil P a CTBOpCH lioro Ipoc$opa, Mr % OKCIiTOTpa- 118 125 2,0-4,0 LjI1 KJ11111 118 125 5,0-6,0 118 125 5,0-6,0 293 125 7,0-9,0 h.nopTCTpa- 16 100 3,5-5,5 g1IKJlliii 536 100 3,0-4,0 536 100 3,0-5,0 TeTpa- 16 100 1,0-3,0 1j11K."I111I 16 100 2,0-4,0 3Ta KOH11eHTpaLHB MO)KCT McIISITbC51 B 3BBIICHMOCTH OT 11CIIOJIb3OBaHIIbIX IHTaMMOB, COCTaBa OepMCHTaUI1OHHbIX 11 HOCCBIIbIX Cpej111 OT yCJIOBH1i OepMeli- TauHH (fIpoKo(pbeBa-5eJ1broacxaH 11 fIonoBa, 1959; Op.1oaa ii BepxoBueBa, 1959B). YBeJIHIICIIHe KOHUeHTpauHH HeopraHIIrICCKOPO (j)oC(3Opa B cpejje Bbl- HIe ?onTHMaJIbIIOFi BJIe1ICT 3a Co6OH YCKOpeHHe POCTa HcTpe6:IeTIl[SI yr.IleBOJOB It VBe'111rIC11He (poc(~opa B MH1ICJI1111, r.7aBIIbIM o6pa30M 3a Crier IIyKJIeHHO'BbIX 17 Tp3',jb1 Ill-T,9 MHKpO6HOJ1OrU1f, eb:H. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 258 11. B. Op,iooa, 21. A. 1lonouu, B. T. AluKapcODU, T. 11. Bepxoege6a KIICJIITT, a I aKiKQ y'l iHLIC I1IC xO:1u Iecl'Ba opra,I1u1ICCKHX K11CJI'OT B KyJIbTypa.'Ib- 91oit }KU;JKOCIII (15c1oycoBa if lo1noBa, 1959: 3aHucBa it O?paona, 1959) (pm,. 2, 3). 1000 900 800" 600 500 400 300 C 200 0 4 aC6r PBc. 2. B,,m2HBC HCOprau}I4CCKorO (roc(popa Ha J)OCT IlpoJjyueHTOB, HOTpe6JIeHHe yrJIeB0,LOB, H3MeHCHHe pH H o6pa3oBaHHe oKCHTeTpauHKJIHHa H SJIOpTeTpaLHKJIHHa. 1, la-TeTpauHK- JIHIIbI; 2,2a yrJICBOAb1; 3, 3a - BCC MHueJIHA; 4, 4a - pH; 1-4 - OnTHMaJIbHoe coJjep- )KaHlie HeopraHHVeCKOro (4oc(~Opa H cpeJje; 1 a -- 4a -- nOBbuueHHoe co jep3KaHHe. I--Act. rirnosus 118; II -Act. aureofaciens 536. CTeneiib yrxeTexxH 6HOCHHTe3a 3aB11CI1T OT x36bITO'IIIblX KoII- uein'pauiin HeopraHnueexoro c~occpopa 11 yC.T0BHI3 c4epMeHTauHH (puc. 4, Ta6,a. 8 it 9). Ta6auiua 8 BnwRxue Kont{enntpat{uu neopcanu((ecKcoo cpoecpopa e epede C xyKypy3nb1.u srcemparcmom tin 6u(cuume3 mempa811KRUx06 KoHi(rHTpa- 1(HA (~OC()O- pa, Mr VrHCTCH1iC 611oCH1ITl'- Act. rirnosus 118 OKC B TOT pa Jill K:111 H 2940 1520 Act. aureofaciens 16 XJIOpTeTpauIBKJIUuI 1320 872 Toa;e TCTpa uHK.'IHH 1340 820 B psl;ue cpe;;, Kposle paCTBOpelntoFO sl1111CI J1bHOrO (JocOopa, npH- CYTCTByeT TaK}Ke CB513alnib1H (JoC4)op, r)IaBHbIM o6pa3oM B BH,i[e (poc(j)aTa KaJIbitHo, o6pa3vI011Wroc51 B HpOUecce npuroTOB,neHHu it CTep1JJlH3auH1t epe W. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 0113u0/loeutlecKue oco6eHHocru upodylleHToa rerpat4uKnuH0o 259 Ta6nnua 9 BnuAuue HeopeaHugechoeo r?OCc/Opa Ka 6uccuu- mee mempaquKnuxa Act. aureojaciens 16 na cpede c KyKypy3HbIM 3KCinpaK!OM (cpeda .N 1) e 3aeucuMCemu cm ycnoeu6 aspaquu PaCTeopeel- 06bCM Cpl' b,I, Mn 1Ih16 1liopra- 1I19CCKJJ9 % OT KOHT- $occliop, Mr% Pon13 2,0 1100 100 12,0 4166 42 2,0 1100 100 12,0 366 33 B HpoueCce pa3BHTHA aKTHHOMHueTOB y}Ke B nepBble CyTKH Ha,e7' HHTeH- CHBHOC HOTpe6JIeHHe paCTBOpeHHOrO (4oc opa (Ta611. 10). HepaCTBOpeHHbI4 HeopraHHq{eCKHfI (poCq)Op HCHOJIb3yeT41 o60HMB npo,1yueHTaMH B McHbuIe) CTeneHH. Ta6nHua 10 J uuaMuKa nompeCuenun neopeaxu'iecKoeo ifterpopa Act. aureo- 1aciens 16 Act. rimo- sus 118 N CpCAbl 449. 1689. 1 929. 1116 pacTBOp. (Pocq)op 3,35 0,05 0,1 0,3 CB513aHH. N 0 ,72 0,21 pacTBOp. > 3 ,2 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,1 CBH3aHH. > 3 ,1 2,54 2,68 1,84 2,52 ffpl{Be,aeHHbie MaTepHaJlbI ,aIOT OCHOBaHHe CLIHTaTb, tITO JIJI}1 6HOCHHTe3a aHTH6HOTHKOB OCHOBHOe 3Hat{eHHe HMeeT paCTBopeHHbic HeopFaHHtieCKHc q)OC(JOp, KOTOpbIfl.6bICTpO MO6HJIH3yeTCH npOJjyUeHTaMH H O{Ipej[eJI57eT CKO- POCTb pOCTa, HCHOJIb3OBaHHe H HanpaBJleHHe o6Mena yr.JleBouOB, xapaKTep pa3BHTHB npoayueHTa (OpJIoBa, BepxoBueBa, 19596). 06cJIeaOBaHHe pa3Hbl.,( napTHR KyKypy3HOro 3KCTpaKTa HOKa3aJIO, tITO KatIeCTBO 3KCTpaKTa B 3Ha- 1{HTeJIbHOI4 CTeneHH onpeJ eJl5IeTC5{ co)jep}KaHHeM B Hem HeopraHHtieCKOjo ()oc(~opa (BeJIbrOBCKa5I, fOHOBa H ap., 1957; MaxapeBHtl H Jla3HHKOBa, 1959; Op.rioBa H BepxOBUeBa, 19596; fIp0KO(jJbeBa-Be,,fbroBCKa51 H floHOBa, 1959). Ha1160Jice npOJIVKTHBHbIMH gBJIHFOTCH 9KCTPHKTbl, KOHUeHTpaH.HN MH- HepaJlbHoro q),Mc opa' B KOTOph{x He npeBb{HIaeT 0,9-1,5% (Ta6.n. 11). HpH HCHOJIb3OBaHHH 9KCTpaKTOB, 6oraTb1X MHHepaJlbHbIM (JOC(pOpOM, MaKCHMaJIbHoe o6pa3oBaniie TeTpauHKJIHHOB MO}KeT 6bITb o6ecnet{eno H3Me- HeHHeM 103HpOBKH 3KCTpaKTa B cpeue, CB513bIBaHHCM H36bITKa HeopraHHtle- CKOrO ())oc(j)opa HJIH BhIB0J1eHHeM ero H3 3KCTpaKTa (MaxapeBHtl H Jla3-' HHKOBa, 1959; OPJIOBa H BepxoBueBa, 19596). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 260 N. B. Opnooa, JI. A. Ilonoea, B. T. Matcapecuc1, T. H. Bepxo8i eea Bauanue KyKypy3noeo ~i cmpa ina na 6uccUn/ne3 inenlpa- gUKJ2UH06 6 386UCUMCCr71u oaa coOCp.xcanun 6 aKcntpaklne neopeanu'iCcxoeo Occcpopa (epeda J1_, 1) Co,jep>KaHHC HcopraHHgccKOro cboccpopa B 3KCTpaKTe, o OKCIITCTpfUI1KJ1HH, (1r/M3 (fUT. 118, cpeAa M3) . . . . . . . . 1560 - 3100 X,nopTeTpaquxsHH, Iar/n1A (HIT. 16, cpeAa ,N 5); . . . . . . . . 212 1 1016 1583 (WT. 536, cpeAa Nt 3) . . . . . . . . 6U - 77(1 TeTpaulu U -1 ?-r 3-r 4-H q'030 u J Pnc. 1. l3bICTpoe nepeMemlIBaHHe (CKOPOCTb KavaHnu 80-200 o6/MHH) 400 40 300 30 7 200 20 100E 10 Q 3-.e 4-A 5-R O'a3a Pnc. 2. MelinenHoe nepeMeluHeaHne (cKOpocTb KagaHHH 60-80 06/MHH) 149019 900 u 80 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 72 96 120 144 168 192 6peMA , vac61 Pnc. 3. O6pa3osaHue nenuun,n,nnua P. chrysogenumn HHMI4-243 iipii pa3.nFtvHOii cKOpocTn uepeMemHBaHHH: .1 - 6bICTpoe nepememnnanne n npouecce acer'i 4epmenTannn; 2 - mea.acunoe nepememeBaHne n nepnble 48 'iac. 4cpmenTautw. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 PIic. 4. Kpa41 rAy6HHFO{I KOJIOHIfn, BbLpa^.IeHHGN IIpH Me,L ICHHOM rIepeMeHIH- BaHI11I (npH}KII3HeHHa2 OKpaCKa He31TpaJlbHOli KpacHoil). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 PHC. T. Rpaii r.ny6uiuHOii KOJIOHIiH, BblpauieHHOH Hpu 6bICTpOM nepeMewII- I aHHH (HPH){H3HeHHafl OKpacKa HeiITpaJibHoii KpaCHo i). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B c.ie,gyiownX oilbiTaX MhI CTPeMIIJIHCb C03uaTb TaKHC yCJIOBHH, KOTOpb1P bbl He, JjaBajili Bo3,Nlo; :HOCTH (4Opn4HpoBaTbC11 MHI),eJIHaJIbllb1M Inapl1KaM (r:lv'6HIIHbTM KOJIOHHSIM), T. C. fOJIy'IT'ITb MHLUCJIHFI B BIIJLC OTJ.ICJIbHbIX I'II(j). B3HCIIICHHbIX B fHTaTCJIb}IOM cpeie. J.12 3TOr0 Mbl nOJIb3oBa:IIICb KYCOUIKaMH CTCKJIa pa3JIHlIHOR (JOPMbI (tea- pliKaMlt IIJIII HaJIOtIKaMH pa3.AHUIH0ro Beca), KOTOpb1e HOMeLuaJIHCb B OHbITHb1( KO:16bl Ha 250 CM3. F.IaI'O.gap5i KPYFOBOMY JjBH)KeHH1O )KHJjKOCTH B KOJi6a\ Ila Ka'IaJlKe, CTCKJIO HepCMeuiaJIOCb HO AHy m pa36HBaJIO MHUCJIHaJIb11y10 MaCCy, He JjaB39 o6pa3oBblBaTbCH IIIapHKaM. flpeI(BapHTCJIbHbie HCCJIeJjOBa- Ii1151 110Ka3aJIH, IlTO i3CC H (popMa CTCKJIa, HPHMeHHeMOTO RJin nepeMeIHHBa- irce MHueJIHaJIbHOIO MaCCbi, oaa3brBaIOT 6o,Ib[Hoe BJIHHIIHe IIa XOJj (jJepMeHTa- I(HH. TaK, CTCKJIO B ()OpMe LHaPHKa BeC.Ohi B 1,5 I' BbI3bIBalIO 6bICTpbI1i aBTO- 0113 MHIjCJIHSI. hoJiee Me,IKOe CTCKJIO TOii }KC (1)OpMbI HC r aBaJIo 3aMeT110r0 3(p(7eKTa. )KeJlaeMblli THH POCTa MHI);eJIIH MbI noJiytw.IH npH nepeMeHIHBa- IIH11 O,JHOH CTeKJi51HHOI3 naJIO'IKOfl BCCOM 1,2 I' H UJIIIHOI3 1,5 CM C uonepetl- IIbiM CetieHHeM 0,5 CM. 1'13 H1TepaTYPHbIX J[2HHbIX (Rolinson, 1952) H3BeCTHO, tITO y HOFpy)KeH- 1101I Ky,1bTYPbI P. chrysogenum nOTpe6HOCTb B KHCJIOpOJ[e H3MeHSIeTCH B 3a- I3IICHMOCTH OT BO3paCTa MHIjeJIH51. IIOTpe6JleHHe KHCJIopoaa, OtieHb HHTCHCHB- HOe B TetleHHe HepBbIX 48 tiac. pocTa KyJIbTypbI, K 72 tiac., Koraa HapaCTaHHe MaCCbI MHueJIH51 npeKpaLuaeTC51, pe3K0 naaaeT H aajiee J[ep)KHTC51 HOTITH Ha 0JjHOM ypOBHe, HeCKOJIbKO CHH)KaHCb K KOHIjy (JepMeHTaUHH. YCHTbIBa5I H3MeHeHHe HOTpe6HOCTe}i rpH6a B KHCJIOpOJIe, MbI yljaJisij1H 113 OHblTHbIX KOJ16 CTeKJI51HHy1O naJIO'IKy tiepe3 48 qac. OT HaeaJia (pepMeHTa- HHH. fIpH TaKOM cnoco6e pa3MeIHHBaHHSI He Ha6JI1OJjaJIOCb paHHero aBTOJ1H3a MHUCJIHSI. 143 aaHHbIX, HPHBeJ16HHbIX B Ta6JI. 3, BHRHO, 11TO B onbITHbIX KOJI- 6ax, rge nepeMeLIIHBaHHe rpH6a OCyLL1 CTBJ15IJI0Cb npH ygIaCTHH CTeKJI5IHHOIi IiaJIOteKH, tlepe3 24 tlaca OT Hat-IaJIa (pepMeHTauuH Ha6JHoILaJIC5I HHTtiaTbIfi THH pOCTa MHLICJIH51 (pHc. 6), B TO BpeM51 KaK B KOHTPOJIC K 3TOMy BpeMCHH yiKC o6pa3OBaJIHCb MHueJIHaJIbHble LHaPHKH (pHC. 7). KaK y)Ke 6blJio CKa3aHO. eepe3 48 tiac. OT Haea.la (pepMeuTauHII CTeKJIHHHaH naJIOti,Ka yaaJISIJiaCb 113 xoJ16bi, H C 9TOI'O MOMeHTa yCJIOBH51 B KOHTPOJ1e H OnblTe CTaHOBHJIHCb oJJIIIIaKOBbIMH. O, HaKO pa3JIHtiHbie YCJIOBHSI KyJIbTHBHPOBaHHH rpH6a B Hatia- JIe (1)CPMeHTaIZHH CKa3aJIHCb Ila BCCM J[aJ1b1Iei4ueM ee xoge. BAuRxue xapaKinepa nepeieutueaxun xa ?op iy eny61,11Mtx KOnonuu, dJttuy It tuupuny KnemoK Mut(eJ1uH CJIOHIIB HCpe- MCWHHaHHA IIa Ka1iaJlKr (180 - 200 o6'MHII) B TC'ICIIHC IlepBbIX 48 ~iac. B KOJI6e IIaXOJJHJ1aCb CTe- KJIHHnaa naJim- Ka H0Taaibl i Hill Pa3Mephl H (}la3OBOe COCTOHHMe KJICTOK 4CpC3 72 9aCa Lump NHa A HHa KneTOK, KJIC TOK, YHAOTHCHIie Fo(l) B pblXJ7ble o6pa30BaHHR THna WapuKOB EKOHTpoJIb (603 CTe-' i~FI11C?7 Ha JI b- Halla.90 aB- KJIHIIH01i IIaJ1011- lible Ha.'104KII.T0JI1I3a B 11eH- KH) Tpe WaPHKOB ABT0.-IH3 B RCHTpe 4,96 IIIaPHKOB rlpeoC- Jlapaw- H1aH (pa3a Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B1.uRHUe nepe -we!uucaHUSi Ha pa3BUT(Ie Pen. chrysngenum HHAII!-243 271 Puc. 6. 11111 lajI Nil run porra rpni6a vepc3 21 Baca OT Haea,na (k: ,yiLitiaunu Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 PHC. 7. 11JIOTHbIFI ulapuK 143 MHgeTIHH 4epe3 72 rlaca OT Hagajla cpep MCHrauHH npi 6bICTpOM HpaluetIHH Ka~laJIKII PHC. 8. PbIx,9ble Mllue.waJIbHble o6pa30BaHIM TH,Ia IIIapHKOH ' epe, 72 ~laca OT Ha,Ia.aa cpepMeHTa uiII Hpu nepeMemHHamm rpH6a eTe- KJ11HHOfi I laJIWIKOII Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BliupHue nepeAIeuiuaaHUA Ha pa38urue Pen. chrysogenum HHMH-243 273 MHueJIHII 72-tIaCOBOro BO3paCTa B OIIbITHbIX Koj16ax HMe.7I BHA pbIXJIbIX MHueJIHaJIbHbIX o6pa3oBaIIHII THHa LHapiKOB, JIerKO pacHa,a,aIoIwlxcH Ha OT- ieJIbHble rHcf bI (pI4c. 8). B RaJlbHei ueM TaKOI[ THH pocTa MHUeJIHH 6yuei Ha3bIBaTbCH KHHTLIaTbIM> . B KOHTpOJIbHbIX KOJI6aX B 3TO BpeM51 HMeJIHCb HJIOTHble LHapHKH, B UeHTpe KO"I'OpbIX Ha6.Tuoj[aJIOCb HaLIaJIO aBTOJIH3a (pHc. 9-11). fIpH H3MepeHHH JIJIHHbI H HIHpHHbI KJICTOK MHUeJIH5I OKa3aJIOCb, TIT0 HpH HHTLIaTOM THHe pOCTa MHLIeJIHII 6bIJI 3HaTIHTeJIbHO 'TOJII I.e (6,6 [[), a KJIeTKH erO KOpoTIe (12,78 F.I), TIeM HpH 06bITIHOM poCTe MHUeJIHH B BHue LHapHKOB, rue HIHpuHa rHCp 6bIJIa paBHa 4,86, a J JIHHa KJIeTOK - 28,5 ? (Ta611. 3). 3TH pa3JIHTIH5I MO)KHO o6"b5ICHHTb TeM, LITO HpH HHTtIaTOM THHe jOC'Ta yJIyTILHaeTCH o6MeH BelljeCTB rpH6a C OKpy)KaloLUe i Cpejjoli. rIpH HHTP-IaTOM pOCTe MHuejIHH 6HOMacca OCTaBajIacb HOTITH TaKOYI we (Ta6J1. 4), OJHaKO HeHHUHJIJIHHoo6pa3OBaHHe HpOTeKa.Tio c 6oJIbHHe(I HHTe.H- CHBHOCTbIO, H CpOKH (lJepMeHTaLjHH COKpaI1IaJIHCb jjO TIeTbIpex jjHell, BMCCTO H5ITH-LHecTH (pHc. 12). Hmcon zeHue neiw uR,?uHa e cpede e 3aeucu.uocmu om xaparcrnepa nepeMewueanuR LIaChI OT HagaJla cpepMCHTagHH 7. CJIOBHH HCpCMC- IHHBaHHH IM Ka- yaJIKC (180-200 o6,MHkI) 1 TegenHe oep- Bblx 48 gac. B KOJi6e Haxo- AHJIaCb cTeK- .:IAHHaH HaJIOg- Ka KOHTpOJTb (6c3 CTeKJIIHHOH IIaJ1o KH) 44 I 72 I O0 I 130 I 1-'4 BCC MIIIjC- AKTHB- ] BccmMqc- AKTHB- AKTHBHOCTh AKTHB- BCC muuc- JIHH, r HOCTb, M. C JIH51, F H OCTb, bf. C. IIa CyX0H BCC, M.C. II OCTb, M. C. JIH51, r 0,7520 650 0,9685 925 955 850 1,185 0,9184 400 0,9402 580 616 790 0,9620 CJIe,aOBaTeJIbHO, Ha euHHHUy CyXOFO Beca KOpOTKHII H IHHpOKHII MHIjeJIHI3 > 6bIJI aKTHBHee B CMbICJIe o6pa3OBaHH5J HeHHUHJIJIHHa, qeM 6o.nee aJIHHHbIIl H y3KHII. TaKHM 06pa3OM, pbIXJIbII3 LLIapHK, COCTO81uJHII 113 KOPOTKHX rHC!), 6ojiee HAM McHee OJjHOpOJIHbIX HO HX C!H31IOJIOrHTIeCKH B03paCTHOMy COCTOSIHHIO, HMeJI SIBHble HpeHMyuleCTBa Hepejl HJIOTHbIM LHapHKOM. 3TH HpeHMyni.eCTBa CB83a- HbI C 6ojiee paBHOMePHbIM HOCTyUJIeHHeM HHTaTeJIbHbIX BeLUeCTB K KJIeTKaM, c 6oJIbLHHM COHpHKOCHOBeHHeM KJIeTOK C KHCJIOpOJIOM H C 6ojiee paBHOMep- HbIM CO3peBaHHeM BCeII MaCCbI KJIeTOK MI3ueJIHH, COCTaBJI5I10LUHX pbIXJIbI[3 HIapuK. 11OgBOjj5I HTOFH HOJIyIIeHHbIM gaHHbIM, Heo6xoJIHMo OTMeTHTb, T-ITO HyTeM H3MeHeHH5I cnoco6a HepeMeLHHBaHHSI rpH6a B HaT-IaJIe ero pa3BHTH1I MO}KHO HOJIy'IHT'b pa3JIHTIHb[1I HO MOp4JOJIOFIHH THH pOCTa rpH6a - KpyH'Hble HJIH McJIKHe rJIy6HHHb[e KOJIOHHH, HHTT3aTbIH XapaKTep pocra. YCJIOBHSI HHTaHHH H CHa6}KeHH5I KHCJIOpOj1OM KJIeTOK MHUeJIHSI, 000TaB- JISIIOLI1HX rJIy6HHHyIO KOJIOHHIO, HepaBH03IeHHbI BHYTPH KOJIOHHH H CHapy}KH ee. r103'TOMy BHyTpH rJIy6HHHOI[ KOJIOHHH KJIeTKH MHUeJIHH ROCTHralOT 6ojiee 18 Tpyahi HH-Ta MHKpo6HOJIOr}H, Bbin. 6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 PHc. 9. Ha,ia.,o ar3TOnH3a B ueurpe II IOTHb(x lI(apUKOB (~ICpe3 1-2 iiaca OT Hagiajla (jep MPH ragHH). PHc. 10, To )Ke, 4TO Ha pHC. 9 (vepe3 96 Sac. OT Havana 4)epMeHTaIUHH),. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 BJIURHne nepeMemueatiuR na pa36UTue Pen. chrysogenum HHMH-243 275 PHc. 11. To >Ke, ~ITO I[a puc. 9 (lIepe3 144 vaca OT Hauajta (~epMeHTa1tHtI). 3pe.;10F0 ClH3HOJIorH,iecxOrO B03paCTHoI0 COCTO5IHH51. I.Iy6HHHa5I KOJIOIiH5I ;Ui(pCpepeHUHpOBaIIa Ha KJIeTKII pa3JIHiIH0IO C~H3HOJIOI-HtIeCKH BO3paCTHOFO COCTOAHH51. TaKaSI J[HC~7C~)CpCH141Ia14HSI MHIICJJII51 3UBHCHT OT BeJIH'-IIIHbI My6HH- Ii0H KOJIOHHH. fIpH HHTI-IaTOM THHe pOCTa ITPOHCXOJUHT 60JIee paBHOMepHoe co- 3peBaHHe MH14eJIHR, H K.IeTKIf HaXOASITCH B OJLHOpOJ4HOM B03paCTHOM COCTO5IHIIII. 900- 850- 600 - 750 70 65 600 55 500 450 400 350 300 72 96 720 144 n neMn , aacb1 PHc. 12. I41ITcHCHBHOCTb o6pa3oBaHHH HeHHILHa.Tmua M114CJIueM rpuoa P. chrysogenum B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa HepeMeHIHBaIIHa: I j01IO,111TITe,lbHOe nepeMCinHBaIIHe M1rgejn11T CTeKJI,HHOi Ha.'iO'IKOIi; 2 -- 067.I'IHOC Hepe%ICIIIHBaHHe. ,JAB IIOJIy'IeHHSI 6bICTpor'O BbIXOJ B HeHH14HJIJIHHa 60JIbLUoe 3HaLIeHHe HMe- eT q)H3HOJIOrHqeCKH O,i4HOpoJuIOe COCTO51HHe MH14eJiHSI B OHpeJ4eJIeHHbie q)a3bl CFO pa3BHTH5I. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 B yCJIOBH51X Me)iJieHHoro Bpau1eHH51 KaHaJIKH rpH6 P. chrysogenum HHMI4-243 o6pa3yeT KpyHHble rJIy6HHHble KOJIOHHH, HMeIOIUHe HepaBHOIjeH- IIOC (4H3HOJ1ornIeCKH B03paCTHoe COCTOBHHe MHIZeJIHB. B BTOM CJiyliae B O6pa3oBaHHH neHHU14JIJInHa yLIaCTByIOT He Bce K,JIcTKH MIIItCJIHB, a TOJIbKO Ta LIaCTb H3 HHX, KOTOpaB no CBOeMy q)H3HOJIOrHLIeCKOMy CoCTOBIIHIO cnoco6Ha CHHTe3HpOBaTb HCHIIUHJIJIHH. flpH 3TOM npOHCXOLHT 60Jiee McJZJIeHHOe o6pa3oBaHHe neHHUHJIJIHHa. Hao6opOT, B yCJIOBHBX 6bi- CTpOI'O BpalljeHH51 KaLIaJIKH HJIH npH nepeMCHIHBaIIHH npH HOMOLILH CTeKJIBH- IIbIX 6yc HAeT (4OpMHpOBaHHe 6o.nee oAHOpOAHOro MHIZeJIHB, KOTOpbil{ j[aeT paHHHH 14 6o.iee BbICOKHH MaKCIIMYM HaKOI1JIeH4B neHHULHJIJIHHa. TaKHM o6pa3OM, H3MeHeHHC yCJIOBHII a3paU1,HH H nepeMeIHHBaHHB oTpa}KaeTCB Ha xapaKTepe poCTa rpH6a, LITO, B CBOIO OLIepeJfb, onpeJ[eJIBeT cnoco6HOCTb rpa- 6a P. chrysogenum I4IHMI4I-243 CI11Te3HposaTb neHHI1,HJIJIHH. OLleBH?illo, BbICOKHH BbIXOJ1 HeHHLUIJIJIHHa B npouecce C1epMeHTauHH MO)KHO noJIVLIHTb I'OJIbKO npH HaJIHL114H CTaJUIHHO-OjjHOpOJ(HOH M ICCb1 MHIteJIHB. BbIBOJjbI I. YCTauOBJieHa Koppe:IBL[HB Me}KJ[y Be;mgi Hon H (1)OpMOH FJIy6HHHbIX KOJIOHHK P. chrysogenum If1IMH-243 H CrIoco6HOCTblO rpn6a K o6pa3oBa- HHIO nCHHUHJIJIHHa. 2. (DopMa H BeJIHLIHHa KOJIOHHH 3aBHCHT OT cnoco6a nepeMemBaHHB MHL[CJIHH B Ky.1bTypaJIbn01-I aKHJJKOCTH. 3. Hai geH onTHMaJIbHbIi'i Cnoco6 nepeMenlHBaHHB rpn6a (IIpHMellcHLIe CTeKJIBHHbIX 6yc), npH KOTOpOM J[OCT14raeTC51 HHT'iaTbIR 'rmi pOCra MHIjeJIHB. floc ie yaaJieHHB CTeKJIBHHbIX 6yC MHI1,eJIHI/ o6pa3yeT pbIXJIbUC IHapHKH. 4. B MOp4)oJlorH1leCKOM oTHOIUeHHH MHUCJIHII, BbIpaIueHHbIn yKa3almiIM cnoco6oM, 6ojiee OanopoXeH H 6blcTpee o6pa3VeT neHHUH.TJIHH, LIeM npH Apy- rHX Cnoco6aX KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHB. .IHTEPATYPA 13 M HI C H C u K H ii A. A. OT6op aKTHBHbIX pac Penicillium. H3R-BO AH CCCP, 1951. H e p 0 It 0 B a M. H. BJIBAHHe xnwHUecKoii cTpyKTypbl VrjieBOAOB Ha pa3BHTne H pOCT NHI- ue,nHSi Penicillium chrysogenum 14HMI4-243. MmKHbIM (j)aKTOpOM, MOryIIIHM yCKOPHTb HaKOHJICHIIC KOMHJIeKCa, J40JI}KHa HBHTbCB FJIy6HHHaSI KyJlbTypa Hares, ACJIOB13H Pa3BHTIIH KOTOPOII B IHa- CTOHIItIIl,I MOMeHT H3VHaIOTCSI B JIa6opaTOP1111 HOBbIX aHTH611OTHKO3. 1. BbIHCileIIbI yC77OBiI51 pa3BHTH5I TiarH B HCKyCCTBeHHOir KyJbType. 2. KyJlbTypa dares pa3pyruaeT KJIeT11aTKy 3a IHeCTb MCC51UCB IIa 20%. Pa3JIHHHble LLITaMMbI Hares pa3pyLHaioT 3a I I McCSIIiCB 6epC3OByIO JtpeBeCHHy B Cpc,tHeM Ha 25%, a oJIbxOByIO -- Ha 33%. 3. 1-10 XHMHTICCKOMy COCTBBy HaPOCTbI TIaFH 113 pa3HbIX I'COrpaCj)HTICCKHX paHOHOB MaJlo OTJIIIHalOTCSI T pyr OT ,7pyra. I-IaH60JIbLHee KOJIHHeCTBO BOAO- PaCTBOpHMbIX coeanflciIHH HMeCT OJIbXOBaB Tiara. 4. Oca> gaeibrf HHLMeHTHbI13 KOMHJIeKC Hai-ii, OTHOCHHjeIICSH K BbICOKO- Ho.nHMepHbIM COC,TjHIIeHHHM THHa ryMHIIOBbIX KHCJIOT, o6JIajjaeT (4H3HOJIOrH- TICCKHM gefCTBHCM H HMeeT aOBOJIbHO HOCTOSIHHOC COOTHOLHCHHe BXO)4SIWHX B Hero apOMaTHiICCKHX KHCJIOT. 5. B YCJIOBH51X HCKYCCTBCHHOfl KyJIbTypbI 'Iain HHI'MeHTHbliI KOMHJIeKC, HJfOHT141111 II HpHpOJtIIOMy, 06pa3yeTCSt TOJIbKO Ha cpe;tax, co,gep}KaiitHX HaTHBHbIM IIHFHHH. 6. HpmmemiHe TaK Ha3bIBaeMOI'O 6140JIOrHTIeCKOrO JIHFHHHa, I',ge CB5I3b JIIIr'HHHa C KJICTHaTKOId 6blJla HapyIIleHa, yCKOpHJIO 06pa3OBaHHe HHrMeHTHO- I'O KOMHJICKCa BJ4Boe. 13 o a a a p u e B A. C. TpvTOBble rpudbl EBponeHCKOii nacres CCCP it KaBKa3J. 143a-110 Ali CCCP, 1953. B a H H H C. H. Jlecnaa 4HT0naT0.norHa. JIeHHHrpaa, 1938. 1'I B a H O B H. H. McTOabI CJH3HOAOI'HH it GHOXHMHH paCTeHHH. JIeHHH1-pa3, 1935. K a T a e B C K a H H. H. rlara. Tp. CH6HpcK. HHCTHTyra C.-X. H T1eC0B0acTBa, 1929, T. 10, Bbtn. 1, 39-48. JI a it H H H. H. K Bonpocy o JleneHHH paxa HapOaHbIMH CpeaCTBaMH. JleneHHe paxa Ha- cToeM TpvTOnm B. H. JIIaltotlinleKO6. (1)n3110,10rf5 o6MeHa BelueCTB MHKpOOpraHH3MOB-OCHOBa pa- IIII0HaJibHON TCxH0'10ri111 IiCnOJIb30BaHiHH iix B IIpOH3BoACTBeHHbIx rlpou'eCCax . 5 Al. H. AletlCellb. CTpyKTypliair (!)n3iio.IOPHK MTIKpO6HOR KJIeTKH . . . . . 13 H. ,u. 11c1)l/Ca,tl1JICKUU. 0 3aKOHOMe,pHOCTBX pOCTa 11 p23BIIT11B MIIKpoopraHH3M0B - 20 F. Al. c1 p('HKc'.7b n Al. K. lVctp?ICHKO. CooTHoraeFne )iC IUy 3 HCprCTN9eCKnMIT IlpOUeC- CaBII V neKOTOpbix o6aliraTllbIX It (j)aKy'.ThTaiIIBHbix alai)pc160B . . . 38 3. F. P(I3y11OC3CK0i. 0 3HBBBCH1II1 KOI!UeliTpaunii BCIijeCF'B IIIIT3TeJIbHOii Cpe,bt Iipii OKIIC.IeHlllt Cop61ITa AKCyCHOKHC.iblMli 6BKTCpIIBMli 6 M. C. /1011lpiHCK(l;l. (I)I13110JIOrnH 6aKTCpHli CKOJOFO Crioco6a npOH3BOACTBa y'KCy'C:I If IIX nO.ro}KCHHe B CiICTeMe poAa Acctobncter 52 II. Y. Bece.708, 3. 1'. 1(y3KC(10(3a. 0 ( II3IIO.TOritrICCKOii poJlii o6pa3oBanliiI MO.rlo nHOi'1 rniCJIOTbI roMo(4epMeHTaTnnHblMli M0.TO1IHOKUCJIbIMH 6aKTCPHHMII . . . 1;1 Al. P. FuAUt.iuii . BJiMIHHC HCKOTOpbiX q)BKTOpOB Ha pa3BI4THe it 611oxiiNuiieCKHC C130!1- CTBa MOJIO4fiOKIICJIbIX CTpCIITOKOKKO'B B MOJIOKC 11 CbIpC 72 Al. B. fe611lle,u1t. rlOTpe6HOC'Ib it nilTaMliliax It CHIITC3 HIKOTOpbIX BHTa'viiII1013 rpyll- Hbi B y Ky.TbTyp Streptococcus luctis i10 F. A. Hoeuiro(,a, 9. A. IleTpouu, B. iI. Vint omi it E. If. ceorbunooa. 06pa30B IHlie lliaueTllJla if auu('ToliHa MO.TO4HOKIIC.TbIMi1 CTpeilTOKOKKaMH 87 B. B. cIuIiututj it II. 1'(. Ko.viaHci uR. O6Meti a30Ta y HOBOii pa3HOBH UIOCTII ClOStri- diunt butyricum PrazrHowsky, npoayunpyiomeii 6yTHJIOBbl(3 cnnpT . . . 93 E. A. Patu6a, T. A. FaAKUHU, H. H. 3axapo6a u M. B. KaeaHcKaR. BHOxnMH4ecKlle II3MeHCHIII1, Ha6Jiio. acMble A' HeKOTOpbIX 6aKTeplili KIinIC4IHOII rpynnbl 13 IbpOTMCCCC HX H3MCH9IiBOCT11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1(1' 3. It. Tc'.teezmu a 3. C. Ct(llptt O(3U. BJ(H$I,HIic opraHH'lCCKiIX BeU.I,CCTB Ha HHTCHCHHOCrI, oKnC.ieHnt nporiana y Mycobacterium lacticoluin if Pseudornonas sp. iii) 1. l1. XVl11)0(3CKr(Il. 0 (I)II3nO.TOrn4CCKOii Ilpilpoae CnHTe3a IIIMOHHOII I KHCJIOTbI V AS/)('I- gillus ;tiger Mich_ I (S Y. 1ya.1au/nuKO(3. Bnoxui i'iccs!ue n (j113i(0JI0rn1lCCKHe Oc05CHH0cTH rpiba Aspergil- lax oryzu(' 31 13a11AHtic ycaon(iit era Ky.,7bTHBnpoitaHllu B nPOHI3BO.JCTBe Ha o6pa- 30BaHne aMF40JIIITngICCKIix Ill npOTeOJIHTHBecKHx llepMCHTOB . . . 1:i' P. B. OCHUKcoea u E. A. ,7tadt4aToea. AMH.TOJIHTHBccKaH aKTHBHOCTb Aspergillus oryzae npn BbIpaIUHBaHHH Ha IiCKyCCTBCHHbIX cpe.uax . . . . . . . III( B. B. BRTKUH. B'lIIAHnC coiie11 MaCHn ti Ha (f)epMeIITaTIInHyIO aKTIIBHOCTI, FJIy61iHHOii Ky,TbTypbi Aspergillus niger 150 F. Al. IHauuloactcub. BJIiIIHBe )Ke.ie3a Ha CIIHTC3 pH6o(~.TaBHHa if JjbixaTe,lbHble cacTe- Mbi Apoxcxceii Candida Guilliermondii 157 A. B. J7o3uHo6 u B. A. Ep tiakerKO. (DH3HOJIoraueCKne 113MeHeHHSI Saccharomyces cerevisiae IIpH a.aFlTauHH K NaF 165 M. A. Ka/CIOCIcnbtu. Cop6uH5i Apoxt)cei BOJIOKHaMH ueJIJIIOJI03bI H ee 3Ha,ieHne npH c6pa3KHBaHIIH CyJII 4HTHbIX n[eJIOKOH . Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 JI. T. Horxutia. BHOXHMHYecKHe OCHOBbI CymKH x Ie6onexapHbtx jpoxtxceii . 183 E. A. 17Aeealco. B.IIHHHHe KOHBCHTpaUIIH HHTHe IbHbIX BeLUeCTB Ha CKOpOCTb 1OCTa . pomxceL-caxapOMHBeTOB HpH K}'JIbTIIBIIpommni H HX 110 Bo3Aylnuo-npHToOHOMy cnoco6y Ha Me.naccoBbix cpe,iax 195 3. 3. apy6,7Rxeti, H. H. Trcaueitlco, 3. T. I1oaxosa. Oco6exxocTlI e6paxcnBallnsl ipe- BeCHblx r1IApOJIH3aTOB ,apoxcxcaMH Schizosaccharomyces Pombe . 203 C. dl. Bpun6epe, E. H. Cypuxoea, B. A. Cecepua, 0. 3. Tpa6osclcaR u T. II. Tpuxlon. CpaBHHTeJIbHOe q) H3HOAonHt1eCKoe nCCJIe.IOBaane HITaMMOB Actinomyces strepto- mycini B CBH3H C 611oCIIHTe3oM CTpe1ITOMHBHHa '''1',_' T. B. Ka3aucKa. u E. A. Andpeeaa. BJIHBHHe a30TIICTbIX C~paKBH}l COeBO3 MyKH 11 HeKOTOpbIX aMHHOKHCJIOT Ha pOCT II 6HOCIIHTe3 CTpefTOMHUHHi . . . 225 M_ H. Bexrepesa, H. A. Kocueaeea u B. 3. XpscaHoecrcaR. IJH3HOxornrIeCKHC oco6eu- HOCTH Actinomyces lavendulae B CBB3H C yCJIOBHHMH KyJII TIIBHpoBaHnA . '23 k H. A. AeaTO6, H. M. chedoposa u Jl. A. TaJaxuna..UIIHaM~HKa cpoc~opcojepxtaulHx BeuleCTB MHueJIHH Actinomyces violaceus B CBB3H C ero clnoco6110CTbIO o6pa3o- BbIBaTb aHTn6HOTH9eCKoe BelIleCTBO 2415 H. B. Opnosa, JI. A. Honoea, B. T. Maicapesuu, T. 17. Bepxoseyeea. (bHSHoaorIolecKHe oco6eHHOCTH npoAyaeHTOB TeTpaLHKJIHHOB 251 H. M. Hepoxosa. BaIMRHe IlepeMCHIHBaHHB Ha pa3BIITHe Penicllllum chrysogenum I'IHMI-1-243 1I o6pa3OBaIIIIC HM ncHHUHJIJIHHa 2(ti~ 0. R. Husrcoscxaa, H. M. Mun.osa, A. H. ILluepuna, E. B. .7oBRZUUa a E. T. Hnaro- xosa. K BOnpocy 6HoJIorHH H 6HOXIlMHH KV,nbTypbl =Iar1I 277 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 4~H3HOJIOrHH H 6HOXHMHSI MHKPOOPfaHH3MOB Tpydbl IIHCTUT!Ta xuKpo6uo,toetIU, (3wn. 6 (c6opHuK pa6oT) YTeepaOeno K ne'aTu IIHCTUTyTOM MUKpo6uoA.oauu AKaOeMUU Hay,c CCCP PeuaKTOp M3J aTe~bcTBa E. J. Py(5ar TexHx'tecKBt3 peRaKTop T. A. Acraqbbeaa I'IICI) All CCCI' J' 109-50B. C)lano B Ha6op 4/VI 1959 IloJLnncauo K ne'iaTH 23/X 1959 r. cDopmaT 70X108'/1e. I le i. 1. 18 = 21,66 ycm. nc . .n.= 22,7 y4.-H31i. .1. Tnpa:K 2000 9K3. T-10376. Man. .Nh 3765. TBH. 3aK. No 3513 I13naTe.T1,cTBo AKaaemHH Hayx CCCP MOCKBa. 5 G2, IIo;lcocenaatii nep., 21 2-si TBnOrpajMHB I'I3J[aTeJlbCTBa MOCKBa, F-99, IlIy6BHCKH nep., 10 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 CTpx- H 11 Lk a 175 J1(i Ta6a. 3 rpacpa I Taft. 3 rpa4 a 1 06blvHaa raloK03a 200 Ma CpeAa Co++ KHCJIOTOMOJIO4HbIX + o6bl4HaH FJ IOKOaa. CpeAa + Cow KHCJIOMOJIOqHbIX Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 15 p. 90 K. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 AI{AAEX HII H A Y H CC CP TPYAbI HHCTHTYTA rEOrPA DHH LXXVII MATEPHAJIbI II0 rEOMOPWOJIOrHH H IIAJIEOrEOrPADHH CCCP 21 PABOTbI HO CROP OBO-IIbIJIbAEBUMY AHAJIH3Y 1959 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 T 11 1 1;X\1'I _1J.1'1'I:PLE~ ~Ih 110 1,E011UP 11 11.1,IF.UI'1~01,p (j)0' 10E111I 1 ~pI111 CC(: P 21 PA-bOrFLI 110 CLIUI'p~ - ~ IIbI ~Ib -u rB AID ; AVIg3y ](3r~ATL,i1LC!'IjU -11i.1 IElIll1( 11A~'1i CCCP 1959 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 ruercmncllnhlii aOI:'fOj1 I'corp (~11f~1CP,I:ItS 11 ill I: 13. 1!. T P 71q Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 lipE'jIiC.-T013TIEE IIaCTOJI1T 111 I3LInyCH KMaTepnaJloB 110 reoMopf1oJToriul it nalleoreorpaCiiU1 CCCP> m;.'I1O'Ia0T 13OCeM1, CTaTe11, 13 OC1iOBy KOTOPbIX IIOJIO)KCHbI gaHHble, HOJIy- 'ICHlllile B HpOEeCCe HOJIeBbIX pa6OT H ImmepaJlbHbix IICCJ1eAOBaIiI11, IIpOBe- jeIiHbIx Jia6OpaTOpllei'I CHOpOBO-IIbIJIbi[eBOro aHaJII33a IIHCTIITVTa reOrpaCuiii All CCCP. ,2IBe nepBbre cTaTbll cooopimEa - B. II. I'pl'iyHa it 3. H. I7y6orniloii - IIOCBHIueHbI pemeinllo cTpaTlirpacJJH'1ecHllx IIpo6JieM. CTaTbn B. H. Fpnuyxa 1;acaeTCH Bonpoca o rpaIlliue Me?KJry TpeTHiIHOii n =IOTBepTI1MI]Oii CIICTeMaMH, yCTaxaBJlnBaeMo i Ha OCHOBe naHIeo6oTannYecKHx gaHHLIX. BOnpoC 3TOT B lIOCJIeJJ11110 FOAM mIIpOI,o J1;IICHyTIIpyeTC51 HaH B COBOTCIIOII, Tali ii B 3apy- 6e H1ioTI JIIITepaType, HO BCC BbICICa3bTBaBIIIIICCH AO cerO BpeMelill TO'3HII 3pe- 111IH OCHOBbIBaJIJICb FJIaBHLIM o6pa3OM Ha aHaJln3e Ha.Ieo3O0JIorlplecKIIx II reojlorn'IeCKnx MaTepiiaJIOB. B CBH31I C BTIIM HpuBJIeHeine 11JIH pemeHIIFI aroro IlOnpoca naJIeo6oTaHII iecICIIx MaTeplIaJIOB IIBJIJIeTCH 6e3yCJIOBHO nHTepeCHbIM. B CTaTLO 3. H. Fy6oHITHOiI n3JIara1OTCH pe3yJIbTaTbI naJleo6oTaHIigeCIioro I13- yxielTIIH i1eTBepTIr 11TAX OTJIO?KeHnYI CeBepHOI3 HaCTII 3anaJ Bo l Cn6npii, H geJIaeT- CII IIOnbITKa pa3pa60TI;II HIOBbIX HPHeMOB HHTepnpeTal[llll pe3yJTLTaTOB cnopo- rlO-TIbIJ1bI(eBOro ana 11I3a. 3Ta CTaTbTI IMeeT Ile TOJIbIO TeopCTlTLIeCI:Oe, 110 11 lipaKTHgIeChOe 3ITaHemie, Tai Kar yCTanOBJleHne CTpaTnrpaO1TH OTJIO;KeHHF1 :)TOii TCPPIITOPIIII IIco6xoJjnMo J>;JIB pemeHna MxorJIx Ba}KHbIx 3aJ;a I . CJIegyrou ne -qeTblpe cTaTbII - E. A. MaJlbrlnloil, P. B. lJe,IopOBOii 11 Al. X. MOHOC3O11 - TIJICIOT M%IeTOJ;I1gecInI7 XapaKTep. B 1114X OcBeuI aIOTCII Bo- HpOCbT 0 3aRoHoMepiiOCTHx BO3Aymroro nepenoca HbIJIbALI H Cnop H 11THX (JOp111IpOBa11IIB CIIOpOBO-IILIJIJ,1 eBblx CIIe1TpOB B yCJIOBITHX HyCThnlb. Ile1BOMV 113 3THx BOHPOCOB HOCBI1ll exa o6mnpnaH JIIITepa'rypa, B OCHOI31I0M oCBen aio- Igan Iia'IeCTBeHIIyIO CTOpOHy yHa3aHHoro npouecca. B CTaTb}X P. B. (De,[opo- BOil II M. X. MOIIOC3O11 IIpI113O,1JITCa jaIllllm 0 KOJIII'ICCTBeHIIMIX 3aKOHoMeplio- CTHX Irpoiiccca, 11 IIOJTOMy 3T11 CTaTb1I IIMCIOT CyH ecTBenHOC 3Ha'IeIIIIe ;AJ1B yrJIy6J1emin HamIlx 311a1111ii B 3TO1I o6JIaCTII. 'ITO IiacaeTCB npopecca c opMH- POBa1111H CHOpOBO-IILI IbIJCBEIX CHelcTpOB B nyCTblllrIX, HCCJIej 0Bamilo HOTOp0TO IIOCBBrgeua CTaTbn E. A. MaJIbrInioii, TO ;AO CITX HOP B JI1ITepaType OTCyTCTBO- ra:rll Kamie-JIH6o ja1I11bre HO 3TOMy BonpoCy. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 3a jiiogaioiuue c6opHhIK cTaTbII P. B. IIa,gopOBOii Ii M. X. Mo11oc3oii no MopI oJIOr!III IIbMJIbI[bI II CHOP neKOTOpbix coBp3lIdHHGIx paCTelillii cojepa aT cBe,1eHHa, HOo6xoUImble ,"{JILT orpe,,1cJIeHIIH IIbI:IbqeBbIx II CaOpOBbIX 3epeII B IICKOIIae'Om COCTOIIIIIIII. aHIIbIC, coo6raombie 3TIIsIII aBTOpaMi, IIecoAnleII- 110 6yj1,yT CnOCO6cTBOBaTb pacmupeallio Bo3MSO?KIIOCTH BIIJ1,OBbIx onpeAeJIeHIIii JTIIX paCTeHII1 IIPII CIIOpOBO-IIbIJIbIAOBODI aiia:III3e. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246A054000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 A J EMHFI HAYR CCCP 1959 TPYJJ,bI IIHCTIITYTA PEOPPADIIII Biinyci 77 B. 11. FPIILIYI; Ilr3i I iji rrmri IJA 1111EEIII,MIICro 11E1iR) IA (CIICTE111bl) II EE CTPATIII'PAgji'IECh0E 110JI0diEI1IIE IIA PYCCb1011 PABHIIIIE HI'HIIHI1IIb1 EbJJIPJI1,:111u i tIETE.EFThLI1[C1-0 IILI'IIUJIA LBOIIPOC 0 1111 1IICi1 rpan111je 'ICT1',epTll'll10ro nepnoAa, 11CCIIOTpn na er0 TCopeTIlzleCCOe II nparTIi iCCree 311a'lenne, go Clix nop Cnte 01;01i'1aTeJlb1JO He perllcil, har I1313eCT110, 011 InnpOI;O o6cymjaiCn Ii 1032 r. Iia 11 I;oIIOepcuullil I\1ea1;Aynapo;lloii accoiitaijt111no 113y'1eil1l1o '3CIP('pTn'iuOrO Ileplio a E13poub1 B CBI1331 c pelilei iienl o neo6x0A11niOCT1J cocTal3Jlennn nlearRy1iapoLJoii I;apTbl 'IeTBCpTII'11]blx OTBO)I;CIII11i. Fla 3TO11 I;ollOepellll,11n, Ii COOTIIPTCTIiI111 CO 133FBi ;tail]! 60:11.M11UCTBa 1icc:ieAOBaTe:leii, 6b7-10 pemen0 IipouOAIITh iiin cuioio rpa- Ilnrjy 9TOli C1ICTeA1LI 1111;he oT Io;oelulii 3110x11 n11111Ae:lbcuOrO OJIeAeneillln (npn 3TOM nplln1AIaTlocb, ']TO 1111111,-3eJlbci;0My OJIerenerl111o AJrb11 COOTBeTCTByIOT ApeBneiirllee o.nelenenile Pyccroii paBIIuI1bi 11 a:lbcTepcl;oe oJleAenenne Ce- Bepo-repnlalici;oii IIn3nlennocTn) I. 'laxoe cTpaTllrpa(j)n'Iecl;oe IIOJloaI;e]lile IiIiar11e1I rpalliii hf'IeTlicpTn'11101I Cii CTCMLI ];ar o(Illjna lblloe pemelilie Die?i;Ayuapo;1i0ii roll(jiepeni uii 6bi io iip11 nlTO B CCCP 11pli Bcex C'bei\10'1l1b1x n Apyr]Ix reo:lorn'Ieci;i x pa6oTax a iicc ie- AoBanllnx. 13 OTIIOJiIeilllll Bne.7e1jl111l;OBOii o6JlaCTn npnulepno B 8TO are Bpe11In CTaJ10 o61ltenp111JnTbin1 (ncXOAn B OCI1OB110n1 Ili pa6OT A. It. IIaBL]ona) npOBO- A]ITi, -,)Ty rpalliluy no n0A0mBe 6aI;nncrnx 0TJI0?rer11iI1. 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C31CTenlaTn'1PC1;IIli 063op Bcex Ony6JII11;olIannbix nlarepIla710B, OT1iOCnIIt11x- cn 1; Aaimoii npo6.ienie, npeACTarJiBeT 6oJ11m11e TpyAIlocTIl yme B CiJ1y cnoeii o6mnp11ocT11 (Aaal;e ecJIII orpainl'InBaTbcn COBeTCKOii TJIJTepaTypoii) If ne IBXOAIIT B Ilamy 3aAa'3y.0Tn1eT11n1 T0JIb1;O,'ITO aBTOpBI COOTneTCTBYIOMIIx pa6oT, ncxoAa 1 B 'ieTBepTn'1ny1o CIICTCAly BEJ11o9aJlacb TaMEe ToJiala oTJon{ennii, ]IenocpesCTBeiJJIO npeAmccTByloninx 3TOii Jtelttrnronoi} Onoxc (rip eAneJnn 11oB1,Ie oTJIMM111n). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Ili paaJll'IHbIX npHHr IHHaJ1blIblx coo6paalielillii II 11OJIb3yslCb paanblliu nia- Tepua:ianllr, Hpex1 TiaraloT HpOBO3SIITb aTy rpauin y no canbiM pa3JIHHHLIni C'I'pa9'llrpa(IIL'Iecnun ropII3OIITaM, llaBnuaH O'r CCpejjlIHbi HJreiiCTOJjella (ecJni 61)aTb ime.TioLullii B o6ujelpl11I HTbIx pailnax) II lcolIBa51 MIIIo1I CHOM Bls'IIOHHI- TC.I1,110. OTO paalloo6pa3Ile TOBCi 3pe1111A xOpOII[0 Bblpaall:llf. 1~. HunoTIaeB, VraaarunIii, 'ITO (B IIaCTOalgee BpeMMH ripHjj JI1I MOH;H0 IlanreTlrrb imuyIO-moo cTpaTnrpal1uuechylo rpanuiiy yrealcjjy 'leTBepT1I'1HOii H Tp(Tll'1II0ii cIICTeMaMlll, ni' BOBTOpnri VHW pauce cioe:raIrulax Hpe;jJloxcelulii> (1950, CTp. 9). llplniojjl!Mau 11 farce Cxenla, B IcOTOpOii cBej[CIIbr HpejjaOaielluB pllja a13T0- pOB, IIORflablBaeT, 'ITO B aTIIX C:IOBax HOT lrpeyBCJIIIMIeIIIIH. I . ~Ie Hl1r.OB 21ST 06:IIICTb COBpeVICIIIiI III (1111C:Te IC; 111 11 6 013 1 1 11) liropyICHBii PHcr'-BIOpMCICiIii PHC(Hlnr i\173HJIerrb-pHCCIZ IIii 11111 IJIC.ILCHHII 1'I0H11-\ IIIIIaejibCHIIii I IOHB,Ciffir C013peMelln1Bi XBaJIbIHCHJIii Xa3apCCnii 13ai:HHrcnii AHBIepolclalii, 'Iay)[HHCHHii Aic'Sari m,cia H, Hyn7n,rlll ll,r:rril IIpoaiyHTHBBbrii, liillMcpIIikEIIii HonTHHCCHIIii P. 11. 1iporo(. (199 1'.) J, 11. Co6oacB (1940 P.) A. 11. HOBNOB (1925 r.); B. ]I. 1'P()- MOB (194(1 r.); F. (1). 111Ip'niln: (1940r.): 1'. 11. l'opclrr:Hii (195(1 r.) 11. 11. A.II;jpvc'oB (1918 F.) A. It. HaBnoB (1925 r.); 1'. H. Fe- peiIumii (1956 r.) J. H. Co6ooieB (1940 r.); U. II. 'ienico (1948 r.); C. A. HTCOBJCCB (1950 r.) 13. H. 1inscgeHHo (1950 r.); C. A lie- BaneBCHHir (1933 r.); A. It. nlocHBH- Tlui (1956 r.) 13. it. 1'poTOB (1948, 1950 rr.); H. 11. Fiiri:e.raeB (1949, 1(950 rr.) I A. 11. 1\I0CHBHTIIII npOBOJ[HT IIli:lcHI0I0 epalililjy ' IC'rBepT1PIII()ii (J1CTC- )Ibr I111Xcc OT:roaceHHII )1'IIaitCIcer( O:Ioieneniln, rIpe9IIICCTBOBIIBIHCrO P10Hq- i: OIV. 3TO o6HJiire pa311oo6pa3I1blx 11 B3alrnloIcnJlloualoullx Irpejj31oai OHliii cJie- ,jyeT, 110 Bllj[IIMOnly, CBH3bIBaTb co y1HorHnrH o6cT0HTe.nbCTBaMIH, 113 1OTOpbIx MbI OTMeTIIni 3;"jeCb JIHIHb ABa, c iiamIIeLI TOtIAH 3peI114H, HaH6OJIee CyHteCTBCHHbIx. TalcllM ooCTO31TeJIbCTno1A Ilpc +cjje BCerM J1BJIIICTCH OTCyTCTBHe eAIiIICTBa 113r/IIIAAOB Zia IcpnTepulI, ICOTOp1,I8 jjOJU+ZiIbl 6bITb HOJI0aH011bl B OCHOBy BbIJjeJIe- I11111 'ICTncpTri'IIIOrO HepTojja. BOHpoc TOT jj0 CIIx HOP OCTaoTCn HO'ITII Hepa3- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 pa60Ta11111,1 I. ABTOpbI 1>;ar: uUII~IIX paouT no '1(TBepTlr'111u11y- II('p1lo;jy. 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II. 1 pOi1IOBa, 'I0TBepTII'II1bTR nepuuO;[ (ROTOpbIH 011, HOJb3ynCb TC1)MIIH0M A. Fl. HaBJIOI3a, IIpejJraraeT II.1:3bl laTt, ailTpoHOrenoBmAt H(,plIo,AoM) C.1IegyeT ra'ilillaTb ropa3;1o pallbTIIe, a 11111011110 C ii0JIT a M1i0I eIIa, 11or;(a TIOTIBJIHIOTCH COBpeMeHnble p011jI II Iro;(CeMeiiCTT3a M1ex0LHiTalo!iJix, a Tali}Be Hpe;I,hOBble (Dop- 111b1 'Ie.TIOBeICa. B. 11. I'pOMOB y1;a3bIBaeT, 'ITO IIpiI Ta1;OM II3MeITeIlIII1 IIimme1I rpaHIII bI oil 110.1V'IaeM Bo3MIO BIIOCTI, 'ICTI;O BbIJ[edTIITb IIO (ayie MJICBorIITaIOII(IIX T1)1I oTJJeJla LTOro nepioj a: I - n iiioI1;e]I - J[OJIC 1II11;0BM1I alITpOHOreII; II - u.TefiCTOI(CII - 'Ie,kIIIIN0 lb1ii aHTponoren; III - rOJIOI(en - lroCJleJIeLHIIl;o- II,I ii aIITpOIIOrelr. OJ(pIaio, Ile OTp1II[a5 cnpaBo,');JIIIBOCTII 3ame'IaHIIH B. H. rpoiOna o pone Ila;reOITOJIorIi'IecBIIx Ranllbix in IIOCTpOeHIIH o6rr eii reoxpoHOJlorii IecI;Oii ifIi;a.IIbl, c ero BJIBOJOM IIeiIb39 corJlacIITJ,CH HO MHOPIIM coo6pa;I;enIIllM. OJ(ll0 113 IIIIX 3aK.IIO'IaOTCH B TOM, TO IIpiI TaIOM TO THOBaTImI o6'beMa 'IOT- BepTll'nloro HepHoga B O'Iem. CIIJIbHOH CTOIICHII, eCJITI 110 HOJIHOCTbIO, 3aTy- n1eBbTBaeTCH ero OCIIOBHaH oco6exxocTb T;ax nepno;>;a,n HOTOIOMY IIprlypo'Iello II[J 011110 rpa1IJJ,n03HbTx MaTepllhonbIX OJIegeHenupI, OCTaI1ITB1IITIx 6o.11,rIIHe (lilt MellbIrllle cTieRbl B 7HITBOiI Hpiipo;e Bceri 3eMnn. BmiecTe C TeM II3BeCTHO, 'ITO ('11(C B 1897 r. VII ceccim Me;hjynapojuoro reollorii,iccitoro I oiirpecca yiia3aJIa na Heo6xO;AHMOCTb y'IHTbIBaTb IIpH ycTa- 110l3JlOlTIIll rpaIIII1( ilex;J(y CIICTCMaMII, ITOMIIMO HaJIeOBTOJIOrII'IeC11Hx Aaimbix, TaKIBO IT J(aniIbie, OTHOCHH[necH I; I;pylTIIbIM (II3IIHO-reorpac u'reCKIIM HBJIeHII- TIM, pacIlpocTpaIIHBBIIIMcn na BeCb 3OMHrOii map. 3Ta pelioMen,,aI);IiH, Tpi11iIU1HnaiIbllaH Hpa1HioiI, 1OCTb I;OTOpOiI HIIKeM HIIHOrja He, OcHapIIBa- TaCb, necoMIIeH11o ;[OJnICHa UbITL VHTeHa B H0pByIO O'IOpOAb B OTTIOIIIeIIIIH no- C:Ie;J;IIHx aTairon reoJIorIr'reCI;Oii IICTOpHII. :Ana,iorII'IHan To'Hfa 3peHIIH 6LIJla Bblcha3aIIa it cnel);Ha J,Iloii CTpaTHrpa(11- 'iecI;oii HoMlrccllen Bcecolosnoro re0.Toropa3Bejo'IHoro HnCTnTyTa. B I13J(aH- lloii LTOii AOIIIICCTICII B 1954 r. paooTe (CTpaTllrpa(fn'IecHlle II reoxpOII0.ilorlr- 1 P BOCJICJ[HCC BpeMtl I; 3TOii TOM;(' 3peB1IH liplleOeJ(IIHII:LIr(b H. I',. HBi;II(J)opoIia if It. H. hpaCIIOB B OIIy6.11IN0Ba1li1oii I0111 COBMOCTITO C H. 11. J'pOIIOBbIM CTaTbe (1958). Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 'iecl:uw iioApaaleJlenlln)) y1Ca3Lrl3aeTCA, irTO Jla:le011TOJI0rll'IecIille MaTepila Tit 11BJSIIOTCSI 11t1lrb 'IyTI IiMII 111191 1aTOpaMTT npogecca pa3B1ITl111 3011:I11 11 110 11110- IOT caMopjOBJIeioltwro analielinn ;(351 CTpaTllrpa(f)n1lecl:nx rrojpa,-geJlenni[ 60JIb- 711010 1laCI[Ml6 a (3p, neptio,7 B, 3IIOx). 1 pit DTOAI 1IOlTIepI;I1B3CMI, TIT0 1ZpTLTC pill[ ;(.:t5I BLTJ[e3('111111 IIOU1011n1lx c:reJ(yeT IIChaTL B IICTOpi]II L3elllIt, 11IIpOI 0000 pa:3IILITUB reOrpa(I1ITIecuoii Cpelbl. LCJIII 11Cx0,jI1Tb 113 )TIIX 110311Iklltl, TO C:10r(V0T IIpIl311aTb, TITO SIB30111IS1, 113 1;0'ropore vi;xmlBaeT B. I1. 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OAHaI;o 1113)1 Hpe//CTaBJIaeTCSI, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 'ITO IIOllbl_'rliIT IIaMCTIITI, IiaTioe TO peHellne P,O1Tpoca o rpalul1JC )TIIX HCp11OjtOB 110 DILTCp11i iaDI, OXBBa'rbulalOlrplM 11111111, Orpanll'Tel)IlybO CVMMy (J)al;TOT3, Tlallp11 MCI) na:le06OTa111I'Ieclillx, BCC ire Ile 71i111C1ILr II3BCCTlrO1'O lrnTepeca xOTJI 61r VMW 110 0 1lOlly TOAIV, 'ITO OllIi IIOrYT HBTITI Cll pau"O'Iilliii I'll noTe:3allII ,ta51 j[a;Ibllellllllix IICCJTC;I,OBaiiliii. Ii CCC1' cline Ile np01I3Bo:pl:IIIC1, CIIC1),IIa.f1MILre I1a.ACOuOTaTIII'ICCi i C ITCCae j olmi11111 II ClIIMIr C 11011p000Il 0 IIII;IClien rpaHI1III;C '1CTllepTlr'1110i1 CIICTeMbr. 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EcJIn IC152110'11lTb nelsOTOpble olipeAeJle- HnH, JIlntlb IIpeInoJloSHnTeJIb1O OTIIeCOII1Ible ri TOMy IIJIll imomy poAy (ICalf, Ha- rpltMep, Sincarpites ovalis Schm., Myrtophyllum Warderi Lesqux vi Ap?), TO MO1IC11O CIIHTaTb yCTanoBJIOIIHblM npncyTCTBHe BO (JIOpe B paiiolle c. MOrHJIb- Ho n peAcTaBHTe.1eii 25 poAoB . 1 13 6oJIee 11039H81i pa60Te 11. B. 11BMOIIOBa (1954) Bblcra3bIBaeTCS1 3a 60.,w) pa1BHli BoapacT 7TOii (Jlopbl, lie npHBo n, BHpozleM, BHHa1BX HOBbIX 9ol.a3aTeJIbCTB. A. It. ICpIIIuTO- (JOBIIH B P,990 CBOHX pa60T TaHHSe yIIaabnlaeT, HTO 3Ta ((JIOpa HBJIaeTCJI 6o:1oe PJIHBlleIi - aOsleHoBOB. HaHux-ji i6o JIOIa3OTCJIbCTB Oli Ta13 He lie, III)BBO.LHT. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Podocarpus I Quercus Laurus Dammara (Agates) Ficus Oreodaphne Sequoia Persoonia Daphnogene Clyptostrobus Gretillea Euonymus Sabal llakea Eucalyptus Smilax Magnolia Aralia Salix Cinnamomum Andromeda Carpinus Persea Myrsine Diospyros B o n x II ru ii II a. B paiione c. Bo.nsnxrullllbl B necgaHHxax, ananonl'l- nblX Hec'aBllxaM c. Morllabllo, fl. (D. Jlen=ieHxo (1929) onncan oBelib 6.nr3- KyIO no CBOCMy COCTaBy II He Alenee 6oraTylO (JJIOpy, BKJIIOuTAJOH yIO 54 BHAa. CXO)jCTBO BIIAOBOrO COCTaBa H ycJIOBHIi 3aiieralinfl H03BOJIfieT OTHOCHTb DT}' i iopy Taxx;e H TOHrp1iHCKOMy npycy. 3Aecb yCTaHOBJICIIO Haminne npeAcTa- BIITenel?I 25 p0 OB APOBecHbIx n HYCTapHHKOBbIX HopoA. Podocarpus Quercus Cinnamomuui Agathis (Oamrnara) Dryophyllum Persea Sequoia Ficus Pittosporum Charnaeraps Hakea Diospyros Sabal Lomatia Ilex Salix Banksia Eucalyptus Carpinus Magnolia Andromeda Corylus Liriodendron Bumelia Neritium T it M. 3lla=I1ITeJIbHO BocTOiIllee o6JIaCTH pacnpOCTpaH0HHH BOJIhIHCFIIX necllaiHxoB, Ha l0TiHOII oxpanae CpeAHe Pyccxoii Bo3BLIIIIeHHOCTH, pacnono- 1xeH BTOp0H pai'Ion C BLJXO Mn OnHro1 e}OBbIX neCTIaHHKOB, co eplxaIuux pac- TnTeJIbllhIe OcTaTxll. Ha16onee Ii3BeCTHOII IT n3yilenllofi $1BJIHeTC59 TIIMCxaH c).nopa. B paiione r. TIIMa KBapueBble IlecMannxii MoWHOCTbMO 2-3 .4t 3aJIe- raiOT ne60JIMHHMII 11I5ITHaMII Ha Bojopa3AeJlax, B HIIx iIaCTO OTMeM 1OTCFI OTne- iIaTKII JIHCTbeB H IIJIOJ[OB. H3ylTeHlie aTOii ()JIOpbI HailaJlocb yx:e AaBHO, noCneJS- nee nceneAoBaniie npHHagnexcHT H. M. I{oBaJrio (1950). Bo3pacT THMCxnx neC'IaHHHOB Ile OHeIb HCei, OAHaKO HpHCYTCTBIIe 3geCb pia TIIHHiIHbIX OJIII- FOAeHOBbMX c1OpM yxa3bIBaeT Ha TO, "ITO Olin He MOryT 6bMTb AIOJI05xe BepxHero OnHroi eHa. Ho Aaijiii H. M. KOBanfi, CBOAnLIII CHIICOx THAICKOII (Jnopbt CO- neP,xHT 70 Ha3BanniI H BTJIloTaeT npeAcTaBIITeneiI 26 poAoB. Pinus Juglans Acer Sequoia Carpinus Rhamu us 7'axodium Corylus Cornus Clyploslrobus Quercus Andromeda Frenela Ficus Jlyrsine Populus Laurus Bumelia Salix Acacias Neritium ,llyrica Cassia Echitonium Cssalpinia Iledera C T a B p 0 H 0 1 b. I1ii niie- n CPeAIICAlahiionCKHe OTJO KeHHfl B npeje.Tax I1peJxaBxa3bn ii3ynaJriicb E. )J. 3ai.nnncxol (19536). 3Aecb B oTnox;enitnx 6aTaiinamHHcxoii it Il;bimamiCxoii CB7iT nltia lero Mai-iKOna It B cpeAneMan1 on- CMIX CJIOHX (Ilo3pacT aTnx ropH30hITOB 6bin AaTIlpoBai no (flayne (1opaMnllii- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 (yep) HaiiAeHo 6oimitioe, FOJI11 0CTBO I1bIJIbAbI, B TOM gIHCJIe HpHHaAJIe Ran(ei upeACTaBHTeJIHM 39 poAoB Ap0BeC11IIX H H CT,1PI11IKOBLIX I10po,S. Ginkgo Thuja Ullnus Podocarpus Cupressus Celtis Dacrydium Platyearya Zelcova :Iraucaria Engelhardtia Alorus Pinus Pteroca rya Liquidamba r Cedrus Juglans Ilamarnelis Picea Carya blyrtus Tsuga Corylus Eucalyptus Keteleeria Betula Rhus Abies ,Anus Acer Sequoia Fagus Tilia Taxodium Castanea Nyssa Libocedrus Quercus Fraxinus Te KpaTKHC Aal11ble 0 I303PaCTe 11Iepet111CJIe[IHbIX IiCKOHaeMbIX ())JIOp, KOTO- pme 6bIJIH HPHBCAe1Ibl HpI1 OHHCalHH, HoKa3bIBa1OT, 'ITO Hp1HaJJTextHOCTb 3THX O)Jlop K oJIHrOIXeHy yCTa11OBJIeHa 6o.uee win Mellee onpeAeiieHHo. B oTHo- weiiii me pacllpeAeJIeHiI1I Iix no HpycaM 3TOro riepHOAa MaTepHaJioB em e HBH(1 HeJjocTaTOtIHO. BMecTe C TOM O'IeBHAHO, 1ITO BCO 01111 HBJIHIOTCH B KaKOK-TO CTe- 1IeHH pa3HOBO3pacT11bIMH, 3a HcEatoxIeHHeM, MO`tceT 6bITb, HaXO OK B parloll(' ceii MorlIJIbHo H Bo.1HHIni11mI. YgIITmIBaH 3TI1 ABa o6cTOHTeJIbCTBa, HP1tXOAHT ,CH cgIHTaTI, 'ITO HMeiOHutieCH HaJ1eo6OTaH1igecmie MaTepiiaJlbl H03BOJIHIOT AaTI. iumb o6H[yio _xapaiTepuICTHKy OJII1ro40II0130Ii O)JIOpbI B i CJIOM, 6e3 HOHbITOIt geTaJIH3agiiii ee H3MexeH14I3 BO BpeMeBH. HpH COUOCTaBJIeHHH CHIICKOB pOAOB, oripeAewleitl(bIx, c OAHO i cTOponbl, B CeBepHOM paiioiie (MorlJIbI1O, BOJIHIIII[HHa, THM), a c jpyrofl - B IO}KHOM (CTaBporIOJIb), 3aMeTHbI AOBOJIb110 3HalI11TeJIbHble pa3JIIIiI1IH. OAHartO B HacTOH- lt(ee BpeMH TPYAHO cyAHTb 0 TOM, B ItaitoIl Mepe 3T0 HBJIHeTCH oTpa}Keuiie11[ 1(eITcTBHTeJIbx0 HMOBHIIIX McCTO pa3JII11111ii BO O)JIOpe IIa3BaHItbIX palOHOB Pyc- cltoil paBiHHbl. Heo6xoAHMo y1ecTb, 'ITO l3 ceBePHMX HYHKTax OCTaTK11 pacTe- 111iH o6HapyateHb1 B KOIITHHeHTaJII,IIbIX (B03M0}K1IO, cy6a3paJIbriMx) o6pa3o- B 1liHX, B TO BpeMH Kart IIa lore AaHltbie OTIIOCHTCH K MOpCKHM ocaArtali. He- cOMHeHHO;.'ITO pa3JIHmHH Italt B HYTHX 3aXOp0IIeHHH OCTaTKOB,TaKHBCHeI[HO)H- lte o6'beiTOB IICCJIeAOBanim (OTHeLIaTIt1I JIHCTbeB 11 TIMJIbga) B 311agHTeJIbIIOA ;'11epe AOJIxtHbl 6bIJIIi crta3aTbca iIa HOJIHOTe xapaKTepl1cT1IKH (Jlopbl. B uejion "rtte, 1IeCMOTpI Ha Bce oTMeileIrllble AecJeKTGt HPIIBCAeHHbIX wine HaJleo6OTa- 11IigeCKHX MaTOpllaJIOB, MbI Mo}KeM C'IHTaTh, 'ITO Ha OCHOBa1IIIH 3THx Aai1HbIx puAOBOIi COCTaB O)JIOpr,I OJIIIPOI)eIIa IIa TOppuTOpITII paCCMaTpllBaeMoII 'lacTH PyCCKOii paB1in1IL1 MO}KeT 6bITb OCBeH[eu C 110JI110TO)I, AOCTaTO1lIOli AJIH iiaH[iix I~eJleii. 8Ta OiJlopa, ItaIt IIOKa3bIBaeT HpHBOIIlM6i1 I i IIi{ Be cH11COIt, BKJIIo'JaIoluHii 79 pOAOB, XapaItT0'P113y0Tcn 60J[bIRIFNI y'IaCTIiCM Be'IIO3eJICHbIX paCTeHUH, B HacTOHlgee BpeMH pacIIpocTpaxellllbix B TpoHHilecitlix H Cy6TpOHli1IeCK14X O6JIaCTHX A311I1, ABCTpaJItiii, A~puK1[ 11 AMepI1rt1I. HO'ITH TaItylo }Ite pOJIb B CO COCTaBe ItrpalOT 11 TepMO4)ITJIblI1,10 JII1CTOHaAHble If 13e'II103eJICHbie TipeBec- Hb1e HOp0Ab1 6oJiee yMepel-IHbIX 1H1[pOT A311II it AMepiiitii. IIap1IAy C )TIIM, IIIITepeCHO OTMCTIITb HpIICyTCTBHe 3Aec1. 11 T3ItIIX pO Oii, rtait Pinus, Picca, Po- pulus, Alnus it 13etula, HpeAcTaBIlTeJIl1 ItoTOpblx B II3CTOHH1;0e BpeMH lwipoHHo paCHPOCTpaTtellbi B ceBepnoM HOJIy111ap1111, HB:IHHCb Ba}rtubEM 3JICMCIITOM Colipe- VletHioii 6opeanbuoii, O)Jtopw, 11 oTCVTcTI3yunT 110 O)JIOpe Tpot[II'ICCItIIX, a '1OCTII'I- 110 11 Cy6TpO11111[CCrtIIX cTpalr. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 JIMMI II FTAHIIL~A 'IETI3EPTHgq}I01'0 IIEPHOi-[A Gisucrir cc,iceitc n it podoc xycmapit it e0e, onpede.ceit it i,1 dpe6ec/(b1s nopo8 u c 0RUe0 ite11 oca0 ii 0it 0pe Ginkgoaceae Ca rya Cassia Ginkgo Betulaceae Caesalpinia Podocarpaceac Carpinus Anacardiaceae Podocarpus Corylus Rhus Taxaceae Betula Aquifoliaceae .11/1 us Dacrydium Ilex Fagaceae Araucariaceae Celastraceae Fagus Agathis (Dammara) Euonymus Castanca Araucania Quercus Accraceae Pinaceae D ryophyllum Acer Pious Ulmaceae Rhamnaceae Cedrus Ulmus Rhamnus Picea Tsuga Celtis Tiliaceae Ze lco va Keteleeria Tilia Abies 3loraceae Combretaceae. Taxodiaceae blorus Echilonium Sequoia Ficus Myrtaceae Taxodium Proteaceae Myrtus Glyptostrobus Pe rsoon is Eucalyptus Cupressaceae Grevillea Araliaceae Frenela Hakea Lihocedrus Lcmatia Hede ra Thu/a Banksia Aralia Nyssaceae Cupressus Magnoliaceae Nyssa Palmae Magnolia Cornaceae Chamaerops Liriodendron Sabal Corn us Lauraceae Liliaceae Ericaceae Cinnamomum Smilax Pe rsea Andromeda Salicaceae Laurus llyrsinaceae Populus Oreoda phne Myrsine Salix Daphnogene Sapotaceae Myricaceae Pittosporaceae Burnelia ill yrica Pittosporum Ebenaceae Juglandaceae Ham amelidaceae Diospyros Platicarya Liquidambar Oleaccae Engelhardtia Hamarnelis Fraxinus Pleroca rya Leguminosae Apocinaceae Juglans Acacia Neritiuin HIISKIIeMIIoL eHOBag 4IJIopa (aKBHTajieHi i, ryp;jnraJIbcKLJiii II reabBeTCKIIIi JIpyCbl, BepxHH13 Mali on) HH}KHe MAIL eHonble C Jiopbi Ha PyccROii paBHHHe AO Cllx Hop II3y1Ieimr Menee noaiio, 9eM oJillroI eliouble, it, ~ITO B oco6eHHOCTII 3aTpy,I(BxeT lix pac- cMOTpeHne, RaTHpoBKa pica 3THx JJiop IWAO aTOMIO Hagexma. 3Rec16 Mbl Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 paccMOTpIMI AaHlible 110 WTbIPOM HyHKTaM: c. IIIecTepr111uhI (HpaB06epe>KllaH YKpanlia), pa3'be3A HaceiOBO (IIa lore CpeAHe-PyCcK0ii B03BbILHcHIfOCTH), 6accefIH HIIHSHer0 ,oiia H paHOH r. CTaBpOHOJIH (CeBepIIIIi HaBKa3). IU e C T e p ii ii iA bi. B paiioie c. IHecTepHHubi (oKOJro CT. 3BeHHropop- Ka, Ha lore RHOBCHOIi o611aCTH) 11. B. HHMexoBOnI (1939a) 6biJia on calla c)1Jio- pa 113 ne6oJIbiiroii J111113b1 6yporo yrJrsi. HoCJIeAHHf 3ACCb 3ajieraeT B HHxtxeB gaCTri TOJInjH KBapueBbIX HeCKOB, HOACTinIaeMblx OTJI0}Ke1I11HM11 xapbKOBCKOro Ilpyca m nepelcpblTblX rOpI3OHTOM ileTBepTItIHbIX rJIHII H CyraII11KOB. B03paCT ,ITOII ~Jiopbi H. B. HIIMeHOBa onpeAeJIHeT Kalc aKBnrancKHii, IICXOAR 113 npH- CVTCTBHH B Hell 11IHOFHX BHAOB, xapaKTepHbix AJIH 3TOro Hpyca. OTHegaTHll ;IIICTbOB Ha yrJie H yrJIHCTOYI rJlnHe n03BOJIIJIII Onpe/CJIHTb 34 BHAa, OTHOCII- IuHecH K 18 poAa m, Sequoia Fagus ?'ilia Taxodium Quercus Grewia Glyptostrobus Cinnamonnan Mirsine Populus Pei-sea Diospyros Myrica Laurus Apocynophyllum Alnus Acer Neritium H a c e K 0 B o. B pailoiie paxbe3ga HaceIwBO (iia lore BOpOHeiHCKOIi o6JIaCTH) B rop11301ITe KBapAeBbIx HeCKOB, OTHOC14MJ1X na ocHOnaHHIl reoJlO- riigeCKIIX AaHHbIX K aKBIITaIcKONy Hpycy, 3aJIeraIOT JIIIH3bI JIIIrHIITOB I3 yrJIH- CTbIX rJInH. COCTaB nblJibubl H CHOP B 3THX o6pa3oBaHHHX H3yiTaJICB no He- 6oJIbIIIOMy tilicjiy o6pa3uoB A. A. IllrrypHeBOI3 (BapalloB, 1954) H E. A. 3aK- JIIIIICKOIi (1953a). IIeCMOTpB Ila TO, =ITO IICCJIeAoBaHHH 06oHX aBTOpoB He HMe- JI11 cnCTeMaTIVI0CHoro xapaKTepa, MOSKHO AyMaTb, TITO naceKOBcHan 4 JIOpa oxapaNTepl13OBalla AoCTaTOLIl1O IIOJIIIO. 06'beAHHeHHbII3 CHHCOK onpCAeJIOH- liblX 3AeCb ApeBeCHMIX HOPOA 11 KyCTapHHKOB BHJHotiaeT 50 pojOB. Torreya Juglans Platanus Pinus Ca rya Cotinus Picea Carpin us Rhus Tsu go Ostria Ilex Keteleeria Corylus Acer Ahi?s Betula Tilia Sequoia .4lnus Vitis Cryptomeria Fa gu s II cde ra Taxodium Castanea Aralia Libocedrus Pasania Nyssa Glyptostrobus Quercus Cornus Cupressus Ulmus Diospyros Chamaecyparis Cercidiphyllum Olea Myrica Magnolia Sa,nbucus Platicarya Laurus Viburnum Engelhardtia Ca ppa ris Lonicera Pleroczrya Liquidamba r H II }H it II Ii o II. PaCHPOCTpaHeHllble B 6a000HHe HHiKHero 1Ioiia Ma1i- lioncKHe OTJIOW1111H, BbIAejrHelible 3geCb HOA Ha3BaHHeM COJIeHOBCKHX CJIOeB. IrO-BIIAHMOMy, COOTBOTCTByIOT OJIbFHHCKOI CBHTe (BepXHHH MafROH) CeBep- noro RaBKa3a. ,JIFI 3THX OTJIO?w HHIT H. M. HoiipoBCicax (1953) IIp1BOAHT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/06/08: CIA-RDP80T00246AO54000050001-6 1111',1; JIH1I F1'AIl1n[A '1E'1`BEI'TIP11101.0 11RI1110;IA peayJIbTaTbl clOpoBO-nbIJILgeBOrO aHar1H3a, ICOTOpbie yKa3bIBalOT na HpncyT- CTBnC 3j[CCb HbIJIbUI,T J[peBeCHbTx HOpOA It HycTapHHKOB, OTaoCHH~TTXCH K 32 po- jaM. Pinus Jaglaas Liriodendron La rix Ca rya Liquidamba r Piceo Carpinus Rhus Tsuga Corylus flex Sequoia Betula 1s'uon imus 1 axodirun eiIn us , Icer Salix Fagus Sapindus _llyrica Castanea Tilia Platicarya Quercus Nyssa 1;ngelhardtia Mums Fraxinus Pierocarya alagaolia C T a B p o H o Ji b. 13 paiiolle r. CTaBponoJiH B BepxneMaiuoncxnx OTJIO- AXII]IHX (OTHOCIIMIIx no c ayne (J)opaMHnn(J)ep K oJlbrilHCKOI it pnI[eBCKO}i CBII- TaM) A. 3aKJlnncuan (19536) o61japy~xir is ~Jropy, anaiiorH'iHyio Ho cBOeMy coCTaBy (jJiope coJIeHOBCKIIX CJIOCB B 6acceliHe HHaxxero Lloiia. Eio OHpeAe- .T0HO 6oJIblloe HOJIII eCTBO c OpM HhIJIb1[0BbIX II CHOpOBbIX 3epCH, B TOM mic ie HbjJIbi1a 111CACTaBIITeJIeR 26 pORoii L peuecnbix H ICycTapimimm)rx 11Opoj . Pinus P 1(1 / Ira rya Ccltis Picea Lngelhardtia /,elcozca Pscudolarix Plerocar,rta Morus Sequoia Corylus Magnolia Taxodiurn Betula Buxus Thuja .Anus Rhus Cupressus Castanea Ti/ia Chamarcyparis Quercus Aralia Juniperus Ulmus IlepenneiieHHble HI11KHeMIIo1 eHOBbie (IJIOpM, KaH IIoua3blBaloT IlpnBeJkell- Hble urine JjaiIuJie o6 HX Bo3pacTe, OTHOCHTCH K pa3JIHiIHbIM HpycaM. 3TO o6- CTO1ITCJIbCTBO, a Tai