AVIATION PLANT IN STALIN AND THE EXCAVATOR PLANT IN KOMINTERN IN VORONEZH

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A055500280001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 5, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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Z' 6 )IL ~' W4_ ~
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which In any manner to an unauthorized person Is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY USSR (Voronezh Oblast)
SUBJECT Aviation Plant i/n Stalin and
the Excavator Plant i/n Komintern
in Voronezh
REPORT
DATE DISTR. 5 August 1960
NO. PAGES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
nd activities in the
ithin. the instrument
Attachment I is a seven-page report on the Aviation P-Lant i/n Malin
fp-robably the Aircraft Engine Plant No. 1.77 in Voronezh. The report,
contains information on the production, organization, machine shops
and plant personalities up to October 19;6. AE:::::::]sketch of
the Aviation Plant layout accompanies the report.
50X1-HUM
Attachment 2 is a five-page report on the Excavator Plant i/n Komintern
in Vor
? plant
shop.
as well
Ithe main buildings a
also includes information on plant lo
and production
The report does not
STATE X ARMY X NAVY
X AIR
X FBI
I (Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
AEC
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50X1-HUM
NSA X NIC
 DATE OF FWKR?: 16 limy 1960
AYIq?ICt FLAW I,/1 STALIA IA Yt1 OMM
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station.
s u b o a ~ d t e e r t e tote j i b l s t r y o f A v i a t i o n X M u a t ry j was l o c a t e d is' the aa?th-
by G a m m a , Flt's' is -1915.194i. plant -ammssicai 50X1-HUM
dasimatioa ( ) was no longer used in l95I . The plaaleruoh was
.was rasideatial bai]4i s for Viout a uyus wars caastswlted
Pr(dluction
On plait produced N-11 con eaticaal engines for P0-2 aircraft, .(Fad, rpsnr
a two seater biplane, m M far Ut 2 -E ) trsSjsrs.
ftve yrli>~ocava Plant :L/IL KGOLNUM lanai
at 1' P30hh$*i v+-
t
r
>Z
ii
e
,
a
o
u itsa. in the >ssaiat>aettas+e
at a o^gaone*t parts for excavators, and exuanater tracks. ? T1ae plant 'had been '
in existence prior to'191? and in 1953 its sul inatian was changed trove that
of the .try of Construction and Road Machine HailQing to that of the '
Wnistry Heavy Machine Building. 50X1-HUM
2. Tice plant occupied an area one to one and ame-hal kilanaters a 1EOA-500 ureters
in dimension, surrousted by a stone wall two to two sad a -ha1P asters ja
height.. The pleat bad one naiat .dim with about tea eatraa s. - for p.rS rel,
one gate for trucks,, and one gate for a stud ginge railroad .gar`s? , ttitck
led behind the sti chine and assed+4 shops ,to the teaarL ry? eke gates were
gaardad by ' clew and waina in a dot blue umirum, who armed with sewelveri.
The guards at the personnel eAtream issued pyMses to the suturing woilc forte,
ad picked up the 'passes of persoatmel leaving the peat. Ths psaseq, which
were retained by the employees during work hours,, permitted access to the satire
.plant with the exception of one section of-the Instrument shop (see below).
This section was called the "secret section".
I a 1
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3. The plant buildings consisted of: the machine assembly building, a one-story
red brick and stucco building, about 200 x 150 meters in area dimension with
a gray tin roof, which contained the machine shop, the assembly shop,
instrument stock rooms and material storage areas; the mechanical repair
shop, a one-story white brick building 100-150 meters x 40-50 meters in area
dimension, with a gray tin roof; the foundry, a one-story red brick and
stucco building about 200 x 150 meters in area dimension, with a gray tin
roof; and the instrument shop, a two-story red brick and stucco building,
100-150 x 40-50 meters in area dimension with a gray tin roof. On the first
floor of the latter building were the instrument shop with a thermal sub-
section, and a 'secret' area for storage and distribution of machine component
parts produced forspecial " overnment orders". 50X1-HUM
On the second floor of the instrument shop
building were administrative, construction, and bookkeeping offices, and
offices for the Party organizer and Profsoyuz. The plant layout also
included a forge shop, a one-story red brick and stucco building about
200x150 meters in area dimension, with a gray tin roof; a garage, a one-story
red brick building about 20 x 10 meters in area dimension with parking space
for about 10 ZIS trucks; a restaurant, located in a one-story red brick
building about 40 x 40 meters in area dimension, which accommodated about
250 people at one sitting; and a testing area which was an oval-shaped open
area, with a maximum diameter of about 25 meters, where finished excavators
were given a test-run prior to shipment from the plant.
Production 50X1-HUM
4. Prior to WW II the lant ct d s a is t
from 1946 until 1954, the plant
produced finished excavators, and certain unidentified parts for "government
orders". The excavators consisted of three sections: the cabin, the
tracks, and the shovel. The cabin and tracks together were four to four
and one-half meters in length, three meters in height, and two meters in
width. The shovel was four to five meters in length and four to five meters
in height. The weight of a complete excavator was 40 tons. Most of the
excavators were powered by diesel engines, however some models had electric
motors. The capacity of the shovel was one cubic meter. The tracks had
two large wheels and four small rollers. These excavators, used for con-
struction purposes, had been manufactured at the plant since 1946. The
plant also produced various small machined parts for other shops. Drawing.
for these parts (bushings, etc.) were received from the Ministry offices, 50X1-HUM
and when these parts were finished, they were sent to the secret section, from
where they were shipped to an unknown destination.
the production of parts not for use in the manufacture or excavators was
about three percent of the total p3.ant output
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5.
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the plant assembled and produced
about one and one-half excavators every 2 hours, or 30-4+0 excavators monthly.
the excavators cost about50X1-H U M
1,000,000 rubles. The excavators were shipped uncrated to all cities of
the USSR, to Poland, Hungary and China. To facilitate shipment, the
excavators were broken down into three principal sections, (the shovel,
cabin, and tracks) which were loaded onto rail cars separately.
Shops and Machinery
6. The machine shop employed about 900 workers of whom approximately 500 were
assigned to the first shift, 250 to the second, and 150 to the third. The
shop had an unknown number of lathes, milling, drilling, boring, polishing,
gear cutting, and planing machines, and radial drillin machines. Most of
the machines were of Soviet make. there were three 50X1-HUM
vertical turning and boring lathes
".
and four-five fully automatic milling machines of Czech make, type Skoda
The shop was divided into four sect o s two for processing small parts and
wo for machining large parts. 50X1-HUM
ten lathe operators, eight turret lathe operators four millers,
two drillers four polishers, three porters one machinist, and one OTK
checker[ 7 This group operated the following
machinery: one large German-make fully automatic lathe, type unknown; eight
turret semi-automatic lathes, Soviet make, type "Ordzhonikidze; ten semi-
automatic lathes, Soviet make, type DIP-200; four polishing machines, Soviet
make, type unknown; four milling machines, fully automatic, Soviet make, type
"Ordzhonikidze"; and two drilling machines, Soviet make, type unknown. The
machine shop received forged., stamped or cast parts in rough form, and
machined them to specifications, with tolerances of 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters.
Parts produced were: drive gears, axles, crankshafts, bushings, tracks,
wheels, rollers, cabin parts, shovel parts, nuts, bolts, washers, pins, screws,
etc. This shop also produced parts for other shops (as stated above), later
use unknown 50X1-HUM
7. The assembly shop employed about 100 men in three shifts (most of whom
worked during the first shift). Here the component excavator parts were
assembled into a complete excavator, ready for testing. The assembly shop
contained about 20 electric welding machines, 15-20 machinists' tables, and
two overhead cranes. There was also a testing section which tested the
finished excavators.
8. The mechanical repair shop employed about 250 men, who worked oneshift only.
This section performed periodic overhauls, maintenance, and repair of
machinery, and was responsible for plant building maintenance. This shop also
assembled the excavator cabins, which were later sent to the assembly shop.
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50X1-HUM
9. The foundry employed about 300 men who worked on one shift only. The
foundry had two open hearth ces and one electric furnace. 50X1-HUM
The forge shop employed about 150 men in two shifts, most of whom worked
during the first shift. The shop had 25-30 forge hammers, and an unknown
number of presses.
10. The instrument shop employed about 150 men who worked one shift only. This
shop contained mostly lathes and polishing machines.
Raw Materials
11. The plant received rolled iron and steel sheets, iron in bars and round pieces
from unknown sources. The motors for the excavators were supplied by the
Kharkov Tractor Plant. Seats for the cabin were received from an unknown
plant. Steel cables for the shovel (origin unknown) were made of "Stalinite"
type steel.
Working Conditions
12. The plant fulfilled its norm by 110-130 percent. In order to fulfill the
norm, the work pace was intensive during the last few days of each month,
fhllowed by a slackening at the beginning of the next month. The machinery
was kept in good condition by the workers and the repair crews. Most
machines were semi-automatic, and the milling machines were fully automatic.
The shops were airy, well ventilated in summer, warm in winter, and had 50X1-HUM
sufficient light. a foreman, earnedin salary and bonus a total of
1,200 rubles monthly, of which about 200 rubles were deducted for taxes. The
average worker earned a total of about 800 rubles monthly, of which about
100-150 rubles were deducted for taxes.
Personnel and Organization
The plant director, an engineer,;, was Viktor Paylovich Chernogubovskiy
14. The plant employed 2,500-3,000 workers in three shifts, of whom about 50 percent
were assigned to the first shift, 30 percent to the second, and 20 percent to
the third. The plant organization included the director, a chief engineer-
deputy director, and a deputy for housekeeping. Subordinate to the chief
engineer were: the chief of production, and the chief of materials and supply.
The production chief supervised the construction offices (about 20 engineers),
technological offices (about 25-30 engineers, technicians, technologists,
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draftsmen), the laboratory (10-15 technicians), the machine shop, the
assembly shop, the mechanical repair shop, the foundry, the instrument shop,
the forge shop, the testing section, and the thermal section. Subordinate to
the deputy for housekeeping were: the garage, the messhall, a first aid
station, the guard force, the plant firemen, the char force and cleaning
supply rooms, The chief of materials and supply supervised offices dealing
with incoming raw materials, stockrooms, storage, outgoing production, etc.
The plant also
had a staff of OTK personnel, who were directly subordinate to the Ministry.
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