1. LABOR CAMPS IN THE IVDEL AREA 2. CITY OF TULA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A059100140001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 31, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 22, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States alit the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or$ revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY USSR
1. Labor Camps in the Ivdel Area DATE DISTR. aa- May 1961
2. City of Tula
NO. PAGES .~._
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
Civil Defense
----- ++.u-4.La1 PL i1lib ilaa Jv/\ 1-1 IlJIVI
drills and lectures on a weekly basis and were very active otherwise
basements in all new large houses were constructed very solidly of 1.2050X1-HUM
meter-wide blocks, without windows and equipped with air filters. It was rumored that these basements were to be used as public shelters 50X1-HUM
in case of an air attack on the town. all industrial
plants were required to construct bomb shelters on plant property for
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
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a. Route #1: Kurskiy Vokzal to the end of Kommunarov (Street (Rogozhinskiy
poselok). Stops:
Vokzalnaya -ploshchad (at the end of Krasnoarmeyskaya Street).
Sovetskaya (Street.
Kommunarov (Street).
Kameneva (Street.
Go&p1ya Street (or Gorkiy Theater).
Pervomayskaya(Street).
Stadion (stadium)
Mekhanicheskiy Institut.
Shevchenko (Street) (the beginning of the Rogozhinskiy poselok).
Gorriyy Tekhnikum
Rogozhinskiy poselok Thhthe streetcar ring.
Tekhnicheskaya (Street).
Litezina Street).
Lenina Street).
b. Route #2: The end of Gorkogo ~'Street)(Zavarnaya Street) to the end Kommunarov
Street', There were seven or eight stops from Zavarnaya to the corner of
om
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c. Route #3: Vokzal to Chulkovo to Novaya Tula. From the railroad terminal to
Kommunarov (Srvreet), the route was as indicated for (1) to (7) in Route #1
then it ran on Sovetskaya(Streetito:
(1) Pirogova (Street).
(2) Pochta (Post Office) before the bridge on Proletarskaya (Street.
(30 Ploshchad (Square) after the bridge in the vicinity of the vodnaya
stantsiya and Ryazhskiy terminal.
50X1-HUM
From the city line
to Novaya Tula, there was only one track and an additional fare of 30 kopeks
was charged for this portion of the route.
d. Route #1+: Rogozhinskiy poselok to Kosaya Gora located on the Tula/
Orel highway. stimated 0 distance seven to eight 50X1-HUM
km. The line was double tracked and the fare was 50 kopeks.
50X1-HUM
e. Route #5: From the end of Oborony Street on the east edge of Rogo-
zhinskiy poselok through small streets of Chulkovo.
f. Route #6: Zavarnaya(Street)to Vokzal via Oktyabrskaya, Sovetskaya
and Krasnoarmeyskaya ~treetq.
g. Route #7: From the end of Kommunarov(Street)to Chulkovo via
Kommunarov, Sovetskaya and Proletarskaya (Streets).
i. Route #9: Vokzal to Novaya Tula. The route through the streets of
Chulkovo was not the same as in Route #3.
Route #10: Vokzal to poselok Kirova.
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1. Route #12: The end of Oborony Street via Chulkovo to the end of
the route not specified
3. Tula City Plan with Street Name Annotations,j
(See encircled, printed numerals on sketch map, page 5)
Number Street Name
14+
16
18
Mosina; after intersection with Sovetskaya
(Street)this street is named Metallicheskaya
Kominterna
Trudovaya
Krasnoarmeyskaya
Revolyutsii (or Demonstratsiy)
Demonstratsiy (or Revolyutsii)
Fridrikha Engelsa
Kommunarov
Lenina
Litezina
Tekhnicheskaya
Turgeneva
Pirogova
Oborony
Sovetskaya
Kameneva
Pushkinskaya
Gogolya (or Gogolevskaya)
Lva Tolstogo
Pervomayskaya
Sovetskiy pereulok
Oktyabrskaya
P o etarskaya
Mendeleyeva
Gorkogo
Svobody
S-E- C- R-E- T
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28,
Ploshchad Vosstaniya
Ploshchad Pionerov
Ploshchad Chelyuskintsev
Komvuzovskaya
Streetcar ring (koltso), at the end station
at Rogozhinskiy poselok. An avto-vokzal
(bus station) was located here.
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Downtown Tula (Kommunarov StreetL.
Not to Scale)
MendP1Py'PVa. q,.
I a r
Kameneva (Kolkhoznaya) St.
aj
F-1- -71 -
Kommunarov i
St'.
Pervomayskaya St. f
16)
i
Pushkinskaya St.
Gogolya St.
Lva Tolstogo St.
Komvuzovskaya St.
/V
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C
4. Legend to the Memory Sketch of Downtown Tula:
1. Kremlin. Located here are a park, sport5field of the "Zenit"
Club, and an unidentified plant. The three-story building of
KCB is also located in Kremlin at Sadovyy pereulok (lane).
2. Ploshchad Pionerov.
3. Hotel "Tsentralnaya".
1i. Ploshchad Vosstaniya.
5. Oblispolkom and Gorispolkom located in the same building.
6. Bank.
7. Agricultural department.
8. Army political school.
9. Bank.
10. Restaurant.
11. Residence.
12. Movie theater.
13. Department Ch. Dire;ctorE,eJ of Metallic Constructions for Tula
Oblast (Upravleniye Tuloblmetalstroy)
14. First aid station.
15. Industrial bank (Prombank).
16. New shops of the radio plant.
17. Old shops of the radio plant.
18. Old pharmacy.
19. Movie Theater "Pioner".
20. Main telegraph and telephone office.
21. Barber shop.
22. Central Post Office.
23. Large Gastronom store
211. Bazaar.
25. Movie Theater "Tsentralnyy".
26. Park (skver).
27. Red Cross office of Tula Oblast.
28. Dom Ofitserov (House of Officers).
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29. Pharmacy #3.
30. Skver with common grave.
31. Gorkiy Theater.
32. Obkom of Communist Party.
33. Large building complex housing several offices and shops of Tula
Sovnarkhoz (formerly, Tulaugol - Tula Coal).
3'.. ZAGS fs-ic7.
35. Cemetery and church.
36. City Gas office (Gorgaz).
37. Prison.
38. Stadium.
39. MVD.
4+0. "Semashko" Hospital.
41. Park of Culture and Rest.
NOTE: Between the points delineated on the sketch of downtown
Tula on Kommunarov Street,were numerous stores and dwellings
on both sides of the street.
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Sketch of the Main (Moskovskiy) RR Terminal in Tula
(Not to Scale)
Boiled water,
containers
Baggage counter
Ticket counters
Waiting hall
To Myasnovo
Krasnoarmeyskaya
St.
Streetcar k New
ring bridge
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K
Layout of the First Floor of the Main Post Office in Tula
(Not to scale)
8
3rd floor
(Oblast
offices)
2nd floor
(City office
Main floor
(layout shown on the sketch
above)
Side view
of the Main Post Office building in
Tula (looking from Kommunarov St)
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Legend to Sketch--.-.of the Main Floor of the Central Post Office in Tula
1. Asphalted area designated for car parking.
3. Side entrance to the lobby and to the basement where the parcel room
is located.
4. Lobby
5. Entrance to the second floor
6. Newspaper stand
7. Two phone booths
8. Large glass doors
9. Five counters, including the savings bank counter, and collection
for radio and telephone usage.
10. Five counters, three of which handle telegrams
11. Three counters which handle regular and registered mail, and general
delivery.
12. Two counters for handling newspaper and magazine subscriptions.
13. Area where four desks, each one seating" eight people, are located.
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Sketch of the Telegraph and Telephone Office in Ila:
Not to Scala
Legend:
1. Main entrance
2. Side entrance
3. Stairway to 2nd floor
4-9. Long distance phone booths
10. Two counters, international and inter-Union calls
11. Two counters, international and inter-Union telegrams
12. Benches
13. Desk and chairs around it
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Sketch of the Typical Intersection in Tula: /
(Not to scale)
Detail "B"
Showing the location of traffic
signals by corner mounting. In
this case the signals are on all four
corners i~.
0
3
Light arrangement of traffic
signals
Overhead automatic traffic
signals or a platform for the
traffic controller,
Steel circles indicating
pedestrian crossing
White middle line
r E V` E
Detail "A"
Showing the Crossing sign which
is inscribed on the lamp and
illuminated at night,
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CITY OF TULA, R.SFSR
City History and Physical Characteristics
Population
Construction and Settlements
Streets and Squares
Parks and Stadiums
Monuments
Bridges
Electric Power and Gas Supply
J7ater Supply
Sewerage
Telephone
Long Distance Telephone
Telegraph
Mail
Radio
Television
Periodicals
Prominent Buildings
Bath Houses
Hospitals, Clinics, Drug Stores
Churches
Barber Shops
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Restaurants
Libraries
Hotels and Accommodations 12
Movies, Theaters, Clubs 13
Institutions of Secondary and Higher Learning 14
Military Installations 14
Civil Defense 14
Trolleybuses 15
Streetcars 15
Buses 17
Taxi Cabs 18
Cars for Rent 19
Automobile License Plates, Special Vehicle 19
Distinctions
Rail Travel 19
Air Travel 20
Out-of-Town Buses and Roads 20
Industries
Employment and ~Iages
Living Conditions 23
Markets, Groceries, Clothing, Other Products 214.
Crime 25
Census
School Reform
Labor Camps
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Index
Page
Atomic Works
26
Personalities Known to Source
27
Information and Address Desks
27
Militia and Traffic
27
Controls and Documentation
28
Attachments
28
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(This report also cot
City of Tula, RS
Reference: Tula City Plan
City History and Physical Characteristics
1, The historical producer of fire arms, the city of Tula is located on the
slope of a hill declining towards the south. The highest hills are situated
in the northwest section of?the city. Tula is divided in-two parts by the
Upa River flowing East to'West. The water of this river is used by local
housewives for washing, The river never dries out. There is a vodn as
stants a (boat station) with a swimming pool on the Upa River near the
~lding which is located on Sovetskaya Street.
2, During WW I I,German troops advanced to Tula as far as the Park of Culture
and Rest, located on Pervomayskaya Street in the southern part of the city,
but were stopped there by the Soviet army. Heavy artillery fire considerably
damaged the cityconstruetions but no traces of the war can be seen at the
present time as all damage was repaired immediately after the war was over.
The bulk of the reconstruction work was done by German POWs.
3.
of which he could name, viz. Chulkovskiy, Privokzal nyyr and Zarechenskiy.
Later this administrative division was abolished.
Population
4.
the latest census (no date reported) showed the population 50X1-HUM
of Tula as 3 0000. The Russians were in the majority, followed by some
Ukrainians and very small communities of Georgians, Armenians and 50X1-HUM
Azerbaydzh ans.
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Construction and Settlements (posyolki)
5, from the time of the October Revolution until after 50X1 -HU M
WW II there were only two major buildings constructed in Tula, viz, a large
apartment house on the corner of Liteynaya and Krasnoarmeyskaya Streets,
and the fabrika-kukh y a (factory-kitchen) a giant restaurant with popular
food and paces west of Kremlin. However, beginning with 1954-55 an
intensive program for construction of new homes and settlements was launched,
The area between the Park of Culture and Volokhoskiy posyolok in the south
of Tula, along the Tula - Orel Highway,was especially affected by this
construction, approximately 30 percent of the ent]50X1-H U M
population moved to the new living quarters in this area,
6. The new settlements are provided with wide streets and plenty of vegetation.
The constructed buildings are usually four to five stories, with electricity,
gas and water supply, and an adequate sewerage system. The apartment houses
are constructed by two standards: some have so-called malometraz (of
minimum space area) apartments with one,,to two rooms, equippedwit tchens
and bathrooms? The apartments of other type are larger, three to four rooms
to an apartment, The waiting list for the new living quarters is very long,
and the preference is given to veterans and invalids of WW II.. and to over-
sized families. Old constructions were made of wood with tin or tile roofing;
the new homes are made of brick with tile roofing,
7, posyolki in and near Tula: 50X1-Flu M
a, Kosaya Gora, an old settlement, allegedly built by German specialists
prior to the October Revolution, Kosaya Gora is located south of town
on the Tula - Orel highway, At the present time new apartment houses
are being added to the old settlement. Inhabited by meta %rgical
workers,
b, Pervomayskiy, located south of Kosaya Gora, 12-13 km, from the new Gas
Works, Its three to four story buildings are inhabited by employees
of the Gas Works and the Chemical Plant, This new settlement has all
facilities; streets are lined with trees; numerous parks. Situated
also directly on the Tula- Orel Highway.
c, Rogozhinskiy, an old settlement located near the brickyard marked #13
on the reference maps 50X1-HUM
d. Serebrovskiy, a new settlement located near the brickyard marked #11
on the reference map, estimated E:::]L istance from the Tula's 50X1-HUM
Kremlin to the settlement approximately 8 km, Serebrovskiy
settlement is inhabited by the workers of the Fire Arms dorks, which
will celebrate its 2S(* anniversary in 1960.
e. Novaya T~aLa, a new settlement for people employed in the metalurgical
industry (oosstolok metalurgov), located 12 to 3 km, from the Kremlin
and connected tothe oldtown by a new modern highway,
SECT ET
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f. Kirova, near #29 on the reference map.
Streets and Squares
8, Most Tula streets are straight and asphalted. The old streets are lined
with trees. Major streets are illuminated by round mat-finished lamps
hanging from steel or wooden posts. Secondary streets are not very well
illuminated and none of the illuminated streets in 50X1-HUM
Tula could ever a compared-to any major street of a western city of Tula's
size.
9. The street names are displayed on steel plates about 10 x 30 cm,, white
lettering on black background,
30 cm.
Examples
Ul. Turgeneva
10 cm,
The long names are broken down and continued on the second line.
Example:
U1, Pervo-
mayskaya
The name plates are featured at the beginning and at the end of the street
only (not on the block boundaries) and are mounted on the corner houses,
Another steel plate with the name of the street and the house number is
attached to Mach house, This plate is 30-35 cm, long and 15-20 cm, high,
and is curve-shaped on the top, and has a cover of the same shape over the
electric bulb which has to kept on all night. The white lettering of the
street name and the number are painted on black background,
Cover,
--,~
Example: V'
2
15
Front view
10.
15-20 cm,
names of Tula streets:
Mosina - which after its intersection with Sovetskaya St, is referred to as
Metallicheskaya
Kominterna
Trudovaya
Krasnoarmeyskaya
Revolyutsii
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Demonstratsiy
Fridrikha. Engel 'sa
Kommunarov
Lenina
Litezina
Tekhnicheskaya
Turgeneva
Pirogova
Oborony
Sovetskaya
Kameneva (later renamed Kolkhoznaya, then Kameneva again)
Pushkinskaya
Gogolya (or Gogolevskaya)
Tolstogo
Pervomayskaya
Shevchenko (south of Pervomayskaya)
Sovetskiy lane ereulok)
Oktyabr '6kaya
Proletarskaya
Mendeleyeva
Gor ' kogo
Marata (location not identified)
Soyuznyy pereulok
Svobody
Komvuzovskaya (runs parallel to Kommunarov St.)
(For location of the above listed streets, see the enlarged photo of the
reference map altered for this purpose, and attached, with annotation, to
this report,)
11. The main street of Tula is Kommunarov which is wider than any other street
in town. South of the intersection with Pervomayskaya, Kommunarov Street
has flower beds along the sidewalks. The houses here are located 20-25 meters
away from the main thoroughfare. Most of the official installations of Tula
and the Oblast' are located on this street. 50X1-HUM
12. two major squares in Tula. Vosstaniya where all demonstrations
and parades are held, and Pionerov, at the intersection of Mendeleyeva and
Soyuznyy pereulok. Other squares in the city were: Revolutsii and
Cheluskintsev - both located in the vicinity of the Kremlin; Konnaya Square
(an old name) located at the end of Oborony St.; and Aleksandrovskaya - at
the intersection of Svobody and Demonstratsy,
Parks and Stadiums
13. There are two established parks in the city, the Park Kul'tur i Otdykha
(Park of Culture and Rest) in the south, and Komsomol'sx iy in the nor h,
Neither parks charged entrance fees, however, tickets for entertainment
were purchased separately (dancing and amusement section - 1 ruble per person,
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indoor movie - daytime 2 to 4 rubles -- night 3 to 5 rubles; the shows
on the open estrada were free), The parks were open to the public the
year around, urs per day, however, all entertainment enterprises
operating on the park grounds, except the movies, were closed in the winter.
The closing time of the entertainment facilities in the summer was 2300 hours.
The main feature of the Komsomol'skiy Park was its athletic field, otherwise
it was of a much lower caliber than Park Kul'tury and 0tdykha,
14. Park Kul'tury and Otdykha (the Park of Culture and Rest) was the major
recreation center for the Tula populace. It was located on Pervomayskaya
St. off Kommunarov Street. It had a summer theater (estrada), movie,
dancing stage, amusement section and sport field. At the present time in
the southern portion of the park a dam is being constructed which will create
an artificial lake for swimming and boat riding.
15. There are many new and old parks of secondary importance in the numerous
settlements in and around Tula. 50X1-HUM
16. In 1959 a new stadium with a bycycle track of international
opened in Tula. The stadium is located on Komnnunarov St.
importance was
the stadium belonged to the "Shakhter" ("Miner") sport club and holds
20 to 30 thousand spectators. Another Tula stadium located in the Kremlin
belongs to the "Zemit" sport club. Tickets to the soccer games were one ruble
per person.
50X1-HUM
Monuments
17. monuments in 'ula:
a, The Lenin Monument on the Square of Vosstaniya where parades and
demonstrations were held.
b. A monument showing some military personnel on the Square of the Pionerov.
This monument was erected in about 1930 or 32.
c. Veresayev Monument near the entrance to the Park of Culture and Rest.
d, Altogether, in the two major parks, there were 8 or 9 monuments featuring
Lenin, Stalin, Gorky and other prominent Soviet leaders and writers.
Some of them were combined in groups (Lenin and Stalin, Lenin and Gor'Icy).
At one time the Stalin monument was removed but later exhibited again.
e. Academic Pavlov in front of Semashko Hospital.
f. Lev Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana, 8-9 km. from Tula.
Bridges
18,
two main bridges over the Up a River in Tula - one at 50X1-HUM
Oktyabr'skaya Street and the other in Chulkovo on Proletarskaya St. The
railroad bridge over the Upa River was located north of the main terminal.
FD F7
VL-
it
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in on as armeyskaya it. in the vicinity of the railroad
terminal, a two-lane, 60-70 meters long, ferro-concrete bridge was constructed.
This bridge replaced the old one over a 20 meter wide and 5-6 meters deep
ravine with a ij meter stream at the bottom. This stream had very little
water in the summer,
Electric Power and Gas Supply
19. Shchekin-GES and Stalinogorsk-GES were supplying power for Tula,
only one sub-station located in the middle of the Kremlin. The 50X1-HUM
power supply of the city was formerly under Mosenergo (Moscow Power Supply),
but recently was subordinated to the Tula Sovnar oz (Economical Region).
The power was both 120 and 220 volts. The supply was normal and no
noticeable interruptions occurred at any time, There was no limit in power
consumption. All homes had electric meters, and the installation of a new
meter cost 200 rubles. In describing the fees charged for the use of
electric power, the terms svetovoy (for illuminating) and 50X1-HUM
silovo (commercia use ::~Jnder the firs category fall all apartment
and pr vate houses which paid 40 kopeks per kilowatt, and commercial use
(state enterprises, shops, industrial plants) of the power was 20 kopeks
per kilowatt. Formerly, gas, electric and water bills were paid at
Gorzhilupravleniye (City Dwellings Office) on the corner of Liteynaya and
KrasnoarmeyskayaaStreets, but now electric bills are being paid at Tulenergo
situated in Kremlin.
20. About 40 percent of the Tula housing is supplied with gas which is mainly
used for heating and cooking purposes. the gas is 50X1 -HU M
delivered from Stavropol'. The sub-station ra redelitel'n a stantsi a)
was located on Tula - Orel Highway, 12-13 km, from town, on the road to
Shchekino. The gas consumers had meters installed at their apartments,
and the average monthly charge for the use of gas was approximately 3 rubles.
The bills were paid at Gorgas office (City Gas) located on Komvuzovskaya St,
in the vicinity of the My' MVD and the central stadium. 50X1-HUM
Water Supply
21.
approximate) 40 to 50 percent of the Tula homes were
supp i.ecL witn pipeawater, and there were also numerous. water tat50X1-HUM
(kolonki) on the streets. The water from the taps on the streets was free.
The water was piped from Medvedevo, 7 km. from Tula,
there are four water reservoirs in the town one
located in the vicinity of the Park of Culture on Tolstogo, s. 56R1 HUM
Kommunarov St.., next to a water pumping station (vodokachka). Another waver
pumping station was located in Rogozhinsk y posyolok at the
end of Kommunarov it.
22. The piped water is not pure and is mixed with sand, also the water supply
is very limited (not enough for the consumption of the population). The
water pressure is weak, and therefore the flow of water to the higher floors
(3rd and 4th) is very slow. The charge for the use of water is two rubles
per person per month, paid at Gorzhilupravleniye at the corner of Liteynaya
and Krasnoazmeyskaya Streets.
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Sewerage
23, The sewerage system of Tula, the greatest part of which was constructed
by German POW's, was inadequate and poorly operated, i.e. the Sovetskaya
and Kommunarov streets were often flooded due to failures of the system.
approximately 30 to 40 percent of Tula homes had r50Xl-HUM
piped sewers even in the down town areas, and the toilet facilities (of very
primitive construction) were emptied by tank trucks or horse drawn carriages.
The charge for use of the sewerage facilities was included in the water bill
and paid at the same office.
Telephone
214. The city lines were overloaded and it was almost impossible to get a new
telephone in the old sections of Tula. The situation was somewhat better
in the newly constructed area, but one had to wait a long time for installa-
tion of a phone. In order to get a telephone one had to submit an applica-
tion (z niyee) to the Telephone.#Department located at the 3rd floor of
Gl__avpoc am (Central Post Office) in a small lane off Kommunarov St, (Phone
bills were also paid there
e installation was free of c11argej50X1-HUlVl
owever, one had to pay 200 to rubles for the apparatus to the telephone
department. The telephone directory of Tula could be easily obtained for
3 rubles by anyone at the Glavpochtamt,
25. Private homes had not many telephones, but each post office branch had a
public telephone. There were also about 10 public phone booths in other
locations.
50X1-HUM
a, At the central railroad terminal,
b. At the Avtovokzal (bus terminal), Sovetskaya #23.
c, Across the street from the bus terminal.
d, At the corner of Kommunarov and Sovetskaya St., across the street
from Gorispolkom.
e. At the corner of Kommunarov and Kameneva St., near the bazaar. 50X1-HUM
f. On Kommunarov St? across the street from the Mechanical Institute.
26.
there were 15 to 20 thousand telephones in Tula. The
belonged to the Mechanical Institute and MVD - OVIR (the number of OVER
offieial_ fniu MOrrTT,'N XOV_ was 9K199;1 _
numbers were normally four digits; some five digit numbers
Long Distance Telephone
27. The charge for long distance inter-Union call (up to 3 minutes) was 3.50 rubles
and there was a 30 percent deduction for calls conducted after 2200 hours.
The advance sum of 15-20 rubles had to be paid to the clerk and the final
accounting was done after the call was completed. In order to request a
call one had to submit the number of the party and rough estimate of the
required time of the call. Person-to-person calls cost one additional
ruble. If during the station-to-station call the receiver was picked up by
50X1-HUM
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some other person not wanted by the caller, the fee of one ruble only was
ch< ed arge cities could be called at any time (this was referred to
as the "open line" - of a 1 a), but secondary or dista50X1 -HUM
Ilocat ons had a schedule which offered the callers the opportunity of getting
the required contacts during a short period (1 to 2 hours) on certain days
only. In cases when the number of the party was not known, one had to make
a request 2I hours prior to the call, giving the name of the party (and if
possible, the address) to the clerk. 50X1-HUM
28,
party (no requests by family names or addresses were accepted
UM
the counter. The open line as from 1000 to 1100 hours every day,
except Sundays. then calling one had to supply the number of the 50X1-H U M
The entire sum for the requested call had to be paid in advance 250X1 -H
The charge for calls abroad was 130 rubles for the first 10 minutes,
were accepted in the normal manner, i,e, name and address, or number.
the sketch attached to this report.)
For both inter-Union and out-of-country calls, the clerk announced the number
of the requested party and the number of the booth to the caller at the
waiting room. (For the layout of the long-distance telephone station, see
Telegraph
29. The telegraph office was located in the Central. Post Office off Koimnunarov St,
(For layout of this office see the sketch attached to this report.) No
identification of any kind was requested for sending telegrams. One received
a blank form at the counter and could fill it out at the special desk in the
same room, stating the name and address of the recipient, the text, the
signature and the return address. The charge was 20 kopeks per word except
for the return address which was free of charge. The procedure for sending
telegrams abroad was the same as above. One could send it in any language
using the Latin alphabet and the western order of addressing (name, street,
city, country). The telegrams were delivered to individual homes, and no
strict formalities of any kind were followed.
30
some special censorship machines were used which left no traces on
31.
correspondence whatsoever,
it was on 20-25 meter ban The Tula station transmitt
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its own programs from 0730 to 0800 and from 1630 to 1830 hours, The rest
of the transmitting time was filled by programs of Moscow station.
32. The radio-uzel (close circuit transmitter) was located near the House of
Pioneers om Pionerov) in the vicinity of the Kremlin. The programs were
transmitted from 0600 to 1830 hours with a break from 1500 to 1600 hours-
Almost all apartments in town were equipped with loud speakers for the 50X1-HUM
reception of those programs.
33. Official y, the reception of foreign stations was not prohibited, and
many people were listening to foreign broadcasts without 50X1 -HUM
34.
disclosing this fact to outsiders. The foreign broadcasts in Russian are
usually jammed. The jamming was discontinued for a few days during the
Nixon visit to the USSR and the Khrushchev visit to the United States, 50X1-HUM
Broadcasts in all other languages are not disturbed,
(never L__]any foreign radio sets in Tula stores, There were
many radios of Soviet production on sale, but it was hard to obtain a really
good set, prices on radio and phonographs: 50X1-HUM
Radio "Record" - 600 rubles
Radio "Belarus'" - 900-950 rubles
Radio "Festival"t - 2,300 rubles
Radio-phonograph combination "Belarus"I - 1,200-1,300 rubles
Radio-phonograph combination "Oktyabr"" - 1,600 rubles,
35. The charge for the use of radio and loud speakers was very low
and was paid on the third floor of the
Office,
Post
50X1-HUM
36, Tula had no TV station of its own, The Moscow relay station for the Tula
region was located in Stalinogorsk, The sets in Tula were able to receive
five Moscow channels, with the help of regular aerials
to obtain a TV set in Tula stores, and one has to have connections to get one.
USSR exports most of its
Periodicals
37, There were 6 or 7 newspapers and some magazines printed in Tula.
the daily newspaper "Kommunar", cost 10 150X1-HUM
and semi-annual subscription 12-13 rubles, The offices of this newspaper
were located on the corner of Kommunarov and Pushkinskaya Streets. The 50X1-HUM
office of the daily newspaper "Molodoy Kommunar" was located on the corner
of Kommmmarov and L Tolstogo Streets,
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Prominent Buildings
38, Obkom (Oblast' committee) of the Communist Party
was located
ta'~ It was a thr
fnu KHVOROSTTUIcIfl t
villa in Moscow,
The second secretary
a candidate of the technical sciences aninstructed
a
Institute,
on Kommunarov
tary -
had a
was
e can cal
50X1-HUM
Oblisp~olkom, an old three-story building on Kommunarov St. The second floor
of this construction was occupied by Gorispolkom,
Sovnarkhoz - on Kommunarov St,
Gorkom CP - on Mendeleyeva St,
Department of Agriculture - on Kon u narov St, , opposite
ZAGS - on Kommuarov St,
Gorispolkom,
MVD and Oblast' militia office - on Kommunarov St., near the stadium, 3-4
stories,
KGB - on Sadovyy lane in the Kremlin. Three story building,
2nd Militia Precinct - on Sovetskaya St.
Jail. - three or four stories, near MVD, on Komvuzovskaya St.
Bath Houses
39.
Tula. Another bath house was located in Chulkovo, about 1/2 km, east of
the bazaar marked #24 on the sketch of Tula downtown. A smaller bath house
Fthe biggest a use, banno-pracheshoyy
k o m b i n a t bathing a n d l a u n d r y combine) was located in t h e Zarech'ye part of
was located on Trudovaya St,
common room obshchayya) - 12 rubles per person.
Hospitals, Clinics, Drug Stores
)o.
The Oblast' hospital was located in Zarech'ye in the vicinity of the Fire
Arms Works, The Semashko Hospital consisting of about 20 billets was located
on the corner of Kommunarov and Pervomayskaya Streets, The old so-called
2nd Hospital (Vtor a Bol'nitsa) was on Mosina St, a
railroad hospital a t ed in the vicinity of the railroad terminal. Each
factory of importance maintained its own ambulatory for the workers, 50X1-HUM
a private room (nomer) was 22 rubles and a
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SE
and a. first aid station on Kommunarov St.
M r'"` -T'
Page 11
41. Formerly, each city rayon had its own clinic (ambulatoriya). Although
the rayons were later abolished, the clinic remained and the population
continued using these clinics as previously, in accordance with the old
rayon division, The clinics were open every day and free of charge for the
public, The doctors worked in shifts, and there was a duty physician in
each clinic 24 hours a day,
42.
43. There were many drug stores in Tula
The maternity clinic was located on Sovetskaya St. near Demonstratsiy St.
a, Two on Kommunarov St,,, one of them near the Mechanical Institute,
b, On the corner of Sovetskaya. and Krasnoarmeyskaya St.
c, On Gogolevskaya St.
d, Four in Zarechtye, on Oktyabrtskaya St.
e, Near the railroad hospital.
f, On Krasnoarmeyskaya St,
The pharmacies were open daily from 0800 hours to 24 hours, and the duty
stores - 24 hours a day, Drugs had to be purchased. Some medicaments
such as glucose and biomycin were hard to obtain, and one had to walk from
store to store until the drug could be found.
Churches 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
44. churches in Tula. The largest was located on L. Tolstogo
and omvuzovscaya ? on the cemetery compound, and the others - on Konnaya
Ploshchadt at the end of Oborony St.. in Zarech'.ye and in Chulkovo
IThe
churches were filled to capacity on Sundays, by both young and old people,
and on some occasions some ranking officers (majors and
colonels). On Easter, the line of people waiting to consecrate their cakes
was 121 km. long, 50X1-HUM
Barber Shops
45.
and Krasnoarmeyskaya Streets, one on Oborony St. and one on Sovetskaya St. near
the bridge in the vicinity of the Arm Works,
was from one to three rubles depending on the style of hair out. There were
four other barber shops on Kommunarov St., one on the corner of Sovetskaya
the sen nays Hotel and open dally from 0600 to 2300 hours, The charge
Restaurants
46.
50X1-HUM
three first class restaurants in Tula, viz. Moskovskiy (on
the main floor of 'TTsentralfnaya" Hotel, the restaurant at the main railroad
terminal, and the fabrika-kukhnya on the corner of Mendeleyeva and Metalliche-
skayx Streets. They were comparatively clean, had good service, cloth-covered
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SEr"'~
rage 12 50X1-HUM
47,
480
usually an old man. The restaurants were equipped with cigarette machines
tables, and a better selection of food than the smaller places. The checking-
in of the outer clothing at the wardrobe was obligatory and supposedly free
of charge, however, everyone paid .50 to 1 ruble to the wardrobe attendant,
Potato soup - 2,75 rubles
Consomme 3,00
Borshch 3.00
Shchi (borshch 2.80
with sauerkraut)
included),
The menu dinner was 6 rubles,
a-la-carte was 10 rubles and up (drinks no 0X1-HUM
prices for food: 50X1-HUM
Veal cutlets - 4.-4.50
Meat patties 4 -4.50
Compote 1.25-1,50
Fruit Jelly 1,00
Beer was 3 rubles for a j liter bottle, wine - from 12 to 28 rubles per
bottle, vodka "Stolichnaya" - 36-38 rubles per a liter bottle.
The bill was paid to the waitress, and although tipping was against the
law, people sometimes left one ruble for the waitress,
49. In addition to the three first class restaurants described above, there
were numbrous etolovaya,s and snack-bars in town where prices were about
50 percent cheaper.
Libraries
50. The main library was located on the corner of Kommunarov and Mendeleyeva
Streets, In order to register there, one had to produce a passport. No
deposit was necessary. The use of books was free of charge. One could
take -6 books at once for the
The 50X1-HUM
library was equipped with a large reading hall There were many other
libraries in town 50X1-HUM
Hotels and Accommodations
51.
It was situated in a three story building on Sovetskaya St, at Vosstaniya
Square. The local people were not permitted to reside at the hotel and
travelers had to produce travel orders (komandirovka). The rooms were very
difficult to obtain without a komandirovkak The passport had to be left
at the desk during the stay, and were returned to the owners when they
checked out. The passports were registered with the militia for which the
additional fee of three rubles was charged by the hotel administration.
No deposit of any kind was necessary, and one could pay the bill in any
desirable way: in advance, every 2 or 3 days, or at the end of the stay.
The rooms at the Hotel "Tsentral'naya" were divided in two classes - de-luke
and ordinary. The charge for de-luxe class, which had slightly better
furniture, was 15 rubles per day, 50X1-HUM
only one hotel, the Gostinnitsa "Tsentral'naya", in Tula 50X1-H U M
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52. Dom Kolkhoznika (Farmers' Hotel) was located on Kameneva Street, near the
town's central market, The three-story wooden construction accommodated
40 to 50 people. In order to get accommodations there, one had to produce
a certificate from the responsible farm or rayon authorities (no other
information available). 50X1-HUM
53.
54.
it is quite possible
to stay in town for a week or so without registration with the local militia.
there are always (to each train) people at the railroad
station who offer passengers who have no place to stay, cots or rooms for
amounts from 10 to 30 rubles per night. Since this business is illegal, the
landlords do not register their tenants with the militia unless they de-4--
.L_ _.L ___ _l ..L_ r_- - ,..r__- __._s_.3 _r 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
about 30 percent of Tula homes belong to private owners.
continued to live this way until they were able to get registered, =50X1-HUM
In spite of intensive housing construction., 50 percent of the town's families
have no more than one room, The room is from 150 to 200 rubles per month,
and the cot (koyka) in a room shared with another person costs 100 rubles.
Although there were many job opportunities in Tula, it was impossible to
get employment without a yr iska (registration with the militia). Although
Tula was not a regime city, s difficult to get registered. Therefore
many people who somehow managed to obtain a job without a previous propiska,
a group of stokers badly required WA1I -hUIVI
at the shop came to Tula from another location and were not able to register
with the militia, so the trust administration rented a flat for them and
ordered them to live there to the end of their assignment in Tula and were
told to get in touch with the administration if they were troubled by the
militia. Normally, people are afraid to live without a propiska, as are
the landlords to have unregistered tenants. The presence of the tenants
at the militia for obtaining a propiska is not required., and the registration
at the domovaya kniga (house log) and at the militia office may be performed
by the i pray om' `or - he landlord.
Movies, Theaters, Clubs
55. There were four movie theaters in Tula with two projection rooms in each.
Three were Tsnetral'nyy and Pioner on Kommux50X1-H U M
Street, and omsomo skoye on Oktyabr'skaya St. The fourth mOvieiE:::::::5OXl -HUM
was the sole wide-screen theater in town. In addition
to those described above, there were two or three smaller movie houses in
Tula. There were three early (dne e) showings from 1100 to 1800 hours
with the tickets ranging from 1,00-1,50 to 4,00 rubles, and three night50X1-H U M
showings (vercherniye) from 1800 to 2220 hours with 1,50 to 5.00 ruble tickets.
56. All theaters in Tula were accommodated in old buildings. The Drama Theater
i/n Gor'kogo was located on Kommunarov St, Tickets for shows given by local
performers were 10 rubles., for guest performances - 15 to 20 rubles. TYuZ
(Teatr Yunogo Zritelya - Theater for Young Spectators) was located=
Kominterna St.., and the Puppet Theater - on the corner of Sovetskaya and
Turgeneva Streets,
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57,
on Kommunarov St. Latter operated a gym a go ibrary, and various
amateur circles (musical, literary, etc.). For special occasions, it was
rented by various town enterprises, Dom Pionerov (House of the Pioneers)
was located west of the Kremlin,
the Klub Zheleznodorozhnikov (Club of the Railroad Worker50X1-H U M
in ogoz s y Posyo o , and of the Dom Ofitserov (House of the Officers)
Institutions of Secondary and Higher Learning
58. Out of about 15 institutions of vocational secondary learning in Tula,
the following technikums: 50X1-HUM
a, Mining (Go ) located behind the building of the Mining Institute
on the southern end of Kommunarov St,
b, Construction, also on Kommunarov St,
c, Mechanical, on Kominterna St,
d, Metallurgical.
59, there were five institutes in town, among them the 50X1-HUM
Mechanical Institute and the Mining Institute - both on Kommunarov St? and
the Pedagogical Institute on Mendeleyeva St.
Military Installations
60. The area from the southwest corner of`tremlin to Sovetskaya St, was occupied
by a military reservation with many troops inside of it (no other information
available). The Army Political. School was located on Sovetskaya St., east
of Kommunarov St, (no other information available). The town streets were
frequented by MP patrols, the number of which was reinforced on Sundays and
holidays. The patrol consisted of one officer and two enlisted men wearing
red bands on their arms.- Formerly, the bands had the letters ITKP" on them
50X1-HUM
61.
62,
(probably, komendantskiy patrol'), but recently, the letters were changed
town, being placed in the same manner as above.
50X1-HUM
radar ins i.aij.a-
tions along the Tula - Moscow Highway on its entire length. It began about
30 km. north of Tula and were placed 20 to 30 ktn, apart. The radar towers
were situated 80 to 100 meters from the road, interchangeable on both sides
of it. 30 km. south of Tula, on the Tula - Orel Highway,
and in this direction the radar installations began about 10 Ian, south of the
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Civil Defense
63,
the basements in all
new large houses were constructed very solidly, of 1,20 meter wide blocks,
50X1-HUM
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Page 15 50X1-HUM
without windows and equipped with air filters. The population rumored
that these basements were to be used as public shelters in case of an air
attack on the town, all industrial plants were 50X1-HUM
required to construct bomb shelters for employees on the plant's territory.
MPVO brigades at the industrial plants had drills and 50X1 -HU M
lectures on a weekly basis and were very active otherwise
Trolleybuses
50X1-HUM
64, In 1960 the first trolley line along the Koannunarov St. in Tula was to be
established, according to city reconstruction plans. At the time of this
information, poles and wiring for the proposed connection were delivered and
piled up along this street,
Streetcars
50X1-HUM
65. I I12 streetcar lines in Tula. The streetcar parks were located
on the corner of Krasnoarmeyskaya and Litezina Streets, in Rogozhinskiy
settlement (far from the highway), and on Konnaya Square at the end of
Oborony St, All streetcar tracks were double. On most of the connections
the streetcars ran from 0500 to 0100 hours every 5 minutes
an quite re arly, without a long wait. From 0100 to 0500 hours duty cars
(dezhur tramv) ran every half hour. There were no cargo cars in town.
During the hours streetcars were filled to capacity, and long queus
waited at every stop. During the day, passenger traffic was normal. 50X1-HUM
66, The streetcars were all relatively new, made by Leningrad or Ltvov plant,
Each train consisted of one pulling car and one trailer. The cars were of
yellow color with red trimming. Each streetcar had on its front top part,
a rout shield made of white glass with a mat-colored round part in the
middle7which was indicated the number of the route:
Example: lr)i
At night this route shield was illuminated,
In addition to this route shield, the abbreviated route was indicated on a
steel plate mounted near the entrance, i,e,, Vokzal - Krasnoarm, - Sovet, -
Kominun, - Rogozh, Pos, The stops on the streets were not indicated in any
manner, and a newcomer to town had to get information from the local people
as to how to locate the proper streetcar stop. (This same condition also
applies for all bus connections in Tula.)
Passengers had to enter the streetcars from the rear door, and leave it
thru the front door. The sign over the front seats stated that they were
reserved for small children and invalids of 1M II. The fare was 30 kopeks
50X1-HUM
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for the whole route, or for any number of stops in between. (50X1-HUM
for one leg (from one stop to the next stop) no ticket was 50X1-HUM
required. The tickets, which were white with black lettering, were sold
by a lady-conductor on the car. Conductors kept the tickets in rolls in50X1 -H U M
a black leather bag. The use of streetcars was free for invalids of VGd II.
no detailed information on the monthly tickets but
ey were cheaper than the regular one-time fares, and it was easy5nX1-HI IM
obtain them without any documentation at various places in town, mostly50X1-H U M
at special booths located near the junctions of the streetcar lines where
the crews changed. the monthly ticket (mes achy. 50X1-HUM
bilet) constituted a booklet with tear-off pages for each ride, an featured
no photo of the owner on it.
67. I (routes in Tula:
a. Route #1: Kurskiy Vokzal. (see Paragraph 78) - the end of Kommunarov St.
(Rogozhinskiy Posyolok). Stops:
(1) Vokzal'naya Ploshchad' (at the end of Krasno armeyskaya St.)
(2) Tekhnicheskaya St.
(3) ? (name not recalled by Source)
(14) Litezina St.
(5) Lenina St.
(6) Sovetskaya St.
(7) Kommunarov St.
(8) Kameneva St.
(9) Gogolya St, (or Theater i/n Gortkogo)
(10) Pervomayskaya St.
(11) Stadion (stadium)
(12) Mekhanicheskiy~Institute.~
(13) Shevchenko St. (the beginning of the ?Rogozhinskiy settlement)
(14) Gornyy Technikum
(15) Rogozhinskiy Posyolok (the streetcar ring)
~a s>4' ~ rr:~ a
b, Route #2: The end of Gorky St. (Zavarnaya St.) - the end of Kommunarov
St. There was 7 or 8 stops from Zavarnaya to the corner of Sovetskaya
and Krasnoarmeyskaya Streets and from
there the route went as from to 1 of a., above, Route #l. 50X1-HUM
c. Route #3: Vokzal - Chulkovo - Novaya Tula. From the railroad terminal
to Kammunarov St., the route was as indicated in Parat,Taph a, above for
Route #1 (from (1) to (7)), then it ran on Sovetskaya St., to:
(1) Pirogova St.
(2) Pochta (post office), before the bridge on Proletarskaya St,
(3) P oslchad' (square), after this bridge, in the vicinity of the
vodn2ya stantsiya and Ryazhskiy terminal.
From the city line to Novaya Tula there was one track only, and an
additional fare of 30 kopeks was charged for this portion of the route.
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d, Route #l.: Rogozhinskiy posyolok - Kosaya Gora (on the Tula - Orel
ghway , this distance to be 7 to 8 km. This was
a double track e, an the fare was 50 kopeks.
50X1-HUM
e, Route #5: From the end of Oborony St. (the eastern edge of Rogozhinskiy
Posyo o) thrii small streets of Chulkovo,
f, Route #r6: Zavarnaya St, to Vokzal via Oktyabr t skaya, Sovetskaya and
Krasnoarmeyska4ya Streets,
Route #7: From the end of Kommunarov St, to Chulkovo via Kommunarov,
Sovetskaya and Proletarskaya Streets.
h, Route #8:
i,
Route #9:
Vokzal - Novaya Tula. The route thru the streets of Chulkovo
was not the same as #3.
J. Route 10: Vokzal - Posyolok Kirova.
k, Route #11: Same as #8.
1. Route #12: The end of Oborony St. via Chulkovo - the end of the route
not specified
50X1-HUM
680 The bus park, operating 80 ZIL-150 and LAZ buses, also its own minor repair
shop, was located on #17 Kominterna St, between Litezina and Tekhnicheskaya
Streets. ZIL-150 had 45 seats and 35 standing places, and LAZ (with the
motor in the rear) had 69 places altogether (38-39 seats), The color of
the buses was changed frequently since every time prior to GAI (gosudar-
stvennaya avto- speekktssi a - state auto inspection) control, the buses were
repainted into a color whatever paint was available at the moment, The
routes were indicated by numbers on the front shield (made of glass) and
also on white steel plates tdth black lettering which were mounted next to
the bus entrance (at the rear door). The street names on these plates were
given in an abbreviated manner.
50X1-HUM
69, The fare was 45 kopeks for any number of stops. Tickets were sold by a
lady-conductor at the entrance. The tickets were printed on white saner
Reduced-rate tickets
in booklet form were a ns; in special booths at the o-
Vokzal (Bus Terminal), at Sovetskaya #23, and near the fabrika-kola,
As an experiment, the bus ticket machines were introduced on a few buses,
however, change machines had not been installed yet, and everyone had to
deposit the proper change (45 kopeks). Each bus had two machines, one at
the entrance (near the rear door) and one at the exit (near the front door).
The end of the ticket was sticking out of the machine, and one could get it
without a coin deposit. Offenders were turned over to the militia,
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70, The regular crew of the bus consisted of a driver and a lady-conductor;
on the buses with automatic ticket machines, there was a driver only.
The buses ran from 0500 to 0100 hours, and after that time the duty bus
ran every half hour. Each crew worked a seven-hour shift, and at that
time was supposed to take in 180 rubles of fare money. The plan for the
Tula Bus Park for 1959 was not fulfilled (97.7%), The driver of the
bus received 1,200 rubles monthly, and the conductor - 600 rubles. However,
with a bonus (remial' ee) for driving without accidents, good care of
the vehicle, number of passengers over the quota, etc.) the driver's
salary went up to 1,500-1,600 rubles per month after deductions, and the
conductors salary went up to 700-800, 50X1-HUM
71.
there were 5 or 6 bus routes in Tul
Route (lini a.) #1: Streetcar ring at the Rogozhinskiy settlement (from the
users at on - erebrovskiy settlement (thru many smaller streets) -
Pervomayskaya St. - Kommunarov St. - Sovetskaya St. - Oktyabr'skaya St. -
Aeroport (Airport) on the Tula-Moscow Highway.
Route #9: Streetcar ring as above - many smaller streets in Rogozhinskiy
se ement - Kommunarov St. - Sovetskaya St. - Oktyabr'skaya St. -
Settlembnt Oktyabr'skoye Pole (west of Tula - Moscow Highway, north of
the Komsomol'skiy Park).
Route #8: Oborony St. - Mosina St. - 114ayasnovo (west of town).
72. Settlement Novaya Tula operates its own bus system for the Metallurgical
Works employees; this system is independent from the Tula. Auto Trust which
runs the city buses.
73. Tula taxi park, also under the Auto Trust, operates 110 Volga and Moskvich
taxi cabs. The park is lonatAd on Trudovava St- between Kominterna and
Krasnoarmeyskaya Streets,
714,
a, Sovetskaya #23, in a small lane near the corner of Krasnoarmeyskaya St,
b, Near the fabrikakha,
c, Near Avto-Vokzal (for location, see Paragraph 82).
d, Kurskiy Vokzal,
e, Terminal Tula II.
The taxi cabs ran around the clock, and the drivers worked in three shifts,
seven hours each,
The taxi fare was 1.50 rubles per kilometer, The waiting time was prorated
at .20 rubles per five minutes, A meter, black color, was mounted on the
panel board near the operator indicating the kilometerage and the fare. If
the cab was requested by phone, the fare was charged from the taxi stand.
One also could stop the cab on the street. The fare was charged for the
cab, and not for the number of people. The number of passengers was limited
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
to 4 in Volga cars, and to 3 in Moskvich cars. Taxis were mostly used
in emergency cases (delivery to hospitals or doctors by people in a hurry)
or during the peak hours of traffic (when buses and trolleys were crowded).
Cars for Rent
75. In 1959 in Tula the car-for-rent system was introduced. Cars are being
rented on an hourly basis. In order to rent a car, one had to produce a
driver's license, the number of which was registered in a rental log. No
deposit was necessary. The normal repair was made by the rental park, and
damage done to a car after an accident was repaired at the cost of the
person renting the car, after an appraisal by the GAI inspector. The
car-for-rent park was operated by the taxi park and was located on the
same premises as described in Paragraph 73.
Automobile License Plates, Special Vehicle Distinctions
77.
The cars of prominent personalities carried an additional yellow head lamp.
The first-aid car (skorayapomoshch') was painted white with red crosses
on all sides. The fire engines were painted red. The militia car had a
red stripe on the sides with the inscription "militia" on them, and also
were often equipped with a radio. Taxi cabs had a white-and-black checker
field around the body. 50X1-HUM
Rail Travel
78. The main railroad servicing Tula was Kurskaya railroad, and the main terminal
referred to as the Kurskiy or the Glavnyy Vokzal). This
terminal was a new large one-story construction (for the rough layout of
the terminal proper, see the sketch attached to this report). The terminal
was open around the clock, and was equipped with the best restaurant in town.
Each waiting hall was provided with a bufet (snack bar) which served cold
and warm meals at any time. Carts with snacks and beverages operated in
the halls and at the platforms. The loading platforms were surrounded by
a fence and entrance where one had to present either a train ticket or a
platform ticket which was obtained at the counter. The platform ticket
wqs one ruble and good for one time only. The waiting halls were divided
into different classes
50X1-HUM
79. The second railroad terminal in Tula was the Ryazhskiy Vokzal. It is a
one-story building, with a small restaurant. It is not fenced, and there
r-s r7
ET
50X1-HUM
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S
are no controls when entering the platform.
80. The counter for the advance sale of railroad tickets was located on
Revolutsii Square. Tickets had to be obtained here not later than two
days prior to the trip.
81.
Air Travel
The Aeroflot office was located at #21 Sovetskaya St.50
Out-of-Town Buses and Roads 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
82. divided=out-of-town buses into three categories: z orodnyye
su ur an), dai'nego sledovan a (long distance) and (transit).
The first two operated ZIL an Z buses, and the last category operated
ZIL diesel buses. The bus crew consisted of a driver and a lady-conductor.
Tickets could be obtained on the bus or at the bus station. The main bus
terminal in Tula was located on the Tula - Orel Highway, in Rogozhinskiy
settlement. It was a large one-story building constructed in 1958, and
consisted of a waiting hall, ticket counters (4 or 5), service rooms,
mother and child room, restaurant and snack bar, two public phone booths.
The schedule hung in the waiting hall, where there also was located a free
information desk. The loading platforms were located in the rear of the
avto-vokzal. The bus terminal operated a gasoline station. There were
also two other bus stations of secondary importance, one at Chelyuskintsev
Square, and another on the corner of Kommunarov and Pushkinskaya Streets.
Both were small wooden buildings.
83. I lout-of-town bus routes:
a. Tula - Shchekin, circa 20 km. The buses ran every 20 minutes, from
060 to 0100 hours. The complete fare was 2.50 rubles, but one also
could pay a smaller prorated fare for part of the route, The bus left
from the bus station on the corner of Kommunarov and Pushkinskaya Streets,
then stopped at the Mechanical Institute, and from there was about 5 more
stops to Shchekino, one of them being Kosaya Gora,
b, Tula - Bogoroditsk, about 60 km. I 50X1-HUM
The buses ran from 0700 to 2100 hours, every half hour. They left from
the bus station at Chelyu.skintsev Square via Mendeleyeva and many other
small streets of Tula to Bogoroditsk Highway. 50X1-HUM
c. Tula - Li_petsk, about 60-70 km. There were three buses in the morning
0 0 . 0630 and 1030) and two in the evening.
this distance to be 30 km. The fare
to Plavsk was 8.70 rubles. The bus left at the Central Bus terminal
in Rogozhinskiy settlement via Kosaya Gora, Shchekino, collective 50X1-HUM
farms i/n Stalina and Pobeda, then via numerous coal miner settlements
to Plavsk and Lipetsk. The Tula - Orel Highway (i.e., the distance
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'age 21
was about 8 meters wide with gulleys but no
shoulders on both sides,
84.
d. Tula ---Railroad Station Zheleznyak - Aleksin, from Avto-Vokzal via
Kommunarov St. - Sovetskaya St. - Oktyabr t skaya St. - Moscow Highway.
Two buses r in the morning (0700 2-nd 09n s) and two in the
afternoon, 50X1-HUM
The distance was estimated
every two hours from 0730
e. Tula - Barsukovo from Chelyuskintsev Square via Sovetskaya - Oktyabrt-
skaya - Gor c~iogo St. - Plekhanovo - collective farms i/n Khurshehev,
was 3.15 rubles one way. 50X1-HUM
f. Tula - Stalinogorsk, about 60-70 km. The buses ran every hour from
0500 to 2 00 or 2130 hours, They left from the central bus terminal
via Kommunarov St, - Sovetskaya. St. - to Bogoroditsk Highway via the
Uzlovaya Railroad Station and Dubovskiy settlement,
Stalingorsk, 50X1 -H U M
an entirely new city, ws a large emi.c o ine and relay station.
g, Tula - Odoyevo, No other information available.
On all the above routes the schedule was very vague, and the bus normally
would not leave until the required number of passengers had boarded,
1 Tula - Moscow. Leaving from the Central Bus Terminal via Kommmunarov -
Sovetskaya - Oktyabrtskaya - Moscow Highway thru Zheleznyak an d
Serpukhovo, The buses ran every 20 to 30 minutes from 0500 to 2200 hours.
The fare was 28.50 rubles. The distance from Tula to Moscow is 180 km,
and this distance was indicated on kilometer posts. The highway is about
8 meters wide, with two meters wide hard surface shoulders and galleys on
both sides. The road is in fairly good condition. There were three
gasoline stations along the entire route, in Tula (at the Central Bus
Terminal), in Serpukhovo and in Moscow. In the vicinity of Tula there
were rough spots on the highway, but after Serpukhovo the road was much
smoother. A large bridge of wooden construction over the Oka River in
Serpukhovo was about 6 to 7 meters wide and 80 to 100 meters long. Next
to it were located two large railroad bridges over the same river.
The transit buses of the Moscow - Orel - Khartkov route and points south
stopped in Tula at the Central Bus Terminal.
Industries
85~
e e was a new an an old ire arms plant downtown., in the
river (or the bridge there 50X1-H U M
was a Stamping or #5 plant on ara a St, no other information available).
The beer brewery was situated near the stadium off Kommunarov St, The
vicinity of the Up a River; the plants were located on both sides of the
to be about 30 ka, The buses ran
ours, The fare for the entire route
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86.
87.
there were also the following plants in Tula
c ne in Kirov settlement, An Accordion factory in Chulkovo.
age 22
fan and boiler plant was located in a small lane off Oktyabr'skaya 3t,
The Novo-Tul'skiy Metallurgical Plant was in Novaya Tula, An agricultural
Machine Construction Works; Refrigerator and Sewing Machine Plant;
Plants #6, #7, and #9. 50X1
The plant repaired the motors of agricultural
machines for MTS. The plant was under the Directorate of the Agriculture
(Upravleniye Sel'skogo Khozyastva) and was supervised at the time by
( u ZNE 0 , presently the inspector with Tula Sovnarkhoz. The plant
employed 80 to 90 workers, and repaired 125 thousand diesel motors per year
in its two motor and mechanical shops, equipped with 20 to 30 lathes. F_
The office of the tru-s-t-en-p7ojed only
at the Motor Repair ork~ 50X1
Tuloblavtotrest (Automobile Trust of Tula Oblast t)_
-HUM
was occupied by the bus station. The trust superintendent was Petr Nikitich
he trust occupied the second floor and two rooms of the first
e building on 23 Sovetskaya Street; the rest of the first floor
and chic engineer was Konstantin Filimonovich ZUBENK
DADUKOV
Valentin
en eon ovich POGORETSK a technician (tekhnik)
his deputy
The trust had the following departments: cargo
erevoz 1 , passenger ( assazhirski ), planning (lano ), bookkeeper'
) and tec~tekhnicheski ), the latter headed by 50X1
people., but it had 1 economies (khozyaystvo) in Tula and oblast' and
operated 4,000 vehicles and about 5000 workers'. In Tula,
a bus park, #21, (which also provided minor repair service) at 17 Kominterna.
St.; #2 taxi park at Trudovaya St.; #60 park operating diesel trucks; #14 park
operating trucks, Outside Tula, the Trust had khozyaystvo in the following
locations in Tula oblast':
Aleksin
Barsukovskiy (or Barsukovo) settlement
Belovo
Dubovskiy settlement
Yefremov
Shchekino
Stalinogorsk
Employment and Wages
88. At the present time one could change the place of employment at his own
convience. The workers had to give 15 days notice to the employer, and
the administrative personnel had to give one month's notice, If the employer
fired the worker, he had to pay him 15 days salary in advance.
50X1-HUM
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89.
In 1959 the working day
would make labor easier and more productive,
were told by the administration that automation in the very near future
was made shorter; the office
began to mork L.0 hours per week and the shops - 37 hours. In the shops50X1-H U M
although the day was made one hour shorter, the production quota remained
the same. When the workers expressed their dissatisfaction over this, they
an unconfirmed rumors said50X1-HUM
90.
92.
that there was some difficult at the Bearing Plant in Moscow after the
denunciation of Molotov, there was a six hour day fc50X1-H U M
jobs requiring hard labor but had no other information on this subject.
Beginning with 1958 the government raised the salaries in the lower-pay
brackets and reduced the higher bracket salaries in an effort to bring
them closer together, So, i.e., the candidate of the technical sciences
and the head of the faculty at the Mechanical Institute who previously
received 3,000 rubles per month were now receiving 1,800 rubles per month.
This, undoubtedly, was taken with a negative attitude by the highly paid
employees and with obvious satisfaction by the simple workers. According
to official reports, in 1960 the minimum wages should be brought up to
600 rubles per month. 50X1-HUM
ke 23
the formation of the so-called "brigades of
the communist labor" which
quota iri 5 years, but
more productivity and lots o ing.
promised to fulfill the 7-year
there was, in reality, not much
wages of personnel (after
Taxi driver - 750 (formerly, 500)
Bus driver - 1,000-1,200
Barber - up to 1,000
Raznorabochiy (common worker with no permanent position assigned to him) -
350 - 450 rubles
Cleaning woman - 350-450
Shop foreman (master tsekha) - 700-1,100
Shop superintendent nac alinik tsekha) - 1,000-2,000
Engineers - 12200-11500
Skilled workers on piece work - 4th and 5th categories - 600
Skilled workers on piece work - 6th and 7th categories - up to 1,500
the 1958 adjustments and after deductions : 50X1-HUM
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CR
SE U`\
T
The landlady shared a room with her little grandson, the father of who
was killed in the war. The furniture of this room consisted of the 50X1-HUM
landlady's bed and a small bed for the boy, a dining table for 12 persons,
six primitive so-called "polish" chairs, cardboard and an old carpet on
the floor.
This was a communal apartment (kommunal'n a kvartira) and the landlady
paid 62 rubles per month include utilities (gas, water, electricity).
A kitchen was shared by two families residing in the apartment. This kitchen
was equipped with a gas range. The main entrance to the house was never
board (excluding
aun and care for the bedding) 00 rubles per month, then increased 'L
voluntarily ily to 600 rubles. On the same floor (or rather, the same sub-
divided apartment) resided as old woman,living
on a pension.
are given in rubles and the quantity in kilograms, unless otherwise noted):
Item Store Price Market Price Remarks
Markets, Groceries,
94, The central market of Tula, the Collective Farm Market (KolkhozrBazar)
was located on a square at Kameneva St? about one to one and a h ion.
east of Kommunarov St. Formerly, it was a large number of stands, some
under open sheds (navesy) but lately new pavillions were lmi constructed
which were surroun a brick wall with gates in the wall. Some open
stands for the sale of fruits and vegetables remained. The local farms
from the vicinity and individual producers (mostly from Myasnovo) delivered
goods to the market. The individual producers brought mostly vegetables.
The fruits and vegetables from the southern region of the Soviet Union were
rare and very expensive. Although normally the grocery stores of Tula were
well supplied, in cases when the supply was interrupted, one could always
obtain the desired products at the Farmer's Market for higher prices. Tula
belonged to the 2nd food sale zone (vtoraya produktovaya zona),
95.
Onions
Garlic
Cabbage
Potatoes
Apples
Melons
Bread, dark
Sugar, granulated
Sugar, lump
Clothing Other Products
50X1-HUM
comparative prices for food stuffs (all prices
1.50 3.00
5.00 8 to 10,00
.40 1.20
.90
5-6,oo
2.00
.90 to 1.60
9.00
11.00
1,50
5-6.00 2-3,00 in season
2,00 (fall)
50X1-HUM
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age 25
50X1-HUM
Store Price
7-8,00
11.00
14,00
13-14.00
7.00
28.00
25-26,00
Market Price Remarks
Seldom of good quality
it it it it
Meat, beef
Meat, lamb
Meat, pork
Chicken (per piece)
Eggs (for 10)
Butter, top grade
Butter, boiled
16-20.00
18-20,00
17-18.00
20-25.00
1-13,00 Seldom fresh
33.00
Cerals, macaroni foods and bean family vegetables were always in abundance
at the stores.
96. Clothing and footwear, both of Soviet production and imported goods, were
in abundance, but the prices were very high. A good winter coat (men's)
with karakul collar cost about 2,800 rubles, the light top coat - 1,700 to
1,800 rubles. Men's suits were from 1,400 to 1,600 rubles, shoes from 180 to
200 rubles, and shoes with white crepe soles from 250 to 400 rubles.
97.
50X1-HUM
in Tula
there was a second-hand market located on Aleksandrovskaya Square in the
vicinity of the intersection of Demonstratsiy and Svobody streets where
one could sell articles which were normally difficult to obtain at the
stores, On some articles, such as imported sweaters, hosiery, children's
felt boots, and bedding, one could make up to a 50 percent profit, and
on sewing machines up to 2,500 rubles.
98. the farmers were engaged in bootlegging at all times, 50X1-HUM
it was done to cover their own needs and not for commercial use.
99.
it was not wise to pass at night on any secondary 50X1 -HU M
street (where he never sighted a militia patrol) because of the danger
of being robbed. Criminal acts committed mostly by young people began
to diminish in the course of the last 3 or 4 years 50X1 -HU M
with the improvement in living standards, the intensified 50X1-HUM
activities of the volunteer's brigades (assisting the militia) and of the
public courts (obshchestvennyye surly), and also intensified propaganda by
the Komsomol organizations and newspapers.
50X1-HUM
100,1 formerly young men had frequent fights on the premises
of the city park, some ending with murders, on account of girls, Some
youths murdered girls because of jealousy, in 1958 50X1-HUM
three men robbed a store, taking 40 or 45,000 rubles, killing the cashier
and injuring the militia man. After one month they were all caught, one
was sentenced to death and two others to 25 Years- This case sun-posedly
was covered by the local newspapers
in 1959 a driver employed by the Bread Baking Plant wa-
50X1HUM
sentenced o years for rape.
50X1-HUM
101.
In spite of 50X1-HUM
strict punishment for prostitution, there were some prostitutes who could
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50X1-HUM
be recognized by all international standard marks of the street Girl
The hotels were excluded since no woman except the wife could be admitted
to the rooms after 2200 hours, Prior to this time one could smuggle a
female into his room if the girl looked legitimate. However, commonly,
there was little need for prostitutes due to the very 1050X1 -H U M
level of public morals, and the fact that the majority of Soviet women
worked and made their own money, they would commit the sexual acts for any
thinkable reason rather than for money, 50X1-HUM
102, Proposals to the new criminal code were handled as any officially handed-
down directives. The code was discussed at the meeting of the enterprise'
employees by a number of appointed eaker
School Reform
101, The new school reform was generally welcomed by the public except for the
intelligentsia who were afraid that their children would remain workers 50X1-HUM
as they would not be able to cope with study and work at the same time.
The majority of high school graduates were happy with the new system which
gave them the opportunity to make a better living by working and studying
by correspondence or studying at night th would by mtraipht nt.11fiv
at the institutions of higher learnin
minors un to 18
They were given preference in acquiring jobs, then
ey were supposed to go thru a special short term course which would enable
them to acquire some technical skill. By directives from above, the KSM, the
trade union and the administration are obliged to help these students -
workers to advance in any possible way and they (these organizations) do
so, dog-watching each other,
Labor Camps
105,
Tula (no other
Atomic Works
106, ,lien in Tula,
for foreigner
50X1-HUM
there was a labor camp ( or camps) in Kosaya Gory near
information available).
This was discussed
50X1-HUM
the vicinity of Tomsk is a forbidden zone
edly there is an atomic installation there,
among the workers when the visit of Nixon to the USSR
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was announced, and they had the opinion that Nixon would not be permitted
107. Nikolay Ser eyevich ZHILIN~ engineer-mechanic, member of the CP
-HUM
head of the 2nd Taxi Park
former officer, came to Tula after discharge
from the army, an engineer, married, head of the diesel park
fnu) TESHKE17ICH
member of the CP, head of the
doctor, head of the clinic of Semashko Hospital
resides in .Rom settlement,
Information and Address Desks
1080 The information (or inquiry) desks ( ravochnno a byuro) were located in
front of the railroad terminals and bus stations and terminals, and also
on the corner of Kommunarov and Kameneva Streets, The fee for information
was .20 rubles. The address desk was located at the main militia building.
Here information was given free of charge, and no documents were required.
Militia and Traffic
50X1-HUM
109. Militia men were posted at the main intersections and along the major
Dmitriy Nikitovich DUGIN
(fnu) CHICHULINA
These men normally stayed in one place, and did not patrol the streets
streets at a distance of approximately 500 to 600 meters from each other,
the street from the Central Library i/n Lenina on Mendeleyeva St. and 50X1-HUM
another - on the corner of Kommunarov and Sovetskaya Streets. There were
no posts on the bridges used by pedestrians and auto traffic,
only two locations of permanent militia posts: one - across
contact between the posts was maintained by patrol cars,
there were no telephones for exclusive militia use,
110. The major intersections in Tula are controlled by automatic traffic signals.
They are mounted overhead in the center of the intersection, or on posts
located on all four corners of the intersection. The order of the lights
(from top to bottom) is red, yellow, green. The major intersections that
have no traffic signals are controlled by traffic militiamen; some of these
traffic re;;ulations and severe punishment for offenders
intersections are Kommunarov - Pushkinskaya, and Kommunarov - Pervomayska.Ya
intersections, there was a strict enforcement of 50X1-HUM
Pedestrian crossings were marked by round lamps with the w(50X1-H U M
"Crossing" on them which was illuminated at night, and by a double row of
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round steel plates mounted into the pavement,
Heavy traffic (trucks) was prohibited on
Kommunarov St. and Fridrikha Engel'sa St, was designated for heavy traffic
detour, (For details of a typical intersection, see the sketch attached
to this report.) 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Controls and Documentation
in.
112.
113.
that the rayon militia representative on the eve of the October Day and
May Day celebrations at about 2000 hours went from house to house in a
designated district and checked the documents of the inhabitants, 50X1-HUM
Even the long trip from Siberia to Tula via Moscow
occurred without any document check. The journey from Tula to Soviet Julfa
also produced no document controls, In Julfa the international car was
put in the dead-end sidin
'
hours, one captain of the border troops and a civilian customs offices50X1-HUM
arrived at the car, and thoroughly checked the suitcases of the international
passengers. They also were asked to produce the contents of their pockets.
However, this procedure was conducted very politely and the pocket check
was not conducted personally. After this procedure, which took 35 to 40
minute
The car was not guarded
The next morning at about 0?()
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Att. / .
in the Ivdel' Area, Northern Ural
Transportation to the Camp:
a group of
gauge line at Kamensk.
50X1-HUM
to the end station, Kamensk, about 15 km.
Then this punkt was transferred 60 km, from Kamensk,
to the Loz'va River, where the prisoners were engaged in agricultural work
and wood cutting in the mountains. Ivdel' was connected with Kamenskbac/t
by a regular gauge rail road and a highway (latter constructed as farA as
1937). For carrying timber from the woods to Kamensk a narrow gauge rail-
road was used; however, this road was not interconnected with the regular
50X1-HUM
Comment: The Kamensk Railroad Station or the township with this name
could not be located with the available reference material. It is, probably,
the Polunochnoye Railroad Station, the end-station of the Ivdel'Polunochnoye
connection, located 23 km. from Ivdell II.
C"N
Cri.mna-Ls x-1-1 lea Tne a en en anopene a oors a e fail. However,
no one had a chance to escape since the turmoil was very quickly put down,
From Rostov the prisoners were loaded onto freight cars formerly used for
carrying coal (20 men to a car). They were issued parasha-s (toilet bowls).
Every day the prisoners received 1150 grams of bread and9 grams of sugar,
and water at very irregular intervals. The train arrived in Ivdel' after
28 or 30 days of journey.
2. From Ivdel'L
from Ivdelt
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E..? ~y"'rT E
Administrative Division and Camp
3.I Ithe administrative division of
e camps in Ivdel'l~lvv el camps : 9 to 15 la unktZs (camp localit,
or points) each-7-on containing from 100 to 5,000 inmates constituted one OLP
(off tdelor otde lamerkhpunktov - camp point section), and 11 to 15
OLP s con`? u e one camp. The camp 6mmander was a General (NU), the
chief of OLP was Lt. Colonel (NU), the chiefs of the 1' unkt-s were officers
ranking from lst. Lieutenant to Lt, Colonel, Captain (fnu) 50X1-HUM
KUZNETSOV and Major (fnu) IVANOV who were chiefs of lagpunkts,
4. The Ivdel'-lag center was located in Ivdel' where lagpunkt #3 was also situated.
The prisoners of this lagpunkt were engaged in agriculture. Originally, 50X1-H U M
lagpunkt #11
was also located in Ivdel'. Then this lagpunkt was moved 60 km, from Ivdel'
to the Loz'va River where part of the prisoners were engaged in agriculture
and the rest in wood cutting in the nearby mountains.
5.
15 km, from Ivdel; and the largest lagpunkt in the area, #5, with 5,000 men
was also located at the same distance from the town. The prisoners of this
lagpunkt worked in the saw mill and in the chemical plant. The penal
(shtrafnoy) lagpunkt, #7, was located about 100 km. from Ivdel', in the
mountains, and had no electric power supply.
many unidentified lagpunkts for female prisoners located 50X1-HUM
Contingent of prisoners
6, The Russians and Ukrainian prisoners were in majority, followed by representar-
tives of Baltic, Caucasian, and Middle-Asian republics,
Germans, Poles and French were also in camps in the Ivdel' area,
only 5 to 6 percent of the prisoners were bytoviki cr 50X1-HUM
and the rest were convicted for political crimes. There were many former
members of the Vlasov army, of the Bandera formations, and Soviet soldiers
who were POWs in German camps. There were some Trotskites who were given
25 years in 1937 they took part in the attempt on 50X1-HUM
Lenin's life) and-iorexgners with espionage (no other information
available), after serving their terms, all political
prisoners were settled in the area or deported to other distant places 00X1 -H U M
the Soviet Union, but none were released to their former places of residence,
Working Conditions and Food Supply
7, The prisoners got up at 0600 hours, The working day consisted of 8 hours,
not including the walk to the working place which in some cases was as far
as 18 km. from the camp. Bed time was at 2200 hours, 50X1-HUM
8, Most of the time, Source worked in the woods cutting trees. The norm was
6 meters per man, which meant that one had to cut 6 trees, each from 6 to
621 meters long and 60 cm, in diameter (to cut off, to pile and to burn the
branches; and to roll the cleaned trunk on the road). All work was done by
hand, and only recently automatic saws were introduced- The prisoners did
not know how to use these saws properly
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A L_
P age 3
9. The inmates, who for health reasons did not work, received 600 grams of
dark bread daily, odin char ak balan (one scoop of thin soup) in the
morning and one in the evening, People who did not fulfill the working 50X1-HUM
quota received 300 grams of bread and soup in the morning only. Those
who made 100 percent of their norm received the normal ration as described
in the beeinnine of this paragraph, plus about 150 grams of kasha.
working norms:
1 - 1 (fulfillment of the norm for 110 %)
1 - 2 (115 %)
2 - 2 (120 %)
3 - 3 (over 120 %)
The bread ration was increased by a 100 grams with each additional grade,
and beginning with the norm 2-2 the prisoners were entitled to some more
kasha and sugar.
10. The sick prisoners were treated at the first aid stations available at every
lagpunkt. The camp headquarters at Ivdel' operated a large hospital and
unkt (rehabilitation station) where the prisoners
so-called odkormoc
h= R-
regained their strength after sickness and plain exhaustion. There were
numerous cases of starvation and scurvy among the prisoners. The medical
staff in the first aid stations and the hospital was almost exclusively from
among the prison inmates.
Securit
11. All lagpunkts were surrounded by barbed wire fences and watch towers. Each
brigade of 20 to 35 prisoners was escorted to work by two guards assisted
by a dog,
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