WHY IS IT THE INTELLECTUAL WHO USUALLY IS THE BETRAYER?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00131R000500340002-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 1
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 8, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 6, 1956
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

STAT WASHINGTON 77f g t vf,c
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2013/11/08: CIA-RDP81-00131R000500340002-6
(THE MEN IN THE TROJAN HORSE
y Is it the intellectual.
DR. KURT SINGER
What do we knoAv of the psychology of espionage? Why have
tualS been tempted successfully by foreign-powers?
Why is the simple peasant
Ily is t e
etrayer?
never the man who talks ana
confesses under the terror-of the
aittators ? Why is it the intel-
lectual who is frequently the
first to Confess, collaborate and
betray?
J. Edgar Hoover, chief of the'FBI,
gave a good description Of why
Some intellectuals fall for commu-
nist espionage when he said of:
Harry Gold; the Soviets', atomic spy
courier: -
"Row did this Man get started
as a traitor? He considered
an idealist, which Made him
? feel! above the law, fistifying
-means by ends . . He became
a Soviet agent. thru 0,3sociation
With Red friends, th'rti misguided
idealism for the 'underdog'."
This analysis also fits Dr. Klaus
nicks, .pr Bruno Pontecorvo, or any
of out.% scientific spies: of the last
decade, _ ?.
-Eutifs's liAcKGttOuNio "
Klaus Fuchs' youth can tit us
Why he revolted against present? so-
ciety?why he, the frustrated pas-
tor's son, wanted to do something
"really big." When it is -considered
that.hekwas the son of a father who
always had tried to make him dif-
fetent?a father he often revered
and often jiatedKlaus Fuchs' con-
duct becolites understandable.
His father was a -minister and
pacifist in the early Hitler era in
Germany. Other Fuchses went
marching to conquest.
They were prussians; Klaus hated
Prussia. They were Nazis; he be-
came a refugee. They were "Ar-
yans,"' and Fuchs was a Jewish
name in Germany tho his father
was a Protestant. Perhaps there
were always two Klauses?one the
German, the other the alien.
Unstable,- persecuted, unhappy
and shaky, he needed a violent out-
- ward allegiance, the love of a real
country. He felt rootless. In these
years he was often close to a break-
down. It is here that the secret
Soviet machine moved in. Fuchs
listened to the agent sent by Lay-
renti Beria, then the incredible head
of all Soviet espionage. The under-
paid, Fuchs was not interested in
the $500 thrust upon him by the
agent. It was a twisted "humani-
tarianism" that won hiin.
PAID AND RECEIPTED
Indeed, most of the scientific spies
In the Soviet fold were actually wil-
ling to work without fees. But the
Fourth of five stories by a former.
U. S. intelligenee agent, from his
recent book, published by Beacon
Press.
Soviet secret service insisted on pay-
ing; demanded recipts togiave proof
of their .agents' collaboration.- Any
receipt for money, even if signed
with a fictitious name, hung a sword
of Damocles over the head of the
agent.
Was Fuchs a typical Soviet spy?
He was weak, ,lonely and lost in
this world of chaps... But he did not
.fit the. requirements Of a Soviet
spy as defined. in Soviet intelligence
Order 185,796: ":"Agents must be of
the intelligentsia; they must not
shrink from the last sacrifices at
the crucial moment."
Fuchs was. not capable of this
last :sacrifice., He betrayed his co- ,
workeis, many of whom were new
Sovret vies -caught during the last
few years-.
-CHAIN OF BETRAYAL
Alfred '-bean Slack, the Eastman
Kodak spY, testified against courier! .
.Harry ?Gold. Gold admitted that
Greenglass.. had stolen the
blueprints of the Nagasaki atom .
bbmb for. him. Greenglass. in turn
betrayedrhis own sister and. brother-
in-law, the Rosenbergs, by ?confess:
ing. So the chain reaction went,
But there .are more Soviet agents
Who remain loyal, who will never
',Capitulate: These are the men and
women who would rather die than h
betray their own spy ring and Soj
viet superiors.
Dr. Edward Glover, an eminent '
British psychiatrist who attended
the trial of Fuchs,' analyzes lir-
character and the mind of a traitor
as follows: "His character Is per-
verted, often incalculable and fre-
quently antisocial. Above all IP:
tends to be devoid of guilt, indeed,
'many take a certain pride in his
more bizarre achievements."
? THERE IS NO GLAMOUR
The professional spy service wilt
-recruit all types of spies, from the
homosexual or other abnormal pet?
sonalities to the dollar-a-year man
Spies have believed there is both
money and glamour in espionage.
There is not. Communist and Nazi
spies often worked without fee,
under party orders. Still the Nazis
once paid $250,000 to the Albanian
agent Cicero, who copied secret
documents of the Yalta and Tehran
conferences. It is said, however,
so many intellec-
that?the money was counterfeit. I
know many agents who have never
received more than $50 a week, plus
expenses.
Gerhart Eisler, who was called
Soviet spy No. 1 in America, lived
. in poverty in New York. Magda
Fontages, who was Mussolini's mis-
tress and later a Gestapo spy,
worked for only $42.50 a month dur-
ing the war. ?
(Copyright by Kurt Singer. Distributed by
United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
TOMORROW: Spy Catching Is a
Business, for Professionals.
?
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2013/11/08: CIA-RDP81-00131R000500340002-6