CONFERENCE FOR EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE IN USE OF AUTOMATED TELEGRAPH COMMUNICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00280R000100060033-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 1, 2011
• Sequence Number: 33
• Publication Date: June 27, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011 /04/01
CIA-R DP81-002808000100060033-2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011 /04/01
CIA-R DP81-002808000100060033-2
 C ~ Ex~lr~: t~/' faTEii l f7lE'!' t ~ ?
CU.7C !lI +4'it7i+tT1~XS TI~J~~t4'!3 CK~iC.et'lRtilEt
Yeateih a ?as (CoervasE?{law
Merefd Ma 17. OeceeOer 1lSS.
1loeeow. Mge? Z4-u'
A eoeten~s.. of worpn of t?lKnpA ??terprfsee caMwaeO sa rl,ak for
the puryoe? of ?sehasgfeg esperfeece is the we of swtametiaeC coemamfeatloas
sad for tM purpose of devetopfag oe tM basf? of tbta osperieace eoec nt?
recossieedatioer for lurtMr laprowerat of telegraph operstfoe. The eon-
te nace was ?tteaded by rap nseetative? of 2S oblsat. kray. ?ad npublic
telegrspb caste n of tM ~S18R, Mlorwsfs. the Uhrsfae, Latvia. Lithuania,
sad Estoois. ?s well ?? by wore n of the Cemtrsl ffcfeatitic Research
Iastitut? of Cor+muafcatiou ?ed npnsemtatlves of the flleletry of Com-
municstioas USSR, the npublia alaletrfes of coeieuaicatloas ?ad the rinistry
of Radio Engincerlag Iedw try USSR.
The coeterenc? heard and discwsed nport? oa methods for turther tech-
nical progns? in telegraph coesm+aicstioaa tscilitfe? ?nd on e~cperience in
the ?utomatiseLion ?ed erchsnisatfoo of production proceese? at ? number of
telegraph enterprises. ?he Conte nac? noted that durfag the last five-year
plea considerable technical n -equfpret of telegraph cowuaication? enter-
prless ws? achieved. The awber of ?tsrt-atop teletypewriters in operation
raa inc nosed by 70 percent, the Dumber of voice-t ngwncy-carrier tele-
grsph chsnael? wse fac nosed by bl percent. The laetalled capacity of sub-
scriber telegraph exohsage? rose by 1~0 percent. In the last~yesr 110 ^il-
lioa telegrsey were handled by ?utamatised communfcstfoae. In the tirst
six wntha of this year ?utomstised message handling wa? twice that of the
tirst six months of 19S{. It la important to note that automatic procsseing
of telegrams not only peraitted ?n Saa nss? !n the productivity o! labor vi
telegraph a~peratose but ?leo lnoressed the rate ?t which telegrams were
handled.
?hone attending the aoatesenoe heard ? report by Engineer Y. P.
Studitovsya of OUIR'I'g (Ilsia Adaiaiatrstion of Iateroity Telegraph sad Tele-
phone Communioations~ oa a system of automatio transceiviag of telegrams
with soda switohiag now wader development. The mentioned`eystem provides
!or ?utomstio trsasmission of telegraph aosnspoadeac? through ?n automa-
tised unit. In addition, part of the equipment of the unit will not require
oonataat stteadaaoe, whioh will turther inareaee the rate of handling of
telegrams. Aaoordiag to preliminary ?stimate? the produotivity of labor
will be laoreased by 3.8-~ times. This i? to M ?ohieved not merely by
automatising the proaees of tssasoeivfag telegrams but also by automatising
many auxiliary proaesees (oollation of serial nwbers ?t the receiver,
automatio sosnniag of telegrs^ sddreseee, determfniag the transmission
eequeace of telegrsms,aooording to oategorfee, ?to). It i? necessary that
?agineeriag and teohniaal workers beoome thoroughly aoquainted with the
twohaiques of soda switohing ?t thin time and that they submit proposals
for improving the operating of the given system.
' In noting the eubetsntisl ?ohievemente !n the field of automatization
of trsneoeiving of telegra~ee ?ud in endorsing, !or the soot part, the
teohniaal polloy of the Ministry of Communioations U88R !or the ubvolopment
and improvement of telegraph oomsunioatfons iaoilities the oonterence at
the same Lime called attention to ? nusber of serious shortoosings. Thus,
the plsnt? of the Ministry of Radio Engineering Industry U89R ere produc-
ing 8T-36 (start-stop teletypewriter( ?quipaent and ?utos~atio oontral
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 devlcua of low quality, which zedu~es :he e:fectiweness of automatization
and hinders the campaign to elim:r_ate sFailage in processing telegrams,
The exceptionally poor quality of the ST-35 equipments explains, for ex-
ample, the necessary for replaceuent of components of the dialing mechan-
ism in new equipn~~nt after a few months o? ^gerarion. Each unit received
from the plant ?~tst be repaired as average of i8 times per year, The
participants in the conference emphasized that the workers of the Minis-
try of Communications USSR, in spite of numercus complaints, have still
not drawn the proper conclusions from the decisions of the July PlAnum
of the TsK KPSS [Central Committee of the Coxmunist Party of the Soviet
Union( and continue to deliver c,bsolete equipment Of poor quality. As
a result, not only is the introduction of new, adva~ es equipment hin-
dered, but the normal operation of to?egraph'GOmmuni~~t~4~iona is often
completely disrupted,
Substantial shortcomings in the automatization of operations at a
number of telegraph centers war,: also acted, Experience has shown that
the productivity of labor in automatized co.~tmunicationa can be con~ider-
ably increased with proper organization of the telegraph operator'? work-
ing position, The participants in the conference introduced n proposal
to change Lhe deeign of the operator's desk so that one operator can
attend to two instruments; at the same time provision should bo made
for the posaibiliLp of two telegraph operator's working independently
at one desk,
The conferer.+~e pointed out Lhat the coabined method of automatiza-
tion, in which Nome of the telegrams are transmitted automatically and
others are transmitted manually, does not promote an increase in the pro-
ductivity o! labor, }Iet;ce, at those telegraph canters which are equipped
with various apparatus !t 1s necessary to achieve complex automatiza-
tion in order thy.:: all telegrams may be processed automatically, regard-
less of the type of apparatus installed at the telegraph center, Tn
this connection the conference examined in detail the problem of the:
application of node converters and approved several proposals of great
practical interest.
The first of these proposals, introduced by the workers of ttie idinsk
telegraph center, dealt with automatization of Morse communication and
adapting it to use with automatization of the S'T-35 egnlpmert. A siaple
converter la already in use in Minsk to convert the code signals of the
ST-35 to Morse cnde, This converter is based on the Creed perforator.
Telegrams addressed to the rayon centers are received hero on perforator
tape with conver,:iott to Morse code and are then transmitted further on
a Creed transmitter, Telegrams from the, rayon centers are received on
Moran equipment. '
btoreovor, by means of a tape-transport mechanism the tope is fed
to the desk of an STA [start-stop' unit which permits the telegraph
operator to imme~?iately perforate the tape for the ST-35 code. The lat-
ter 1s fed further to the automatized communications transmitter, The
described system together with the.l6ttrse ccncentrntor considerably
spends up?thu movement of telegrams from Morse communlcntlors to com-
munications facilities equipped with ST-35 units and vRCe versa, Engineer
R. S. Brazitnnos of the Minsk telegraph renter submitted interesting pro-
posals for the development of ro?ay canverters to convert Mcrae signals
to ST-35 signals and vice versa, It i9 nPCOSSary to press for the develop-
ment of these code convertors in order to accelerate the compiox auto-
matl~,ntion of telegraph communications.
!'~~ Sanitized Copp Approved for Release 2011/04/01 CIA-RDP81-002808000100060033-2.R~ ?a ,>:,`. ~., r,??.. _ p w?,i
 t?~~+ ~g?~ tas~rtart ar+ope++rlr tea t-ts tt!~:t at ?res+wtttttts~ ctiiw far
t1-?r cws.~rrrtpao at fM+Kd~t ?p~an[ws far atHr~tt.af a# ter ~!"-~~ et~.A?., t.c+?s-
tt?lly uar prwpi.rel c+raae?t? tq s*y~a~tggrtst t4.. t+~~-lst ?s>:~anta.s +tta t-tfM-
rbetlr+ ritM +e~rer~t eAsrrttrtr4 carrr+t?~a.-stst t~? 43t AII~3i~ ce~i~. at tm..
ssrr ttrrr tt +rtll hr- a~~fssrT ter afr~an, ts:?irAfa ep~raearr to r+-
llafa aiatprlaterua of tn+ t~ib~errq. ~t rr~rlsa;s ?t wrov-a1 trlstr+t{4
eer~tora Asa aAa.a, ?reA rw-learwt~ by St. telstrepll cpente-rs prtss?:a
ao at+tclsi dttttcrltr. Aload rttb eb[r, c~+art-ttoo of coe~stcattan
isc111t1es provided ritb taudot sppsntt-s to tRt if:-0S case ssAes pa.atble
? sharp iaertsa! fa su[ooatiaN tr+rtlie ritAOUt coaeidersble tapeaditnn s
fa tM asaulsetnrt of spettsl colt caavertera. riil~at LEt la[roSucLioa of
sa additional step is tbt bacdlies o! to:e~rasa, a~.,; .::.?.out ccaplicstiag
operation.
The contertaee dlselossd tbt basic resaora ray st s auwber of telegraph
teeters success has not btta bad !a trsaseetvia~ ttlegrsws ritb iaterNx-
cbsage trsasit. a=perleoee bs? shore that sltbout furatsAia~ telegrspb cen-
ters ritb ?ptcisl waits for load bslsaelas or rltb Ai~b-speed trsaswitters
sad reperforstora s ?ystt^ of sutowsiisstloa rrlth puahbuttoa aritcbiag
is hardly ettectfv~ sad does ant tasure fu21 use of out~olag co:aun:estioas
channels. At the ssa? tiws iatroduetioa st large telegraph seaters of ?
?yste^ of autowtitised trsasceivias of telegrssa ritb the tearing and
transttr of tape causes swch laeoaveaieace day to the nacasaity of csrry-
ia~ the perforated taps over cousidersble diatsaues, oltaa crow one floor
to soother. Hence, every effort east be suds to speed up the work o! develop-
ing ? aer, sdvsaced scheme of autosatized transceiving of telsgrams rith
inter-exchsnge?transit rhioh rill insure the wsxiw;iw ass of outgoing
channels.
Many of the persons apesking st the conisrance noted the disparity
between outmoded methods of operation sad nsw techniques of processing
telegraph correspondence. IC is absolutely necessary that automatization
of :.ho trsnscei~~ing of telogrsau be sccoapnnled by the introduction of the
most advanced and siwpleat sethods of accounting sod control. Technologi-
cally the proceaaing of telegrams oust guarantee th~+ posalbility of a
rapid rise in the productivity of labor. The conference discussed many of
the problems dealing with eimplificatlon of documentation and adopted suit-
able recowwendstions, Unquestionably of interest !a the introduction of a
single control form in automatized comunications and the simplified method
used at the Minsk telegraph center in affixing the tape to the form,
Previously, before tt-e introduction of the aingle control form, it was
necessary, according to the category of the received telegram, to fasten
the typo to different forms or to affix labels of different colors. This
callod for a conaSant supply of labels and adhesive at the work positions,
IYith the introduction of a single form the proceaaing of telegrams in auto-
watlzod communications is considerably simplified -- the category of the
roctlived telegram is indicated on the odQe of the form by a notch made
with a apeclal punch, Instead of making detailed entries in the equipment
logs, the tolograptt operator now simply enters therein the hourly totals
(that is, the num5or of telegrams transmitted during tt:e hour olapned)
and the total number of tolograma transmitted since the beginning of the
2A-hour period,
Tito contero~+e criticieod the existing method of auxllint?y instruction
1n maintaining automatized communioationa. This instruction has boon changed
Sn sectlona ao that the attention of the telegraph operator is callod pri-
marily to the quality of telegraph reception, I1 the high quality of tele-
gram reception is insured, thou wltlt the equipment in good working order
high-qunllty tranamisalon will also be insured,
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In the short Lisle at its disposal the conference could not, o! course,
develop exhaustive recommendations !or simpliilcation of operation. Hence-
it is necessary that telegraph communications workers, is critically apprais-
ing existing rthods of operation, relentlessly continue to seek new end
effective solutions in the field of simplification of the structure of
accounting sad control, and in the mechanization of individual production .
processes and operations.
At the conclusion of the conference I. V. Rlokov, speaking for the
Minister of Communications USSR, delivered an address. He pointed out that
the rate of iat-oducticn of autocratic operation at telegraph enterprises
is inadequate. _~ sharp improvement in the quality of telegraph communications
calls for enormous work in increasing the number of direct links and more
rapid introduction of facilities for automatization. The telegraph centers
possess many reserves which must be sully utilized in the near future. Far
example, for every two telegraph operators ws must have one auxiliary
worker. Mheace it follows that many unnecessary auxiliary operations
era periorsMd at telegraph centers while those operations which are actu-
ally necessary are perforsrd by hand without the use of facilitisa for
automatisation amd mechanization. Comrade Rlokov called upon the workers
of telegraph communications, the innovators, ^nd rationalizers to analyze
carefully the production activity of the eatarpril~s, to display more
1nitlative in exposing and utilizing internal reserves, and to strive
for the utmost improvement of apparatus and equipment.
The communications workers of Belorussia, said Comrade Rlokov, are
confronted with the teak of completing the automatization of telegraph
communications within their republic during 1956. There ie every possi-
bility for the achievewnt o! this. task. The Ministry of Communications
will provide the necessary aaaiatance.?The communications of other
republics suet give serious attention to the problems of further intro-
duction of autou tic control, keeping in mind the necessity for the coat
rapid transition from the automatization of individual production processes
to the automatization and mechanization of all the basic processes in the
handling of telegrams.
The conferees took as active part in the work of the sections. The
section meetings discussed the technical end operational servicing of
telegraph communications and prepared concrete reCOSttseadations to iacili-?
fate the further development and improvement in autometiaing the trana-
ceiving of telegrams.
The Ministry of Communications has issued an instruction listing
measures for realization of the r~commendationa adopted by the conference.
The Main Administration of Telegraph and Telephone Communications must
assist the telegraph centers 1n further development of automatization
and mechanization of production processes, in generalizing, selecting,
and disseminating all that is valuable, advanced, and progressive, and
in the maximum utilization of production reserves.
Telegraph enterprises, the Central Scientific Research Institute
of Communications, the union and republic ministries of communications
arA confronted with great and impo:?tant teaks in the improvement and
introduction of automatized methods ~f processing telegrams with push-
button and code switching, in the transition to complex automatization
and mechanization of production processes, in further expanding the net-
work of subscriber telegraph, and in the development and improvement
oP phototelegraphic methods of handling tel.egrama. These problems will
bo successfully solved ii the hundreds of innovators, apecialiats, and
workers of scientific research institutes end industry will but apply
themcelvea.
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