CLAY- AND LIME BRICK INDUSTRY, 1950-1955

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00280R000100140029-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 29
• Publication Date: October 11, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/04/06 :CIA-RDP81-002808000100140029-8 c,NGC1AL COr. i HUL3.IF ~4NY ',
? fNFORMATION REPORT
PREPARED AND DISSEMIfJATED BY
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Clay- And Lime Brick Industry, 1950-1955
TLL mal~rSa1 canlafn~ Wormatfoa al:~etla~ lltr
tfatlonal IS~tonso o! mtr IIn11~d Swlo~ wIILL mo
moanlnp o! tL~ Lpbaapo Lawn. TItL. 1/. II.f.C.
Sea. 117 and 711. Ih? IransmLaloa ur r~~~lariera
o! wLlcb Ia ant maaatrr to an unauiLortarad ~F
oAic ois-ele~rco 50X1-HUM
no. or vacs I no. or r..cu.
-50X1-HUM
2. Brick factories in Rstonia are said to be subordinated to six different central
organizations. Cf these organizations the folloti:~ four can be identified:
Tho Ministry of Building hlaterialsl Industry; the Ministry of Lcrw:-Qil Shale-
and Chemical Industry; the Estonian Republic League of Consumers Co-o eI7itive+l
and the RepubLc Council of Industrial Co-operation.
it is not Possible to ident2fy the rema{nom two organizations. IT1 view of the
fact that the tlu?ee largest o# Estonials brick factories are subordinated to
the ESSP. Ministry of Building Materials, it seem3 fair to state that none of the
brick factories is subordinated ~.irectly to the respective all-IInion ministry.
This is in contrast to the practice in some other branches of Estonian indiiatry
where several largest plants are under tha direct juri:,diction of Hoscov, and
not through the respective ESSR ministries.
It is obvious that the largest brick factories are subordinated directly to the
ESSR Ministry of Building Materials. Of these only sir, can be identified with
certainty. Drick factories of the Ministry of Local- Oil Shale- and Chemical
Industry are attached to the local industrial combines of the town and district
(rayon) soviets. They are subordinated to the I~ii.nistry through these local
soviets. Factories of the Estonian Republic League of Consumer Co-operatives
are attached to the industrial coabines of district leagues of consuaer co-
oparatives and are subordinated to the central leaSue through these local organ-
izations. Since it has not been possible to establish the existence of local
associations of industrial co-operatives Cartels), it is probable that the
factories of this group are subordinated directly to the Republic Council of
Industrial Co-operation.
Production .(~'rewsrl
No reasonably axact statistics about the Estonian brick industry are available
concerning the 1939 output. Production of brick, in factories with 20 uorkera ~
DISTRISVTIJti'
~- ..J
,V\?? ' I \A\, I ~ A11
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and more wan, accsoz~dfng to "Trataeteoa Fsesti" br K ~FA/U~ Lino sad t
Oinks, 1,3,4$5,000 In 1937. The total output of clay bricks is giran as 50X1-H U M
.::. 4 w i tl i.eu ~...
10 million bricxa. 50X1-H U M
5, llthough the above information indicates a total of 21.5-26.5 ei1111on briaks~ ?
it is to bo asauasd that with the starting o.f relatively large brick taator3M ?? ?
in Tallinn and Parnu, a number of small iaetoriea in the Tallinn sad Palau dis-? ~':?;
tracts wore closed, as had bean closed a large number of shall kilns in Batonls ' .'+^
already before. Therefore, the total output of c1a1Y bricks, in 1939, is irot7 -
roughly estimated horn at about 16-20 million bricks.
50X1-HUM
6. Tho lime brick output of the "Silikaat" works is given by the "Teatmeteos
Eesti" as two -Sour million, the output of oil shale ash bricks of the Baltic
Cotton 4lorks in Tallinn as 3.5 million yearly.
a third lime brick taatory later probably
"Rvprts") started operations shortly before the war. Its output in 1939 oaa
:. ~?, ? ? ' _ . ~ ? '' - .. -,'.:1 i on br ~ c': ~ . The total output of bricks on lice
(or oz?1 ;,halo ash) basis can be estimated, thus, at about six -nine milli OX1-H U M
bricks in 1939.
7. The total prewar brick output (clay and lime) can be estimated at 22-29 ai1-
lion in 1939. In 1940, the output might have been conaiderab]y higher.
Production Postwar
8, Tables 1, 2, and 3
50X1-HUM
9. Although it is said) (that "In our republic nearly
40 entorpr.`.ses subordinated to six different central organiaatioas naaufaature
bricks", +.ho three tables list a total of 53 working brick tactoriea. This
discrepancy is obviously duo to the fact that the above information seam not
to be concerned with very small kilns belonging to kolkhozes Qnd ao~khoses,
and used by these predominantly for covering their oua needs.
10, Tables 1 and 2 list a total of 36 working brick factories. This Sigure ie not
in contrast to the "near]y 40" factories indicated Sn the above information.
19 district industrial combines have started with (seasonal) brick production,
whereas table crkins district combines. Oa the other hand
it is reported that on],y in five district industrial co~mbinea50X1-H U M
fhb production exec ono on bricks, whereas table 2 lists se~ea such
brick factories with production of over one million. On hand of available
scarcer and so~otines obviously faulty information in regard to these shall Sho-
tories, it is not possible to locate the cause of these discrepancies. In view
of the fact that the missing two district industrial combines might probably
11. Coatrrsy to the factories listed in the table 1 which, with the e=ception cf 50X1-H U M
only a few, are uorkins around the year, the shall factories listed in table 2
arc ail uorki.ng seasonally. The establishing of their output with sufficient
individual exactness is, thereSore, d~fficult. However, it is to be exp~c*.ed
that in view of a fairly l.srge number of factories in table 2, aistaL?e: caused
by wrong estimsticn of weather conditions, etc, will counterbalance each other
to a :urge extent.
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12. After 1952, information about kolkhoz and oovkhoz brick ~'-n* hat all but dis-
appeared from the neuo. Thoreforo, tho 1,650,000 bricks shown in table y t~.r:
to represent more the capacity of the kilns known is agriculture which have bean
operated in the postwar period Lhan the actual output in 1955 on trio basis of
information for that year. However, in visa of the efforts of the last two
years to arrange for housing of cattle and hogs in kolkhoses sad euvkhosea, .
and in view of continuing scarcity of bricks in Estonia (becauue of largo ~'itp-
menta to the Soviet IInioa and elsewhere), it cannot be aaauaed that rho produ'~-
tion in these k'i].as has eea8ed. Hors probably the news about the kolkhos and ^orkhoa
very Baited brick manufacturing have been crowded out b; news and sore '_mpo~rtaat
propaganda about other tasks of agriculture.
to bc, according to tables 1 and 2, about 196,800,OOa-198,100,000 (taking into
account the adJustment for table 2 indicated under paragraph 10). This corres-
ponds approximntelvy with tae statement that "the workers of the building material
industry (chat is probably meant era the corkers of enterprises of the Ministry
of Building Material, Luiustry), of the local-oil shale- and chemical industry
(again probably the respective ministry), and of the industrial co-operatio50X1-H U M
have to increase the production of bricks in 1955 up to 190 million brick
It will be, perhaps, of seas interest to note trBt since 1951,
wion some o s of the brick output of the enterprises of the Ministry of Build-
ing Materialo Industry were pioen, this is the nnly case i.n tour years ubaa a
prospective total -- and an ::uviously correct total - of brick production in
Estonia has boon revealed.
14. As to the sixth Five ~fcarplan, it is in.ticated that no new 50X1-HUM
brick factories will oo erected outside t}:ose in the competenc~s of the Ministry
of Building Materials Industry. "Putting into operation the big capacity brick
factories in Tallinn and *+niku of the ESSR Mitdatry of Building Materials
Industry, and increasing the output capacity of other factories of the miaiatr;,
will assure during the next years in our republic the basic increase in the pro-
duction of bricks." Tho combined prospective out ut of the new factories in
construction in Tallinn and Manniku (near Tallinn being about 66 - $~ million,
the production of bricks might reach, in one -three year3, up to 300 ~illton. ~,
Considering tiro building cctivitics i:a Estonia in 1953 and 1954, and the sot
yet calculated information about construction in 1955, a rough estimation indi-
cates that of 195 - 197 million bricks which will. be produced in Estonia in 1955,
a'..out 165 - 170 mi111on bricks will bo taken out of the country.
17. IL is roport~3 that in 1954 the output of bricks was 2.1 times nigher than the
output in 19$0 (S~ (Sovetskaya E.~toniya) 11 Jun 55), and that in 1955 the
local industrial combines will produce six million bricks more than in 1954
If both these st~tte.~ents are correct, respective calculations
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(x) Factories marked with (l~MI) have been positively indicated in information
sources as being under direct Jurisdiction of the Min.'.stry of Building
Materials Industry. Other factories listed above have been in no case
indicated as being subordinated to any other central organization.
(~) Prospective outputs.
(xxx)In 1953, it is said that tho Tallinn brick factory will be reconstructed
in this year and will produce aj'ter that 17 million bricks yearly (RT 10 Jun 53)?
However, no confirmation about reconstruction has been forthcoming, and the
construction of the new Tallinn factory is very slow. Nor is there atop
information about production after that date. Therefore, the prewar output
lovcl hay been assumed as being the actual output throughout the years
1951-1955.
(d) No sufficient information available. The output has to be considered as
being in dispute.
 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b.
7.
8.
c,
10.
11.
12.
3,3.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
_5..
G-O-Ii-F-I-~F-H-T-I-1-L
dame of tho ent~*s~riae
Industrial Combine of the Kuresaare district
Industrial co-operative Tormn
Industrial Combine of the Jogeva district
" n n n Vandra
n n n n Tartu "
Industrial co-operative Polula
Industrial Combine of the ICose district
"
"
n
"
n
"
n
Torva "
Otopaa
n
n
n
n
garju "
n
n
n
n
~.1 amen n
n
"
n
n
V~lands "
1Carkai Brick Factory
Hassu Brick Factors
Industrial Combino of the Hiiumsa district
xiidjarve Brick Factory
Huatvee Brick Factory
Industrial co-operative Uhintoo, Antsla
Industrial Combine of the Tapa di.atrici.
n n 11 n Polva r
Output, in 1955, of brick factories belonging to the industrial
co~sbines of Councils of Toilers Delegates, and to the industrial
and consumer co-operation eyst?dat.
n n n II
n n 11 n
n n n n
n n n n
Hnapsalu
Tura
R - Nomme
Paide
Voris "
Vastselinna district
(x) See remark in paragraph 10, pnCe 2.
1,200
500
600
1,350
600
l.00
500
S00d
coaatrnctioa
3
750
800
200
1,000
600
650
250
500d
600
1,300
3,000d
1~400d
~ - in rehabilitation
2,000
900
00d
Zx)
C-:l-Ii-F-I-I}-Fr N-T-I-d-L
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Teb1e 3, Output, in 1955, of brick kilr~ or kolkhozea and ao~khoiue.
xa~sa of th? kolkbos or ao-khoz OutUUt i
n
1.000 b
1.
Malet-a and IIhlae Tahe kolkhos
(intat~kol3chos kiln)
100
2.
Sungari kolkhoz
120
3.
]Coaaoaol and Yoit, Paide diatrtot
(inter-kolkhoz ki].a)
50
l,.
Jurioo kolkhoz
5L
5.
Brick Factorp Knleripoeg
(inter-kolkho: kiln of four kolkhozea)
160
6.
Yarela kolkhoap bureaaare di.3trict
50
7.
Rahu Tee kolkhoz
44
8.
Kuldvihk $ol~hoz,, Raping district
100
9.
IIhistoo kolkhoa, Rspln district
100
10.
Y BingiBaepa kolkhoa, Kivioli district
50
11.
Tema kolkhoz, Viljnndi district
200
12.
Stal{n; kolkhoz, b - Hoazne district
150
13.
Y Kingisaepa kolkhoz, Ralcvere district
30
14.
Uuana Dovlcboz
80
15.
Juuni Voit, Rapine district
100
16.
Y Kinglasepa kolkhoz, QriDaaare district
70
17.
Tulavik, Harju district
200
Total
1,650
(:_(LN_R_T_TLF 14-T-I-A-L
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