CZECHOSLOVAK CORN PRODUCTION MACHINERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00280R000200210017-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: November 27, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/04/11: CIA-RDP81-00280R000200210017-5
(Comment: This report presents extracts from an-article by Engi-
neer Karel Mikes of the Research Institute for Mechanization of Agri-
culturG' of the Czechoslovak Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Repy,
published in Zemedelec,, supplement to the 18 January 1956 issue of
Zemedelske Noviny Agricultural News), a publication of the Yinistry
of Agriculture and the Forest Economy in Prate.]
Successful corn-production is based on thorough soil preparation and tillage
in the fall, including deep-plowing to a depth of at least 30 centimeters. For
this type of plowing Czechoslovakia uses older types of plows, such as the Mars-
US-432 and the P-5-35, or the more recent P3-30P, all of which are drawn up by
-the DT-54 or the KD-35 crawler tractors and, in very heavy soils, by the 5-80.
This type of machinery is readily available in all the normal beet-growing areas
of Czechoslovakia.
In the spring,. tillage begins with leveling or dragging the soil. Usually
the Hrouda 6-meter drag or the newer and heavier TS-5 drag is used. Both of
these machines have been used in combination (aggregat) with harrows and $rawn
by the KD-35 or the T-54 crawler tractors. The crawler tractor has proved
more efficient for this operation than the wheeled type.
Just before the corn planting,, the soil is stirred and fluffed to a depth
of ID centimeters. In light soils, heavy harrows are used for this purpose,
whilekn heavy soils.: field cultivators with spearhead shovels are used. Both
the KN-170 culti,ra"or drawn by a Zetor-25 tractor and the tractor-drawn univer-
sal KUZ-2.8 cultivator are currently in use. A spring-.ooth field cultivator
to be drawn by the Z--tor-35 tractor is in production. tither the KUZ-2.8 cul-
tivator or the Fri-41 hiller is used for marking rows prior to planting.
Corn is planted with regular seeding machines [grain drills?] to which
"Vaguer boots," developed by Engineer Vagner, are attached. The adaptation is
made locally-
When the corn ia*~-10 centimeters tall, cultivation with the KPN-7 culti-
vator, set for 70-centimeter rows and drawn by the Zetor 25-K, a cultivator
tractor, begins. The Research Institute for Mechanization of Agriculture is
currently developing an adjustable frame for the cultivator which would per-
mit the cultivator shovels to be moved to varying widths (up to 50 centimeters),
thus leaving a 10?-ceutimeter protective strip on each side of the plants. This
cultivator is equipped with three soil-working members: one spearhead shovel
in the front center and two slanted blades slightly to the rear and to the sides.
Another cultivator used in Czechoslovakia is the tractor-mounted KON-2.8.
At present;. the Zetor-18 cultivator tractor which will have the soil-work-
ing members between the wheels of the tractor, permitting the operator to con-
trol the work more easily, is in the planning stage.
In 1957, the "Letohrad," national enterprise, will manufacture the MTZ-8
six-row, tractor-drawn, liquid-manure distributor, which will simultaneously
cultivate the crop.. This machine will be equipped with an automatic regulator
to control the amount of manure to be applied to each hectare, and the operator
will be able to regulate the depth of the application.. In localities where
these new liquid-manure distributors do not become available, the MTS will con-
tinue to make their own attachments until they are received. In some cases
the MTS have equipped cultivators with an 8- to 10-hectoliter tank from which
two rubber hoses carry the liquid to six distributing points. In making these
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adaptations on the KPA-7 tractor-mounted cultivator, the MTS used two tanks,
one above each tractor wheel, with rubber hoses carrying the liquid to spouts
located just behind the cultivator's soil-working members.
The S-6 grain combine, with local adaptations, has been used for harvest-
ing fully ripened corn.
The Soviet ?U-2 corn bs.rvester, which picks two rows at a time, cuts and
chops the fodder, huaks the ears, and can harvest 0.80 hectare per hour, is
being tested in Czechoslorakia.
The "Agroatroj" [agricultural aachinery] Plant in Pelhrimcc is to menu-
facture 200 Model SRZ corn combines in time for the 1956 silage corn harvest.
This combine will cut anly one row at a time, ,~may be drawn by either the Zetor-25
or the S-30 tractor,"and will harvest 60 to 80 metric quintals of silage per
hour on an area of 0.2-0.3 hectare of land.