STANDARD SOURCELINES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 12, 2013
• Sequence Number: 24
• Publication Date: August 22, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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)sQ
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STANDARD SOURCELINES
22 August 1961
Laws pertaining to copyright and tele-
communications require that this publi-
cation be classified Zgr
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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CONTENTS
A. GENERAL
B. OFFICIAL BROADCASTS
1. General
2. Voicecasts for for
3. Voicecasts for vs
4. Exceptional sourc
5. Telecasts for for
6. Telecasts on intern
7.
8.
9.
10.
A-1 and A.,!2
B-1
ign audien s B-2
ue1ydefind foreign audiences 8-3
lines for/international voicecasts 8-4.
ign audlincee B-5
anal networks B-6
B-7
services B-8
audiences 8-9
8-10
Voicecasts for domestic audiences
Exceptional sourcelines for domestic
Press agency voicecasts for domestic
Telecasts for domestic audiences
C. SEWIOFFICIAL AND PRIVATE BROADCASTS
1. General C-1
2. Directed voicecasts C-2
3. "Clandestine" voicecasts ?c.g
4. EXcefotional eourcelines for semiofficial broadcasts C-4
5. Vcicecasts and telecasts on private networks C-5
D. PRESSCASTS
1. General D-1
2. Interagency transmissions D-2
3. Correspondents' Dispatches D-3
4. Clandestine presscasts 110,-4
E. BRIEF SOURCELINIES Ema
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A. gag=
a. Sourcelines identify the broadcasts and presecasts from which
monitored material is taken. To make editorial copy more meaningful to
readers, sourcelines should answer three questions:
lamwas_reenonsOle atatementm mule j az broadcast
21: miscast? (Sourcelines answer this implicitly, by naming
the city of origin, and/Or explicitly, by naming the broad-
caster or press agency.)
=whom was Ibliproadqlet InesepW 10,134ed? (Source-
lines answer this by stating which language was used and,
often, by indicating the target area or recipients.)
On= mapmerita transmitted? (See paragraphs dtiand e.)
b. To assist the reader further, sourcelines distinguish telecasts
from voicecastet presscasts from broadcasts, clandestine services from
regular enek, correspondents dispatches from regular presscasts, and
private network broadcasts from private local broadcasts.
c. FBIS monitors the output of many broadcasters and press agencies,
each of which organizes its transmissions in a different way. The monitor-
ing operation itself is widespread. These diversities tend to cause differ-
ences between sourcelines which should be similar.
To avoid such differences and to insure that each sourceline
contains just those elements which enhance the: underatanding of the
material by the reader, FBIS has set up standardized procedures for
sourceline formulation. These procedures are outlined in the pages which
follow.
d. Each sourceline includes a time, date, and bureau indicator in
addition to the elements shown herein. The example:
London General Overseas Service in English
is understood fo stand for:
London General Overseas Service in English 0000 GMT 6 June l964 -.E
or a similar sourceline in actual copy.
e. The time shown for broadcasts is the nominal starting time of the
program containing the material. For presscaets the time shown is approx..
imately that at which the item was actually transmitted. Substitution of
"0001 GMT" when "0000 GMT" is intended is not authorized.
It is essential that the date reflect Greenwich reckoning instead
of that of the monitoring bureau.
(continued) A-1
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A. pENERAL (continued)'
f. The city at the beginning of sourcelines is the nominal regular
origination pointoof the broadcast or presscast. (For broadcasts this is
the studio location.) The origination point may be a long distance from
the site of the transmitter actually monitored.
When necessary for clarity, the name of the city may be followed
by the name of the country, colony, or region in which it is located.
Examples:
Tumbes Peru Domestic Service in Spanish
Petropavlovsk Kazakhstan Domestic Service in Russian
Santiago Chile Radio Corporacion Network in Spanish
Jerusalem Israel Domestic Service in English
g. Each sourceline has an alternate form for use in editorial briefs.
Brief forms are described in part E.
h. Sourceline spelling, punctuation and capitalization rules derive
from Editorial Branch style.
i. Field editors are encouraged to include additional information
about the broadcast or presscast in subsourcelines when such explanations
enhance understanding of the monitored material.
j. Sourceline formulation problems not covered in this manual should
be brought to the attention of the Field Operations. Staff.
A-2
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B. gEELIAL BROADCASTS
1. Genera
a. Official broadcasts are those voice or television services which
have program production under the acknowledged control of one of the
following:
--the chief broadcasting component of a government;
--a quasigovernmental or semigovernmental corporation or institute;
--a governmental press agency.
(In all cases the ownership of the transmitters used is irrelevant.) Offi-
cial broadcasts may be presumed to be in harmony with the basic policiesoof
the government as a whole. Not all governmental broadcasts are official:
the exceptions are considered in part C.
b. Certain private stations (particularly in Latin America) devote
part of their broadcast time (regularly or in emergencies) to the trans-
mission of official programs. At such times the stations lose their
private character and the aourcelines are changed accordingly.
c. Sourcelines for official broadcasts distinguish between:
--services for domestic audienees and those for foreign audiences
(a program for both generally is considered to be a domestic service);
--services controlled by press agencies and those controlled by
other official broadcasters;
radio programs and television programs.
On the other hand, sourcelines make no distinction between fre-
quency modulation and amplitude modulation broadcasts.
B-1
^T., h.! A V IMP, lft "tar? gar
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B. =di& DRons,wp
2. yoleeneja fax, =sign audtences
a. Official broadcasts for listeners outside the country of origin
as a rule take sourcelines in the form:
in to
Studio Language Target
Examples:
Moscow in Swahili to East Africa
Peking in Burmese to Burma
Paris in French to Indochina
Hilversum in Dutch to the Netherlands West Indies
Tokyo in Japanese to Australia and New Zealand
Cairo in French to Europe
b. Targets should be chosen so as to reflect best the broadcaster's
probable intent. A distinction should be made between the physical beaming
of a transmission (determined by the availability of antennas) and the
target (where the intended listeners live). For many broadcasts these are
not the same. For example, a transmission for Europe in several languages
may include a period in Spanish. The sourceline should read ",..in Spanish
to Spain" not ft...in Spanish to &rope". Similarly, a sourceline should
read "in Burmese to Burma" not "in Burmese to Southeast Asia". Generally,
when two interpretations of the target area, one broad and one narrow, are
available, the narrow one will be used.
c. On the other hand, it to correct for sourcelines to read "...in
French to Europe", "...in English to Africa", "...in Cantonese to South-
east Asia", "...in Armenian to &rope", etc., when a language is widely
spoken, or when a station is broadcasting to compatriots abroad.
d. Sourcelines for programs broadcast simultaneously to two separate
targets (e.g., the United Kingdom and North America) should reflect bothoef
them. When an enumeration of targets would make a sourceline too complicated,
the targets may be abbreviated or recourse may be made to the procedure
detailed in section 3 of this part.
e. The target may be either a political or a geographical area, which-
ever is appropriate.
f. The designation of a country, rather then one of its regions, as a
target for international broadcasts is preferable (e.g., "...in Slovak to
Czechoslovakia" instead of "...in Slovak to Slovakia".)
g. The beaming of a program may serve as a guide to the intended target
in the absence of other information.
B-2
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B. fajalgjas =DMZ
3. iroicecasts vaguelv define4, tgrelgn audit:Res
a. Alternate sourceline forms are available for instances in which it
is not practical or not desirable to designate a specific target area:
International Service in
Studio Language
Overseas Service in
Studio Language
General Overseas Service in
Studio Language
External Service in
Studio Language
Examples:
London General Overseas Service in English
Melbourne Overseas Service in English
Bern Overseas Service in Portuguese
Cologne International Service in German
Lisbon Overseas Service in Portuguese
Ankara External Service in Turkish
Djakarta Overseas Service in English
b. These forms may be used when the specific target is not known,
when a program is broadcast simultaneously to several broadly separated
areas, when a program ie diffused vaguely to any interested listeners
abroad, or when a broadcaster is known to repeat programming in successive
transmissions to several target areas.
e. The choice of International, Overseas, General Overseas, or
External Service designations will depend on the broadcaster's own usage.
In the absence of such an announcement, International Service will be used
in the sourceline.
d. Use of European Service, Latin American Service, and similar area
designation,- in sourcelines to not authorised.
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4. EXceptional sourcelines Ism ig:ternationek voicecants
,a. Programs which originate in one country but are broadcast only
on transmitters in a second country are given sourcelines in the form:
via in to
Studio Retransmission studio Language Target
Examples:
Moscow via Bratislava in Slovak to Czechoslovakia
Peking vie Moscow in Russian to the USSR
b. Sourcelines for official voiceeasts controlled by press agencies
and intended for foreign audiences are in the forms:
Voicecast
Studio AGENCY Language Target
Dictation in to
Studio AGENCY Language Target
Example:
Peking CHINA PRESS AGENCY Dictation in Mandarin to Overseas Chinese
c. Dictation need programs controlled by regular broadcasters and:
intended for foreign audiences take sourcelines in the form:
Dictation in to
Language Target
EXample;
Karachi Dictation in English to the Neer and Middle East
B-4
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B. OFFICIAL BROADCAST
5. Twlecapts far again juidiences
Official television broadcasts transmitted directly across en inter-
national boundary without relays in the target country are given source-
linos in the fore:
Television in to
Studio Language Target
Examples:
Tallinn Television in Finnish to Finland
Bratislava Television in German to Austria
B-5
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B. OUNIAL BROADOSTS
6. Telecass on international networks
Certain television programs in Europe and North America are trans-
mitted over international networks. In many cases the version given in
a particular countrymmay comprise two separate broadcasts: a video
component controlled by ono broadcaster and an audio component controlled
by another. Whenever a telecast originating in one country is monitored
from a station in a second country it is necessary that sourcelines
specify the network from which coverage was actually taken.
At this stage in the development of television it is not possible to
lay down aageneral rule for this situation, but the following will take
care of current coverage possibilities.
fgr international network telecaSts oriainating j1 Rapt X4rone
Intervision via in
Language
Stud
Examples:
See Examples
Moscow Intervision via Czechoslovak Network in Czech and Slovak
Moscow Intervision via Slovak Network in Slovak
Warsaw Intervision via East German Network in German
Budapest Intervieion via West German Network in German
Prague Intervia ion via BBC Network in English
East Berlin Intervision via British ITA Network in English
Helsinki Intervision via Hungarian Network in Hungarian
foz international petwork telecapIa inizinatine In, Ilal Europe
Euroviaion via in
Studio See Examples Language
Examples:
Vatican City Eurovision via West German Network in German
Paris Eurovision via Austrian Network in German
Brussels Eurovision via BBC NetwOrk in English
Copenhagen Eurovision via British ITA Network in English
Rome Etrovision via Czechoslovak Network in Czech
Monte Carlo Eurovis ion via Diet German Network in German
Helsinki Eurovision via French Network in French
B-6
nrpTnTAT. T1RR mix
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H. OFFICIAL BRQADCASTS
7. Voicecasts far clomestts audiences
a. Domestic services are official broadcasts intended for audiences
within the country or colony in which they originate. As a rule source-
lines for domestic services are in the form:
Domestic Service in
41.?
Studio Language
Examples:
Paris Domestic Service in French
Shanghai Domestic Service in Mandarin
Sofia Domestic Service in Turkish
b. Frequency modulation services take the same sourcelines as
equivalent amplitude modulation services. '
c. Domestic services which are transmitted also to audiences abroad
will as a rule take domestic service eourcelines.
d. Domestic services include:
--home services (official broadcasts originating in the chief
broadcasting city using amsajor national language and intended for an
entire country or colony);
--regional services (official broadcasts serving a part of a
country);
--minority services (official broadcasts serving an ethnic
minority usually with a minority language), and
--miscellaneous services (such as national programs originating
elsewhere than the chief broadcasting city).
(The chief broadcasting city is usually the capital, but there
are exceptions ouch as New York, Montreal, Johannesburg, Hilversum, Cologne,
and Melbourne.)
B-7
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B. guragi mama
S. Suitattgal sourlelhei,far, dopetic seraceS
a. A special procedure is required to distinguish the Moscow oblast
regional service from the Moscow home or Soviet Asian services. To the
regular sourceline:
Moscow roomette Service in Russian
add the subsoarceline:
(Oblast Service)
b. An exceptional sourcelin, is used for ITeutschlandsender14
broadcasts:
East Berlin Deutschlandeenior in German to Germany
8-8
' nrrynTAY. 11Q10 AMTV
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B. PFFICIALDRO.ADCASTS
9. 2:teas agepav =cum= faz domestic sAdlences
Sourcelines for voicecasts controlled by official press agencies and
intended for domestic audiences take logographs in the forms:
Domestic Service in
Studio AGENCY Language
Domestic Service Dictation in
Studio AGENCY Language
rxamples:
Moscow TAW Domestic Service Dictation in Russian
Peking NCNA Domestic Service Dictation in Mandarin
Warsaw PAP Domestic Service in Polish
Hanoi VNA Domestic Service Dictation in Vietnamese
Brasilia AGENCIA NACIONAL Domestic Service in Portuguese
B-9
.0..a....amo aft mie ? mr- *waft.. 101.41....
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B. QUI= BROADCASTS
10. T4ecasts fggAzgat1ams11,9=
Official domestic television services take sourcelines in the form:
Domestic Television Service in
Studio Langugge
Examples:
Hamburg Domestic Television Service in German
East Berlin Domestic Television Service in German
Tokyo Domestic Television Service in Japanese
Note that the studio city reflects the origination point of the
program instead of the location of the transmitter from which it was
monitored.
B-10
TntAT Trot, MITI?
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C. fingzEzwialipEaranimazisua
1. fteral
a. This category embraces all those voice and television programs
controlled by organisations which cannot be said to represent openly the
policy of a government as a whole.
b. Semiofficial broadcasts include those controlled by governmental
factions or components not specializing in broadcasting or news dissemi?
nation (army, police, Ministry of Education, etc.) and those the control
of which in not acknowledged by the government.
c. Private broadcasts are those ostensibly controlled by commercial,
religious, educational, or philanthropic organizations or by dissident or
rebellious groups.
d. Sourcelines for both semiofficial and private broadcasts are
generally in the form:
in
Studio Broadcaster ',Magnal.
Examples:
Rio de Janeiro Ministerio de Educacao in Portuguese
Bangkok Military Intelligence Station in That
Taipei Voice of Air Force in Mandarin (for broadcasts to Taiwan)
Manila Voice of National Defense in English
Tokyo Asahi Radio in Japanese
Caraeaa Ondas Populares in Spanish
Iquique Chile Radio Esmeralda in Spanish
e. The name of the broadcaster may be abbreviated to its essential
elements if it is too long. It may be translated into English if it is
not easily recognizable by English-speaking readers. (Sluglines in
prarnm Schedules gtZgEdgaproadoetetinggattjana take these factors into
account and may be used in the absence of other authority.
f. Broadcasters are the entities which (nominally or in reality)
have day -to-ddy responsibility for the implementation of program policy.
Commonly (but not necessarily) a broadcaster in associated with a parti?,
cular group of transmitters and is identified by the announced station
name. Some transmitters, however, are used for the programs of more than
one broadcaster, particularly when involved in relay or network operations.
It is necessary that sourcelines designate the broadcaster responsible for
the program in question.
g. A broadcasting organization may have studios in several cities.
Each is regarded as a separate broadcaster when it originates programs.
C-1
Www.morrm. seoftw ?????????
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C. zszooFFIcuit Amu mum=
2. Pirectpt voice4asts
a. Semiofficial and private broadcasters usually transmit to any
interested listeners within range and no target can or should be ascribed'
to their regular progress. When they depart from this routine, however,
and address special programs to an area different from their normal service
ares (in particular, a specific foreign target or a remote troublesome
province), it say be necessary to state the target in the sot:main* in
order to insure complete understanding of the item.
b. In some countries the official broadcaster sets up a special
program for foreign listeners which states property its point of origin
but announces as if it were a separate broadcaster. Usually this id done
to disclaim responsibility for program material. For such programs, which
aro treated as semiofficial broadcasts, **amain** should state target
areas.
c. Sourcelines for directed voictcasts from semiofficial and private
broadcasters are in the form:
in to
Studio Broadcaster Language Target
Examples:
New York World Wide Broadcasting System in Spanish to Cuba
Caracas Radio Rumbas in Spanish to Cuba
Quito Ves de los Andes in Russian to the USSR
Cairo Voice of the Arabs in Arabic to the Arab World
Cairo Voice of Africa in Haase to West Africa
Best Berlin Radio Peyh-e Iran in Persian to Iran
Taipei Voice of Air Force in Mandarin to China Mainland
Swan Island Radio Swan in Cantonese to Cuba
C-2
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C. DINIOFFICIALAuzaravugUagn
3. "Clandestine' voicaeastis
a. Most of the so-called clandestine broadcasts are actually inter-
national services which do not announce their true operating locations.
In many cases their locations ars obvious. Besides evading responsibility
for program content such a broadeaster is able to enhance the prestige of
syspathstic dissident or rebellious groups in the target country.
The true clandestine station--a fugitive operation in the terri-
toty of a hostile government- -is extremely rare and shortlived?
b. Sourcelines for clandestine stations are in the form:
(Clandestine) in to
Broadcaster Language Target
Exesples:
Oggi in Italia (Clandestine) in Italian to Italy
Radio Espana In4epondiente (Clandestine) in Spanish to Spain
Our Radio (Clandestine) in Turkish to Turkey
Radio Patbet Lao (Clandestine) in Lao to Loos
Vos de is Libortad (Clandestine) in Spanish to the Dominican Republic
c. The name of the broadcaster may be given in English or in the
original language, although the latter is preferable when precilieal. The
name may be abbreviated but should include some of the wording of the
announcement or its translation.
d. Newspapers sometimes print distorted versions of the names of
clandestine broadcasters. Thom versions may gain wide current,' but
should be avoided in the formulation of sourcolines.
e. When it is not possible to give the name of the broadcaster,
substitute a description of the dditorial line (Anti-Khrushcbev, Pro-
Tibetan, ote.0
C-3
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0. PlooFFIcWAUDWIZAILIWWQM2
4. MicaLtjaml, sourcpUnes tor semtoffic01 broadcasts
a. A special sourceline Ia used for broadcasts from ',Radio Volga":
Radio Volga via East Berlin in to Soviet Forces
Language
b. Special sourcelines are used for broadcasts from the "Voice of
the Soviet Homeland":
Voice of the Soviet Homeland in West Europe
Language
Voice of the Soviet Homeland in .
Mirei;
e. A special aourceline is used for broadcast) from the Chinese
People's Liberation Army Fukien Front Broadcasting Station:
Fukien Front Station in , to Quem$0
Language
h America
C-4
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C. ziagrzira& num swum
3. 'Voisecists 3 talgaalts a, private Alliggag
a. When two or more private voice or television broadcasters Join
to transmit a program simultaneously they lose their individual identities
and assume the identity of the network. The network is sonsidered to be
a separate broadcaster even when its program style, permute', and
technical facilities' are indistinguishable from those of its key station.
b. When. station changes from local to network programming, that
change is shown in sourcelines by substituting the name of the network for
that of the local broadcaster. If the name of the network doss not include
the words "Network", "Resesu", "Chain.", "Cadens", "Red", or "Circuito".
then the word "Network" is inserted after the network name.
0. Soureelines for broadcasts from private networks are in the forms:
Network in
Studio Broadcaster Language
Television Network in
Studio Broadcaster Language
inamples:
Panama City Circuit? RPC in Spanish
Bogota Caramel Network in Spanish
Havana Cadeas Oriental in Spanish
Mexico City Telesistemaidexicana Television Network In Spanish
Havana Television Revolucion Network in Spanish
d. When the individual stations separate f1'ocal programming the
network is dissolved and sourcelines revert to the ordinary form.
e. Studios listed in sourcelines show the origination points of
programs, not the location of transmitters on which they aremmonitored.
C-5
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D. PRESSOSTS
1. General
a. Material which press agencies transmit on mor00, hellschreiber
or radioteletype generally is given sourcelines in the form:
in to
City AGENCY Language Destination
Examples:
Moscow TASS in English to Europe
Brazilia AGENCIA NACIONAL in Portuguese to.Brazil
b. Recognized abbreviations may be used for the names of agencies.
c. Names of press agencies are rendered in c ital letters.
d. The term press agencies as used herein refers to news agencies,
information services, newspapers, and magazines which use radio circuits
for the transmission of editorial material,
AvvyriAt ITAR rimy
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D. PA$SSCASTS
2. Interagencilmadadm
a. Press transaiegions froa one agency to another take sourcelines
in the fora:
in to .
City AGINCY Language AOINCY City
Exasple:
Hanoi VNL in Vietnauese to NCNk Peking
b. Interagency transmissions say be inierted among it in a
regular presseast or included with other traffic in a asamencarrior
circuit. In each case each dispatch requires special attention:to
insure that its soureeline correctly reflects its origin and destination.
D-2
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D. Dp6SCASTS
3. Corresnondots, clisnatchtS\-,
a. Regular presscasts from a main or branch office of a press agency
reflect the policy-of that agency. Dispatches from a correspondent to his
agency, however, may reflect his own attitudes or local pressures upon him.
A special sourceline fort id used to identify correspondents' dispatches:
Correspondent's Dispatch in
Filing Point :
Examples:
to
Language AGENCY City
Peking Correspondent's Dispatch in Spanish to PRENSA LATINA Havana
Montevideo Correspondent's Dispatch in Russian to TASS Moscow
Taipei Correspondent's Dispatch in Japanese to NIPPON TILS Tokyo
b. Correspondents' dispatches may be inserted among items in a regular
presscast or included with other traffic in a common-carrier circuit. In
either case each dispatch requires special attention to insure that its
aourceline correctly reflects its origin and destination.
c. A dispatch may be relayed through several radio circuits and inter-
cepted on any one or them. ,The identity of the circuit itself, the location
of its transmitter, and thollocation of its contact station are of no concern
in the formulation of sourcelines. Sourcelines show the point at which the
dispatch is filed and the identity of its ultimate addressee.
d. The filing point of the dispatch need not correspond with the
dateline of the item.
e. Press material transmitted from a branch office of a press agency
to a main office or to a regional office at a higher level Is regarded as
a correspondent's dispatch since it is subject to editorial review at a
higher level.
D.3
"^"
Declassified and Approved For Release @50-Yr 2013/12/12 : CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0
Declassified and Approved For Release @50-Yr 2013/12/12 : CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0
D.
4.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
fRESSASTS
4911deg,itutPregaq000
Soureelines for clandestine preaeaeteare in the form:
(Clandestine) in to
AGENCY Language Destination
Ex/ample:
LIBERATION FUSS AGENCY (Clandestine) in Vietnamese
South Vietnam
D-4
OPrintAt USE (NEV
Declassified and Approved For Release @50-Yr 2013/12/12 : CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0
Declassified and Approved For Release @50-Yr 2013/12/12 : CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
E. AWINUOMUSE
Each soureeline has an slterkto fors which is used In oditorial
briefs. The brief fors, which ivinclosed in parentheses, is the same
as the regular form incept that prepositions and the word *Service* are
struck out.
Examples:
Melbourne Overflies Service in English
BRIEF FOHW: (Melbourne Oversees English)
Moscow in English to Eastern North America
BRIEF FORM: (Moscow English Eastern North Amsrica)
Brussels Domestic Service in French
BRIEF FORM; (Brussels Domostic French)
Peking NCNA in English to Europe
BRIEF FORM: (Peking NCNA English Europe)
Havana Correspondent's Dispstch in English to TASS Moscow
BRIEF FORK: (Havana Correspondent's Dispatch English TASS
Moscow)
Caracas Ondas Popular*. in Spanish
BRIEF FORM: (Caracas Ondas Popular*. Spanish)
Oggi in Italia (Clandestine) in Italian to Italy
BRIEF FORM: (Oggi in Italia/CAandestine/Itslian Italy)
Declassified and Approved For Release @50-Yr 2013/12/12: CIA-RDP81-00770R000100040024-0