AREA DESCRIPTION OF ZAVOD NO 2

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01028R000100140005-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2009
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: June 25, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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~' - SECURITY INFORMATION - - -
fl4T 1tOFAX 29,
COUNTRY USSR
3' E C RET
C.ENTRAL..INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
SUBJECT : Area Description of Zavod No 2
PLACE
ACQUIRED:
DATE
ACQUIRED
General
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DATE DISTR. z' JZ
NO. OF PAGES 9 I
NO. OF ENCLS. 3
(LISTED BELOW) 25X1
REPORT
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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1. Zavod -#2 is located on the east bank of the Volga River, some 14 km
north of Kuibysh.ev. Theeplant site is situated on a plateau about
150-200 m above the river, which widens at that point to Approximately
8 km. (Its breadth is increased by an island which separates the
river into two arms.) The west bank of the river, directly opposite
the plant, is quite hilly; towards the south, the hills slope down
and the river bank levels entirely, permitting a view many miles in-
land. In winter, the Volga freezes over to a thickness of 1-;1-m and
is used as the official hi;hway. the ice support the
heaviest traffic, including trucks carrying heavy cranes. The river
rises 10 m above the mean level in the siring, and the boathouse, which
is located at the end of a ravine immediately at the foot of the plant,
rises with the water level. This facjlitatp.-~ boat traffic to the
island as soon as the ice is broken.
Some sections of the groan
on which Zavod #2 has been built are of solid granite rock; others are
of calcium rock, which crumbles very easily. The area around the plant
is wooded with a variety of trees--primarily oak, maple and birch.
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OCT 1951
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Site ,
2. sketch fncloeure (A) of Zavod #2, on which the fol-
lowing are shown:
A one-story wooden building at which a guard was stationed.
It contained a weapons and uniform arsenal used to.implement
plant security.
Po, in?t ,: Machine Shop
A hall-type, one-story, brick structure. ,(it-was 6-m high
on the side walls and 12 m high.in:the center.) The
roof was supported by steel trusses whose bases were set in
cement blocks at about ten meter intervals along the length
of the hall. A monitor, about 40 m wide and 6 m high at the
crest, formed the center of the roof. The trusses were con-
nected by metal beams on which wooden boards, covered with
tar paper, were laid lengthwise on their narrow side. The
monitor had windows at its sides. From the east, two gates,
about 4 m high, led into the building. (The northern gate
was. generally kept open; it was high and wide enough to per-
mit trucks to enter.) Along the sides of the building were
high windows, evenly spaced. There were no traveling cranes
in the machine shop, but several hand-operated chain hoists
served in placing pieces of metal into proper position at
the various machine tool stands.' Three-four hundred
were employed in this shop.
Shop was equipped with the followings two-three vertical
lathes; at least three heavy lathes with a disc diameter of
1.20 m; and about four smaller lathes of 1 m disc diameter,
which were used particularly in the manufacture of compressor
casings.
Point Annex
This brick building was annexed to the Machine Shop. It was
a two-story building about 12 m high. The following were on
the first floor:
(a)
Small test stands for pampa, regulators, turbine start-
ers, and combustion chambers.
(b) Carpenter Shop
(c) Heat Treatment Shop
(d) Forge
'Until summer 1950, the Annex was used as an assembly hall;
it was then converted to its present use. No German per-
sonnel worked in the forge shop. The upper story consisted
of office rooms. The office of the Soviet Plant Manager
and Chief Engineer, Kusn_-_ itzov, was directly above the Heat.
Treatment Shop. The plant Finance Department was above the
Forge Shop.
Point Sheet Metal and Welding Shox~
A one-story. brick building, about 8 m high, with a curved,
truss roof. There were two entrances to this shop--a large
entrance gate at the middle of the west side, and another at
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the northeast corner of the building. A depository for scrap 25X1
iron was located east of the building. Tools and sheet metal
were stored and issued to the workers in the northeast corner
of the shop. The Sheet Metal and Welding Shop offices were
located in the. southeast corner of the building.
There were no traveling cranes in this shop, but, as in the
Machine Shop, several hand-operated hoists were used. Sev-
eral heavy lathes and a number of filing benches, plate
shearers, edging machines, and bending machines were also
among this shops equipment. Approximately 100 people worked
there.
Point 5 OKB Building
A two-story brick building, about 12 m high. The main en-
trance was'at the center of the north side. A guard was
posted here who checked the identification cards of those
entering the building. There were also two small entrances
in the wings of the south side. Until September 1950, test
stand personnel could enter the,southweSt portion of the'build-
.in$:tgvisit the Testing Department (Ver'such'sabteilung) with-
out.showing an identification pass. The.OBB.Building
included approximately the following:
The-southwest wings starting from the west:
(a) The Blue Print Room (Lichtpaus Zimmer)
(b) File of drawings and central register
(c) Archives (Special permission to enter the file and ar-
chives rooms had to be indicated on the bearers'
identification cards, before entry to these
rooms was permitted.)
The southwest wing, starting from the east:
(a) Large drawing room (no Germans worked here)
(b) Offices of engineers Treiber and Heber
(c) Drawing rooms of the Treiber Group[
The northeast wing, starting from the east:
(a) Office of engineer Dornhoefer
(b) Central office of engineers Treiber and Heber..
(c) An office in whic quota planning was done. 25X1
The northwest wing contained offices which ma .vs b
banged to the Madaraanski Group
The southwest wing of the upper floor:
(a) Testing Department, in which engineers Ceriattke, Bierman-n,
Kerwin, Bo ehlkep Brauer, Wagner and Pohl worked.
(b) Office of Prestelp Chief of the Testing Department
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(c) Office of the Soviet Testing Department Chief, uassov. 25X1
(Quassov was transferred to Moscow in spring 19.51 to
take refresher courses.)
(d) With the exception of the "Red Room", the remainder of
the south side was assigned to engineers who worked'on
the planning and designing of engines and engine parts.
Brandner's office was near
the center of the upper floor and the office of the
Soviet Deputy Chief, Engineer Kutcherenko, was next to
his.
(e) "Red Room" - each department had such a room in which
political assemblies were held, and in which trophies
for work performance and quota-fulfilling were stored.
The "Red Room" of the OKB Department was located on the
south side on this floor.
The entire north side of this floor was used for offices
of the Madaranski Group.
Point 6 Old Test Stands
L'ee Enclosure (BJ7
(a) Stand 1 - Compressor stand
(b) Stand 2 - Propeller stand
(c) Stand 3 - Dater brake stand
(d) Stand 4 - Propeller stand
Ls-ee Point 9 for a description of the new test stands)
Point 7 Old Fuel Tanks
This installation consisted of three tanks--two of them were
.about 2 m in diameter and 3 m long, and the other tank was
about 2 m in diameter and 6 m long. The tanks were built
into the ground and filled by trucks which came from
Krasnaya-Glinka. A circulation pump from the tanks provided
the test stands with fuel. There was never a shortage of
kerosene.
Point 8 Transformer Station
There were three transmission systems supplying power from
outside the plant. The power was probably supplied from
Kuibyshev. One system, consisting of four high-tension
lines, supplied power for plant operation. Four steel masts,
arranged in a square, were located next to the Transformer
Station. The transformers were located outside of the build-
ing, between the steel masts. The second system supplied
power for lighting the plant. The third system was an emer-
gency line which provided the plant with power should the
other two systems break down. (Occasionally, during the first
two years, an emergency occurred,, but the emergency line, too,
would break down, and the plant was completely without cur-
rent.)
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The building was a one-story brick structure, about 5-6 m
high, 8 m wide, and 20 m long.
Point 9 Building 22 (The New Test Stand Building)fS-ee Enclosure (c7
A brick building, about 12 m high, which had a slightly
sloping slate roof. There was no entrance into the building
from the south side. Two gates, both about 4 x 4 in, afforded
access to the building from east and west. There were also
open gates leading into each of the test stands from the
north
doors
A small welding shop was located left from the en-
trance on the east wing.
ECO~ w almost cowl eted
Stand #1, a propeller stand, was opera ions in
September 1950. Test stand #2 was operational for the first
time on 7 Nov 51, when the first test on the 022 N engine was
conducted. Stand #3 was to be -
testing of onzin@ 022 K
Work on stand #4 had
no egun in December 195
(Square exhaust chimneys, 10 m above
the crest of the roof, had been erected above all the test
stands except #4. (The roof sections above the test stands
were only 10 m high, slanting slightly toward the exhaust
chimneys.)
Both wings of the building contained offices. There were
eight windows along the south and north facade; the only
other windows along the northern faee.of the building were
the four in the control rooms of the test stands. The south
facade frontage was about 60 m long* nine high windows
ad-
mitted light into the assembly ha
The engine assembly hall
could be reached through two side.gates. Trucks carrying
the engines to the test stands were frequently routed through
the side gates, when poor weather prevented the use of an un-
completed road which led from the north side of the building
to the test stands. Some old engines of the 004 and 018
type were lying on the ground 'inside of the assembly hall,
but no machinery had been installed within. There were two
electrically operated traveling cranes in the hall. OHB
engineers told 0 that this hall was to be used for the as-
sembly of the 022 U engine. Building 22 contained the fol-
lowing:
To the right of the entrance, going north:
{a)
Three storage rooms
(b) An electric shop
(c) A shop for accumulator charging
(d) A room which was to be a blower shop was located right
of the entrances on the west side
The north. side:
(a) Two shower rooms
(b) TWO dressing rooms
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(c) Scrap metal room
On the second floor of the east wing (which could be reached
through a small door immediately north of the gate, and a
staircase which led to a passage spanning the driveway), the
following was located, to the left:
(a)
Office of the German chief of the test stands and en-
gine assembly, Alfred Gimm. His room could only be
reached by going throughthe timekeeper's office.
(b) Office of the timekeeper, who kept personnel charts on
which working time and personal achievements were re-
corded.
(c) Office of (fun) SerYev, the Soviet Chief of the test
.stands. His former office was in a small room near the
old Test Stand #2. He changed offices in fall 1950.
(d) A. small room with drawing boards, which apparently was
not assigned to anyone.
The following rooms were located along the right side of the
passageway:
(a) Office of Test Stand Control Chief, (fnu) Katchalov.
(b) Office of Fritz ' 'ilhelmi Chief of Material Procurement
for all test stands.
(c) "Red Room" for Building 22.
(d) A room which was always kept locked.
(e) A room with drawing boards, where girls made measuring
tapes. (Their tapes were sometimes so inaccurate that
one of the compressor teats had, to be repeated as a re-
sult of their being used in making the measurements.)
(f) Office of (fnu) Herber, Chief Engineer of the entire
Test Stand Department, including teat stand installations
and planning.
The following were along the right of the passageway, on the
second floor:
(a)
Office for oil and fuel procurement. The records of
oil and fuel supply were kept here,. and oil analyses
wore also made in this office.
(b) Electric heater for the shower rooms
(c) Office of the watchmaker, Richard Steffan
(d) Store room for low voltage electrical equipment
The toot stand rooms were 8j m square. The walls were 75 cm
thick and built of red brick. The ceiling was made of con-
crete. The exhaust chimneys (not yet installed in Stand #4)
were behind the test stand rooms, and were also 8 m square.
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Diagonally from top to bottom of the exhaust chimneys were
shafts on which airfoils were fastened to deflect the exhaust
vapors into the chimneys. The control rooms were built about
4 m above the ground floor and could be reached by a stair-
way from the engine assembly hall. One control room served
two test stands; the window overlooking the test stand was
only a short distance in front of the exhaust chimney. There
were two small rooms, about 2 m wide, immediately north of
one control room. They contained the oil coolers and fuel
filters. Stairs led from the control rooms to a gallery on
which electric installations such as transformers, switch-
boards, and meters were mounted. The gallery enclosed a
large hall on the ground floor which was not used for any
specific purpose. Along the wall of this hall were pipes
and lines which connected the test stands with the control
rooms.
Point 10 A Fuel Tank Installation for the New Test Stands
Several tanks (exact number unknown), about 2 m in diameter
and 6 m long, were built into the ground.
Point 11 Air Compressor House
Bottles were filled with air to a pressure, of 120 atmospheres
in this building. The pressured air was used for welding and
for starting the 012 engine. Two-three compressors were
located in the building, which was an old wooden structure.
Only Soviet personnel were employed in the Air Compressor
House.
Point 12 Heating Plant
This plant, about 10 m high, was built into the slope at the
rim of the plateau on which Zavod #2 is situated. There"was
a pile of sludge coal on the east side of the building. The
coal was shoveled into the Heating Plant by means of chutes.
Point 13 Engine Assembly Hall
The center hall was a one-story structure about 8 m high, with
two-storied north and south wings about 12 m high. The wings
could be reached by stairs which led to a connecting gallery.
The following were located in the south wing: a soldering
shop, a room in which nuts and bolts were stored, and the of-
fice of engineer Ste , who was in charge of engine assembly.
A fuel purification installation was in the north wing. (in
the center of the east side of the building was an entrance
gate which was so low that the truck with the twin 022 N en-
gine could pass through the to only when the air was re-
leased from the truck tires.) The center hall ceiling was
flat with cross-beams running the width of the ceiling.
There were two hand-operated cranes used in this center sec-
tion. Each crane had two pulleys and ran on rails, operated
by bogie and cog wheels. Boxes in which the engines could
beassembled were located in the center hall; seven engines
could be assembled at one time. Along the sides were filing
benches and lathes; also the assembly of reduction gears and
turbine starters. Only Soviet personnel were employed in
the upper stories of the wings. About 100 persoino per shift
were employed in the assembly of engines.
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Point 14. Materials Analysis Laboratorry
A two-story brick building about 12 m high. A little tower
in which the fire department posted its lookout was built
onto the west side. Tests were conducted in the northeast
wing. Precision mechanics shops, lathes for watchmakers,
photographic laboratories, etc, were located in the south-
west wing.
Point 15 Guard Towers
Point 16 Paved Roads
Point 1 Cleared Area
Originally this area was assigned for the construction of
the altitude test stands, dismantled from Dessau. However,
work on this project was discontinued and all associated
equipment was recrated and shipped out in the period from
May until September 1951. The orating and numbering of the
equipment was supervised by.Boe ke and Groebnerp both German
engineers in charge of the stands in Dessau.
Point 18, Wooden Pence
Six meters high. The guards stationed at the towers (Point
15) were instructed to shoot at anyone approaching within
three meters of the inside of the fence.
Security Measures
3. The chief of the MVD at Zavod #2 wain (fau) Kolichenko. There were
many security measures at the plant,, all of which were stringently
enforced. Upon arrival at the Guard House (Point 1), Zavod #2 em-
ployees were to tell the guard the number of their identification
card, whereupon the card was given to them; with this they could
enter the plant compound. The cards bore various stamps, which in-
dicated the departments to which the bearers were permitted to entere
the stamp permitting entrance to the OKB design of-
fices bore the number !5" and the stamp for admission into the as-
sembly hall was numbered "12"
At the entrance of the ORB Building, identification cards had to be
relinquished to the guard, who kept it until the bearer left the
building. Upon leaving the plant compound, the card had to be re-
turned to the guard at the Guard House gate. These guards were
generally women, dressed in a black uniform, black overcoat and cap;
they had revolvers at their belts.
Another point in the plant where identification was checked was at the
entrance to Department 14, Test Stands. The entire area of the test
stands was surrounded by a wooden fence, about 6 m high. The entrance
to this enclosure was also guarded by women. This security measure.
was deemed necessary because no outsider was to see the propellers
which were mounted outside of the Test Stand Building. A guard was
also stationed at the entrance of Building 22 (the New Test Stand
Building).
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Thd entire compound was surrounded by`:a wooden fence about high,
interspersed about every 150 m by wooden watch towers. Guards, etas;
tinned here night: and day, were equipped with single-shot rifles.
Additional "prowl" guards patrolled the area at night. Areas in
which penal.laborers were working (ma were employed in the erection
of buildings, digging. foundations', , etc) were surrounded by barbed
wire fences, at the top. of which guard towers were situated. The
penal workers were . guarded by men wearing black uniforms, with green
shoulder emblems. These' guards, accompanied by dogs, were armed with
automatic pistols.
ENCLOSURE (A) Memory Sketch of Zavod #2.
ENCLOSURE (B) External- Views of Old Test Stands
ENCLOSURE (C) New Test Stands (Building 22)..
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