1. RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY SPECIAL TECHNICAL BUREAU (OTB) AT LOMONOSOV 2. JET FIGHTER FIELD AT PUEHKINO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01030R000100370002-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 13, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 8, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
2014/04/04 : CIA-RDP81-01030R000100370002-8
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This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 794,0! the U.S. Cede, as
amended. its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
?BOBRK-BEr1st-
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COUNTRY 'USSR (Leningrad Oblast) REPORT
SUBJECT 1. Research Conducted by Special Technical DATE DISTR.
3 March 1954
Bureau (OTB) at Lomonosoy
2.
DATE OF INFO.
Jet Fighter Field at Pushkin?,
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT
9
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PLACE ACQUIRED
REFERENCES
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THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
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STATE
4x
ARMY
NAVY
4x_
AIR
FBI
AEC
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REPORT
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COUNTRY
USSR
DATE DISTR./6 DEC-S3
SUBJECT
sliesearch Conducted by Special Technical
NO. OF PAGES 8
?'Bureau (OTB) at Lomonosov
2.Jet Fighter Field at Pushkinc
PLACE
ACQUIRED
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
DATE
SUPPLEMENT TO 50X1-HUM
ACQUIRED
REPORT NO.
DATE OF INFORMATION
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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ORGANIZATION OF GERMAN GROUP AT LOMONOSOV
1. The German group at Lomonosov, formerly Oranienbaum, was under the
administration of the Spools/ Technidal Burpeu'(Osoboie Tekhnicheskoye
8)7121.0)-4(0')0r- which was under the direction of the Soviet Naval
Ministry. The Soviet head of the group was a Capt.let degree, SERBIA.
It was reported that he had been in the United States during World
War IL! Lt. STEPANOV was the Soviet officer directly in charge of
the German specialists. There were about ton additional Soviets
connected with the group. We Germans were divided into three sections.
One, a torpedo propulsion section, was under the direction of Ing.
Kurt LAWITSORKA, with a Soviet by the name of LITVINOV as the ad-
ministrative head. Another, a torpedo mechanism section, was under
the direction of Ing. Georg GLOEDE, with a Soviet major. GUSEV as the
administrative head, and a Soviet BRIKIN as a deputy to GUSEV. The
last section was the underwater mine mechanism section, under the
direction of Ing. Roman KOLL. GUSEV and BRIKIN also served as the
Soviet Administrative heads of this last section.
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RESEARCH PROjECTS OF OTB
Work of KOLL Section
2. Ithen-the.German group was at Sestroretsk we were directed to
begin the .reproduction of our World War II underwater ordnance
Jiesigne..AtAanghikox _castle, the KOLL section continued the
reconstruction of the circuit diagrams of a German World War,II
aombinatiOn magnetic, ace4Stic, and induction mine. The Soviet*
had brought a sample of this-German mine to Lomoaosov and thie
was available for their use in this reconstruct
?ou er OV p s s OWe e KOLL section a sample of
one of their own mine'meahanisms. I know nothing about the type
designation of this USSR mine. It certainly had an inductive unit.
This Soviet mine ntilized a 'search coil of from 50,000 to 100,000
turns ,plus an ordinary soft iron core plus a DC relay of about 10
isA sensitivity-6' The German counterpart used a search coil of some
3i000 tO. 5,000 turns and had a core of high magnetic perme-
ability, with a DC relay of about 100 uA sensitivity. The Soviets
for some UnknoWn reason, possibly nationalistic pride, maintained
that their mine was more sensitive than the Garman mine. They
maintained that it was not necessary to use a search coil core of
high:permeability. They were extremely naive about the matter as
? evidenced by their contention that their Mine did not have such a
core:and VMked as satisfactory as the German one. The Soviets
inaistad that the KOLL section design a new mine combining the
gdodfeatures of both the German and Soviet mine and utilizing
- the Boviettype searchHooil. The KOLL section refUSed to have
-anything to do with this scheme. In the Soviet group there was a
atirtain faction which agreed with the German viewpoint, but they
4apparently,were.in the minority. This improved thine was never 50X1-HUM
: designed and I have no details of the other features of the
. SOiiet?mine.
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4. the remainder of the KOLL
Irolip was doing leaceachm a high permeability research coil? They
sdaintained..that they aimp/y could not design a suitable main
techaniet 'without incorporating a high permeability search coil
_ _ and:4.124A there was noHpoint in trying to do it the Soviet way.
Apparently their collective expression of opinion bore weight With
the. Soviet's beCause they were never "ordered" to make the design,
? It 4Whow. about May or June of 1948. The Ministry of the Navy
retlittfrom:the administration of the Oranienbaum group and the
Germinetwere incorporated, intothe MSP (Ministry for Ship Production).
The laeadquartpre'cf this organization was in Moscow. The German
_grey; oificially became part of the NII-400 Institute. Their
activities tinder thii new management Will be described in a sub-
' seenent:report. Apparently, the Navy-,,,
DepartMent was .very dissatisfied With, what they oalled,."lack
-"Of40..eperation" on the part of the Germans. This was given ae
1116:Offieial reasOn for abandonment of the project. Neither
the 4COLD section nor UNDUE individually ever Old any 'work on
thi'acoUstio coating of mine oases, nor did I ever hear of any
warkteven 'vaguely hinting at such a development,
ResearOh-Conducted by Other Sections
5. I'kneW that the GLOEDE section Worked on a project dealing with
the,reconstruotion of :the German World War II AMSEL and GEIER.
ihieh were pattern running torpedoes with the code names of
STORCH,and SCHWENK-STORCH. I knew absolutely nothing about any,
other project of this Section, The same statement applies to
the LAWITSCHKA section. I knew in general that they were working
on; the lorpedo propuleion problem.. I never saw anything like the
usually identified LAI containers at Menshikov castle, but it Wee
at th
cotton knowledge this section was working with Ingolin as ,a
propulsion fuel. The presence of explosion bunkers on the grounds
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would indicate the exietence'of some sort of a delicate project.
SCHOLZ worked on the design of fuel pumps for torpedoes, while
GPTSCHE worked on propeller design calculations for torpedoes
and ships I know of no 50X1
? parallel'deveiopments ny the Soviets, or of any other research
?development establishment near Leningrad, or any other
-military or industrial development of the Soviets. Dipl. Ing.
? Hilbert ABEHMETH, a member of the LAWITSCHKA section, is in my
0Rinion a more capable engineer that LAWITSCHKA, ABERMETH
deeigned a complete torpedo, except the fusing wechanism, which was
isady for production.' It utilized a jet propulsion meter operated
b?:/ngolin. I have no details on this torpedo. '
6. aO612 after the group began working at Menshikov castle, the
GUIDE section insisted on the construction of an acoustic test-
ing tank. It was built in 1947 by the OTB, according to their
p1ans and by their engineers. None of the Germans were consulted
in the planning or construction of this tank. Prof. LUEBCKE
might have been consulted, but I think it improbable due to 50X1-HUM
reasons which will be given below. The KOLL section never made
use of the tank, since their work dealt only with relatively low
e tank wae built of concrete and was approximately
10 meters long, five meters wide, and three to four meters deep.
Tfie.iniide wall surfaces were covered with large numbers'of wooden
cones, which were manufactured by the East German firm of RFT
(fOrmerly the old GEMA?firm, located in Berlin/Koepenick), These
cones were designed by i:German engineer WEIGEL. TATO
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Gerhard GRAM and I *new
WEIGEL .and both of us considered him a charlatan. Portable
platforma were located, at both ends of the tank for fastening the
test equipment. The depth and distance apart of this equipment
Could be varied. Thore was no permanent instrumentation installed
in:the tank room, and all auxiliary equipment had te be assembled
and set uR in the room for each test. GLOEDE and GBAEFE sometimes
used the tank for calibration of crystal transmitters and receivers
at 10000 cps., but aothally made very little use of the installa-
tion. I oonsider the tank too small for serious underwater
acoustic, Work, and useless for measurements less than about 1,000
cps.- The Soviets installed a mechanical low frequency underwater
? sonic generator in the tank. It had been built in Germany and
had an output of about 500 watts and utilized a piston actuated
diaphragm with a diameter of about 30 cm. The frequency could be
yeried froth 510 300 cps..., and the diaphragm amplitude from), to
? 0 am. It used an AC power supply controlled by a so-called
LEONHARD traniformer aggregate. When this monstrosity was
Operated in the tank, a very beautiful and gigantic standing
Wave pattern would be set up, which practically removed the water
from-the tank and, of course, made any acoustic measurements
impossible. The Soviets were immensely proud of this tank and
installation, and treated it as their special project. They
Mere continually running endlese experiments in this tank and
wire firmly convinced of the accuracy of their results.
7. While under the administration of the Soviet Navy, many technical
&inferences *Elie held between the Soviet section heads and the
main members of the respective German sections. Whenever a new
project was started, a general conference was hel.dwith all the
Members of the section. The German section heads, KOLL, LAW-
ITSCHKA, and GLOEDE, had a great deal to say concerning the
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division of labor in their respective sections. The Soviets
were never openly satisfied upon the completion of any
project, but they were gerierally highly gratified over the
results.
8. The Germans were plagued with material difficulties, and this
phase will be fully descrilied in t subsequent resort. Most
of the German teOnicians i!efused to improve on a Soviet design
or technique, or even to dhow. the. Soviets their own techniques..
Others such ap KOLL add LAWITSCHEA, being overly conscientious,
were-eager to instruct the Soviets in any improved technique.
There were no really knowledepable Soviets at the Menshikov
castle. The only Soviet I met, who seemed really intelligent,
wis-A-Pr6f. 'BROWN, who had formerly been at Karlshorst, end
phyaioiat. BRONX was reported 50X1-HUM
to haverptudied in Munich. BRONN occasionally visited Menshikov
? castle. All the Germans who knew BRONN held the same opinion.
I heard later that Prof. BRONN had been elevated to the head Of
his own institute, called the NAI, but I have no idea where this
? institute is located, what was done there, or the significance
of the code name NAI.
Working Conditions
9. The entire German group was housed in the Menshikov castle.
The exact location of the laboratories and workshops of the
three-sections was constantly being changed. The working hours
were from 0900 to 1330, and from 1430 to 1800. We worked a six
day week of 48 hours. At the beginning we had a rather liberal
sidk leave system. During the first year of service we received
on a prorated basis 50 per cent of our monthly salary. Dur-
ing7tfie next eight years, this figure was 80 per cant9 and
? after-that period, 100 per cent. We had one month's vacation a
year, and thia...abinthavetobe taken all at once. We were
?lien it currency on the 20th of the month and on the 10th of
the following month. All the Lomonosov German group could
send up to 1/2 of their salary to the East Zone or to East
? Berlin each month. -Approximately 12 to 13 per cent of our
salary was deducted for taxes.
10. We-Germans, while under the Naval Ministry, had relatively great
freedom of movementabout the Leningrad area. I took long
bicycle rides unescorted around Lomonosov (formerly Oranienbaum).
'11. There were a few Russian technical books and periodicals at
Medehikov Castle to which the German group had access. If
anyone 'needed to consult a foreign text or periodical, they
were allowed to go to the Leningrad library with an escort.
The 'Germane had to apply to.the chief of their respective
sebtions for this permission and At was never refused. There-
were no restrictions on the frequenCy of their visits to this
library. Their escort left them at the library door and they
were free to wander around at will. They frequently met German
personnel from other groups in the Leningrad vicinity and there
was-no prohibition against these library meetings and resultant
conversations. Requests to go to the library were-considereda
lack of education and knowledge and we had to pay for our own
transportation to and from the library. The library facilities
were very complete;-1I S periodicals appeared only one month
after their publication date.
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SECURITY REGULATIONS
12. There was anther etriot.sedurity Of the workshop-and H.
laboratory spaces. At each door there was a sentry (all women
except three old men) armed, with either a rifle or an automatic
pistol. If one of the German grout' wanted to go to the head, for
initance, he had to obtain permission from the door sentry. The
Germans were not permitted to enter any rooms other than' the
ones to which they were assigned. While under the administra-
tion of the Ministry of 'the Navy, the Germans had complete
freedom of movement in the Leningrad area. They simply had to
apply for the proper pass, which was never refused.
JET FIGHTER AIRFIELD
13.
At a tan named Fushkini, some 40 km. southeast of Oranienbaum,
I observed A jet fighter field. 'There were on the average
ti*e jet fighters continually in the air over Oranienbaum. I
Was never close enough 'toestimate features of the field, such
al lengthsof runways,.isto. .Some eight to ten kilometers south
of Oranienbaum, there was a very large tank training unit.
They had a 1,000 to 5,000 meter firing range, and used cardboard
.',.targets. There were Hungarian and Czechoalovakian officers
attaohed to this unit. There was a naval training academy EDAM
five. kilometers soutkeest of.Oranienbaum. I deduced this from
the uniform* I saw.
VACUUMTMRESEARCH CONDUCTED BY LENINGRAD INSTITUTE
14. I met Dr. Ing, Eduard KROCREANN In 'Leningrad. He held several
positions with the .Soviets. Hie first position waste re-
design captured Germin World War II. instruments so as tO
ntilizi Soviet vaonui tubes. This *ork Was performed at
Some inStituie in Leningrad, but. I ao not know its name Or
'location. :-HROCHMANN.was a great friend .of GLORDE's and mine.
;1,..know.ziotli4iig of .1h4 Oiher projents of Dr. EROCHMANN.
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