AREA DESCRIPTION OF RUBEZHOYE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01030R000100420004-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 4, 2013
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: April 2, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
CONFIDENTIAL,
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18. Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Coda as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
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COUNTRY
USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
SUBJECT Area Description of R'ubezhnoye
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
2 April 1954
15
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THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
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2. Rubezhnoye is located at N It9-01s, E 38-23.
Page 22 point 5, Kremmenaya should probably read Kremennaya.
On page Li, point 123, read Sberegatelnaya Kassa for Zberegatelliaya Kassa.
Baranik, page it, point 119 has also been reported as Barannik.
STATE
rhc
ARMY
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NAVY
ft
AIR
CONFIDENTIAL
Hr
FBI
AEC
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Meta: Woslil Distribution inaireonel By "X", IF61.1 rliefrilmiOnn By "'Bt.
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COUNTRY USSR (lflrainian SSR)
SUILIECT s area Description of Rubesbnoye
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
REPORT
DATE DISTR.firEa
NO. OF PAGES 14
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
' SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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Agit MUM=
1. lint over in
t WAY Tc11-25._!_45479969-1-25R, Lisidhanek, Scale
1 45,000 see page 14 3.1 located the following points
the'RUbes oye areai
v
iota 1, lSMia
-AiiiiI.shapsd athletic field, about 160*. x50 a.,
surrounded by a white brick wall, 3 n. high. There was
one large double, iron gate located at the southeast
corner, of thellield. The stadium was laid out north-
south-and was located about 20 a. north of the railroad
line (Point S).: The road (Point 2) led directly to
this sta4ium:fioi the southeast. This was the only athletic
field in the area of Rubeshnoye, and was consequently in
heavy use by young people, including the various amateur
soccer and fisld teams., On Sundays, this field Was the
soot popular area of Rubeshnoye. ,
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An unpaved, dirt road about 30 m. wide which led from the
town of Rubishnoyil in the southeast to the stadium (Point 1
where it terminated. Froi the oity of Rubesbnoye to a
point about pc) a. southealt of the settlenent (Point 3),
this road'wes coliblOStone paved. During the'autumn and
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and early spring months, this road was a sea of mud.
Settlement
A small residential settlement consisting of one-story frame
and plaster houses which were ocoupied by the higher paid
employees of the Khimkombinat. The road (Point 2) extended
through the center of this settlement.
yallroad Line
A single traok, SRG line9 which led from the Beats Basin
in the south to the city of Moscow in the northwest, a
distance of about 700 kms. The line was not.elettrified
4.:1. and heavily used by freight and passenger trains. The
'r freight traffic did not conform to a regular schodule,\
.4 \but there was quite a bit of it.
' tore were about six passenger trains passing through this
arse daily and one express train which passed through., frano
Rubeshnoye at about 1100 hours daily. It't1Thli
; ? ttnded
Road
An unpaved dirt road, 30 m. wide, which ran west of end
parallel to the railroad line (Point 4) and which extended
from the torn of Rubezhnoye, northwest to the snall.villegi
of Kremeannsya located about 12 kms. northwest. ?The, .
Section of the road which ran through the town of,.Bubeshnoye
was partly concrete and partly cobblestone paved. Thereat
eitended further southeast, past the railroad etailow(Point
22) and thee turned into another road (Point 24). it. ?
Will Factory Ire.
AA area aboUt 200 m. x 200 m., surrounded by a white brick
wall 3 m. high. what the area contained,
bit it looked like some sorto factory or possibly a saw
sill. There was an entrance to this trek at its eastern
end, guarded always by two civilian guards armed with
carbines. .....c..:,
? ' ? , , ..
-Institute , ? ?,.4- ? . ? kh,c,c-
i T-shaped, three-story, white brick building, the south.road
east wing of which was about 100*. longlend the northeaStlint
Awing. about 80 m. long. The gable roof was whored with..
sheet metal which was painted with.s.....tar paint. The bind- .
ingkoused an institute for the training of technicians
for the chemical and engineartilield.
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tasisi
the institute' was commonly referred to
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is'the "tekhnikume by the population. The faculty strength! 50X1 HUM
sled student body is unknown but the average ade-Offn. bUX1-1-IUM
the etudents was about 20 years. The buildieg:also served
Is aYdormitory for the students who were undergoing train-.
ing which lasted about three years. There were no security-
precaitions in or around this building at artiste. .There
were three entrances to this building all located in.,theltr.
, southwest wing. ;,
WALL
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Trade ?.
A T-shaped, two-story, *hits
root painted with tar paint.
ing was about 50 m. x 10 a.,
the same size. The building
ri vlth
..)-
brick building, with, a gable.;
The north wing of the builewt.-t
and the south wing was about-i t.
housed a co-educationaltredeAnoth
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',shoal with a student body of about 100 persons. All students
--wore Entry blue, army .typs pniform. In addition to various
types of woodwork taught here,wood wind instruaents were also
produced. The building was bordered on the north by a street
(Point 13), onto which the main entrance of the building
opened; Adjoining the building on the northwest was an
exercising ground surrounded by a three-meter high wire
fence, and on the southeast side of the building was a
small garden also surrounded by a fence of the same height.
?
WALL .
A large, quadrangle-shaped building, Constructed of white
brick, three stories high, covered with a gable roof
which was covered with sheet metal painted with tar paint.
.,The building's wings were about 60 a. x lam. On the first
floor of the west wing were two stores% one, a grooerband
the otherlsold hon44boldettioles. The building housed the
?better-paid Soviettldreonnel who were employed in the NIOPilt
? Zaboratory4nd the"Ehiskombinat. It was bordered on the
kast by the atrest "Prospekt Kirova," an unpayed road, 60
to 70 m. wide, extending in'snorth-northeasterly &rec.
tion from the street (Point 25), for a distance of about
650 m. The building_stood directly ,south of the building
shown awyPoint-10. ?
WALD. Building :4?
An inverted L-shaped three-story, white brick building,
with a gable roof covered over with sheet metal painted
with tar paint. The eastern wing was about 90 m. x 12 11.;
and the south wing, aboat 70 m: x 12 m. The two wings
were joined together with an elbow-shaped section in which
there were several apartments on the second and third floors.
On the first floor of this connecting section was an office
of some transportation agency. The entrance to this
particular section was in its southeast corner. The
? eastern wing of this building contained a total of 30 apart-
ments, of whioh 23 were occupied by the German specialists,
and-the remaining seven, by key Soviet personnel. The
wing was divided into five equal sections, each having two
apartments on each floor.
4 total of ten could
be seen on the .east wing of the building. Each section
of the east wing had two entrances, one on the east and
the other on the meet side. the eastern doors were all
nailed up. The south wing was divided into two sections,
each having sii apartments, and the elbow-shaped section
also had six apartments. All apartments in this build-
ing were identical with the.exosption of the ones in the
northernmost section of the east wing. drawn a
simple sketch which shows the floor plan of my apart-
ment and which will serve as an example fIr the remaining
apartments in the building 2:17es page 15./. There was a
large basement in the building which was used for the
storage of coal and potatoes used by the' chemical plant. .
In the adjoining yard, west of the building, stood two '
smaller buildings. Both were about 40 a. x S m., and
shout 214. highs-and were used as storage places for.
personal belongings of the tenants of the large building.
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'atilt 11 Building
An L-shaped, three-stoq,white brick building, the eastern
wing ofetich was about 90 I. z 12 m., and the southern wing,
about 50 n. 1 la 14 This building stood about 300 m. south-
egSt of the keildihN shown as Point 10 and was bordered on
thh east bl.kbe street, eirospekt Eirova." The street
(foint 12), began at the southern end of this building. This
strUeture housed Bubeshnoyele club house, and Was referred
to as the "Rouse of Cullure." There were reading rooms,
an auditorium, a canteen, and playrooms of all types here.
The petithern wing housed a photograph studio and a barber
shop. The building's main entrance was located in the
southern side of the south wing. Just off the building's
southeast corner stood a statue of Lenin and of Stalin about
4 Of. tigh made of white stone, The building was the center
of mbl social activity in Rubezhnoye? and in winter time
the &ones- especially was jammed with people. lotion pictures
All demoss were given here very often, and dramatic entertain-
temA preeented by visiting actors was also a feature. The
Waling was open daily until late at Eight, when it las
leaked and watched over by an unarmed, plainclothes, civilian
? ..goinrd who iat in the foyer of the building. This man was
0 duty most of the day and was relieved sametl.ma during
Sc late evening. It was not necessary to produce any
? Liza of identification in order to enter the building. In
Addition to various recreational facilities whichwere
present in the house, a technical library for the use of
the Soviet and German specialists of tha Khimkombinat and
the NIOPiK laboratory was located on the second floor of
the east wing. In order to take any of these books out,
it was necessary to_hav_e_wr t n ission from the Soviet
renendant, MAIM Across the
Street, test of the "Rouse o u tire, was a residential area
ognaisting ef two. to 1.1.,es eastory, stone and frame houses,
oCoupied by workers of all grades employed by the Khimknma
billet and the NIOPLK laboratories.
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Ittatela West
"Binkovekaya Mites.," so called because of the location Of
the Rubeshnoye bank about 100 m. south of the clubhouse
building (Point 11) on the eastern side of the street.
The street was about 15 m. wide, cobblestone paved, with
two-meter wide sidewalk on the eastern side. On the
west site of this street, about 90 a. south of the "Rouse
of Culture" (Point 11) was a small park about 150 m. 'm
100'm: surrounded by a li-m.high stone wall. The bank
for which the street was nailed was a two-story building,
.00netructed of the usual white brick, and-having a sheet
metal-covered.gable roof. The bank itself was commonly
called the "Zberegatelnaya Kassa" (Savings Bank). There
was.an,entrance to the building from the west, and all
windows both front and back were barred. The building
was guarded by a civilian guard armed With a rifle during
duty hours and secured by the town police after office
hours. ( the police who guarded the
bank at night did not patrol the building but merely stood
in front. The bank was surrounded on the north, east, ars
south by a white brick wall 4 m. high. -HUM
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POi't 13 prat
NaMe unknown, about 10 m. wide', cobblestone paved, and
extending to the west from the street shown as Point 14
the stadium (Point 1). The street was illuminated by
street lamps placed at intervals of about 50 m. on the
northern side of the street. North and south Of this
street was a loosely scattered residential area.,
to
Point 14 Street
"Leninskaya Mites," a 15-m. wide, cobblestone-paved street,
extending generally north-south from the southeastern corner
of the Khimkombinstgs grounds, through the city of Rubezhnoye,
and out to the northeast to the town of Varvarovka, about
six or seven kilopetez away. A commutesibus traveled along
this. street from-the above-mentioned town to the Khimkome
bind daily at 06009 1400 and 2000 helms.
Yeint.15 Street
An Unpaved streetv 10.m. wide, running due north and south
past buildings Shown as Point 16. The entire street was
"flout li kilometers long from its southern end to the town
limits.
Point 16 Buildings:
A cluster of four white brick buildings which stood on the
street shown as Point 15. The southernmost building was
one story, about 10 m. x 5 m., and housed the Rubezhnoye
pharmacy. On its front a sign hung on which the word
"Apteka" was printed. There ye, eng 1311-amulet who had
three female employees. Busineera. bovry ,?ere from 0800
to 1800 hours daily and Sundays unti- J hours. .The
next building was a two-story, 15-m. x 5-m0 structure
which houaed the townos.post office. The next building
in the cluster was a two-story, 15.m. x 5-m. building
which housed Rubezhnoye telephone exchange and radio
repair shop. The telephone exchange was in operation
24 hours daily, but not the radio repair shop. The
northernmost building was a two-story apartment house
about 15 m. x 10 m. The entire ?Littera buildings was
surrounded by a small wooden fence on the east, north
and south. Otherwise there were no eecurityirecautions
of any kind apparent.
pint 17 Police Station
A cluster of three buildings not connected to
each other, housing Rubezhnoyees police station.
a separate sketch showing the layout of the
buildings Sea page 4_70 Building No. 1 was a single -
story structure of white brick, about 10 me x 6 m.,
and was located at the intersection of the street
(Point. 12) and the road (Point 2). A main entrance to
the building was located at the southern side of the
structure. There was another entrance to the court-
yard just north of this building on the street (Point 12)
whioh.was secured by a large double wooden gate and served
as the vehicle entrance. ? The building itself housed the
administrative section of the police force, where the
desk sergeant had his office. Another double wooden gate
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was located at the eastern end of Building No.1$ facing
the road shown as Point 2. Building No.2 was a two-
story, windowless structure about 16 m. x 6 in. l
not know the function it served in the police station.;
Building Np. 5 was a smaller building in the cluster
and stood well inside the compound; it was hardly visible
from the street as there was a board fence, 4 In. high,
surrounding the entire area and shrubbery which was quite
thickly planted along the sAreets.m-The police station's
northern side was bordered by a White.brick,wall, 4 in. high.
Which of the buildings housed the jailis unknown to meg
but prisoners could be seen being marched in and out of
the compound on various occasions.
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PVipt 21
Point 22
Point 23
A-15;.M, wide, unpaved road, extending in a northeastevly
direction from the raiiroai station (Point 22), through
the town of Rubezhnoye to the town of Beliavka about 7 kms.
northeast of the former.
-lailroad Station
The station itself consisted of a two-story white brick
building, about 15 in. x 6 in., and housed the usual station
personnel and administration. There were a total of ten
tracks leading to this station, and it was considered
a fairly large.stopping point for both passenger and freight
trains. A wooden platform, which was roofed over at the
Station. proper, served as the passenger section The
station itself was located on the southwest side of the
railroad line,. (Points 4 and 25). The main road (Point 5)
Which ran through this urea was located on the station's
Western side. Directly west of the station was a resi-
dential area, consisting of small, wooden frame houses
which were actually part of the town of Rubezhnoye.
Factory Area -.
An area of approximately 500,000 square meters, located
about 14 kms. Southeast of the southernmost tip of the
town of Rubezhnoye. The area enclosed an explosives
manufacturing: plant called "Zavod 20." Entrance to
unauthorized persons was strictly prohibited; hence,
cannot give more enlightuang information on this plan
It ,was cOmmon knowledge that the plant produced TNT and
other explosives.
The Majority of the Soviet workers
who were employed in the plant lived in a settlement
about One kilometer southwest of the factory, area,
situated on the western side of the railroad line
(Point 25). (Settlement not shown on overlay.) Labor
force and outrut of this fiOtory are unknown to me, and
there was no offibial connection between
this plant and-tne Khimkombinat. The area was patrolled
by Armed guards, -but :their status (Civilian or military)
is alio unknown to me. A single track, SRO railroad
spur, whiCh branched off the railroad line (Point 25) at
the southernmost tip of the Rubezhnoye town area, led in-
to the factrry area on the northwest.
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'slat 24 This two-lane, paved road, 50, m, wide, was actually the
continuation of the road shown as Point 5. At a point
approximately 400 m, southeast of the railroad station
? (Point 22), the road intersected the tracks, at this
? intersection there was a guarded railroad crossing with
the guerd rail remaining in the down position at all
times. The road continued in a southeasterly direction.
to the factory area(Point 23) from which point it was
unpaved:.
P,Ant 25 Railroad, Line,
This line was the southern continuation of the railroad
line shown as Point 4.
Point 26
. Lake
Assail', marshy lake, about 10,000 m. square. It was
located about 400 m, southwest of the southernmost tip
of Rubezhnoys. There was a larger, "commie-shaped lake,
about 2 kw's. long and 200 m. wide, located aboyt 200 m.
southeast of this small lake. The larger lake s name was
"Posoohnoye ?zero," and was used by the population for
swimming and boating.
J'P'Mt
7 haat,
"Beloye Osero,".about 600 m. x 150 m., located about 200 m.
southwest of thedtailroad line (Point 25), and directly
southwest of the settlement in the same area. /t had very
teddy beaches and was used by the poralttion as a swimming
and boating resort. ?
pint 28 Boardwalk ,
A wooden walk, ?rm. wide, built on piles 5.110,high to cross
over a marshy. area. The boardwalk extended in a south-
westerly direction from ',is southern tip of the Khilkolbinatts
greunds to a point about one kilometer away whore it joined
a road (Point 32). ' At this intersection the boardwalk ended,
its end supported by an ash and sand foundation. The board-
walk was. built 'of roughly hewn logs, was very shaky, and
could accommodate only pedestrian traffic.
paint 29 Yeservoir,
irrnle photography on the map
there-appears1
a ergo reservoir. In the time between 1944_and June 1951 50X1-HUM
never saw anything that oven 50X1-HUM
resembled such a landmark. The area in question iacflat
and sandy; it did not look as if anything had ever stood
there.
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Point 30 Unidentified Area
This area, as well as that of the reservoir (Point29),
was also a completely desolate, sandy dune, on which
nothing was erected, nor did it look like anything oould
have been built there at any time. This entire area,
West and southwest of the Ihiskombinates grounds, Os area
of the several lakes and the reservoir, Mas,suhjected to
heavy floods during the early spring months. the Donets
River( Point 33)-rose above its banks to an approximate
distance 4f two kilometers on either side.- TheAChimkom,r
grounds wire pot acted by these goods since
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that area was between five and eight meter? higher than tho
surrounding Donets Basin.
point 33; Road Branch
'AA Unpaved, sandy road, 10 m. vidwrrnhich was the branch
of the main road. (Points 5 and 24). This branch skirted
the southwestern end of the Khimkoshinatie grounds, then
Continued in a southerly direction over the lake (Point;35)
ST) a built-up earthen dam, and finally extended into the
road shown asilooint 32. This branch was the only conne0-
tip?* between the'road (Points 5 and 24), and the road
(Point 32).
,Point 32 Road
? An unpaveddirt road, 10 m, wide, running in a southerly
direction from the road branch (Point 3i) to the bridge
(Point 34). 'This road led to Voroshilargrad in-the south
and is the main artery to that city, The road was in-
operative during the spring months because heavy floods
put it under several feet of water, and in autumn because
of heavy rains the road was a sea of mud and hence again
unusable. During the remaining months of the year, there
was much heavy freight traffic along this road from points
north and Rubezhnoye.
Point 33 River
A shallow, unnavigable river, 200 in. wide, which flowed
in a southeasterly direction at the rate of about 5 km.
per hour in normal times. The river was completely frozen
over from December to March. The soil on either side of
the river was black and extremely fertile, and this basin
area was therefore thoroughly exploited by the population
as evidenced by the many small vegetable gardens scattered
throughout-the Rubenhnoye area.
Point 34 Bridge -
A 100-m. x 5-m. wooden bridge which could accommodate
about five tons and had a railing, 1-1- in. high, on either
side. The bridge spanned the Donets firer at one of its
? narrow points: 'The road (Point 32), directed all its
vehicular traffic over this bridge. It was built upon
piles driven into the river bed from which it got its
entire support. In normal times the bridge stood about
3 m. over the surface of the water. After each flood,
a new bridge had to be constructed as the old one would
be washed away.
Point 35 Lake
A lake, 600 m. x 100 m, which bordered the Khimkombinat
On the southwest. It was used as a waste disposal
reservoir by the Khimkombinatl hence the water was
dangerously contaminated and emitted a strong odor. To
prevent the spread of contamination during the flood
season from this lake, an earthen dam was built on the
lake's southwestern banks. This helped only a little,
and the contaminated water spread in spite of the
precautions. The waste fluids were emptied into the lake',
by means of an open drainage canal which ran through the:.
center of the Khimkombinat's grounds.
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Po$nt'41 Unidentified Area
\there were several heavily damaged empty buildings
phich were built in an area resembling a:Coliseum.
Untwisted Sites
2.? Approximately 10 kms0 southeast of the town of Rubezhnoye was another
urban area 'which incorporated a large factory. This entire area
was called Liskhimstroy. It was connected with. Rubezhnoye with ?
only oat singlertrack railroad, and possibly a road which branched
off the Lain highway running, through Rubezhnoye.
? /the factory in Liskhimstroy was also serviced by
\snail-aircraft which landed directly on the flat, sandy areas on
?'which Liskhimstroy stood. In the years between 1945 and 1951 a
\largo-factory was in the process of being built and was to be the
Soviet counterpart of the German Leuna Plants. Without a doubt
this, factory was to ?roduce $ nthetic ammonia and nitric acid. In
the spring of 1951 from Rubezhnoye rediithik-brown.!smOke
emitted from the tall brit smokestacks in Liskhimstroy, a typical
sign of the manufacture of nitric acid. the Lisk-
himstrOy'fictory was to produce nitrogen base fertilizers from
nitric isid-and ammonia. Whether further chemical products were
to be produced here,
3' in fate summer of 1947 six German specialists, all former employees
of the Leuna plant in Germany, appeared in Liskhimstroy. From
,OtstObor 1946 until this time they had been somewhere in Moscow
performing work unknown In the beginning, association with
Htsse specialists was tolerated, but later it became increasingly
,AifficUlt.tO \maintain, any Social contact Officially. In order to
- eyelid any trouble with the authorities, the Rubezhnoye specialists
a 1 contact with these Liskhimstro s ecialists.
General Description of the Countryside
.,.,The area west of the Donets River was generally hilly and stony-
iend coniferously forested. The river bed and its banks, for a
distance of about two kilometers) was marshy and contained many
-. :Small lakes of stagnant water; otherwise, the soil was very rich
and, fertile.' The northern side of the river was the opposite;
it was eandy and barren, except for patches of trees and'vegeta-
tiOn scattered about. This sandy area-extended for a distance
of about 10 kilometers after which the soil gradually became
darker and more fertile. The topsoil in the sandy areas went down
to a depth of about 2 m., under which a layer of White clay could
be found. The vegetation in the northern section was also of a
;
coniferous nature with much low shrubbery. The swampy areas near
the river banks gave one the impression of a jungle with its fern
and very thick foliage. The area was in parts supervised by
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7 State forestry commissions which took 'great pains in preserving the
pine and cedar trees. The more fertile fields nhich were not ale
ready under cultivation by local citizens were full of fine, green
cloter which was used by cattle for grazing purposes,. From various
local newspapersit was apparent that the government greatly en-
Oouiagid forestry control and irrigation. The area north of
Bubeihnoye, past the sandy area, was rich with small vegetable
gardens and collective farms, These were engaged in grainer potatoes,
corn and sunflowers for seeds, these three items being the Soviet
basic staple foods. Beyond the fertile areas to the north were
the famous Russian steppes.
. ,
. All arable land in the area was annually divided free of charge among
the employees of the Khimkominat at the rate of 50 - 100 square
meters,per. person. These lots were used for vegetable and fruit
gardeningl'the crops and crop prbeeeds going to the individual who
raised them. In the cases of the lower paid. employees, this proved
at additional source of income and food. The fruits and vegetables
sold in the free bazaars came from these gardens. According to local
citizens the farmers on the collective. farms were quite self-
sustaining since the land sufficiently supplied their needs. With
the money earned from the sale of their vegetables, many of the
amateur farmers were able to purchase small numbers of livestock and
in this way further boosted their source of income. It must be
born in mind that these amateur farmers were such only by necessity
and were primarily .factory workers.
Urban Area
6. The town of Rubezhnoye had an approximate population of 20,0000most
of whom were employed directly or indirectly by the Khimkombigiat.
The central area orthe town was thiokly populated and consiated
of two- zr three-story White brick houses. Most of the familial
were crowded together in small living quarters, generally as many
as five persons to one room. The outer districts were not as
crowded, and most living quarters were one-story wooden frame
houses. Most of the streets were lined with poplar trees and
hedgerows. Tha,Sown had been badly hit during the war but had
been nicely rebuilt since.
Utilities
7. The town. of Rubezhnornas serviced by 220-volt,AC current which
was supplied by a power plant in Dnepropetrovsk. This was the
?
only source of power (the small power station at the Khimkombinat
was only a relay station). The current in the city was extremely
aldi and during the daytime only about 80 volts were available for
? hole use. There were frequent malfunctions in the supply of
current, and a program of power conservation was in effect. .
Occasionally, the power would be entirely turned off between
MOT iLad 1700 hours, but this did not follow a regular
pattern, and its cause was thought to be defective equipment at
the plant in Dnepropetrovsk. Power turn-offs were very common in
the winter of 1950-1951. The Xhimkombinat did not suffer from
lack of power at any time,bessause it had its own thermal power
plant within its grounds.
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- 11 -
8. The town and the Khimkombinat were supplied with water from a
reservoir located somewhere north of the city. The ? pressure was
poor, and most apartments located on the second and third floors
had hardly any water between the hours of 1700 and 2000. This was
especially true during the summer months. Although the water was
purified with chlorine, it had a softbpleasant taste. Because of
the sandy soil in the area, it was very difficult to locate water
main breaks, and the maintenance personnel who did this work constantly
complained since these malfunctions occurred quite frequently. Some-
times these breaks would go undetected for weeks before something was
done about them.
Cooking gas was not available in Rubezhnoye, and all cooking mid heat-
ing was done with coal. It was plentiful and cheap in this area, but
the only difficulty was the lack of delivery services. In order to
obtain coal, one had to provide one's own meant of transportation.
.T#AVEL RISTRICTIONS
10. All the German specialists were restricted to the official town limits
of Rubezhnoye? but the latter were never defined. In 1949, the .
specialists were required to sign in and out, and everywhere they
went they were required to be accompanied by an "interpreter." This
rule slackened down after that year, and we were given free rein in
the town. Some of the Germans did breach the travel restriction and
made trips outside the town but did not encounter any difficulty.
Local trains could be used without attracting attention, as tickets
could be purchased aboard the trains. The oxprcse trains were
reseryad, and in order to obtain tickets frou th station ticket
booths, it was necessary to be in the possession of official travel
orders issued by the plant or laboratory where one worked.
CIVIL AIR-pituns
11.-There Were absolutely no air raid precautions of any kind in or near
. the oiti of Rubezhnoye. There were no bunkers, no air raid sirens
' or antiaircraft units or installations anywhere in Rubezhnoye.
POLICE AND slcutuiy
12,t It was strictly prohibited to photograph any official buildings or
Soviet citizens,' The police force in the town consisted of about
'100 Ma who were supervised by a chief with .the rank of major.
? Theiritniformsaere navy blue, cut to the pattern of the Soviet
Army Uniform. 'They were armed with sidearms; only occasionally did
one see a policeman carrying a carbine. ? In 1951 the police uniform
was slightly changed in that a bit more color was added to it, but
it remained the same in design. The forests average age was about
25,:and they were all husky, healthy looking young men. Only the
re were sommthat older, their average age being about 35. '
no impression of constant police surveillance in Rubezhnoye, 50X1-HUM
A4t?e police were seldom seen. As far as could be seen by the
local Citizens of Rubezhnoye, there were ne special police train-
ing activity going on. The police were very friendly and courteous
to evetybody, and there were no conflict. of any kind between them
and the population. The officers of the police force were apparently
well paid, as one of them lived in the same housing project with us,
and his fa m ly was always clean and well dressed, there were no f
police vehicles of any-kind in the torn of Rubezhno e and all police
activit was performed on foot.
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Adjoining Section
Aim en
Bath
7""1-71
Toiist
1-721-1/ N?b
410 Bedroom.
Main
illaso ;OA evs...04--.
Living Rem
sh, 4
CO'necting Section
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11 ' Floor Plan.
of German -
. Specitiiete
_Apartments in
Building',
eint 10, on .
Aree Description
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