COMMUNIST CHINA'S "PEOPLE'S DIPLOMACY," JANUARY 1955 THROUGH JUNE 1956

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 144
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 2, 2010
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: February 7, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
50X1 -HUM
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Denied
Q
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 EPARTMENT Of STATE
Office of Intelligence Research
TC IAL USE ONLY
Intelligence Report
No. 7L22.].
COI' 1JNIST CIrTA'S "PLOPIE =S DIPLOMACY,"
JANNARY 1955 TROUGH J JII { 1956
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
FIC IAL USE ONLY
This report is based on irnforwation available through January 31, 1957,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
?
Abstract 00.. O?? 01010?.?OoI?.C?000?.00000.OQ.00 OII??01?..?03
I.
Introduction .. oo??????oo?.???osaeoooo??*a.e?s:e-eee?a??
Page
ii
Ao Objectives and Development of 'People s Diplomacy" , ? . ? GO 1
.
T
B? T~ature of Delegations ......,..v.....o..o?...?.?s...?? 3
to Cultural and Art ...000G000Cro?00000?3???d?009?.?,oo.? ~.
20 Scientific, Educational, and Public I-:ealth . , o o . a . v . ii.
30 TJlorkers, Z'ToL1en, and Youth ao000000000000099??00000??1 5
).~o Peace and Frienc'ship ,oooo?oeaoe.,00ooo?o??oo?oe000e?
5. Social (Public) Organization ooooooooo?o.o?oaoeooo??e
6a Economic and Trade o?ooooooooooe.eoc.?o?.ooo?ooo.ooo.
7~ Religious oooocio e. ?o0.o 00000.000001I?0?.??0????00?
Press and Broaccastzng o.o?o.o?o..oooo.???????a?oo??o
9~ Physical Culture o00oo0o.caoa3o30oco.?o?o?eoe?o.c0e??
J.O o Paxrliamentary arnd Civic o e o o e o ? o .. o , .. ? ... ? ? . e ..... ? . B
C ? 7ts o ? ? ? o ? 0 0 0 C ? ? ? ? ? ~ ? . 0 c7 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? o ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? o I? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
D. Political Orientation of Dele ;atiors ?................... 10
E? Success of the Prorran ,.?..... . ........................
L 4
11
I10 Contacts and E xchaz:es e tt,een Cormwlist China and
other' Covn1 ri.es, J ~.nimry 1915 Threst h
June 1956 (Tabulation) Co..O.O.v?a..,OO???.??..aoa...,..?~. fold ?12
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
, 'r'T TAT TT' r7T'rtr
v L S v1 I.LJJ,
?
Abstract
Since 1950 the Chinese CorrunUnists have upended considerable effort
and resources to pro Tote the interchange of visits of their private citizens
and seni.:of f iczal representatives with those of other nations, Peiping has
encouraged these visits in order to develop "closer ties between nations,
o raore friendly contacts, more econorn is and cultural intercourse, tt They
began on a modest scale during the Korean hostilities and have since been
rapidly accelerated, particularly during the past three years, when they
were supplemented b Jr nu serous reciprocal state visits involving prime
minister s, foreign ins n?stew s, and other o:i icia1 dignitaries. They have
increasingly involved non'.Connrlunist ard anti~Comrnunist persona;esa In 1956,
Peiping claims, there were a total of over 5,L00 individual visits by
Chinese Comnuni sts to L.9 countries, trhile over 5,200 foreigners, repre..
senting 75 countries, visited CornLluni st Chinas
These visitors have travelled individually or collectively as
scientists, educators, technicians, or as rie i ers of theatrical ensembles,
athletic tears, trade promotional o -ou ,s, social groups, or as representa-Lives of a aide vari et~r of se~uiwoff~.cial organizations. Although their
alleged purpose has been cultural and technical exchange, they have been
used to advance Peiping ~ s interNational objectives, both in countr.es of
the Communist bloc and in non~.Co, riunist countries, particularly those with
which it has no diplor,23tie relations0 C or, zist Chinas campaign of
"people 1 s diploiac;Ttt h~,s been effectives 'parti cularJ r in Asian countries,
? in adver-tisin the domestic rattainmentstt of the regime, in creating the
impression of Peiping~s "peaceful" purpose and "reasonable" conduct, and in
reducing the Chi'aese C onurcunist regimes international isolation0
?
ii
ODIC IAL USI ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6
Q ?ICIAL USE ONLY
?
I. fl' TRODUC TION
Objectives and Development of "People's Dinlonmcy"
The exchange of unofficial delegations bettieen Conumuzist China and
other crnantries of the Communist and non-Co::nunis t world referred to in
this paper as "peoplegs diplomacy," has been an portant adjunct to
I, Chinese Con ni uzist diplomacy since 1950. It has been used by Peiping in an
effort to create a spirit oL' "socialist solidarity" between Coi1nnunist Ohira
and other C onmuni st bloc countries and a corresponding feeling of anti.
+. : Western at soiidaritytt ai;long Asian and, more recently, African peopleso. It
has been used in the attempt to create credence for Communist propaganda
charges and claims, most notably the bacteriological warfare charges of
the Korean war and present claims in connection with Comrunist Chinas
five-year plans It has been used in the effort to break C omz nist .China t s
international isolation by e rpandi ng contacts zdth non-.Communist countries,
particularly those that do not maintain c iplomatic relations with Peiping,
and to create channels of subversive influence, particularly in Asia. It
has been used to expand tr..de and facilitate the acquisition of scientific
and technical informaticn from both the bloc and the Lest, and to impress
the people of Communist China with the alleged advantages of membership
in the Communist bloc.
The most re~iar1:able use of ttpeople ~s diplomacy" to further Chinese
Co st objectives was c.ur n~ the Korean war, when the Chivase Commnmists
succeeded in creating acceptance in some circles for charges that the US
S had engaged in biological warfare in Korea and ~,Y1 widespread espionage and
sabotage in China, These charges were illustrated by elaborate displays of
equipment allegedly used by uS forces in these activities and by photographs
of materials allegedly dropped including "infected" flies and other insects.
Selected groups of latrers, scientists, and other "experts" were invited
from many countries to view and investigate this evidence,
. Peiping 1 s success in persuading susceptible foreigners, including
non~COmmunists, of the truth of its nro~aganda encouraged the regime to
extend t'people s diplomacy" after the Korean hostilities to include in-
. creasing contacts pith non-.Coni iuni sts tirho for one reason or another were.
judged to be susceptible to C oi.munist propaganda, Gradually the Chinese
Conmtunist authorities came to realize that often even confirmed anti--
Conununists could be exploited through the tactic of "people is diploniacy,"
either because these ind vidu.als restrained their criticism while enjoying
Peiping~s lavish hospitality cis because they were persons whose very
presence contributed to brsal:ink; PeipingQs international isolations
"People's diplomacy" has become increasingly important to the
Chinese Coinmu jsts as an avenue of contact trith non-'Conmiunist states as
NOTE : The tabulation in this report covers the period January 19% through
June 1956 o The general discussion in the introduction is based on
? this tabulation and on additional data from the period of the Korean
liar (1950) through January 1957
0
0F'.TC IAL USE ONLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600070026-6