SOVETSKAYA ARKTIKA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R000800190003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 162
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2010
• Sequence Number: 3
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R000800190003-6
50X1 -HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R000800190003-6
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R000800190003-6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/11/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R000800190003-6
RFECES
A d 2i Nauk SSSR 194G L gl g d9 Moscow
Ff' '..`
u J ci
E~ So t kay , Arktk
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4 50X1-HUM
THE SOVIET ARCTIC: SEAS J WD .ISLANDS
ysi c 1vGeogrc phi cai D scriptt cry
by
Cor spoiiding Mombers of the Academy . of
d t?J, &k
For tes.chers std rb8 the
di Lion
Scionco of the
USSR VQ Yu~ Viz G,V Gorbatsky~ G g P~ bunoW B ?LGorodkov
The phys c .:ii~g ogr ph .c~1 d?scriji z,on of the Soviet Arctic is one of the
p l O t f fP ,
pubicat.ons of the sc6 ~ c n i is poi.i s eras 'P roda SSSR ~ I t1 ute~ of G~ogr phy
4 of the A ad j of Sci oe of _ USSI
student and
of geography
tunes tnd 1es onu; d~1iiag t L+h goo 6 ? The ccpie s ham set thc~nse1ves the cask
Te 4 r es s a ~ho1e is intoided for a wide oc1e c roaders o teacher
y e s of the me 11 gen { sia who a r not s pads. ily engaged in the field
sew as a h.ndbook for 1eo.~
of acgu.1nt1ng the re de with Lo physio 1 oharaoterir~tios of the scp mate ~ of.
ii our o 1.hi r.~.ten d~ vihoot intending, howo
1rnterift1
11heo pit take thei
i? c sr basis i h~cs noti aa?3 of pb,r iog apMc province
I
T dsch .f s exto 1, AXpr3621oi of a very compio t d. single physi ai geog phi
to prow do oxh.u s iv rc f ei ence
c 1 proeosss consisting c ' separW~e c ; p nent s (o1iii ci hyd Z. gic~1, g~onu3 ph~l? -
soil, and bio1og.cai process n) rich are 1nt linked and interacting0 Hence each
phenomenon of. i s urc is ? eonsideved in its eeiproeai r1& onshlp. with the res of the
r a 2 i
phenol and in to pr oces~ of its dQlopmentQ
? .r ED
?'i ~ of the so purposQS e i?reseft WOPk. fa3.is into two pr t e s anem
I
13T :m CIO
ti i nt~ of o physi a1 e geog a 1uc surroundings arid
y;
ocs Fo?J4
HAR .9 200 DISSEM.NA1ION FORM. FOR I TRANSLATION
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(C?L4 "StfFC.9{1:',33? &wr'p
~~!! .ti ty ~~q q~ r^( ,y~ :a: -i.?.. r "' JITILJ.tIJ ~ USA ~4';v'~cL~@4t3?? F72 81 PA' NJ1Brf~ r
a.:sq~ettuaun/{?q.~~z~ ~.w?.
'r~i ~iliu
.axacnr:+cw~:sw~.~r:~~.r+cuaxaa~a:iarax+ascaavarmiarwa~.~xss+P.:oncr ~aa^~nnrs: snu.4:.;~^:crs.^^?r~cucvivrn?:.~~
oo apiit th eo 11 of t h foi icviu per to part1c1p tet
C (`'?t q Yy+ qy p a~ ~L y!q eryp~ ~.,
oS A17PCi .H i~ SFyn, Tr idin ' dSS.e t b ca r of th Act Qa.. of S c 1 eii c e of cRhUSSR .C dJ oT !~ A o r
"fro
Gor uiov The An aL Lth of thQ S ~ 3 d I w J nd&~
Thc: c rto a phi eo poi r one Such a
de r nation of t po11 he e g " =a poor'y with the cheep ion of the
g og +.ph oa1~aphysiograpMc c~? c Di r 1i ~ it mot difficuit to see
if wo take as u~ b o and . iij of tha north poia ? zone (A otio Zoe) ti a pa ii~1
66? 3( Nq T ; th1i h v i h6 pole re . oox 4:~ . phyogrtphjo
c 1 c E3rI *t1c ~ Ey o :L riot poI.r (for ~ .p1 ~ the Koi P ins its
pine d fir : o rs) r.. he other rtes which 'aro cock pieuous1y poi r in physlo
gr phio ci r act- s isti s (for p .? t tuidr. of North L b odor) lie ou sj.de
` ~W 1 11t% (phy5iog1aph a zones and
are d@t i d ch5.3fiy ?; thG low tmrar~ of suxnr S t1ng from t ~
one pxo pod ii due cour that wi tho tome a t- ai. r in sir a
criterion f 1j dew orn tio,. o ethe' or not . given a belonged to to
t'1A '4r9 X00-1
DDS S NA ON FOR
LIZ ~ ..'.~:~ s1
i
eo ' phie i 1i3 . 3 is - p i ned th i tf1y by ti h ok o wifornity in the di s'
4- i Ci i. ti oa i of dry ia. id d cat' Y o Q ~h i 4+ rf a e of the o h ~ aa,}i ai fJo the sy
t e3 Of oc ~ i otu'rei? t ii t i their turn & psnd to a c omr 1 der bi extent upon
the d i stribut ioz of d7 nd d s t
fixitg ti `1 i t of the polar zone it ouid b bottc~r to take s
our bast not h tr onomiea,1 f cto but the oiiar~tic f s;orgTh s ady of
h po , phs1og .phio pro? io ~ .o r that their spoil ch cte ,bio s (b~
senco of ' a ?~ ~ the of snow end 1o? ng the e to p t of the y)
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'Cs'~^; ;c~Ir6an S>:cmp)
~1I\it1~ ~3~~ llL ~- ?L x f;Eeisi i UNi E PACE NUJ 1 J J
'~ rxY. -~ . R r'-~? r x ' . 41 ii1c4 s." z~A~AYkrJC~RV2__c6Y1iGC
... usa :: .c :.xmr~s~.c:~.r~:/.aca:c~"cxa+rw 7 wr x:++uuvzs~:..sm? ~:s~:s.+s~axa ~rxa:~cca:.ont~a,~rr;F, i l1i~l'~ti ~~
o:vhC; 3ovle tect of
m~ & t Gr oz ch t~ aas ; the di 168 49 50 West
32' Ot $5
psi oh.~ 'once rho ' r w Som. po ?a n in th Ar tto 5 the
tZ?n w.' of s . c l'odi iyA ii.Cf the B nts Sc [1 Wt the e ?eaete fL~M AYI the i M tan YN cf~
Bob show . or de (Pan) the Boh ng Strait
, once the i as g# part of it The min p ' ho' r of th dry
nd of
co r Thc it (The ntiont 1 .rb of So"riot Arcti o I g do2c b in cat hr
~ ~ ca one of th ?a a is } v yeas the i 1zids constitute h ~.. _ 1e ~
M r1r
.,I .F.i
i cc sheo 'the ~o phi iago of Franz Jo of Ltnd (183490 squaw o k31o to s) d
N ?, ay Zc ra (812$0 sg 1m): the island Kolguev (3,728 krn) the i nd
o: Yom? Bch (3,383 si a.d o oigi and ot1 r i iI is1d in tit;
;x;z ey of a sew
In the K Sea. Belt' i s1 d ( Q 02 sq~ s ~ Shoff` ii.:k ? t (&o
km), Sib yam,ko (895 spa );?Lo` ?sitzftfd (a.,00 ), ~3i
_ `?~~' 2
~?xa~
t,w iu~ 1 . x~J a of ~ c , cd
~T .r c?~ ~ i A"~.~ t{J . the t,.Tsj~ ! t''t s' >,a th 7 'iii ' fb ~. the f i r~t So-5. '.. .L924 'fa: ^^l.. 1.GG 'JTI."C12C6,1T-, ' ~~
..` `' i i~uy~+.?` ~a ~ ?? _+ ~~ ~ ?~ .r as rszwrwtravrr~ocaw+nru:r+nsnanacr.,: r.:v,:...:nvm
The deepest of the seas of the continental shelf is the 33arents Sea, the
A `~ jSea from
l1
from
a';.?orage depth of ~. i'ihich i s 200 ~'t te:~c (~ di deep trough runs into ~.ld d. he Barents
tLw.',st (a depth of riore t .al LOO meters); this trough con ?sis of a .broad sgab.
Yril M joining up ith the deep depression of the Greenland Sea The ex
southeast part of the Barents Sea i kno in as to echora Sea. Th Barents
The relief of the . Kara Sea i ~ves ?y uneven; along with large sha .ova areas
t. or :;x _T1pie, to the north of OCR &y ( Yosa . . guba 3 and the Yen?ss Gi1') it ha
deep d ep:~ ?essions . the largest of ch are to NovoE emel skay'a (eastern
.=: --io ?e: = ,_:L' Novaya Ze xlya) with a depth up to 500 meters the Sv 4 Anna i;rou
on ~e
r w tr? me noi"th'trest part of to sea, ' t vh a depth of over 500 meters and the i.-:in
ec' E~
c dm ' ?? mic V ''' t the Kar Sea by neans three straits (Yugorski ha Ka r
.1' ,".. U =~r straits (between to conuI nent and lshe tar k island) and by. to r rr . uer r
ti' v, r: a a Zerr3.ya s U. ?a u (he strait of Shokai and Krasnaya A ya s trai i) 4
~.x ... ;~1 .~ ;,~~...~?~?.~-..~?--?+='-.: _'_ _ ..~:4'_4:~e .----_-r_-~-c...,.~~_.,.r.-~;~.-~?rcrrrn.-..~:~:~:'~r?..~~:...~-.~~:s~^.~~zw.?. ;.^'.:~:..?^~:~.~,..z~.~~zu:axa..^?~.?~:...~-~; ~*~ r~7r 1 o fn9 zi? ti tS(,a
~ ? 'ai
?d ;ateti.i~J :J g . ~ Scs? h 9 w ry 4T .ob ~ as .3.~ 6 .ra gRd._r.`;: h+ CL dit. ~?~.+S l .r ?.e
f . i .na~n?: ? t.."i~ } o!iZ'r:'=?f, Te. 3 t ~,, s
y. 4 vc t. i"ss_raa' ~.wl Lai CJ ? SC "moo. ~~
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~L'.4.':TIL :rya.4'.~..e~.::~tw:,;ta*-'~.~'IYL~ccs:,:a.v7:.~~me?'J~fj~=.fjr'm, v ia3b t:L~~tva.G>.i ..Sj~ ~~.M tt^N
PL=GIST' [ UM 1
PAC7~ NUM?iE
~
.:poi r of Ice" tr tchxn almost to th po1e~ ihen h r 11tt1
b e' ~ E1bor an fpoiy'i1&` is .qty ok1y co rod with new is y ~.nd with v: 5d
~ . ~ from sofa the drift i.c amain ppro~.oim close to the lid floe and
tins. ;?J +d.e?~.3.fo Y~ d.~.b 7.rt+ s'id, -
~ a
11
11
it the opt?c~ it . ct on in N tern .d easto n p rt of th
i id, is urbutIoa of the ice
-L~3s ZV S . x rid.. Is3. a: d th Std }eider the infiu noe of t re].t tivoly. wa 'Yll ate:
r.
brought frot th o~ th (._he L n r a r ~n) is nti o1y f e of ice by the end s
of th' Ho r 1 i . the u n r'thia rnie tar s of I ee w
.
ftA.' "~ o r.:s.? ' 4~"1 `.o&' r for n..of fat. tongt e, { hg a the east Shore of
~~rJa~. y al~ e~r>+t.~.4r~. .~.~ ~hg :~.
? his ;self i s .fGr3. viot only bar ice. coring from the extent north t
part of the Lapte- - Spa but .~tl o by she ice of the K Seas .hzDoughi in the
in to l Lo t con mww flow from V11idtsky 3ti dt0
The & s t Thiniyr OC
soy times cr yes c a ain &tff ou1'tie fo w g .tion in the rest of the
Lftpt3v Seas, h o w evcr ge l w cm use wily i'iiite along the North Se routs
shout n.(~ OU te4 ifl U17 Ob5 iC1C5 The East Sib?ia So The , 1OgLc 1 rogeu of the Est Sib ri> Sep
$f erabies grew d1 the : giiea of the Ipt v Seg. Even here the seater.
i2 f r .shen d i p s r t C1 s re mt 01 xuixIn .h .vcr t*r (Indigirk
. A1as;on Ko1~)? a ,- though the quant1ty of river ter lowing irrbo the , st .
Sib rim s ?(a1xut 156 ibis kf .eters m year) i only a little more than
. this coining into the e iptev A eert iu tart of t m iffie r s ter gces through
. to 3t dt off' Da ?gip tev (ad , part th rough Saniko Strait) in he st rn
er of one. ~o vescx'n
During the nrtgtIOn period (end of Jui~r end of Septeiabea;) the p&
ward up most i the littor1 of the East tborIan Seas The mper.t.re
of to w toy In this s e su~].l stays . above zeros ? d. tt the. end. of August end
in Saptembor t weste'n part of khI8 gone (t
Tr,r U+l:i:
(a ~sicic i'cu~ Sapp)
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l.: =SFr'! .. fu11 S ;7p)
A jj1T
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.^J1...4.YY.-:.Pi?~1t.:Jlt'VSt_:il=d~J..1'.~,S..IIICx'L.`71'4.lYFTL:..lr.J9Y.l~~::?~..GM.L:dll .. .YY1.4 f1 ~J-4' JR
.~`'?L.U I 11 U ~! lS~ at x l !1 t
Ko yt) iti i thz r i a*ely h~oQ of a.~ ba a, or If th y _ pr s n tt all they
Thlt3Idl h 4e.~'~ is littoral o tag which V7 f ra l y~ fe
Se it i
0'i033,~ re t ?af th~ ?s+~ly!r~ ~ th th~ terTom? ~ t of th~
3IJuoh r t s rt v h La the b>otntr'p part of t East $ i be r i n th6:1 t hIo n 3s of tt
of L Y,.,y. ~ ?.. ~ with 1 R .~. ?w >
Y'F '~/+?;} ~'R t } Of S it ~,y `f [ y Y'a th :. .o a y 'j?t R o t ~ '4 .1. od by th 1 .[1
?~. ~J i; 1 1= l
t !J t_ c u4 w.... a .a ..1/ \En
tia ii`L an? oon 3 . i uis J ` a t oc1r`-:eri:~t=.iucl:L.xt i~,ur'?^xs,.0.-auniw~,a:.aclas~r~/.tv:naa'lnrs.V.m~.acxatis:MariiLS.llrxcoc~GC.,aGSaawntlaa?nvranwastm~oersevrrcxtscxir..msr.~riYlKisffi~Ge:~a+GawKVw+2nvardds~:irr.7oe.~aZloCt'~^'~r~
Yi 7b U' t'
....w...'.,?.~~.w?.::L"k`.?..:.< .: `N.VT....i...,....:: ~:."':"5,.:.'a".`n~.....~.. 1'.:.'.'L'Sii.=:.s^.T.~".."M'; ^""..'.."',T.:...":'.-."'^.,.....^.1.""^.?'Y.JX:"'i.F.O'21S'..'i'.L'+*".,,.5.....,""^r".S{.fl~...,'a`S.:S;...^"""......a "'1C1.7S:.Yl:7'..IIS"~"'^'r...t".,Y"'..L':C1?
~ ? t ..~.f
Sarit1~p)
'it iJ.~`11 ii'l
u u1\t VU i L.bLtLt
tenpor& ?ur~ above zero in the u er
h ~r~ 1 i ma a1 3eaing mho it cotes rca the Boy.i ig Straits
1:LO: ~ totr rds Al . k .. but Ott to erne ti ie a certa,n part of t vater f1owt
the direction of so,ac eci Long St ain (betwoen ~`~~ nge1
~ rind ate. to c t wnt )
~~.
Picture page 3L Continuous broken up ice in
Chukot kL (Chuckoh ) Soap
The c old w ttercome ini;o to C~huckohea Sep from the north b& een Wrangel
sad id Hs id i 1id end a taro qu ~tity also coins from t~ northwest
o tip Eat SiboVI Un Sea0 Th es ter coning ;n from h north~+est prey es
t;.sw trds tho Chuokc hee litto lg fo b g hero cold. currents re.chi up to the
Strait it s ]f and pen rtat r ng into it in the fozm of . n~i.rro stye
hing Cape 8ez 3ev A a result of the meeting of ?ti~. i meter of to cold
Chuokcho can' ont ~ a th the rester of the ? rm Bering current the are formed in
t Cs;:~=cs che - v rai large i a cud ~r ~- v ntt of ter. The di tribution of
be in e Chuckshe Sea to a c ansid~~?xble degree upon the scheme of
1Tents g iven. abOY In th per the area adjacent to the Bering St t is
u:r,3al1yT fr o icetz Under. e influence of the vrin Boring ater a
(of Icca ~fr~e ti t r ) extends from tM a broad ~paoe c~ ice~f a der In a north
d1r ction, cutting into the icy area of Lot $t aIt0 The southeast ou ent4
moving near the Chuckchee iit tora1 oftentis carries thi. ok i.sses of ice
r&.ohing fotimot: c1oa~ to Bering . Strait itself
From th ? t&u dpaint of Ict littor 1 of th nckohee Peninsula to the
easy of Cape Sheiag , is one of t most difficult a iao s f ?t North Soy,
routee of ~i fact t t.. it i loo.ted farthest south=, This Is explained
by the absences i ? nt 4?t of tbe` Chuokohee li'btorr.lg of lar e io1ands ich
OCR FORM ,
..? ,Sys: 19 -.
DtSSEMINA11ON FORM FOR tD TP~NStAIIONS
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 ~X r pO 9) rt!Ld &1o ~vOi' il:.. riKy'CJ 1V43 6a u.~A t O i t h3
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..'....;;} i ~. ~1J}~~' t1tti: r:
i~ .~ .k~'~.'.b?? > , ~ # 4
r ha M o`V yi 1?oro -#d
:s
3 ,-: for
cO3 i i~t u `V `~. tvO CrC21tp`? a?n ; do 9 O b ' (fire. ang ?.
1ayin up 5 of
I- 1Etnd is too
Chuokch littoral
?~+~tir era e~`a for th vrt Tht la m~r r often thnn in
oth`.'r # w`css too i ? ? 1 u. ?f d #~ rious d io of t ,
~r
EYOhe1iuraldsa i{A i934
M 4 t
o j soi1j pi ope 1cr of h asS bir kov" in 19$L
`.?.,he :~~ yeg? p~3v' ?h e w .;t?. y d t"+ of tl, the e Arctic 't.1 t . " ~~
c~~~ ~~?m y_~~a~..~,.. ?L .~tip.. _~~:eL..~.:a v~n b. ~rine:.
1n < ~'~t1 +r.e ~ .p w ho a3er t. ata~.c~. X33 to c -b . 'haz'e ~ a
es vo '? tonJ s~ ii,~ w,~ tt c `t t n
c3 :r1 c ta'h iii it do . s o t show i if 3. v 1.;# etbov~ ho horizon A-b thu pole 3.tsv1
the high of th 235 9 Due to ti> ' 1c poa.tFioff. of tho stiff
ti?ae q~?d~ ~a ai A moot.;E, ~ cl~r~"s.J4o~' ~r"k~a
w >... ;!i .l..l.t'.. `Ci 5 .''~, `~ 3L L ~ rr ~. 4.s , !~ ~ C:'
~.. la
Qy
t.C.IL: to Val mou.L. J' of o.L t~
For ~xo i p? e
ri t&~ $0 d ;o (teat ith~ l tit de o is south p.rt of Fr Jc e
a~yy8d ) ~~!yyac~~{{ ' . trrya;rt})qq`{(~.~~ r of go~+1"t,itCi~::l.Ffri A7(*~-g siSb } 'fL.L~~jce ~.I ''1 obtain uring the y~zaa
a...,iG J....~ 7J' Vvgg 3 ~i~'~i.. qutL-'6ti.M' ?.:i'~d V~ 1't3'd ~tri ry~ISa.. ..~ ~y 9..' r?..
a d-?~..~g r F;'1 ~ a``A a'' ?a_.t d .t
j ~~ t s. oat '~.` E e; .-t?te ~. a ,sor : w r yti 1 to ~y G~ r c 500 . (i K+ h of ~,. l h$ rf of
'+ 4< y.: `1 I y 5a + ,, 3.. urni4 ?on o ~We. .L. r~.. ~a VEcyY~ t~F)~
bf.)L~
oVtV?~' a
tq .mow F + 'v ~
{ . r1iS ~S RJ rkti. S` rE SJ L f4 :L:.r V i +~Y Y.Sdo 50 rrti~5' 3
&
^' "'. t.rn ?r *k'T. ?y 1.~ ..> ..y^3 .. ;i ? '~i~. C+,L~r,omot ?..! o '~ ~+L7 5d~,(~! ~ 11 t~3.7..:111 ttt;'~ . ' ~...i.~"r.? ".S~..c 'p',h.~tr~ ~..t. '~`Jiy~.~i~~ for .~. ~~"~.xyy of
o?f + of
1c.: fY t?i -,Y`~ o,y. Cj r" ~3' {~ ,, c,, 6~' *,b tie c~~'~, EL ri `e
..:
+~.?. G ? !S ~7 gym.,,. !;9 4~..... 7 1s> t^, f' r
ii wJ w ba1A [t;~~~ ?~.~~..V j 1~ ~~ ~'~.. wo
M'~ w.l.a Er
L;t'?v }i rsua'. 5 ice. L~ iO of the. ~j
d? ; y iii' .~ ~. 2
r+) 1)r ~ t
aszS$t`. i! C'34i:tSN:aS`i
70 45 121
9 n
f r jr-.. 9( ?l 5 t?
a `..:. ~ .~ 4 od 2? e, ?~ ?: Y ' a' C ri ~ro .s ti' ~F td~ S 'J ~J by f! f!
N WE E S Std W
": 3
'-36U
,, r,
cn
~ T St .i;,
A3 Wt3 Can in the W1 ntdrtir the wln~ tt .z~ohe t1I a south coiiiponent
(SE? S ~f`d) are pe copti eIy cold ~ tI S n winds with a north oo- ponont (NW N, )
Uowing from the d 3otion of he polar basing
Ske toh~ r t ;o 37c
Lgend.s Di;trtution of th9 atr~asphe .c p ensure (in .i 1ii ar8) in the
~?rat~~ o in t urnert1 ( L N~ ?ubov) and. tb dfreatI ?n of the equlnoetlal
Wifd<
Li\c
ocs FO
0 4., o -, 2OO-i
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J'WL ti i~ l~ i~
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{tssii~Q.ioALar:
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~ ~.a dD E3SA ~'R~i~3~L.A:?'~t~?~3 ~.~Y~.~~. ~`~~~~Aj?~f"'~~-f~ iL~`~f't~ ....._.....~.i n,.,,..,.. ,....~:~~~-.~-_....:...c~w-?:.^.t.~c.~?~z:c~~..~:,w- ~.-.r.r.~~..r.,~-~-~-~.? ~?:._~--~-c
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In e r seao:. of t no Sib+ ri n & icaro1one tmd it 1
p1aood at i;Iisr timo by n a2A~a-a ofn'e.tiv&&.y low pure, asbesu1t of
?vhioh t a1 flows ch af1y for. the direction Of the polar isin tovza d.~ thn
continent, tI t I~!; 1~ t dfecticc. coiit ~y to that which .s ob$er d 1n the
winter tip enoe,, thO ch ago of ha w1nd 1x hc course of the 'y u'g on. thc~
l tto 1 of the So-dot Actin his . ox oon ~ ctoin sur e o to hoe
of c nt1 S be ?i , to th :~ 0 10 by to ~ rte tperature effect
in compa.r1 so i with the vtite .~ TMs an be Bean from the fo1iov ig fat shov.hzg
.~~ c fit .za ohs
to ?u t ipex turn of zc air/with1 s vdiith
Sa~pS t~S 2 rus c i of t L .5, P tS~ 5 iA 3 ^a Cr
NW
13x,4 12e3 T%2 64
f' g .n i1i