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SCIENTIFIC WORK IN METEOROLOGY

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CREST
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General CIA Records
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7
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RIPPUB
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K
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117
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December 23, 2016
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May 29, 2014
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1
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Publication Date: 
October 27, 1958
Content Type: 
REPORT
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SP Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 STAT; ZY Ootober 1968 wigwam WORE IN NETEOROWGY U.S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE Main ?fries: Suits 300 205 E. 42o4 Straat lisar York 17, N.Y. D.C. ?Moat &mond floor 1838 Connaotiout Ave., MX. Washington 9, D.C. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Soobshoheniye o Nauohnykh lakotakh po Meteorologii Z?mport on Scientific Work in Veteorolo Submitted to t e International Association on Meteorology for the 11th General-Aesembly of the International Geodetical and Geophysioal Union, Mesoowi, 1957 51-page pamphlet INTRODUCTION Academy of Sciences of the USSR Committee on Geodesy and Geophysics pg 3 The present report embodies the results of soientifio investigations carried out in the USSR during 1950 - 1955 in the following branches of meteorology: climatology; synoptic meteor- ology; dynamic meteorology; aotinometry, atmospheric optics; physics of clouds and preoipitationeu physics of this ground surfaoe layer and atmospheric turbulence. Together with the bibliography, which is listed by branches, it was deemed expedient to furnish a short list of textbooks and manuals on meteorology, Lowell as comprehensive monographs on specific problems of meteorology, published during the period indicated above. 1. Kura moteorologii course in Meteorologe (physics of the atmosphere), edited by F. N. Tverskoy (1951, 878 pp.) - For hydro- meteorological institutes and universities. 2. Osnavy dinamichesicoy meteorologii Lfili.sio Principles of Dynamic Meteorologe, edited by D. L. Laykhtman and M. I. Tudin (1955, 647 pp.). A. manual for students and scientific workers. 3. Meteorologicheskiye pribory geteorological Instrumentg, by V. N. Kedrolivanskiy and M. S. Sternsat (3rd edition, 1953, 540 pp.) - Contains a description and the theory of modern instruments used in observatories, seven. as of instruments for the measurement of radiation, optical and electrical properties, etc. 4. Fizika atmosfery ghysics of the Atmosphorg, by A. Kh. Khrgian (1953, 456 pp.), - For universities and hydrometeorologioal institutes; contains a relatively detailed physical and mathematical treatment of certain problems in meteorology. 5, Oanovy aviatsionnoympteorologii ffrinciples of Aviation Meteorologi4 by L. T. Matveyev and P. L. Smirnov (1955, 353 pp.) Describes in condensed form modern principles of general and synoptic meteorology and methods for their practical application, with partioular reference to weather forecasting. STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 6. Kurs klimatologii (Fours. in Climatologg, by B. P. Alisov, 0. A. Drozdov, and E. S. Ru inshtein. (Parts I, II - General climatology and methods of olimatologioal processing, 1952, 487 pp; part III - Climates of the Earth, 1954, 320 pp.) - An extensive manual for universities and specialists engaged in olimatologioal research. 7. Klimato1oiiya2Tlimat0loge, by S. I. Kostin and T. V. - Pokrovskaya (1953, 425 pp.) - A textbook for agricultural institutes and agronomio speoialistsi a comparatively large portion of the text is devoted to problems of olimatological processing. 8. Rukovodstvo po prognozam for Short Range Weatai ForecastinanaiTIY-Us Central Institut* for Weather Fbrecasting (parts I, II, 1954 - 1955) - Summarize* the results of modern methods for synoptic weather forecasting in a brief and convenient fora for practical purposes, and inoludes numerous examples and diagrams. pg 4 9. DinamichaskayalmagrYnando Meteorolo by K. T. Logvinov (1952, 150 pp.) - A conoise and comparatively elementary practical exposition of the principles of modern dynamic meteorology. The following extensive reviews dealing with basic problems in meteorology should be mentioned: 1. Luohistaya emir i a Solntsa adiant Energy of the sug, by K. Ya. Kondrat yev pp. Tis book, together with the latest book by the same author "Atmospheric Radiant Beat Exchange (1956, 420 pp.), is the world's most comprehensive review of radiation processes in the atmosphere, reflecting the presont status of Soviet and non-Soviet science in this field. b 2. Atmosfernyyozon5tmospherio ?song, by I. A. Prokoflyeva (1951, 231 pp.) A oondena?d, but very full summary of scientific work in the field of atmospheric ozone. 3. Obloka, osadki i grozovoye elektriohestvogiouds? Precipita- tion, and Thunderstorm Eleotrioit , by N. S. Shiahkin (1954, 280 pp.) Devoted primarily to physical processes occurring in clouds and to their mathematical treatment, and also to processes leading to forma- tion of precipitation (particularly in convective clouds). 4. Atmosfernyy led Jtmospheric log% by A. D. Zamorskiy (1955, 37/- pp.). - The most oomprehensive description of various forms of solid precipitation, their growth and destruction, their statistics, conditions for their observation and settling, *to. 0 - 2 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co.y Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RDP81 ninagpnno7nnicww., Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 P6 5 I. CLIMATOLCa General Problems, Instruction Manuals and Courses. In 1951-54, a number of articles, discussing the present7tatus of climatology and its development trends, were published. LT- 3B:7 An extensive discussion of the above problems took plaoe during a conference on climatology, organized in June 1953, by the Main Administration of the Eydrometeorologioal Service. The data reviewed at the conference were published in the form of a symposium entitled: "The Contemporary Status of Climatologioal Investigations and Their Development Trends," edited by M. I. Budyko, and published in 1954. Climatic Radiation Factors. In recent years, numerous investi- gations of the problem of climatic radiation factors were conducted, a considerable part of which was related to the study of radiation and heat balances. Charts showing components of radiation and heat balances for a number of territories were drawn up for the first time by members of the Main Geophysical Observatory Imeni A. I. Voyeykov. (41) - (50), (52), (57), (58), (60). This cycle of articles culminated in the publioation of an "Atlas of Heat Balance" (40), 2ontaining 66 world charts of average annual and monthly values of radiation and heat balm** components of the earth's surface. Maw' studies were devoted to the investigation of radiation and heat balances in. individual regtons with the aid of especially orgavized observations. Work performed by members of the Tashkent Geopndaical Observatory (36) - (39), (51), (53) - (56), (59), (61) - (63) forms an important part of these observations. In particular, the problem concerning differenoes in the heat balance of various types of basement surfaces, effect of irrigation, etc. was studied in detail. Circulation Factor. of Climates Humidi C ale. In recent years, researoh on c re at on actors o * ma e was oonsuoted both on the scale of the Northern Hemisphere (64). (65), (73), (74), (80), (83), (89), (100) - (104), (107) - (111), (113), (114), (120), (122), as well as along the line of study of separate regions or phenomena (66) - (69), (75), (76), (38), (92), (96) - (99), (105), (119), (121). - 3 - ??? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 The first group included a study of synoptic macro-processes in large areas of the globe and their conneotion with circulation indices, and an investigation of the role which these processes play in the formation of climate. The second group describes cir- culation factors which are responsible for general olimate charaoteris- tics in various areas of the Soviet Union, and also discusses the development of certain processes or phenomena (for example, dry winds) or certain weather and olimatio conditions (for example, precipitation in south eastern portions of the European territory of the Soviet Union. A great deal of attention was devoted to investigation of the humidity cycle, specifically having in mind the reckoning of its pg 6 possible modification in connection with work or ths climate transformation (70), (72), (77) - (79), (86), (87), d4, (91), (93) - (95), (103), (106), (112), (115) - (118), (123) - (126), (128). A large meeting, devoted to these problems, was held at the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Soleness, and the data discussed at this meeting were published in the press (181). Theorx of Climate. Changes and Variations in Climate. Research an the theory of atmospheric circulation was continued in the work dealing with the theory of climate (134), (142), (149), (150), (155). Proceeding from fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, a theoretical explanation of temperature distribution in the earth's atmosphere, of pressure and wind distribution, etc. was obtained. At the MANZ time, it was possible to evaluate the role played by various basement surfaces, albedo, effect of evaporation and con- densation, etc. Numerous investigations were devoted to olimatic changes during historical time and preceding epochs. Published works (129) - (133), (135) - (141), (143) - (148), (151) - (154), (156) gives data on brief variations and prolonged changes in the thermal regime and humidification conditions of various territories. The progress of general ?Janata warming during the past decade and the problem deal- ing with the start of a new period of climatic changes were studied in particular detail. Some of the studies listed make use of solar activity data in explaining the observed climatic changes (157) - (159). Climatic Factors of Natural Processes. The most of these works devoted to the study of climatic factors of natural processes examined the relationship between climatic conditions and the indices of hydrological processes: evaporation, drainage, intensity - 4 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Pg of snow melting, and others (161) - (164), (166), (167), (169) - (181). The relation between soil zones and climate was investigated in a monograph (185), published in 1953. The connection existing between olimatio conditions and overall geographical zonality was examined in studies (160), (168). Melioration of Climate. Inveatisation of Local Climate. A eon.. siderable number of climatologists in our country participated, in recent years, in a study of the hydrometeorologioal efficiency of meliorative measures. Specifically, numerous investigations were conduoted aimed at the study of the effects of irrigation upon the climate of the ground air layer. The following ref:torsi/ere examined: the effect of irrigation upon the radiation balance, various stages of thermal balance under different conditions of vegetation. soil temperatures, conditions in the ground air layer, early light frosts, duration of the growing season, ate., (182), (183), (188) - (191), (194), (196), (197), (200) - (203), (200), (208), (211) - (214), (217) - (219), (224) -(230), (235), (238), (239), (241) - (244). (249), (251) - (258), (266) - (268), (271), (272), (274), (275), (277), (285), (288), (289), (293), (294), (298) - (300), (302) - (304), (307) - (309). A number of studies investigated the effect of forest shelter belts upon the meteorological regime, turbulence and air oiroulation, characteristics of thermal balance, snow cover and soil temperature, duration of the growing season (184), (185), (187), (192), (193), (195), (198), (199), (204), (209), (215)# (220), (222), (223), (225), (226), (228), (231), (233), (234), (236), (237), (240), (245), (246), (248), (250), (259) - (264), (289), (270). (273), (2/6), (279) - (281), (283), (284), (286), (290) - (292), (295), (296), (301), (305), (306). Several investigations were devoted to the study of climatic changes occurring during drainage of marshy regions (188), (210), (221), (227), (278), (282). The above studies, as far as the method of investigation in concerned, are rather closely related to the study of the peculiarities of local climate in different geographical areas. A oonsiderable portion of such research was devoted to the study of looal climates of areas where meliorative measures are being carried out. roa1imato1oy. Pheaolocu. The soientifio work conducted in these field* hac ales.r y expressed practical objectives in view. All the studies concentrate from different directions on the problem of 5 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-0104nRnn97nn1annni 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 improving the development of agricultural crops and raising orop capacity. The topics studied included the connection existing between hydrometeorologioal and climatic conditions and individual crops, their crop capacity, areas of distribution, the effeot of certain adverse weather conditions on plant development, and general laws governing the interaction between climate and agricultural crops. Problems concerned with the effect of irrigated cultivated lands upon the climates of large regions, for instance in Central Asia, have been studied. (311) - (376). Investigations related to the rayon development of mineral- bearing and virgin lands in the oblasts of the USSR should be particularly noted. Extensive data on agroolimatic and water re- sources of rayons where virgin and mineral-bearing lands are under development have been processed. plimato ra h . Soviet olimatographic studies covered many sections of the globe, including the Antarctic. Various rayons of the USSR were studied in particular detail. Numerous climatic hand- books were published, containing digests of actual data. Detailed monographs or articles dealing with the climate of numerous sections of the USSR have been published. A study was made of the formation conditions of individual climatic and weather phenomena (377) - (425). Methods Used in Di satin and Gensralizin Observation Data. Problems connected with the tnermal balanue and its separate com- ponents occupy a prominent place among these investigations. The development of climatological computation methods for calculating thermal balance components is of particular importance. Methods for olimatographic processing of data are reflected in studies related to problems of complex climatology and mechanical data processing (426) - (449). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Aleksandryan G. A., "Certain. Observations on Problems of Climatology," Meteorologiya I gidrologiya gieteorology and Hydrologec No 12, 1952. 2. Alisom? B.F. "On Climate and Climatology," Meteorologiya i gidro1o0a,Lyeteorology and Hydrologe, RC 12, 1952. -6 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 3. Annoy, B. P., "On Soientifio Trends in Soviet Climatology and Their Practical Signifioance," yurosy geografii groblems of Goograple, Collection 28, 1952. 4. Arkhangel' skiy, A. 11., "On Certain Problems of Climate Evolution," Isveetiya Veaeouusnogo fieograficheskogo obshohestva jewel of the-III-Union-Geographical Society?, Vol. 85, io 4, 1653 5. Arkhangel/skiy, V. L., "On Development Trends of Soviet Climatology," Meteorolop.ya i gidrologiya ffeteorology and Hydrologi?", No 5, 1953. 6. Babenkov, Ye., F., "On the Problem of the Theory of Climate," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya glitteorology and Hydrolo, No 10, 1951. 7. Bagrov, N. A., "On Certain Problems of Climatology," (Pro- cessing of papers presented at the seminar of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 12 July 1951) Meteorologiya i gidro1ogi7a giteorology and Hydrologil, No 7, 1952. 8. Balabuyev, A. G., "Attempt at Establishing a Method for ' Climatic-Genetic Analysis," Trudy Institute geofiziki AN Gruz SSSR, jransactions of the Geophysics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian 5S/J7, Vol.-IS, 1953. 9. Borisov, A. A., "Definition of the Term 'Climate/ in Connection With the Development of Climatology in the Soviet Union," lzvesti a Vseso zno o eo.-rafiohesko o obshchestva jima of the 1-4Jnion Goographica Sooie Vol. 84, No 4 952. 10. Davitaya, F. F., "The Status and Development Prospects of Soviet Climatology," Meteoro1o4iya I jidrologiya Zieteorology and Hydrologi?", No 9, 1953. 11. Drozdov, O. A., "On the Status axil Long Range Prospects of Climatology," Meteorologiya Ig yirolgiyaffetoorology and HYdrolo No 12, 1952; NO 1* 1953. 12. Dubinskiy, G. P., "Meteorology and Climatology at Khartkov University" Uohen1ye zapiski Kharlkovskogo tuilversitets. goientific Notes of Kharkov niversitz/3 fol. 66, 1953. . 13. Yoshov, A. A., "On Climatology," keteorologiya I gidrolo;iya jig t e orol ogy and Ityth'ologf, No 5, 1963. - 7 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 8 14. Kostin, S. I., "Some Romarks on the Problem of Development of Climatology," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya LMoteorology and Hydrologi. No 5, 1953. 15. Kostin, S. I., "Foundations of Meteorology and Climatology." (Textbook for Forestry and Technioal Forestry Institutes), 2nd edition, 1951, published by the Hydrometeorology Publishing House (Gidrometeoizdat) 16. Kostin, S. I., "Foundations of Meteorology and Climatology," 3rd corrected and Supplemented edition, 1955, published by the Hydrometeorology Publishing douse (Gidrometeoizdat) 17. Kuvshinov, K. V., "All-Union Conference on Climatology," Izvestiya AN SSSR, Soriya geogratficheska a gows of the USSR Academy of geiences, Geographical psries , No 6, 1953. 18. Lebedev.L. A. N., "On Climatology." (Discussion), Met_eriza zp'ete or ?logy and Hydro1o47, No 2, 1952. 19. Maksimov, S. A., "P. I. Brounov, Founder of Agricultural Meteorology," (on the 100th anniversary of his birth). Edited by A. I. Rudenko, 2nd corrected and supplemented edition, 1952, published by Gidrometeoi zdat. 4, 20. Markov, K. K., "A. K. Voyeykov as Hiatorisn of the Earth's Climates," ,zvestiya AN SSSR, Seriya Geografioheskaya fiews of the USSR Academy of Soienoes, Geographical Barley, No 8, 1951. 21. Marker, K. 4., "Problems of Historical Climatology," (Paleo- olimatology), I zve sti AN SSSR, Sort a ?eocrafioneska a Zgews of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographica No 4, 51. 22. Novikov, A. G., "Climatology and Industrial Requirements," Meteorologiya I4?...drologiya oteorology and Hydro1o7, No 5, 1953. 23. "On the Present Status of Climatological Investigations and Trends in Their Development," (Data presented at a conference on climatology held at the Main Administration of the Hydrometeorologieal Service on 22-25 June 1953). Edited by M. I. Budyko, 1954, published by Gidrometeoizdat. (Main Administration of Hydrometeorologieal Service, Information Collection, Nos 3-4) . 24. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "on the Present Status of el i Ma tology," Izvestiya Vsesoyuzno o oo afiohesko o obshohestva iews of the All-Union ollographisa c ? , Vol. ff4, No 5, 1952. - 8 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/g ? CIA-R6P81-0-10:4-31?40077nn-i-annni 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 25. Pogosyan, lb. P., "On the Presont Status and Development Trends of Climatology. (Disoussion)." 1$101E2.21210;e_LsjusLut Lyeteorology and nydro1og No 1, 1952. 26. Ramenskiy, L. G., Tsatsenkin, P. A., and Rabotnov, T. A., "Concerning Agricultural Climatology," Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo geograficheskogo obshohestvaLTOWS of the All-Union Geographical Societ,z(, Vol. 84, No 5, 1952. 27. Rubinshtein, Ye. S., "On Development Tronds in Climatology," Meteorologiya 3. gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologg, No 11, 1952; No 1, 1953. 28, Rudanko, A. I., "Status, Significance and Problems of Soviet Phenology. Izvestiya Vsesoyuzno o -4so ? iohesko o obshohestvagews of the All-linion Geographical too e o . 8 29. Sapozhnikova, S. A., "Oa Climatology and Its Practical Application," Noteorolo&a i sidrologiya Lgetoorology and Bydrologg, No 1, 1952. $0. Selyaninov, G. T., "On the Climatologioal Study of the USSR (In reference to a disoussion of the present status of climatology)." Isvostiya Vsessoyusnogo geo raficheskogo obehohestvagews of the Union Geographical Waist , Vol. 84, No 1, 1952. 31. Tronov, M. V., "Problem of Glacial Climatology," Ibid., Vol. 85, No 3, 1953. 32. aromov, S. P., "Climate, Uacroolimate, Looal Climate, Microolimate," Ibid., Vol. 84, No 3, 1952. 33. Khromov, S. P., "On Causes and Factors of Climate," Ibid., Vol. 83, No 6, 1951. 34. Khromov, S. P., "On the Present Status of Climatology," Ibid., Vol. 83, No 2, 1951. . 35. Khromov, S. P., "On the Status and Problems of Soviet Climatology. Isvestiya AN SSSR, Soriya Geografiaheakeqa sews of the USSR Academy dr-Maness, Geographical &wily, No 3, 1952. 36. Aysenshtat, B. A., "On the Thermal Balance of the Basement Surfacas in Tashkent " Isveati Akadomii Nauk SSR. Seri eo-rafioheska geofisioheskaya ews of the US R Ace *my o Soienoes, Geographic and Geophysical Gerbig, No 1, 1951. - 9 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Rs 9 $7. Ayzenshtat, B. A., "Comparison of tho Compensation Bothod and of Gradient Methods for Determining Turbulent Thermal Flow, and Gemmel Characteristics of the Thermal Balance of semi-Desert Areas," Tru. lavno eofisichesko obesrvatorii Efransactions of the Main Opt sloal La orator No 39 101 955. 38. Aysenshtat, B. A., and Ageshina, Ye. I., "Some Results of the Study of Thermal Balance of the Active Surface in Tashkent," Tru Tashkentsko eofiziohesko observatorii jransaotions of the Tashkent Goophysio Observato 7? 5 6 951. 39. Ayzenshtat, B. A., and Zuyev, M. V., "Certain Charaoteristios of Thermal Balance in Sand Desert," Ibid., No 6 (7), 1952. 40. Atlas of Tb._.rmal Balance. Edited by M. I. Budyko, 1955 (5), 41 lithographic charts (Main Administration of Bydromoteorologioal Service of the USSR Council of Ministers. Bain Geophysical Observatory.) The Atlas oontains the following series of ohartss A - Total solar radiation - annual and monthly values for the surface of the earth. B - Radiation balance - annual and monthly values for the surface of the earth. C - Consumption of heat for evaporation - annual values for the surfaoo of the earth and moni;hly values for ocean surfaces. D - Beat, gained or lost by ooran su-faoem 48 a result of the action of sea currents - annual values. E Zvaporation - annual values for the surface of the earth and monthly values for (moan rfaces. In addition to charts showing consumption of heat for evaporation ad turbulent heat exchange, the Atlas contains graphs showing the annual progress of these values for various climatic land areas. The authors of the charts are M. I. Budyko, T. G. Barband and L. I. Zubenok? under the direction of Prof. M. I. Budyko. 41. Bozrukova, A. Ya., "The Effect of Solar Activity and of the Nature of Atmospheric Circulation upon Variations of Lake levels and Droughts," Trudy Laboratorii ozerovedeniya AN SM. graasaotions of the Liminology Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Soienoeg, Vol. 3, 1954. -10- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @P-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP8i_ninzvlpnno7nni Or-Int-14 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 4 42. Berlyand, T. G., "Annual Progress of Heat Advection in Certain Climatic Regions of the USSR. ?3,-lear2.131oia gsteorology and Hydrologi", No 7, 1951. 43. Berlyand, T. G., "Annual Progress of Total Solar Radiation Aaoording to Data Derived from Actual Observations," Trudy glavnoy 4eofizicheskoy observatorii ifiansaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory'', No 48 (I10), 194. 44. Berlyand, T. G., and Yefimova, N. A., "Monthly Charts of Total Solar Radiation and Radiation Balance on the Territory of the Soviet Union, Ibid., No 50 (112), 1955. 45. Borisov, A. A., "GeographiG Distribution of Radiation Balance and of its Components on the Territory of the USSR," Vestnik Leningradskogo unlversiteta, Seriya biologii? geografii solo ii &braid of Leningrad University, Biology, Geography and Geology Serie, No 10, 1952. 46. Bugayev, V. A., Dshordshio, V. A. and Dubentsov, V. R., -"On the Thermal Effect of Duet During Dust and Sand Storms," izvestiya AN SSR, Seri a geograficheskaya glows of USSR Academy of Scimaces, Geographical Serieil, No 3, 152. 47. Budyko, M. I., Berlyand, T. G. and Zubenok, L. I., 'The Thermal Balance of the Earthrs Surface," Ibid., No 3, 1954. 48. Vitelts, L. A., "On the Problem of the Relationship Between Precipitation and Solar Activity, Byulleten/ Kommissii po issledovani Solntsa Bulletin of the Commission for the Study of the S No 7 21), ITIM?Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Soleness 49. Gavrilova, M. X., "Radiation Balance in the Yakutsk Region." Vestaik Moskovskogo universiteta, Seriya fisiko-matomatioheskikh i estestvennykh nauk Zperald of Moscow University, Series of Physical- Mathematloal and Natural Scienoeilr, Issue 4, No 6, 1954. 50. Gayevskiy., V. L., "On the Problem of the Effect of Albedo in the Formation of Surface Radiation Regime," Trudy glavnoy goo- tizichesko observatorii Zfransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratoryj, Issue 39 (101), 1953. 61. Goysa, N. I., "Absorption of Solar Radiation in the Free Atmosphere in the Kiev Area," Trudy Ukrainsko o aauohno issledovitelt skogo gidrometeorologiohoskogo instituta LTranaaetions of the Ukrainian Salentine Research Hydrometeorologioal lastitutg, Issue 3, 1955. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ...I. ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 52. Kondratlyev, K. Ya., and Ter-Markaryants, N. Ye., "On the Daytime Progress of Albedo," Moteorologiya i gidrologiyagsteorology and Hydro1og7, No 6, 1952. 55. Lopukhin, Ye. A., "Intensity of Ultraviolet Radiations in Tashkent," Ibid., No 1, 1956. 54. Lopukhin, Ye. A., "Investigation of the Radiation Field in the Lower Part of the Troposphere for Clear-Sky Days over Tashkent," Trudy Institute matematiki I mekhaniki AN Uzb SSRffranaaotiona of the Institute of Mathematios arid Mbehanics of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Scieneeil, Issue 14, 1955 - Geophysics Section. 55. Mukhenberg? V. V., "Radiation and Thermal 6alanees in the Leningrad Region," Msteorologiya I idrologiya nieteorology and Hydrologg, No 4, 1953. 56. Myagkov, N. Ye., and Kapitonova, I. I. "Radiation and Thermal Balmnoes of Turkmenistan," Ibid., No 4, 1952. 57. ?guava, T. A., "Certain Peouliarities of Thermal Balance of the Active Surface (based on observations in Koltushi). Edited by D. L. Laykhtman 1955, published by Gidrometeolzdat. Main Adminis- tration of the Hydrometeorologioal Service of the USSR, Main Gee,' physical Observatory. 58. Sulakvelidze, G. K., "Albedo of Snow Cover." Isaly_Instituta geofiziki AN Gruz SSSR5ransaotions of the Geophysioa Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian 5827, Vol. 12, 1953. 59. Ulanov, Kh. K., "Total Heat of Solar Radiation in Riga," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyagoteorology and liydrolo7, No 10, 1952. 60. Yedoseyeva, A. I., "Albedo of the Earth - Atmosphere System and its Distribution Over the Globe. Trudy glavnoyoofizioheskoy observatorii 4fransactions of the Main Geophysical Laborator,e, Issue 41 (103, 1953. 61. Shoharbany, M. /., "Solar Radiation in Kiev," Trudy kievskoy geofisicheskoy observatorii jransaotions of the kiev Geophysical Observatory", Issue 1, 1952. 62. Yaroslavtsev, I. N., "Midday Values of the Intensity of Direct Solar Radiation in Tashkent," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya tool afgy and Rydrologg, No 5, 1952. -12.- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Pg 63. Yaroslavtsev, I. N., "Results of Solar Energy Reoordings in Uzbekistan." Extract from books Meteorology and Hydrology in Uzbekistan, 1955. 64. Andrianov, M. S., On Circulation Factors of ths Climate in the Western Oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR," (excluding the Trans- carpathian oblast) Uohenyye zapiski Livovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Scientific Notes of the Livov State University), Vol. 1, Geographic Collection, Issue 1, 1951. 65. Baydal, M. Kh., "Oa the Problem of zonal Circulation in the Atmosphere," Trudy kazakhstansko o nauohno-issledovateItsko o gidrometeorologioheskogo institute Transactions of the K,azekhetan &dentine Research Rydrometeorologioal Institut?, .Insue 3, 1954. 66. Baydal, M. Kh., and Serebryakova, A.A. "Climatic Peculiarities of Cold Waves in Kazakhstan During the Cold Period of the Year," Ibid., 7ssue 5, 1955. 67. Blyumina, L. I., "Analysis of the Recurrence of Certain Synoptical Processes," 1954, Published by Gidrameteolzdat. Hain Administration of the Hydrometeorologioal Service of the USSR (GUMS), Central Institute of Forecasts (TSIP). 68. Bregina, A. Yu., "Evaluation of the Transfer Speeds of Air Masses over the European Territory of the USSR. A000rding to Data of &trio Topographic Charts," Trudy glavnoypofizicheskor observatorii Tr-ransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratore, Issue 45 (101), 954t. 69. Bugivev, V. A., Dzhordzhio, V. A. and Petrosyants, M. A., "Additional Information About the Nature of tee Pre-Asiatic Law Pressure Area," Doklady Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR &ports of the Academy of &Aeneas of the Uzbek 8 No 10,950. 10 70. Budyko, M. I., aed brozdov, O. A., "Laws Governing the Moisture Cpl.' in the Atmosphere," Isvestiya AN SSR Seri a eo- rafioheekm&ws of USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Oeographioal Serie?, 71. Budyko, M. I. and Drozdov, O. A., "On. Laws Governing the Moisture Cycle in the Atmosphere," Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR &ports of the USSR Academy of Soienees(, Vol. 90, No 2, 1953. ?15? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 4. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Me 72. Burtsev, A. I., "Elements of the Moisture Cycle in the European Territory of the USSR," Trud Tsentralyno o Institute TSIP giansactionx of the Central Forecasting Institute Issue 38 (35 1955. 73. But, I. V. and Perelet, G. I., "On the Problem of the Dynamios of Dry Winds and the Possible Role of Vertical Velocities in the Formation of Dry Winds," Tz'udy Odessko o idrometeoro1og&ohesko institute ffransaotions of the Odessa Hydrometeorological institute lame 7, 1955. 74. Bykov, V. V. and Mashkovich, S. A. "On the Charaoteristios of Zonal Circulation in the Atmosphere," Meteorolotsiya i gidrol%iya geteorology and Hydrologib No 2, 1956. 76. Vitvitskiy, G. N. "The nature of Dry Rinds." From the books Mioroolimatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," 1953. 78, Vitells, L. A., "Calendar Peculiarities in the Intensity Fluctuations of Ioelandie and North...European Cyolones," Izvestiza AN SSR, Seriya eo4rafioheskayaiews of USSR Academy of Sciences, - Geographical Seri.y, No 4, 152. 77. Vitel/s, L. A., "Annual Course of Lae Precipitation Abnormalities," idro1ogiya and 4ydrologg, No 3, 1952. 78. Vitolls, L. A., "The Equinoctial Effect in Precipitation Abnormalities and its Frequent Annual Changes,* Ibid., No 6, 1952. 79. Voroblyeva, Ia. V. and Zgurko, V. B., "The probability of Precipitation Depending on the Synoptic Conditions, Temperature, and Air Humidity during the Warm Season in the Southern Part of the European Territory of the USSR,* Trudy alavnoy 40ofizioheskoz observatorii jransactions of the lain aeopfiysiaai Laboratorld, Issue 0 (107)? 1954. 80. Vulifson, N. I., "Circulation Factors of Drought in the Lamm?Volga Region, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia," lzvostiya AN SSR, s Seriy:/pesraficheskva g, '61. 76, No 2. 1952.ews of USSR Academy of &lioness, Geographical Serie SI. Gal/tsov, A. P., "Conferment)* on the Problem of the Moisture Xole in the Atmosphere,* Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya gejraficheakva es of USSR Academy of Soienoes, Geographical Series' , No 6, 1962. ? 14 ? r.nnv Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 82. Gelimgoltts, N. F., "Aerological Analysis of Atmospheric Drought in Western Kazakhstan," Trudykasakhstansko o skogo ransaotions WiliirkSoientiTisakhstaeli-Hy4:?I------l?rosteteoroogioal Institut?, Issue 5, 1955. 83. Gin, A. A., "On the Problem of the Study of General Cir- culation in the Atmosphere," Isveeti a AN SSR Seri a eo renal-wake a of USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Geographical Series No 4, 1955. 84. Girs, A. A., "Certain Peculiarities of Synoptic Processes in the Arctic and their Connection with the General Circulation in the Atmosphere," Trudy lavno eofiziohesko- observatorii ffrans- actions of the Main Geophysical Laborato Issue 5U-(I15), 1956. 85. Gins, A. A., "Properties of the Planetary High-Altitude Frontal Zone Peculiar to the Principal Forms of Circulation," Mateorologiya I gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologg No 1953. 86. Grigoeyeva, A. A. "Moisture Cycle during Different Years In the South of the European Territory of the USSR," Trudy glavnoi eofizioheako observatorii diensactions of the Main Geophysical La rato ? Issue 50 1955. 87. Grigortyeva, A. A., "Certain Peouliarities of the Moisture Cycle in the South of the European territory of the USSR during Various Years," Ibid., Issue 45 (107), 1954. 88. Dzerdseyevskiy, B. L., "Preliminary Data on the Circulation of the Atmosphere during Dry Wind Days in the Caspian Sea Region," From books Mioroelimatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland, 1953. 89. Dsordzwevskiy, B. L. and Moan, "Type Diagrams of General Atmospherio Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere and the Circulation Index." Isvesti a AN SSR, Seri :eo:rafiehis a gewe of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical Series No 6, 1954. 90. Drosdov, O. A., "Data on the Moisture Cycle in the European Territory of the USSR and Central Asia," Trudy glom-no), geofisicheakey obeervatorii gransactions of the Main Geophysioal Laboratory], 91. Drosdov, O. A., "On Differences in Temperature and Humidity Values in the Free Atmosphere During Days with Precipitation and Days Without Precipitation." Ibid., Issue 50 (112), 1955. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release - 15 50-Yr 201 4/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 92. loveorm, P. K., "On the Nature of Summer Dry Winds in the South-eastern European Territory of the USSR," Isvestiya AN SSR, Serlyaporafiahsekaya sews of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographioal Series/, No 2, 1954. 93. Zhakov, S. I., "Certain Data on the Origin of Atmospheric Precipitation During the Summer Period in the Lower-Volga Region," Isvesti a Vs's? rao o ioo rafichosko o obshohestva ews of the ion Geograp ioal Sooiet ?o . 84, Issue 162. 94. Zhakov, S. I., "On the Study of Geographical Peculiarities in the Origin of Atmospheric Precipitutions." Ibid., Vol. 83, Issue 2, 1951. 95. Zavarina, M. V., "Variations in the Beat end Uoisture Content of an Aerial MASS Moving Over a Uniform Basement Surface," Trudy glavnof eofiziohesku observatorii ffransactions of the Main *ueophysioal Laboratorxi, Issue 48 (110), 1954. 96. &marina, M.V,. "On the nature of Dry Winds. Critical Review of the Literature," Ibid., Issue 30 (92), 1951. 97. Zavarina? U. V., "Dry Winds of 1949. (Aerologio-Synoptio Analysis)." Ibid., Issue 36 (98), 1952. 98. &marina, X. V., "Dry Winds in the Southeast of the European USSR." From Books Nicroolimatio and Climatic Investiga- tions in the Caspian Lowland. Uosoow, 1953. 99. 2avarina, M. V., "Cold Dry Wind," Prirodagaturg, No 12, 1955. 100. Isayev, E. A.. "Synoptic Processes over the Atlantic Ocean and Eurasia." Edited by O. A. Deosdova. Published by Gidromoteoisdat, Leningrad, 1955. 101. Kats, A. L., "Quantitative Characteristic/a of Rorixontal Components of General Atmospheric Ciroulation in the Northern Hemis- phere. Noteorologiya i,gidrolotiya Potiporology and Ilydrologg No 2, 1065. 102. Kurganskaya, V. M., "Characteristics of Drought Periods from the Standpoint of GenorarAtmospherio Circulation." Irvestiya AN SSR Sdoriya geografiohoskayaffiews of USSR Academy of Scienoss, ographisa Serie!(, No 2, 1063. -16- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release k21:LYr 2014/05/2 ? nn,1-7nn ^ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 103. Minina, L. S., "Change in the Moisture Content of an Air Mass Under the Action of the Basement Surfaos," Meteoroloiye 4idro1ogiyaj6teoro1ogy and Bydrologec No 5, 1955. 104. Mikhell, V. M., "On the Problem of Motion and Capacity Changes of Bario Areas." Trudy glavnoy eofiziohesko observatorii ffrans- actions of the Main Geophysical Laborato Issue 66 giu, 1956. 105. Mishutin, D. A., "Dry Atmospheric Fronts in the Southern Ukrainian steppes," Meteorolool,ra i idrolo i a geteorology and Hydrologe, No 6, 19 . 106. Orlova, V. V., "Moisture Cycle During the Growing Season of a Drought Year in Western Siberia as Related to the Ori in of Precipitation," Trudy glavnoy eofiziohesko observatorii rens- actions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory/, Issue 50 (m), 1955. .107. Pagava, S. T., "Reaurrenoe of Certain Types of Synoptic Processes," !..TITIlat211_11..1...elo/!....jay:gorteorology and Bydrologe, NO 6, 1951. 108. Patrosyants, M. A., "On the Problem of Formation of the Siberian Antioyolone." Doklady Akacitnii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR geports of the Academy of Sciences or the Uzbek SSW, No 2, 1951. 10S. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Intensity of Inter-latitudinal Exchange of Air Masses During Different Seasons," Meteorolo4iya I0.drologya, gilateorology and Bydrologe, No 6, 1954. 110. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Planetary Frontal Zones in the Northern and Southern Bomisphores," Published by Gidromoteoizdat, 1955. Mein Administration of the Hydrometeorologioal Service of the USSR (GUGMS). 111. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Seasonal Changes of Planetary Frontal Zones," Meteorologiya i gidro1og4wLffeteoro1ogy and Hydrologe, SO 4, 1954. 112. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Diagram of Moisture Cycle in the Ateosphere," (Discussion). Isvestiya AN SSE, Seri a eo afiohes a gown of USSR Academy of Soienees, Geographica No 5, 1952. 113. Pokravskaya, T. V. and Rubinshtein. Ye. S., "On the Problem of the Study of Heat Exchange Between Oceans and Continents," s.)2,.../.2_.oi.aMetsoz Lfil...drologiya geteorology and 10dro1oge, No 3, 1955. -17- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 114. Polosova, L. G., "Characteristics of the continental Nature of Climate," Isvestip Vessoyumnogo geuraficheskogo obshohestva gees of the All-Union Geographical Societyl, Vol. 86, No 5, 1954. 115. Rakhmanov, V. V. "An Artificial Diagram of the Moisture Cycle," (Discussion). Ibid., Vol. 66, No 20 1954. 116. Rakhmanov, V. V., "The Extent of the Action Exerted by Forests on the Moisture Cycle in the Atmosphere," Ibid., Vol. 85, No 1, 1953. 117. Rudakov, V. Ye., "On the Problem of Internal Moisture Cycle," Les i step' ffoods and Steppog, No 3, 1953. 118. Eutkovskiyi.V. I., "Intra-oontinental Moisture Cyole," Voprosy geografii /Problems of Geographg? Collection 28, 1952. 119. SOMOUOT, V. G., "Meridional and Latitudinal Synoptic Processes over Europe During the Winter Months," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorology and HydrologyJ. No 8, 1953. 120. Semenov, V. G., *On the Connection Between the Intensity of Atmospheric Circulation and the Temperature of the Basement Sur- Laos," Ibid., No 1, 1952. 121. Sokolov, I. F., "On the Problem of the Meteorological Criterion of Dry Winds in Monsoon Climate, Ibid., No 1, 1954. 122. Usmanov, R. F., "Oa Causes Leading to Formation of a Planetary Frontal Zone and a SubtreNpical High Pressure Belt," Ibid., No 3, 1963. 123. Khromov, S. P., "Oa the Problem of the Origin of Precipi- tation in the Lover Volga Region," Isvestiya Veesoyusnogo gwografiohes- kojko obshchistvaLieews of the All-Union Geographioal Sooiste, VOI. 85, Issue 1, 1963* 124. 'thruway, S. P., *Kith Reference to the DiJOU4SiOU on the Internal Moisture Cycle (in the Atmosphere)." Ibid., Vol. 63, Issue 5, 1951. 125. Tsinserling, V. V., "Naturall on the Climate of the USSR." (Report Council of the Geographical Institute in May 1952). Isvesti a AN SSR Seri USSR Academy of So enoes Geographic Water Gyoles and their Effeot at the Meeting of the Scientific of the USSR Academy f &donee* a eo ranchos 6-16wit of Series ? No 5 52. -18- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R0o77nniqnnni _7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 126. Shvets, M. E., "On the Problem of the Moisture 2yele in the Atmoephore," Tru&y glavnoyeofiziebesko obeervatorii 7ransaotiona of the Main Nonphysical Laborato Issue 33 (93 1952. 127. Shvets, M. E., "Peculiarities of Atmospheric Movements in the Equatorial Region." Ibid.. Issue 33 (95), 1952. 128. Shipchinskiy, A. V., "On the Problem of InternallMoistUro Cole," (Discussion). Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geograficheskaya &awn of USSR Academy of Soienoes, Geographical Serielys No 6, 1952. 129. Abramovich, D. I., "Secular Variations in Humidification of Western Siberia and Methods for Their Moderation," Trud1 Tran ortno.- enorgeticheskogo instituta 2apadno Sibirskoe Miele AR SSSR rans- actions of the Transport and Power Engineering Institute of the Western Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Scienceg, No 3, 1952, Novosibirsk. 130. Anosova, L. S., "Changes v. Ice and Thawing and Freezing Periods of the Western Dvina River as a Function of Climate Warming" Meteorologiya i gidrologiyaffeteorology and Hydrologg, No 6, 1955. 131. Arkhangellskiy, V. L.. "On the Problem of Climate Fluctua- tion," Ibid., No 9, 1952. 132. Bezrukova, A. Ya., *The Effect Exerted by Solar Activity and the Nature of Atmospheric Circulation upon Variations in the Levels of Lakes and upon Droughts. Trudy Laboratorii ozerovedeniya AN SSSR piansaotions of the Liminology Laboratory of the USSR Academy of oence17, Vol. 3, 1954. 133. Berg, L. S., On the Problematic Drying-Up of Steppes and Deserts," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya keografioheskayagfews of USSR Academy of &steno's, Geographical Seriey, No 5, 1953. 134. Blinova, Ye. N., "On the Problem of Pressure Determination at Sea Level," Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR frteports of the USSR Aoademy of Scieneeg, Vol. 92, No 3, 1953. 135. Bonchkovskaya, T. V., "Certain Characteristics of Atmospheric Monsoon Activity," Trod Moskovsko dezichesko o institute grans- actions of the Moscow Geodetic Institute - MG 1 Vol. 4, 1954. 136. Borisov, A. A., "Did the Climate of Leningrad Change?" (Leningrad State University), Leningrad, 1953. -19- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 PS 12 137. Borisov, A. A., "Climates of Crimea during Various Geologioal Periods," irretnik Lenin radsko o universiteta Seri a biolo ii I Iierald of Leningrad Univorsity, Biology, Geo- graphy and Geology Seriwg, Issue 2, No 4, 1955. 138. Buohinskiy, I. Ye., "Did the Climate of the Ukraine Change during the Period of Hiatorioal Time?" Izveatiya Vsesoyuznogo goo - graficheakogo obahowstvaffews of the All-Union Geographioal Sooietg, Vol. 85, No 1, 1953. 139. Buohinskiy, I. Ye., "On the Problem of Climatic flhatIce in the Ukrainian SSR during the Period of Historical Time," lAtt2atol.paaya gidrologiya teorology and Hydro1o7, No 5, 1952. 140. Buohinskiy, I. Ye., "Data on the Climate of the Northern Bleak Sea Area in Ancient Times," Trudy Ukrainskogo nauohno-laaledovatelt skogo gidrometeorologioheskogo institute LTransactions ot the Ukrainian Scientific Research Bydrometeorologioil Inetitut!?, Issue 1, 1954. ? 141. Buohinskiy, I. Ye., "Sketohes on the Climate of the Russian Plain. During Bistorioal Times,* published by Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1954, 142. Bykov, V. V., "On the Problem of the Effect Exerted by Mountains on Pressure Changes in the Central Troposphere," Mateorologiya, I gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologg, No 4, 1955. 143. Griohuk, V. P., "The Drought Period in Post-Glacial Times on the Territory of the European USSR" (according to micro aleo- botanical data). Voprosy geografii bleats of Geograp Collection 24, 1951. 144. Drozdov, O. A., "On the Conneetion Between Relative Humidity and the Amount and Probabilitiof Precipitation," Trudy Alavnoy geofizieheakoy obeervatorii aransaotione of the Main Geophysical Laboratord, Issue 50 (112), 1955. 145. Maksimov, I. V., "The Eighty-Year Cycle of Climatic Varia- tions of the Earth." Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSRLEeports of the USSR Aoadamy of Seienoeg, Vol. 66, No 5, 1952. 146. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Seasonal Variations in Total Atmospheric, Circulation," Trud Tsentralino o Inatituta (TSIP) gransaetions of the Central Foreoast netitute ssue x, 1947. 20 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Central Asia Dry Up?" grafii , Collection 24, 1951. yoplr0473y. Kro.b, ia"mDoseos fMGeidodlerapanbed 148. Pidopliohko, I. G. and Makeywv, and Landsoapes in the Light of Data From Geography," Institut zoologii AN Ukr SSR Aeadany of Sciences or the Ukrainian Se P. S., "On Past Climates Paleozoology and Physical Zoology ntitute of the Issue 1, 1952, Kiev. 149. Rakipova, L. R., "The Average Annual Zonal Distribution of Temperature in the Earth's Atmosphere," Trudy glavnvleoftzioheskoy observatorii Z"fransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratore, Issue 33 (95), 1952. 150. Rakipova, L. P., "The Average Annual Zonal Temperature of the Earth's Atmosphere and its Determining Factors," Ibid., Issue 41 (103), 1963. 151. Rubashev, B. M., "Secular Changes in the Earth's Rotation Speed and Certain Characteristics of General Circulation of the Earth's Atmoisphere in the Geological Past," Izvesti Vseso sno.o oo rafiohes- ,IETE!22:92m1.2Ltirligems of the All-Union Geographical Boa* Vol. 83, Issue 2, 1951. 152. Rukhin, L. B., "The Climates of The Past," Ibid., Vol. 87, Issue 2, 1955. 153. Sokolov, A. A., "Reduction in the Duration of Ice-Cover in Conneotion with the Warming of Climate," Prirodagaturil, No 7, 1955. 154. Khromov, S. P. and Eygenson, M. S., "Zonal Peculiarities of General Ciroulation in the Earth's Atmosphere, Geoid Critical Parallels of and Solar Activity," Tsirkulyar No 28. Astronomicheskeya, observatoriza L'vovskogo universiteta ifiroular No 26. Astronomic Observatory of the I. Universite, 954. 155. Shvets, M. Ye., "On the Bydrodynamio Theory of Zonal Atmospheric Circulation," Trud larno oofizichesko observatorii firansactions of the Main Geophysical Laborator ? Issue 41 103 1953. 156. Shullgin, L. M., "On Changes of Climate in the Town of Barnaul," Izvestiya Vsecoyuznogo geografioheskogo obshohestva germ of the All-Union Geographical Sooietz(0 Vol. 85, Issue 1, 1953. 157. Eygenson, M. S., "Briknerts Cycle and Solar Activity," Byulletent Kommitsii ye iaa1edovaniii Solntsa gulletin of the Commission for the Study of the St1, No 7 (21), 1951. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ?21- 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 168. Bygenson, M. S., "Geophysical Manifestations of the Centennial Cycle of the Sun's Activity," Izvesti a Vseso zno o ?eo rafichesko o obshohestvagews of the All-Union Geographical Sooiet Vol. 83, Issue 1, 159. Eygenson, M. S., "On the Possible Nature of Paleoolimatio Changes," Ibid., Vol. 85, Issue 4, 1953. 160. Alisov, B. P., "The Problem of Latitudinal Climatio Zoning," Vestnik Moskoyskogo Universiteta, Seriya fiziko-matamaticheskikh i estestvennykh nauk HeraldL of Moscow University, Series of Physical- Mathematical and Natural Science17? Nos 3 and 5, 1953. 161. Berlyand, T. G., "On Changes in the Moisture Content of the Soil and in the Thermal Balance During Drought Years." Trudy3lavnoy geofizioheskoy observatorii ffransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratorzi, Issue 29 (91), 1962. 162. Budyko, M. I., "Climatic Conditions for Humidification on , Continents," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya gi.b.rafichesk No 2, 4, 1955. 163. of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical Series 163. Budyko, N. I., "The Climatic Factors of Drainage," Problemy fizioheekoy geografii ZFroblems of Physical Geographil, Vol. 16, 1951. 164. Budyko, M. I., "On Transformation of Solar Energy on the Earth's Surface," IsvestiyaAN SSR, Seriya grfrafiobearagews of USSR Academy of Sciono6s, Geographical Series , No 1, 1954. 165. Vblobuyev, V. R., "aoils and Climate," Institut poohvovedeniya I agrokhimii. AN Azerb. SSR, Baku Zrnstitute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry - Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaydzhan SSR, Bekg, 1953. 166. Gnedin, N. D., "The Spring and Summer Temperature Regime of Soil on Slopes According to Their Exkosure," Trudy Chuvashskogo xellsko-Khozyaystvonnogo Institute Ztransaotions of the Chuvash Agri- cultural Instituty, Vol. 2, 1951. 167. Demohenko, L. N., "On the Problem of Evaporation from. Water Surfaces on the Plain Territory," Meteorologiva I idrolo,giyagoteor.. ology and ydrolog, No 10, 1952. 168. Zhegnevskaya, G. S., "On the Problem of Climatic Bumidifioa- tion Factors in the Southern Part of the European USSR," Izvestiya Voissoyuznop pografioheskogo obshchestva sews of the All-Union Geographical Societe, Vol. 86', Issue 6, 1954. -22- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 169. Zubenok, L. I., "Determination of Evaporation in Drought Regions of the USSR," Ibid., Vol. 86, Issue 6, 1954. 170. Zykov, I. V., "Why Zmeinoye Lake dries up." Ibid., Vol. 86, Issue 3, 1954. PS 13 171. Ivanov, N. N., "Determination of the Magnitude of Evaporation," Ibid., Vol. 86, Issue 2, 1954. 172. Ioganson, V. Ye., "Experiments in the Study of Evaporation in the Caspian Region." From book: "Mioroolimatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland." Moscow, 1953. 173. "Investigations on Snow Melting, Infiltration and Dynamics of Moisture in Soils," edited by P. P. Kuemin. Published by Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1951. Main Administration of the Hydrometeorologioal Service of the USSR (GUMS). Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Gidrologicheskop institutaaransaations of the State Hydrological Institut2/, Issue 32 (86). 174. Komarov, V. D., "On Processes of Snow Thawing in the European JSSR." Meteorologiya I gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrologg, No 1, 1951. 175. Smolyakov, P. T., Kozhevnikov, Z. P.0. Kolobov, 14, V. and Fedotov, E. D., "The Orographic Factors in the General Ciroulation of the Atmosphere," Uohe, pa za iski Kazansko o osudarstvenno o ? universitetagoientifio Notes of the Kazan State Universi Vol. 111, Book 5, 1951. 176. Puzanov? V. P., "On the Complex Manifestation of Thermal Effects in Nature," Vestaik Moskowiskigo Universiteta, Seriya fiziko- temkhiestestvekhnaukLlierald of Moscow University, Series or Soiencleg, Issue 8, No 12, 1954. 177. Raspopov, LP., "Problems of the Moisture Cyole in Subsoils of the North-Western Section of the Caspian Lowland." Izvestiya VsesokruznosolooloPraficheskogo obehohestvaLriews of the All-Union Geographieal Societil, Vol. 86, Issue 2, 1954, 178. Rubinentoiu, Ye. S., "The Effeot Exerted by Distribution of Oceans and Land on the Earthls Surfaee Upon the Air Temperature." Ibid., Vol. 85, Issue 4. 1955. - 23 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 179. Shultgin, A. U., "Climate of Soils in the European USSR 2onality, Isvestiya AN SSR, SoriyAyAgews of USSR Academy of Soleness, Geographical Series , No 6, in Connection with Soil " .:/geografiches 1955. 180. 180. Shultts, V. L., "Evaporation and Condensation on the Sur- face of snow Banks during their Thawing Period," Isvestiya Uzbekskogo filiala geo4raficheskoge Obshohestva SSR frown of the Uzbek Branch of the Geographical Association of the US gra Vol. 1 (22), 1955. 181. Shullts, V. L. and Shalatova, L. I., "On the Relation Between Intensity of Snow Thawing and its Duration," Doklady Akademii NTUzbekskoy SSR porta of the Academy of Scienoes of the Uzbek SS , No 12, 1952. 182. Alpattywv, S. M., "Irrigation as a Method for Combating Drought in the Irrigation Region," Trudy Konferentsii p0 vo rosu vodnogo khozyaystva Ukrainyjransac ions of Conference on the Water Economy of the Ukraine, Kiev, 1952. 183. Andrianov, M. S., "Wioroelimatio Peculiarities of the City of Lvov," Uohenyys sapiski Ltvovskogo gesudarstvennogo universiteta joiontific Notes of Ltvov State Universiti.(rV41. 18; Geografioheskiy sborak jeographic Colleetiog, Issue 1, 51. 184. Arkhipova, Ye. P., "The Effect of Arrest Belts upon the Temperature Regime of Soil," Trud lava() eofizieheskov observatorii 7iaasaotions of the Main Geop si rate ssue S6 (98), 1962. 185. Arkhipova, Ye. P., "On the Problem of Soil Temperatures in Forest Cultivation Areas," Ibid., Issue 30 (92), 1951. 186. Arkhipova, Y8. P., "The Temperature Regime of Soils in Reolaimed Marshes," Ibid., Issue 49 (121), 1955. 187. Arkhipova, Ye. P., "Soil Temperatures in Forest Belts and in the Fields," Ibid., Issue 44 (106), 1954. 188. Arkhipova, Ye. P. and Glebova, M. Ya., "The Mioroolimatie Peculiarities of an Irrigated Field," Ibid., Issue 38 (98), 1952. 189. Arkhipova, Ye. P. and Glebova, U. Ya., "Some Data on the Climate of an Irrigated Field," Meteoro1o4Va I gidrologiya aeteorology and *drologe, NO 6, 1952. -24- npnlassified in Part - Sanitized COPY Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 189a. Babushkin, L. N., "Moteorologioal Faotors and Plants," Trudy Sredneaziatskogo Universitet* gransaotions of the Central Asia Universitzi, issue II, 195$. 190. Beresneva, I. A. and Dantlova, L. P., "The Effect of Plain Elevation on Precipitation and Moisture Cycle." Trudy glavnoy geofizicheskoy observatorii ffransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory!, Issue 45 (107), 1954. 191. Blagoveshohenskiy, E. N., "Investigations on Soil Moisture In the Eastern Kara-Kum." Izvestiya AN Turkmen SSSR sews of the Academir of Sciences of the Turkmen sssy, No 4, 1952. 192. Bobrov, V. Ya and Shohitov, A. S., "About One of the Causes of Dry Winds in the Western Pre-Caucasus," Priroda gatur27, No 1, 1954. 193. Budyko, "Changes in the Thermal Balance during Realization of Stalin's Plan for the Transformation of Nature." Meteorologiya i rit.dr,o,.logiya..Seteorology and Hydrologil, No 12, 1951. 194. Budyko, N. I., "The Effect of Meliorative Measures Upon Evaporability, Izvestiya. AN SSR, Seri/a geograficheskaya gews of USSR Aoademy of Scienoes, Geographical Soriey, lio 1, 1051. 195. Budyko, U. I., "The Ilydrosteteorological Elf latency of Field- Protective Forest Belt Cultivation. Theses of a Report," :Voprosy. geografii ffroblems of Geography7, Collection 23, 1950. 196. Budyko, M. I., Drosdov, 0. A. and Yudin, N. I., "On the Problem of Quantitative Calculations of Changes in Natural Conditions." Izvestiya AN SSR, Soriya pografieheskaja Ziews of USSR Academy of Zoienees, GeograAioal Serie.il, No 2, 1951. ** 197 at bottom 198. Budyko, M. I. and Yudin, M. I., "On Setting up Experimental Investigations of the Meteorologioal Efficiency of Field Protective Forest Belts,* Trudy ELlavnoy goofizieheskoy observatorii Zirraneactions of the Main Geophysical LaIxsratoryl, Issue 29 (9'1), 1952. 199. Budyko, N. I. and Yudin, M. I., "On Setting up Experi- mental Investigations for the Study of Turbulence in Regions of Field Protective Forest Belts," Meteorologiya Igidroloam LKeteorology and Bydrologg, No 5, 1951. 200. Budyko, U. I., Yudin? N. I. and Yakovlerra, N. I., "Evapora- tion from Irrigated Sections and Evaporability," Ibid., No 1, 1954. *4;197. Budyka, M. I. and Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Changes of the Climate in the Ground-Surface Air Layer Luring Melioration of Drought Regions," Priroda gature..7, No 5, 1954. 20 r Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043Rnn97nn1 annni _7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 201. Buohinskiy, I. Ye., *The Effect of Law Elevations Upon Precipitation," Ibid., No 6, 1953. 202. Buohinskiy, I. Ye. "Relief and Preapitations." Izveatya Vsesoyuznop eo4rafichaskoso obshohestvagews of the All-Union Geographioal ScieT, Vol. 66, Issue 2, 1954. pg 14 203. Vasillyev, I. S., "Soil Freezing and Thawing in the Moscow Region," Poohvovedeniye oi1 Soienag, No 9, 1952. 204. Bernatskiy, D. P., Vinokurova, M. K., Kaganov, M;. A., Rozhanskaya, A. D., Chudnavskiy, A. F., *Effect of Forest Belts upon Microolimate," Lea i Ste, goods and Steppegc No 1, 1952. 205. Volevakha, N. M. and Polovko, I. K., "The Mioroolimate of Ponds, Wator Reservoirs and Irrigated Sections in the Southern Ukraine." Trudy Ukrainskego nauohno issledovatellskogo gidro- meteorologioheskogo instituta aransaations of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Bydrometeorologioal Institutg, Issue 1, 1954. 206. Vorontsov, P. A., "Aerologioal Conditions of Arid Periods During the Summer of 1951 in the Emmennaya Steppe," .Trudy glavney geofizicheekoy observatoriiffransaotions of the Main Geopnysieal Laboratoril, Issue 36 (98), 1952. 207. Vorontsov, P. A., "Breezes of the Tsimlyansk Water Reservoir," Dodd., Issue 54 (116), 1955. 208. Vorontsov, P. A., "Vortical Air Movements during the Summer in the Tsimlyansk Water Reservoir Area," Ibid., Issue 56 (118), 1956. 209. Vorontsov, P. A., "Study of Wind Gusts over Forest Belts." Ibid., Issue 38 (100), 1953. 210. Vorontsov, P. A., "Investigation of Air Motion Trajectories and of Night Radiation Inversion over Seaters in Various Stages of Reclamation," Ibid., Issue 49 (111), 1955. 211. Vorontsov, P. A., "Certain Problems of Local Air Circula- tion," Ibid., Issue 54 (116), 1955. 212. Vorontsov, P. A., "Experimental Investigations of Air Currents over Forest Bolts and Intorbelt Strips in the Kamennaya Steppe," Ibid., Issue 32 (94), 1952. -26- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 213. Vorontsov, P. A., "Peculiarities of Local Winds in the Erlbrus Region," Ibid., Issue 32 (94), 1962. 214. Vorontsov, P. A. and Kazakov, L. A., "Peouliarities of the Wind Regime over a Cotton Oasis and a Semi-Desert," Ibid., Issue 39 (101), 1953. 215. Galakhov, N. N., "The Effect of Forest-forming Species upon Thawing of the Snow Cover." From book: "Problems of Snow Studies and Utilization of Snow in the National Economy," Moscow, 1955, published by the Geographical Institute of the USSR Academy of Soien5ws, _ 216. Galakhov, N. N., "Relation Between the Course of Individual Meteorological Elements and the Weather." From book: "Mieroolimatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," Moscow, 1963, published by the Geographical Institute of the USSR Aoademy of Sciences. 217. Gal'tsov, A. P., "Drought and its Prevention." Nauka zhizni goienoe and Lig, No 8. 1955. 218. GalItsov, A. P., "Haw a Drought Originates and Drought Preventive Measures," Popular-scientific lecture. (Kolkhos Series). "Pravda," 1951. 219. Galftsov, A: P., "On Climatic Interaotion Between Irrigated and Nonirrigated Areas," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geograficheskeya 616ws of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical Serits/c No 3, 1953. 220. Glebava, M. Ya., "Some Peculiarities of the Temperature Regime and Air Humidity in Afforestation Areas and in Fields." Trudy glavnoy eofizioheskoy observatorii ransaotions of the Main Geop sioal La ratorje, Issue 30 (92), 1961. 221. Glebova, M. Ya., "Results of Expedition Observations of Air Temperature and Humidity in a Reclaimed Marsh." Ibid., issue 49 (11)0 1955. 222. Glebova, M. Ya., "Air Temperature Field Protective Forest Belts." Ibid., Issue 36 (98), 1952. 223. Glebova, M. Ya., "Air Temperature and Humidity in Forest Belts During the Growing Season." Ibid., Issue 44 (106), 1954. 224. Gnedin, N. D., "Spring and Summer Temperature Regime of Soil in Slopes According to their BJ, sure." Trudy Chuvashskogo sellsko-Khozya stvenao o Institute ransaotions of the Chuvash Agri- oulcural Insti uty, ViL. 2, 1961. -27- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 225. Golubova, T. A., "Certain Peculiarities of Air Humidity in Forest Belts." Trudy glavnoy goofizicheskoy observatorii gransaations of the Main Geophysical Laboratoril, Issue 36 (98), 1952. 226. Golubova, T. A., "Radiation Regime Inside a Forest Belt." Ibid., Issue 36 (98), 1952. 227. Golubova, T. A., "Radiation Balance of a Dry Gap and of Various Sectors in a Reclaimed Marsh." ibid., Issue 49 (111), 1955. 228. Golubova, T. A., "Radiation Regime under the Tree Tops of Forest Bolts," Ibid., Issue 44 (106), 1954. 229. Golttsborg, I. A., "Early Frosts in Reclaimed Marshes," ibid., Issue 49 (111), 1955. 230. Golltsborg, I. A., "Changes in the Duration of the Frost- free period on Inter-strip Fields." Ibid., Issue 36 (98), 1952. 231. Golitsborg, I. A., "Usteorologioal Efficiency of Blown Forest Belts of Various Structure.* Ibid., Issue 44 (106), 1954. 232. Golltsberg, I. A., "Uidroolimatio Peculiarities of Reclaimed Marshes,* I.t.oro1oiya and Rydrologe, No 2, 1955. 233. Golltsberg, I. A., "Air Humidity and Evaporation in Field Protective Belts.* Trudy glavnoy geofiziohoskoy observatorii gransactions of the Main (oophysical Laboratorx(, Issue 29 /91), 982. 234. Turbulenoe 235. Storms in Soioncg, Gol.taberg, I. A., *Expedition for the study of Atmospherie in Field Protective Belts,* Ibid., Issue 29 (91), 1962. Gribanov, L. N., *On Understanding the Nature of Black the Kulunda Steppe of Altay Kray,* Poohvovedeniye goil No 9, 1954. pg 15 236. Gurevioh, M. l*, *The Effect of Forest Belts upon Snow- Retaining Capacity under Conditions Prevailing in the Kamennevi. Steppe," Trudy Gosudarstvennor gidrolosioheekogo ins#tuta Lfrans- actions of the State Hydrological Instituty, Issue 34 (885, 1952. 257. Deryabin, D. I, "Distribution af Winter Preaipitation and Accumulation of Moisture Reserves in Forests and in Fields. (Central Volga Region)," Lesnoxm Khozyaystvo gbrest &moose, No 2, 1952. 238. Dzerdzeyevskiy, B. L., "Methods of Changing the Climatic Conditions in the Caspian Region." av_oLt.i.e....ANeriaso- - 28 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 aficheskaya gews of USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical Serieg, o -1, 1952. 239. Dzerdzeyevskiy, B. L., "Thermal Balance and Microclimate of Estuary and Dry Steppe in the Caspian Region." Ibid., No 2, 1954. 240. Dzetavskiy, B. V., "Theoretical Fbundationa for Measuring Mioroolimate by Means of Afforestation Belts," aornik trudov Novooherkasskogo inzhenerno-meliorativnogo institutaipollected Works of the Novocherkassk Engineering Melioration Institutg, Vol 5, 1955. 241. Drozdov, A. 0., "Certain Peculiarities of Moisture Cycle in Connection with Meliorative Measures," Trudy glavnoy geofizicheskoy observatorii gransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratoril, Issue 36 (98), 1952. 242. Dubinskiy, G. P., "Mioroclimate of the Kamensk Irrigated Mountain Range," Trudy Ukrainskogo nauchno issledovatelgskogo gidrometeorolegiohesko o instituta LTr1act10ns of the Ukrainian Soientifio Researoh Hydrom.teorologloal Institutii, Issue 3, 1955. 245. Dubinskiy, G. P., "Mioroolimatio Cross Section of the Dnepr River Valley in the Kakhovka Region," Uchenyye zapiski Khaekavsko o universiteta &tontine Notes of Khartkov Universitz7, Vol. 56, 1956. 244. Dubinskiy, G. P., "Askaniya-Nova Steppo-oasis." (Essay on Preliminary Microolimatio Charaoterization). Ibid., Vol. 56* 1956. 245. Yevdokimov, K. T., "On Snow Retarding Aotion of aind- Blown Forest Belts," Les i Step' &oda and Steppeg, No 1, 1953. 246. Yefimova, N. A., "The Effect of Forest Belts upon Air Temperature and Humidity in Fields Located Between the Belts," Trudy dammoy eofizichexkoy observatorii Lsnsaotiozz3 of the Main Geophysioa La ratorie, Issue 44 (1-05), 154. 247. Zavarina, U. V., "Drought and its Prevention," Geografgiz &blishing House of Geographical Literaturil, Moscow, 1954. 248. M. I. Budyko, O. A. Drozdov, M. I. LIvovioh, Khs P. Pogosyan, S. A..Sapozhnikova, M. I. Yudin, "Laws Governing Changes in Climate During Execution of Stalin's Plan for the Transformation of Nature," Voprosy 4wo4rafii groblems of Geographe, Collection 28, 1952. -29- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 249. U. I. Budyko, O. A. Drozdow, M. I. LIvovich? Kh. P. Pogosyan, S. A. Saposhinikova, lato I. Yudin, "Changes in Climate Connected With the Plan for Transforming the Nature of Arid Regions in the ussa," edited by Kh. P. Pogosyan. Published by Gidrome.-^4,,A,?+, Leningrad, 1952, 250. "Investigations on Changes of the Hydrometeorologioal Regime Under the Action of Protective Field Afforestation," edited by P. P. Kuzfnin. Published by Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad. 1952. GUGMS.; Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Gidrologiohesko o institute g-rans A - actiors of the State ydrologioal Institut2i? Issue 3 8 . 251. Isherskaya, Ye. V., "Some Observations on the Looal Climate in the Volga River Valley." Prom book: "Microclinmtio and Climatic: Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," Moscow, 1953, Geographical Institute and Forestry Institute of the USSR /Wade/Ay of &fiances. 252. Kirillova, T. V., "The Effect of Irrigation upon Radiation Characteristics of the Active Surface," Trudy glavnoz geofizioheskoy observatorii gransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory(' Issue 37 (99), 1952. 253. Kirillova, T. V. and Nesins, L. V., "The Effect of Irrigation upon Changes in the Components of Thermal Balance in a Wheat Field," Ibid., Issue 55 (115), 1955. 254. Koldomasov, L. I., "Properties of Droughts and Dry Winds in Western Siberia and Methods for Their Prevention," All.-Union Association for the Dissemination of Political.' and" Scientific Knowledge, Novosibirsk Section, published by the Novosibirsk State Publishing House, 1951. 265. "Composite Expedition for Hydrometoorologioal Service in Pakhta-.Aral During the Summer of 1952," edited by D. L. Laykhtaan, published by Gidrometooisdat, Leningrad, 1955. GUGMS? Main Administra.., tion of the Hydrometeorologioal Servioe of the USSR; Trudyslsrnoy geofizioheskey observatorii ffransaations of the Main Geophysical Laboratory/, Issue 39 (101). 266. Kondratlyev, K. Ya. and Manolova. U. P., "On the Problem of Supply of Dispersed and Total Radiation on the Surface of a slpps." Meteoro15147211.1a:5216121g4teorology and Hydrology?, No 6, 1965. 257. Kondratlywv, K. Ya. and Podoltakaya, E. L., "The Effeotive Radiation of Slopes," Isvesti a AN SSR Seri so retches a J6ws of USSR Academy o a ones., Geograp i.e Series No 4 953. 30 Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release p 50-Yr2014/05/29 CIA RDP81 nin&Ipnno 7nnicinnn4 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 258. Konstantinov, A. R., "The Effect Upon Atmospheric Pre- cipitation of Complex Measures for the Trensformation of Nature," Neteorologiya Isidrologixa geteorology and hydrologe, Mo 8, 1952r. 259. Konstantinov, A. R., "Evaluation of the Effect Exerted by Protective Field Afforestation Upon Atmospheric Precipitation," Trudy Gosudarstvennogo idrolo* iohosko o institute ifransactions of the Stat. Hydrologioa InStIssue 34 (86), 1952. 260. Konstantinov, A. R., "Computation of Evaporation from Ag-ricultural Fields, Taking into Account the Effect of Forest Belts," Ibid., Issue 34 (88), 1952, 281. Konstantinov, A. R., "Computation of Wind V elooitie s in the System of Protective Field Afforestation." MeteoroloAiya 3. dro 1 c)4. ya , No 12, 1951, 262. Kopanev, I. D., "The Effect of Protective Field Forest Belts on Distribution of Sam Cover in the Arid Zone of the European USSR." Edited py M. I. Budyko, published by Gidrometeoisdat, Leningrad, 1955. GUGMS; Trudj Go sudarstrannogo Gidro1o4icheskogo institute jransaotions ot the Stat. ILyttrologieel Institut.!(', Main Goophysioal Observatory. 263. Kopenev, I. D., "The Effect of Forest Belts on Snow Retention," Trudy 41arnoy goofizioheskoy obeervatorii iensactione of the Main Geophysical Laboratoril, Issue 44 (106), 154. 264. Kopenev, I. D. "Snow Deposits Near Forest Belts of Various Structure," Lesnoys Khozyaystvo gorest Boonome, No 12, 1954. 266. KO Still, S ? I "Climatio Conditions in the Region of the Tsimlyansk Water Reservoir," Nauchnyy. Zapiski Voronezhskogo lesokhozyeystvennogo institute irientifio Notes of .014, Voronezh Forest Eoonomy Institutly, Vol. 3, 1952. 266. Krylov, P. A., "Dry Winds in the Volga Region." Izvestiya AN SSRiL Seriya geograficheskeya golfs of the Aoademy of Sciences, Goographioal Serioy, No 5, 192. pg 16 267. Laykhtman, D. L., Ogneva, T. A., "Experimental Data on the Effect of Irrigation Upon Changes of Turbulent Exchange in Lower Air Strata." (According to data of the Pakhta-Aral Expedition). Tru -lava() eofiziohmako- observatorii gransaotions of the Main eophysic La ra o Issue 3 0 ), 1953. ? 31 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 CIA-RDP81-01043R0077nn1annn1 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 268. Laykhtamn, D. L. and Tseytin? G. Kh., "Temperature Changes in the Ground Surface Layer of the Atmosphere During Irrigation." Ibid., Issue 39 (101), 1953. 269. LIvovioh, M. I., "Changes in the wind and Water Regimes of a Territory Resulting from Agricultural and Forest Melioration," Trudy Institute goografii AN SSRZfransaotions of the Geographical Institute of the USSR Acadeby of Soienoeg, Issue 64, 1955. 270. Livovich, M. I., "Investigations on the Hydrometoorologioal Effect of Protective field Afforestation," Trudy Gosudarstvennogo gidrologichoskop institutajransactions of the dtate Hydrological Institutil, Issue 54 (88), 1952. 271. Lyakhov, M. Ye., "Microolimetio Observations in the Chernyy Yar Rayon of Aetrakhan' Oblast' " From books "Mioroollmatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland." Moscow, 1953. 272. Data From the Expedition into the Kamennaya Steppe," edited by O. A. Drozdov, Trudzgtlavnoy pofizioheskoy obeervatorii gransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratoril, Issue 40 1102), 1953. 273. Matyakin, G. I., "Forest Field-Protective Belts and Nicroolimate," published by Geografgiz, Moscow, 1952. 274. Mikhaylenko, N. N. and Prikhottko, G. F., "Some Woroclimatio Peouliarities of a Humidified Ravine," Trudy Ukrainskogo nauohno - issledovatel'skogo gidromotoorologioheskogo institute Lranaaotions of the Ukrainian Scientifio Aestearch Aydrometeorologinal Institutg, Issue 1, 1954. 275. Uolchanav, L. A., "Expected Changes in Climatic and Hydrological conditions in Central Asia Resulting nrom the Develop- ment of Irrigation in its Southern Section." Izvestila Uzbekskogo filial& geovaficheskogo Obshohestva SSR gems of the Uzbek Branch of the Geographical Association of the USS87, Vol. 1 (22), 1955. 276. Nolohanov, L. A., "The Role of Field-Protective Forest Belts in Increasing Humidity of Fields by Snow Aooumulation." Ukrainskogo nauchno issledovateltskogo zidrometeorologioheskogo inst tuta rensactions of tfis Ukrainian Scientific, Reeeareh Hydro- ' ?"1"671"-met.00 oal Institutg, Issue 3, 1955. -32- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001gonn1 -7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 277. Morozova, M. I., "The Role of the Phonological Effect Exerted by Mountain and Valley Circulation in the Formation of the Temperature Regime in the Angren Valley." From book: "Meteorology and Hydrology in Uzbekistan," 1955. 278. Arkhipava, Ye. P,, Glebova, M. Ya., Golubova, T. A. and Ramonova, Ye. N., "Certain Thermal Balanee Data in a Reclaimed Marsh and in a Dry Gap," Trudy 41avnoy geofizioheskoy observatoriifrans- actions of the Main boophysioal Laboratorz(, Issue 49 (111),1955. 279. Poltaraus, B. V., "The Effect of Field Protective Forest Belts on Air Temperature."12a....jorf_a_k_eorafiiffroblems of Geographer, Collection 28, 1952* 280. Popov, V. P., "Changes in the Agrtoultural Climate of. Steppe and Forest-Steppe Rayons in the Ukrainian SSR, as Related to the Execution of Stalin's Plan For the Transformation of Nature," from book: "SyMpoaium of Transactions at the Conference on. Water Resources in the Ukraine," Kiev, 1952. 281. Romanava, Ye. N., "The Effect of Forest Belts on the Vertical Structure of Wind and Turbulent Exchange." Trudy glavaoy geofiziobeskoy observatorii gransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratore, Issue 44 (106), 1954. 282. Romanova, Ye., ItinypeilitiowilaFa Reclaimed Marsh and in a Dry Gap," Ibid., Issue 49 (111), 1955. 283, Romanova, Ye. N., "The Effect of Forest Belts on Turbulont Exchange," Ibid., Issue 36 (98), 1952. 284. Rutkovskiy, V. I., "Dynamies of Climate on the Pease.- Kamensk State Protective Forest Belt Line.' From book: Transactions of a ComplAz Scientific Expedition for the Study, 4-A" vt.,113.ir:#4uotivoi Afforestation," Vol. 2, Iczur; I. lezz. 285. Sambikin, M. M. and Suvorova, N. D., "Dry Winds of Stalin- grad," Stalinvadskiye when ? zapiski Stalingradskogo gosudarstvennogo podaegioheskor institute. talingrad Scientific Motes of th4, Stalin- grad State Pedagogical Institut22c 1955. 286. Sapozhnikova, S. A., "The Problem of Standardization in Afforestation as a Factor Affecting Climate," Trudylavno to- fizioheslx7 observatorii ransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato , Issue 30 (92J, 1951. -33- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 287. Saposhnikova, S. A., "The Mioroolimate of Irrigated Fields (Air Temperature and Humidity, Soil Temperature). Ibid., Issue 45 (107), 1954. 288. Saposhnikova, S. A., "Some Peculiarities in the Climate of Oases Under Conditions Prevailing in Central Asia," Ibid., Issue 30 (92), 1951. 289. Sapozhaikova, S. A., "On the Climate of Oases Under Conditions Prevailing in Central Asia," Meteorologiya I. gidrologiya jeteorology and Bydrologe, No 3, 1952. 290. Smallko, Ya. A., "Wind Protective Zones of Forest Belts of Various Structure," Isvestiya AN SSR, Seriya gsograficheskaya 2.116we of the Academy of Scienoes, Geographical Sorieg, Mo 5, 1952. 291. Smallko, Ya. A., "On the Problem of Variations in Absolute Air Humidity in Forests and Fields Sheltered by a Network of Forest Belts." Ibid., No 3, 1952. 292. Smaltko, Ya. A., "The Effect Exerted by Protective Forest Belts in Changing the Mioroolimato of Fields Located Between Belts Under Various Weather Conditions," from book: "Transactions on Agricultural and Forest Melioration," Kiev, 1952; Ukrainian Scientific- Research Institute for Agricultural and Forest Melioration and Forest Economy. 293. Smirnova, N. V., "Climatic Sketch of an Area of Activity Covered by the Expedition in the Pakhta-Aral Sovkhos." Trudy glaInoy -eofisichesko observatorii grans:Lotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato Issue 952. 294. Smolyakov, P. T., "Climate of Tataria as Related to the Creation of the Kuybyshev Sea." Uehenyys sapiski Kasanskogo gomudarst- vennop universitetacientifia Notes of the Kazan State Universitzt, Vol. 111, Book 7, 195L 295. Sobolev, L. N., "Results of Observations on the Volume of Snow Cover in Various Vegetation Habitats in the Forest-Meadow Belt of Northern Tien-Shan. Geopaficheskiy sbornik geographioal Collectiog, Vol. 4, 1954. 296. Sumarokov, V. S., "The Effect of Forest Belts on Snow Thawing and Surface Drainage." Les i Step/ goods and Stoppg. No 1, 1952. -34.- 11 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 17 297. Sus, N. 1., Golubeva, N. A., and Androsava, T. P., "Improvement of Microolimatio Conditions in the Steppe for Pramating_the Growth of Young Tree Plantings," Meteoralogiya i gidrologiyageteorology- and Rrdro1og, No 6, 1954. 298. Temnikova, N. S., "Dust Storms in Stalingrad Oblast'," Ibid., No 1, 1955. 299. Temnikova, N. S., "A Rare Case of Ground Inversion,' Ibid., No 2, 1953. 300. Treshchevskiy, V. O., "The Effect of Agrioultural Crops on Microolimate," Ibid., No 1, 1958. 301. Troitskiy, N. A., "The Effect of Green Vegetation an Urban Climate," Isvestiya Krymskogo atrial& Geo&rafioheska o obshchestva SSSR jaws of the Crimean Section of the OSSR Geographio sAtitlieV Issue 3, 1954. 302. Fedorov, Ye. Ye. and Chubukav, L. A., "Formation of Arid Weather and Methods for iheir Possible TransformatioaL! Problemy fisioheskoy geo4rafii froblems of Physical Geographx(, Vol. 18, 1951. 303. Felidman, Ye. I., "Some Results of Microolimatie Investi- gations in the Caspian Lowland." Fran books"Mioroolimatic and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," Moscow, 1953. 304. Feledman, Ya. I. and Chubukov, L. A., "Climate of Arid Regions of the USSR and Methods for its Improvement," Mosoaw, 1956; published by the USSR Academy of Sciences, Scientific-Popular Series. 305. Khromov, S. P. "Climate in Stalin's Plan for the Trans- formation of Nature,' Vt.ltnik Lenin radskop Universitetagerald of Leningrad UniversitW, No 4, l91. 306. Tsuberbiller, Ye. A. and Belukhina, O. V., "Weakening of Dry Winds under the Action of Forest Belts," Trudy Tsentraltnogo Institute TSIP jransactions of the Central Forecasting Institut, Issue 41 ( 1956. 307. Chudnovskiy, A. F., "Microolimate and Thermal Balance of an Irrigated Field," from book: "Mioroolimetic and Climatic Investi- gations in the Caspian Lowland," Moscow, 1953. 308. Shullgin, A. M., 'The Distribution Pattern of the Snow Cover in Fields," from books "Problems Related to the Study of Snow and its Utilisation in the National Economy," Moscow, 1955. - 35 Am ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81 ninLy1Pnn97nniannni 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 309. Yastrebova, O. P., "Climatie Characterization of the Area Occupied by the Onokhaysk Selection Station," Transactions of the Onokhaysk State Soleotion Station during 1938 - 1949, Issue 1, 1951. 310. Budyko, M. I., "The Thermal Balance of the Earths s Surface," published by Gidrometeoisdat, 1956. 311. "Agroclimatio and Water Resources in Regions of Develop- ment of Virgin and Mineral-Bearing Lands." Edited by F. F. Davitaya, published by Gidrometooizdat, Leningrad, 1955, Main Administration of the Bydrommteorological Servioe of the USSR (GUGMS). 312. "Agroolimatio Conditions in Regions of Development of Virgin and Mineral-Bearing Lands." Edited by F. F. Davitaya, published by Gidrometooizdat, Leningrad, 1954, Main Administration' of the Bydrometeoralogioal Service of the USSR (JS). 313. "Agroolimatio Handbook for tae Moscow Oblast" puZlished by Gidrometeoisdat, Leningrad, 1954. Main Administtation of the --Byidrometeorological Service of the USSRk(GUGMB); Moscow Administra- tion of Hydrometeorologioal Service. 314. Aysenshtat, B. A., "Hydrometeorologioal Effieiency of Irrigational Agrioulturs in the Golodnaya Steppe," from Books "Hydrometuorology Helps the National Economy," based on data pre- sented at a conference on 24-27 March, 1954, in Tashkent. 315. Aysonshtat? B. A. and Zuyev, M. V., "Certain Peculiarities of the Meteorological Regime in Cotton Fields in the Semi-Desert during the Autumn Period." Trudy glavno geofiziohoskey observatorii cf7ransactions of the Main Geophysiosa Laboretorf, Issue 39 (Ali, 953. 316. Aleksandrova, A. G. and Chuykova, A. T., "Agroclimatio Characteristics of Gremyaohinskiy Rayon," from book: "The Nature and the Economy of Gremyaohinskiy Rayon in Voronezh Oblast," Voronezh, 1953. 317. Allayasov, A. K., "Estimate of the Suitability of the Climate in the Lower Amu-Darlya River for Cotton Growing," Sbornik studenoheskikh rabot Sredneasiatsko o gosudarstvennop universIteta 2po11ected?Taint Works of the Central Asian State thiversite, Issue 5, 1953, Tashkent. 318. Alpattywr, A. N., "Evaporability as an Approximate Index of Agricultural Crops Grown in Water," Meteorologiya gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrology?' No 5, 1952. -36- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 319. Alpat'yev, A. M., "On an Index of Drought," Ibid., No 4, 1955. 320. Akhmedov, G., "Certain Properties of the Mioroolimate of an Alfalfa Field." from book: "Meteorology and Hydrology in Uzbekistan," Tashkent, 1955. 321. Babushkin, L. N., "Agrometeorologioal Evaluation of Seasons," Trudy Tashkentskoy geofizioheskoy observatorii gransaotions of the Tashkent Geophysical Observatoril, Issue 6 (a), 1954. 322. Babushkin, L. N., "Agromateoro1oGica3 nbservations in Rice Fields," Ibid., Issue 8 (9), 1954. 323. Babushkin, L. N,, "The Method of Agroolimatic Division into Distriots in Uzbekistan," Trudy Srednea-geograficheskiye nauki, 19.114e,2, 1951 gransactions of the Central Asian State University, New Series, Issue 28, Geographic Sciences, Book 2, 19517. 324. Babushkin, L. N., "On the Sawing Periods of Grain Crops on a Hill of Uzbekistan," Trudy Tashkentskoy goofizicheskoy obaervatorii gransaotions of the Tashkent Geophysical Observatorii% Issue 8 (9), 1954. 325. Babushkin, L. N., "Air Temperature and Humidity in Cotton and Lucerne Fields under the Conditions of Irrigational Economy in Uzbekistan," Ibid., Issue 7 (8). 1952. 326. Babushkin, L. N., "On Agroolimatic Peculiarities of Pamir," Trudy Srednea-Feo raficheakiyo naukil knio 2, 1951 jransaations of the Central Asian Stat. University, New Series, Issue 28, Geographic Sciences, Book 2, 195g. 327. Babushkina, N. N., "Temperature Regime of Soil in Soil under Alfalfa Crops During the Autumn Period." Trucly Tashkentakoy geotisicheskoy observatorii 4Transaotions of the Tashkent Geophysical Observatoril? Issue 7 (8), 952. pg 18 328. Babushkina, N. N., "Certain Peculiarities of the Temperature Regime of Soil in a Cotton Field," Ibid., Issue 7, 1952. 329. Brileva, N. A., "The Effect of Residual Grass Among Agricultural Crops Sown on Forest Bolts on the Thermal Regime of the Air Ground Surface Layer,* Trudy lavnoy eofizicheskv observatorii ffransaations of the in Geophysical LaboratorV, Issue 36 (98), 1952. -37- I. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 330. Verigo, S. A., Mostindkaya, S. B. and Razumova, L. "The Moisture Supply of Spring Wheat in an Area of Development of Virgin and Mineral-Bearingiamds." Meteorologiya i gidrologiya goteorology and Hydrologi , No 5, 3465. 331. Veselovzorov, R. D., "Computation of the Period Between Corn Sowing and Maturing Based on Air Temperature," Ibid., No 12, 1952. 332. Galakhov, N. N., "Pre-Spring 'Sunburn' of Wood Plants," Prirodagaturg, No3,1955. 333. Dzerdzeyevskiy, B. L., "Meteorologioal Peculiarities in Virgin and Mineral-Bearing Lands of Altay Kray and Northern Kasakhstan During 1954,"z?)._.__I.IlsvestiaANS8SR?eco:-?erafiohesjiews of the Academy of Soiaeoghioarap?es..-NO-2--,--1955. 334. Dolgashev, V., "Autumn. Frosts and Plants," Isvestiya Vsesoyusnogo geograficheskogo obshohestvaNews of the All-Union Geograihical Sooiotd, Vol.-85, Issue 2, 1953. 335. Zinina, A. F. and Fel"dman, Ya. I., "Microolimatio Conditions in Areas of Tea Cultivation in the Northern Fbothills of Krasnodar Kray During Wintertime," Izvesti a AN SSR Seri a geografioheskaya ging'', of the Aeadegy at Soienoes, Geographioal Serieil, Mb 1, 335. Zinina, A. F. and Felldman, Ta. I., "Mieroalimatic Con- ditions in Areas of Tea Cultivation in the Kuban' During Summertime," Ibid., No 5, 1955. 337. Zubarev, N. A., "Meteorological Peculiarities of Regions of Development of Virgin and Mineral-Bearing Lands," from book* "Assistance to Agricultural Specialists in the Development of Virgin and Mineral-Bearing Lands," Moscow, 1964. 338, Zuyev, M. V., "Formation of an Air Temperature Inversion over a Cotton Field," Tru Tashkentsko eofisichesk observatorii 4ansactions of the Tashkent Geopllysioal Observato Issue 8 954. 339. Zuyev, M. V., "Mioroolimate Formation in a Cotton Field," Tashkent, 1955; AN Usb. SSR Institut satoslatiki i mekhaniki obademy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Institute of Mathematics and Mochaniag. 359a. Zuywr, M. V., "Mioroolimate Formation of Cotton Fields," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1956. -38- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ????? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 4 340. Zuysv, M. V. an4 Chertis.nava, N. A., "Certain Peculiarities of the Microelimmte of a Cottnn Field," from book: Hydrometeorology Helps the National Economy, on data of a conference held on 24 - 27 March, 19534, in Tashkent, 1954. 341. Oblast'," formed at 1952. 342. Kabanov, P. G. "'Weather Conditions in 1950/51 in Saratov from book. "Brief epert on Scientific Research Work Per- the South-Eastern Agrimatural Institute in 1951," Saratov? Kirillov, T. V., "The Thermal Balance in a Wheat Field." Voteorolo Eajaiidoloiageteorology and Hydro1o4g, No 2, 1955. 343. Klyuohnikov, Yu. I., "The Agroclimatio Potential for Expanding Sowings of Winter and Spring Wheat in North-Eastern Kazakhstan2 T.L.A...fart;flil_CazhstVoroeolakanaffeographic Problems of Kazakhstay, Issue , 9 . 344. Kopyt? A. D., "Characterization of the Soil Humidity Reserves Available Under Principal Agricultural Crops in Grain Regions of Kazakhstan." Trudy Kazakhatanskop nauchno - issledovatel, akogo gidroneteorolofillts!IEEo institute LTransaotione of the Kazakhstan Scientific Research Ily-dr-om?ateorological Institutg, Issue 4, 1955. 345. Kulik, M. S., "Certain Indices for the Evaluation of Drought Phenomena," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologg, No 9, 1952. 346. Kulik, M. S., 'On the Evaluation of Drought Phenomena," Ibid., No 1, 1952. 347. Kurguzov, Ya. V., "Agroolimatic Conditions in the Bashkir ASSR," published by Bashgosizdat Oashkir State Publishing Housg, Ufa, 1952. 346. Lyatkovskiy, A. K., "Sequence of Phonologioal Phases in the 'Unshiul tangerine under Conditions Prevailing in Western Georgia Dependirn Meteorologiaal Fectors," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Institute (TSIP) Transaotions of the Central Forecast-in-Institut?), Issue 37 (64), 1954. 349. Mostinskaya, S. B., "Agrometeorological Conditions of the Growth of Spring Wheat on the Irrigated Territory of the Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Development*" Ibid., Issue 29 (56), 1953. 350. Mostinskaya? S. B., "The Soil Humidity Regime of Principal Crop Rotation Fields Under Conditions of Protective Field Afforesta- tion in the Trans.-Volga Area," Ibid., Issue 33 (60), 1954. -39- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 351. Okushko, A. A., "Agrameteorologioal Desoription of Winter-. ing Conditions of Winter Crops on the Irrigated Territory of the Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Development," Ibid., Issue 29 (56), 1953. 352. Ostroumov, S., "Climate and Agriculture in the Irkutsk Oblast'," published by Oblgosizdat 61.1ast* State Publishing Housil, Irkutsk, 1951. 353. Pavlovskiy, Ye. S., "Nature of Microolimatio Conditions in Forest Belts in the Corridor Method of Oak Tree Growing," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya asteorology and Hydro1ogy7, No 2, 1956. 354. Petelin, B. M., "Soil-Climatic Conditions of the Oblast'," published by Oblizdat Lalast, Publishing Houog, Vladimir, 1951; Oblast' Agricultural Administration. Aloksandrovsk Selection Station. 355. Protserov? A. V., "Desoription of the Drought Occurring During the Growing Season of Agricultural Crops on the Irrigated Territory of the Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Development," Tr....1...AE Tsentral'no o Institut& (TSIP)fransaotions of the Central Fore- casting Ins itutil, Issue 29 (6's), 1953. pg 19 356. Rozhanskaya, O. D., *Computation of Total Evaporation from Irrigated Fields under Grain Crops.* from books "Mioroolimatio and Climatio Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," Moscow, 1953. 357. Rusin, N. P., *Physioal and Meteorological Conditions of Dry Winds in Aricultural Fields,* Trudy glavnoy eofizicheskol, obeirvatorii flrauaactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory"; Issue 53 (lisT, 1955. 358. Sabinina, I. G., *The ffeat of the Temperature Factor upon the Unfolding of the First Leaves of the Mulberry Tree in the Springtime Under Conditions Prevailing in Uzbekistan,* Trudy Tsentral, noe Instituta (TSIP) ifransactions of the Central Forecasting Institutil, Issue 37 ( 4), 1954. 359. Samokhvalov, N. F., "Agroolimatia Basis for Determining the Period of Spring Field Work in the Virgin Land Devolopment Areas of Northern Kazakhstan,* Trudy Kazakhstanskogo nauchno issledovatel" akog9idrometeorolo iohesko o institute LTransaations of the Kazakhstan Soent fiolifesearoh Hydrame oiirgria artitut27, Issue 4, 1955. 360. Selishohenskaya, A. A., "Roview of Autumn Phonological Observations During 1950," Isvestiya Vsesoyuznogo pograficheskoga obshohestva flows of the All-Union Geographieal Societe, Vol. 83, Issue 4, 195 40 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Pad- Sanitized Cop Ap roved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 361. Solishohenekaya, A. A., "Review of Phonological Observa- tions during the summer of 1950." Ibid., Vol. 83, Issue 1, 1951. 362. Temnikova, N. S., "Frosts on Pura Fallow Land and Residual Grass Land," Meteorologiya igidrologVa, eteorology and Hydrologg, No 5, 1965. 363. Terent'yeva, N. L. and Gurinova, L. V., "The Effect of Forest Field Protective Belts on Soil Fertility in Areas Located Between Belts," from books "Transactions on Agricultural and Forest Melioration," Kiev, 1952; Ukrainian Scientific-Research Institute for Agricultural and Forest Melioration and Forest Economy. 364. Tyurin, A. V., "Seasonal Development of the Oak Tree and of its Companions in the European USSR," published by Goslesbumisdat qntate and Paper Publishing Housg, Mosoow-Leningrad, 1954; All- ion Scientific Engineering and Technioal Society for Wood Industry and Wood Economy, Public University. 365. Ulanova, Ye. S., "Agroolimatio Conditions of the Autumn Development and Growth Period of Winter Crops in. Western Siberia," Moscow, 1954; GUGMS Main Administration of the Hydrometeorological Servioil and TSIP Central Weather Inetitutg. 366. Fedoseyev, A. P., "On the Problem of Agroolimatio Condi- tions for Cultivation of Sown Grass in the Semi-Desert Zone." Trud Kasakhstanskogo nauohno ? issladovateleskogo gidrometeorologiches- kogo institute 40ransaotions dif the Kazakhstan Scientific Research Hydrometeorological institutg. Issue 4, 1955. 367. Famine, N. A., *Elements of the Radiation and Thermal Balanoes in a Cotton Field,* Tashkent. 1954. Trudy Srednea- eo raficheski e nauki kni a 2, 1951 gran:motions of the Central Asian State 1iv.raity, 141w Series, Issue 28, Geographic Sciences, Book 2, 19527, Issue 58, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Book II. 368. Tsuberbiller, Ye. A. "Agroclimatio Characterization of Dry Winds on the Irrigated Territory of the Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Development,* Trudy Tsentraltnogo Institute (TSI!) 5ransactions of the Central Forsoasting Institut!/, Issue 29 (56), 953. 369. Tsuberbiller, Ye. A., and Krasnitskiy, G. A., "The Action of Low Air Humidity on Wheat Growth under Artificial Irrigation," Ibid., Issue 37 (64), 1954. -41- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RnPRi_ni R rino7 rIn Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? 370. Akinovich, T. I., "The Altitude of Tropopause over the Southern Part of the European USSR During the S ji ring Season," Trudy Odesskogo gidrometeorolo-icheskogo institute Transactions of the Odessa 4ydrometeoro1ogic Institut!(,c Issue , 1955. 371. "Aotinometrio Rand Book," edited by Prof. I. N. Yaroslavtsev, Administration of the Bydrometeorological Service of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, Geophysical Observatory. Issue 1: 1953; Issue 2: 1954; Issue 3: 1956. 371a. Alisov, B. P., "Climatic Regions of Foreign Countries," published by GeograftAz, 1950. 372. Antonov, V. S., "Cliwatio Zonixiof Tuve," Izvestiya VAesoyuznogo eografioheskogo obshohestva pews of the All-Union Geographical Sooi.til, Vol. 86, Issue 6,, 1954. 373. Arkhipova, Ye. P., "Temperature Charts of the Surface of Barron Soil," Trudy glavnoy 4eofizioheskoy obsorvatorii gran:motions of the Main Geophysical LaboratorW, Issue 45 (let), ).964. 374. Babushkin, L. N., "Climate of Uzbekistan,' published by Aoademy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, 1953. 375. Borisov, A. A'. "The Degree of Climatic Knowledge Avail- able on the Crimea,' Tru Ukrainsko o nauohno - isslodovatellsko o gidrommteorologioheskogo inst u ransaotions of the rainian Scientific Research Rydroneteorologioal Institutg, Issue 3, 1955. 576. Borisov, A. A., "On Principles of Climatic Zoning," Izvesti:ya Vsesoyusnogo geo rafiohesko o obshohestva?Mws of the All-Union Geographical Soo Vo . 8 No 3, 377. Borisov, G. N., and Kapitonova, I. I., Vaximum Air Temperatures in Turkmenistan," Izvostiya AN Turkm. SSR sews of the Academy of Sciences of the Turkmen SSW, No 4, 1952. 378. Brudin, I. D., "Snow Storms in the Spurs of the Southern Pre-Urals Region," Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo geografieheskogo obshohestva 56ws of the All-Union Geographical SocietE(s Vol. 83, Issue 2, 1951. 379. Bugayev, V. A., "The Study of the Climate of Central Asia tiva a Dynamic and Stoohastio Viewpoint," Trudy Tashkantskoy eofisicheskoy observatorii jransaotions of the Tashkent Geophysical 0 servatoril, Issue 5 (6), 1961. -42- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 380. Veymov, K., "The Climate of North-Eaatern Turkmenistan," Uche. 14 ? sa.iski Turkamasko o taliversitetagoientific Notes of the ??,.xt tat vers ? Issue 4, ? 381. Gavlina? G. B., "Climate of Khakassia," from books Natural Conditions and Agriculture in the Khakasskaya Autonomous ?blasts,* Moscow, 1964. 382. Galakhov, N. N., "Climate of the Central Fro-Angara Region an of the Upper Lena River Basin," Trudy Inatituta geografii AN SSSRLTransaotions of the Geographio Institute of the USSR Aoademy of Seism:mil, Issue 64, 1965. 382a. Vitvitskiy, G. N., "Climate of Japan," published by Geograf,Aiz, 1954. 382b. Vitvitskiy, G. N., "Climates of North America," published kraffitE.Salb 1953. 383. "Hydrometeorologioal Observations of the "Slava" Whale- Fishing Flotilla in 1949/60 in the Antarctic," edited by L. F. Rudovita, published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1954; Trudy Gosudarstvennogo okeanograficheskogo institutaffransactions of the State Oceanographic Instituty, Issue 24 C36l":- 384. Dmitriyeva, 0. B., "Last Spring Frosts and First Autumn Frosts in the Moscow Oblast'," Trud Tsentrallno o Institute (TSIF ffransaotions of the Central Forecasting Inst tute Issas 3 1954. pg 20 385. Zubkov, Ye. F., "July Frosts in the Molotov Oblast'," Trudy Molotovskop osude.rstvenno o sellsko-khoziraystvenno o ins; tut* Ltransact ons of the Mb ?tor state Agriculture/ nstitutg, Vol. 13, 1961. 386. Ivanov, N. N., "Annual Amplitude of Atmospherics Precipi- tation," Isvsstiya Vsesoyuznog000araficheskogo obahohestva gems of the All-Union Geographical Sooietzir, Vol. 87, Issue 6, 1956. 387. Karetnikove., K. A4, "Temperature Characteristios of Seasons in Central Asia According to Data Obtained at the Meteorological Station of Tashkent Observatory," Trudy institute matematiki i mokhaniki AN Usbok SSRifransactions of the Institute a tirathematfint anA Mechanics of oademy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSffl, Issue 12, 1953. 43 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co y Ap roved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 388. "Climate of Oceans," Monkey Atlaseaval Atl&g, Vol. 2, published by the General Staff of the Navy, -'19 3. 389. "Climatic Data For the Area Lying Between the Volga and the Ural Rivers." edited by S. A. Sapozhnikova, published by Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1951; GUMS Main Administration of the Bydrameteorologioal Servio27 and TSIP Central Weather Institutg. 390. Konoplev, N. P., "Attempt at Classification of the Climates of the World Ocean," Trudy Okeanografioheskogo Institut& giansaotions of the Oceanographio Institut2i, Issue 21 (33), 1952. 391. Kostin, S. I., "Climatic) Zones and Regions of the Central and Eastern Forest-Steppe and of the Russian Plain Steppe," Trudy Voronezhskogo Gosudarstvonnogo universiteta, tom 30, Sbornik rabot geografichaskop fakuetetaZTransactions of the Voronezh State University, Vol. 30, Colleoted Works of the Geographic Facultg, 1954. 392. Lopukhin, Ye. A., "Actinometric Observations in Turks," ,T;udy instituta matematiki mekhaniki AN Uzbek SSRZfransaotions o the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek 0117, Issue 14, Tashkent, 1955, Geophysics. 393. Lvvova, S. N., "The Snow Cover in Tashkent," Trudy Tashkentskoy geofizicheskoy observatorii gransactions of the Tashkent Geophysical Observatoril, Issue 8 (9), 1954. 394. Molohanov, L. A., "New Chart Showing Evaporation Over the Territory of Central Asia," from book: "Meteorology and Bydrology in Uzbekistan," 1955. 395. Morozova, M. I., "Results of a Statistical and Stochastic Analysis of Precipitation Anomalies in Tashkent," Trudy instituta matematiki i mekhaniki AN Uzbek SSRlfransaotions of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek 347, Issue 12, 1953, Geophysics. 396. Uurzayev, E. M., "System For a Physical and Geographical Zoning of Central Asia," Izvestiya AN SSR, Soriya geyaficheskaya sews of the Academy of Sciences, Geographioal Series , No 6, 1953. 397. Muzanava, A. A., "Snow Cover in the South Eastern USSR " 8e1'sky. khosyaystvo Povo1rzh/ya,ggrioulture in the Volga Regio No 3, 1955. 44 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190nn1 -7 of? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Ap roved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 398. Navrotskaya, V. S., "On the Problem of Climatic Boundaries of the Bleak Sea Steppe," Trudz Odes:kap gidrometeorologicheskogo inetituta ffrainaaotione of the Odessa Hydrometoorologioal Lastitutg, T7if.v, 1955. 399. Nazarov, V. S. and Rybnikov, A. A., "Hydrometeorologioal Observations on the Whale Ship *Slava-16' of the Antarctic Whaling Flotilla in 19502," edited by L. F. Rudovits, Trudy Gosudaretvennogo okeano aficheskogo institute gransaotions of the State Oceanographic Institute Issue 25 57), published by Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1954. 400. Orlova, V. V., "Climatic' Sketch of the Barabinsk Lowland," edited by M. I. Budyko and T. V. Pokrovskiy, published by Gidro- meteoizdat, Leningrad, 1954; USSR Ministry of Agriculture; GUGMS Ain Administration of the Hydrometeorologioal Servicgand TSIP ntral Weather Institutg. 401. Ponomarenko, I. N., "Unusual Snow Storms in the Eastern Regions of the Northern Caucasus," Meteorologiya ijidrologiya Zpiteorology and Hydrologg, No 1, 1955. 402. Popov, N. I., "Tornadoes on the Black Sea Shore," Ibid., No 5, 1955. 405. Puzyreva, A. A., "Climatic Conditions in the South- Kazakhstan Oblast' of the Kazakh SSR," Hoseart, 1963; Geographic Institute of the USSR Aoademy of Sciences. 404. Romanov, N. N., "On Prolonged and Strong Cold Spells in Central Asia," Trudy instituta matematiki I mekheniki AN Uzbek SSR gransactions of the Institute of MeIhemation an&Mechanios of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSg, Issue 14, 1955, Goophysios. 405. Samokhvalav, N. F., "Dry Winds in Kazakhstan,"TruAy Kazakhetanekoge nauchno issledovatelIskogp 4idromoteorologicheskogp institutaere.nsaationa of the Kazakhstan Scientific Research Hydro- meteorological Institut, Issue 1, 1953. 406. Semenova, O. A., "Soma Anomalies of Precipitation in Central Asia," from book: "Meteorology and Hydrology in Uzbekistan," 1955. 407. Sirotov, K. M., 'Brief Climatic Sketch of a Western Area in the North-Eastern Part of the Atlantic Ocean," Trudy Okeanograflobeskop instituta gransactions of the Oceanographic Institutiel, Issue 20 (152), 1952. 45- Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr2014/05/29:CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001qonni_7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 408. Sorokina, A. I., "Review of Hydrometeorologioal Conditions During the Sailing from Odessa to Vladivostok in the Spring of 1949," Ibid., Issue 21 (33), 1952, 409. Stepanov, N. D., "Weather in the Central Urals," Sverdlovsk, 1955. 410. Tauber, G. M., "Hydrometeorologioal Observations on the Whaling Mother Ship 'Slava' of the Antarctic Whaling Flotilla in 1947/48 and 1948/49," edited by L. F. Rudaritsa, Trudy Okeano- grafioheskogo institute ffransaotions of the Oceanographic institutlIT Issue 19 (31), published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1951. 410a. Tauber, G. M., "The Antarctic. Basic Charaateristics of Climate and Weather," published by Gidrometeoizdat, Moscow, 1956. 411, Tauber, G. U., "The climate of the Antarctic," Geografiya v shkole &ography in Schoog, No 4, 1952. 412. Tauber, G. M., "Basio Climate Characteristics in the Antarctic," Moteorolp5iya i gidrolo?iyageteorology and Hydrolo,gg, No 1, 1956. 413. Uteshev, A. S., "Atmospheric Droughts in the Northern Section of Kazakhstan," Trudy Kazekhatanskogo nauohao issledovatel" ,skogo Gidrometeamllgicheskor inatitutaaransactions ot the Kazakhstan Soientifie Research Hydrometeorologioal Institutgc Issue 1, 1955. 414. Felvdman, Ya. I. tions in the Land Territory Northern. Kazakhstan and in t AN SSR Seri a so rafiahes Geograp loal Series and Shvareva, Yu. N.,"Qlimatio Condi- Under Recent Agricultural Development in he Foothills of Altay Kray." Isvestiya gews of the Academy of Sciences, D54. 415. Cherkasov, V. M., "Certain Conclusions Derived From Experimental Atmospheric Temperature Probing Over Tashkent." Trudy Tashkentskoy soofizichesillobservatorii 2Transaotions of the Tas ent GeophysicalObservato Issue-C-1T, 951. 416. Ayzenshtat? B. A., "Practical Method for Determining the Components of Thermal Balance of the Barth's Surface," Ibid., Issue 5 (6), 1951. 46 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 21 417. Alekseyov, G. A., "Determination of the Probability of Hydrological and Climatologioal Phenomena Occurring Several Times During the Year," Trudy Gosudarstvenno o idro1ogicheskojo instituta jransactions of the State Hydrological Instituty, Issue 43 (97), 1954. 418. Arkhipava, Ye. P. "Method of Indirect Determination of the Temperature on the Surface of Barren Soil," Trudy glavnoy geofizioheskoy observatorii flransactiona of the Main Geophysical Laborato ssue 30 (92), 951. 419. Bogoslovskiy, B. B., "Computation of Atmospheric Pre- eipibation Based on Hypsometric Data," Meteorologiya i gidrolo42.ya Lyeteorology and Bydrologg, No 5, 1951. 420. Budyko, M. I., Berlyand, T. G. and Zubenok, L. I., "Methods of Climatologioal Computations of the Components of Thermal Balance," Trud lavno eofiziohesko obeervatorii jransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato Immo 48 1954. 421. Budyko, M. I. and Yofimova, N. A., "On the Acouracy of Charts Showing the Components of Thermal Balance," Ibid., Issue 50 (112), 1955. 422. Voronteov, P. A., "Methods For Aeroelimatio Processing of Data Obtained in Baloon Flights," Ibid., Issue 47 (109), 1954. 423. Golub, Ye. V., "Analytic Method for Constructing the Curve Showing the Annual Course of Air Temperature," ILIALL4mAaNe gidrometeorologicheskogo institute gransactions of the Odessa Hydro- meteorologloal Institutyc Issue /. 1955. 424. Golubov, R. S., "On the Problem of Utilizing Climatologioal Datalbr Makin Long-Rang. Weather Forecasts," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyaaieteorolou and BydroIc7, No 9,70117- 425. Guterman, I. D., Dunayeva, S. I. and momayeva, L. V., "Applicability of the Difference Method in Agroolimatio and Pro- cessing," Trudy* Toentralinogo nauchno-issledovatolfskogp gidro- meteorologichoskogo arichivaZyransaations of the Central Scientific Research Mydromoteorological Arohivegc Issue 2, 1955. 426. Drozdov, O. A., "Space-Time Characteristics of Climate and Their Practical Significance," (Theses of Reports at the University Jubilee Session). Uehenyyo sapiski Kasanskoe_icsudarstvennogo universitota (scientific Notes of the Kazan State Universite,VoI. 115, Book 10,19S5. -47- ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 a Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 427. Yovesyev, P. K., *Attempt at the Neohanized Proosising of Neteorolo oal Obeervations for Agrioultural Use," Natoorologiya gidrologiya eteorology and Bydrologes No 6, 1954. 428. Ivanov, N. N., "Determination of the Magnitude of Climate Continentality," Izvesti a Vass? ano o eo rafioheako obshoheetva gews of the All-Union Geographic Soot. Vol. 85, Issue 4, 1953. 429, Klyuohnikovs Yu. I., "On the Problem of Complex Characteri- zation of Climatic Elements," Uchenyys zapiski Kasakhako osuderst- ;awn? o)universiteta Soientifio Notes of the &Mil State vers Vol. 18, IssaWIT (Geology and Geography). 430. Kolosnikov, A. R. and Pivovarov, A. A., "Computation of the Thermal Helenas and of its Individual Components on the Basis of Air Temperature," Trucly Morskogo idrofizioneskogo institute jrans- actions of the Naval Hydrophysic Institutil, Vol. 6, 1955. 431. Ilszontsav, V. R., wAftitl,nn +ha Cnmnnitation of Average Total Ev rations* Meteorcilogiya igidrologiyageteorology and Hydrolo No 5. 1955. 432. Nal:womb, I. V., Sidorova, I. I. and Bobrikova, V. M., "Distribution of Air Temperature and Mind Velocity According to Wind Directions," edited by V. N. Sokolova, published by Gidrometeoisdat, Moscow, 1955. 433. Ped,, D. A., "Determination of Constant Passage Figures of Air Temperature through Definite Values," Netoorologiya i gidrologiya ???????????????????????? gatteorology and Hydroloze, No 10, 1951. 434. Pokrovskayas T. V., "Certain Summaries Obtained in Compil- ing the Climatologio Handbook of the USSR by Areas,* Ibid., No 10, 1952. 435. Samoohkins V. M., "Utilization of the Thermal Wanes Equation in Arriving at Precise Formulae for Caloulating at Losses from &Water Surface," Ibid., No 2, 1956. 436. Sapozhnikova, S. A., *Method for Computing the Probability (Provision) of Mean Decade Temperatures," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Institute (TSIP) ffiansaotions of the Central Poreoasting rnstitutg, Issue 41 (68), 1956. 437. Felidman Ye. I. and Chubukov, L. A., *Climate in Different Weather," Priroda Atturg, No 10, 1953. 48 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 22 II SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY The results of a large number of investigations on synoptic) meteorology by Soviet authors, as well as the results of many years of practical experience, by eynoptie researchers of the USSR MIrdro- meteorological Servioe? particular of synoptia researchers working at the Central Institute of Forecasts, engaged in the compilation of various types of weather forecasts, are summarised in a oolleotive work (1) published under the title: "Guide for Shorts-Range Weather Forecasts." This is the first time that such a summary, which includes results of investigations on problems of synoptic meteorology published in the USSR and in foreisa countries, has been compiled. The *Guide" consists of two parts and contains a sufficiently vows plot* and systematic exposition of contemporary synoptic methods used for short-range weather forecasts. More detailed information on subjects listed in this guide can be found in the studies listed below, which were carried out during the period 1951-56. General problems of great significance to modern science, such as problems of Graeae and anticyclone formation, theory of local variations in atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity, are examined in studies (2) - (29). Studies (30) - (37) give formulas for ?Deputing regulated vertieal velocities in the field of pressure or wind. The experimental synoptic investigations (37) (76) desoribe the spatial structure of Ulric formations, the conditions resulting in their evolution and displaooment, and also the changes caused by these formations and other faotors in the fields of pressure and temperature at various levels of the troposphere and under various physical and geographioal conditions in the USSR. Studies (77) - (86) examine theoretical systems of front- formation, the spatial structure of atmospheric fronts and their cloud systems, data on microstructure of clouds, and results of studies of inner mass cloudiness, its origin and structure. The calculation of regulated vertical movements formed the basic for analysing formation conditions and for establishing a method used in the quantitative forecast of continuous and heavy (*loud burst) precipitation. Other problems studied included the theory used in calculating factors leading to formation of cloud bursts and vertical velocities in frontal zones, as well as the results of corresponding experimental 49 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 lig 23 investigations. Summaries of these investigations, as well as results of studies of specific weather phenomena (cloudiness, fog, early frosts, snowstorms, eta.), and corresponding forecasting methods aro described in studies (89) - (150). A large number of experimental investigations related to synoptic meteorology were carried out in oonnection with the development of a synoptic long-range weather forecasting method. Studies (151) - (167), in which data from aorologioal observations were utilized, expounded individual aspects of B. M. Multtanovskirs method (concerning natural synoptic periods and seasons, extreme seasons, etc.). Problems related to methods used for long-range weather forecasting based on data of general atmospheric circulation, and their relation to the action of basement surface and solar activity, are described in studies (168) - (182). Other possible methods for long-range fore- casting, and certain problems related to this aspect of synoptic meteorology, are described in studies (183) - (194). Basic facts related to the maorooiroulation method for making long-range weather fo-eoasts in the Arctic Region over a protracted period lasting for 4 to 6 months, which is indispensable in making forecasts of ice formations well in advance, were successfully worked out at the Arctic Scientifio-Research Institute (195) (196). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. "Guide for Short-Range sieather Forecasting," Parts 1 and 2. Published by Gidrometeoisdat, 1954-1953. 2. Berlyand, M. Ye. and Zavarina, M. V., "Analysis of Heat Transformation of Nbving Air Masses," Trudy glavnay eofizichesko obeervatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical La rato Issue 13795), 1962. 3. Bogeys's., V. A., "On the Order of Magnitudes of Derivatives of Atmospheric Baric and Temperature Fields," /12.1.,tiaAL_ILM, Soriya eo aficheskaya Slaws of USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Geographical Series/, 4, 1952. 4. Bugayev, V. A., "Signs Denoting Changes in Pressure in the Principal Types of High-Altitude Frontal Zones," Dokla AN Uzb SSR deports of tho Academy of Scienoes of the Uzbek SS o 4, 1952. 5. Bugayev, V. A., "Slow Antioyclonea2 Symposiums nkicroolimate of the Caspian Lowland," Isvestiya AN SSR drew* of the USSR Aoademy of Soiencei, 195$. 50 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R0077nn1annn1 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 6. Bykov, V. V., The Effect Exerted by Mountains on Pressure Changes in the Middle Troposphere," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrologg, No 4, 1955. 7. Gubin, V. I., "Concerning One Method for Preealculating Adveotive Changes of Tenperature and Pressure," Trudy Institute Matematiki i mekbaniki (IMM) Akademii Nauk Usbekskoy SSRLTransactions of the Institute for Mathematics and Meehanios of the Academy- of Sciences of the Uzbek SS, Issue 12, 1956. 8. CIL/bin, V. I., "A Generalization of Bjerknest Theorem." Ibid., Issue 12, 1953. 9. Dyubyuk, A. F., "Changes in Air Bumidity.Over a Water Surface," Trudy Tsentrallno, Institute TSIP) eransactions of the Central Forecasting Institut!(, Issue 26/53, 1951. 10. Matveyev, L. T. and Morskoy, G. I., "Pressure and Temperature Changes Caused by Vertical Currents," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya ffeteorology and Bydrologg, No 9, 1951. 11. Matveyev, L. T., "Concerning the Adveotive Dynamic Theory of Cyclone and Antioyolone Formation," Ti_.:2ALV(..._:oeo-zulGs_azhdsuisko62. Morskogo Flota Sovetskoy Arktiki jransactions of the Military and Civilian Naval Fleet of the Soviet Arctig(?), Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Gidrometeorologioheskoe Fakulteta Sovetskoy Arkti (or Sovetskow Arkhiva or Sovetskoy Armii?) i'ransaotions of the All-Union Byero- meteorological Faculty ot the Soviet Arctic (or of the Soviet Archives or of the Soviet Arnie(?), Issue 5, 1952.* 12. Matveyev, L. T., "Temperature and Pressure Changes in the Lower and Middle Troposphere," Tr. VW SA, IMMO 8, 1956. (Sim Item 11 above). 13. Matveyev, L. T., "Qualitative Analysis of the Conditions Loading to Vortex (Whirlwind) Formation in the Atmosphere," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 12, 1955. (See Item 11), 14. Mertsalov, A. N., "The Part Played by Wind Divergenoe and Convergence in Variations of Cyclone Antioyolonicity?" Meteorolooiya 3. gidrologiyageteorology and Bydrologg, No 4, 1956. * The meaning of the abbreviations Tr. VW SA could not be established and the above hypothetical guesses are suggested. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 15. Monin, A. S,, "Development Prospects of Short-Range Synoptics," Izvestiya Vsesoyuzno o geo afioheskoio obshahestvagews of the All-Union ditographica Soo et/, Issue 2, 1952. 16. Morskoy, G. I., "Theoretical System For Short-Range Fore- casting of Air Pressure and Temperature Aecording to I. A. Kibel'." Meteoroloqiya i gidrologiyaffeteorology and Iydrolo7, No 2, 1951. 17. Uorskoy, G. I., "Convection Theory of Changes in Atmospheric: Pressure," Ibid., No 1, 1953. 18. Bovikov, B. M., "Direct Physical Causes of Pressure Changes," Tr. VGUF SA, Issue 5. 1952. (See Item 11, page 5'). 19. Petrosyants, M. A., "Evolution of a Cyclone and Structure of the Thermobaric Field," Trudy Institute Matematiki i mekhaniki (UAM) Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy 88RLTranattations of the Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSY, Issue 12, 1953. 20. Romov? A. I., "Concerning the Basic Factors of Pressure Changes," Trudy Ukrainsko o nauchno issledovatellsko o Gidro- meteoroloipheskogp institute rangactions of the Ukrainian Scientific gesearoh Rydrometeorologioal Institute*, Issue 5, 1956. 21. Slavin, I. A., "Analysis of the Motions of Metedrologioal Temperatures frost the Standpoint of the Second Principle of Thermo- dynamics," Tr. vamp SA, Issus 12, 1955. (See It 11, page 51). 22. Smirnov, P. I., "Certain Investigations of P. I. Brounov in the Field of Synoptic Meteorology," Tr. IMF Si, Issue 5, 1952. (See Item 11. page 51). 23. Titov. S. I., "Physical Explanation of Certain Principles of Prof. I. A. Kibeits Method," Ibid., Issue 5, 1962. 24. Titov, S. I.. "Baste Principles of the Advective-Dynamio Analysis and Hydrodynamic Theory of Pressure Changes," Ibid., Issue 8, 1963. 26. Uspenskiy, B. D., "Concerning the Utilization of Wind Observations in Forecasting Changes in Atmospheric Pressure." Meteorologiya I gidrolo$iyageteorology and Rydrolo&g, No 2, 1954. 26. Uspenskiy. B. D., "Theory of Loofa Changes of Geopotential Altitudes in Isobaric Surfaces." Ibid., No 5, 1954. -52- S. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R0o77nn1qnnni _7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 P6 24 27. Uspenskiy, B. D., "Theory of Local Changes in Ground Pressure," Ibid., BO 1, 1955. 28. Khromov, S. P., "On Contemporary Theories of Cyologenesis," Izvestiya Vailsozuznovjeograficheskoe obshohestva grows of the All-Union Geographical Sooietil? Vol. 85, Issue 5, 1952. 29. Yudin, M. P. "One Basic Generalization of the Method of Bari() Tvraphy," Meteoro1o4ixa i gidrolosiva geteorology and Bydrolo , No 10, 1152. 30. Dyubyuk, A. F., "Vertical Velocities Resulting from Friction," Trudy Tsentralonogo Institut& (TSIP)gransaotions of the Central Forecasting Issue 26(53, 951. 31. Zubryakov, V. A., "Concerning the Computation of Vertical Velocities in the Friction Layer," Tr. VGLIF SA, Issue 8, 1953. (See Item 11, page 51). 32. Matveyev, L. T., "Vortical Currents in the Border Layer of the Atmosphere," Izvestiya AnfIS4W6 Soriya geofizieheskayalews of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geophysical Seriey, No 5, 155. 33. Mertsalov, A. N., "Determination of Vertical Velocities in the Friction Layer in the Field of Ground Pressure with Ciroular Isobars," Metoorologiya isidrologiza, No 11, 1951. geteorology and BydrologW. 34. Mertsalov, A. N., "Qualitative Determination of Regulated Vertical Air Movements in the Bari() Field," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Instituta (TSIP) jransactiona of the Central Fbreoasting Institutg, Issue 54/72, 1956. 35. Morskoy, G. I., "The Problem of Computing Vertical Air Velocity," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologg, No 1, 1954. 36. Orlova, Ye. M., "On the Computation of Vertical Velooitiets According to Data of the Wind Field," Ibid., No 1, 1955. 37. Bolov, P. N., "Study of the Contributions of Separate Atmospheric Layers to Changes in Ground Pressure Under Various Synoptic Conditions," Ibid., No 6, 1954. -53- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 38. Bygayev, V. A., "Use of Relative Topographic Maps in Fore.- casting the Synoptic Situation," Trudy Institut& Matomatiki i mekhaniki (IMO Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSRLTransactions of the Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek ss.gr, Issue 14, 1955. 39. Bugayev, V. A., Dshordzhio, V. A., Sarymsakovi T. A. and Petrosyants, M. A. "The Nature of the Pre-Asiatic Law Pressure Area," Doklady AN SSRgeports of the USSR Academy of Scienceg?. Vol. 23, Vo 41951. Bushuk, V..I., "Forecasts of Cyclone Displacements Azoord- 5s; to Structure of the Thermobaric Field," Meteorologiya I gidrologiya aiteorology and Itydrologg, No 1, 1953. 41. Vasyukov, K. A., "Analysis of Local Changes in Pressure and Conditions of Cyolone Formation in the Troposphere," Trudy Tsentrall noge Institut& (TSIP) ransactions of the Central Foreeasting % insitutli, Issue 45f7, 1966. 42. Vetlov, I. P., "Variation of the Thermal Field According to Altitude," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteorology and gydrologsg, Mo 12, 1952. 43. Gaygerov, S. S. and Kastrov, V. G., "Study of the Thermal Transformation of Moving Air Based on Data of Free Balloon Flights," Trud Tsentraltno astronomiohesko obeervatorii (TSA0 q6rans- ao one t Con ra Astro ea 0 servato Immo . 1952. 44, Gaygerov? S. S. and Kastrov, V. G., "Certain Generalizations Concerning Thermal Transformation of Air Based on Free Balloon Flights," Ibid., Issue 13, 1964. 46. Dshordzhio, V. A. and Petrosyants, M. A? "Summer Antioyolone in the Vicinity of Tibet," Doklady AN Usb SSR porta of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSy, No 6, 1/50. 46. Dshuraysv, A. D., "Connection Between Diurnal Changes in Pressure and Temperature at Various Altitudes Above the Aral Sea," Trudy Institut& Nktematiki I mekhaniki (DEM) Akademii Nauk Usbekeboy. SSRZfransactions of the institute fim Mathematics and Meohanies of the Academy of Science* of the Uzbek ssg, Issue 14, 1955. 47. Zavarina, M. V., "Aerosynoptio Analysis of the Thermal Transformation of Cold Air Meese.," Trudy irtlavnoy eofizichoskg observatorii4.ransaotions of the Main Geophysics boratoril, Issue 41403, 952. -.54- ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-0-1043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 48. 2avarina, M. V. "Changes in the Heat and Moisture Content of an Air Mass Moving Over a Homogeneous Basement Surface," Ibid., Issue 4010? 1954. 49. Zavarina, IL. V*, "Changes in Air Temperature and BUmidity During its Transformation in Stationary Anticyolones Over the European ussa," issue 5017, 1955. 50. Kashin, K. I. and Gritsenko, M. V., "On the Problem of Displacement of Anticyclones," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorclogy and rdro1o7, No 6, 1954. 51. Kashin, K. I. and Gritsenko, M. V., "Changes in Pressure near the Earth's Surface," Ibid., No 5, 1954. 52. Klyucharev, S. S., "About Computation of Temperature Advection for Aerological Analytical Purposes," .Ibid., No 3, 1951. 53. Klyucharev, S. S., "On the Use of Extrapolation Formulae in Forecasting Displaoements of Bane Centers," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 54. Komissarova, L. N., "Recurrence of Southern Cyclones over Central Asia and Kazakhstan," Trudy Kazakhstanskego nauohno - issledovatel'sko o gidrometeorOlogichoskogo cnstituta Zfransactions oi the Kazakhstan oientific Nesearoh BydrometeorefFacial Institntg, Issue 5, 1955. 55. Iomonosov, Ye. G., "Altitude Distribution of Vertical Velocities in the Friction Layer," Tr. V(MF SA, Issue 11, 1955. (See Item 11, page 51). 56. Mertsalov, A. N., "Determination of the 'Vortex Section' of Pressure Change Based on Maps of Absolute Dario Topogr hy," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteorology and ydro1o7, No 6, 1955. 57. Mikheyev, V. M. and Petrov*, A. F., "Certain Results Obtained in Chsoking the Veracity of the Rule Concerning the Convergence and Divergence of Wind at High Altitudes," Ibid., No 1, 1954. pg 26 58. Mikheyev? V* M., "On the Problem of Motion and Capacity Changes of Bowie Areas," Trudy Alavno eefizioheskoy obsorratorii ..franeaotions of the Main Geophysical La ratorzb Issue 54C118? 956. 59. Fed', D. A., "Diurnal Changes of Altitudes at a 500 Millibar Surfaoe," Motoorologiya igidrolokiyaffeteorology an& Ijdro1o7, No 7, 193,, -.55- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 60. Petrosyants, M. A., "Evolution of a Cyclone and Structure of the Thermobario Field," Trudy Institute Matamatiki i mekhaniki (UGA) Akademii Nae,1s Uzbekskoy fSR Aram:actions of the Institute for Mathematics and Moohanies of the Academy of Soleness of the Uzbek S47, Issue 12, 1953. 61. Petrosyants, M. A., "The Degree of Orographio Effects Upon Synoptic Processes," Methodical No 27 of the Forecasting Servioo, USMS Uzb. SSR, Tashkent, 1951. (Upravleniye (or Ukazatelt) Sinopticheskoy Meteorologicheskoy Sluzhby Uzbekskoy SSR Administration of the Synoptic Meteorological Service of the Uzbek s7 ) ) (or Index)* 62. Petrosyants, M. A. and Chernyshova, O. N., "Thermobario Fields of Intensive Areas of Pressure Change," Trudy Institute Matematiki imokhaniki IMM) Akademii Nauk Uzbeksko SSR erten- aotions of the Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Soienees of the Uzbek SS127, Issue 14, 1955. 63. Pinus, N. Z., "Characteristics of Vertical Air Movements in the Free Atmosphere," Trucly Teentral'noy astronomioheskoy observatorii (TSAD) ffransactions of the Central Astronomical Obeervatoryt, Issue 6, 1952. 64. Pogogyan, Kin. P. and Burtsev, A. 1., "The Effect of Vertical Air Movements on Changes in the Thermal Field of the Troposphere," Meteorologiya i 0.dro1oliyagieteoro1ogy and Rydrologg, No 3, 1955. 65. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Changes in Air Temperature in the System of a Developing Cyclone," Ibid., No 1, 1956. 66. Pogrebayy, Ye. D. and Sklyarskiy, O. M., "On the Exit of Cyclones from the Balkan Peninsula Into the European USSR," Ibid., No 1, 1954. 67. Poluektova, I. R., "On the Calculation of Advective Tempera- ture Changes According to Pilot-Balloon Data," Trudy glavnoy eofizioh.skoy observatorii ranesotions of the Main Geophysical looratoryy, ssue 209, 191. 68. Pononareako, I. N., "Migration of Antioyolones in the Vicinity of Wide Mountain Ranges in Europe and Central Asia," Metoorologiya 1. jildroiogiya Z.-Meteorology and Rydrolege, Mb 5, 1953. 69. Ponomarenko, I. N., "Synoptic Conditions for the Displace- ment of Antioyclones in the Ukraine," Trudy Ukrainskop nauohno - iesledovatollakego Gidrameteorologicheskow instituta eransaations of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Bydromateorologieal Institut27, Issue 5, 1956. * The meaning of the abbreviations USMS Uzb. SSR could not be established and the above hypothetical guesses are suggested. - 56 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001gon1 -7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 70. Ponamarenko, I. N., "Effect of the Black Sea Depression Upon Distribution of Precipitation Anomalies," Ibid., Issue 5, 1956. 71. Popov, G. F., "Significance of Temperature Contrasts in the Transformation of the Bario Field of the Lower Troposphere," Tr. VOUF SA, Issue 12, 1955. (See Item 11, page 51). 72. Romano'', N. N., "On Prolonged and Strong Cold Peviods in Central Asia," Trudy Institute MAtematiki i mekhaniki (EMM) Akademii Mauk Uzbekskoy SSR LTranaaotiona of the Institute for Mathematics and Meohanios of the Academy of Soleness of the Uzbek SS, Issue 14, 1955. 73. Romano'', N. N., "Certain Peouliarities in the Movement of Anticyclones over Central Asia and Adjacent Territories," Motoorologiya I gidrologiya geteorology and Bydrologlic No 6, 1955. 74. Serdyuk, V. N., "On Spatial Distribution of Local Changes in Atmospherio Pressure in Connection with the Evolution of Cyclones and Anticyclones," Tr. VLF SA, Issue 12, 1955. (Sim Item 11, page 51). 75. Usa&nov, R. F., "On Causes Leading to Formation of a Planetary Frontal Zone and of a Subtropical High Pressure Belt," Miteorologiya i gidrologilya geteorology and Jkfdro1og7, No 3, 1953. 76. Khanevskaya, I. Ve, "'Vertical Air Movements in Anticyclones," Trud? Tsentra1,no astronomichesko obeervatorii TSAO ffransactions of t.. Contra Astrono o 0 mervato Issue 6, 952. 77. Bugayev, V. A., "Planetary High-Altitude Frontal Zones and Cyclone Formation," TrukInstituta Matematiki i mekhaniki_(IM/9 Akademii Nauk Usbekskoy SSRLTransaotlons of the Institute for Mathematics and gechanics of the Academy of Soiences of the Uzbek ssg, Issue 14, 1955. 78. Bugayev, V. A. and Dzhordshio, V. A., "Certain Problems of Frontal Analysis," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrologg. No 3, 1951. 79. Vetlov, I. P., "Front Formation and Transformation of High- Altitude Field Deformations," Trudy TsontralInogo Institute (TSIP) :franseotions of the Central Forecasting Institutil, Issue 20/47, 1951. 80. Gubin, V. I., "On the Theory of Front Formation," Ilyez AN Uzb SSR porta of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek S NO 9, 1952. -57- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 81. Gubin, V. I., "On the Theory of Local Front Formation," Trudy Institute Matematiki i makbaniki COM Akademii Nauk Uzbeksko SSR ransaotions of t.e nstitute or Mat ematios and Mechanics the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek ST, Issue 14, 1955. 82. Zubyan? G. D., "Praotical Problems in Front Analysis," Metodioheskiy ukasateltothodical Indeg, Issue 11, 1951. 83. Zubyan, G. D. "Problems of Space Structure and Front Analysis," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Institute (TSIP) iTransactions of the Central Forecasting Institute', Issue 202, 1951. 84. Zubyan, G. D., "On the Planet gidrologiya aleteorology and Aydrolo Frontal Zone," Metecrologiya No 7, 1952. 86. Zubyan, G. D., "On the Problem of Vertical Extension of Tropospheric Frontal Sections," Ibid., No 11, 1952. 86. Matveyev, L. T., "The Field of Geostrophic Wind Near the Frontal Surface in the Atmosphere," Tr. VGUF sit, Issue 5, 1952. (See Item 11, page 51). 87. Mishutia? D. A., "Dry Atmospheric Fronts in the Southern Steppes of the Ukraine," Metiorologiya i gidivlogiyageteorology and Hydrologe, No 6, 1952. 88. Petrosyants, M. A., "Front FOrmation During the Evolution of Cyclones and Anticyclonos," Truly Institute Matematiki i makbaniki (INI9 Akadsmii Nauk Usbekskey SSRaranaaations of the Institute of Mathematics and Meohanies of the Aoadsmy of Soleness of the Uzbek s47 Issue 14, 1955. 89. Baohurina, A. A. and Cherkasskaya, V. M., "Formation of Steady Rains Over Central Areas of the European USSR During the Period From August 12 to 1.?.# 1950," Moteorologiya gidrologiya getoorology and Nydrologe, Mb 1, 1951. 90. Baohurina, A. A. and Turketti, Z. L., "On the Formation of Precipitation," Trudy Tsontrallnogo Institute (TSIP)reas- he actions of t Central Forecasting Institut,s/c Issue 26/2, 1951. 91. Beiverkluwaya, Sh. A., "Synoptic Conditions of Atmospheric, Drought in, Western Kazakhstan," Trudy Kazakhetansko o nauchno - issledovateltsko o drometsporolo ransaotions o ? as ? sten em c Rosser? Hy rometeoro ogioal Institutg, Issue 5, 1955. -58- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 26 92. Berlyand, M. I., "Temperature Change in the Ground Surface Atmospheric) Layer and Frost Foreoasting," Izvestiya AN SSSR, Seriya eofizioheskaya Clews of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geophysical riey, No 2, 1953. 93. Berlyand, M. I., "Method of Forecasting Radiation Fogs," Trudy filarnoy geofizicheeko observatorii giansaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory", Issue 48/110, 1954. 94. Bogatye, L. F. and Romov, A. I., "Properties of the Atmosphere During Thunderstorms and Showers," Trudy KievskoL geofizicheskoy obsorvatorii jransactions of the Kiev Geophysical Observatory', Issue 1, 1952. 95. Borisenkov, Ye. P., "Application of S. I. Troitskiy's Theory for Wind Determination in the Upper Troposphere," Meteorologiya I gidrologiya aeteoroloa and Rydrologg. No 1, 1954. 96. Burkova, M. V., "Analysis of Fronts in Vertical Crossections." Tru. Institxta Matematiki I mekhaniki 'MU Akademii Nauk Uzbeksko SSR Transactions of the Institute of Mathematic's and Mechanics of 'he 137Cdany of Sciences of the Uzbek Mg, Issue 14, 1955. 97. Burtsev, A. I., "Evolution of Precipitation in Connection With Changing Moisture Content in the Air and Vertical Velocities in a Cyclone System," MeteoroloiamIA4221m00.64teorology and Bydrologe, No 1, On. - 98. Burman, B. A., "Experiment in Forecasting the Daily Course of Air Temperature in a Gametal Zone," Ibid., No 11, 1952. 99. Vetlov, I. P. and Petrenko, I. V., "Cold Front Precipitation In the Central Part of the European USSR During the Warm Period of the Year," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1955. 100. Vorobtm, I. V., "Some Results of Comparison Between Geostrophic Gradient and Observed Wind at a 300 Millibar Surface Level," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 12, 1956. (See Item 11, page 51). 101. Vorontaov, P. A., "On Convective Movements in the Ground Surface Layer of the Atmosphere," Trudy lavno eofiziohesko observatorii gransactions of the Main Geophysioal Laborato Issue 54/116, 1955. 102. Gavrilenko, N. M., "Wpoptio Conditions of Prolonged Pre.- 2gitation in the Kiev Oblast'," Metoorologiya I gidrologiya teorology and drolo7, No 4, 1955. -59- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 103. Gavrilenko, N. M., "Synoptic Conditions of Snowstorms on the Territory of the Ukrainian SSA," Truck Ukrainskogo nauohno - issledovateltsko Gidromsteorolo ichesko o institute. LTransactions of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Bydrometeorological Institutg, Issue 6, 1956 104. Gelgmgolets, N. F., "Atmospheric Fronts and Precipitation in the Valley Section of Kazakhstan," Vostnik AN Kazakh, SSA fierald of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazaiih SW, No 5, 1964. 105. Gel'mgolits, N. F., "Aerological Analysis of Atmospheric' Drought in Western Kazakhstan," Trud Kazakhstansko o nauchno - issledovatellskoo drometeorolo Booing uta rans4r ions of the Kazakhstan Scientific Research Bydrometeorological Institutg, Issue 5, 1955. 106. Gel,mgol/ts, N. F., "Aerologioal Analysis of Atmospheric Drought in Western Kazakhstan," Ibid., Issue 5, 1955. 107. Gogoleva, Ye. I. "Diagnosis and Forecast of Low Cloudiness," Metodiaheskiy ukazatell Aethodioal Lithe', Issue 18, 1952. 108. Gritsenko, M. V., "Effect of Precipitation on Forest Firen," /12..teoraliyalpLALtlzt.ffieteorology and Bydrologg, MO 5, 1954. 109. Gubin, V. 1., "Quantitative Forecast of Wind Velocity Changes Near the Barth, "Trudy Institute Matematiki i makhaniki (Ii)Akademii Nauk Uzbokskoy SSZgransactions of the Institute of Mathematios and Meohanics of the Academy of Scienoes of the Uzbek sq7; Issue 14, 1956. 110. Dyubyuk, A. F.? "Vertical Velocities in the Area of a , Stationary Front," Trudy Tmentrallny Institute (TSIP) ffransaations of the Central Foreoasting Institute Issue 54(72, 1958. 111. p7tlyuk? A. F. and Monin? A. S., "Prognosis of Soil Temperature under a Snow Cover," Ibid., Issue 21/48, 1950. 112. Zavarine, M. V., "Experiment in the Operative Utilization of the Method for Forecasting Early Frosts on the Basis of Synoptic Data," Trudy glavaox geofiziohesko obeervatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratnrzic Issue 55/117, 1955. 113. Zak, Ye. G. and Marfenko, O. V., "Structure of the Lower Edge of a Cloud FOrmation,"entrudTsomiheako observatorii (TSAO) 4Transaolitram-tionsofthtroncatioai Observatorzi, Issue , 1962. 60 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 0 50-Yr 2014/05/29: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 114. Zverev, N. I., "Temperature Foreoasting," NeteorologXya gidro1o6iya geteorology and Hydroloqi No 2, 1955. 115. Zubyan, G. D., "Certain Peculiarities of Cloud Systems of Stationary Fronts," Ibid., NO 2, 1953. 116. Zubyan, 6. D., "Changes of the Beric Field with Altitude in the Front Arra," Ibid., No 3, 1954. 117. Imyanitov, I. M. and Chuvayev? A. P., "On Conditions Lead- ing to Passage of Heavy Cumuli Clouds over the Horizon," Ibid., No 2, 1956. 118. Kaahurin, L. G., "Formation of Precipitation in Clouds with Small Vertical Currents," isvestiya AN SSSR, Seri a geofizicheskeya &MB of the USSR Academy of toionoes, GeophysicaL Serioll, No 2, 1956. 119. Kashin, K. I., "Distribution of Wind in Space and Precipi- tation," Informatsionnyy sbornikgnforstation SymposiWc No 1, 1951. 120. Kashin, K. I., "On Forest Fires," Moteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrologi No 1, 1951. 121. Koshelenko, I. V., "On the Forecasting of Radiation Fog," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 122. Koshelenko, I. V., "The Role of Advection in Fog Formation," Trud Ukrainsko o nauohno isslodovatorsko Gidrometeorolo iohesko o at tuta ransaotions o the nian Solon io Beare meteorological Institutisi Issue 5, 1956. ram* 123. Knkhto? A. P., "On Deviation of factual Wind from Gradient Wind," Neteorologire gidroloilylgeteorology and Hydroloe, No 2, 19560 124. Lebedeva, N. V., "Construction of a Convection Model and Computation of the Amount of Shower Precipitation,* Truk Teentralt nogo Institute (T8I) giansaotions of the Central Foreoasting Institute', Issue 4/58, 1954. 125. Lebedeva, N. V., "Conveotion on Fronts in Cyclonic Areas," Ibid., Issue 38/ 650 1955. 126. Iebedeva, N. V., "On Accounting for the Role Played by Dynamic Turbulence in the Development of Convection," Motoorologiya 4itiro1ogiyagisteoro1ogy and HydroIogg, No 2, 1955. - 61 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 27 127. Lebedeva, N. V "Vortioal Movements in a Front," Tidy Tsontraltno o Institute TSIP giansaotions of the Central ore- oast 2, 1956. 128. Lugohenko, A. K., *Variation in the Altitude of the Lower Border of Internal Cloud Masses During the Might," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 8, 1953. (See Item 11, page 51). 129. Mazurin, N. I. and Novikov, B. M., "Certain Peculiarities of Cloud Systems in Cold Fronts," Ibid., Issue 11, 1955. 130. Matveyev, L. T., *Vertical Currents in the Border Layer of the Atmosphere and Their Relation to the Upper and Lower Limits of Cloudiness," Ibid., Issue 11, 1955. 131. Minina, L. S., "Changes in the Moisture Content of an Air Mass Under the Influence of the Basement Surface," Moteorologiya gidrologiya geteorology and Hydrologi?", No 5, 1955. 132. Muohnik? V. M., "Certain Problems in the, Forecasting of Thunderstorms," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 133. Nikanorov, G. T. and Chuvayeir, A. P., "The aole of Retard- ing Layers in the Settlement of Precipitation," Ibid., No 4, 1956. 134. Orlova, Ye. M., "On the Problem of Determining Changes in Air Stratification," Trudy Tsentral'nogo Institute. (TSIP) ffrans- actions of the Central Forecasting Institut", Issue 25/52, 1951. 135. Orlova, Ye. M., *The Role Played by a Front in the Origin of Shower Precipitation," Ibid., Issue 38/65, 1955. 136. Popova, T. P., "On the Phase Condition of Precipitation," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyagateorology and Hydrologie, No 5, 1955. 137. Prikhottko, G. F., "Causes Leading to Formation of Advective Frontal Fogs," Ibid., No 11, 1952. 138. Prikhottko, G. V., Fogs," Ibid., No 7, 1953. 139. Prikhottko, G. V., Ibid., No 3, 1953. "Stratification of the Atmosphere During "On Vertical Air Movements During Fogs," 140. Reshetov, V. D., "On Explaining the Familiarities of the Daily Wind Course in the Atmosphere," Ibid., No 5. 1955. -62- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 141. Reshchikova, A. A. and Tonkova, Z. V., "On the Connection Between the Beight of the Lower Border of Clouds and the Visibility Range," Trudy Tsentralono astronomiehesko observatorii !SAO ffransaotione of the Contra Astrono ea 0 ? serve o ssue 1952. 142. Sadovnikov, A. V., "On the Problem of Accounting for the Effect of Temperature Adveotion upon Atmospheric Stratification," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 6, 1953. (See Item 11, page 51). 143. Slobodov, B. A., "Determination of the Geopotential Limits of Instability Energy and of the Reserves of Circulation Energy," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyaffeteorology and hydrolosg, No 1, 1956. 144. Timofeyev, M., P., "The Theory of Adveotive Fogs," Izvesti,ya AN SSSR, Seriya geofizicheskaya gave of the USSR Aoademy of Selena', Geophysical Serielf, No 6, 1955. 145. Turketti, Z. L., "Methods for Studying Precipitation," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteorology and Hydrologi?, No 1, 1951. 146. Chestnaya, I. I., "On Variations in the Height of the Lower Border of Stratus Clouds," Trudy glavnoyArfizioheskoy observatorii granaaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratot1L/, Issue 54/116, 1965. 147. Cherkaaskaya, V. M., "Peculiarities in the Formation and Development of Internal Mass Convective Precipitation Under Various Symoptie Conditions." Trudy Teentralenogo Institut* (TSIP)4rans- actions of the Central Foreeasting Institut?", Issue 31/58, 954. 148. Shiahkin, N. S., "Conditions for the Development of Convection in the Atmosphere," Trudy glavnoyfoofizichoskoy observatorii Lfi*nesotione of the Mein Geophysical Laboratoril, Issue 47/109, 194. 149. Shishkin, N. S., "Utilization of the Layer Method for Fore- casting the Vertical Capacity of Convective Clouds," Ibid., Issue 54/116, 1955. 160. Yakovleva, N. I., "Analysis of Nocturnal Cooling and Fore- casting of Frosts," Meteorologiya I 1drolo4amiPteorology and Hydrologg? No 3, 194. 151. Blyumina, L. I., "Analysis of the Recurrence of Certain Ultrapolar Prooessos," Ibid., No 1, 1964. 152. Borisova, LA G., "The Phasing of Atmospheric Macroprocesses," Trudy Tsentral,noe Institut* (TSIP) 4Fransaotions of the Central Forecasting Institute, Issue 6f6, 954. -63- rlarlaccifiPri in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 153. Hyalnitakays, V. G. and Pod', D. A.?%a Forecasting Cloudiness for a Natural Symoptio Period," jillletokke_Lkji.m221107.ALteorology and Rydro1o7, NO 2, 1955. 154. Gorge'', O. N. and Pod', D. " High-Altitude ;1' o ( 'Forecasting InstitutV, Issue 3A/63, A., "On Displacement of Components of Natural Synoptic Periods," 4Transaotions of the Central 954. 155. Kato, A. L., "On the Problem of Determining the Limits of Natural Synoptic Periods," Neteorologiya i gidrologie geteorology and Rydrolo 7, No 10, 1953. 156. Kurganakaya, V. M., "Synoptic Conditions of Significant Chilling Periods in Eastern Areas of Northern Kazakhstan," Trudy Tsentraltnogo Instituta (TSIP) ffiansacetions of the Central Fore- oastfng Institut?", Issue 36/63, 1954. 157. Pagava, S. T., "Adjacent Analogous Natural Synoptic Periods," )Leteorologiya i kidrologlia&eteorology and Hydrologe No 4, 1951. 158. Pagava. S. T., "Reourrenoe of Certain Synoptic Promises," Ibid., NO 6, 1951. 159. Pagava, S. T., "Oa a Natural Synoptic Region." Ibid., No 10, 1953. 160. Pagava, S. T., "The Foumilations of the Synoptic Method for Lon&-Range Weather Forecasts," Ibid., No 3, 1953. P6 28 161. Pagava, S. T., "On the Possibility of Preparing Daily Weather Forecasts Covering a 3-day Period," Ibid., No 3, 1953. 162. Pagava, S. T., "A Natural Synoptic Region," Trudz Teentralt no Institut& ?SIP ffransaotion.s of the Central Forecasting Institut?, Issue 36 63 954. 163. Pod', A. D. and Blinnikova,, Z. G., "Determination of the Components of High-Altitude Deformation Fields of Natural Synoptic Periods," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya getsorology and Hydrologi No 10? 1953. 164. Khrabrov, Yu. B., "Experiment in Forecasting Early Autumn Frosts Over a Natural Synoptic Period," Ibid., No 2, 1951. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001gnnn1 -7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 165. Ehrabrov, Yu. B., "On Forecasts Over a Natural Synoptic Period," Ibid., No 6, 1955. 186. Shishkov, V. G., "On Certain More Precise Definitions in the Method of Forecasting Extremely Warm and Extremely Cold Autumn Seasons," Trudy Tsentralgnogo Irttituta Gansactions of the Central Forecasting inatitutil, Issue 36763, 19W4. 167. Shishkov, V. G., "The Role of Certain Symptoms in the Current Natural Synoptic Period in Forecasting the Following Natural Synoptic Period," Neteorologiya I gidrologiga giateorology and Bydrologg, No 4, 1955. 168. Astakhova, A. I. and Semenov, V. G., "On the Stability of Water Temperature Distribution in the North Atlantic." Ibid., No 2, 1953. 169. Belinskiy? N. A., "On the Problem of Interaction Between the Ocean and the Atmosphere," Ibid., No 8, 1953. - 170. Vitells, L. A., "Arinual Course of Large Precipitation Anomalies," Ibid., No 3, 1952. 171. Vitelts, L. A., "Equinoatial Effect in Precipitation Anomalies and its Variation Over the Course of Many Years," Ibid., No 6# 1952. 172. Girs, A. A., "Concerning the Study of General Atmospheric Circulation," Iovestilys. AN SSR, &wive Geo rafichesksagaws of the USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Geographical ries No 4-,--19.55. 173. Gins, A. A., "Transformation of Atmospheric Circulation Forma and their Analysis," Metacrologiya i gidrologiyaffteteorolou and Bydrologe, No 3, 1956. 174. Giro, A. A., "Properties of the Planetary Frontal Zona Peculiar to the Principal Forms of Circulation," Ibid., No 4, 1953. 175. Dserdzsyevskiy, B. L. and Monin, A. S., "Standard Systems of General Atmospheric Circulation in the Northern Banisphere and the Circulation Index," lovestiy& AN SSSR, Sexily& geofizichoskaya gems of the USSR Academy Traiiienoes, Geophysical Serify, No 8, 1954. 176. Kate, A. L., "quantitative Characteristics of Horizontal Components of General Atmospheric Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere," Meteorologiya I gidrologizageteorology and Hydrologe, No 2, 1955. -65- 4 nanlaccifiPri in Part - Sanitized Com Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 177. Kate, A. L., "On the Study and Evaluation of Circulation," Ibid., No 6, 1954. 178. Kurganskaya, V. M., "Characteristics of Drought Periods from the Standpoint of General Circulation," Isvestiza AN SSR, Soriya keografiehoska,ya lews of the USSR, Academy of Sciences, Geographical 14riey, No 2* I93. 179. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Seasonal Changes of Planetary Frontal Zones," UCteorologiya iOroloGlageteorology and Bydrologg. No 4, l914. 180. Pogosyan, Kh. P., "Intensity of Interlatitudinal Exchange of Air Masses in Various Seasons," Ibid., No 6, 1954. 181. Samenair, V. G., "On the Relation Between Intensity of Atmospheric Circulation to and the Temperature of the Basement Surfams," Ibid., No 1, 1952. 182. Semenov, V. G., "The Effeot Exerted by the Basement Surface on the Formation of Atmospheric Nacroprooesses," Trudy:Tsentrallnogo Institute LEI:LTSZfransaotions of the Central Forecasting Institutil, Issue 35/62, 1954. 183. Bagrov, N. A. and Morskoy, G. I. "Method for Evaluating Forecasts," Meteorolo.Aiya i.gidrolosiya dioteorology and Hydrologi No 4, 1955. 184. Gavrilenko, "Extremely Warm and Cold Winters in the Ukraine and their Effect Upon Ice Breaking in Rivers," Trudy. Ukrainskogo nauehno issledovatelvako o Gidrommtecrolo-iehesko o Institute o Researe dromoteorologieal ransactlona o he Ukr ate natitutil, Issue 6, 1956. 185. Karetnikova? K. A., "Temperature Characteristics of Seasons in Contra). Asia Based on Data Obtained at the Tashkent Observatory Meteorological Station," Trudy Institute Matematiki I mekheniki IWO Akademii Nauk Usbekskoy SSR LTranaaations of the Institute of Nat atlas and Neofianics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek BSc, Issue 12, 1953. 186. Kurganskaya, V. M., "Synoptic Conditions of Significant Cold Spells in Eastern Areas of the Norezra Caucasus," Trudy Tmentrallnogo Institute (TSIP)fransaations of the Central Foreeesting Institutil, Issue 36/63, 1954. - 66 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 187. Morozova, M. I., "Result& of the Statistical and Stochastio Analysis of Precipitation Anomalies in Tashkent,' Trudy Inatituta Hatematiki i mekhaniki (IMM) Akademii Nauk Ushekskoy SSA: aransaotions of the Institute of Mathematios and Mechanics of the Academy of SOl0/10023 of the Uzbek sw, Issue 12, 1953. 188. Mbrskoy, G. I., "On the Application of Extrapolation in Forecasting Ciroulatory Conditions in the Atmosphere," Trudy Tsentrall nor Institute (TSIP ffransactions of the Central Forecasting Institutisi; Issue 34/62, 1954. 189. Nazarova, V. L., "The Effect of Air Masses of Tropical Origin on Spring and Summer Precipitation in Uzbekistan," Trudy Institute. Matematiki imekhaniki (UMM) Akademii Nauk UXbeksko SSALTransactione of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek 347, 1955. 190. Obukhov, A. M., "On Estimating the Success of Alternate Forecasts," Isvestiia AN SSR, Seriya geofiziahaukayaWews of the USSR Avadmny of Saone's, Geophysical Sorisy i , NO 4, 955. 191. Saryasakov, T. A., "Chain Processes and Problems of Weather Forecasting," Trudy Institut* Matematiki i mekhaniki (IM) Akademii Kauk Uzbekskoy 831 ransections of the Institute of Mathematics and Meohanics of the Academy of Seiences of the Uzbek 317, 1955. 192, Semenov? V. G., "Utilization of Intermediate Relative Topographic, Mgas in Long-Range Weather Forecasts," Miteorologiya i gidrologiyateorology and Rydrologg, No 4, 1951. 193. Sommenov, V. G., "Meridional and Latitudinal Synoptic Pro-. ceases Occurring Over Europe During the Winter Months," Ibid., lb 8, 1953. PE 29 194. Fbkina, re. A., "Types of Monthly Negative Temperature Anomalies in Tashkent," Trudy Institute. Matomatiki i mekhaniki {11110 Akademii Nauk Usbokskoy SSA ransactions of the Institute of Mathematics and Meohanios of the Academy of Soienoes of the Uzbek SS, 1955. 195. Geygerov; S, S., "Scma Results of Amrologioal Observations at the "North Pole-4" DriftimELStation During the Summer of 3956," 1ro1ogiya and Bydrologyl No 6, 1956. 196? Giros, A. A., "Some Peouliarities of Synoptic Processes in the Arctic and Their Relation to General Atmospherio Circulation,' Tru lavno eofisichesko observatorii 5ransaotione of the Vain ?s cal Laborato ssue 564118, 19 ? Dni-F rnpv Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 PsK 30 III. DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY A review of the principal investigations carried out in dynamic meteorology (up to the end of 1953) is given in a textbook (1), which also contains a number of new results and methodical gen- eralizations. In recent years, serious attention, was given to the problem of general atmospheric circulation and to the related problem of computing the average distribution of temperature in the atmosphere. The development and application of theories of general circulation, proposed by N. Ye. Koohin (2) and (3), and by Ye. N. Blinova (7), are described in studies (5), (8), (15), (18), (45), (56) - (59), (81), (90) and (91). Study (60) is devoted to the application of the same ideas to monsoon circulation. The problem of modeling atmospherio circulations is disoussed in study (26). An analysis of the annual course of the Earth's rotation speed and its connection with atmospheric circulation is given in studies (64) and (65). Problems of horizontal mixing with the scope of general circulation are examined in studies (48), (49) and (71). Various aspects of the theory concerned with temperature distribution in tho atmosphere are described in studies (9), (42), (43), (46), (61), (66), (86), (87) and (96). A combined computation of temperature distribution and heat currents has been performed (67). In studies (29), (36) and (54), it has been proposed to investi- gate an important problem concerning orographio influences upon air currents, based on fundamental work performed in the 1930's by N. Ye. Kochin and A. A. Dorodnitsyn. The theory of conveotive movements in the atmosphere, and specifically the theory of breezy and mountain and valley winds, has been further developed in studies (4), (12), (23) - (25), (98), and others. The theory concerned with the transformation of air masses and its applications is covered in a series of studies. The work per- formed by M. Ye. Shuts (93) shows that the approximate method devised by the author for solving equations of the parabolic type can be successfully used in problems related to boundary layers and, specifically, in problems ooncerning the transformation of air masses. The monograph by M. Ye. Berlyand (6) presents a generaliza- tion of the investigations carried out by the author over a long period of years in the field of the theory of thermal transformation of air, daily oouries of meteorological elements and applications of theoretioal results in weather forecasting and aottve influence upon the meteorological regime of the ground surface layer. For further information on this problem, attention is directed to studies (13), (19), (30), (35) and (89). -68- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 The problem of the effect exerted by the non-gradient nature of winds in the free atmosphere upon winds in the atmospheric boundary layer was examined from various aspects in studies (50), (55), and (70). A number of studies is devoted to the development of methods for computing vertical velocities, i.e., (52), (63), (74) and others, speoificallyLin the boundary layer C(40), (44), (47)J and in a front area C(28), (31), (41)1. The effect of vertical currents on evaporation and condensation of water vapors was investigated in studies (94), (95), (97) and others. Individual principles of atmospherics thermodynamics have been defined with greater precision in studies (76), (78) - (80), (83), (88) and others. Investigation and interpretation of the method for forecasting pg 31 temperature and pressure, proposed by' I. A. Kibelf in (10). (37), (53), (72), and (82), were continued in the early 19501s. In 1949, A. M. Obukhav used the vertex equation for analyzing non-stationary atmospheric processes. Since 1952, the vortex equation has been utilized as the principal relation, together with the heat inflow equation, for studies in the field of weather forecasting by means of dynamic meteorological methods. The investigations performed in this field examine various factors which exert an effect upon pressure changes in the middle troposphere, including the effect exerted by orography and the presence of fronts. A method has been developed for computing local changes in pressure, which takes into account the initial field of wind (17), (84) and (85). In studies (20), (32) and (75), certain new aspects of the problem concerning wind deviation from gradient wind are examined. Avery general interpretation of the laws governing non-stationary atmosphorio processes is given in study (38), and the concepts, presented in study (62), concerning adjuistment of the pressure field to the wind field, are further developed. The transformation of coordinates, whioh defines more precisely those equations which are used in numerical foreoasting, is suggested in study (99). Problems related to the structure of meteorological fields in which large-scale movements occur, and problems conneeted with characteristic values of space and time "derivatives," are discussed in studies (11), (74), (90), (100) and (101). The results obtained in study (101) are utilized in estimating the accuracy of various simplified equations of atmospheric dynamios (including vortex and divergence equations), while the results obtained in study (90) are used for the construction of empirical "influenoo functions," for the purpose of utilizing these functions in numerical prognosis. Specific problems of atmospheric dynamics -69- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co.y Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RDP81 ninagpnno7nnicww., Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 were investigated in studies (21), (22), (27), (33), (39), (88), (89) and others. Many studies, which have both a dynamie-sset?orologioal and synoptic significance, are listed in the "Synoptic Meteorology" Section. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Gaudin, L. S., Laykhtman, D. L., Matveyev, L. T. and Yudin, M. Is, "Foundations of Dynamic Meteorology," published by Gidroneteoisdat, 1955. 2. Koohin, N. Ye., "Simplificatton of Hydromechanioal Equations in Case of General Atmospheric Circulation," 1935. Collected Works, Vol. I, 1949, published by the USSR Academy of Soienoes. 3. Koohin, N. Ye., "Construction of a Model of Zonal Atmospheric Circulation," 1938. Collected Works, Vol, I, 1949, publishe4,by the USSR Academy of Soiencee. 4. Baysv, V. K., "Free Convection in the Atmosphere," Personal Paper, 1953, Central Institute of Forecasts, 5. Berlyand, 0. S., "Distribution of Atmospheric Pressure Over the Earth's Surface in the Case of Zonal Stationary Circulation of the Atmosphere," Isvestiya Akadonsii Nauk SSSRi Seriya geografioheakpya I geofisicheskva Lyons of the USSR Aaadepy of Sciences, Geographioal and Geophysical Seriog, Vol. 14, No 3, 1950. 6. Berlyand, M. Ye., "Forecast and Control of the Thermal Regime of the Ground Surface Atmospheric Layer," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1958. 7, Blinova, Ye. N., 'Hydrodynamic, Theory of Pressure Waves and Atmospheric Action Centers, Dokiady AN SSSROreports of the USSR Acadeny of Salome?, Vol. 39, No 7,1945. 8. Blinava, Ye. N., "On the Determination of Pressure at Sea Level," Ibid., Vol. 92, No 3, 1953. 9. Blinova? Ye. N., "On the Problem of Average Annual Temperature Distribution in the Earth's Atmosphere, Taking Into Aecount Both Continents and Oceans," Ievestiya Mdeii Nauk SSSR, Seriya goo- grafioheskaya I &?ofisichesksiya /News of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical and a.ophyiioal srT.j, Vol. II, No 1, 1947. -70- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Ap roved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 10. Bugayar, V. A., 'Rules for Qualitative Hydrodynamio Forecasts of Pressure Changes," Tashkent, 1951. 11. Bugayev, V. A., "On the Order of Magnitudes of Horizontal Derivatives of Atmospheric Pressure and ToLiporature Fields.* Izvest&ya a &own of the USSR Aoadomy o Sciences, deophysioal Series , No 1952. 12. Burman, E. A., "On the Distribution of Vertical Velooities in Breeze Ciroulations." Triad Odessko o idrometeorolo ichosko institute jransactions o the 0 essa ?ydrometeoro ogica ns itutg, No 5, 1963. 13. Burman, E. A., "Experiment in Advance Computation of the Daily Course of Air Temperature in a Coastal Area," MeteoroleAiya i gidrololya geteorology and Hydrologe, No 5, 1952. 14. Byzoms, N. L., "On the Theory of Self-Excited Fluctuations in a Thermal Convection Current," .....dz_TruMorskooidira_g_?ofizioANR institute ffransactiona of the Naval Hydrophysioal Institute of the USSR Academy of Scienaag, Vol. 6, 1955. 15. Bykov, V. V. and Moshkovioh, S. A., "Characteristics of Atmospheric) Zonal Circulation," Meteorologiya i_gidroloOyageteorology and Bydrologe, No 2, 1956. pg 32 16. Bykov, V. V., "Effect of Mountains Upon Pressure Changes in the Middle Troposphere," Ibid., No 4, 1955. 17. Vasenkov, K. A., "Analysis of Local Pressure Changes and of Conditions Leading to Cyclone Pormation in the Troposphere," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Institute (Tall') 5raneaotione of the Central Forecasting institute-, Issue 402, T956. 18. Vul*fson, N. I., "Computation of a Noni.Zonal Came of Stationary Atmospheric Circulation," Ievestira AN SSR, Seri a imp- fizicheskaya gews of the USSR Academy of Saienoss, op a ea Serial", No 2, 1951. 19. Gandin, L. S. and Solovoychik. R. E., "Periodic Temperature Course in the Presence of Adveotion." Trudy giavnox geofizioheskay observatorii gramsactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratord, Issue 601122, 1956. 20. Gubin, V. I., "Determination of Wind Velocity Based on the Pressure Field," Trudy Institute Matematiki i mekhaulki (IBM) Ikademii Nauk Umbekskoy SOILTransaetions of the Institute ofikathematias ancr lgichanfoi of the Aoadamy of Seim:acres of the Uzbek 37, Issue 14, 1955. -71- Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RnPRi_ninA Dnno7nn4 nnnnw Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 91 21. Oubin, V. I., "On the Construction of Solenoids in the Friction liver," Trudy Taxhkentskoy geofisicheskoy observatorii ffransaotions of the Tashkent Geophysical Obserratord, Issue 5, 1951. 22. Gubin, V. I? "Front Formation and Pressure Changes," Doklady AB Usb SSR iieports of the Academy of Soiencos of the Uzbek S8y, No '1, 955. 23. Gutman, L. N. and Monin, A. Se, "Looal Winds in a Mountain Area," Trudy Tsontralinov Institute (TSIP) (Transactions of the Central Forecasting inetitut!t, No 21/48, 1960. 24. Gutman, L. N., "Thermal DistUrbanoes in a Horizontal Air Current," Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanikagpplied Mathematics and Meohanie4i, lamas 3, 1950. 25. Gutman, L. N., "On Slope Wind Over a Slightly Sloping Basement Surface," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya reloeizioheaksa gems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, &ophy.oal S.ri.7 No 4, 1953. 26. Dmitriyev, A. A., "On the Modeling of Geophysical Ciroula- tions in a Rotating Parabolic Vessel," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 27. Dmitriyev, A. A., "Certain Problems of Cyclone Dynamics as Vortex Cores in a Heterogeneous Layer," Trudy Morskop gidrofisiehoskoso institute AN SSSRoransectiorut of the Naval Hydrophysical Institute of the USSR Academy of Seienceg, Vol. 6, 1955. 28. Dogadkina, N. P. and Dyubyuk, A. F., "Vertical Velocities in the Area of a Stationary Front," Trudy Tsontraltnosa_pastituta (TST jransaetions of the Central Forecasting Issue 45/72, 1958. 29. Dorodnitsyn, A. A., *Meet of the Relie of the Earth's Surface on Air Currents," Ibid., Issue 21, 1950. 30. Dyubyuk, A. F., "Changes in Air Humidity Over a Water Surface," Ibid.* Issue 25/53, 1951. 31. Dyubyuk, A. F., "Vertical Velocities Caused by Friction in the Frontal Area," Ibid., Issue 25/53, 1951. 32. Dyubyuk, A. F., "Determination of Instant Velocity Champs in Meteorological Elements," Ibid., Issue 26, 1951. -72- narlaccifiinri in Part - Sanitized Com/ Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 33. Dyubyuk? A. F., "Abnormal Motion Velookties of Pressure Centers," Ibid., Issue 203, 1961. 34. Kaohurin, L. G., "Formation of Precipitation in Clouds With Small Vertical Currents," Izvesti a AN SSR Seri a eofiziches a gews of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geophysical Series 2, 1956. 35. Klyuchnikova, L. A., *On Formation of Advective Fogs," Truday glavnoy geofizioheskoz obeervatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratoryj, Issue 6022, 1968. 36. Kibelt, I. A., "Space Problems of an Air Current Flawing Around Rough Spots on the Earth's Surface," Dokiady AN SSSRLireports of the USSR Academy of Soienceg, Vol. 100, Ao 2, 1955. 37. Mel', I. A., "Meteorologioal Application of Equations on the Hydromeohanics of a Baroolinic Fluid,* lzvestiza Akademii Nauk SSSR Seri a eo rafiohes a i eofiziohesk a LNews of the USSR Academy o oienoes, graph o an. f op s oaT Serieg, No 5, 1940. 38. Kibelt, I. A., "On the AJ:stment of Air Motion to a Gradient Motion,* Doklady Al SSSR ports of the USSR Aoadezly of Soienoeic Vol. 104, No 1, 1955. 39. Kogan, S. Ya., "On the Method of Computing an Adveotive Beat Inflow,"Tr u?teofiziohisiwoiz_.tautAkademiiNaukSSSRffrans- aotions (sopbyaioal of of the US8g71, No 37/184, 1958. 40. Laykhtanan, D. L., "On the Problea of Estimating the Vertical Component of Wind Velocity in the Ground Surface Lower,* 8bornik trudov Lenin&radskogo idramisteorologichesko o institute Zrarreted Works of the Leningr HydrometeorologA.oal Wo 3, 1964. 41. Lebedeva, N. V., "Vertical Movements in a Front,* Tsentral'nogo Institute (TSIFiffransactions of the Central li seating Institut!/, Issue 45/72, 1956. 42. Malkevich, M. S., "Vertical Distribution of Temperature in the Atmosphere,".,12L2,-.b..i,ya AN SSR0 Seriyaseofisioheske*.gaws of the USSR. Aoademy of Science's, Geophysical Seritlf, No 2, 1965. 43. Malkevich, M. S., "Method for the Theoretical Determina-. tion of the Vertical Gradient of Air Temperature," Ibid., Mb 5, 1968. 44. Matveyev, L. T., *Vertica). Currents in the Atmospheric. Boundary Layer," Ibid., No 6, 1965. -73- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 46. Mashkovioh, S. A., "On Seasonal Fluctuations of Jet Currents," Metiorologiya I gidrologiya geteorology and Eydrologe7. No 6, 1956. 46. Mashkovioh, S. A., "Distribution of Temperature According to Altitude in Various Latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres," Trudy Tsentral"nog? Institute. (TSIP) Ztransaotions of the Central Forecasting Institutlf, No 21/48, 1950. 47. Mertsalov, A. N., "Determination of Vertical Velocities in the Friction Layer Based on the Ground Pressure Field with Circular Isobars," Meteorologiya i gidrologiyageteoroloa and Eydrologg, No 11, 1951. 48. Monin, A. S., "Horizontal Mixing in the Atmosphere," Izvesti AN SSR Seri eofizicheska a giows of the USSR Academy o Sciences, ophysioal cries No 3, 1966. 49. Monin, A. S., "On Maoroturbulent Exchange in the Earth's Atmosphere," Ibid., No 4, 1956. 50. Monin, A. S., "Stationary Model of Wind Distribution According to Altitude in the Case of Curvilinear Isobars," Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya geografieheskva i goofizicheskaya a16we of the USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Geographical and Geophysical Sorieg, Vol. 13, 1949. PG 33 51. Monin, A. S. "Changes in Pressure in the Barotropie Atmosphere," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geofizicheskaya gews of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geophysical Sorieil, No 4, 1952. 52. Morskoy, G. I., "On Problem of Computing Vertical Air Velocity," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya geteorology and Eydrologa2, No 1, 1964. 53. liorskoy, G. I., *Theoretical &theme for Short-Range Fore- casts of Air Pressure and Temperature According to I. A. Kiboll," Ibid., No 2, 1951. 54. Musaelyan, Sh. A., "Space Problem of the Circumvention of the Earth's Rough Surface, Aacounting for the Spherical Nature of the Earth," ....2Lclacjy.2....._NSSS4Dgeports of the USSR Academy of Seism:oil, Vol. 103, No 5, 1955. 55. Unkhina? T. S., "The Effect Caused by Time Changes in the Pressure Gradient on Wind in the Ground Surface Layer," Tri_Lind_ Tsentrarno o Institute QUIP gransaotions of the Contia-Pbre- coasting Inat tutV, Issue 26/53, 1951. -74- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 56. Nkhitaryan, A. M., "Consideration of Ground Friction in the Problem Concerning Distribution of Pressure at Sea Level," Izvostiya AN SSR. Seri a eofizicheskeye gews of the USSR. Academy of Sciences, Geophysical r my, NO 1, 1955. 57. Ukhitaryan, A. Al., "Consideration of Vertical Turbulent NixinL in Pressure Distribution at Sea Level," Doklady AN Armi SSR sports of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSW, VOL 41, No 1, 1955. 58. Mkhitaryan, A. M. "On the Problem of Atmospheric Pressure Distribution on the Barth's Surface in Case of Non-Zonal Atmospheric Circulation," Ibid., Vol. 21, No 3, 1955. 59. Ukhitaryan, A. M., "Distribution of Atmospheric Pressure at Sea Level," Izvestija AN SSR, Seriya eofiziohesk &sews of the USSR Aoademy of Sciences, Geophysical Series No 7, 56. sp. Nkhitaryan A. Al., "Non-Stationary Problem on Monsoon Circulation," DoklacLy AN Armi SSR /sports of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SS Vol. 19, NO , 1954. 61. Ukhitaryan, A. Al., "Conoerning One aeteorological Applica- tion of the Large Scale Convection Theory," Ibid., Vol. 20, No 3, 1955. 62. Obukhov, A. M., "On the Problem of Gradient Wind," Izvesti a Akademii Nauk SSSR Seri eo raficheska a i eofizicheske ewe of the USSR Academy of clew:es, Geographic and Geop s ea Sorieg, Vol. 13, No 4* 1949. 63. Orlova, Ye. Al., "On the Problem of Computing Vertical Velocities According to Data of the Wind Field," MeteoroloaXya i gidrolorkiyagetsoroloor and Bydrologe, No 1, 1955. 64. Pariyakiy, N. N., "Changes in the Earth's Rotation Speed During the Year," Trudy geofisicheskogo institute Akademii Ilauk SSSR ifransections of the Geophysical Institute of the Academy of ScioncoS of the USS47, No 19/146, 1953. 65. Parlyskiy, N. N. and Berlyand, O. S., "Effect of Seasonal Changes in Atmospheric Circulation upon the Earth's Rotation Speed," Ibid., No 1046, 1955. -75- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001gnnn1 -7 ..11111% Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 S. Rakipova, L. It, "On the Average Annual Zonal Temperature Distribution in the Earth's Atmosphere," Trudy glavnoy geofizicheskoy observatorii frransaotions of the Main Geophysical Liborator44(0 Issue 31(6t, 952. 87* Rakipova, L. It., "Average Annual Zonal Temperature of the Earth's Atmosphere and its Determining Factors," Ibid., Issue 4003, 1953. 68. Rakipova, L. It., "Vertical Movements in the Atmosphere and Cosmic Dust," Ibid.., Issue 19, 1950* 69. Rakipova, L. it, "On the Meehanism of the Connection Existing Between Troposphere and Upper Atmospheric Layers," Ibid., Issue 28, 1951* 70. Rasumovskaya, L. P., "Peculiarities in Changes of And with Altitude in Various Parts of a Cyclone, Arising During Turbulent Friotion," Trudy Tsontral'nogo Institute (gsiP) gransactions of the Central Forecasting Institutil, Issue 203, 1951. 71. Reshetnikova, K. A., "On the Coefficient of Borisontal Exohange," Trudy lancy geofizicheskoy observatorii ffiancaotions of the 1mm Geophysical, LaporatorW? Issue 55, 1955. 72. Rome?, A. I., "On Analysis of Wind Deviations from Gradient Wind in the Free Atmosphere," 3J;215_21E4011LJLjaruityl. ffeteorology and Bydrologg, No 1, 1951. 73, ROMOV, A. I., "On Changes of Vortex and Velocity Ciroule.- tion in the Atmosphere," Trudy Ukrainekee nauchno issledovatelt skogo Gidrometeorologichoskoge Institut*mff?i'--uacTrons of the Ukrainian Scientific Researeh Bydrometeorologioal Institutil, Issue 4, 1955. 74. Rusin, M. I., "Some Problems of Kinematios of Air Currents," Vestnik LOU (Leninvadskiy Gosudarstvenvy Universitet) gerald of tbs Leningrad state Universitz(? No 5# 1954. 75* Ruppert, L. L., "On the Problem of Gradient Wind," Tr. VGUF SA, Issue 5, 1952. (See Item 11, page 51). 76. Sadovnikov, A. V., "Relation Between Relative Bumidity and Dow Point," Ibid., Issue 5, 1952. 77. Sadokov, V. P., "Consideration of Atmospherio Fronts Daring Computation of Pressure Chanes in the Middle Tropospheres.' and Aidrao No 7, 1956. -76- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 70. Slavin, I. A., "General Expression of Entropy of Humid Air." Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 5, 1952. (Soo It. 11, page 51). 79. Slavin, I. A., "Thermodynamic Interpretation of Temperature Recordings of a Wet Bulb Thermometer," Ibid., Issue 5, 1952. 80. Slavin, I. A., "Analysis of the Concepts of Meteorological Temperatures From the Standpoint of the Second Principle of Thermo- dynamics," Ibid., Issue 12, 1955. 81. Slobodov, B. Ya., "Consideration of Turbulent Exchange in the Problem of Pressure and Wind Distribution in the Atmosphere," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geofizicheskaya gfewe of the USSR Academy of Seienoe2i; No 8, 1956. ? 82. Titov, S. I., "Physical Explanation of Certain Principles of Professor I. A. Kibel's Method," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 5, 1952. (See Item 11, page 51). 83. Tkachenko, A. V., "On the Mean Temperature of a Vertical Air Column," Nauchnyp zapiski Llvovsko o Sel'skokhozyaystvenny institute goientific Notes of the L vov Agricultural Institute , Vol. 3,1952. 84. Uspenskiy, B. D., "Theory of Local Changes in Geopotential . Altitudes of Isobaric, Surfaces," Moteorologiya i gidrologAla gieteorology and Hydrologg, No $, 1954. PS 34 86. Umpenedy, B. D., "Theory of Local Changes in Ground Pressure," Ibid., No 1, 1955. 86. Feyzel"son, Ye. M., "Temperature Distribution of the Earth's Atmosphere According to Altitude in the Presence of Radiant and Vortical Turbulent Heat Exchange," Izvesti a Akademii Nauk SSSR, Attia-fichitake.ya i geofizichezkaya Owes of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical and Geophysical Serieg, No 4, Vol. 14, 1950. 87. Feygellson, Ye. M., "Effect of Clouds on the Atmospheric Haat Regime," Trudygoofisicheakogo institute Akadomii Nauk SSSR jransactions e Geophysical Institute or the Academy of Sciences of the USSLAR. No 37/164, 1956. 88. Khrgian, A. Kh. "On Atmospheric Processes Closely Related to Adiabatic Processes," Truk Tsentrallnoy astronomiohaskoy observatorii (TSAO) jransaotions of the Central Astronomical Observatord, No 6, 1952. ?77? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 JP Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 89. Tseytin, G. Kh., "On the Problem of Taking Into Account Horizontal Diffusion During the Transformation of an Air Mass," Trudy glevnoy geofizioheskoy obsorvatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratoryi, Issue 60/122, 1956. 90. Chaplygina, A. S., "24.-Hour Changes of Thermobaria Fields in the Free Atmoephers," Trudy iteofizioheskogo institute Akadenii Nauk SSSRffransaations of the Geophysieal Institute of the Academy of Soleness of the USSA7, Iesue 33/180, 1956. 91, Shviets, M. Ye., "On Peouliarities of Atmospherio movonents in the Equatorial Area," Trud lavno eofizichesko observatorii ffraneaotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato Issue 33 95, 952. 92. Shvots, M. YO., "On the Hydrodynamic Theory of Zonal Atmospherie Circulation," Ibid., Issue 41/103, 1953. 93. Shvets, M. Ye., "On an Approximate Method for Solving Certain Problems in Geophysios and Aerohydramechanics," Ibid., Issue 19/61, 1950. 94. Shvilts? M. Ye., "On. Humidity Exchange in the Atmosphere," Ibid., Issue 33/95, 1952. 95. Shvets, M. Ye., "On Condensation of Water Vapor in the Atmosphere," Isvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geofizicheskayagews of the USSR Academy of Soienoly1 No 6, 1955. 98. Shekhter, F. N., "Altitude Distribution of Mean Teeperature in a Seleotlly Absorbing Atmosphere," Trudy glavnoy eofizicheeko obeervatorii Transactions of the Main Geophysical Laborato ? Issue 37/99, 4.952. 97. Shishkin, N. S., "Clouds, Precipitation and Thunderstore Eleotrioity," Moscow, 1954. 98. Gutman, M. N., "On the Theory of Mountain and Valley Windsou Doklady AN SSSRLfsports of the USSR Academy of Soienotg, Vol. 66, No 2, 1949. 99. Yudin, M. I., "Unvariable Magnitudes in Large Seale Atmospheric) Processes," Trudy glavnoy goofizichoskoy obeervatorii Liransaations of the Main Geophysical Laboratory, Iellre 56, fra: 100. Yudin, M. I., "Certain Theoretical Problems of Meteorologioal Fi..1do," Ibid., Issue 19/81, 1950. -78- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 C ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 101. Yudin, M. I., "Application of the Statistioal Theory of Turbulonoe in Simplifying Equations of Atmospheric Dynamics," Ibid., Issue 33/95, 1952. 102.- Yaglom, L. M., "Dynamics of Large Scale Processes in a Barotropic Atmosphere," I:mestizo. AN SSR. Seriya geofizicheskaya ffiews of the USSR Academy of Soienoey,? Mo 4, 1953. P& 35 IV. ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS AND ACTINOMETRY The present chapter summarizes briefly the principal results of investigations iu the fields atmospherio optics and aotinometry, which have been conducted in the USSR since 1950. This summary is limited to a discussion of purely optical problems, leaving aside certain applications (in the heat balanoe, and others). A ideal Pro rties of the Elements in the Atmos here. Molecules. Labors ory vest gations were pa) orme on a sorp on ? eater vapor in the near infra-red region. Considerable deviations from Huger-. Berle lawyers, found to exist in the region of partial pressures ranging from 10 to 100 millibars (1). In view of the fact that Buger-Derts law is not fulfilled in the atmosphere, a method was developed for computing radiation . absorption by 1120 and CO2 molecules based on experimental trans- mission functions (2), (5). The reverse problem VOA also investi- gated, namely determination of the water vapor content in the atoosphore by the spectroscopic method (3). Aerosol and Cloud Particles. The theory of light dispersion by small particles in the atmosphere was elaborated along the follow- ing lines: elimination of various unolarified points in the theory, development of approximate methods for computation of large spherical and mon-spherical particles, and tabulation of accurate formulas. A general review of the results obtained and a systematic discussion of the problem are given in a book (3), while a more detailed dis- cussion of separate items is given in studies (7), (8) and (10) - (14). Among the individual results obtained, one should note the clarification of the paradoxical doubling of the attenuation factor On large particles (8), oaused by diffraction peculiarities of particle dispersion. Curious resonance phenomena during light dispersion on small particles were discovered (9). Detailed com- putations of the dispersion and polarization indicatrix on a -79- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release O-Yr 2014 05 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 maximum large-size water droplet in the visible range were carried out (7), followed later by examination of the ultra-violet and infra- red regions (20). The theoretical transition from precise diffraction formulas to geometrieal optical formulas was investigated (10), and the indicatrix of light dizpersion by a cloud drop was computed (9). Dispersion on large transparent particles of spherical or arbitrary shape was Investigated experimentally (4). It was found that indieatrioes of non-spherical particles were much loss elongated. Peculiarities of the heat radiation of mall particles were theo- retically investigated (9), as well as heat radiation of water drops, in connection with the problem concerned with the effect of fog on the radiation balance of the Earth's surface (13). An approximate method yielding simple formulas even for non-spherical particles (ellipsoids) was developed in study (8). Conditions under which dispersion of light by individual particles in a volume may be considered as incoherent are investigated in study (12). A theory on light dispersion by arbitrary double layer particles VAX established (15), and detailed computations were made in (16) of radiation properties of cloud drops in the infra-red region pg 36 (up to U17 u) (18). The effective diameter of small particles for a 90? angle dispersion was investigated (17). The reverse problem was solved, namely the utilisation of an experimentally measured dispersion indicatrix for determintug the distribution curve of sol particles according to their sizes. This problem is +closely connected with the problem regarding conditions under which the so-called "coronas" may be observed (18), (19). Theory of Radiation Transfer in a Cloudless Atmosphere. The theory a radiant transfer in the atmosphere has been devilopod along the following lines: a. Transfer of heat radiation, as applied to problems of atmospheric thermodynamios and dynamic meteorology. b. Dispersion of short-wave radiation in a cloudless atmosphere, as applied to problems of atmospheric optics, visibility, and aerial photography. A general review of the results obtained is given in studies (28) and (27), and, in oonnection with the problem of thermal regime in the ground surface layer (21). Some of the most important results will now be examined. Transfer of Thermal Radiation. Distribution of solar infra-red radiation in the atmosphere and gurt inflow caused by its absorption, -80- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 have been. caloulated (32)0 (35). The problem of radiant equilibrium of a gas sheath surrounding a totally black sphere has been solved (30). New designs and patterns of absorption spectra of the principal absorbing substances have been obtained (27). Methods which take into acoount selective absorption in heat exohange problems have been developed (27), (51), and temperature distribution according to altitude, a000unting for all the prinoipal typos of heat exchange, has been computed. Vertical temperature distribution, with a schematic account for selectivity of absorption, has been investigated (33), (34), (40. Dispersion of Short-Wave Radiation. Serious efforts have been made I() develop mathematical methods ?or solving transfer equations (24), (25), (31), (47). Computations were carried out on the intensity of dispersed light in the atmosphere, and on smoke oontent factors in ease of spherical elongation,also various degrees of elongation of non-spherical dispersion indicatrices (28), (29), (46). Accurate methods have been developed for determining the intensity of radiation emitted by a medium (23). (43). An aocurato method for determining the light regime inside a medium ix given in study (17). Statistical methods for solving problems related to the theory of light dispersion have been developed (42), (44), (45). Methods for the approximate accounting of multiple dispersion during determination of the bright- ness of the sky in daytime have been developod,lhieh make results of observations free from the effect of higher-order aspersion (23), (38), (29), (40), (43), (49), (50). In this oonneotion, a number of studies take into consideration the spherical nature of the Earth (40), (49), (50). One must point out investigations concerned with light propagation in the atmosphere, which take polarisation into account (41), as well as investigations aimed at the mathematical foundation of the radiation transfer theory (22). Trans * rano Bri ?0 tness and Polarisation in a Cloudless Atm_p_v re.MO 0 ?all gayer ng t ow o so ar r ? ation onthe surface VAS studied on the basis of observations and calculations (52), (60), (64). (73). Certain data related to the problem of the daily course of spectral factors of atmospherie transparency wore also obtained (65). Total absorption of solar radiation in different layers of the atmosphere was investigated by means of pyranometrio observations made in several locations from airplanes and balloons (54), (57), (62), (63), (74), (75). It was found that this total absorption is 1.5 times greater than the absorption caloulated by the well-known formula of Mellor. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R00270fl1gonn1 -7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Pg Several studios were devoted to investigation of the distribu- tion of power and visual brightness of the firmament (56), (59), (78). The dispersion indicatrix of the entire atmosphere MAII investigated, and a simple method for its determination, based on observations of the sky's brightness, was developed (66) - (72). Optical properties of the atmosphere prevailing in mountain owl-. ditions were investigated separately (73). It rag found that the 37 results of measurement of the effeotive radiation at the Earth's surface were in good agreement with theoretical calculations, where- by the advantages displayed by the new radiation nomogram were partioulariy conspiouous (58), (76). Balloon measurements performed up to 8 kms. altitude confirmed the fact that the effective water vapor density is proportional to the square root of pressure (77)4 Investigations of the distribution of back radiation in a clear firmament allowed the experiaental detormipation of the multiplier a000unting for the diffusivity, which was equal to 1.68/0.05, and also permitted to determine the integral absorption function (55). The long-wave radiation of the Earth's surface was successfully used in experiments aimed at determining the mean temperature of this surface (53), (61). Optics of Clouds and Fogs. A general analysis of the problem is given in a book (92). Studies on radiation transfer in clouds were conducted along the following lines: a. Investigations primarily concerned with microphysios of absorption and dispersion proems*** of radiant energy on drop-thin water. Tho results obtained are used in developing a theory of radiation processes in clouds, based on the solution of Schwartssohild's approximate equations (92) - (96). b. Investigations based on the solution of preeise radiation transfer equations, with simplified assumption* on absorption and dispersion properties of clouds (85), (87) - (90). The experimental investigation of multiple light dispersion in turbid media yielded interesting results (86). o. Measurements of aloud transparency in mountain conditions (Elbrus) agreed in a satisfactory-manner with theoretical expecta- tions. An optical method, which permits to study separately the liquid and vapor phase in a cloud, was successfully developed (82). Direct airplane measurements of long-wave radiation currents in clouds agreed with theoretical calculations. (84). Detailed investigations were conducted on the reflection, penetration, and absorption of solar radiation by clouds of various shapes (91). D,r1. - Caniti7Pr1 rs.nnv Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R0027001900717 ?111 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 RAlinILALE_Alemtalioralsurface. Investigations were conducted both on the ground azul from aircraft. A general review of these investigations is given in (109) and (111). around Measurements. The mechanism of spectral and angular variations of albedo in various soils, vegetation types, 11110Ar, and ice were studied (93) - (95), (97) - (102), (106), (112), (113), (115), (118), (120). As a rule, albedo alminishes with increasing Sun altitude, which is due to a change in the angle of incideuce of Sun rays and in the spectral composition of light (106), (108), (112). It was found that the albedo of water basins is influenced by water turbidity and agitation (26), (1p7), (110), (118). New and perfected computations of terrestrial albedo were performed, and it was discovered that the metoorologioal method for determining the albedo of the Earth coinoidos as a whole with the photometric method (96), (103), (117). It was established taat the radiation current reflected by the Earth's surface possesses a considerable =isotropic) character (101). In the infra-red region of the solar spectrum the albedo of a number of natural soil covers was found to amount to 30 - 40% (121). The spectral reflecting capaci4y of a barite paper standard was investigated (102). Aerial Measurements. The albedo of certain surfaces was determined from an aircraft (99), (113) and from a balloon (116). It was discovered chat changes in alkiedo with altitude sometimes result in higher, sometimes in lower, albedo values (119). The effoet of pressure (i.e. flight altitude) on recordings of pyranometers was established (104). Actinometry. Instruments and Recording Methods. Together with theoretical studies, methods and techniques of actinomstric observations have been improved. While before the war, aotinometry pg 38 was primarily directed toward investigations of atmospheric trans- parency and calculations of Sun and sky short.wave radiations, as macroolimatio radiation characteristics, instruments have been transferred in recent years from observatory towers to meteorological site's and the observation periods have been coordinated with clima- tological periods (15). The principal activity of observation stations include measure.- mont of residual (balance) radiation, both total and short-wave (0.3 - 4u) radiation, by means of actinometers, pyranometers and balanoemeters. Separate investigations in the vicinity of the station furnish information on the radiation regime of the principal ground surface types in the station area. The albedo of the earth ? ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 CIA-RDP81-01043R0077nn1annn1 7 ? 83 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 is investigated by means of an inverted pyranometer. Time intervals between direct observations amount to 3 hours in daytime and 6 hours at nighttime. Former stations were equipped with severs. point galvanographs for recording aotinometer readings, the shaded pyranometer? and in some stations, of the balancemeter. New stations are equipped with a three-position recorder, which is used primarily for reeording total radiation. The aotinomator, pyranometer, and balanometer are also connected with this recorder. Photorecorders, electronic and mechanical self-recording potentiometers used in individual stations. New models of mechanical galvanographs are being developed for stations deprived of alternating current. Development of integrator aotinographs has just started. A thermoelectric) type of aotinometer, designed by Savinov, is used in the USSR network. It has an increased sensitivity and a 100 angle of aperture, the aperture being twice as large as the ref:mixer. The same angle is utilised in the shading of pyranometers and balanoemetims. The sensitivity of actinometers is approximately 7 mimgicrovoltil per 1 cal/sq. cm. min, with a 15 ohm resistance. The inertia is equal to 20 seconds. Pyranometers (153) under a semi -spherical glass hood are equipped with square, black and white thermobattories having a sensitivity of 8 - 11 Inky and an inertia of 30 seconds. The relation between sensitivity and angle of incidence is established for each instrument, and this relation is considerable in view of the use of convex glasshoods. This relation is taken into aocount during processing of data. The selectivity of parameters and its offset upon measurements of dispersed radiation are being studied at the present time. Balanoemoters having a high frame heat conductivity and equipped with 340 oonstantan silver thermocouples, have a 7 nkv. sensitivity (at a 600 ha rosistanms) which is reduced by 2 - 2.7% when wind velocity increases by 1 m/seo. ffind is determined by simultaneous wind meter recordings. Artifioial blowing is not performed during calm weather. The selectivity of the receiver has been studied. The effect of the air current struoture on balanoemeter recordings is being studied. Savinaes pyrgeomster of new design is used in some stations. A g.neral needle-type GSA-I galvanometer equipped with stretchers and encased in a white east frame, allowing to conduct operations under field conditions in the sun, is used with all four instruments. ?84- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 1? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Pyranameters and balancemeters, their parameters of'which are being adapted to galvanometers, have recently been improved. Radial- symmetrical pyranometsrs with a standard eensitivity of 5.7 mkv, a 19 ohm resistanoe and 10 sect. inertia, which errors (mused by batteries here been reduced, are being introduced, as well as low ohm balanoemsters equipped with a copper oonstantan battery having the same sensitivity and resistanoe. A. metal rack for installing instruments at the station has been designed, which permits a rapid grading of the instrument and which always exposes the pyranometers and balanoemeters from the same side to the sun. Observations with the aid of pyranometers and balancemeters are accompanied by simultaneous observations with an aotinometer equipped pg 39 with a separate galvanometer, thus permitting to control the results of observations of albedo and of residual radiation intensity under variable sunshine. A thermoelectric aetinauetor or a bimetal Mikhelson's aotinometer, and in some stations a pyrheliometer, are used as control instruments for checking pyranometers and balanaemeters. In addition to Angstrom,- type and Soviet pyrheliometers, modified instruments proposed by Voloshin are used which have a circular receiving aperture and whioh are equipped with thermobatteries of higher sensitivity. Bolometrio pyrheliometors with a round aperture, proposed in Saratov by Wyushkov and Sayarov, deserve consideration. The aperture angles of these instruments are the same as in actinometers. The number of stations measuring illumination (or light exposure) has been reduced to 6 at present, but will be increased again during the International Geophysical Year. Recorders of ultra-violet radiation are undergoing tests. Methods used in actinometrio obeervations are described in special "Directives, published in 1947, part of which have beoome somewhat obsolescent and which have been supplemented by methodical instructions (151). An expanded handbook guide is in the press, which contains a description of methods for recording actinometrio data. Checking guides describe methods for checking astinometers and eyrheliometers and instruments recording artificial radiation souroes. Modern instruments are described in a new edition of V. N. Kedroli- vanskiy's book. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R0o27on1qnnni _7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 The Problem of Visibility. Visual thresholds and other characteristics of vision mere studied in detail in oonneotion with the problem of visibility range of distant objects and lights (122), (124), (127), (128), (129), (131), (143). A large amount of work was devoted to improving method* for measuring visibility. A now instrument for measuring visibility, known as a contrastmeter, was developed at the Main Geophysieal Observatory, which is based on the principle of extinguishing the field of vision with inoreased brightness (133) - (138). A standard method for vista determination of the visibility range, based on contrasts of distant objects, has been developed (123) - (125), (129) - (132), (140), (143). The visibility range of real objects and lights under normal conditions WAX investigated (124) - (126), (129), (130) - (142), (144). Atmospherio Ozone. Investigations were conducted whioh were concerned both with theoretical foundations (145), as well as with the practical development (149) of methods for the determination of atmospheric ozone, based on absorption in several sections of the ultra-violet speotrum range. Some results of ozone observations are described in articles (146) - (148) and in a review monograph (150). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bronshteyn, A. M., "Investigation of Radiation Absorption by Water Vapor of Different Densities and Temperatures,* Trudy glavnoy geofizicheakoy observatoriiiiransaotions of the Main Geo- physical Laboratord, Issue 42 04, 963. 2. Kuznetsov, Ye. S., "Calculation of Water Vapor Absorption Factors in Cases of Digression From Bugeta Lew," Trudyeofizichesko o institute Akademii Nauk SSSRLfransaotions of the eophyuioa1 Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U5S27, No 23, 1954. 3. Toropova, T. P., "Determination of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content by the Speotroscpsio Method," Doklady AN SUR sports of the USSR Academy of Soienoe27, Vol. 86, No 1, 1952. 4. Fedorova? Ye. O., "Study of the Indications of Light Dispersion by Large Transparent Particles of Spherical and Arbitrary Shapes," Personal Dissertation Thesis, Leningrad, 1952. 5. Feygollson, Ye. M., "On AbsorptiTo Properties of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere," Izvesti a AN SSR Seri a gpofizioheakeya deirws of the USSR Academy o Soiences No 1, 1955. -86- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 40 6. Shifrin, K. S., "Light Dispersion Faotor on Large Particles," Isvesti a Akademii Nauk SSSR Serija orafioh.skaya & eofisioheskaa Aiwa of the USSR Academy of oiences, (Iograp1iiaaI and ophiiical No 1, 1950. 7. Shifrin, K. S., "Light Dispersion on Large Water Drops and Polarisation of Light in Rainbows," Ibid., No 2, 1950. 8. Shifrin, K. S., "On the Theory of Light Dispersion in the Atmosphere,* Trudy islavzkoy frofisioheskoy observatorii ffiansactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratory'', Issue 19, 1950. 9. Shifrin, K. S., "I4 ht Dispersion in a Turbid Medium," published by Gostokhisdat State Publishing House of Theoretical and Technical Literature, 195 10. Shifrin, K. S., "Light Dispersion on a Maximum Large Trans- parent Particle." Trudy glarnoy geofisioheskoy observatorii ffrans- actions of the Main Geophysical Laboratorz", Issue 26/86, 1951. U. Shifrin, K. S., "Derivation of Formulas for Natural Light Dispersion from the 'MI' Formula for the Dispersion of Linear- Polarised Light," Ibid., Issue 26, 1951. 12. Shifrin, K. S., "On Coherence of Light Dispersion in Trans- parent Systems," Kolloidnyy shurnal Leolloid Journeg, No 2, 1951. 13. Shifrin, K. S., "'afoot of Fog on Radiation Balance," Trudy ,glavn.oy geofisiches* observatorii gransaations of the Main Geophysical Laborato , Issue 27, 1451. 14. Shifrin, K. S., "Relation Between Extinction and Dispersion Along the Direction of Incident Ws," Ibid., Issue 26, 1951. 15. Shifrin, K. S., "Light Dispersion on Double Layer Particles," Isvesti AN SSR Seri eofiziohes 616ws of the USSR academy of Sciences 952. 16, Shifrin, K. S., "On the Theory of Radifttion Properties of Clouds," Doklady AN SSSR Li:rsports of the USSR Academy of Soiencee,, Vol. 94, No 4, 1954; Trudy glavnoy geofiziches* observatorii 45hansaotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato , Issue 46, 1955. 17. Shifrin, K. S., "On the Theory of Optical Research Methods for Colloid Systems," zaoohuogo institute ffransactione of the Correspondence Wood Technology Institutg, 143-77-11M, Leningrad. ? rlarlaccifiPri in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 41 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 18. Shifrin, K. S., "Calculation of a Certain Class of Definite Integrals Containing the Square of Bonsai's First Order Function," Ibid., No 2, 1956, Leningrad. 19. Shifrin, K. S., "Optical Investigations of Cloud Particles," Trudy glevnoy .afizioh.akoy obeervatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical La ratoryl, 19 8,(in print). 20. Shifrin, K. S. and Rabinovich, Yu. I., "Spectral Indioatrioes of Cloud and Rain Drops," Ibid., 1956, (in print). 21. Berlyand, M. Ye., "Forecasting and Control of the Thermal Regime of the Atmospheric Ground Layer." Leningrad, 1956. 22. Gusev, M. I., "Basis for an Elementary Theory of the Radia- tion Field," Trudy lams eofisioheskoy observatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysicalratore, Issue.48, 1954. 23. Gutshabash, S. D., "Light Dispersion in Medium With Variable Dispersion Indioatrix," Uohenyy. sa iski Leningra,skoo osudarstvennogo uaiversiteta galantine iotes of the Leningrad tate Universit.e, Issue 25, No 153, 1952. 24. Kogan, S. Ya., "On the Method of Spherical Functions in Atmospheric Optics," Doklady AN SSSRCELeports of the USSR Academy of Scion/cog, 1966. 26.. Kogan, S. Ya., "On Applying the Method of Spherioal Functions for Solving the Problem of Light Dispersion in the Atmosphere." (in print). 28. Kondratlyev, K. Ye., "Radiant Energy of Sun," Leningrad, 1955. 27. Iondratiyev, K. Ya., "Radiation Heat Exchange in the Atmosphere," Leningrad, 1966. 28, Kusnetsov, Ye. S., *Theory of Ion-horizontal Visibility," Isvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Soriya geograficheskaya i geofisicheskaya biome of the USSR Academy of Seisms**, Geographical and Geophysical Serieg, Vol. 7, No 5, 1943. 29. Kusnetsov, Ye. S. and Ovohinskiy, B. V., "Results of the Numerical Solution of the Integral Equation on the Theiry of Light Dispersion in the Atmosphere," ?rut, Aeofisicheskogo institute Akademii Mauk SSSR?Yransaations of the geophysioal Institute-of the Academy of Sciences of the USW% No 4, 1949. - 88 - ? 44 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 30. Kuznetsov, Ye. S., "Radiation Equilibrium of a Gas Film Surrounding a Black Sphere," Isvesti a AN SSR Seri a eofiziohesk gews of the USSR Apadeay of cienoes No 31. Kusnetsov? Ye. S., "General Method for the Construotion of Approximate Equations of Radiation Energy Transfer," Ibid., No 4, 1951. 32. Kuznetsove Ye. S., "Absorption of Solar Radiation by the Earth's Atmosphere," Trudy geofizicheskop institute Akademii Bank SSSRjransaations of the Geophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the usw; No 23, 1954. 33. Nalkevich? M. S., "On Vertical Temperature Distribution in the Atmosphere," Izvestiya AN SSR, Soriya geofizioheskayaffievis of the USSR Academy bi Sciencey, No 2, 1955. 34. MAikovioh, M. S., "Method for the Theoretical Determination of the Vertical Gradient of Air Temperature," Ibid., No 6, 1956. 35. Malkevich, M. S., "Theoretical Calculation of Solar Radia- tion Absorbed by the Atmosphere During Various Intervals," Truoty, eofizicheskogo institute Akademii Nauk SSSRffransaotions of the oihysxoal Institae of the Aoademy of Sciences of the US NO 37, 1956. 36. MRikevioh, M. S., "On Solving integral Equations of the Theory of Light Dispersion in the Atmosphere," Izvesti a AN SSR, Seriya eofizicheskaya /yews of the USSR Aoademy of Science!!, 9, 1956. 37. Ninin, I. N., "On the Light Regime in a Turbid Medium," Ibid., 1956 (in print). 38. Pyaskovskaya-Fesenkova, Ye. V., "The Accounting of Higher Order D,Imi/spersion." Doklady ANSnRgieports of the USSR Academy of &deuces , Vol. 36, No i, 1953. 39. Pyaskovskaya-Fisenkova, Ye. V., "Sky Brightness, Accounting for Light Dispersion of all Orders," Ibid., Vol. 103, Mb 6, 1955. 40. Pyaskovskaya-Fesenkova, Ye. V., "On Accounting for Light Dispersion of Higher Order," Izvestiya AN Kaz. SSR, seriya astronomioheskeya i. fizicheskaya Owes of the Aoad.:7 of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Astronomical and Physical Series , No 1-2, 1955. =89? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01041Rnn27nniannnl 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 wet!. C?-? pg 41 41. Rosenberg, G. V., *Stokes Veotor-Paramoter," Uspekhl fisicheskikh nauk grogress of Physical Scieneag, Issue 1, 1955. 42. Soboism. V. Ve, "Iva Method in the Theory of Light Dispersion," Astronomicheskiy xhurnal (-Astronomical journag, Vol. 28, No 5, 1951. 43. Sobolev, V. V., "Theory of Light Dispersion in Planetary Atmospheres," Us akhi astronomicheskikhnaukffrogress of Astronomieal Naienceg, Vol. V, 1954. 44. Sobolair, V. V., "Formation of Absorption Lines in Non- Coherent Light Dispersion," Astrn.heakiy shurnalgstronomioal Journal?, Vol. 31, No 3, 195t 45. Sobolev, V. V., "Radiation Diffusion with Redistribution ?Frequencien," Vestnik LOU Leni radski Gosudarstvennyy universitet) Herald of the Leningrad State ?iversi No 5, 1955, 46, Foygeltson, Ye. M. Malkevich, U. S. and Kogan, S. Ia., "Calculation of Light Brightness in the Atmosphere DuriE0 Anisotropie Dispersion,* Truoty Institut& fisiki atmosfery AN SSSRffransactions of the Institute for Atmospheric Physics of the USSR Acadeey of Scienoag, No 2, 1957. 47. Feygelsson, Ye. M. and Pastukbov? V. A., "Simplified Method for Accounting for Elongated Indicatrices in Problems of Atmospheric Optics," Isvestiya AN $SR, S.rija geofisicheskaya j6ws of the USSR Academy of Scieneey, No 4, 1966. 48. Fbygelyson, Ye. M., "The Aaoonnt of Selective Absorption in the Theory of Radiant Heat Exchange in The Atmosphere," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 49. Fesankov, V. G., "On the Brightness of Daytime Cloudless Sky in Case of a Spherioal Earth," Doklady AN SS8Rjeports of the USSR Aoadoey of Soicnoeic Vol. 101, No 5, 1955. 50. Fesenkov, V. G., "On the Theory of the Brightness of Daytime Sr in Case of a Spherical Earth," Astronomioheskiy shurnal Astronomical Journal?, Vol. 32, No 1, 1955. 51. Shekhter. F. N. "Computation of lonvwave radiation Corr/rat' from a Limited Solid Angle and from Ralf-Spaoe," Trudy jlavnoy geofisicheskoyobservatorilLfransaotions of the Main GIopbysLcal Laboratorzt, Issue A, IA& 90 npnlassified in Part - Sanitized COPY Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 52. Barashkova, Ye. P., "Relation of Dispersed Radiation to the Turbidity Factor," Ibid., Issue 4008, 1955. 53. Gayevskiy, V. L., "Surface Temperature of Large Areas," Ibid., Issue 26/68? 1951. 54, Goysa, N. I., "Absorption of Solar Radiation in the Free Atmosphere in the Kiev Region," Trudy Ukrainskogo nauohno - issledovateltskoso Gidrometeorologichsskogo Institute 4Transe.ctions of the Ukrainian Soientifio Research Hydrometeorologioal Institute, Issue 5, 1955. 55. Yelovskikh, M. P., "Angular Distribution of the Intensity of Thermal Atmospheric Radiation and Certain Applications," Dissertation, 1956, Leningrad State University. 56. Zavodohi kava, V. G. and Kondratlyev, K. Ya., "On Spatial Distribution of Dispersed and Reflected Radiation," Vestnik LOU beni tradski Gosudarstve universitet gerald of the Leningrad State Univers/ No 2, 9 57. Kastrov, V. G., "Measurements of the Absorption of Solar Radiation in the Free Atmosphere," Trudy Ts.ntr*1'ny astronomioheskoy observatorii T140) tiansaations of the Central Aatronoaiaal Observatorzt? Issu. if, 1952. 68. Kirillova, T. V., "Comparative Evaluation of Various Methods for the Determination of Effeotive Radiation on the Earth's Surfaoe," Tru lATUD eofisicheako observatorii jransaotions of the Main 9 95 ophys os La re o Issue 59. Kondratiyev? K. Ye., Kudryartseva, L. A. and Nanolova, M. P*. 'Distribution of the Energy and Light Intensities o: Atmospherio Radiation Dispersion on the Firmament," Vistnik LOU (L.ziin?dskiy Gosudarstv univ?rsitet),fferald it the LiErngrad tate iversite, No 5, 1966. 60. Kondrattyiev, K. To. and Manolava, M. P., "On the Inflow of Dispersed Radiation Upon the Surfase of a Slope," Meteorologiya sidrologiya gemorilogy and lipdrologe, No 6, 1965. 61. Loginova, Z. A., "on the Problem of Basement Surfaee Temperature Dissertation,* 1956, Leningrad State University. 62. Lopukhin, Ye. A. "Study of the Radiation Field in the Lower Part of the Troposphere on Cloudless Days over Tashkent," Institute Retematiki i mekhaniki IMM Akademii NaUk ransaotions ti o Ma tics Manias of t ? Academy of Sarno** of the Uzbek SS Issue 14, 1955. - 91 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 63. Ltvova, Ye. M., "Measurements of Total Solar Radiation and Barth Albedo up to a Height of 10 - 20 km," Trudy Tsentralsnoy astronomiohaskor obeervatorii (TSA0) 2! lwasaatione of the Central Astronomioai Obeervatore, Issue 18, 1955. St. Malchotkin, L. G., "On Changes in the Intensity of Non-. Monochromatic Radiation in a Limited Interval," Trudy' 41arlav geofisicheakoy observatorii Transaetions of the Main GeoiLysioal Laboratore, Issue 26/88, 1961. 65. Nikitiuska, N. I., "Application of Interference Filters for Speotral Analysis of Solar Radiation," Ibid., Issue- 4008, 1955. 86. Pyaskovskaya-lesenkova, Ye. V., "On the Asymmetry of the Atmospheric Indioatrim of Light Dispersion," Doklady AN SSSR geports of the USSR Academy of Soienoeg, Vol. 75, No 2, 3150. 67. Pyaskovskaya-Fesealcova, Ye. V. "Distinct Sky Areas mith Reference to Light Dispersion," Astronomiebeskiy zhurnal 5'stronomioal Journag, Vol. 27, Issue 4, 1950. 68. Pyaskovskaya-Fesenkova, Ye. V., "Certain Peculiarities of Light Dispersion in the Barth'. Atmosphere," Isvestiya An Kas. SSR seriya astronomioheskara i fizicb.akcy of the Aoademy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR? Astronomical and Physical &wise, Issue 5, 1951. 69. Pyaskovskaya-Feeenlcova, Ye. IT., "Relation of Light Dis- persion in the Atmosphere to Wave Length,* Dokiady AN SSSR gsports of the USSR Aoademy of Seienoes7, Vol. 80, No 4, 151. 70. Pyaskovskaya-Tesenkova, Ye. V., "The Corona Near the SIM in the Infra--Red Rays of the Spectrums* Ibid., Vol. 85, No 5, 1952. 71. Pyaskovskaya-Fesenkova, Ye. V., *Certain Data on the Atmospheric Indiostriz of Light Dispersion," Ibid.? Vol. 86, No 5, 1952. 72. Pyaskovskaya?Feeenkova, To. V., "Certain Data on Optical Properties of the Atmosphere in Mountainous Conditions,* Astronctabsskiy shurnal Listronomieal Journsg, Vol. 29, Issue 3. ? 73. Fesadkov, V. G., "On the Brightness of Daytime Cloudless S1,7," Doklady AN SSSRCReports of the USSR Amid?' of Soienock.E, No 5, 94. 101, -1955; tronomieheskiy shuraal Astronomioal urneg, No 5, 1955. NV Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81 ninLy1Pnn97nniannni 7 - 92 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Pg 42 74. Sivkov, S. I., "General Mechanism of the Daily Irradiation Course of a Horizontal Surface by Solar Radiation," Trudy lavno 40ofiziohoakoy observatorii ffransactions of the Maii1.ophysiea1 LaSoratoryl, Issue t6/88, 1951. 75. Chkhaidze, Sh. M., "Solar Radiation and Atuospherio Turbidity on the Kanobili Mountain," Benetton, Abastumyanskoy astrofizioV observatorii gulletin of the Abastumyani Astrophysical Obaiirvato , 37=70766: 76. Chkhaidze, Sh. M., "On the Adduotion of Atmospheric Trans- parency Factors," Izvesti a AN SSR, Seri a eofiziches &gems of the USSR Academy o cienoes No 6, 952. 77. Faraponova, G. P., "Certain Results of Aotinometric Observations in Free Balloons," Trudy Taentra1ln0 astronomioheskay observatorii (TSA0) Zfransaotions of the Central Astronomical btmervatorW, Issue 8, 1952. 78. Faraponova, G. P. and Kastrov, V. G., "Actinometric Observe.- tions in the Lower Troposphere Over Kyzyl-Kum," Ibid., Issue 13, 1954. 79. Shekhter, F. N., "On Computation of the Radiant Heat Current in the Atmosphere," Trudy slavzkoy fieofizioheskoy observatorii jrans- actions of the Main Geophysical Labors:bond, Issue 22784, 1950. 80. Shlyakhov, I. I., "Investigation of the Long-Wave Radiation Balance in the Troposphere," (in print). 81. Yaroslavtsev, I. N., "Brightness Distribution in the Sky," Izvestiya AM SSR. Seriya seofiziohaskaya glows of the USSR Academy of Science!/, No 1, 1953. 82. Booharov, Ye. I., "Certain Problems of Spectral Traneparency of Clouds and Fogs," Personal Dissertation Abstract, MOsoow, 1955. 83. Toropova, T. P., "Determination of the Water 'Vapor Content in the Atmosphere," Izvestiya AN (as. SSR, **rip' astronomicheskaza fizicheskrtSiews of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Astronomical Physical &trite, No 1-2, 1955. 84. Gayevskiy, V. L., "Measurement of Radiation Currents in Clouds." Trudy glarnoy_geofizichtskey observatorii flransaations of the Man Geoihysioal Laboratorid, issue 46/108, 1955. -93- Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr2014/05/29:CIA_Rnipp Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RD P81-01043R00270.0190001-7 8$. lardn, N., "On the Theory of the Light Regime in Deep Areas of a Cloud Layer," Ibid., (in print). 86. Timofeyeva, V. A., "Complex Light Dispersion in Turbid Media," Tru. Morsko o idrofisiohesko o institute gransaotions of the Nava rophysioal Inst e of t USSR Aaadesny of Soienotg, Vol. III, 1953. 87. Feygel*son, Ye. Ms, "Radiation Prrffortieff of Clouds," lavestiya AN SSR, &milt geofizioheskva &News of the USSR Academy ot Soionoezi, No tit, 1951. 88. Feygeltson, Ye. Lt., "Determination of the. Water Content of Clouds Based on Their Dispersion Power." Trudy ofiziohesko .inatituta Akadeaaii Nauk SSS R ffransactions of the Geophysioal Institute of the Academy of Soleness of the USSff. No 23, 1954. 891, Feygell son, Ye. M., "Absorption of Solar Energy in the Atmosphere in the Presence of Clouds," Ibid., No 23, 1954. 90. Feygeltson, Ye. M., "Vertioal Temperature Distribution in the Atmosphere in the Presence of Clouds," Ibid., No 37, 1956. 91. Chertsov, N. I., "Investigation of the Refleotion, Pene- tration and Absorption of &la,. Ractiaiktiewl by Clouds of Certain Shapes," Trudy Tsentrallnoyastronamioheskoy observatorii Jransact OnS of the Central ronamlaal Observato Issue 8, 1952. 92. Shifrin, K. S., "Millet of Fog on the Radiation Balsams," Trudy 1avnoy ofizioheskoy obserrstorli ransaotions of the ophys o Laboratore, Issue 27, 191. 93. Shifrin, K. S., "Light Dispersion in a Turbid Medium," 1951. 94. Shifrin, K. S. and flogdanoya, N. P., "On the Theory of the Effect Fixerted by Fog on the Radiation Balanee," Trudx;lavnoy g.ofiziohsakoy observatoril gransaotions of the Main Geophysioal eixwatord. AMU* 46, 125e. 95. Shitriu, K. S., *On Colanutinz the Radiation Properties of Clouds," Ibid., Issue 46, 1955. 96. Shifrin, K. S., "Transfer of Beat Radiation in Clouds," Ibid., Issue 46, 1955. 94 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50 Y 2014/05 ? UL4-RDP1_ nn,1-7nr, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 97. Avsyuk, G. A., "Artificial Intensification of Imo and Snow Thawing in Mountain Glaciers," Trudy Institute goo rafii actions of the Geographical Institute, Vol. 56, 1963. 98. Aysenshtat, B. A., Kirillova, T. V., Laykhignan, D. L., ?gnome, T. A., Timofersv, M. P. and Tolytin, G. Kh.,*Changes in the Heat Balanoe of an Active Surfaoe During Irrigation,* Trudy Iamb osofisichesko obeervatorii peansactions of the Man oP Ys rate Issue 3 0 , 1953. 99. Alekseyeva, N. A., *General and Long-Wave Albedo of Certain Types of Basement Surfaces for Solar Radiation,* Trudy Teentralvnoy astronomichesko obsorvatorii (a42)4ransactions of the Central Astronomina servato Issue 6, 1 52. 100. Bagrov, N. A., "Planet? Albedo of the Earth," Trudy Tsentraltno o Institute TSIP Transaotions of the Central tore- ?eating titute Issue 35 62, 1954. 101. Braslavaldy, A. P. and Evaporation fran the Surface of Chebotareva, published by GUGMS meteorological Serviogand GGI Leningrad, 1954. Vikulina? Z. A., "Standards of Water Reservoirs," edited by A. I. ?itin Administration of the yro- State Bydrologioal Institute , 102. Budyko, M. I., Drogdov, 0. A., Wvoviohs M. I., Pogosyan, Kh, P., Saposhnikava, S. A. and Yudin, M. I., "Changes in Climate in Connection with the Plan for the Transformation of Nature in Arid Regions of the USSR," published by Gidrameteoisdat, 1952. 103. Drosdav, 0. A., *Data of the Expedition into the Kamennaya Steppe,* Trudy41avnoy eofisicheskoi obeervatorii flransaetion. of the in CIsophysiaa La ratorii, Issue 40/102, 104. Zavodohikova, V. G. and Kondrattylev, K. Ye., *On the Spatial Distribution of Dispersed and Refloated Radiations,* Vestnik LOU Loni radski Oosudarktvenn universitet &tread o the State 1953. 105. Krasillshohikava, L. B. and Novosel'tsev, Ye. P., "Spectral Reflection of a Standard," 0 tika i spektroskopiyaSptios and Speotroseope? 1958 (in print). 106. Kasschavskiy, V* L. *Photometric Determination of the Reflecting Power of the Globe,* Personal Abstract of Dissertation, Alma-Ata, 1953. - 95 - Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release p 50-Yr2014/05/29 CIA RDP81 nin&Ipnno 7nnicinnn4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 107. Kastrov, V. G., "Determination of the Relation Between the Sensitivity of Yanishevskiy". Pyranometerm and Pressure,' Triady T ssntral'noy astronomichsak obeervatorii (TSAO flrsnsacti ons of e Cantral AstronomiI 0bs.rvatoryJ,lo, 1W54. 108. Kastrov? V. G., "On the Daily Course of Albedo of the Earth's Surfaee," Ibid., Issue 14, 1955. 109. Kirillova, T. V., "The Effect of Irrigation Upon Radiation Charastoristios of the Active Surface," Trudy glavnoyjgeofizioheakoy observatorii Lfransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratore? Issue 37/99, 1952. 110. Kondratlyev, K. Ya. and Ter-Markaryants, N. Ye., "Albedo of the Sea in the Presence of Swell," ItteayalLirAaailric geteorology and Bydrologg, No 8, 1953. 111. Kondrat,yev, K. Ya. and Ter-Markaryants, N. Ye., "On the Daily Course of Albedo," ibid., No 6, 1953. pg 43 112. Kondrat'yev? K. Ya., "Radiant Energy of the Sun," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1954. 113. Kondratoyev, K. Ya. and Kudryavtseva, L. A., 'On the Problem of Albedo of the Sea Surface," JIMttly2/11.1.1a.41:92.11112Lgitteorology and Hydrologec No 3, 1955. 114, Kondrattyvv? K. Ya., "Radiant Beat Exchange in the Atmosphere," published by Gidrometeoisdat, 1956. 115. Lopukhin, Ye. A., "The Radiation Regime of the Cotton Plant," Isvosti a Akademii Nauk SSSR Seri so rafioheska I eofiziehesk a Maws of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical and rieg, Vol. 14, No 3, 1950. e. ?physic& 116. Lopukhin, Ye. A., *Approximate Method of Aomunting for the Distribution of Total Radiation of the Cotton Plant," Trudy glavnoy mofizioheigkoy obsorvatorii jransactione of the Main Geophysical Laboratore, Issue 5, 19?1, 117. L'vova, Ye. M., "Measurements of Total Solar Radia#on and Albedo of the Earth up to an Altitude of 10 - 20 km,* Trudy Tsontralinoy astronimieheekoy obeervatorlii. OLFraneaolions of the Central Astronomical Obaorvatorzi, Issue .5, 1954. -96- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Mb 118. Sulakvolidso, G. D., 'Certain Radiation Properties of Dry Snow,' Soobshoheniye AN Grus. SSRCCoalratniontions of the Acadeey of Seienees of the Georgian SSY? Vol. 12, No 8, 1951. 119. Feraponova, G. P., "Certain Results of Actinometrio ?beer.. vations in Free Baloons," Tr . Tsentrallno astronomiohesko observatorii (TSAO) jransac one o ntra s onomic lasiervatoq(? Issue 8, 1952. 120. Fedoseyeva, A. P., "Albedo of the System Earth - Atmosphere and its Distribution Over the Globs," Ty glavnoyeofisiohesko observatorii jramsaotions of the Hain Geophysical Laborata Issue 41, 1954,. 121. Forsh, L. F., ?Reflection of Solar Radiation From the Water Surfaoe of Lakes," Trudy Laboratorii oserovedoniya AN SSSR grans- actions of the Liminology Laboratory of the USSR Adademy of Science?, Vol. III, 1954. 122. Shifrin, K. S., "On the Theory of Albedo," Trudy glavnoy geofisiohsskoy observatorii ffransactions of the Nein Geophysical Laboratore, Iir-776,71-757su. 123. Yaroslawtsev, I. N., "Albedo of the Natural Soil Cover in Tashkent," Isvestiya AN SSR, &mirk geofizioheskaya stews of the USSR Academy of Soiencey, No 1, 1452. 124. Yaroslartsev, I. N. "Short-Wave Infra-Red Solar Radiation from 0.8 to 3.5u (in print). 125. Barteneva, O. D,, 'Visibility of yhts in Fi ti eld Condions," larno eofizichisko obeervatorii ransaotions of the Main physics Laborato ssue 42 104 953. 126. Bartoneva, O. D., "Boldyrov, N. G. and Butylev, A. A., "Deter- nination of Atmospheric Transparency and of the Light Poser of Distant Lights with the aid of a Star Photometer," Ibid., Issue 42/104, 1953. 127. Boldyrev, N. G., 'Visibility Rang, of Real Objects," Ibid., Jubilee Collection, Issue 19/81, 1950. 128. Boldyrev, N. G. and Baxteneva, O. D., "Guide for the Determination of the Visibility Rang' of Real ?bleats," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1950. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 129. Boldyrev, H. G., 'Accuracy of Visibility-Measuring Instru- ments,* Isvestiya AN SSSR. Soriya tokhnichesketlqiews of the USSR Aoademy of Scienoes, Technical Beriely. No 12,-19 . 130. Boldyrev, N. G., *Experimental Confirmation of the Energy Theory of Visual Poroeption,* Probleaj fisiolo icheskoy optiki ffroblems of Physiological Optimil, id. VIII, 1963. 131. Boldyrev, N. G., "Significance of S. I. Vavilovis work on quanta Fluctuations," Sbornikjamyati S. I. VavilovaLrollected Works Commemorating S. I. Vavilov palishodiv USSR Academy of Soienoes, 1953. 152. Boldyrev, N. G. and Barteneva, O. D., *Determination of the Meteorological Visibility Range Based on Contrasts of Distant Objects." Trudy glavnoy geofisicheakoy observatorii gransactions of the Main Geophysieal Laboratorz/, Issue 42/104, 1955. 133. Butylev, A. A., *Design of Linear Navigational Ranges," Reohnnoy transport giver Transportatiog, No 4, 1952. 154, Butylev, A. A., *Report of Thesis Entitled 'Basis for the Rational Computation of Flashing Light Beacons With an Electric Souroe of Light.' "lad. LIOT-Isdateliatvo (or Isdaniye) Leningradskogo Institut& 0truh.t.1'uoy Tokbniki Publication of the Leningrad Institute for Reflecting Teehnoi? Isdani e Leni.radsko o Mauchno- issledovateltsko o Institut& Or anisatal i I0 Pub ioution of the Leningra Scionti io Research ?st tuto o Lar Organisation and Industrial Safety (7) gates This second transla- tion is more likely, since LIOOT is listed in A. Rosenberg*. List of Russian Abbreviations (1957 ed.), but the meaning is not quite clear in connection with the title of the artiolfg* Leningrad, 1953. 136. Butylev, A. A., "Photometry of Distant Lights,* Zapiski po gidiroipmeii gots* on Hydrographe, No 1, 1964. 138, Gavrilov, V. A., *New Instrument for Measuring Visibility,* Trudy &1avnoy isofisicheskoy obserratoriiffranssotions of the Main Geophys oal a ratoryi, Issue 19, 190. 137. Gavrilov, V. A., *On the Nephelometrio Method for Determining Transparenoy of the Atmosphere.* Metooro1ortile4 i gidrolosip geteorology and RYdrologiic Mo 3, 1960. *The meaning of the abbreviations lad. LIOT could not be established and the above hypothetical guesses are suggested. -98- tia Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? ? 138. Gavrilov, V. A., "Oa Certain Contemporary Problems of the Dootrine of Visibility," Isvesti a AN SSR, Seriya geofizichoskaya ZApws of the USSR Academy of So encey? No 6, 1953. 139. Gevrilov, V. A. "Instrumental Method for the Determination of the Visibility Range of Real Objects," Trudy glavnoy geofiziohiskoy observatorii ffransaotions of the Main Geophys oal Laboratoril, Issue 42, 1953. 140. Gavrilov, V. A., "On the Diaphanosoopio Method for Distend:a- im the Meteorological Visibility Range," Meteorologiya i gidrologiya aistebrology and Rydrologe, No 6, 1956. 141. Gavrilov, V. A., "Experiment in Developing a Mesh Instrument for Measuring Visibility," Trudy plavnoy goofizioheskoy observatorii jransactions of the Main Geophysical Laboratorz(, (in print). 142. Lazarev,D. N., "Method for Estimating Visibility Without Instruments," Probleny -otAei2LcoLffroblems of Physiological Optiog, Vol. 8, 1953. 143. "Methodical Instructions No 20 to Administrations of the BYdrome'veorological Service," (organization of visual observations of meteorological visibility range, critical review of observation data based on data of a certain station, and theoretical foundation of methods for determining meteorologioal visibility range and visibility range of real objects in thb field), published by Gidro- meteoizdat, 1955. 144. "Methodical Instructions No 7 to Nydrometeorologioal Stations," (Visual Determination of meteorological visibility range in the network of hydrometeorologioal stations during daylight.) Published by Gidrometeoisdat, 1955* pg 44 145. "Instruction for Visual Determination of Meteorological Visibility Range at Rydrometeorological Stations During Daylight," published by Gidrometoolzdat, 1955. 146. Plnogin, N. 14, Boldyrev, N. G. and Barteneva, O. D., "Computation of Visibiliy Range," ..,1,_.ISSDIELEeporta of the USSR Aoademy of Scienoey, Vol. 34, No 5, 1952. 147. "Instructions for the Organisation of Observations on the Meteorological. Visibility Range at Rydrometeorologioal Stations During Daylight," published by Gidrometooildat, 1966. ??? 99 - nprlaccifiPri in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 _ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 148. Rodionov, S. F., *Transparency of the Atmosphere in the Ultra-'Violet Region of the Spectrum.* Izveetlya AN SSR Sertya sofizis_al_u_asskagows of the USSR Academy of Soienotsi, NO 4, 1950. 149. Bezverkhniy, Sh. A., Omerovioh, A. P. and Rodionov, S. F., *Bleetrophotometric Investi tions of Atmospheric Ozone during Solar Eclipses,* Doklad AN SSR j?rts of the USSR Academy of Saienoeg, Vol. 106, Bo 4, 1956. 150. Bezverkhniy, Sh. A., *ATmospherio Ozone Regime on Clear Days near Alma-Ata,* Trudy Kazakhstanskolio nauchno issledovatili ako o gidrometoorologiohesko o institute Ltrsuasactions of the KazeJckistan Scientific R.sser?Hydrometeorologioal Institut(, Issue 7, 1956. 151. Bosverkhnly, Sh. A., *Ozonomotrio Data from Alma-Ata,* Ibid., Ixsue 5, 1955. 152. Rodionov? S. F., Bezverkhniy, Sh. A. and Omorovich, A. P., *Eleotrophotometrio Investigations of Atmospheric Transparency in the Ultra-.Violet Region of the Speotrum,* Isvestiya AN SSR? Seriya goofizicheakajyagews of the USSR Aoadesq of Scionmey, No 3, 1952. 153. Prokof,yeva, I. A., *Atmospheric Ozone,* published by USSR Aoadomy of Solana**, Moscow-Leningrad, 1951. 0 Pg 45 V. PHYSICS OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION Investigations of the physics of clouds and precipitation were conducted in the USSR during the period of 1950 - 1956, mainly along the following limes development of equipment aod of methods for studying the structure of olouds and preoipitation, such as cloud elements, water oontent? Aydrometeors, chemical oomposition of cloud element* and precipitation, intensity of preoipitation, eta. A large amount of data on the microstructure of clouds and pre- cipitation was obtained in the oourse of special flights through clouds and by means of captive balloons, as well as on the surface of the Earth in nountain relief oonditions. A large nuMber of laboratory studies of evaporation processes, of condensation and coagulation of drops, and of the effect exerted by the solid phase upon these processes, eta., were oonducted. LSYIS governing distri- bution of aloud elements and precipitation and their coagulation - 100 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 and transformation were discovered, as well as the meohanism leading to formation of various types of prectipitation. Results of these investigations are described in studies (1) - (48). Investigations wereperformed on the distribution pattern of certain meteorological elements in clouds. Methods and equipment for studying convective movements in the free atmosphere, specifically In clumnlus ?lauds, were developed. Certain laws governing the mechanism leading to formation of internal massy stratus and cumulus cloud formations in flat and mountainous country were investigated (49) (70). Internal massy and frontal cloud formations and the changes occurring in these systems as a result of synoptic conditiuns were investigated. Studies were made of the spasdal structure of frontal clouds and of its evolution as a result of large-scale atmospheric processes. Certain relations between miorostructure of clouds and the conditions causing their growth and destruotion were discovered. A study was made of characteristic altitude values of the lower border and thickness of certain types of clouds and aloud systems, and their relation to physical and geographical uonditions (71) - (78). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Borovikov, A. M. and Khrgian, A. Rh., "flight of October 27, 1948 and Investigation of Processes Occurring in Liquid-Drop Clouds," Trudy Tsentralinoy astronoaioheskoy observatorii TSAO frans- aotions of the Central AstronomicalObservatory ssue , 1950. 2. Borovikov, A. M. and Khrgian, A. Rh., "Study of Cloud Structure by the Optical Method," Ibid., Issue 5, 1950. 3. Borovikov, A. M., "Some Results Obtained in the Investiga- tion of the Structure of Crystalline Clouds " Ibid., Issue 10, 1053; Trudy luvm7 geofisioheskay obeervatorii jransaations of the Main Goophys oal Ltiatore, Is. 24, 1950. 4. Zaytsov, V. A., "Water Content and Droplet Distribution in Cumuli Clouds," Truy lumpy eofilsioheska observatoriieransacitions of the Main Goophya *a fetbora Issue 4, 19r0. 5. Zamorskiy, A. D., "Coagulation Growth of Snow Flakes," Ibid., Issue 24, 1950. 6. Krasikov, P. N. and Mikandrov, V. Ya., "On Sublimation Nuclei in the Atmosphere," Ibid., Issue 47. 1954. - 101 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 7. Krasikov, P. N. and Chikirova, G. A., "Miorophysioal Charaoteristios of Local Fogs," Ibid., Issue 57, 1956. P6 48 8. Krasnogorskaya, N. V., "Photometric Investigation. Method for Establishing Size Distribution of Pre21:pitation Partioles." Izvesti AN SSR, Seri eofiziohes a Nowa of the USSR Aoademy of Soienoes ? No 6 5. 9. Levin, L. M., "On Settling of Aerosol Particles From A Current Upon Obstacles," Doklady AN SSR ports of the USSR Aoademy of Scianoeg, Vol. 91, No 6, 1953. 10. Levin, L. t. and Starostina, R. F., "Some- Results Derived From Investigations of Cloud Structure," Ibid., Vol. 93, No 2, 1953. 11. Levin, L. M., "On Coagulation of Charged Cloud props,* Ibid., Vol. 94, No 3, 1954. 12. Levin, L. M., *On the Function of Size Distribution of Cloud and Rain Drops," Ibid., Vol. 94, No 6, 1954. 13. Litvinov, I. Vti_ "Oa the Rain Spectrum,* Izvesti a AN SSR Seriya eofizioheskaya gews of the USSR Academy o olenomps No 1, 1956. 14. Litvinov, I. V., "The Effect Exerted by Formation of Solid Particles on the Rain Spectrum'," Ibid., No 2, 1956. 15. Litvinov? I. V., "On the Falling Speed of Snow Flakes,* Ibid., No 3, 1956. 16. Litvinov, I. V., "Continuous Automatic Recorder of Rain Intensity,* Ibid., No 4, 1955. 17. Muohnik, V. M., *On the Fbrmation of Large Drops in Shower Rains,* Trudy Ukrainakogo muohno issledovatel'skogo Gidrometeorolo: iohesko o Institut* LTransaations of theUkrainian Soientifio Researe ydromoteororogioal lastitutS7s, Issue 4, 1965. 18. Muchnik, V. M. and Shmukler, A. Kb., *Oa the Melting of Falling Hailstones,* Ibid., Issue 1, 1954. 19. Nikandrov, V. Ya., "On the Problem of Charged Partioles in Clouds and Fogs.* Tru4,, lava? ?eofiziohesko observatoril jrans,- actions of the Main Geophysioal Laborato .Lsrty, 5 , 956. ?102- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RDPR-LninAqpnno7r1,14r,,,,,,,, in Hart - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ? , 20. Nikandrov, V. Ta., "On the Problem of Sublimational Forma,- tion of Solid Cloud Elements?" Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 21. Nikandrov, V. Ye., "On Interaction of Supercooled Water Drops with Solid Partials.," Ibid., Issue 57, 1956. 22. Nikandrov, V. Ya., "On Association of Weter Vapor Molecules in the Atmosphere," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 23. Nikandrov, V Ta., "Experiments with Supercooled Water Drops," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 24. Tversksya, N. P., "On the Problem of Determining the Collision Effioienoy Faotor of Water Drops," Ibid., Issue 47, 194. 25. Khimach, M. A. "Experimental Investigation of the Melting of Spherical Ice Partioles," Ibid., Issue 47, 1964. 26. Khimaoh, M. A. arid Shishkin, N. S., "Determination of the Collision Pastor of Water Drops," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 27. Khrgism, A. Kh., "Certain Data on Cloud Miorostructure," Tsentrallno astronomiohesko observatorii TSM) gransaotions Contr ronomio 0 serve o ? esue ?5 28e Khrgian, A. Kh. and Mazin, I. P., "On Size Distribution of Drops in Clouds," Ibid., Issue 7, 1952* 29. Khrgian, A. 1014 and Mazin, I. P., "Analysis of Method. Par Determining Distribution Spectra of Cloud Drops," Ibid., Issue 17, 1956. 30. Khrgian, A. Kit. and Mazin, I. P., "Error Computation of the Aircraft Drop Collector," Trudy Tsontral'nuy astronomicheskoy observe- trii VZSAOLniansaations of Central Astronomical Observatoryb i.sue 1952. 31. Shvets, M. 74., "On the Problem of Studying the Settling of Cloud Drops on Solid Bodies," Trudy glavnoy geofizicheskai obeervatorii jransaations of the Main Geophysioal Laboratoril, Issue 24,-19511.. 32. Shifrin, K. S., "Kinetics of Precipitation Formation," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 33. Shierin, K. S., "On the Growth of Average Drop Size with Altitude," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. eclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr2014/nW0 ? A r, ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 pg 34. Shifrin, N. S., "On. Evaporation of Precipitation During Their Falling Prooess," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 35. Shishkin, N. S., "Effeot of the Type of Distribution of Cloud Drops According to Size on the Rain Drop Size," Ibid., Issue 54, 1955. 36. Shishkin, N. S., "Data Derived From Certain Measurements of Drop Size in Shower Rains," Ibid., Issue 47, 1954. 37. Shishkin, N. S., "Investigation of the Formati,on P Oo7ss of Summer Precipitation and Thunderstorm Nleotrioity," U Fizicheskikh Nauk giogress of Physioal Soiencog,'Vol. 45, Issue 3, 1953. 38. Shishkin, N. S., "Investigation of the Growth of Spherioal Hail," Izventiya AN SSR, Seri a eofizicheskim.gews of the USSR Academy of Sciences ? No 6, 952. 39. Shishkin, N. S., "Certain Physical Regularities in Phase Transformations of Hydrometeors," Ibid., No 1, 1953. 40. Shishkin, N. S., "Air EUmidity in Cumulus Clouds," Trudy glavnoy Goofizioheskay observatoriiL7ransactions of the Main - physioal Laboratory", Isiti-1177931. 41. Shishkin, N. S., "Air Humidity and Liguid Water Content in Cumulus Clouds, Neteorolo4iya i gidrologiya 6feteoro1ogy and Hydro1ogy7, No 7, 1951. 42. Shishkin, N. S., "On the Size of Rain Drops," Doklady AN SSitgeports of the USSR /mutely of Sctionocil, Vol. 90, tio 2, 1953. 43. Shishkin, N. S. "On Amalgamation of Cloud Drops," Trudy lavnoyokfizioheskoyobservatoriiffransaotions of the Main Gao- j1iyaios1 Labcratory/, Issue 24, 1950. 44. Shishkin, N. S., "On ROA Intensity frma a Cloud With a Uniformly Asoending Current," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 45. Shishkin, N. S., %Lauds, Precipitation, and Thunderstorm Electricity," published by GITTL stats Publishing House of Teohnioal and Theoretical Litoraturi; 1951. 47 46. Shishkin, N. S., "Precipitation from Convective Clouds," Trudyfilavncy..geofizicheskay obeercatorii Z.-Transactions of the Main geophysical Laboratory"; Issue 24, 1950. - 104 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized CO .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29 : CIA-RDID81-01043R002700190001-7 47. Shishkin? N. S., "Approximate Solution of the Problem of Condensation Growth of Drops Aeoounting for their Surfaee Curvature and Concentration of Admixtures," Ibid., Issue 31, 1951. 48. Shmeter, S. M., "Chlorine Content in Cloud Water in Relation to Their Microstructures" Trudy Tsontraltnoy astronomiohisko obserwatorii (TSAO) ffiansaotions ot the Central Astronomic Observatory/, Issue 9, 1912. 49. Budilova, Ye. P. and Shishkin, N. S., "Calculating the Amount of Condensed Moisture in Convective Clouds," Trudy 61avmoy goo- fisiches* obeervatorii jransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laborato , Issue 47, 1954. 50. Vulvfson, N. I., "Method for Stu ding Convective Movements in the Free Atmosphere," Doklady_ AN SSSR eprts of the USSR Academy of Soienoei7; Vol. 91, No 2, 1953. 51. Vulifson, N. I., "Convective Movements in Cumulus Clouds," Ibid., Vol. 97, No 1, 1954. 52. Vullfson, N. I., "Method for Studying Convective Movements in the Free Atnosphere," Izvesti AN SSR Seri eofiziohesk a dews of the USSR Academy to c *noes 5, a 53. Vulffson? N. I., "Formation Conditions of Cumulus Clouds in a Mountain Ar," Ibid., No 7, 1956. 54. Kachurin, L. G., "Formation of Prooipitation in Clouds With Small Vertical Currents," Ibid., No 2, 1956. 55. Manlove, S. P., "On the Problem of Estimating the Physical MAXIMUM of Precipitation," Trudy lwrov geofizicheakoy obeervatorii ffrensaotions of the Main deophys sal Laboratorzi, Issue 37, 1952. 56. Nikandrova, G. T. and Chums'''. A. P., "The Role of Retard- iLig Layers in Precipitation Formation," Metoorologiya i gidrologiya Zpiteorology and Hydroloiec No 4, 1956. 57. Selesneva, Ye, S., "On the Accuracy of Humidity Measurements by Means of an Aircraft Moteorograph," Ibid., No 1, 1950. 56. Solosneva, Ye. S., "On Conditions Determining the Amount of Cumulus Claude," Ibid., $o 2, 1953. Declassified in Part- Sanitized Co-" Approved for I.Rele SO-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-R F Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co .y Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 59. Skatskiy, V. I., "Eleotromeohanioal Aooelerograph with Piezoelectric) Crystal Data Unit," Izvestiya AN SSRt_Seriya geofizi-heskaya gews of the USSR Academy of Soienee4V, No 5, 1956. 60. Khimach, M. A. and Shishkin, N. S., "Precipitation from Pure Water Clouds in the Leningrad Region," Tru lavno eofiziohesko observatorii jransaotions of the Main Geophysics Laborato Issue 47, 1954. 61. Chestnaya, N. I., "Change in Temperature and Air Humidity during the Transfer of a Cumulus Cloud into the Surrounding Atmosphere," Ibid., Issue 24, 1950. 62. Chuvayev, A. P. and Kryukove. G. T., "Some Results of Investigations of Powerful Cumulus Clouds," Ibid., Issue 47, 1954. 63. Churinova, M. P., "Certain Turbulence Characteristics During Days With Stratus Clouds," Ibid., Issue 64, 1955. 64. Churinova, M. P., "On Turbulence During Certain Days with Cumulus Clouds," Ibid., Issue 24, 1950. 65. Shohelokev, V. V., "Aircraft Thermometer." Izvestiya AN !fizioheskay* of the USSR Academy of SeSenosiic No 5, 66. Shishkin, N. S., "Utilization of the Layer Method in Fore- casting the Vertical Power of Convective Clouds," Trudy glavnoy geofizioheskoy observatorii gransaotions of the Main Geophysioal Laboratorz6-Issue 54, 1955. 67. Shishkin, H. S., 'On tne Theory of Summer Precipitation." Meteorologiya i gidrologiya goteorology and Hydrologi No 7, 1952. 68. Shishkin, N. S., "On Methods of Aircraft Investigation of Vertioal Development of Convective Clouds," Trudy glavney goo.. fiziohesko observatorii gransaotions of the Mein Geophysioal La rate ? Issue 4 ? 954. 69. Shishkin, N. S., "On Conditions Resulting in Development of Convection in the Atmosphere," Ibid., Issue 47, 1954. 70. Shishkin, N. S., "The Role Played by Freezing of Cloud Drops in the Formation of Summer Precipitation," Ibid., Issue 47, 1954. 71. Rummy, V. A., "On the Problem of Transformation of Cumulus Clouds into Cirrus Clouds." Meteorologiya i gidrolosiya goteoroIogy and Hydrologg, No 1, 1951. - 106 - 'Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co.y Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-n1n4qPnn07(In1nnt-In4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 72. Dshurayev, A. A., "Aerosynoptio Investigations of High Cumulus Clouds," Sbornikt Misteorologiya i gidrologiye v Usbekistanea ZTolleoted Works; Meteorology an Hydrology in UsbekistaBl, 1955. 73. Zak, Ye. G. and Marfenko, O. V., "On the Structure of the Lower Edge of a Cloud Formation," Trudy Tsentraltnoy astronotsioheskoz observatorii (TSAO) 4fransaotions of tile Central Aetronomical Observatory'', Issue , 1952. 74. 74tk, Ye. G. and Borovikov, A. M., "On the Problem of Evolu- tion of Spatial Structure and Phase Condition in Frontal Clouds," Ibid., Issue 7, 1952. 75. Zak, Ye. G. and Borovikov, A. M.,"Experimental Investigation of Cloud Systeme in a Warm Front," Ibid., Issue 1$, 1956. 76. Martian, N. I. and Novikov, B. M., "Certain Peculiarities of Cloud Systems of Cold Fronts," Tr. VGMF SA, Issue 11, 1955. (See Item 11, page 51). 77. Matveyev? L. T., 'Vertical Points in the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere and Their Connection with the Lover and Upper Borders of Cloudiness," Ibid., Issue 11, 1955. 78. Reshchikova, A. A. and Topkava, Z. V., "On the Relation Between the Altitude of the Lower Border of Clouds and the Visibility Range," Trudy Teentraltney astronomieheskoy observatorii (TUB) ffransaotions a the Central Astronomical Ubaarraioril, Issue 7, 1952. pg 48 VI. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GROUND LAYER AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE Investigations of the physics of atmospheric ground layer are related closely to the study of atmospheric turbulence. A large number of studios in the field of atmospheric turbulence are based on investigations of the theory of local and isotropic turbulence carried out by A. M. Kolmogorov and A. M. Obukhov, and published in 1949. A review of this theory and its further development may be found in study (46). The probloa oonneated with the structure of the temperature field in a turbulent current was theoretically discussed in studies (47) and (69). Tho results obtained from a study of the struoture of mind velocity and temperature fields were checked experimentally with the aid of special equipment (32), (48), (49), and agreed well with the data obtained by measurements. Basic concepts of the theory of local and isotropic turbulence were also - 107 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R0n27nni qnnni_7 go. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 applied in the study of the maorostructure of meteorologioal fields (66) and in the theory of inetruments for measuring wind velocity (70). Concepts of the semi-experimental turbulence theory were also widely used in practical calculations and in the analysis of pro ceases ooaurring in the boundary layer. A series of formulas based on this theory was proposed for computing the factor of turbulent exchange on the basis of data of vertical temperature distribution and wind velocity in the ground layer at various stratifications (8), (9), (34). Recent studies (41), (26), have analyzed the problem concerning the influence of stratification on turbulent exchange from the standpoint of the similitude theory. Studies (1), (14). (27) and (33) examined methods for direct measurement of heat ourrents and amount of motion in the atmosphere, based on straight measure- ments of micropulsations in meteorological elements. A great deal of attention sae devoted to experimental and theoretical studies aimed at the investigation of vertical distri- bution and time changes of basic meteorologioal elements. The data obtained on vertical profiles of wind, temperature and humidity in stationary conditions (51) and by means of several expeditions (14), (15), (27), (40), (52) mere analyzed from the standpoint of developed theories of turbulent exchange (8); ()), (34), (41). The problem of wind vertical profile, up to the grade of gradient mind, is examined in (3) from the standpoint of contemporary concepts of the relation existing between the exchange factor and altitude, and of the turbulent energy balance. A theory of non- periodical and periodical temporary temperature and humidity variations in lower atmospheric layers and in upper soil layers has been developed (4), (19), (35), (67), as well as a similar theory of temporary wind variations (5), (74). On the basis of these studies, computation methods have been proposed for forecasting daily temperature and humidity fluctuations (4), (19). (34), (35), (67). pg 49 minimum night temperatures (20), (65). (71), degree of dew intensity (4), and the present), of fog and its basic characteristics (4), (25): The results obtained agree with experimental data. Investigations were carried out on temperature and humidity variations in the lower air layer over a water surface, and a method of computing evaporation mists has been suggested (17), (59) - (61). A large series of studies (4), (18). (21) - (24), (38)0 (37), (64) is devoted to the study of the transformation of air masses under the influence of the basement surfaoe. These studies examine stationary and non-stationary variations in the temperature akd 108 - Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr2014/05/29 : CIA-RnpRi_ni ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 humidity of a moving air mass. The formulas derived in those studies are used for advance forecasting of temperature and humidity over a 24 hour period* The theory of certain methods for oontroling the meteorological regime of the ground layer, which have sound practical applications, has been developed on the basis of established results concerning temporary variations of meteorological elements and the transformation of air masses. This category includes studies concerned with the meteorological efficiency of combating frosts by such means as smoke and open heat (4), (6), (7), irrigation (4), (11), (12), (38), (62), (72), and wind protection belts (13), (16), (53), (57). An important application of the turbulence theory is the problem oonoerned with distribution of admixtures in the atmosphere. Solution of this problem is attempted by means of source function formulas obtained in solving problems concerned with transformation of air =Ms (4), (36), (42). The theory of diffusion of heavy particles has been improved (14). Ultimate speeds of particle propagation are conoidered in studies (39), (43). Studies on the diffusion theory (44), (45) are based on the known relationship between the exchange factor and the secle of the phenomenon. Studies (28), (50), (54) - (56), (63) are concerned with investi- gations of the effect exerted by turbulence upon the characteristics of sound and electromagnetic laves mtich are propagated in the ataosphere. Them studies also consider the influence of effects and the results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data (29) - (31). (68). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Ayzenshtat, B. A., 'Direct Determination of the Beat Milano. Components of the Earth's Surface,' Informatsionnyy Sbornik, formation Symposimil, NO 1, 1961. 2. Berlyand, M. Ye., 'Daily Course of Turbulent Exchange Temperature and of Radiation Balance," Trudy glavnaly pofizicheskoy observatorii gransaotions of the Main Geophysical Laboratore, 'ism 44/110, 1964. 3* Berlyand, M. YE., 'Theory of Mind 'Variations with Altitude," Trudy nauchno-issledovatelsskikh I/ohm:dray (NIU) Glarnoe rev 0 1 toorooes slush.GMS Ltransaotions o Se ant Besearo s a s nts o t e n Administration for Hydrometeorologioal Servic27, No 25, 1947. 109 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 - r P8 4. Borlyand, M. Ye., "Forecast and Control of the Heat Regime in the Atmospheric Ground Layer," published by Gidrometeoisdat. 1956. 5. Berlyand, M. Ye., "Oaths Theory of Wind Variationa in the Atmospheric Ground," Truty lavnoy eofizioheskojy observatorii Zfransactions of the Main (1.opbysisl Liboratore, Issue 2I,/a, 1950. 6. Berlyand, U. Ye. and Krasikov? P. N., "Combating and Predicting Frosts," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1953. 7. Berlyand, If. Ye., Golltsberg, I. A., Davitaya, F. F. and Krasikav, P. N., "Combating ?mite in the USSR, "Meteorologiya 1 gidrologiya goteorology and Hydro1o7, No 2, 1952. - 8. Budyko, M. I., *Evaporation Under Natural Conditions," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1949. 9. Budyko, U. I., licykhtaman, D. L. and Timofeyev, M. P., "Determination of the Turbulent Exobane Factor," Metsorologiya gidrolo4iyageteorology and rdro1o7, No 3, 1953. 10. Budyko s M. I. and Yudin, M. I., "Heat Exchange Between the Earth's Surface and the Atmosphere and Temperature Equilibrium Gradient," Ibid., No 1, 1948. 11. Budyko, M. I., Drozdov, 0. A., li*vovich, M. I., Fogooyan, Kb. P., Sapozhnikova, S. A. and Yudin, It. 14, "Changes in Climate in Connection with the Plan for the Transformation of Nature," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1952. 12. Budyko, M. I., Yudin, M. I. and Yakovleva, N. I., "Evapora- tion from Irris.ated Districts and Evaporability," Motoorolo4iya 4idro1oAiya5toteorology and Hydrologg, No 1. 1954. 13. Yudia, M. I., *Effect of Forest Belts on Wind and Turbulent Exchange," from books "Problems of Bydrometeorologieal Efficiency of Field Protective Afforestation," published by Gidromatooizdate 1960. 50 14. "Problems of Atmospheric Turbulence," edited by Ti. S. ;mina and M. I. Yudina, Trudy &laInoy sofizioheakoy observatorii aranesittiome of the Man Geo 4 sal La ratoryi, Issue 16/78, 1949. 15. "Problems of Agricultural mad Forest Climatology," Data from Expedition into the Kamennaya Steppe, edited by 0. A. Drozdova? Trudy &lavnoysoofizioheskoy observatorii fransaetions of the Main Geo s oaf oratorzt, Issue 40021 pub ished by Oidrometooisdat, 1955. 16. "Problems of Hydrometeorologioal Efficiency of Field Pro- tootivo Afforestation," published by Gidrometeoisdat. 1950. 110 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA RDP81 ninagpnno7nniorv-v-,4 ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 17. Gandin, L. S., "On Evaporation Characteristics Vicinity of a Shore Line," Trud lavno eofisichesko ffrausactions of the Main Geophysioal Laborato Issu 18. Gaudin, L. S., "On the Problem of Changing the Ibid., Issue 333/95, 1952. in the observatorii e 55 9.5. Wind Profile,' 19. Gutman, L. N., "Temperature Computation of the Air Ground Layer," Isvestiya AN SSR, Seri a geofisiohoskaya glows of the USSR Aoadsmy of Saienool(s. No 5, 1963. 20. Dobryshman, Ye. M. and Belousov, S. L., "On the Double Layer Problem of Heat Conductivity of the Systems Air - Soil," Dokiady of the USSR Aeadegy of Science?, Vol. 93, Nc->-6;-rgg3;-- 21. Dobryshman, Ye. K., "Oa Variations :1-f Air Temperature Under the Influence of tho Basement Surface," Trudy Tsentrallnogo Institute (TSIP) ffransmotions of the Central Forecastinglnetitutg, Issue 21/48, 1980. 22. Dubenteov, V. R., "Summer Transformation of Air Masses Over a Continent," Ibid., Issue/ 17, 1949. ? 23. Zavarina, M. V., "Asrosynoptio Analysis of Thermal Trans- formation of Cold Air Masses," Trudy glevnoy geofisicheako observatorii ffransaotions of the Main Geophysieal Laboratorric Issue 03* 1953. 24. &marina, M. V., "Variations in the Heat and Moisture Content of an Air Mass Moving Over a Homogeneous Basement Surface," Ibid., Issue 48/110, 1954. 25. Zverev, A. S., "Fogs and Thei,, Prediction," published by Gidrometoboisdat, 1954. 26. Kasanskiy, A. B. and Monin, A. S,, "Turbulence, in Ground Inversions," Izv.stiya AN SSR Serinuporisichesksya gown of the USSR Aoadomy of Soionoes ? No 1, T56. 27. "Composite Expclition of th3 Hydro-Meteorological Service to Pakhta-Aral During the Summer of 1952,;. edited by D. L. Laykhtman, Trudy limo, toofisioheskoy observatorii flauaaotions of the Main Geophysical La ratorzf, Issue 39/101? 1953. 28. Krasilinikov, V. A., "On the Effect of Pulsations of the Atmospheric Refractive Index on Propegation of Ultra-.Short Radio Weir's," Isvestiya Akadesii Nauk SSS, Seriya geografichoskaya i geofizicheskaya Z-**,s of the USSR Academy of Scionoes, Geographical -111- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 ?Y Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 and Geophysical Sorieg, Vol. 13, No 1, 1949. 29. Krasiltnikar, V. A. and Ivanov-Shits, K. M., "Certain New Xriments on Sound Propagation in the Atmosphere," Doklady AN SSR ports of the USSR Mathew of Scienceg, Vol. 67, No 4, 1949. 30. Krasiltnikov, V. A., "Phase Fluotuations of Ultraw.Sonic WiTel During Their Propagation in the Air Ground Layer," Ibid., Vol. 88, No 4, 1953. Si. Krasilinikar, V. A. and Tatarskiy, V. I., "On the Relation- ship Between the Mean Quadrature of Phase and Amplitude Fluctuations and the Dimensions of the Objective during Observations of Twinkling Stars," Ibid., Vol. 88, No 3, 1953. 32* Krechmer, S. I., "Methods for Measuring Mioropulsations in Wind Velocities and Temperatures in the Atmosphere," LrIALm2.- fisioheskogo institute Akadomii Nauk SSSRjransaotions of the Geo- physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USW, No 24/ 151, 1954* 33. Kuoherov, N. V., "Method for Direct Measvrement of Turbulent actions of the Bain Geophysical Lieborato , Issue #/99, 952. Neat Exchange," Truk 1anor 4v poofisiohlof observatorii 7.rans- 34* Laykhtman? D. L. and Chudnovskiy, A. F., "Physics of the Atmospheric Ground Layer," published by Oldromotooisdat, 1949. 35. Laykhtman, D. L., "Advance Computation of Daily Temperature Yluotuations in the Ground Layer of the Atmosphere," Trudy glavnoy ji5aheakoy observatorii pansactions of the Main Geophysical IiIfora , same 22/84, 19w. 36. Laykhtmen, D. L., "Transformation of Air Mass Under the Effsot of the Basement Surface," Meteorologiya i.4idrologiym goteorology and RVdrologe, No 1, 1947. 37. Laykhtman, D. L. and Yudin, M. I., "Transformation of the Lover Air Layer Under the Effect of the Basement Surface," pokludi AN SSSRgeports of the USSR Academy of Soionceg, Vol, 93, No 2, 1153. sa. Laykh D. L., "Physioal Principles in Standardisation of Irrigation," Isvesti AN SSR Peofisichiss &Zinn of the USSk Aeademy o ? 011005 -13.2- Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr2014/05/29 : CIA-RDPRi_ninaq pnno7nnlnnn,, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 39. Lyapin, Ye. S., "Hyperbolio Equation of Vertical Turbulent Exchango in the Atmosphere," Tru lavno eofiziohesko observatorii 5ransaations of the Main Gimp.% s ea Le..?rs. o IMO 50. 40. "Miaroalimatio and Climatic Investigations in the Caspian Lowland," published by the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 3.953. 41. Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M., "Basic Regularities of Turbulent Agitation, in the Atmospheric Ground Layer," Trudy so- fixicheskogo institute Akademii Nauk SSSR gransaotions of the Geo- physical Institute of the Academya oionoes of the UST, No 24/151, 1954. 42. Monin, A. S., "Semi-Experimental Theory of Turbulent Diffusion," Ibid., No 33/160, 1956. 43. Monin, A. S.., "Diffusion with Finite Volooity," .Irrostiya AN SSSR Seriya geofizicheskaya goys of the USSR Academy of Seienoegg, No 55. 44. Monin? A. S., "Horizontal Agitation in the Atmosphere," Ibid., No 3, 1956. 45. Monin, A. S., "Equation for Turbulent Diffusion," Doklady? AN SSSR ports of the USSR Academy of Soienceg, Vol. 105, 1955, r-27- 46. Obukhov, A. M. and Yaglom, A. M., "Iticrostructuro of s. Turbulent Current," Prikladnaya matematiki i mekhanika pplied Mathematics and Mechenicy, Vol. 15, No 1, 1951. 47. Obukhov, A. M., "Structure of the Tempe rature Field in a Turbulent Current," Isrestiya Akademii Naulc SSSR, Soriya goo.. rafiches goofizicheskaya gews of the USSR Academy of cienoos, ographfoal and Geophysical Serieg, Vol. 13, No 1, 1949. pg 51 48, Obukhov, A. M., "Charactoristios of Wind Paorostruoture in the Atmospheric Ground Layer," Z Isves.tiya AN 53k, Seriy-a. geofizioneskays. ilews of the USSR Aoe.dimay of Saieneezs , No 3, 1951. 49. Obukhov, A. M., Finns, N. Z. and Krochmer, S. I., "Rosults of Experimental' Investigations of Microturbulonee in the Free Atmosphere." Trudl Tsentrallnoy astronosiaheskoy observatorii *TSAD) jransaotions of the Contra" Astronomical bbsorvatorzi. ilo. 6 1952. - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2014/05/29 ? CIA-RDP81-01041Rnn97nn1annn1 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 50. Obukhov, A. M., "The Effect of Slight Innomogeneities in the Atmosphere on Sound and Light Propagation," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seri a g.ofiziohoskaya Zirews of ths USSR Aoadersy o? Soisnocy, No 2,1953. 51. Ogneva, T. A., "Certain Peculiarities of the Heat Helena* of an Active Surface," published by Gidrometeoizdat, 1955. 52. Sapozhnikove, S. A., Ilioroolimate and Local Climate," published by Gidrometeoisdat, Leningrad, 1950. 53. Snallko, la. A., "On the Problem of Variations in Absolute Air Humidity in Woods and Fields Protected by a Network of Forest Belts," Izvesti a AN SSR, Seri a eo raficheska cJIM* of the USSR Academy of Soleness, Geogrep a: Series No 3, 952. 54. Tatarskiy, V. I., "On the Theory of Propagation of Sound Waves in a Turbulent Current," Zhurnal skit erimantal'noy iteoretioheskoy fiziki gournal of Experimental and Tbeore loai Physiolir, Vol. 25, No 1/7, 1953. 55. Tatarskiy, V. I., "Phase Fluctuations of Sound in a Turbulent Medium," Izvestiya AN SSR Seri a eofixioheskNtagews of the USSR Academy of goienocs(, Io 3, -1 56. Tatarskiy, V. I., "Amplitude and Phase Pulsations of a Wave Propagated in a Slightly Heterogeneous Atmosphere," Doklady AN SSSR gsports of the USER Academy of Seienosi, Vol. 107, No 2, 1956. 57. Timofeyer, M. P., "Methods for Determining the Component of the Thermal Helena* of a Basement Surface," Trudy glarnoy fiziches7 obserratoriiransactions of the Main Geophysioal Laborato , Issue 27, 1951. 68* Tinefeyer, M. P., "On the Daily Variation of Turbulent Exchange," Ibid., Issue 22/84, 1950. 59. Timofeyev, M. P., "On the Theory of Adroctive Fogs," Izvestiya AN SSR, Seriya geofizioheskayagews of the USSR Academy of Scrienos4t, NO 6, 1955. 60. Tisofeyvv, M. P., "Etaporation from Water Surfaces in a Turbulent Atmosphere," Uohennyye zapiski Leningradskogo esudarstvennego Univereitotal Soriyaoovatiaoska a i eofiziohes... 226.1.poientifio Notes of Leningrad State University, Geographic an TkTithysicalSerieg, 1949. 114 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 61. Timofeyev, M. P. and Laykhtman, D. L., "On Methods of Computing Evaporation from the Surface of Limited Water Reservoirs," Meteorology and Hydrology, No 4, 1956. 62. Timofeywv, N. P., "On Changes in Meteorological Regime During Irrigation," Isvesti a AN SSR, Seri a geofizioheakayagews of the USSR Academy o Sciences , No 2, 1954. 63. Chernov, L. A., "Correlation of Amplitude and Phase Fluctuations During Propagation of a Wave in a Statistically Hetero- geneous Medium," Akusticheskiy zhurnal gooustic Journag, Vol. 1, No 1, 1955. 64. Shvets, M. Ye., "On the Solution of a Problem for an, Equation of the Parabolic Type," Prikladyana matematiki i mekhsniira applied Mathematics and Mechanioe ? Vo . 8, No 2, 1954. 65. Shekhter, F. N. and Tseytin, G. Kh., "4 More Preoise Method for Advance Computation of a Nocturnal Temperature Drop," Trudy, lavnoy geofisicheskoy_observatorii transactions of the Main Geopb,yaioal Laboratori7, Issue 53/11 1955. 66. Yudin, M. I., "Certain Problems of the Theory of Meteorological Fields," Ibid., Issue 19/81, 1960. 67. India, M. I., "Daily Temperature Course and Convective Heat Exchange," Isvestlya AN SSR, Seriya eografioheskayagews of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Geographical Soriey, No 4, 1948. 68. Yudalevioh, F. F., "Certain Problems Related to the Inter- pretation of the Twinkling Star Phenomenon," Dokla4y AN SSSR geporta of the USSR Aoademy of Soionoeg, Vol. 106, No 3, 1956. 69. Yaglom, A. M., "On the Local Structure of the Temperature Field in a Turbulent Current," Ibid., Vol. 69, No 6, 1949. 70. Yaglom, A. M., "On Accounting for the Inertia of Meteorological Instruments During Measurements in a Turbulent Atmosphere," Tru koofisicheskogo institute Akademii Rank SSR ffransaotions of he Geophysical Institute of the Academy of Soleness of the USSAT, No 2051, 1954. 71. Yakovleva, N. IT, "Analysis of Nocturnal Cooling and Frost Forecasting," Meteorologiolostizigeteorology and Nydrologe, 72. /akavleva N. I., "Transformation of Air Over Water Reservoirs," T ? lavno eofisiohesko? obserratorii.jmnsactions of the Main Geop sical Laborato sane 4.1/103, 1953. -115- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7 TABLE OF CONTE.NTS Lam. Introduction 3 I. Climatoloa 6 II. Synoptic Mateorology 22 III. Dynamic Lieteorology 30 IV. Atmospheric Optics and Actinometry 36 V. Physics of Clouds and Precipitation 45 VI. Physios of the Atmospheric; Ground Layer and Atmospheric Turbulenos 48 118./PR8AA; DUpont 7-4240 - 116 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/05/29: CIA-RDP81-01043R002700190001-7
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