INDUSTRY AND MINING IN SIBERIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100010042-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 42
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
r?,.
~fP t 7",]
' ~ ~ ,
;J;:
Y . Try ._�1 i
1
4�
h - ' ~ 1
.w
WN~~; ~ ~i
yl i
Y n, ~`d JJ
~ �r"~
r

r ~ L": 3Yxx. 1~..'
rn~.r
~s~~~~ TND~TRY AND 11~NING IN SI REftIA ~ ~
~~r~~~ii
~ 'iv
.u~iY-. CW9.~~
.,,p ~Iru~ ~ I
My.. ~
r~,~, ~
~xY
South Russia has been exceedingly forward look~.ng in tho ~
~ j '
;
applications of science to the development of her natural
' resources ~ Projects such as A tic Research, the Pa?'3,~r Plateau
~tlt'Yt~~ anC~ ~~e~1~~5.Rcll in~~estlgatia~is pia ~ tixa>~pl~:s Of th~.s `"�n'
',f, ~
spirit
T
~ 'xis' use a had~~d velo~ed'"~~~d~oal mi,,ng only,,~n the ~ D~t~ats
~
i ,~y~ fed' t) ~ ~
aas i~~ Eux~~ ~e 'yin Siberia an `
p r 1~ along ray /way. .
~r
~
~~rit h the introduction of the f ~.ve~-~~dar plans foal resources
a '
~j ,
were discovered in all directions. C aa~, production increased aRrom
3~~~00~000 tons in 1928 to 1~2~~00,000 tons in 1937+
~ ~
~'r`;~~ Attention has been givens not on.~,y to increase of production, ~
but also to an even distribution of production{ Reserves in the I~
Donets Basin are reported to be X0,000,000 tans ~i~, The
w`~
Kt�na~F.alr :.~nrl Tir~1 ~ro~e h~trn ~nw l,onn nn,rl,~r,e.7 ~,P?~... ~L.., v,.~_..~.~ _ ~
~ �aV+.+.�v vv.. ..r..,. V. Hri wt vwr1l I.aNt b' t~Vri 1JV Vl1 l~Vl:{Ullil7td ~L.YYVV V~YC7 1,lll'LIl1Ci lI
d~ .f..,
Ural united indas trial area
}pit,
r r+~r.i-~
Coal reserves have been located in desert areas such as;
r~yn~~~{ the Karaganda basin. Nearby in the Kounrad area are copper
r~~.
deposits, so this area is now known as a unit�d copper industrial
area and is considered a part of the Ural un~.ted industrial area
and the thir~~ coal field in importance in the Soviet Uniono
Chelyab3.nsk lignite fields are also cons idered important r
During ~,he second five-year plan eriod sr~eiters nave Veen ~ .
~ _ p
constructed in the~Bureya coal producing area and this area is
+,nyar +~a~.mnri +.~n nand. ar y~ . ~ ~ ~ , l~'_ a.'7 r..
-
y Wf ~ ~dvy innt~s~ty, irl ~ri~ L~uvie~ r`ai� r:~:~ ,
{
~
The Tungus coal fields in the Yakut ~c can supplrv fuel
for the Arctic shipping fleets, The Irkutsk coal fields cai~
supply the new Angara Ra.ikal industrial area. The ~'nu~insk ~
~ ~
~.nes and the Kansk li nits fi ds ~
g el ors basic coal producing crease
~
~ ~
:i ~1

~ ~ ~
~i~,
at -
.w _ _
. ~,~w. _ L_... ~
I
z
~ ~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 : CIA-RDP82-000 ~ ~ `
398000100010042-4 ~

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
wwn,
- f
; ~ �
~~~ppyp,,, ,
i ~s'~
~ ~
~
r ~i"tuvi tid oYi'.~+ ini~iu taut oii prciducing arch iYi ntiu~rjid i~aa
,r'
`~~'~q::~;~
the Caucasus which produced 69,000 tons in 1931, being 83~ �f the
,
total for the Soviet Union. Newly discovered fields in the Hashkir d
F'~~ . yA'~c ~ 13 !
~aR~;
� ~ and in the Far ,fast amounted in to
y ~
i'.::.
q,23~,,000 tons. In 193$ this had increased to 2t~3$bOt000 tons$
iuFti ~ ~
1_.
� r
~ The Sterlitamak area in
,pr ` }3ashkir has become a second ~aku~ the oil field in this area �xtends
,
1,00 kilometers from the centa~al section of the Volga to the Ural '
~iauritains. z'iie ~~esa~res in this field are estimated at ` '
r'
C
rt u
i~'YN~~~~~~ m
Y^~ ~~,v i8T
been wing in the sense of 1p0y0Q0 whi c}i i s ~.f~a n1 r1~~Uh~npsp
meaning of this to but the Japanese ua,.~~~ri~t'`in the sense of
.
i :
10 000 000 and modern ost ~~~�C~inese authors have been showin
~ ~ ~P } b
w,t xa' ' 4' I
a tendency to follow{,~~kt~e ~ Japanese. sue. It would appear the
a ,.,a
applica~,i�~;~'~'~'" tithe latter sense here would fi ' n better with the
w~ i
~t. ~ ,,T~
:O-it ~ I
~'r~ ~ P actuation for this area in 1933 was 3,000 tons, but by 1937
r E
it had risen to 1 ~~0 000 or 2,9 ercent of total roduction for
j ' P P
a~~
the Soviet Union,
di~~` ~n in the T~1 above sanc~~~''f~:gure given would represent
w!!aMn7'Ml7wwc�nr~r,,.M~F�"~t~m~~ S~'~}~'~'S* t~fi
more than one-~~~~`~he total es~~~~,.ves for this field F
. .
...._...,e.....
~w.
The Kao-:nu~-pan oil field on the east bank of the Ka~ssu-ion;
. Sea has o resources of 18,040,000,000 tons, ~*~e
1 k r
F~F~'
l'.
_.G111_R . _.f'
~j�
r. ~
~
r
Yi
i
` _ ,
i

~~i~^ ~
" C'
r;
f
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

v4
""l
~
/
+x~
~ j
A
ti
" tlOM
` hatan a Riv�r oil fields in Krasnoyarsk "
The K g
�a
nege and Lena Basins can be used to settle :3
and the coal of the Ye
.y, , .
, ~ ,
the problem of fuel for Arctic Ocean avigation,
~ is p. _du. i g
c1,~.sc,,.,~~,~� ,.~.?:?~er~ c~.l f^ ,~n c n ~
The recent~.y W.~~.,K .
tely 10, 000 t ons a day.
appraxi~
".i
r,
~
soviet iron reser~~es are estimated at 260~000~000 ton$ bye
I~~~
1 L
I~
tons . .
~ se term ~ re ~s 2`600 T~" rest~~' ,
~Sk y ~atf " ~ Oted a
T The Ch ' `a
r f
anin of a to ~~ias ,been us~~~ he ~ for ~~ans ati'on Copp ed
e' a ~ ~ leg
_r ~ ;
m g ~
1 fir` p' 1P
u.~ ~ 2 00 'of ~.ro~
= 0 r ~ uctiQ~ of ~ ~ 00 m ~~3.c n~-` r~
.B . p f, r
N~ ith U ~
~ of ~ nterior Mineral Year Book, ~lq~~) this 3e~ls
re,r(~U.~. artment~ a,,~ n
~-~a, - ~,i
~
o small
'~r~ d at l~00 000 ~ ~
Reserves at Orsk south of the Urals are estimate ~
T with
his area t~
tons
'F'
ri
~;'i~~~ the ma n~togorsk Mines has become the heart of the smelting
i~ i r:
~ r,a�~ t ~ 3_n U.S.S aRa Besides this the Minus insk iron mines q
`r-~ i.aaasw..... J - ~'9.
~ 1 ~ J ~
C` ~ ~ ~ 61 ~
~P
been near the Kuznetsk Basin Coal fields ~ n
g
;,~~E~ ~ ~
~ ei ~t
15.11
,,~Y~ favorable position for development. .
discove of copper bearing ore amaunting in the r
.
Recently rY
.
0 1 00 000 probably should be 1g700;000,00~ tons
aggregate t }7 , ~ ~ a
s
Ka~akh~stan the Angara River Aasin,T~ake Bakal
have been made in ~
- 7 Far East The largest reserves are those ~u
~egs.on anc~ the ~o~,.,,t ~~LJ
on the y
2$in the co per beds of Kounrad ~
discovered a.n l9 p
ke Bel ash with an estimated ~,000g000 tons.
north snore of La ~
. _ �,"I n.n ~l~~e tievQ">i r~nrno~+ nf' d
deposit Ih;,~'na ~,?,e secona z~ve�~~G~~- r~.a~~ ~~ba .,,~v,viv~Iluvaav
_,r . .
r y
k.
- ~~..,�ter amaltn~ in this area was a pert of that plane as well as
_ .
- - a a
U Mountain _ _ _ . _
the ral Range and
development of copper resources ~
a
. naywkhstan in Central Asiao u
bean discovered in the Alta area and central Asian
Tin has
,gym salts are found in the Urals and Central x~ia. ModWrn =
Potass~.
these deposits �
ethods have been introduced in mining
'k ~
r'
~
_i ~ ,
w
_
~
.
f
i
~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
w~na
~ 4,y I f
+lilluti6i~
~lfllV ,
~k,t,~.,sI~
4 f w.
~44:~. t ) t 411 n. ~
l~~} 1
r~,n~l
SJ
4"3CdBT4+.:,
~ki~, {
~r Other 'minerals are found, such as nickel, mercury, sulphur,
~a,~,~.`~ radium etc. in sufficient uantities to form the basis fora
1a,
y:
modern refining and chemical industry.
r r
, B,~~~~~~oc,~~I~ly,ectrir.,~~;;~,~,,1,
;WNt:Nf;11~~ 7~"~~
~S^yy~I~T~ r<
1T~'~1' � In 1928 1~905~~00
}7 $1~1~ 1
kilowatts of electric ener was enerated in 1
~ r ~ gY g ~ 937 31~ 090, 000
F~~~~~ -
H dro~lectNi~ p' l e ' ed on the - ~
~a=~r' , y i u v 1a11~$ icier erecti Pamir plateau to supply
'id~~tr'.: i~~
r.r:.
r
the current for the textile industry of Central Asia, The waters f
r;i.l.:
~r ,
of Lake Sa~kal and the Angara river are also to be
~~nti ~ used to produce
~4.:
electric powers � r I
pis . ---~~,.>~.-u.,'..~,,..~
vl;;
I
~ S~.berian Electric Power Chart
~~.r.
3~'

~ ~t'~',.
I,~C' I'~'- n i
iiOC~.~ Year Power in units of Percentage (of
+`y - 10 000 Killowats rtiational total
Ural Nro~i.nce 1923
7~~.
~''~~h a 1937 130,2 7
Y? it LA
:C 1 a,
VY 51~ t
Ku~~6yshe "~,~hkalr~r 1925 2 l 09 , sic}
.
.1
1 7
c 1.1 , i1
e~ 193 1 1~ ~
^IC
~~F '
; Bas hki ~ AS~SR 1.7
,~1~~ ~ 1923 .$9
h ,
1937 0~
~.lo ~1
~t~ Siberia 23 C~
~ 1.92
~~~~w~. ~ ~ 1 a Q
X37 4~,~.2
~ Q ,u
KaZakii 1w~n 1 1$
9 ,~.2
0,2
1937 19,~.~
R~
Central Asia i9~8 1*~p l,c
_
- d~3 ~siL }
,3,60
e
x.937
1
.
_ . -
3
E. Siberia-Yakut ASS.R 1928 $9.
pp
1937 13,],3 ~
r P
m
~,I
Far East 1~2
1923 1~i2
0.6
. _ 19,7 '~~.77
1.1~
t
. . .
4'..
y I Y
' A..T ~ ~
,Y 1
p
.
I~~I~.:....~~
s

~1~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
_ _
+r+n,
w,.
,

ors:
~I~l � K '
~~~11 has bee
t of the capital devoteci to development of the
1~4~. percen
� ~ ~ "ive~~~ear elan was allotted ~ `
chemical ~.ndustr~,~ under ~kiE second ~ ~p ~ ,
1 ~ -
t ~ n I a 4!o r! i ,6r
~ ~ l r
h 1 ~ � ~
~ i.
_ _ _ i ,
,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Co A roved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-00039800010 '
~ _ PY pp 0010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
-
s
;,~d a ~ ~ ~ 4.., G
to the Urals and 6i~ percent to uen~;ral Asia. In the L11 all were
ova o en and s od~.um plants : At Pa-lei-s su~ni~yu-i u~"`
cAnstructed amm , xyg
there is the lamest ~tassium chlorate plant i,n tre world. It is
planned to connect it with a capper factory and produce sulphuric ~
acad.
~ s ..t_ i. ~
n est~~~~,.:~.t~
A united chemical industries district 'as bee.
rock
Aktyubinsk in order ,to develop the Kazakh scan
1,
de osits. There are new sulphur works in the
p
A number of other factories are in the planning
Turkmen desert.

I
lar el to utilize Gla~ber's salts. ,
stage, ~ Y ~
armed to use Tashkent hydroelectric power. to manufacture
xt ~.s pl 4
carbon base fertilizer, wood products -f- and rubber from
~i
alcohol, etc.
,s
The development of the Soviet heavy industry has been, heretofore,
y
1
e.t the exnensQ of light industry and food processing, but an interest
is now being taken in planning a more equitable development.
~ � w ~
Z'ne ~ first developments in the textile i.ndus pry tioox p.~ace zn
talinabad and sdurrounding
Central Asla, later on expanded to 5
territor~? which became a cotton textile un~.ted industrial area.
The wood supplies aye of Western Siberia are being exploited
_ r--- _ ~~.,,~._qq� ~~i f ,a ~ ~r~ryfa m; i i ~ a,~p bP; n~ cons tr-actsd. The m ~
IUI' jJd~J~t' ftldjllJ.l a~~uw. V Qnrut ,,,6:L g,/ ll5dr d. 4M i Y, ~v r
V
~I
i
Turk-gib raa~l~ray is used to transport lumber to the weaving
centers of Central As is
. n
Woolen, leather and shoe, industries are being planned for
D
4Fn
Bashkir and western Sib~:ra.a,
A large number of sugar factories save bean opened in
the
r
rp
it iu and Black Sea areas. In the ~aviet Far
nazakh~stan1 K g~ ~
shed ceramic industr~.es and tobacco factorial ~ .
East are newly ~establ . , 3
have bean moved to areas adjacent to sources of ~,naterials in
' is bein removed to areas
the s auth � The s~in;f lower oll industry g
� a e roduc~d ~ ~
in Kazakh Stan and Eastern Siberia where raw materials r p -
tin abo~it the Soviet industrial plans is ~
~!hile not every h g
_
~ E ~~~~�r
~ A
_i
. ,w+.n.-....,
T''~ o.~,. r,rfiw^~
i Y
Declassifie
d in Part -Sanitized Co A roved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4 '
PY pp

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
r I
~fi
1
to
ei
f.
~,1
�~~yy~
~kl '
,c atal clear ~ Vet to the observer, certain postuld,t es may be
ili+ ~ ~
r~ ~ ` Tr uhoi r ~.nvsstment of capital they incline toward industries
that will be most eff~.cient in production, they have high regard
M�
LLLLA~.
'0~.
ri'~
for spiting the location of an industry to its nature, in order
. :
,
to realize the greatest, possibilit~,as of. the tie~up~ ~~ith regard
*aS ~ ~ ,
to the operatian the a,~.m is to secure tY~e ;~aximur~ results. I~ithin ~
iC6'~~
Gin
an industrial area every main section and subsection is carefully
,,r,,a
.j,z,, I
planned to establish the most efficient relationship between the
:r,.
p~'t'i.
'~r~~'`~`~ use of rdw materials and the labor expended on them. ,F'or example
i
' ~r~~;? i
w'Wf
in refining copper it is planned to exploit at the same time the {
aw
~m i
~ vi
' d nr in the cotton textile industry,
by-product of sulphuric acti ~
rv~1w1
1~
(~d~i~yl'i 1
not onl are tc;.~tiles to be waver, bat Uhe ;,otton~see;~ oil indust~r
~,.a., y
~u(
y,r~
~a,'_t will be located in the same area, etc.
~rv
~ ~
Tn the establishment of un}ted industrial areas the Soviet
~~,;!r,; government sought to furthar this economic plan by conservation
st L"
of /~ranspor~ in placing industry near sources of raw materials
Y
and at the same tinge developing new areas of a conom~.c activity,
,;t;
r~ ~j
: y~~; During the first and second five-year plan periods the
r
i
z N 1i
emphasis was on heavy industry and upon smelting works as the
~
most important factor i n heavy industry.
The Soviet;s largest industrial area is the H~~e~eZ' ,.I~iited
y--' a ea Tts closes+~ competitor i s the Ural ~.ndustr~.al
tjc~us z l ,~r
area. Because tx~e Urals have little coal ~ut much metal7~the
. y
~uzhst~k~~rBa's.ir~ little metal9 but much co~% the twc~ aizeas Nava ,
~a
a

- hear const~~�t~~ted a~ industrial area centering; at nevrly-bu~.J.t
'
1~iagnita{rorsk where ez~n~ smslta~�a ~ urdc ~ ~ F ~
viii
.
.~..t.. c3 T11ia ~ ST ~ , ?~i,) ~ nnn ~.nn~ ~f
when finished, will be able ~ u owu:,:, an..,~.__~ ~ ~ . .
pig iron.
N 4 ~ -
;
~ ~
F` ~
. .5.�
~ , i ,
_
xr,w'
ti ~ '
r ~
~ ,
i
;
i.
~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
_ _
,ww,
w,
. ,
~,~tir i
t ~ L ~ Y,n nr~A.r~V Qr91C j~~al, 1{r1a].i~?~Q.>
~yy)~~~1(~~4
. ~e�N:~r6 1 P
Petrapavl~vsk r } 12~,l~00 60;000 ~ .
l ~
~ ~ ~
Dower Amur ~
~ e
~
N3.kolde~ rsk ~ w~"~ qb8, 000 (a is f 8 ~ 000
s E
~o ~
4.,
Vladivostok ~ lll~ 000 X22 000
t ' ~ ,
/ ~ I
6. 5akhal~n Q
I
Ai�~iandrovs k s ,i ~ _ 4~ Uvu b~, 00
a I
.
. ~ ~ ~
~~Mf ~
Voroshilov( 'ka~sk-U surisk j4~s000 36z,o00 Ire
~ j
8o Kh �b~rcvsk ~,y~,, 111~~~
.{ha b rave k n 1b0 000 2 b0 ~00
~ .
< ~
i~
1~
Vii; ~
_ '
i . 1
_ .
~ E ~
i
j
j
F_
i.
I I
r r
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/02 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100010042-4
i ~
1Y,; I
1 '~1 ~ '
J~
~ i
7iu.i I

. ~IS
'
~I
in
�]'~!t fir,.. ~
~ , Jewish ~O~re?~ I~
~ i ~
iro~idzhan 1 73,000 ~0~000
r~
10. Karyak
e
'{r I f ~ I
Palana ~ ;1 i
- lib, 000 13, 000
~ Chukot ~ ~
i
Anadyr ~ ~ ~ 72 8 ~ 000 ~i~ 19. 00
Soviet Far East has largely an oceanic climate.
The
l ~'W''~~�
~ o d current which ~?akes the
The Ok tsk Sea has a c 1
G~, nt also makes Kamchatka
~1;: ~~~rY a cold area. This cold curre ~
n
,
a land of tundras . i
4
'h~~' Ooal and oil are abl~ndant, and have been developed in ~
R ~
a' al~.n es steal/ , Forests cover much of the territory and the
S ,~h p Y
R ,
coastal fisheries industry is very impor~~ant to the economy of
rw'f' r
~Y
(~f ,
lG
; the regionp The climate conditions pi�eclude any extensive
derTelapment of agriculture.
~L1_. ` _
~;w:~
~Str~tegically this area occupies an important posa.tion
~ ,
internationally, affecting the relations of Russiai America and
~
;
;.i Japan. After the occupation of Isaanchuria by Japan the Soviet
~"