RURAL SURVERY.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 1, 2012
• Sequence Number: 24
• Content Type: REPORT

IT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
AN INVJ~s'Ci0ATI0N OF VILI.A4E8?
Protrrxtid Title RURAL SUtY8!8.
Murg?ta'ua Tiso-ohs. 172 pages.
Publi$hSd 4~- 1iartYuut Dookstor~, January 1948.
Preface Labels 1
Preface Nuabr 2
I. Survey of Helng.kuo
II. Surrry of Tung-tang and Neighborhood
III. Su2?n7 of Mu.k'ou-Zs'un
IV. 5to17 of Land?ditision in nest Kiesngei
V. Errors in J.antt.aoefliota in I(isngai
VI. Qumdtioa of Final 14viaion or Renting
YII. Land LnR (D.o.~br 1926)
VIII. Land Lai (R~pril 1929)
Ix. Survey of Ch'angmang District
X. SurYIy of Tstai?oh'i District
Colophon
CONFIDENriaI.
.1.
Page 1
Page Z
Aar 5
Page 68
Page 77
Page 80
Page 87
Page 91
Page 100
Page 103
Page 106
Page 15C
Page 171
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50X1 -HUM
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
RURAL St1EiVEY5.
I"iiot.s This book i? a oorpilation of ai.osll*a~oua
sat.ri$lI bind upo? note on rural $zwvrYa mnda by Mao
Tss.ttmg axud hie asroolatsr frao aotual ob.ervaCion$ Sn
1929.1934? Thy surveys art o.-studios of individual
riuu oncl aillagse with oonor.t~ iato cu e-acl.c+~+~ ~"?
p~ctr of m peasantts dd]y liie. Thug Is givsn a vivid
and d~!'initS picture of "grnca?roots" problems Scjced lipr
any aould?be rs!'ormer of Ghinitt~ ecomony. There are to
prsfao" by utao, dtt.d in 1937 and 1941, and a colo}:han
dst~d 19 April 1941.,.7
I. gurve7 Of Hsingkwo town5bip. ((?utlino of contsnte)
A. Obs.rratiofae of sight Iiowe$ ions given b.1or as
eanplo)
1. HetivO of To~n~hl.p No. 10, Districl, No. 1.
y1&n tma11 rlsugbtsr?houae~ no capital..
Five pereoae to sat. 11se 23 &Saul~ of
load (i.e., lend producing 23 picu]ss).
Peyr 3 Pia~u rent, leaving 20. Er-oh per.
eon sate 7 picule, UkinS a tote/ of 35;
thus there is a deficit of 15 Tiaule~ whioh
he 8epsnae on hie .1au8htar~bwinse1 to m~.ko
up. On every hog killed, ie can make about
one 1u$n and 30 oa-tr (now them are no more
hogs, eo on sv?sy pig he aelcer about 50 crate)
The ,five psrsane arsi Father, age 80; wife
CONFIDENTIAl.
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 F
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4 td ;
CONHDEUI
(reiseN pigs, oooks, gets lireaood, ainds
and washes olaEher, cannot oulti.vat~ fi.lds)~
son (lii!. yeara); daughter (one yar){ him..]!
(age 29, tsrma and elauQhtors hogs) . a01dN
his own lnnd, hs rents in, jointly with otliers,
iivr piouls cf lurid, anct mint a-play a awuthti
extra labor. His mothuc did !iw yswre s6or
entailing w exp~nss of more than 100 yuan; in
addition to help from 2iin brathern, he borrowso
50 yusn, which with nooumulutod inte~eat, now
aoaounts to 150 Yuan. Ot the 4 ]icul17 are
hia own, six are "thiQh?Soot fioldt" (i.A~, r~?
mote , re;1uiriF1g a rralk}, the laubllc land of Chum
Wa in Yai-lu (diet~nt 10 ~ from Dir,triot No. 1?).
He paid n def oei1: an ooh piaul of six yuan, or
96 in all; in oddition he paid on annual rent of
three pioule (fifty percent of th~ whole).
In /larch of last year when the revolution
had ' aetbapk, he fled to tho hills of Chun-4h~un,
ehexv he helped in hill-terming. In eptembir, when
the Red Armpr oaai to Nsing?kao, ho returned; the guar
than dogs (i.e., go,srnmsnt'tf'pop~t) Ysn.trnted into
the hills, land Nae not divided, In Merch of this par,
the Red Arm attacked Kan~chou. In the Larch dimtribu?
tion, he got no lend= butt he did not hBve to pear the
three picule rent, or repay the flOt of 150 yuon. At
the saa time the 36 yMn deposit was not recovered.
8e:1nrsing with llarob he aru for three n-ozitlui, head of
the lmd departwflt helping in land division. Fawn May
~n he commanded a aor-y*ay of fluh.cOlor guards, with
Nooks (?) but no guns, for thrN fronthe? On Jul 29
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
'
.,
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
?P!
1o ]id hSN ooapary+ a~+-Swt go;Mririt gU.Xd'dN in
lbiieg?kuo. H. did other oxploita end way Pr?mot4d?
I n OotObrY' hi ].olt the a7C1~Y Etttej n1lnE buok to h10 Old
purauite, not aufltinK to bn w tad ooldior.
He had oix yeare~ sohooling, in4 could rseua cisr~?
pspare to eoins !l7tLO2lt.
H? Former D raptly of thle~ T41n0h1I
1. Ui mtri lr.~tio-a of land
2. Glaeei!'icatiort of F's0p3.S
3? FarIr%p Of Exploitation
a. janti?rAnt
b. Uaury
po Twtom
C. C1asObe in the Conflict
1. Landlorda
2. Rich peaeant~
3. qediia peasants
4. Poor pesuente
g. Hired pntB
6. Handioraftamen
7. kerchantu
6. Flpatarsjinolu~eo gemblore, bQgara. mild smoke eanclorr,
aetrologerai image?curators, Taoist priozts, Fluddk1f3t
monka~ actore, fartune.tellere.
T. 'i'rsesnt State of Land bietributlon.aiwa Are, Number' Ch71'-
ac'Eeri er-d each detuilf3 oonosrnin8*
1. PadcV-
a. iriUz,ana
:3. fonds
$? Thttldinga
5. Pi.tbliC Land
6. Spars for each person
\ ('QPdFIDENTIAI.
I
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U
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
b ~ ~QIJ j~ ?y^-j7
E. !.,.nd Taxes
l:.opls obje(3ted to tf-seS~ ssYing the revolution au
enti?rant and ~nti?tax. 'Tuxes wire called "public aell$Xs
rtmde?. The Cuba rt,srared from two to two and a halt pati
o?nt. Peoplo Mere given three c1sya to proAaae saes. Taxes
wore pgYM)le in grain or coney. Tho oi'tialel rate of aomer-
tlSOfl M::U 30 oneli year owtty~ while the markst prim rrao 201 eo
the f:'arner5 chose to bring grain.
Collection of taucow raa organised on a mill.tat7 beets , co.
cording to military nay. t73Y11 ._. r~
with 'nurse ttidecp auxl n aivi.lian lnfld ofYla2? Tlsey Mer-t from
huuea to houes o the Eras n nns wei dhecl ea c+ell rte awamur+a (otS-
ioia7. rnte 90 cattier por S;icul). 1be~ fac+ily way required to
deliver the amain to the grsr-arY that sw"? de*y; f~~urO to do
so meant that the faasily YfoU1d,,faed tbo fivo cen for each dqq
of delay. Nobody deleysdl
Soviet QowraMU,E?
a. Taanehip etracturs and oompoa:Ltion.
The sample liven shows a group of l8 ofticere with six
g~anblere in oiY9.ec.
b? District aLsvoture and composition.
C. Village straoturS and ornapoe.t'ion.
d. Faults in Gav~rnSflt Oftioia].r.
1. gur,waratio Attitu6ie
2. Profiteering through Contisoticfl
3. SuaasptiMlity to alamoroue Women
b., Dieregard of Popuk+r Hall
0, j1jtaridng of the Villages.
a. Veridilion Guards
ba Touth Vanguard
o, Doy~~ BeiWr
NcIDE"??IAL d. Inspection Carps
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
C
?. Red Argr M~r~n
t. 9psoia1 Duty Cuep~
g. Independent Red Mmpr Quits
Ii. Story of L*nd.cliviaton in Visit Xiangsi...(out3.in.)
A. Paddy
H, Waet? land
C, workers ~ttting a shnr~
D. Hill land
V. P`r?_are !i LA.rld ccr!llct~ ::: Y.irs:,;si.
(Thi,~ in a motley collection oi' eseming7,y inoonoeyt~entiai
inoonsiatenciss)
VI. 4hMation of }'i nel Division or Rertti nj
.
92T. LitnQ Len Pecembor i928
A. Con1'ieonte a].1 land Into the }wdaspion of the Aoviet
governrosnt, ar.ing the fol.lorini arthod~a, for diRtributinw
1. To peneants for Sndi.vidus.l fnrating
2. To peaeanta for ea12e~ata.ne farming
:3 . For model fnrme organi zed by the aovi of govertment.
Of the abovp, 1 its the ; rSm~ry farm; under epecicl airaun-
otertoea, or when the soviet government hem tho power, 2 and
:3 may eleo be ueed.
H. Ito 1a2d mey be bought or sold after being ocnfiecatsd and
distributed by the uoKet Rovernrwnt.
C. After dietribution of lands all pereone,~excepi;old, chi2.d.
C OMIDENTIAL
fy.
rsai~aink,,unabls to tills and those in public eervioe1 mart
be compelled to iiork.
D. Criteria of amount in diotMbating lands
1. Equal hare for old and gourig? riven and women
2. Ability to labors twice ue large a share for those able
to work.
of the above aritmris0 1 1e primary wnflsr exceptional cone
ditiCne~ 2 way be aced; reasons for wing is
Ji
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',
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
.; :.~.,'
(a). Until e4uipmeaE its ,ovidd for oaring for
s4_ and iwtauts, if Ehsas do not gst .s~ouKb
lnud, they cannot b~ rupport.d{
(b). Dividion sooording to popul+atiort te simpler
and sasior{
(o). P'.e !'amilioaro without skied or children;
awortheleoe,i while they are not ntrong nacvg!-
to eultivreto land, t1-s E^vsr-smrflt n-iY
thorn auiLnble lublic dut3r~ m~oh nu~ ourryin
of coYuatinlcntiens.
E. tnndnrde ox rogiono for lend divisions
1. Dietritht?no ;xnit xar dicitrtbutinnI
2. Sevornl, no unit for dietribuElon;
3. Torm&h~p (r; -1nit for dintrlbution.
Of the abovs, ]. 1 a primnrYi the othore mny ba lined
under speoiel condStiona.
F. Distribution of liil] lane and !'arset,e.
1. Tees-p7.wt oval firo?eood hillal ae per fields, die.
briotnne ~.in't, to tM- ,ssec9 after egttril dititrlbuCt!onp
2. Bamboo and ti. ber t111~; to be peseeeed b;. the anviet
gtlVernmsnt. But with ite prrnd.aeion, X'e~.arnt5 ma5r ue+a
the timboo o~ad L,1 ber? fifty trees or leee~ with per.
mission of the dietriot roviot{ 100 or loo, at the
trwnohip mcr-let; aose than 1001 of the county aavi~'E.
,. All bae-too wad tlmbar'f.n tc be mold try the oawrt9 aoviat
gaterflJftOmt~ money true obtained shill 'e controlled b
the high soviet government.
a. Co11ectian of Lad taxes.
1. Land texas are of thrtypes according to pz'odtLCtiOn
a. Fifteen percent
b? Trop percent
0. t$ percent
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/01 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100030024-2
+ q th K?? ~y
Y j ;;y
1
k 5. L)
Ci
(Fi1JEN14At
t.a
S
tha othsri eutiY be uaId at ?poial
Of t2uRSi a ig P!i?i?37i
novlet gowrnwut?
tier ti Ferciaeio,~ of the htgb
b. t)urinB eslamitie~~ or other niycial oar-Aitionrs with
permiaeion obtainAd from the tYSgh ~otet ~~S1'flh*ntP
taxsa may be rs1ttad.
the oountY eav1t. cud
0. Lafld tares :hall ba ool]ect~ by
t
r, high Novi at govox1-as1.
controlled by distribut+?ri?
h^ndjor1tftnmma deeiriC to ehr,re S n land
rwa~iveu by onaii
may' POCfliVO an NnouriL eyUpl tp uuo?up??
peasant.
I. OrSict,rn pnci men of the Red nrad ruin of the vez'milli.on guards,
nnrl a11 oti7cr ,;oVV'rfl3fl0nt iorkero, st-r11 recsivS e sk-are a9us3-
to th!~t of the 1:0. For the main term of xpresafon B(&omax) ~d
B(GJ omen) we obtain
(6)0k24)