GRASS FIELD ROTATION IN GRAIN SOVKHOZES (USSR)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100006-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 19, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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' 50X1-HUM ~
Title: Q~NAS9 I'2~LD RQTATION LN a~I?IN SO~~UZ~
(UuSR~
9ouroas Sovotoka~?a ~lgror~o~niy~,, No 9, 199, ~uso~.an mont~i
l~Y Dorf o~ical
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aR~_9~ ROT~T ON 1N OAA~N SQVK~o'' ~
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Grain aovkhoeea are suooes�ful'~y utilizing the grade Field e~?etem
of soil o~~tivation~ Field and ~`e~d arop rotation has been introduoed
in sov~hoaes to diverei~y their` development _ .
9ovkhoaee are al0o pllanting tree shelter belts on a large aoale
Shelter belt planting was serried on before the war over large ar�as,
especially in grain sovkhozes~ In the U'Z~ainian 998, 70 percent of the
planting ie done ingrafn eovkhazes and in Krasnodar Dray, $0 percent,
In Rostov Oblast, 70 peroQnt of the planting is in sovkhozes~ '
~rin~; the postwar period, shelter belt planting was revived In
1g~9, tree planting in ~ainian 3SR sovkhozee was 11~ percont above that
of previous ,ye�rs, in Stavropol ~ Kray 20 peroent, and in Rostov Oblast,
17 peroent~ Many sovkhozes have forest zones bordering; all arop rotation
fields, In 197, the sovkhoz lfuban had 327 hectares in its forest zones '
th� Frimalkinskiy grain Sovkhoz 209 hectares, and the Tselinskiy 4rain
5ovkhoz 159 hectares The Grant Grain Sovkhaz hack ~h7 hQctaros f~; its '
forest zone in 1917 and X00 heotares, in 199. '
~cperience of the sovkhoz Gipent, as of other eovkhozeS, shows the
favorable influence of forest zones upon grain harveets~ E
At present, sovkhozes arQ planting trace for forest zones on a large
soale and are undertaking fi�ld and feed crop rotation systems aooord3~ng
to a decree of tho Soviet of Ministers USSR and the TsK VKP~b) entitled:
The ~.an for f e to be is ntr i n a f eld r to
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s stems and the oon trust n of ds an ese i in order t ra e
h~. h and stable ha a to in to an fore t to ar a f an USSR
' Rotation systems already in operation are prooeeding acoording to plan
and with due consideration to the eoonomio and natural conditions of
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Grope rotation min aovkhoeoo ie worked out ao that ae 1ar~e
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an area ae pooeible ie planted with th� moat eeeential gain grope,
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~itt~e vari~tx ie to be ~o in tl~e numr off' atop ration P~.elde~
g ar~~~ 10 i'ield eyatame 'proviso the baoio patterna~ At the came time,
the great dit~'erenoeo in Qoil-olimatio oonditiono of araao where gain
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Qovkhoaeo are looa~ted influer~oo ~raee Meld rotation and atop diotribution~
Moat Field ~raee rotation sY�tems on gain aovkhosee have two Fields
of pere~ial p~rasoes and two Fieldo of plo~~d !'al'low, Two euah aeotione
~k� it poQSible to distribute advantageously 5pb Fields of gain stops,
oaf which ~'ielr~s are winter and ewer wh�at, Perennial SrasseQ restore
sail Fertility while tho two plowed Fields make possible systematic
removal of weeds From fields Crop rotation in gain sovkhoz�s is repre-
eented by the following plane, applying to various regions of the Soviet
Union.
In the Northern Cauoasus region= Crimean Oblast, Ukrainie~n 9SR and
MoldaQian SSR, the following Srass fi�ld rotation systems have been
` adopteds
Crop Rotation No l; (1) black fallow (2) winter wheat (3) Bummer
wh�at and evm~ner gains with add~.ti.onal mixtures of perennial ~rasees
(1~-5) perennial gasses (6) steer wheat ~7`) winter wheat black
fallow (4} wint�r wheat (1Q) 7~ percent winter wheat and 25 percent sun-
;
flowers
Crop Rotation No 2; (1} black fallow (2} winter wheat (3} bar/�y
with additional sowin~e of mixed perennial gasses (4-5} perennial gasses
(6) summ�r wheat (7) winter wheat (S) blaok fallow (9) winter wheat
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(10) summer wheat, 10-2~ percent surdlower seed
Crap Rotation No 3� (l) black fallow (2) w~,nter wheat (3) winter
wheat with additional. ,eaw~.nSs of mixed perennial gasses (1~-5) perennial
gasses, (6} summer wheat (7) winter wheat black fallow (g) winter
wheat (l0) 75 percent winter Wheat, 2~ percent eunflowar~

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Orop potation ~o (1~ b~aok tallow winter wheat with adds-
tional sowin~a of porennial grasses (3-~) perennial gxao��� (~=6) sum-
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mer wheat (7) book tallsw winter wheat (9) r wh�at f per
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graino ~ and euntlowors
Savkhaaoa in Kra�nodar ~`y and southern Rostov Oblast use the first
type of Drop rotation,
Winter wh�at oompriaes 40 percent off' this rotation syetem~ Some-
timos winter grains replace agar grains iii thsl third ~ield~ and aummor
wheat ie sown a!'ter the top layer of soil in the seventh field ie turned
over. Thin aombino~tion i� lees ae~tf~afaatory, ainae perennial sees
in this oaee are sown underneath the winter wheat and this is unfavorable
For the gra saes ~ ~t pre sent, additional sowing of ~raeee s for fall planting
ie done only ~~n exoeptional oases If
sunflowers are add�d to crop rota-
tion~ they are planted in the tenth field where they oooupy from one
fourth to one half the area

' In central Rostov Oblast, there are more fields of s~mar wheat, ~nr
the Zeading type of
Drop rotation is the Igo ~ 2 system where winter wheat
is reduoed to 30 peroent and seer wheat is increased to 20 peraent~
Most of
the winter wheat (1~7�~0) is sown e~ceording to the third
syst�m of rotation In the driest Stavropol Kray regions and in northern
Rostov Oblast saner wheat ie sown on the top layer and on the turned
over soil
In this oas�, the order of rotation is as follows: (x) fallow
(2y winter wheat (3~ barley and grasses (~-5) greases (6) Winer wheat
(7~ stunner wheat (g~ fallow (9) winter wheat (10~ summer wheat Winter

~ ~ wheat oomprises 20 peroent of this sowing
zn grain aovkhozes of Kharkhov, Stalino~ and ~nepropatrovek oblasts,
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Drop composition is as tollowss (1) i'allow (2) winter wheat winter
wheat with additional sowing of mixed perennial grasses (1~-5) grasses
(b) summer wheat (7) winter wheat (~y tallow (9) winter wheat (10) grain ~
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.fodder 7 poroont and eur~~,owor pore@nt ~ ~h~o ro~tion~ �yat~om
provid~o for stubble eowin~ of paronaial �ooo in years whQn fall
oowiag after a dry opting io riot pooAiblo ~ some gain oovkho~ee
in ~ta~,ino Oblaat~ Ukrainian 9s~, whor� Durso Drop oo~ri~~� are ur~ro~,iablo'
~raseoe arQ sown without Hares aropo and th� ro~tion system hao the
following oompoeition: (1) ~'a11ow (2) winter wheat ~3y sowings of
p~rerotial gra Dee o without nut�� oropQ (1~�~) brae ee o ~6) summer whoa
(7) winter wheat fallow (9) winter wheat (1c~) 75 peroent winter
wheat and 2~ percent sunflower
~n gain �ova~hozoo located in dry regions ~ beoauee of the need
to maintain two fields raising perennial graeeem and in order to pleas
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fiold� aownf in oloee to fallow fields IO-~ el
~ , i d Drop rotation ie replaoed
by 9�field rotation: binok fallow (2) winter wheat with additional
sowings of per~nnialgraeeoe (3-~,) per�nnial presses (5) summer wheat
(b) winter whet (7) fs?llow ~0) wint�r wheat (qj winter wh�at and fe�d
Drops. In this system, fallow and perennial grasee9 occupy tip to ~2
percent of the area, as against 20 percent in the 10-f i�Id systems
Grass is sown in Fa11ow f~telds and dev�lops well during the first period
of ,.growth ~ Sn acid regions where winter wheat Dan be sown only in
Fallow fields, Drop rotation Dan only be set up as follows= fallow
(2) winter wheat with add~:tfonal sowings of per@nnial p_,rasseA (3-~M~
perennial press�s (5-6) summer wheat (7) fallow winter rye ~9) oats
and barley This r~ystam of rotation ie fotutd in Stalingrad Ob~.ast~
F~ere one fia~,d of fallow is often planted with w~.nter rye instead of
winter wheat
xn the Volga region of Saratov Oblast, where the dark chestnut
soils grow grass m~.xtures of z~rhioh the basic component is apro~ron
and where the process of ~;row~.ng per�nnia~. Bras�es and forming a rich
soil. layer is slow, Drop rotation includes three fig~.ds of e n
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grasses ~ It has the following crop d istribution: Crap, rotation ~o ~ 6; ~
(1) black fa:~low (2) winter and summer wheat with additional sow~.ng
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mor wheat blank F~11ow ~9) winter (10} barley ar~d oate�
Grain eovoaQO of ciboria snd Northern Kaaakho~n having the oamo
number oF' Ffiolde giant orgy one fallow Meld of ry�~ the o~y winter
gain sown ~ and oommer wheat aFtor the eeaond Fallow, to whioh ~ere~fial
~traQeea are added. At p~roaent~ winter wheat iv distributed amrn~ the
stubble off' per wheat aFter the aeoand ~azlow aaoordfits~ to the ~yeenko
methods and tl~exe ara two fallow fields of wint�r wheat in the rotation
ey stem
Siberian Aovkho~ea have the follawin~ braes Field rotation ayster~e j
a Crop rotation Ne {1) al�att Fallow wint�r rye per wheat
with additional sowing! off` perenr~iaa= ~raeees (~-5) perennial ~raeeea
{6) et~amer wheat (7} etu~an�r wh�dt alQar~ Fallow (9) eur~ner wheat
(10) oats and barley
Crop rotation with winter wheat sowing ~~~as in~troduoed in 19,6 in
the 9osnovsk Grain 9ovkho~es in Omsk Oblast, 8y 199 two sores of
winter wheat wars saw"e?~ in stubble in Qmsk Obla~~.~ der�y as in sov-
khozss of the southern rayons, 10-field rotation has shown its ~'lexi-
bility; crop distribution oan be ohara~ed without disturbing! th� basin
aspeots of the system ~n the ~lita ar~d Lesaaya seed raising Grass)
sovkhoze s, rotation with three fields of perennial bras se s was set
as follows z E~.ita SovJdaoz ~ (1) al~an fa1.low (2) summer ~~heat with
additional sowing of perennial gasses (~-5) perennial ~rasaes (b-7) star-
mar wheat clean ~'alZow (9) winter rye (10) rye and barley
~litA and Lesnaya sov~Choz�s= olean fallow winter rye
(3) summer wheat with additional sowing of pe~rennie~l brass (~-6) p9ren-
nial grasses (7} stu~mner wheat barley and oats
The ~.4-fie~.d rotation in ~l.ita Sovkhoz was bean o~ a 3,$00 heotare
-fie~.d rotation on a X40 heotare ar�a, In Alabatinskiy
area and th8 ~ ~
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and Cherlakskiy rayons, located in the �~tr�me south of 4~aek Oblaet~ (
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10-fie~.d rotation with additional. sowi~ag of grass with wheat is b�iYig
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oond~otod on o1o~n ~a11ow~ (ly sheen fallow ouer wheat with
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additional eowinS o~ ASee perennial oeeo ~~-by owner whoa~t
~7) clean �ollo~ r wheat ~~y oats and barl~y~
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On the whole, all vorlations oP Drop rotation in gain aovkhoeoo
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are bein,~ exhaustively studied aooordin~ to planar Seven- and ei~t-
Meld seed raising rotation systems are desi~ated to brow high duality
ee�de �or various rayons ~ Sovkhozos whiQh produa� marketable Stain
and have atop rotations �ystems with a va~ryin~ number o� �i�lde are
few in nuonber
The basic peou~liarity o� the 10-�ield ~ras� rotation system is
th� Sarg� n~nber o� fields raising perennial praoA�s and lying fallow
Fields to which soil �ertility has been restored and which are without
weeds have a ~,~6 ratio; that ie, there is one field raising gasses
or lying Fallow to e4ery 1~ !'fields sown This is peculiar only to
gain sovkho~ea and ahowQ the possibility of obtaining high grain har-
vests from them. At the same time, gain Drops occupy as much as b0
percent of the rotation area. These Beading gain Drops, especiaSly
wheat, are planted in thQ best soil in a turned over layer of peren-
nial~;rasses, or in bSaok ~'allow~ The Sayer of perennial grasses, as
well: a� faSlow, is used for sowing only two orops~ This rotation
guarantees removal of weeds from fields in a short period of time and
also excludes the possibility o� choking up #'ieSds with weeds provided
the right system o� soil cultivation is used
PerenniaS grass fields are the most important �aotor in the rotation
system For grass suaoessfubl.ly to restore soil fertility, the grass
must be provided with best possible conditions For its growth Agrono-
Y mists have been working steadily on this problem in its relation to
~ or o f m re than a r oe has
~ op rotation in sovkho2 s or o 10 ye rs~ Expe ien
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shown that winter wins are the best Dover crop; as a result, nearly
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all rotation s stems in t �south rn re ions were based on addition 1
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sowings o� perennial grasses and�r a cover of winter wheat
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this riod th� ardor o~ Drop rotation was a� ~ollowas
~n tho ~ORP~eId oystomi oloan ~'a~low ~
~ ~ winter wheat ~3) win-
t�r wh�at with additional sowing off' xenn
po ial graoaoo, oto, ~
~n th� 9-~i�ld sYst�mr ~i) o1oan ~a~low ~ w#ntor
~ ~ whit with
additional sowing oi' pQronnial grasses, eto~
~t proeont, whoa high winter Drop l~a~veats aro ohokin~ Drat oov�r
grasses, hoot aotiVe oovkhoz workers agreo th+~t aina, �speoiall barle
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and summer wheat,, serve as the bast oov�r orops~ The pre~nt lan
P
o� rotati n with additional aowie~ of perennial sAes vender suer
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Drops has ovod suoo�osl~1 and worthwhile by th� experientaa o~ hun-
dreds A� sovkhozes.
additional sowing o� perennial, i~rasaes and�r winder wheat is as-
p
Bible only in the extreme south o� Ul~ainian 838 and in th� Crimea
where th� seoond winter harvest is Tower. Another peauliarit o� rota-
'
tiara is the distribution of winter wheat
In the field prase rotation of southern sovkhozee, it is im rtant
po
to harvest and .r�-sow winter wheat during the same year, ~etwo�n win-
ter wheat harveBtinQ and the seoond sowing o� winter wheat a 1 to
2 month period elapses during which the soil must b� oti~.tivat@d, Usual/
Y
the s~rst�m o� aul.tivating these �ields depends on the first plowin
g
and oultivation prior to sow~.ng, In addition to this, since fallow
fields are sowed First the sea
and sowing of winter grain is often
delayed This frequently results in harv�sts o� the second winter wheat
Drop Falling to 60 percent of the winter wheat harvest obta~,ned �
ram
fallow
~aeperienoe o� grain sovkhozea shows that the seoond h
arvest need
not be sma~.ler than the first, The size o� the harve"~t de
panda upon
i the period of cultivation and, a special,/ u on
' Y, p the time o� sowing,
In an experimental gra~,n aovkhoz in Rostov Oblast ha
rvests were as
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~ Follows, depending upon the tuna needed for oo~n letin f .
p g the works
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Win~tor whoat
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Prw~ouo ~ in con~nors
agr3oalturel Aroa in ~ g
t re ~ awe n~ ~o
2nd sawi~ ~ 9~ ~
lgl 1-10/~ 11-16/~ 12,7
. o II1 12-1b/1X 22,E
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u 2~/VII 9/1K a6 f ~
a w X11 1~~26/IX 29
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~ llo
~oross sowing)
This avid�noo shows that plowing subs�quent to harvesting; and an
a riod for re-sowing winter wheat oan incr�ase the second harvest
e rly Pe
to the average ~.evel o� harvQats r�ceived �rom Olean #'allow,
The �x rimental grain sovkhoz ias 'located in a region where there
ev�ral lar~�-soal� grain aovkhozas inoluding the Gigant, Fie�linakiy~
are s
f ~ k�k and other sovlcho~es, so that the rspeoial �eatur�s
Sal skit', ~gorly iy~
ae the results o~ utilising various modern apri-
of production ae wel
roceduree ~:n this sovkhoz will be characteriatia for the
oultural p
entire group o� sovkhozes~
a
Harvesting and eowin~ o� winter Wheat ~~n the same year in quito
dif �erer?t in Krasnodar Kray,
n the Kuban ~ovkhoz, the seoond Winter Wheat harvest was almost
lame as the harvest �rom Fallow, With the ~:tilization o� mineral
as .f
eld was inoreased and in some oases exceeded the win-
�ertili~ers th� yi
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ter wheat yield obtained �rom Fellow,
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ar est winter wh�at harvest in lg~~ was the seoond on�s a
Th�l g k
e area enriohed with l.7 oAntners o� superphosphate and 0,$
hec~?r

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a aentners por heotare o� amrnoniwn sa~t~t�r produaad 2~ oentnerrs per ~
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heaters o� rain and a 32 hectare area enriohed with two oentnera per
g ;
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heotaro o~ ao~ produoo~ ?7~9 oontnoro ~r hoot~ra o~ ~rai~~ .k
tai ~o oldQOt ~~rono~~ of of th4 ~i~ant sovkhoa, atto~s~od
e eoond harvest so that it produoad ao muah as tho
to inoraaee th a
e to olimina~to au~,tiv~tion prior tO tt~o oeoond
drat, and ulti~t ly
the oe f iald a would be dons imm~diataly ~ In
oo~n~ ao that aowin~ in
Oat oro was planted dayo �arlior thin -
1~1~?, thQ o4 oond winter wh p
the shoots
the wheat sowed in fallow ~QOanoo of the earlior oow~;n~,
. owin loaves when win~~er set in ~ Thy alight
developed well and were
owin: wintor wheat in fallow ~rotu~d did not oause its growth
delay in o
t be dela ed and th� wheat was :fin a ~oAd oondition when winter be~an~
o ,
sears roved to be very of feotive ~ In 197 the oeoond harvest
This ~ p
f winter whoa was ~0-b0 percent of tie winter whoa harvest from
0
a l w but in 191,E it was inoreasad to ~0~ peroent~ In 1~~$, the averr~~e
fla,
w har~reat of winter wheat per sovkhoz~ was ~3~6 oentners per heo-
fallo
tar� and th+~ saoond harvASt~ 16~~ oentners psr heottare~
A further inorease in the size of th� s�oond wheat harvest oan
ed by usin mineral fertiliz�rs as has boon shown by the t;uban~
be obtain ~
Sovkhaz~
The or nizational f�atures of suoo�ssful orop rotation call for
ariet of crops and fallow fields which provid� oonditions ror the
av Y
unifor?n utilization of traetivR ~'oree and manpower in separate a~ri-
cultural psriods~
From this int of view, the 9 and 10 field rotation systems of
sovkhoz�s era extremely Drell suited to the natural and economic
gain
4
featurQS of the area.
f the oro rotation plan worked out in gain sovkhozea
An analysis o p
shows that when diffgrant quantities of w~.nter wheat
of Rostov Oblast
e sown the uniform distribution of tractor work in the best periods
ar
j.
is or anizod by the 10-field rotation system with 37 percent tirinter
{ ~
eat and in the drier regions, a 9-field �yst�m of rotation with ~a
wh
percent winter wheat (plan No 2)
4~~~ ilh,p~ "li~ i~ 'a
~jl ~
ii
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r'
~'Op r0~~t~An ~yO~Q~tO ~xoWin~ r~~ Or ~uan$itioo Of Wince
ter wheat and, oonooquQntly~ thoao o4erloadod with oummer aropo, featly
add 'to the Hood of traotora during both a~rin~; work and harveatin~~
Theo, if a lO-field atop station system w~.th ~7 ~ ~ poraQnt winter whit
Hoods ten S-~G traatare a~ six U-~ traatoro to cultivate its 10,000
' he otare area, a l~�f field afire tam with ~O peraont winter wheat, during
a. harveotina period for summer grai~no, needs 1~~ traotoro
Only two eovkho ze a in ~o etov Ob~~a at, imeni 5ta~, in and ~~orosovekiy,
hove atop rotation with 20 percent winter wheat.
An analysis a� gra�r f
~elc1 rotation eystemg of gain eovkhozea
in Sib�ria shows that atop rotation with two fields Af paranoia/ grasses
and two fiolde of faa:low makes poeoible more uniform utilization of
tractors in sear~onr Six thousand h�ataree of rotation arcs with six `
fi�~,ds o!' grain crops, of which five fields ar� sinner wh�at, could
b� oulti~rated by nine S-g0 tractors f and the 9-#'i�ld by eight tractors
The periods of the moAt int�nee work ar� harvestinp~ winter sowing,
and plowing of fallow. In Siberia, thes� work poriodc follow oansooutively;
during favorable weath�r oo~nditi~+ns the tractor park works two months
steadily. Unfavorable weather conditions lead to interruptions in
work sod shorten th@ period when different kinds of work f s don�~ Th�
introduction of self~propellc~d combines, operating primarily in savkhozes
at pr�s�nt, oonsid�rabl~y lengtthens the harvesting period and guarantees
an early beginning for harvesting fallow. An analysis of crop rotation
in gain sovlchoz�s of the �outhern and eastern regions of the Soviet
Union shows that the introduction of these rotation systems answers
the gpeoie~l productive needs of thA sov~.hozee end completes the tasks
which must ba done by gra~,n �ovkhozes~
' Field grass rotation :~s not an independent pert of grain eovkhoz
field organizat~.on, but is only one part of t~a� coordinated field and
feed grass rotation s3rstem~
i
brass rotation areas in grain govkhozas of differ�nt regions are
~~,1
q~;
x j~
k f ~ i
organized ag is shown in Table ~
t ~
~ ply, ~ ~^1. ' g~" ~k i i~ i, a~
ES ~I ^ I
x
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i~ _ ~t t
. _
' ~ ~
. , s',
~u ~�w
y .H.
~ ~;~.i~'
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S

S
w:
~ ~ ~ t
i~ f'~ 1~ ~
i~
Tab1Q
Gxain oov'~o~Qa
.,.~9
Krasnnodar Kray 90~~ 3~6 ~~0
b set X941 i ~3 g.6
Rostov 0 ~
O~sk Oblast ~b~~ ~~3 12~~
Alta Xra ~~,0 l~~r 10~~
~ y
~abarovok Kray ~1a ~ 0 ~
The introduction of feed Drop rotation mal~os poQeibla a broader
development off' liv�stoak raiein~; and saiantifio utilization of hay,
oha~'f , at~d other �e condary crops ~ '
Goad organization of the crop rotation eya~�m ~arovidaa a stable
base far the dgv+~lo~ment oP min dovk~ozeQ ae mul,ti-branohed economic
units. Livestock raising per 100 heat~are� of a~rioultura~. area in
these gain sovkhazes h~a the ~'ollc~win~ compositf,ons
Table
Gra~.n savkhozes egad per 100 bectar�s of agricultural ~.and~
Cattl� Kogs Sheep Poultry Rorses
COblasts and 1~rays)
Krasnodar Kray 7 ~ 7 3 ~ ~ 5 17 ~ 5
Rostov Oblast 5~1 1~~ 21 15 0.9
obla�~ ~a~3 0.9 1~,~ lz.~ 1.1
Omsk
Altsy Kray ~ ~ $ 21 Zl ~ 0 1 ~ 2
k Kra 7.0 2.l ~ ~a ~0 0.9
Khabaro~rs y
i
oral land determinag tha organization of livostoek Indus-
{ Aprievlt s
tries to a considerab~,e extent. In regions hav~,ng large natural pastures,
hee rais9.n whioh is important in Rostov and Omsk ob~.asts and A~,tay
s p gr
d aonsidarabl ~ Regions restricted by the �ize of
~iray~ has dev�lope y
es have a lar a meat and dairy industry (Krasnodar and
natural pa at~~r ~
t{habarovsl~ krays)~ Th� size of hog and poultry industries ~ fain
~
.
~ ~ d ~7i (1 Ai - ~ c i
E ~ ,
~ra ~
~ ~r M ~
y ~ nr
r:
~
- ii.p
t.
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100006-4
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is
+ ! ~ ~1 .i '
~~~~~~~a
~o~r~hoae a oan bo oA~oiderab~y inorda oad
As a ~�~saral rule, sash gain �ovkhoa, on the baoio o� ass �
cold
rota~~,on oystomo and soientifia utilization o� natural �ee~d atop acrAa~o
.r
has all the baoio livaatook raising i~adustrio�~
In Krasnodar ~ray~ the meat and dairy ~,nduot~, k~a~ induatr~?, and
poultry industry are beir~~ c~aveloped in all aovkhozos and. have own
oonsiderably ainoe 19~0~ ~'ho nt~nber a~' ?in sovkhozes d~velopin~ the
aheop industry is being reduoed due to ~,he feat that theQO sovkhozes
have no natural paotures end it is moxe expediont to devolop the dairy
industry in arose ~rharQ oh�rnozem ~:o sown with ~rass~ In Kur~an Oblast
~3 percent o� th� gra~:n savkhoz�s have no sheep industry The rem~in-
in~; livestock raising induotriee are found in all sovkho3Qfl and the
sizes o~ thQ hod and she�~ industries are nor�aaed 5~ peroent, oattla
2,1 tunas anal tho pot~,try industry 10~~ timos. O~bk Oblast has X11
!'our industrie� in all sovkhoze$. A~~ioulture is being increased 7-8
tim�p~ In addition to a quantitet~.ve inereaeo of livestook, step rota-
.
Lion has also oonsiderably ir~proved the qual,itativ� indioes o� livaatook
produota,
The grass Field rotation system is aooompanied by a. scientific
system of soil, aultivation~ Sovkhozes whioh have mastered rotation
also have considerably areas o� bleak fallow and all plo~rin~ is done
by a plow with a palter, In the leading sovkhozes, Gf~ant and Tselin-
akiy, the experimental: sovkhoa (Rostov Oblast), Kuban (Krasnodar Kra y
Ys
and Vorob~yevskiy (Voronezh Oblast), the bleak and of�Qn fallow and also
f~,elds sowed, For the seoond Lima are cu.'ttivated by plows w~tth aolters~
~o3~enti�io plowing is beoomin a neoeesa
g ry part of soil. cultivation
in both fallow and plowed areas as a means o� inareas
3x~g the size o�
the harvests Care of fallow includes bbi
n~; and oult~,vating the soil
The method of cultivation used depends upon the special Features
of
{ the region and wAathar conditions, Areas a� aonsiderab~,e moi
store in
Teel inakiy Sovkhoz are used for grubbing i`a~1ow.
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e
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f a
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h ~4# tY
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w~r~ ~~p a; 1 ~,4
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yr r ; ~ a~ ~tD4~~~F~~ - ~ ~ x!
4 1 i :'fib ?d ~"~m~+~ 5,
hz
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100006-4
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~o pan a ~a~~o oaa~a ~ Cultivation
G~abbin~ o~ o~ubbio ~iu~ do
o art o~ t1~Q pr�para~o work pxooadiu~ tbo
and Y~arrowiu~ o~ ~oii r p
aowin~ c~ nor oropo
iu tho ooionti~io o~o~om o~ ooi~ ~~iva~ion~
Ao a root off' Rio
r aid morn atobl� harv�ot� (Tab1v
oovkho~ao havA bo? to roooiv� hi~h�
Tab a
tov ~c rimontdl ~uban~ Sovkhoe
~~o1d i~ Co~ts~ors Gi~;ant 3ovkhox ~0� ~ov~Cho~
per otara ont hect~roo ~roont hootareo poro�nt
hootaroo pero
~2 0~~
~ 1G 1~ 0'1
~oxo`
20 0~? 10~~
Fro~a 11 to 1~ 1 ~6
aa,9 ~~69 ~'7 ~
1C. � 20 ~ f09~~
' 1 099 20~~ X50 211 ,
i, 20.1 � 2? 1,401 10,~a t
``2 1766 ~2~6 1,29 32.2
22.1 ?r 7,197 ~ ,
~,g~ xa.~ Tao 1.7.9
,r 21~ ~ 1 " 26 9~ ~ 7.3
752 11~ X04 12~a
� 2~~1 z~ 529 3 ~9
a 72 1.7 ,
2~ ~ 1 and over 27? 2 ~
r-."""""' 100 ~ 0
1a0~0 ~,4~ 1000 4,43
Total. 13,
the above data, in 191+ larp~e erase produoed
A ~ eV~dAri~ ~rOm
. centn�rs ~+r hectare ~ ~n the Gi~ar?t Sovkhoz, more
o harvest of 22 24
ea roduced 22-21~ oentners per hectare 1n
than ~0 percent of the ar p
ons roduce lees than 1~ cantuera per hectare
the Kuban ~ovkhoa, rio eecti p
ds or more sr� usual. and are oharactarized y i
Thug ~ harve at ~ o ~ ~ ~0 ~
~,n the crop rotation ay~tem ~ At pr�sent,
craps drown ~n sov~cho~aa us ~
Cation area sown with perennial ~re;sd�e ie near
the size a~' the crop ro ~
N
the norm ('~Cab1.e 5) ~
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a
111
M
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t ti~ � r~
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_w _ _ _ _ .
`a
t
F
r
` ~
'
~ ~ii rrr
Amou~~ oxpoo~od ou~~ oxpeo~od
r ~�o~~re to ~ou~~ par hoa#~re i~ ~mnur~t for-
~ov~hoaea ro~t~ar~ Roooivod Peroenta~e rotation ~Q0~~90d o0~'~~0
Oi~an~ T, ~~0 67~ 91.7 1, ~~5 4~~ ~~~b
l~ckiy x,666 ~,0~~ 763 7~~ ~~6 7~~'~
Td~linakiy 1~,~A0 ~,1~6 ?~~1 1#~65 31~ 19.9
Rostov ~cporl-
mental ~1.~~ 6~~3 7~ ~ 7 66 12 ~ ~
KubAt~r ~,1~~ ~,~1~ 7~0 ~~~~r
Vorob ~yevekiy 9~'~ 9a~ 100 1~0 1~0 lA0
H;r eprin~ off' 1~~0, all eovkhozer~ will hf~ve ~~ndertalc�n #'i�ld Drop ,
.rotation.
Feed crop rotation sho~~ld be undert~~en more rapidly during the
next 2-~ yes~rs. Sovkhozes whioh havo already undertaken Drop rotation
produce lamer harveots (Table 6),
Tab..
Mint�r whQrtt harv�st in c�ntn�rs par heaters
Savkhozes 19~ 19~~ 19~~ 1~~~7 1~1~~
Giant 1~~7 10~~ 1~.7 132 22.2
Tsel~inskiy ~~9 9~~ ~.6,~ 1~,7 197
~uban~ 11~~. 16~~ 1~.~ l~l~l~ 2~~0
~torob ~ yevsl~iy 9 ~ 2 l~ 19 ~ g
- Theca l~arves~s are obtained in the lamest sovkhozee such as Gigant
;~r, thousands off' hectares and this giver th�m special s~.gni~'3.oance~ ' ;`F
w~
wing ~,he chart postwar p�riod, the prewar harvest level he~a already
~t ~ r~
been ooneiderably exeeeded~ The highest prewar yield ~raa in ~.9~,0 when
~s ~ ~
hr~ s.vera a winter wheat in the Gi ant ~ovkhoz wa.s l~ centnere per heaters; ,E~
t g g a.
~ k
bar 191,.E the 1ev�1 0~ the harvest inoreaaed by ~.9 oentners per hectare ~k
i1~;
' or ~6 percent
~ , f~~
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~ ~ ~
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* 1 111 ~
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I~ o Kubo~~ ~ovkho~ too wi~tor w~oot ~io~d i~ 1~0 woo ~A~~ oor~~t~e~?o
I
~r heo~ra, end i~ ~9~~, o�~tnora por hoot~ro or ooht~o~~ hi~l~or~
A1tho~~h ~9~6 woe oxtre~ro~~ bid h~rvoata w�ro obt~i~ed ~ rho
~i~ant ~ Tae~ina~ci~ oovk~ao~oo dad bi~~or ha~reoto in 19,x,6 thou ~9~?,
whop weathor oonditio~~ wer@ rQl~tivoly 3'ovorab~Q
Theo, o� hoo baen ohowa b~ aovl~ho~�o, tho ~ro~o ~'io1~ a~eto~ oP
soil ou~tiv~t~,on r~i~QO the ~erti~.ity off' the ooi~ whioh ire tuns ~aron-
toea high ~~~1 �t~b1e harvoota irrQ~~~otiv� o~ we~th�r oo~ditiona~
� ~ ~ ~ �
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al ~d~ s J. ~ tfi ( ~ c '
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