HIGH-VOLTAGE CONDENSERS WITH COMPRESSED-GAS INSULATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100022-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: January 2, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
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50X1-HUM
QIE COI~ENS~iS ~IT~~ CO~IP~t~SbFI~-aAS ~N9~LATION by
Tit/�: I~I4~I VOLTA
ov and N. P~ Olii~na C~S5R}
M. Qlokhberg~ N~ M. Rem
T�khnichemkoy Fiz~,ki~ Vo], XIT, No 1~ Ruseien
Soti~rc�s Zhurnal
monthly periodical, p ~-13~ 192
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
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M. Ookhborg ~
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rs, P, a~ikina,
Lo~ingrad P~ra~?~eoh fat,
Road oP Soi U~~ (1941
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Thi� article d�saribe~ the aonstruation of a high-voltag� oondens�r
Par high Prequenoies whiol~ is Pilled with elogas under prosoure~ Con-
ti ~ A
denaero with oapaoitanoes of ~OOt 600, 1200 and X000 f wars tested
at A kv ~'or Pr = uenoe s u to 1 ~ 2 10~ with 100 modulation
4 ~ p ~
1. INT~i00UCTI01~
At prey�nt compross�d-gas insulation has acquired ver~r great sig-
nifioanoa~ Because of the absenoe of dieleotrio loss�~~ gaseous agents j
ar� the beat insulation in high-frec~uenoy toohnology~ In spite of its
t at first
small dieleotria lossos, how�v�r~ ga~saoua inaulation~ oould no
y-
. r....
oompete with solid a~~d liquid dielectrios because of *its relatively
...~~~.,.,~.,..,N,M�...�
small rasistarnoe to rupture at Rtr~ospher~.o pressure, which possess a
~SC.iiYYG~4YiW~"" ~[e,....N~~Wb~fY4~Y~WimeMn ~ r- a .r.MPa1RWYFI~W
greater resis~~ance to rupture
�~h~ r~~ ~st~v~ca o~ _ o~
~to rupture oan be raised by inoreasing the
i
pressure In a uniform e1�etrieal field the breakdown voltage rises ~
linearly with pressure within thQ limits of several tans of atmospheres
For anon-uniform field the breakdown voltage rises more slowly, and the
higher the pressure thQ less th� increase in breakdown voltage for eaoh
subsequent increase in preaaure~
In radio engineering oompr�ssed nitrogen serves to solve the prob-
t h~ U~
r
lern of gaseous insulation in condensers In iaa oondensers with
nitrogen axe beginning to be used and are being widely ardvertiaed; the ,
~ condensers possess a capacitance cf 100-2040 ~ caloulated for oper-
u .
anon at 30000-~,0~000 volts :and are fi~.ed with nitrogen up to l~0 at-
E~ ~ ~;~a. ~ morpheres
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our lahorator~ in the ~eningr Ph~roico-~eohnioal Inotituta invea- f +
~
a?
tigatad the bro~down reoiat~oo off' ~i~~eront woes, ~ovoral doyen gaooo
worn otudied as aoia~,~. aaao with Q~.ootrioa~~, roaistanoo hi her than t~ a'~ o~
i P ~ g g
FY
air wo woro partiou~ar~,y to~aptod b~ tho idQa A~ using Quoh high-ro- z
M.
e ~ '~';Yt
oiatar~ao gases as gaAOOUO inau ~
s i steno e i ~ 2 ~ 5 times grRater than aim t~ �`C c ~ o i r,
Sulfur hexaflouride (~F6) pos�esses the folloaring proportiess At
-62�C its vapor pr�ss~~re over solid sulfur h�xaflouri~tie e~,ual� 760 mm/~~g;
at -~0~~�C SF6 melts, having a saturated vapor presQUre of 1710 mm/fig;
the oritioal temperat~~re of
the gas is ~1~�C; er~d at room temperatures
the pressurQ of the saturated vapors appro~ohas several tens of atmr~~
spheres Sulfur hexaflouride is ch�mieally stables possesses a high tern-
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I
perature of d3~ssooiation, and dissooiat�s weakly during an el�otrioal
u
t' disorarg�~
i:_.
� We proposed to use sulfur hexsflouride in various high-voltage de- a
~e . e . .
; vioes, partioula~rly in oond�nsers~
r In order to indioate the partioular usefulness of SF for Use in
6
,
the eleotrioal industry and in high-voltage teohnology, we oonditionally
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100 ~ ~ I ~ ~ " ,
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
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ThQ aa~aoitanoa oo~dvaQOra whioh wo vonotruotod aid
veatigatod oo~aiat baoioall~ of an iron oAntainor ooalod hor~otioall~
by a lid to whioh aro attaahod the oor~donaor plates and ahigh-poton- )
tial load (ou~tlot} ~ The general term of the oondonoar is ~ioturod in
Fi~u^a 1.
The high�potontial load is manu~aaturod ~`rom optioal glaao and poa-
oeeaee~~~.an o#'fioi�nt oonfig~ratios~ (n~nely~ a hemis~ph@ro) for operation
under oom~reaaion~ The lead oonaiote of two hemioph�r�a ono funo-
tionQ and withstands the gas pressure inside the oondono�r, and the
other homtspl~Qre a�rve� mQr�ly an a ~upnort for the l�ad shaft
sQVQraI dozen homiophcres wQr� eatia~'aotorily tested at hydroata-
tia loads of to tone, To prevent damage, a,ir id inoertod at normal
pressure ~.no~.d@ the hemispheres, wh~.eh is achiQv~1 with the aid of
vent
(C}. This vent aloe serves to ao?itrol the aompreesion of
the working
hemisphere, Chloroprane paaking~; (E) ie laid betty�r~n the h�misphores
and th� lid (D}; there aro similar gaskets between the high-potential
shaft and the hams spheres
Firs~1 the outlet ~.�ad is ass�mb1Qd saparatel~~r on the lid of the
container and 'the whole system is tightened by nuts on the high-poten-
tial c~haft~ Thong wh�n the oondenser has been aQSembled, the funotion-
ing h�misphere is autamatioall~ compressed and sealed by the gee prea-
,
sure inside the aontainer~
To guard ~ainat flashover along the surface of th� insulators and ~
y
to improve the eleatria-field diotril~u:tion a1,ong the surface of the ex-
~
_ ~
pn~'rn~~~
terns/ glass insulator, the disk (K) was placed on the his �utlet. To
a
guard against marginal effects, the disk has a rim with large ra~3~,ua of
r C'`t~'V~turA 1
a
4 The aondeneer consists of a set of alum~,num disks, where the lower
~9 potential plates are mounted on three rode and fastened to the lid of
a +,~`~~f
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- Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
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t~Q Qo~tainQr and thA h '
igl~.potential platoQ are Easton�d to tho lced
ahaft~ Tho low-potontial platoo oar be moved vortioai~,y with the aid
of the screw ~aoko (L) ~ whioh exa ~ part of their faatoning rods
A
tl~~.s a~lowa the diotar~aa botwoor~ tho high potos~tial and low potential
G~
platoa to bo ad~ustod oomparativQly aoouratQly~ ~n order to distribute
thn oloatrio ourrent uni~'orm].y, whioh is �aaantiax for thQ o~?oration
of a aondenoer at high fro~uonoies with large ourronta) ~ all their
rods aro aonncotod together by the bulbar (!d) ~ whio~? is oonneotid by a
terminal on the lift through a ooppQr load
~It the bottom of tho aenden�er is a aide ina~~ator (N) to el~-
nate misaligrunent battyeen the systems of hig~j and low potential plat�a
(whioh results from thv aot~,on of Qleotrio foroe� between thorn bsoause
of inaaourato spacing) ~ Th� ins~~lator, m~tdo of optioal glass, is fast-
ened to the ends off' the three rods holding the low-potential plates,
suffioient algarar~oe b�3ng provided to prevent its br�aking on h�ating
up die to diffaront ooeffioienta of therma]~ �xpsnt~ion of Maas and mo-
tal~ The set of oondensor plates ands on both top and bottom with high-
potential plateau This oroatea a distributed elaotrioal field in the
~`h~ ~Qi~*~:w~c~~
space between rth plates, bottom and lid arr?f~~ protoots the
insulators in these gaps fr�m su~faco flash-over, xn low-capacity con-
.
F
dansera the guide ins~~lator is absent, since the resilient notion of a
s~~ort high- otsntial shaft is aui'fioient to k
p e�p the plates from beoom-
ing misalignsd~
The oondensor containers are made of seamless tubing with a flange
t~~
added for fastening the Iid~ The bottom of the eont~ainer is caxefully
~r~~,.
~ welded on both sides the Lid is Fastened on w~,th tan bolts. To achieve
.
~~y a seal. w~,th the conta~rnor, the lid has a airoular slot l0 mm wade and
5 ~n deep filled w~.th ohloroprone paoking, n~o the slo the oir-
,r~` ~ it
oular end off" the oonta~,ner oes
M,a..r+,~+.wwww~s~..rrwr~w?wwrwwwr~++wsr. ~
~~i~
The oonta~_ners as Droll as the lids and high-voltage glass outlet
t
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leads were tested art hydrostatio loads up to l~0 atmoaphores~ and oven f
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i ~ ~ I j ~ m~
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022 f Fr ~ ` ~ ~ ~ ;
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6

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r,,
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jF~~~Y~
de~
~~V .
a
at t~~is no do~'ooto Wore notiood~ TA tho oon~onoor with as a
~ ~
i ~7
spooia~ ol~ut-ofd' valvo was inoortod on tk~o ocntainor ~ o lido ~ rho
a
valvo houain~ ~o eo oonotruotod that a ~nomotor p~aood in it oonatantl~r
indiaatoa tho proAOUro inoido tho Aondonaox~ Tho shank off' tho valve
e,~
y
,.r
has a hardonod bail on ito shut-o~'~ end w~~~.oh hormot~,oalxy coals under `
~aresouro the inlet pa�sage~ Tta good proportion w�re provQn by langthy r
gets of the valve at high ~ra~nnuron~
~n order to reduoo ~oating.up due to high-fr�quenoy a~~rrents, all
iron members w�r� Aleotroplated with oop~or~
FigurQ 2 shows a photograph off' the 2~9Q.. f oond�nn�r, and Fig-
~~re ~ Dhows thQ name oondonser ~ its aesemb~:od form and the 1200- f
oond�nser,
3. I~~
~~UI,TS ~r T'~~~Tg
First we tested two oond�ns�rs ,for ~bh8~:~follm~=~; 1) seal~.t~g prop-
h d~v~ae,
c~rtiQS, 2) the infl~~~enoe of tho dietributi~ on f;tash-over and
brad o ~
I~dowN ~ Yh~ Condtns~rs In~wJ~orS
3) the b�haVior of the high-
pot�ntial leads and�r pressure end under heating by high-frequenoy ~oar-
tent~
k
In addition, different p�~cking mater~.ala w@re tort@d for their b�- A
havior in oond�naers~ after testing the two condenser specimens at di-
r::
rQOt current in t1~g laboratory aid at high fr�quenc~.�s in the fa,oto~y~
we had five condensers of different ae~pacitanoes made ;`s
'.Oats, with nitrogen ar~ct Togas, of thQee f~.ve oond�nsars were ~on-
k' ducted for direct currant and high-frequeno currents at different res-
~e ~ h
stares and fro~,uenoias~
~~R
the oondensQrs were f3~.led, from ordinary oylindere~ with nitrogen
~
assad thro h ca~.o~.um chloride (for artia~, eliminat3~on of moisture
f~ p p
~A from the gas and porous glass f3~,ters~ At a pressure of 1-2 atmospher�s u
r,~
~~t~}
~r~ th� oondonsers were charged at sma~.l vo~.tages to destroy and dust re~�
"'1 ma~,n3~n on the ~.ates, ~'o f
g p ill the condensers with e~.egas, the low- r
-5-
{ ti ~r ~ ~ !
.y ~ rt i.. r ~ 3~ ~
i.3 ~g~ x!116 ~
G ,i
b a..,
w~
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
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p, proaau~?o o~o~a~ posooseod by t1~o labora~o~,~ was brou~~t to a h~~~or
prooouro 1~y a thQrmo-oA~nprossor and thon ~,ntroduood into too oondonoer~
a
f;, ~'io ~ shows the dop~ndonoo of broakdown vo~,tago (for d~reot
ourront} on preso~e for a oendeneer ~"i~~ed with nitrogen and Q1o~ao,
Spark-ovQr in olo~sas at a pre�~jre o~ only ~ k~/om ooourr�d at ~0 kv,
wbilo spark-ovor in nitro~on at tk~o Dame voltage ooourrQd wt~on th�
Oma ~
pr�as~~re was ~
~~igh-fr~~~anoy toots wQro aanduoted for aava~:engths o~ 1.300, 700,
' and 2~0 metera~ ~'igtare ~ Ahawo the oomparative rupture ourvos of ~on-
densora fi~,lod with elegao and nitrogen for 700 motero ~ As is evidont
frc+r~ the o~~rves, ele~ad ie of�arly �~jporior to nitrogen for direot our-
rout and alt�rna~~ing ourrent~ It ought to be not�d that these ourv�a
do not aoourate~y desoribe br�akdown-voltage vQrsus pressure, sines
thQ o~andens�rs repeatedly brok� down d~~ring the measurements, whioh re-
sult�d in soma damag� to th� plat�s and thus to low�r valucaa of ~ireak-
down~voltages ~ In addition we should �mphasize here that oond�nsers
wit} gaseous insulation Dan r�peatedly break down without ~�tting out
of order unlike aondensera'with solid or liquid dialeotrios in which
runt~~xe a.eade to irreparab~.o rlatnag� to the oond�neer
The high-frequenoy gets wore oonduot�d at 100 modulat~.on, ~
~.~d
the reaotivo power r�aohed ?.000 kva in th� 1200~~ ~ oondenser~
At tijis power the condensers heated up only to abort 70�C without any
forced cool~ng~ The glass o1atlet loads heated up the same amount,
Beoa~~se the glees was in a~r�latively low eleotrioal field, losses in
F the lees were not greats although the loss angle for the given type
g'
of glees 3.s 9 ~ (r~inutee~}. At present this glass Dan be replaoed with
~'i
I
othAre having smaller 1,oa� ang~.ea~
r
~UIN~Y OF R~SUI,TS
d~.x 1 ;~~.d w~ ~h ~
~a
r
~ t-~~~~f ~p�oial hi h-voltage loads
UJer~ dev~~p~+~.~ - a h ~ '~~S ~
preeavre~ us glass hem~.sph�res operating and�r oompreee~.on.r~
9
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100022-6
~
2rs;Z l~
,si
W7i w.
f
3r.~
~
r'
0.
~

r~~,~,
a a~p1o a~para~~uo that rho des- aN.
~trib~~fion o:~ olaotrioa~. ~'ivld, wo tooled inoulatora b~~u~d
f'' ~ ~ o~era~~-n~ voltage u ~o ~0 ACV �ak val~o ' ~r uon-
. P ~
oioo up to - I� ~ M C
2, ~(o ~irs~t b~~ilt o~d tootod an Qx~or~mcntal modol, and thou ~ivQ
~
~oapaoitanoe oondanQOro of ~OAi 6AA, 1,00, 2,00, and x,000
The oandononro tooted w�ro fi7~led with nitrogen up 'to 15-1~ kg/oma and
with ologao up to Q-9 kg/om2~ Th� testa �how�d that th� usQ of slogan
oan lower signifioantly tho ire�sur� in gas-filled oondensers (aom~ar�d
d i r~t~ ~
to nitrogen) or, if th� same prass~r� is kept, oan door�ase tho or
inoreaQe the oa~aaoitanoe signifioantly~
At hip~h loads (for euample, up to 2000 kva for ~ oapaoitano~?
cif 100 ~ f } ~~h~ atabi~~ized temp�rat~~re~of the oondenser r�aohod about
70oC without forood o~�oling, whoa tho surrounding air was about ~OoC~
Tho tents o~ndt~oted ahow~ ae it appears to use that olegas oan b�
used e~co],~~sively to :Fill high-voltage oondensere, ospeo~.a].ly for high-
r�aotive powers anr~ powerful high-frsc~uenoy oirouits~
In oonoluaion we w~,~hh to thank senior engine�r I. lenkrig,
:
Who oonduotad the factory tests on high frec~uenoies, and Direotor of
` the Kirov Factory Comrade I. M. $al ~ tsm~an and shop Foreman Comrade '
I~ N. Strakovskiy, who built th� oondenaer~
,;i
Submitted to editorial
~n
21 October 19~
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~A~~ended f i~~re s f olio)
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