THE ELECTROSTATIC GENERATOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100049-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 49
• Publication Date: January 25, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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50X1-HUM
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T~t~ ELECTROSTATIC ~ NE~~ATOI~ (09SI~~ by A. r ~ Io~f e
Till
P cheek Fixiki, Vol I~~ ~~0 23, ~iovf Dec 199:
Source: Charnel T�khni 0z1th oriodical
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T~ E~TRASTATIC 4E~fFRATOR
OTEi The i'ollowing is a translation a~ a Ruoaian artiole
writ en by torfo, who is a~ff~,liated with t1~4 Ler~,ngrad
Phye.~oateo~?~,o~ Inst~.tute o~ tho Aoademy of ~oionooe VS9R~ The
artiole was submitted ~ Ootober 1939 to th~o Zhurn~I T�khnioheo-
kay Fier, Vol tX, No 23 (1939), P~ 2o7I.2080~'
1. Introduotion
9uooossful high-voyage toohniquos led in 1931 to tho e~porin~nta of
Cookroft and Wolton and to tho rapid growth of nuclear physioe~ In its turn
nuoleax physios stimulated a number or attempts to obtain partioles with en-
ergi~e equal to =Quota/ million eleotron-volts Among theeo attempts the
Lawrenoe oyolotron and Van de araa~ generator were the moat significeu~t~
Dozens off' indtallatione of these two typ�s have b�en rQalized or are
being oonstruoted in all oountries~ ohief]~ in the Ug, Present-day ayplotrons
require cv�n new hundreds oi' tons of m�tal and hundreds of kilowatts of power.
The Van de q~raaf generators astound ono by their great storey buildings.
Th� oost of a oyolotron or generator ie measured in the millione~ The em- '
ployment of high-voltage generators id not ~mited~ however to nuclear phys
ioe~ Mar~r olinios are equipped with X-ray apparatuses with voltages in the
milliona~ ~ '
5
Nigh-voltag� exper~nent� require sash generators. Million-volt el~~-
Iron guns oould be utilized in many ways
Finally, one should not forget the basso roblem of
p transmission of
threat ourrent a problem ~yhiah ie beooming more and more urgent as de-
mands for long�die~tanae transmission of power beooma greater= that is~ the
further 3.nareas� of
voltagee~ a
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ouo rooont o~QOtroatatia gonoratoro gig o�ver~ milliamporao
Obvi A blo for owor purpoooa ~ quite obviouol~?~ ha`rev@r,
of ourront are not suite P ve toal~niaa~9' ~nport~t roaulta~ ~n ~Y
` futur� purpoao#~l development aan gi ~ law8tta are antirel~ paasib'~e~
opinion oleotroetatio gonoratora of 1000 a of ~l

~ ~ ur sere uo hav� boon ondoavoring to porfeot th�
In the o ouree of _ Q Y - . _
a vnerator mainly' with the aim of obtaini~3~ h~,gh~oltag� st~a~ l
�leotrootati g ' . Conataa~tly in our' wore the ~roblema of
of ohargod pax~~ioleo or X ra~r and effioianay~
power aonoontration in srna~.1 spaaoo
! ~ ~~ork is still fax from oamplote, wo oons~rdQr it useful to
Although t ~
e sinoo the allow ono to ~udgo how fox wo have progrooaed f
publish our result , tome and to illw~iaate the teohnioal aide of
in the various individual prob
the problem
S
rk we tried a great nwnber of models and dovel�
In thv oouxoa of our wry
ma variations of t1~� basso id�a, and in our �xperienaos we have r�-
opad nY Pabliaation of
aolvod very important difficulties of a praatioal nature nvesti atore~
our a orionoes will undoubtedly alari~j the work f ~r other i g {
xp
2, getting up th� Problem
not le overning th� op�ration of eaoh �leotrostatia g�nera�tor
Th� ~i p ~m�nt of a definite oharge in an eleatr~lo~. field, in
aanoists of th� mov
work �x ended in its transposition is oonvert�d into eleotri
wliiah oas� the p
oaf: works
a is reseed f rom V to V ~ Zf th� oharge Q
Tha potential oP oharg Q
a,eitanoe of the sy}tem baring the ohaxg� da-
do�s not ohan(~a~ than the oap to C tllues
oraases from an initial value Cl 2 f
~r
t siren h Z is defined as the charge that is transferred to
Tha ourren ~
the oolleotor par l seoond~
e desi ate by E the hold intensit~i du� to the charge Q; b'Y �p'"
Let u e~lectria constant of the medium in which t1~e aharga p moves;
silon ~ ,the di
l oit of the charge along the linos of force; aid by Ss the sire
by v the vs o y
oe a endic~p1.ar to the field, which ~i~e~, surfaoQ} holds t e
of
~~ie surf a , p rp
charge Tnvn we haves
~ ~ V
stator the oapaoitance C praotiaally equals
In the Van de Oraaf gen 2 Wise/ is determined
zero, therefore the highest practioa~.~,Y attainable pots
by the leakage current and the current taken offs
~ � l S d 2 m, and v ~ 20 m/sec, than we haves
When ~ 100 abs u,~.ts, ~
Z ~ milliamp
dour s aoe re aired for insulation of the collector is util-
'fhe tremen p ~ f is metal the surf ace of the
a ized vary ineffiaien~~~~ The operating spaa3 Y
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HIV �a i .~t7~4J~i P! F~1{~i~1R~~L~~l'7~~~~~5~ ~ ' ~ ~t 3 ~ . _ ~
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4
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mo~ir~g belts Therosore, even in generators nth oompreaeod gas the omar
' r~~aina negligible �w aeveraz kilowatts for a volro~e o~ loo to Zoo
Proceeding from the Tan de araat or ether older type off' generator oao
can try to eliminate those weak points
The hi~at possible fioid intensity E, Whioh the oharge density de�
terminoe~ Est be regarded as the moat i~aportant oondition~ This can be
A
attained thus i
1. By building in the generator a medium ~,th the highest possible
eleotrioal strength
k
r.
2. Syr making the vleotrioal ,field, normal to the oharge�bearing our-
faae, as homogeneous as possible= in Mhiah Dade the raoQement of the oapa�
oitanae moat at ali times v unii'o maintaining a ma~cimum Meld.
~ i
=n order to deorease the eise of the maohine, it ie desirable to make
as uniform as possible also the field along th� linos of force in which the
charge Q moves and to ensure a ooaary distribution of potential which
(i.e., distribution) dtes not permit aoovmulationa of apaoe oharges~
The eeoond important condition ie the greatest possible operating aura
face of the generator in a given apaoe This is attained only for a rigid
rotating eyetem~
Very importr~t also is to inoreaee the speed of the moving charge up
to m~ limits permitted by the strength of materiale~ This condition
requires a rotor xl th uniform rotation and a tedium with the smallest pos-
sible viscoaity~
Inoreaeing of the dieleotria oonet~r?t presupposes a fluid medium HoN- '
over, the requirements dema~aded of insulating properties and vieoosity of
this medium, it seems, makes a fluid unsuitable for large maohinee~ In ems11
models, a fluid medium (ire have found the most eatiafaotory one to be high
puri~,ed kerosene its method of purif~iaation has be�n deso~bed earlier (l )
turns out to be fiery convenient. From the standpoint of eleotrioal strength,
the compressed gases employed by us significantly rurpeeeod fluid dieleotrios~
Yn deeoribing the operating oyole of
a generator in the ooordinatee C,
9, or q, V, we note a very oloee analogy ~ th Carnot~ a oy~~e for thermal
engines (see F'igur'e and
1. At oupaoitanoe Cl or oherge ql, the system is re~aoved Pram a source
f
at potential and Without the charge varying it dir~.nishee its capad'itanoe
to the v~.ue Q~ C ,but the potential increases to V~; all during tt~,s per-
, 2
ass the product VO remains oanstant the curRe in figure 1 repree~ants the
equilateral hyperbolas
5
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2. At oonetant potential 92~ the system is joined to the aolleotor, to
~rhioh a ohsrge q1 - ie transferred thus decreasing its oapaoitanoe to the
C ~
value
` 3~ Then the system ie separated from the source a~ potential V'2~ and at
oonstent charge q~ it inarenses its capaciisnoe to the value C~~ thus deoreas-
ing its patenti~, to Vl~
~ Final ~ the stem is ~ Dined to the source at potential V and in-
~4,~, Dressing its oapaoitanoe from C~ to Cl it reoeivee from the eouxoe a charge
ql " q~'
t
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! } ~ } ~k+Y ~ ~ ~
i� i~~.lrl o j.:.
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The oyoZe is w olosed ones Aa a result o3' eaoh ~?ola a quantity oT
,laatriaity (ql w q) it tra~naferred ~rora tho aurae at Aotantial Vl to the
oollaotar at ~ high~r potential v ~ The moob~sioal xork expoadtd in thin
trana~ar is reproaented ~ the ar~a off' the reotangle ~BOD in t~gure la.
Tbo area ~D~ is tho eleotri~Cal anerpr deliv~rad 'by the aouroo at potential
vl, and tho aroa 80gF' is tbo onergy obtai~od by the oolleotox~
Thuo the enorg�y~ U2 obtained bar a highwoltage ayatem oonaiata party o~
the elaotrioal enarpr 01 supplied by tha lox�~roltago aratom~ and partl~r o~
the maohanioal ~rarkk 0~ � 01~
The ratio U2/Ol it determined ~ tho ooefTio~ent o~ trans~'ara~ation
a ~ vZ/vl, xMioh is alxaya ooneidorab~ groatar than uh~,ty~
The elaotroatatio generator ie re'eraibter ~ ono oanduotr the same
oyole olookxire~ the highwvltage rouroe eupplias energy 02 and the lair-
: onergr rourao obtains enor~y Oli aad the di~'~`ere~aoe OZ � Ul ie oanver~?od in�
to meohanioal xork~
Tho generator oan earve also ae an eleotrortatio mntor~ The ooe~'~ioiant
off' uea~"ul xork in this oaee le in the ootor ie determined only ~ triotion,
Jo an heat, and dieleotrio lose due to the periodio variation oT the bald
in oving dieleotrio motar~
I~ the minia~um oapaoitanoe equals 03 xhen removed trom the oolleotor
and the maximum oapaoitanoe equals 01 at the moment when removed Trom the lox�
volts a aouroe at volts e P then tie reateet attainable voltage !r~
6 g 1, g
~
Pm vl
The ourrent strength at this potential equalo aero, einae here OZ ~ 03
and 9 � '~2(OZ � 0~) ~ 0.
The oharge after one oyale equate: t~ ! vl(42 - 03) ~ '
if xe take the charge at potential q intermediate betxeen vl and vm,
then xe obtain the relations ~ C +
may Cx
1 VCS `
/ h'?
We designate the quantity bys
VCS V, C ~ ~o
This is the aharge found in the rotor in the section l�2. Oenaes
~0
Figure 2 depeiate the voLtampere ohare~oteristia expressed by equation
This is a straight line whose slope ~dth the x-axis equalrr
V = IC
y
r ~ Thus the o,apaaitanoe 03 detes~ninee not orl~r the maximub voltage Pa, but
also the elope of the oharaateristio xhioh (i~e~9 slapey give+e the magnitude
ti off' the oharge able to beti~aken at a given voltage 'p'~
~ � .
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~ C
N~i~l
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~ ~
t,
t ~ F t~! 11 t1 i ~ StY tip .1, ~ _
i ~ lit z-~~ n~ i~
~ ~ t N d ~ ~~~~,h4s ~jlF fa is ~ ~ _ _
a yM ~ ~
q
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k{
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3 ~ The Main Tarrpee o~ a~oratare
Tha o~ploet type o~ genorator ~ aao~etenae ie tho ay~ndrioai rotor
rotating eooent~ioa~r in another o~linder grounded to the oarth (figure
ho ~aoe where
The obarge ~roro tbo ~ox~valtage eourae ie delivered at t ~p ~
the rotor passes oloaert of all t o the oontainor~ the rotor s e~aoo ie
a dieleotrio, the oharga ~iuat be eupp3~ed along the Mire generates (i~o~ ~
the line generating the oyl~ndrioal eurfaoe); i'or ~cample, through the aor~
ono pointer The ohmage van be supplied with a bruoh at a definite part (for
eotan~le, at the end parts of the oylindory ~ To do this ~ however, one ~t
provida the rotor with eutfioient oonduotitity on the generatrioes while
maintaining good insulating quality along the oiroumferenoe~ Thin is easily
+ an the rator~ i cylinder aonduoting stripe eepara�
attained by one a apply~g
tad by insulatore~
At the place where the charge io supplied, the oapaoitanae per snit
surface of the rotor 38 a msaad~am (Cl)~ lotually, ii' the eoheme represents
in figure 1 ie to be realised, the charge starts to ~ supplied somewhat j
earlier tar a oapaaitanae Chi ~d at m~~rum oapaoitanoe Ol the supplying oi'
the charge ie completed and contact ~ th the lo~awolta;e souse oeaees.
The charge /vested on the rotors s ourfaoo ma4es ~drthor away' with fur-
ther rotation from the oontainer~ s ~?all; the oopaoitanoe deoreae,s and the
potential inoreadee~ If the rotors a radius of our~rature is very large ~
oomparieon xith i to dietanae from the o~tainer, then the oapaoitanoe dew
creases ir~vereely proportionally sad the potential increases direct propor~
tionaLly with this diatanae~
Thor the field during the entire time of the motion ie almost unirorn~
(the geld is bounded b'Y two aylindere with large, although somewha~ ditfmr-
ent, radii) and the field ante sity remains identical and equals ~ ~r~ ,
1 om~~ Coneiderab weaker ie the ~Seld aloe the
where q ie the charge per ~ e ! eld '
airaumferenoe of the cylinder, although the field ie not uniforms th i ,
ho~rover, poeseseee a given smooth distribution which ensures the eleotriaal
strength on the rotors a eurSaoe and in the intermediate medium
When the oapaaitanoe of the rotary a eurfaoe fa]~le to the value C2, the
charging is effected upon aontaot with the high�voltage eouroe (with the aid
of
brushes or points). From this moment up to such a position that the oa-
paoitanae attains the least possible value C3, when at the greatest distance
from the oantadner, the charge passes over to the aolleotor~
i
Further movement of the rotor xithout a charge is unprofitable not only a
beoauee of the lose of op�rating area but also because of the aey~mnetry intro- `
duaed by this Th� left half of the rotor moving in a maximum eleotriaal
field experiences a Evros normal to the rotors axis, which (i.e., Evros)
wYioh ie never in equilibrium th the right side.
r
Zf in the compressed gas the field intensity reaahee 300 kV/am or 1000 .1
abs units, than for ~ � 1 the 1~ft aide wi1.1 e~cperienoe a lateral pressure
p equal to p ~ ~~/aTT � 3/J.00 atm~ s
,t.
~Y Therefore it ie expedient after the charge ie taken ofd' to supper a
,~t; charge q of potential V~ ~ v ~ This charge at potential V'1 begins to asth-
draw to the corresponding lo~-voltage soaroe or tbetbe ground at the pppo~
r site end of the rotors di~uaneter near the oontainer~
P''
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' '�t T~ ~7,Ir ~ ~ ~
t t. i i~ a2 i ;tktaa
~ ~ , fasr ~ C ~ ~
1 r f 4
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~..,,,,s.~~
1?
s
1
y
ay5
L
ono aan ie~rove the operation o,~ the deaoribed generator in tae ws~e
' (figure 3ay~
l~ Diatribation of the field along tho oiroumferenae of the o~linder
between the high�valtago oolleotor and ground van be made homoge~aeoue~
instead of tho sur~aoe of tho oylind~,oal oontainer one iatroduaee a graundod
eoreen l of euoh a form that tho Meld tangent to the rotors a eurfa~ w
re~aaix? oonetant~ then txi� roeultant of the foraee normal and tangent to tho
surf aoe x111 preeerre arer tho entire expanse an identioel magnitude end irt#
olination to tho rotors a eurfaae~
Under those oanditione xe obtain the aptinum, vtilirat~,an of the genera�
tors a dieleotria ~diwn~
with the aiso of dsoreaeing the oapaaitanoe 03 without inareaeing
the oontainer~ a siee and at tbo same timo with tho eim of further improving
the fields a oonfiguratian one should introduoe in tho generator a eore~ Z
joined to the oolleotor~ The dietanoe between this rareon and oontainer aan
be Billed xith a~? insulating dieleatrio, solid or Plaid, ~ th sumo eleo~
trios/ strength. Here we have an almost homogeneous oonetant field
In this di,leotrio it ie easy toydivide tho potential with the aid of
eemioonduoting l~tere~
One van further inoreaee the poorer and attainable voltage ~ by introducing
in the rotor two more internal screens 3 and 4~
3. The internal durfaoe of the rotor van be made an operating eurfaoe
it one introduoee a grounded eoreen 3 in a corm oarresponding to screen l and
eupp~? the charge to both the external and the internal eurfaaee of the hel�
loo oyl~drioal rotor It f e simplest of dll to oonneot metal oonduating
stripe in both eurfaoee~ 4bwie~ne~r, the form of the eareen 1 meet be designed
Kith ooneiderations for the redistribution of the charge in t�e oxterr~ah and
interna.'L eidee~ '
8y ir?troduoing a evreen 4 aonn0oted by metah to ~oreon Z, ~ae create
in the space between them a sort of Faraday pail and sharply lamer the oapa�
oitanae C3 (figure 1), uhioh determines aooording to equation (l~ the attain�
able highwoltage potential
The distance between careens 3 and 4 obviously is smaller than the die-
tanae bettireen l and 2~ ~awever, if Within the hol~.ow cylinder there is r~o
rotating axis, the space 3�~ van be filled with a dielootria possessing great
` dieleatrioal strength and distribut�d potential
For th� distribution of potential between screens 3 and 1~, and also be�
tween screen 2 and the oontQ~,ner, one aan utilize not only the leakage through
a great resigtanae but else the dir�ot me;~al bond with the rotor in those
parts of it which passeee aarrespanding suitable pvtantials~ T� do this one
needs, obviously, a supplementary 8yetem of intermediate brushes or pointer
Teets on small, module and sore]./ vo~um�s led ue to the aonviation that
kerosene and C Cl~ are the most suitable media for a generator.
{
Their rupture etreng~h exoeede 200 v/am; peoifia resietanoe for a
b t to 10 � 10~ ohms and vieoosit is auf�
field of 100 kQ/om van be rough ,
fiaientl~r emala,~ Aotua~.ly, as ehcom in the next artial.e, a small model ~ om ~
in d3am~ter gave 100 kP in kerosene and suf~iai+~~t ourrent~ However, a large ~
~
generator with a two�meter rotor shows that the rupture strength of kerosene
~ ~ w
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r
~ i I ri 1 F 1�~ y 1~ ~ ~
~k P~~ i `l~.,c ~ cif, d~~ l,~k~~ ~ _
~ _ ~ ~ t~
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t
~A
r
x
`
~ y
r
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~o.~o ~v/a~f
ton in ririn~ highor ' titer
uoh rieoa doer not euaooed for g ~ f~lotion oxo�ede b~
for o nditure of enorgY
at tho ease time the expo
the uee~ p0~r~ hold or 90
r whioh at an oporotin~
re�u7.t of thin, the generato , to ~ ~1~on a ehQ~�airoui 3
Ao a qe oreated abet ~ ~11ian
rbould ~ eed h2�l~5 mi1~~ rd~tr ~d t
kV~om 1 m~,~.i~?pe~~ did not exo p rolong~ urn t ou
ourrent up to nt to 0.3 millias?~~~ zt p
roust ourxe ~ _ V ~ctd ~rrentr of ~O.~p m;,oror G
a rhor~ of ~ for voltaBor of 800 900 k
to be poeeiblo ~
~peror~ t
eleotriae� Beridoo the
urr~od to a etuc~ of gareour di ~ gar ~,th eleo�
Tl~orefaro Wo t n ~ amt a ~ porfeot~ ~
xell�~nown 0 Old snd fre0 ' om at atmorpherio preerurei
etren~h about ZQ k~/
trine/ ed for hi6h
on�d fluid genorator (not deeig~ ia~ ~
Fillini of the above~a�nti bould mire the potent
seater) one of Chore gases a loos of rotation Under Chore oob00
p~ three timer the qe ~
t ino'~ve oust ourrent wou3,d ino~aeo to
ear of that the rhort oir
ditionr ono oan rating oarrent, to 304 mioroa~eree~
miaro+u~~r ~ the ope
tr rerouro oan ~ inoreaeed to h
s,dyantage of odr Qae ie that i p see ~e gas ~ r+apture rtrengt
Tb'e � er of ~�quefaotion� In this o n, r Low proportianal~
10 atm without chug d inoroaeea aooording to p~ahe
homo enoous fief s to suoh 4alues beyond whioh onv
~ i gate reaching 1001/omj that i ~ trans, In � no~~gen�oue
with preen
� not the sold eoctraation of a eoh~ the rtren~h o~ fir'
a+~n a~ad~ ;~etren his 2~2 times grater t
field the 6ae ~ os for eleotro�
uah a modium proroieva great a~'~ er roblems of
The ~p1oyraent of s svd t besides for nth p
atatia generators of the olo ~
~�ghvoltage teohnology~ ,
~ultirotor ~nerator
insuf f ioient utiliz~?tion of th�
sanoo at figux'e 3 and 3a shows the 2 and thv oontainvr~ Here onv
A gl
~iaular the space between eoreevnat from the earths
space, ~ p the voltages themavZ9es dir ~
has to insulate
eition to muatirotor medals pooeese ~
` e defeot is elim~.nated by a Iran
Thi of rotors oan be from 2 to
Th� number
one general cont~er�
~ shows ~ f our~rotor model.
lleotor� From it to the non-
� center is /nested a highw�ltag� d~,rctlona� The surfaces of
Zn th
~,ntensity deareuses 'for ~ a s oan b� realized wlth oonduot�
t,er the the last
ntisls in the spans between the ~ raduatil~ from V2 tQ 4;
equal pots sseseing potentials dvareasir?g g s
~g la~ere po
1 ar is grounded to the soreens~ s oe) f
~ namely, the entire ~
of tbv mode. (in figux'e 3 here, th a solid dielea~~
�11.r..
f, The ruder oan be filled
n the gaps around the four rotors, of figure 3 this would lead to
exoludi g e in the model
th conducting lamina ( ectria, of charges wh~.ch eliminate
Cris wi a of the dial
r~~ the appearanoe, on the ~rfao
the f~,eld near the rotor). o� r
~3~;~ to the rotor these lamir?ae oreatu a pt
th� surfaa� b~ the gap opposi th� rotor's surfaoe by the amour
~ from the potenti~ of filling
~ tential V dif f sting the field att~nable f or a medive1
A~' such that ~q where ie
~r~ thv ap ~ d is the gap width�
g
7
Y.a~ ~
Pit
5~
5~~:
7~~'

r
~ ti
~ c r
'fir c ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ` 4
r
1 ~ 'yar
~ ~ .
i n
' ' ~ i
f ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100049-7

~,ta.._
i
I
' i
~ ~
j
i
1
thA insulation both !or tbo diolooM
p~,oy~ly~ the aonditiona govor~ng a the a a era maoh ~aore fay
trio lung the oantainer end !or tho ~diwe i g ~ so field in the gad
vorabl~ than ~ the model o! figure 3 ~ eiaoo the tranavor atia~ needs
aster than the loagitai ~,e1d, the inou7~ e
is 40naiderably ~ for the potential di!leronao Dv and not !or th
sot to bo deaig~d oar
entire applied voltage vZ~
introduaoa a r~r te~t~g ~caaibilit~r of tr~saition to a vao*
Th~,a laot
ae the in whiob the rotor rotatea~
,drat mole introduced the notion o! a taou~uma
San de Oraa! in bie eatioabxe aid waa not able to bo ~alieed
but the idra tamed out to ~ r at oae Billion volts ie still noa~
by hiss, sines the technology of thv vacuum auw~ f a~ rraltagee equal to ~O�bo
exietent~ ~ totall~? different matter it a ~ a that or~aus~ ta#'e operative.
kQ~ Mere ~e van rel~r on well developed teohnigw which means a gap
hie ease van be brought up to ~OQ~b00 kV/ova,
The field in t
When the rotor operates with aaowraay of G.1 ~
of the order 1
,e to 1~ of its valuo~ xhioh pern~te the indicate
ahou1d have a Bold e~
fields to be actually uaed~
aouum rleot~r elirainatee thm main eouroo o~f
~t the same ti~ae the v d
turbulent motion is the mediv~ e~rrowndir~
losses namo~ the friction an
the rotor.
eee �w namely, friatioa in the bearings (the gaps in
The ~mu~,ining los ) ~ Ja~.e heat, and dieleotrio 10o eee
them van play the role of a P~
epA,s,~,l valuee~ Under these oonditione the vaouut~ elea~
,van be roduaed to very a oo~imate in effioieno~r the eleotroraa~aetio maol~iaeei f
.
troetatia generator van ppr
oharaateriet~,oe of vacuum geaeratoro van be ~uclged
K~evor the setae/ a pond studied.
ter suitable models are mad
of le itself of the multirotor generator dillera eo~ae~
The operating p p llaetrated in figures 3 and 3a. to feet, in
. what fro~a the unirotor rotor i aoitanoe from 4 to 0 ~ have dur~
stead of a oontinuouely deoreaeing cap oonatar?tloapao~tanoe in 'the ooa~
~ the motion of a rotor ehoMn is ~,guro 4 a oaite the rotor grad
e~eer with gap d, bat the poteoati~l of the electrode opP ~ of tb+e rotor
d oo ~~Giar.~ 1,�o~'~r~~on already, for a potenti
~�~r ~oreaa ~,o~
~itb the high~voltage oalZeotor ie happenln6~
e to v ,its ao~aneot effected nth
t~a1 distribution bet~reen the la~nae is moat easily
The poten
the aid of large rmsistanoee~
e have ooaeidered the problem of insulation in the traneveree �eotor
W
At the ends of the rotor and at the load outlet of th� oo ioh
~�otiOn~
a ~d~: a aimilaz' ~Qtem of distr~-bated potentials
it ie aeaessar,~ t p
s realized by means of aonduoting 1~e~
i
sre the mu1t~l.rotor model in a oot~aressed eleotrica~y-
The author ocnsid the mast e~.table of all the types of eleatror
strong gas (or in $ vaouw~a) as es in the millions
stat~.c generators disoueaed here, for voltag
~statl the cathode-ray tube (NOTEs called literal Y a
xn order t
n seise one van utilise the epees between trio rotors where
"vaou~ tube in Ru ) One can also, ~rhen eeleotir~
there ie alrea~?' dieleatrio divided 'bY lam a of tubes.
'see th3e apses for one or a whole seri�
one rotor!
able w3~th a generator exceeds that eh icb
The ~'aot ie ~ the power attain
diechar a tube In feat, we think that three
r we van handle at present in a 6
4
J.
~ �8~
i
,
3..
,
{ , ~
~ , !
' `fir>~
i f ~ ~ tl
r
~.i
~ ~t
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100049-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100049-7
.
l r ' ' ]
d
5
Moro rotating xith a linear roloaity of x,00 ~/eed for a length off' l meter
oroat�a Meld in the gap equal to loo kD/o~ Th~,e given a o~rxent ogee/
to ~,0 ~llie~oporeo~ Tt is impossible to ornate such a current ~ a preeent�
day aathode�ray tube for vo3,tagee in the sdlliono~ ~?hen the voltage ie ~
million tope the power oi' euoh a generator i+d ~o kiloKatts? obviouo~~
this pier van be oupp~ed to a nam~r of tubes.
~tidieoou� Generator
ti
f ~ro~a the point of viex oi' opaoe utilisation the mm~ulltirotor generator
cannot be ad~tted as eatistaotory~ the operating eurtaae i~t on~? the curt-
aoes of the oylindere~ all the r~u~aining opaoe ie unused Zn aomparioon
xith eleatromagnetio maohinea the multirotor gonerator~ e d eteot is its
negligible epeoi~,o poxer -M aamel~r, of the order o! 6 kW/
The next stage of our xark xae, therefore j to inoreaee the operating
eurfaoe of the oy].inder~ At first xe proposed to give the cylinder a strongly
undulating isoa~taoe~ Later folla~ng the suggestions indicated by aoade~,-
oi.an ~itkeviohi xe decided on flat disks, eaorifioing defioienaiee of ineula-
' tion to the advantage of e~.ropler mlanufaaturing taol~iquee~
The multidieooue model ie shown in figure In principle it daee not
differ at all from the maltirotor model, bat the en~ltidisooua ~aodel~ a epees
ie utilimed aoneiderably better. Tnetead of one oondeneer normal to the ro-
tor~e axie~ ae in th� multirotor modelf xe have h�re num�roua oondeneere die-
peeed perpencliauLarly to the rotor~e axle, xhoee (i~e~~ o~denee~r~) fi,alde
are parallel to the axie~ The multidieooue generator ooneiete of a multi�
dieaous e~ator A xhoee disks lie betHeen the disks of rotor 8~ ~aoh of the
diekd are e~parated by a large number of oonduoting eeotore kept separate by
nonoonduoting lar~3nao~ Seater 1 oi' the stator is grounded, and eeotor 2 ie
the high-voltage ooueotor~ All the internaadiate eeotore receive from the
distributor system C intermediate potentiale~ zn plane of the e~cttsrnal die-
tribution~ the eta~or~ a disks can eerPe ae distributors, if they are oc?vered
w~,th a semi-conducting l~er~ In this ease thQ separation into eeotore ie
dropped
The rotors a eeotore rc~oeive from the lox-~a~oltage source a charge xhen
i
th~r are located xithin the eeotore l off' the etatar~ The
y ~v�~ their
charge to the aolleotor upon enter~,ng eeotore 2 of th� stator. Here occur
the tranaterenoe from the seaters and the imparting to the eeatoxe of a
charge q of opposite sign.
As for the rest, the operation of the m~tltidisoous generator ie similar
to that of the multirotor one, being ono of its existing variante~ In parr
tiaular, aoaording to the aoneiderations expressed above it ie expedient to
install several (2 to ~ltidisoous rotors in one container Frith the thole
oolleotor in the aenter~
a
For a transition to zero potential at the end parts, one can use on the
same axis of the rotor a system of disks possessing dead aotior~ xith the
step�do~rn potential of the oolleator~
,
r` ;
,
gip;; ' In the mult~.dieaous generator one Gan use ~orapreeeed gas. ~`or a vacuum,
the generator offers all the advantages of subdivided potential�
The entire enerato ;j-
g r satisfies the main requirement for a machine using
a vaouwns in no one pleas can the charge be at a potential exaegding ,~0w100
J" k'~ for a total generator voltage equal to 106 volts
fit'
t~~. � g -
N ~
ii
~'Y~ I
t
J
~ ` !
1 ~ i'~ l a 1
.r: !
~ ~
' r

I Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100049-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100049-7

i
r
tho ou~ent atreng~h attainable b~? the generator,
~ aaloulativnr o
aeaa to take into ooneideration that sash disk is ohaarged ors w
it ie ne arY
ee and that tranaferenoe or the oharge ooaure ~ tho high-volt
both onrfao
ao that a fte~ one fug reoolnt~on a eootor tranesera 2 ~ tu~it~e
age avotor~
of aharge~
o ahaar a ie applied not to the entire axes of a disk but o to
~ g
al aanduating avobbo~a~ Mhose area oanaiate of a vertain fxaation a
the met ~ ~ ot~r models o equate O.b to 0~~~, thuo the
' of the total area ordin 1~?
eta h of a (rotor multidiaoour generator ie exproeaed thue~
ourrent ~ ~ - ~
is th� number a~' disks and Ri r are the radii between which tho
whererN are inaludeda
rotor a seotore
tin the voltage ~rhioh van be : e~eoted from the ~nerator~ we
Sri oaloula B
Deed from the permd,aeible Meld along a diek~a eurfaoe brtaeen tNO auo-
oe eioe oonduoting aeote~r~
eld E~ o ua7~s~ E~ ~ v2f ~ where b ie the ratio of the width
This fi a
e free a to tho width of a aeotor at its bas�; or~narily b is larger
of th R p
than 0~~~
h a enerator with a vacuum wore euooeesf~~l~y made, than it would ,
~f euo g
both ~,n effioiencY and in speoifio paver wfth eloatromaganetic maoh-
oon~are
es ivin at the same tine a diraot current inst�ad of ~ alterrha~ ng aur�
~ ~ 6 egrm~.ttiri ono to use it ad an e1�otroetatic motor wit~~ almost the
rent and p g
eamQ pa~rer~
I
e will resent a aot~parative evaluation of generators from the pain ,
W p
of view of apeoifio pawar~
1. The Van do 4raaf gen�ratQQr at million volts and 2 r~,lliampa poste
0 000 m~ and fives ~ k~ power The speoific poorer
Bosses a vole of bout 1 ~ g
~4 kW m~~
thus is 8 10 f
2, The enerator of the type r@presented in figure gaQe in kero-
esg to 1 m~.llion volts for ourrents up to Q~l milll~pe and
s�n� voltag up
0~1 kW ~,ts volume eras about 20 m3~ Therefore the speoifie power is
p~rer,~ pith n~~ g~,e ors osn aa~~~~o o ns~~de~b~.~ greater power!
~ l~ Icy/~ ~ ~ 0�~ k~C m~
~hia~i iv~oe a ~pec~.~~~a pa~re~ g~a~tex thrn ~ ~
g
van de araaf enerator in gas oompressed up to atm possesses
3. The g
m~,1~,on volts and 2 milli ss a volume of about 200 m ~ which gives
for ~ ~ .2 ~
a epeoifio power of ~ 10 ~
tirotor enerator with the size ~ st described can give an es-
A mul 6 0 Thus the epeoifia paver
timat�d 80 kw~ rAquiring a volume equal to
is 2 kWfm3�
g~a~. ,the multidisoous four rotor generator with a volua+e of ~ , .
~
o oe several 1000 kW; that is, the specific paver is greater than ~I
10 ~ , gi
100 'l~W/
s,,
from the Dint of view of attainabl� voltaga$ and ourrents
Thus not a the eleotroetativ generators oan~ in th� oourse
but al.eo nooording to Biz ~ o t$�hnolo off. equi~aent for the traneM
of farther deoe~.op~m�nt, be mad� int ~
eeian of direotwourre~t energy and for many' other uses in eleotrioal engi~
mi
neerinE~ ~ a
~ ~
l0
+pa
r i
1
` r+~'_-"""""i it . A "'t"'~}y~ ~~r ~l~'"kFt ~y'i { ~ r~~,~,~ ,tti+,~~,a~-~ t :'T y , e a w ~ ,
t'Pt i)i~m`~I fny�~;~-M~1 Y'FF ~3F i( 7 g y ~ 1 l 1 ,1 ~ ~ rv 1 Q I
' y y~ yS'$Cu'' RFl~~ 1 ~ 1 yT 7f~~ j~X~~~i ~
I a ~t i' Y 1 t# ~ ia" ry~+rr iU~ ~ rP}~I ~ kL l ~ ! ~P ~I~.R
r~ ~'1~~p1 ~ pG ~H~f, 7 ' C h
y
~ I~~tt~�~~}lfx ~a~ ~d~ L1t~i,~'~4'G '~F '~'C~d~ Ea~3r r ~ F'
. tl r ~ ~ ~ 's~ i Il M S ~ 3 ~P~~~' CA u ~ a -
r ~~I ;i ~~�r i,Y~~(~~~~ i.n a a ~ ~~k"~i~~,~"4 ".~'~~~~~`~'.;}"~~;"!'~u~~~� v,~ { Y~~'=~~i� ~t~ ~ ~'"t.~4~~~:~~i ~`~~~'t. ~ ~ ~ ~
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