SPEEDING UP THE GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS THROUGH ELECTRIC LIGHT ILLUMINATION (USSR)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100061-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 61
• Publication Date: February 7, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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o o~ the moot urgent teAke
The rapid growing o~ trooo it on
oholtor bolt planting p~n~ One of
in marrying aut the Stal
the fanned tranof or�
sane which can be coed in opQOding up p
the m
of .rowing odedlingo under arti�
oration of nature ie the meth g
~io~l ~
soviet aoiont~.st who wao lolled during
~~E V~ p, ~1~ohev�kiy~ the
, ver inter�sting and valuable reanlto
the siege of Leningrad ~ obtained y
win o��dlinga under artificial light
~z from hie experiments ~ gro g ~
have �ho~ that
which became 1o10~n onl~r in 19~b~
~n dip experiments ~
_rown under artifio~il light
a can beg
me~ny kinds of tree seedling
nid then under
~3`; ` t th�ir growth under such light io more ra,
end the
a ex erimc~ntal plants outgrew those use aQ
natuxal light. ~i p of
the f irat year
Ve t�n and even tw�lvo times during
controls fi , ,
bloomed during their f iret y�ar
fir. Hie dog ro�ed (Rosa canine)
1ife~
~ been under
under eleotria light AftQr having
when kep ~ aontinuausly
a birch
far a ix months ~ epruo� (picee~) ,
electric light continuously
~s~ lootoumy, mountain ash (~orbus ,
honeysuckle (Loniaera xy ,F
(R stela } ~ n a it
~ ~ safely spent two wint�re in the ope
and dog rose seed/ ~
din to Ma1~ chevskiy~ s data ~
without suffering ill �ffeots~ Acaor g
trace to intensity and duration of '
of various kinds of
the reaction r~xcQ hastens
far stance, ap
illumination is not identioal~ Thus
umination but dons not react urban
its gro~vth under cont~.t~uaa.a i11
it~e ('pines) grows
000 luxes, p
~ is intensity is inorgasad beyond
i
fat night j 'i~t larch (Larix}
a idl when the light ie turned of
more r p y
.r. ~ er oontirn~ous illum~.nation with the
and birch grow mare r~?pidly un ,
r 000 luxes
the light not lass than
intensity of
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1 ~ ' .Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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A
re?1 other apooiaa to olao�
Tho roaotion o~ oak ~~orauo) aid oov@
tudiod i~ detail ~ tha MooooR
trig li~l~t hay ~j~'' bean o
T imis aov ~ ~c~ @x imo~t a ~a do under
Agricultural Aaac~amy ~rn~~{i
ov in xaoont years have ohown that
the ouparvioion of N. A. Makaim {
thAr seedlings do~initoly react to al~n ;�o
oh ino ~ and o
oak ~ bit ~ A
th o~ the day
. and to an inox@aac in the Deng
in lighting
19t~~ and 194 ~ all plat~tr wore
~ exp@rimonta oonduotQd between
' in on a wooden
Q�aontimetor diameter slay pate stand ~
1 gown in omall 1 4
he soil uood in the pate ordinary
teak under �loatri:o lampa~ T
of forth iaad, Tho plants were waters ones
s. pod~olio coil and wa � n
~ over the p~ante worn ordinary
'~N~ 2~~ haute ~ The lampo hang ~
t
ah lam illuminated an area ono m�ter
~
~ g00�watt lamps with ohadoe. ~
to 1~0 ate ~ The diotance between th�
` e~uar�~ which aooomodated up
' ed between ~0 and 7Q oonti-
to a of th� plants and the lamp bulbo vat
p
~ th� electric li~~e ~ the
metero~ ~�cause a~ inade~ato voltage
1S,:'.
tl and illuminated the plan~,a with an
i
lamps did not burn brigh Y
~0 luxeo f the plants farthest ramrnr�d
tenpit not exceocling l~~c~~�l~6
Y
1 C~00�l~l~C1 1~uxes~
tom the center of light rao�ivsd only ~
~F~ ~
~I i
E at the surface of the soil in the pots was
f Air tempnra~vxo
held b�~woon 6~ and 7~ per"
20-~2 d�gr�es ~alRt ve ~ntimidity was
d ~ ~1ovQmber or ~�comber and shoots
/ante
~~'r c�nt~ ~esds w�re u~all,y p
F ,
fir; As aeon es the seeds had
r eared after the middle of Dacem er
'�s~ app After menthe,
~k~,
~!lir, .
d the lento we1~Q placed under ligh o~
spraate , p
nted in the open outside the building
( ~1
the se�dlings ward transpla
to Ehrh~) , nrhich is the primary
Or~1~.nary oak ~~uerm~s pedunoul~
s' belt creation works vvs?s espeoiala.y
acieg to be used in shelte
sp
eu lerner~tary illumin81tion~
r�sponsive to pp
that when grown from seed,
It is a matter of common knowledge ~
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3 '

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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� more alor~ly than moat dooiduo~~a and ooni� '
~w oak grow very slowly
o ioo � during the drat lG ycara of ih~a~
Sara a p o
iono oak ooodli~a otop gr~ ~ height
Vndor natural aondit ~
abo~~t a month after opxouting and bogie doaumulating ~pP~iQ�o .
Gxonth in thA die~matar of tbo atom aooompanioa thin
plaatio mattor~
F
o oas~ ~'lith the advent of oold Noathor, the plants
aooumulation pr o
r
and enter a period o� teat, rrhiah oontiauQa until
awed their 1�av�o
ut
~t. the following sprin~~
rn was oboervad when s�edlinga wore kept under
A dif f eront patt�
~ r
~~~r~
l illum~atior~~ fled@s~ thos� oiro~tmetaaoea, the
oontirn~ooo �leot~'ioa
~~r. .
riodo of inteneiv0
lif� of the �aedl~ga oonaistod of altornatf~g po
r~;
in hei ht sooor~penied by formation of non loaf ~ooett�o end
growth g
~r
iods of oom arative re�t, during which the leaves did not fall
per p
~i�~
1
~r~ the rent periodsi brownish dormant noduleo formed at the op
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b e xovrth period
of the plants ~ doh root period nee f ol~,ow�d y P t
~r;
~a
r
~~,z ~ and growth by rest through~t the time Chet seedlings ~rer� expose
i ~
r w ~ ontirn~o~te illumit~tion~ The graw'th periods wore wally 7.10
to a
~r,,
lon the rest periods conoiderably longer, l0MJ~0 days Thus,
days g,
r~
rowth and rest varied in ~.�ngth bettyeen l7 and
a complete cycle of g
qV,
~ 5d ddy9~
f ` A
r~ of each owth period, the leaves quickly in
U on oompletion
p
.
�a~ed in size and took on normal Ahapg~ Their epidermis beoame
~ or
~ ~ color Eaoh nee leaf ro�ette differed little
rmtgh and light green
tt�s form�d in suooeosive years when seedlings are grovrn
from the rose
~r~Y~
~,n rit1r98rie~~
d atnd in 191,1r~19~i,5, seedlings had developed
� ~ experiments con u
f~
y ttas aortae ending to from 7 to 9 gr~h periods)
from 7 to 9 leaf rose C p
r ~ t9r l0 months of aontirnic~us illuminstion~ The growth periods were
of
of vat in duration The plants, at the end
" separated by teat per3,ode Y g
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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Y den lp~ and lb0 oantimet@ra ~
o~ 10 montho ~ had groan to b�tw f
d rows oantimetoro ~ hoight raring
heights i~ o. ~ they g
caoh growth poriod~
nto aoodlingd had developed up to six
In 19~~�19~6 oxporime ,
of oontimt~o illumi~tlon~ Thoy
loaf roaottoa oftor six montho
rovitth p�riod~ or ae tall ao 70
had grown 10�1~ aQntimotera por g
` e~x months ~ ExpQr imanta mado in 1917
o@ntimetorn At tho Qnd of
ro~lte ~ In 19~r9 oxporimenta, aoedlingo ;
[ and 19~~ ~plioatod thew
~~r~ oaottoa ~rovm to a height of 72 oontimo era ~
had developed fivo loaf r ~
had more than 90 leaves
and
to an outdoor
rl s ring ~ the aeedling� wore traneplan
In oa y p
laoe the building waa aired
~ �trQna lancing took p ,
looation~ ~efor p
t
ante booam� aoauetomed to fresh airy Trans-
the l
f req~~ently ao that p
sP to the roots oft e
tin was u~,~ally acoomplish�d without injury
plan ~
the s�odlinga with ba11a o
/ants b~ inverting the pote~ planting
p
and watering the plants after planting
earth around choir roots
th� first y�ar of for transplanting ~ New
The plants greor little
x,
~~u a to and some old leaves sometimes fell
eared only at th p
leova s app
th�ix~ st�ms
the eeedlingg we~'@ well acolimatized~ ~
,
of f ~ nut by fall ~
ned a deepor greens and their
had become think�r, their bark had cur
,r~
one down 0.5-0,6 meter into the eaxth?
roots had g
~ ' . ~?erq with temperatur�e as low ae ~d
The plants stood three
~ hen three waa little
i ~ well even w
a tees balaw zero exceptionolly ~
dg
fiF
a frost damage to their branch�s, not
snow oover~ Th�re waa littl
~,he f earth year ~ there
more than to those of the aon~~rol plants ~ y
etween the experimental plants and
was no cliff Drente in appearance b
r~~
ordinary plants
ize and shape of experimental .
Leafing time i,n spring and leaf s
~ A tau of 60 seedlings transplanted
plants were entirely normal g p
ix months' illumination had developed
in the spring of 194 afters stem
lbo centimetore f diameter of
a e f allows by 149 s ~rei~~, up
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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~u~t above roa~to ~ up to a5 millimvtara; ~mbor of ~oaveo p�r plant
a00 and morQ; average length o~ loavea~ ~0 minim@tara; average
width of loaveo ~ ~0 miuimatere ~ Thoeo pinta did nod diffAr ~
k
external npp�r~ranao from b-~ 9o~r old oaks growing on podaolio
z
soil in ~IOSOOw Oblaet~
rx~
whQn oecdlinga are hold under vlootrio light culture for longer
periodo of tim�, th�ir development ie even greater ~ ~'or example ~
after 10 menthe of light culture and fair years in the open, oak
E::
ee�dlinge attained a height of a30w~60 aentimeters. Diameter of
t �roote varied between 20 and 4~ milli-
t. their stem�, dust above h ~
4~~.,
motets, leaves numbered X00-~00, leaf length averaged 1~0 milli
�'.1 5
G= 60 millimetere~ In external appear-
5 meters, and 1�af td~~h~`1averaged
-
anoe, th�ro was hardly any Jifferenoe betNeen theoe plants and 10
j e
l2 year old plants grown in the usual way. +
ltt addition to ask seedlings, pine, birch, lsroh, and other kinds
of eeodlin r~ were grown under oontinttaL~a illumination. All autstrippQd
g
i Lion
their count�rparta growing ender natural aonditione of ilium na
Planted in Ma the had reached the following heights by Au~LSt
F Y, y
(h�i hts o� oontrole in parentheaia)i pine, ?centimeters (1~.~ om);
g
birch oentimetere (2l om). '
lc~roh, l2 centimeters (5.3 om); ~ ~
Still better development was attained when seedlings were grown
Vii:
f, under eleotr~.o lights in the wintertime. By April of the following
year, laxoh had reached a height of ~3 centimeters (control, ~.3 om);
birch, l0~ oentimot�rs (2l em); ash (Fraxixtus), 1~, centimeters (21~ om};
4f~
iris 12 centimeters (4.5 om)
dog rose, !~0 centimeters (7 om}; p ~
Besides greater height, the experimental plants had better branch
~T
develo went and more leaves. Pine ar~d larch needles were longer and
p
thicker in diamet�r. Falling of leaves and needles was n�gligiblo.
~ ~ the light culture method can be practically utilized by planting .
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100061-3
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e~ ~
~ ~
~x~ atrati~ioation ~~k, l~roh~ p~1e~
trop aeoaa vr14~u~ do not rQ~~
{ tho have boon aol~eotQd in the ~all~
birohi ma~alea immadiatoly actor Y
0ta whoa ~p~outo appear ~
ntAd in ama11 boxoe or o~y ~ ~
They are p1a
rao to hothauao� or groonha~~e0a~
4= thoy arc tranetorred ~ro~ the nu ry
rin the days olootxio light during tho

' ~ ThQy reoQivo na~iral light chi g
A
r
to vo proved that night illumination can
night. Reoont eXperimon
r
�tore o lA0� or oven 60�watt bulb giv ~
s woak~
bo oomparativoly ter ~
' e for on� ec~aro mot�r o~ illum~ated arcs
jVi
off 300.604 luxes ie add
`~:S de tolerating 'Ondor natus~al oonditiond~
l~+bet tree seedlings axe aha
k~ rently,
. a under othor tr�oa or under buahee~ pPa
Choy grow in shady placo
to arti~ioial light culture Choy ratan
whoa seedlings are aub~�ot�d
tle di�feronoe
f cr shad�~ Thar�~ore ~ theio was lit ~
th�ir tolaranoe
~{oooived 1 ~ 500 luxes and
a d@velopmant of oak seedlings whioh
y� t~ Vi~+~S UndBT t~l~
received 70~1�~00 luxes ~ While their gro
; the ee whioh ~
k'
mowhat lase than under 1,00 lux�s, t e
�luenae of X00 luxes was ao
4 2. lead rosettes each with t~�6 leav�~~
f
seedlings dev�loped 3 '
r /
~ inl d~.ring ~ da littl�
takes lace ma y
- ~lant photosyntheaia p d~~
is noted during the l0�12~nighttime haura~
additional development ~ ~
f . light
'S rowin in a nursery have oonaiderably
Although pl,anta g g in the
those under elQO~~ric light culture dur g
during tho yammer than
the dacieiv� factor is
row more slovrly~ Conae~uantly,
want�r, they g
duration of illumination. Oak seedlings
~ta~ not ao much intensity as
l 12 hours instead of 2l~ developed on on�
r
arti~ioially lighted on
red a r�et period wh~,eh leafed mare t n
lead roaett� and then en
1~
sin ~b~eoted to 2~,whaur illumination, �y
six months ~ But when a g
iokl began to form new lead roaettos
qu
a and of October or begging of r
, l~ aooxne arc planted at th
1 are illumted
ill a out ~ Dec emb or ~ rf they
November, they w 1~'
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h ~ ~ ~S
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~ fr. 1 ~,~.y,i~iyi tS~ l~ ~ If~aS.~' t{}~JFr~r'1 F. k~a}~ ~
E ~ t t~ ! ~,i_{ fig'. j~ n ~ 'i ~
p. )
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