HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTROSTATIC GENERATORS FILLED WITH KEROSENE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100069-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 69
• Publication Date: February 9, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100069-5
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OSTATIC~ aENERATO~S FZLL~D 'NITI~ KEROSF~NE
Tide: ~~H�VOLTAa~ ~L~CTR
o~kovekt n ~ t~okhb erg, ~ ~ F ~ Iof f o ar~d 1
by S. A. ~ Y,
N. M. ~,aynov (t~~S~i~
V~
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cQS Zhurna~. Talchr~,cho~ko ~~,z~k~ Vol ~ No 23, 193, 1 ~ ~
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~1 =O~~e~ A~ i~1 Reynovi
Motet The ~o~3~owing ie a trar~latian o~ a ~uevian artio~,e appearing in
Zhur Tekhniahe�koy Fimiki Yol~ IX, No. 23 X1939), pages 2090-3~ It was
written by 3 ~ A. 8obkovelrl~, ~i~ tiokhberg~ A~ F~ Iof~e, and N. M~ Ro~ov, wba
are a~~iliated with the Leningrad Ph~rtiooteohnioal Institute, Aoade~r oP doienoes
_ _ V39R~ The artiole was submitted I~ sat ~ 39;~~
Z ~ {~eneraZ Desoription of the aener8tor~
Tho eleotrostatio generator of high do voltages was oonstruoted aooording
to a air~gle-rotor model deaoribed in previous articles,
In an iron container 1 {Figure l) 4 meters high and 2~~ ~aeters in diameter
was installed a rotor 2 oP height 1.2 meter and diameter 2 asete~s~
K
The rotor was built up from ebonite plates held fast between wood bolts
whioh had been oarei'u1 socked in sulfur ~ n the a ots i h ~
~ ~ ly y I 1 o t e rotor s
generating au~taoe were inserted flat aluminum tubes Cwith strongly rounded
edges whioh transported the charges during rotation of the rotor: the rotors s
cylinder rotated on the ebonite aha~t 3 whose lower end rested on a pivot held
firmly in the base o~ the oontainer~ The upper end o~ the shalt passed ths~ough
the cover o~ the container and rotated in a bearing set in a apeaial aupport~
i< This same support held a countershaFt, by whioh tho rotor was belt driven From
a low-speed electric do motor possessing power up to 20 kilowatts.
1 ~ The rotors s cylinder was assured fast to the ehaSt in euoh a position that
with respect to height its center line was somewhat lower than the middle o~
the o?sntainer~ The rotors shat was displaced relative ~o~~the oontainer~s~~axis
in euoh a manner that the lateral surface oP the rotor on one side approached
the wall a~ the container within about l0 cm, and on ~?he other bide was about
60 om away
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t
;y }
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coat to the rotor, was oat a moveable
~ the container wally in a plane olo one of tho oondenaer~a faoeo
sore�rt a (nee ~'iguxe l)r which aorved ~ ~ the oondenoer berg
~ grounded
or fans (Ham�ly~ the aluminum tube in tht so~or a
the nth
oharged from a low.voltage aouroo~
further
suoh a way that its edge gradually reoeded -
he ooreon was ouu~vod in Fi re 1)~ The rains
T
' r from the lateral aurfaoe of the rotor gel ~ varied within the
. and f'urthe
e between the rotors a lateral surf aoe and a oreehQd ~ insulated brush
mom dietano
to 2 amp upon the grounded aoreen was attao ~ when the
~ limits from 1 to the rotor ~ o plates (at voltage l) ~ e
whioh the oharge was fed from the eoreen~ The priaa~ voltag
fates were lacated at a iainimum dietanae nits insulator maintained at a
p nto the container through an ebo
v1 waa led i r
voltage up to 120 kr� `X
~ he containers where the lateral surface of t e n
On the opposite Bide oft finer walla a seoond "high voltage
for was the farthest removed fro~? the conta ed u 'charges from the }
ro
`y~ b whioh was oonneoted to a brush that pink ~ atin ebonite oases
aoreen ,
fates of the rotor, waa attaohed to an ins g
approaohing p
led with pure ke osene possessing very high
The entire container was fil ~ 0~ Ohm-om for fields equal to
resistance of the order of 101 to 1 ties of kerosene
eleotriaal
Note: Zhe method of puritioation and the pr0phber in Zhurnal
100 kv f om ~ ( rticle M. v� alikina and 8 ~ M ~ aok g,
were described in an a ~ ~ The omall viscosity and high
hesko Fi~iki, Vol. Ix, page ~30~ 1~~q)
Tekhnic Y eedin 200-220 kv/om) ~ it seemed justified
eleotrioal strength of kerosene (exo g
However the favorable results obtained in
~ e use as the insulating medium s yu~fortunately not repeated in
it
investigations with kerosene in small models wehaniaal losses turned out to be
The mea
the transition to the large generator was uite insuffioient; this, as will be
too large, and the electrioal strength 9t of removing small quantities of
shown below was aonneoted with the diPfio y n all 19 to 20 tons of kerosene
~ oaf admixtures from the entire apparatus ~ ~ ~
physi
r
ware required to fill the container
i
h-voltage sateen was fastened a platform
In the upper p~"t of the hig r on this platform were in�t4lled a
which projected somewhat over the roto 1 _ a wide ebonite tube 5, whose other end
~ storage battery, rheostat, and one end of
R of the container The tube was about 2 meters +
passed outside thro~sgh the wall come in contact with the kerosene in the
long and its internal cavity did not ut re lacernents of the cathade~ray tube
{ one to carry o p to
contain�r? This permitted
he tube and reeiatanae are pushed into the ebo
or high~voltag� resistance (t
er with kerosene Note Russian editor s~ The g
tube when filling the oontain a inserted into the ebonite tub�,~~ t
~ or hi -voltage resistance war
e cathode-say tube ~
- tube was pushed ins the heater the incandesoen hi h-
When the cathode ray u to the storage battery installed near the g
cathode filament) was hooked p filament was regul~.ted by a rheostat con-
voltage soreen~ Tha heating of the
rod ro action f rommthe contain�r through the coverer
trolled by a long ebonite P ~ amenta were located in a special cas
The storage batteries for heating the fil h-voltage aoreen; the batteries
Hearted in a slot on the platform near the h g ao could be rep~.aced during
i The battery case al
,;5 were connected to the heaters~ith kerosene
c. ~ th� filling of the container w
aathode�ray tube or resistance the internal
After the installation of the osene
cavity of the tube was filled with ker
e Resistance and Cathode-Rsy Tube
High Voltag
~ ~ the enerator by graduated high-
. . ,h . we m@asuxed the voltage developed by g
ef~.eotion 3,n a magnetic fields of an eleotron
voltage resistances and by the d ear, tubes .
. : b�~ dung operations with the aathod ay
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A ea ~ At ~irat we utilieed
aei We aced two ty~0e o~ roeietana b1e oonduation~ The
~a) ~eietan alkali glace p0eevosing oonoidera
e of �peoial en tip of the tube on indi~dual
a tube mad l~ meters Along the emir�l 6
~ e length was ~ aeuremente o~ the tube reoietan0e o
s tube that i. up t
one at its we aonduoted preliaina~ mie� of l~ to 20 k~/o~j ,
porn a field gradients up to intenait ~~ents on the generator Thia
for variou ~seaou
de ~thiot~ ire oould expeot during _ n@ Wider the eamo aondition0 that
those Biel bratior~ wao done in ~ur� ker4ee ~
prelimiaarY oali din the gonerator~
the reoistanoos onoaunter� ~ t roliablo
c ~ alkali gla�s were not aomple ~ ietanoeot
kowever the resietanae0 made o fore we eKitohod to "India�i~~k res
.nd re aired frequent oontrole ~ there
a q
from stripe of Watm~~1' � paper dippe ee
. nk~ reeistanoee were made
India i er o~ shollao~ The shellao Pr��@~
k and then ooverod with a thin. l~Y t~~re the air and also ~r~a~
India in both from the influenoe o! moii
esi�tancee nneoted resistance� were waand in a
the r (Notes Tn this ~

' cation of the keno�enel ten cerise o0
the Op ~ long and 110 in diemeter~ he r�si�tanae was
e r:11 on a glae� tube l~ aulating glace and thus t
~ tube made o~ good ~ n~ ~ndia�ink" reeietanae
awe we used a o ~ the magnitude of the l
determined actually n1Y 110 reaigtanoee
e calibrated up to 1001, ~d a remained
Each of tt~e reeie~tanoee wer to 104 kP each reeietano
p In the limit up
e selected identioa113?~ ee that operated dependi~b~ up to
wer
natant and thus we obtained resi� ano
co ~
of�ntial dif
rerenaee o~ 1000 ko~ vioh and
p developed by L~ l~ prteirso
athode-ray tube The tube design reliminary tests ~ The oon~
fib) C was selected after a number of p design require-
4~ ~ta~ Shohepkin ion resented the following
bone governing the tube i � operat P ~
di
ts: ive small lengtb oP the tube it w n
men
1, In aonn�ction with the relat aax,e~1 homogeneous dietributio ~
necessary to ensure an especially
in the tube
of potential
the vacuum-sealing paste (namely,
2. It was necessary to preserve
m the corrosive cation of the kerosen�~
pioein) fro
er l0'b ~/~6 was to be obtained
A high vacuum of the ord
3
of the electron beam was required
4~ focussing a of electrons
be had to have a device for the escap
f. ~ ~ Finally ~ the to
~ into the atmosphere.
bei A glass tube l~ length 100 cm
2 re resents schematically' the to
r re p or base of the tubes the glass
geter ll0 mm, served ~ the main the lass tube were cylinders made
and diem
is from 2 to ~ mm thick Within a ends of the sections were rouade
having wal Th
~ coons 2~ composed of red copper+ er� held fast by means of adjusting t
up of sa were slipped on a se~tionf which w ese collars removed the possibi].i Y
- Collars 3 at the same time th attachments of the
screws to the glees tube; f the @~lass tube: the capping Ce of the
of spark-over along the wall o
with piaein~ On the load-bearing surded edges
.....z...~. . :.b� , ~.S,~J,~~,t~ing screws were sealed a installed metal rugs 9 with ve a hom~o-
tube opposite the collars 3 wer dusting screws In o~�r to ha he "India-
. ich i ~ e ~ rings) enclosed the a ~ een the sections in the tubes t .
wh ~ button of potential betty
ous dietri s were wound in a spiral on the s
germ ices 8 connected with the ring 9 bans ~ The tots. resistance
ink resietac
he whole tube was divided into ten s eo
outs ids ~ T ~ 0 ohms
ube amounted to about ~ 101
in the t
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100069-5

r
e,
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The oathode wao counted on a ooppor li ~ �with reserve lilam~t�
~ the sea tube Tha oathode was detaohabl ~ mode .ante was
the end o ~ e , The disposition oF' individual o p
and w loawein6 elootrad 5
obtain good loousoing o~ the eleotron beam
eoleoted 00 as to which
o~ po er tube 100 aaa in diar~ter and ~ ~ ongf end
Th� anode was made ~e end to the glees tube and had at the other
(i ~ e ~ tube } was oonne oted at on foil ~0 mic rono think ~ The outlet to
a gridliko window ocvered with elum~~
far from tho place where el eotron beam issued
the vaouum pump was not
er
tube warn sealed with pioein and thed with a 1~y
` A11 oonneotione in the
of the ieein #'ro~a the oorroeive koroeene~
o~ shellac in order to prote p
' se o~ ayudliary
ooated on the anode tube �or tho purpo
~ocuseing coil wao 1
oonoentr~tian of the electron beam.
to or the voltage Develop�d by the Oenerato~
a 3, Meaauremen
the enerator were oar-
' t measurements of the voltage developed by g
The dire 1 ourrent strength under oonditiono
ried out at large reaistancee for a very smsl t e u on the prime'
idlin ~ The dependenoe o~ the eeoondary vol ag p o r~ s later and ~
close to ~ in Figure 3~ For a Teem gap between the rot p 0 kv ~
voltage is eho voltage was suoaeeell~lly raised to ~ _
the grounded soreen~ the pri ry
volts a (determined with the aid of the reaistanoe n.
this case the secondary g
v ~ Observations through a small aperture in the oo a e
{ reached as high as 1604 k her es in the kerosene around the high-golt i
t tainer showed that there were disc g
oe in the kerosene reached 1t0 to !t~ om, but in
electrode; the disruptive distan oan be noted that when the apparatus was
individual cases it was ~4 cm. It ~
kerosene the �ield intensity neap' the grounded eoreenon
First filled with pure ove�indioated ~0 kV/cm (up to 80 kV/cm}; later ~
exoeeded considerably the ab its re laoement were success�ul in giving
hawevar~ nsithar pure kerosene nor p
th�s� high vahaes again.
eared
o eration o� the generator, a number o� defeats ape and
Ater prolonged p Considerable lowering off' the secondary voltag
which in the end led to e
} �sired resulta~ The main defeats were ae �ollowt
failed to give the d
~ exceeding
� rotor began to show a noticeable sag (
,u. 1. The ebonite �ha#'t o
s cndin ly varied the gap between the operating
6 ~n) f which aorre p d the rounded screen (total gap was always
t
surface o� the rotor an g
the rimary voltage to be raised to the
l0 rnm) and did not permit p
anned~
magnitude pl
~ o eration unavoidable impurities, drawn in by
Dur~g the generator a p ,
in the gap between the grounded screen and the
the electrical field
tad considerable nonhomogenieitiee in the Field or
rotor ~ s plates, tree
even formed bridges, which led to rupture.
eration o� the generator, did not
~ These circumatanCeg ~ of for prolonged op above 25 to 30 kV f am, thus low-
Field intensity
allow one to raise the primary ensit aohieved in the First tests ~ oorrespondM
Bring almost by two times the int y to 800 to 900 kv~
voltages were succes�~lly' raised only
ingly the secondary
j{~
~~trainin " of the catb~ode-ray tube, an electron
For comparatively small g
a e a� the oz~der o~~~04 kV, which the generator
~ ~ beam was prodtaced with a volt B
a developed at this time.
ed of the electrons ~ which were carried out by
' Measurements o� the spa n in a magnetic Field, actually showed a voltage
observations o� their de�],eotio
a� 7 ~0 to 804 kv in the tube
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100069-5

A
f
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1
r ~ in the air quickly aoatt�rod, torming ~ -
Th@ olootron beo~a g go whioh phone with a bluioh lights The ~luor�
olongatod oorona at the apertur , ~ ~e lumineaoont oorona, with an entoneo
cooing oorean ohone~ within th� limito o t d i ht. Tha length o~ tho
l~.gh~ whioh woo c1~o+~ly ~oibie in tho brigh ~ g - tho ~ r~otioal"
oorona meaeurod with the aid a~' th� ~luareooing eoreea~ gaup ~ ~ a vo~.taga
~ tho free- ath lMgth o~ tho elootrono in th� atmooph�ro~ F o~
valu�o ~ to 800 kV the oorona o length wao 200 mats Th� otrength
in tie tubo of ? ~
t
the elootron ourrei~t wao 20 to ~0 mi~ro�a~nparoa
4
a eri~ento wore oon~
~ an elaotron boam of givon opeed sad intenoity~ xp
With
h howovor cannot bo deaaribod in tho oont~eo 0~~~~3e artiolet
duoted, whip
k L. A. prtei~aovioh a~ d. Yap 9hohapkin,
We take this opportunity to than tube and took part in tho tenting
who deoign�d ~d~ oonetruoted tt~e oath e�r~r
~ rator with the tube] we also thank laboratory ~oioto A. V. ~
o~ the gene
N. Voronin who played a large part in all etagea o~ the wor
Filippov and A
ote i No bibliography
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