DETERMINATION OF THE LOWER PERMAFROST BOUNDARY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100072-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 72
• Publication Date: February 1, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1

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AET~~~INATI'~N 0~' ~'h~ i~t~WER ~~A~IAk'R09T BAUN A~
V. Kudryavtsev r
There have been many searohes for minerals in permafrost areas in the
d
~ last decade These ex;~lorations usually invol~?e the drilling of shafts
j t
whase depths considerably excv�d the permafrost s thickness ~ The sha#'ts ~ 1~'.
could have been used to study the permafrast la~rerl a�pecially the depth of
t t
a
the lower boundary; unfortunately however, the organizations producing the
drilling pursued a narrow production goals namely exploration for minerals;
~ geological documentation of the walla is therefore limited while data
on permafrost is completely absent in these pro~eote. 'his untoward eit-
F
uatian is due in part to the unwillingness of these organiza~,ions to eon-
4
tern themselves with pecaiafr+~etidncumentation, but mainly to the lack of
~t~ trained personnel and proper equi;~ment~ But even when permafrost obs�rv-
ata'~ee in the shafts are possible serious obstacles are encounters
d whirh
make documentation of permafrost difficult
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Deep sha~ts, mechanically drilled, are flushed with a~salty
1'
solution. The long flushing not only,distarts natural temperature conditions
in the shafts, but also melts the froze` ground end creates a thaw ring
around the shaft Therefore, the proved a for permafrost documentation
requires that such shafts be left until natural temperature conditions of
the permafrost arcs restored ~ Ordinarily, this takes l to 2 months ar some- '
times even longer
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t{Il ~ ~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1
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e raduation organi~s?tions usually cannot moot such requiromenta an
Th P
t the chaste ~ to remain at the di�position of the permafrost
oanr~ot perms
therefore to
eoientiste ~'or long periods of time. Wo doom it nQOaeaery~ s
or determining the lower perma~roet boundary which re~uirea
propose a method f
` several hours in all and which can be used during the drilling prooeoe
only`
�oial interr~~ption in the work. The main points of tide method
without ap ,
s
are sat forth in this artiole~
p. Solov~yeV~ a aoientist at the permafrost
In Yakutsk in 193 19~~,
' seal/ drilled ehaft~ These
stations measured the temperature in a hydraul y ~
ure curvQS (Figure 1) showing the
measurements gave a sexier of t�mperat
ual restoration of normal temperature conditions in the shaft dur ng
grad
' i ~
lowin fiend of drilling
the year fol g~
rues obtained is extremely interesting and leads to the
The set of cu
~ onolusions: 1) the temperature throughout the shaft was positive
following o
. e. above 0�C) when drilling ended; 2) heating of the shaft is a max
(i
the curves
u er art and gradually decreases with depth; and 3 )
in the pp p
a a o~.nt of inflexions at a depth coinciding with
have a temperature minimum] p
the actual lower pes~marfroet ~oundary~
ained from the hydraulically-drilled shaft ,rrre ~
Si~ilar curves were obt
s
~ utsk and also in a number of shafts at Vorkuta and other point
at Yak ~
idence of the point of inflexion with the lower permafrost boundary
The coins
i
ova ev to assume a general lava governing this phenomer?on~ Ne
prompted Sol y
on the basis of field observations without
advanced this hypothesis only
�m t at theoret~.cal explanations Later' however his assumption was
any att p
nfirmed and as we shall see proved to be easily explained in theory
co
ds the temperature throughout a shaft will be approxM
Until drilling ~ , i
~ ual to the temperature of the solution The thawr~ing around the
imately eq
~ form of a truncated cone with the base turned upwards ~

. shaft will be of the
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1
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w@d area io a maximum at the top and gradually
i ~ a ~ the radius of the tha
downwards ~,gur~~ 2) ~ Th@ thaw ring will be o~ this i'orm beaaua�
daordasee 4
rood of than
er art of tho oha~'t is ~.uehed far a longer pe
the upp p
the lower part
rdanoe with tho goners/ theory of heat oonduotivity~ all other
~n aoco
f heat seeing throe unit arose-eeotion
oonditione being equal, the amount o p 4
1 be direotl~? proportional to the tes~perature gradient
wit
r
oase the �e�d of restoration of natural temperature oonditione
In our , p
rect ro ortional to the temperature gradient
in the shaft will be di ly p p
the shaft wall which will be the ratio of the temperat~~re
existing right at ,
~ ~ the thaw rirg~ .
t in the shaft tQ the r~c~~.. s 4
p
oe t immcdiately ai'ter drilling ends is equal throughout the aha
gin p
the radius of the thaw ring ie a maximum at the top +and gradual
whilA
F
~k I h de th to the lower boundary of the permafrost stratum then
decreases w t p
f restoration of natural temperature conditions will naturally
4 the speed o
maximum at the lower permafrost boundary and gradually decrease upw+~' s~
be a
s eed cif r~?storation of natural temperature conditions will be a
The p
~ shaft Thus within a certain time after drill-
F; minimum at the top of the
he tam erature distribution with re~peet to depth in the shaft
in ends t p
g ,
E
reseed a eloping straight line with a smooth temperature decrease
is exp by
g undaxies
~ from the upper to the lower permafrost bo
stratum underlying the permafrost the temperature gra-
m the thawed
e ual to the difference between the temperature of the sol-
disnt will be q
of the thawed ground divided by the radius
ution and the natural temperature
aced area Since the natural temperature inargases downwards from
of the he
f
ex bnunda of the permafrost because of the normal temperature
the law rY
he tam stature gradient at the shaft wall in a direction normal
gradient, t p ~
r. ; r~~e
1 be maximum at the lower oundary and gradually ~
to the shaft ax~.e wil ~
decrease downwards

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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1
~t~.
~ ~
~ ~
4
t.
t
i,,
-
n
it
� natural temperature oonditione
Thu�, the speed of restoration o~
l do-
t the ioxer Ao~~'raet bsu~cdary~ and gradu~-Y
w~l al e o be a maxirm~m a
~ this within a aortain time after drilling
crease dawnwarde ~ ~eoaueo o ~
n of tem erature in tho eha~'t below tie taxer pe~a�
ends, the distributio P
e th will Qorrespond to a eloping �traight
Arcot boundary with respect to d p
~ rature inorea0e from the lower permafrost boua~ arY
line with a smooth tempo
within a certain time after dr~.lling ends, an
downwards ~ Cone equently,
a curve at the lower permafrost
flexion should be obt?sined in the temperatur
is
exaot as is actually obtained (Figure 1
boundary, lY
show that exaot coinoidence of this
The preceding coneidere~tiond
ie a complet�ly reg� +
on in shafts with the lower permafrost boon cry
inflexi ~
innnediately
ear moat prominently
r,
ular phenomenon, explaina~~le~ and shoo/ app
natural temperature conditions Dave not yet een
after drilling ends, when
reatored~
ton er neoessary to wait until natural tempera ore
Thus, it i8 no g
ored in the shaft in order to determine the
lets/ rest II
~ conditions are comp y
} ost boundary It is sufficient to conduot tem-
r do th of tl~e lower permaf r
p ends in
shaft eegeral hours after drilling
perature measurements in the
urve with an infle~don which will accurately
order to obtain a temperature a ~
over ermaf cost boundsry
show the depth of the l P
can be
stirs to note that the lower permafrost boundary
It is inters 6
ieh the frozen area has thawed completely,
determined in a shaft around wh
es are observed throughout the entire dept~?~
and in which positive temperatur
~ for determination of the lower permafrost boon cry
The method oited
k. eut since there are no absolutely dry`
is applicable mainly to ioy roc
should be extended to all rocks, including ~
.r: , rocks in nature, this method
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r ` ~ ~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1~

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1
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. ? ? t~e~e~co xi11 oQ~~~oto o~y in tho
�oMoallod dry ~ro~on ot~ata~ the di
i the .
Q tom eraturo Qu~ro ~ i ~ Q ~ ~ the in~axion
eh _ noon o~ the inflexion ~ th A
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be ohor~ in iay rocko and oli~ht in dry
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~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100072-1