EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUEDS BY THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE FOR THE FORMATION OF BUBBLES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: April 1, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
50X1 -HUM
Ti?t;Lo s eriraon ta1. nvoStigataon or thco Doter rUtion o tha Surfaoo
Tonsitr1 of Liquids by to Maxims Prosauxo ~'or the For tbion
o:' Dubb1~s USSR E. yas Toytc~1' baum
50X1 -HUM
Sources Ko11oic1nZhuriia1, Vol X, hIo 2, 198, pp 12S-132.
CONFIRENTIAt
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
50X1 -HUM
CONFIDENTIAL
INV' T~-AT'1ON Utl `fit J j Y' Api ~ e
RR'-'t* .tR?S'A'!jR'Rd'1t'!Ri'i~"Rt1c
1, ? y()1*14 ON Q1 1WL E 3
T4. Yap Tey t,c1 t baum1
Lt o1' iW 6fo cc:L1cid Gttcm
or I otg~t ;tats u ir~cr~i V. ~4.itv
Submitted 2~ March 197
The rt7?-tho 1 'i ` me surtc~ ?j:tr1'ace t rtrimi at the 1:ouid- ~ bnundc~iy by
tho maximuirt }ire wirc J'nr tw ?'or,rt~tinn o:t' bubbi~s is t f f ci in the well-knoiin
tact that when (air) passes slowly trou fit thti liriuid under lnvosti anon
in thr ?ortjt ~ ` ' it tt buhbles, he t roosurc o1' ,lie ti is c1ete1t,J:ned by thQ
atfl~?lint n1' Qrwi n t L t h iiruir1 T, 7. (As curiosity, let us point
out tttc in the F~tssiiri edition c,Fizi&ioak a Khimiya by - ti to and fcniol's
(Vol XTI, 19)il), the cdito o ` th trattsia1,ion s?tates in note ti it the
1. A. rtkLndo:rPs tttethnfl waa brood "on a cent arisan o1' the rates o!' bubb1'in
the air through the fluid being tt=,itcd aitd a s?tatidt rd rluid" ).
In !ebinder's ak7r~ r tug (3j, based on this method, air insteacl o' heir
?orced through the cipi1iary of+ ~nin~r, was sucked out of he space over the
11i>rid. The tip of the capillary came contact t,Ytly with its sur1'ace,
Th( surface teasion is c1cu1ited ?rorn the rel&ttion;
pma
The value nA (the 'tip cons tant'~) ii deiderm l.rlt tl frnrn ineacur wients of
prnax foratandard fluid; p is most conveniently measured in th.eoblumn
max
heights of a Fluid toured into a mcrnomett r) for example ire cotiti~netcrs of e,
toluene coltunn. The tips utied in the work havd c~penin , o1 the order of
o.:L-o.d mm which widen upwards imrned~,~tal;~ beyond the capillary opening.
COIfJjjEnri4j
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
HIJNii
o t n r :u4b o v4uo for ` sioti~ n ;o off' r t r~qi iro J
ip n :L~iiy in th c so o ' vi i ou i itiim , Qio t vrxio itto `o it?1~
not Th:Iry bQQ?Iw Q oi' tn~ t orripi~ts ~ttutnwnt tl~ sdo ~ atLcn o uiltt~rium
in tl~rx ~P1`.Itt m ,taut ciao l pn s aro~ r 'f' tiro to three but Tiss rather
tfA l Ii a ~`- win i'orrri d, and t wAS i'icl t to rrlukc irn i ? t~ r ~
Qri with i4A141l~iC t~'
Cor tsin trpmvenu nts in the Method l~or -m le by Trin v (147, i r~ro
i strews thc4 dia r tifi o t` I ibinder r app ratu in used in 'S'ri i'orrnv r s lotaor{storios .
Isere I' is f91frow rrhui't'or" capii1sry; MK is t rr~i 'o-tack , tIr? tolt:ione
rnsr~r~itih l~l'~ t?, Tet~ I it)r r s tit tali; (-, c 1c iurri elrioricle tub ltdi rJ to dry
the air; t1, ~r ~c,cjs rnprylc'r introclirced to olirnin ita the possibility of frac-
t I or ?i tint, the V Igor o?' tti? sOlWt1ons into trio test tubes rliiie ti, ?rir is
passirl throu gh them. In thou ?;oossneck t=ho it pt s ovei tine ~rui'tee off"
Lie nolutic)u anel e~cnrtie sat~ira end with its vapors.
our problem was to lac lain in what siran~er dir not cot~struction 1, ? a".
turc~s oi' the apn~rat~is aril reriment it cf~nc iti:Qnr3 ai''ectecl the value obtained
for t'
Lot uc cxernirte in detail tie cnochanisrn oi' bubble forrnation during chines
by the l'ebindor rnr thod. I+or tho seise off` siurplioity, instesd oi' a c&pillery
or the alnove-rnontioncd type, we will tine a capillary with a radius equal to
t}ie r idius of the tip. ,1s the~ vacutxr in the tcst tube is increased the
rneiiscus love/ in the ca:iliary will drop until the meniscus hcmisphere ex-
tenrls out into thr liquid and a bubL it is rmed . f'hen the vacuum is i'urthor
increased, the bubble bcocornes uri table aricl may brea1c away wider favorable
conditions, frjr instance, if the capillary is bent in tht ?hrm shown in 1i -
ure 2, so thrit the shape of tht tube does not obstruct (stericauy) the erner-
erice of the bubble. However, since this obstrttctiotn ?s i.1resont in ordinary
tips, the bubble doers not break away but crows until tht snrface of the cut
end of the cap i1lary cannot retain it (Figure 2b). Once the e:-~cessive~ esw
sure in the capillary has reached its rnari,mur, , the growth of tiro bubble re~
M 2 M
UUNfIDENTIAL
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
~i 'nrthr p t T'1- ii ti Y~tMM thV T'
vr3 raPid . Thr i'1tJn ut)taU b14 t~ ~f r~ tt~ Q142' if the
; is nt. Tug until rrta Lrnum prca urr obt?ttrwcl, short} no cur'r mt o
air ttirou h the wh lr" ayetem; { te, in iT'r-et, L d 11y t liquid in the.
eapit %ry. Art soon th prr~se~rro reracttos t m?~xirnum, eon?thin ~o+ nt
air i s uc1!c~l tt rf) t tT C anf1 O.
in( ttio pros ire ~n tho capillary ttp ie oqua1 to on atnlasphorc and
the raxirntum preecttro ie r otorr~ift!~ i only ly tho amount oi' tkte vaeumrn ercated
in to tent tLtbe, tt Pre?sr%FA f1APer~ds not on ho reaistafcp ~X(rted atpaifrst
tho rtir by the tjuffer eapliI:ary, rniero.eoek, drior and ~ooeoru ck but ea1e1y
t on th( ti. crm trrrtt anci tho urVi~co tortsion rai' the ligtfid. (Tc m?asuve
1A
?or iitiuLiis which Pict chNt i ca11kI eft rU1~b?r anr1 cc k atoppcrc Triior cW u -
using using u test tut)f with a Urereury otopper. 5inca SUch a test tune is
eartivc:lfmt to 'ebirt i( 's ordinari tet t tune with a mercury raanorn for attached
in pa 1ci to it (anw to tho E t?omctcr M), the use ei' a morcury goal, ro-
ard Lt ci' the quantity oi' the mercury in it, can not ai'i'act ttte meaour?d.
~,ouft o rnaximwn presoure for i'orrnin bubbles. An e)perim( rttal chock
confirinod our ataternent).
The amount oi' air passim throe ih the cievicQ in 1 second (the force of
the air current) depends on the rate aL which tim vacuum is crrurttect, and it
becomes smaller as the resistance to the air exerLed by parts oi' the apparetu-
e to the air
t
afc
i1R and E wows 1&rger. Here Hp is the res s
passin t thrcuhh the fluid in the Pebirtder to t tube itself grid may be assumed
~
to be approximately zero. Tho non-depnmdance of ttte force of the air current
(gin the properties (chiefly, viscosity) of the 1iruid may be the criterion
for the ecpiality, 0.
t:hers passinL through the capl1o~y tip, the air has a rcat r r3yrnasrtic
pressuro in the narrota pert than in thL wide part of the tube. The prdssure
dif'feronco increases as the tube becomes signli'ioant1y narrower, the narrow
part 1nng :r', acid the air currot t more rapid. Corlsocuont1y, at the moment
utiNEIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130027-8
CONFIDENTIAL
o* bitb . r wt t pr ~tri 4t t ~ t p pi' t ; M4 -:r:f ? tan the
[c p1T rM p:f: q4! iit tii v t a It ' n Sf4te cad' rtit d -
Cr
PF'" :4 3 Mir V 3 hlWFI ;t n t4 j p 3 t tUh4 f V Ule". pt!: O ..t i 1 W. V n
t !a 61(:! 1JLt )t)1.~', 4ftf Ill lid even kt vtri1- . , ra t r t~ 'Ft Q11. lP, =
g1dt, ~3 i ~ ' Kuhl l@a ttmUi it i bar by
rtr` tb :L vat jt the t L tf! the 1 . ruff
~t~"
h bf~ff 3 t(~h~d). H no , u4n= low of ~'?1pUi ry pi i J Ups
rtcit ~~t~~1~,rr t:ca c~ritr, tltrr.fa whrJ~' tr it rr'ow pgrtt' tk;~
t y lrwiF d l t ly wi d u s out tho puri r~ off' ep r tt buka 1 ,
do ?e tit '~ r 3'rv' ~~ ~ t~~-? ~ i f{ ' + iyn urie) rii ijt
ftfn(~ire~lmi.lt