SOVIET TRACK TOOLS AND MACHINERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130042-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 42
• Publication Date: August 20, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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ro~a-s as t acsaaarmam :acara s w ssmr. amt:sac
handbook
f,?o' Tr'ktul; goramori tnd rw 1 : ~i jEtt'
r,,
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..J Ltn
50X1 -HUM
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tape of a recording apparatus, and aleo to give light mid. sound signals.
(2) To record the defeats deteoted in writing an the mov3n~ p&per
under cover plate ~;
For rapid and oontinuoua ahaoking of track over ton diatanoee rather
than at speoi io pQ to took-! ae ifl trUoke fl4 try k~oaehrih~ Dare
are employed. on USSR railroads Dolgov trackwiAaauring truoke and Lyaehonko
and Dolgov traok-mosouring oars are used.
The Dolgov traok measuring truck 4U&?} is moved along the tracks
by hand, or by hitohing to a hand car. When towed bar a hand oar the truok
should not travel faster than 10 kilometere per hour
Aa the truok moves along, measuring inetenta autonnatioally and oon^
tinuoualy reoord by means of penoila on a moving pepper tape all deviations
of the track gage from normal position aooording to gage and level.
The traok-ineaauring oar, beeidee deviations o:f width ao,d level, also
records horiaonta1 and vertical thrusts.
For oontinuoua meohanical e~oamination off' rails, Soviet railroads are
currently using defect daotor oars, defect detector unite mounted on D~
hand oars, and SF'Tl?1~ defeat detector truoke (designed by the Siberian
Phyaioo-Teohnioal xnetitute, Two filament Mode1 No 13).
The purpoda of a11 typed of defeot deteotor unite ie t
(1) To detect rail defects (including inviaible internal defeota)
throughout the entire length of the rail, with the exoeption off` joints
Recently the Siberian Phyeioo-Teohnioal Snetitute designed, tested
w
and now is producing a email quantity of defect deteotor for rail jointa.
Ha1 laet3.ts Ma h ac ~i:Cte s e ft r Lei ed b 3ta1 n Pr e e
Barvk3n. Beloaorteev and Ale shin
The baaio purpose of thie machine is the oontinuouo lifting of track
for ballasting during reconstruction, capital and media repairs, and when
laying new track. The ballasting machine c&n alas perform moving and roughw
bending of traok, as well as lifting and inataling X11 2S metal foriias.
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GONHflEN'1tAI
ReaontSy the bg~.l~otor he beon adopted tor aut~tin~ fouled ba1Laat from
ur-der tieo ancl for perPar~a3n~ ethor work.
The ba~io work~~ }carte of the ballaot~r nest
(I) Two ~~a ~48h di~tri~t~E the balia~et onto ~th~ traoks, that
ie, whioh tra~-aPor and then 1ove1 ba11~at praviouoly dumped a1on~ the track)
(2) A hoioting lraiae with tcn~o which piok up the railo by the hoad
and hold thorn at a height o! 35 oontimotere while the zoaohina ie is motion;
(3) Two ballaetir~g ?ramee, on the lower part of which are f'aetsnod
orooepiooce to level the ba11aAt ~e~' the oroa~tiOt While the tra~ak is
raised;
(4) A ~trai~htening meohagimn for moving the track and tru'!ng it
in plaice.
SPECIFICATIONS OF TIC 9ALLASTRtE~ MACHINE (1936 MODEL)
Width of open wings (motets)
Up to 6
neigh t traok can be lifted for ballasting
at one pane (centimeters)
28
Span of tr aok lifted free between the wheola
26.0
(meters)
Clearance of machine in travelling condition
1-v
over buffers (metere) 47.19
Length of mach~.nne
Working speed of maohine (1n/hr) 5-1~
Weight off' machine (tone) $0.2
er hour ; when lifting traok r 10 kilometers per
of up to 15 kilometers per hour;
hour.
When de~siting ballast on the tracks the machine moves wig
When o rating the machine should be pled by a locomotive at lee.~st
.
Q powerfv~i as a Series or Shah.
which in wide/' used in the USSR, performs the
The ditohor~spreader,
following operations s
1. In der s
Clearing and deepening ditohee
(a)
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(b) Cuttin~ t~rr oulve~to in ouzo ~n4 Dt 1oo~t1ona
!e? Qutting ehouldere in r111e nd sofa
(d) Oradin~ of the bt l~ysr
(e) Cutting ~nd riniohin~ the olopoo oL' outs aid illo
(r) Viriouo planing joba in conetruation of eeootid trtokoi
ohearin~ aqd levolin~ oP a~rth and b~llaet
In winter
Clearing snow from station traoke
Ice removal
Piling snow at encw train dumping pointo
Reepin aalverte open toz the aooomodation of oprin~ Mood
water
The working equiipment of the ditcher-spreader ooneiets of a venter
plow and two wing. The plow, working as either a eingleptrack or double..
track snow plow, oonaiete of two front and two aide nioldboardo,
The main working components of the maohine are the aide wings (only
one wing at a time i e actually working )
SPECIFICATIONS FOR DITCE~R-SPREADER MANUFACTURED IN 1936
Weight (tone)
Length over buffers (mi111mAters)
Operating speed (kilometere/hour)
?r?
fr
Max3rmae wing overhang from track ex3o (millimeters)
Maximum dietanee from lowest point of' culvert to
head of rail (miUimetex'e)
Angle formed by wing and track axis (degrees)
Maximum d3etanoe between the axis of the culvert being
cleared and the ead,a of frank (M'LS1.~Md1A'Np~ ' ten _ '
"'PT r1'o1dboard a can be brought down w ee
below the heed of rail (mi11imeter)
C].enrance in transport condition
CONHIJENTJAL
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om3-15
6,700
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in new oonetruotion oa well as in trhok renovation. In the utter co,
it aloo dintlee track in oeotione,
The Piotov tiaokloyin~ machine i~ did for laying track b oeotiono
NcieEtl0fl
ae ?,a jtea i De ed b is a w
It ooneisto of a Drone for JIj, placing 1 traok aootione, and f1~t
e ortatt al traok aootiona from tho assembling be to the
Cara for tronP
Or~nO~
The Moore of all the flatcars, inoluding the orane oar, have conveyors
The platov traok-laying orane is a oantilevor orane with a 9-motor
boom. It is mounted on three gang frames inotallod on a four-axle tat-
oar. Two hoisting taokle trolleys travel along the flanges of the lower
beacon of the orana boom for the pnrpooe of lifting and lowering the traok
8eotiona.
At the rear end of the crane ie mounted en elootrio winoh. The orane
in equipped with two 73-hp ZIS-5 motors and an IBS-40 direot-current 40-
kiiott dynamo,
The motore and the dynamo ara mounted under the frame of the f;lgtcar.
For the transportation of the asaembled traolc sections a three~?fiataar
train is made up. The first flat oar in self-propelled, and the other two
are traders. All f1atoarr3 care of the heaver-duty four-axle type.
consisting of two rove of double-flange rollers.
The self-propelled oar is equipped with a 73-horsepower ZISM5 motor.
Equipnmnt used to mechanize track work by pnemiatio maohines ooneiebe
of the Po11ow3ng baeio wnitas
(1) Air nompresaor
(2) Pneumatic tools driven by aomprsseed air
(3) Air dines aonsieting of flexible hose and metal gas pipe, through
which the compressed eir Le delivered to the tool e,
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ENTIAL
sen,
In tr~ck word, naobilo ~1P-prope31ed oompma~ooro nre aoed.
F~oh oc>mpreooor oonaiat~ of the t'ollowiaR rte t
(1) Th Qntn;
(2) The comprwor proper, ~n air pump coneistth~ of one or oovas~l
piston air oylindora;
(3} Matal ink for the oomgro~eacl air.
Tho baeio principle oP oomprerflor operation is as follorrai
The online (usu1UY of the intox'nal oombuet3on typo) rotmte~ tho orarilc-
ehat"t of an sir pmap (ooinprerieoz'). The air pump euoka in the air bhrou~h
a purinrin~ filter, oompreoeed it, wut foraee it into the n3r rocaivin~
tank.
The moat popi1ar oompreaaor on the railroads of the USSR is the Soviet
t
manufaotux?d ZIS? VVK~200 (or VVK?200 for short) Which is ino~anted, with
5
storage tank, on the ahaaaia of a ZIS-5 truok.
The trttok engine tranaporta the unit and oporates the compressor.
9PECIFICATIONB OF THE ZI3-5 VVK2OO AIR COMPRESSOR
ZIS-5
Engine
Engine power (horsepower) 72
Air Oompreseor VVK..200
Air delivered per minute (volume f3~ured in non-
compressed ete,te) (cubic meters) ~"?5
Compreeaed air working pressure (atmospheres) 6
Ftiael and lubricant uasd per 8-hour work days
(a) Gasoline (kilograms)
(b) Lubricating oil (1d.1ogrema) 4
(a) Compressor oil. (ki.logrsmd) 1
(a) 'Lubricating grease (kilograms) 0.5
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CON~IUENTIAI
Th~ VVt?~OA oomrofloor on orviae aimal?tftsoou~ly one of tie tol~owth~
soup nP CpOVftt11fl toot
(8) 8 0rOOBt1@ t11p9PB
(b) 4 ra11 drillo
(c) t, snit.4i~k-~~nifl~ wr~nah~e ~ut eotter&
(d) 4 spike pullers
(a) 4 spike drivi1ng toners
(r) 8 rivotin~ hannner~
Tho -200 oompreeaor can
highway or by rail.
Tto maw highway o peed is 40 kilomotere per hour; m rail
speed ie 80 kilo~aetere when traveling on f n ed whaele.
from tho V 1-2OO compressor is fed to the tools through fOXIDJ.o
Air
rubber hoes.
It /coal vonditione prevent they compressor from approaohing close to
the tracks, a rubber hose 40..50 metere long ie Td from it. At the end
of the hobo to an air distributing bank, to which are connected individu*l
When the oompreeaor ie station?d close to the track, the hoeee for
.
le are connected dfectly to the oompre~eor outlets.
individual too
meter-lon hoses, leading to individual tools at work.
n,.p t~ d C ,oat~t ? Tamt~er.~
To mechanise the operation of tamping the crosstie bottome into the
?um&tic and electric tampere are used.
ballast, pn
Their gpecif ioatione are given in Table 72:
SPECIFICATIONS OF TIC CROSSTTE TAMPERS
Actual air
consumed
ht in (cubic meters
Wei
g
i_l i,o,ro- r minuteL
Zi, Plant
Kintent L.M. 190 0.5t~ 1~1~.0O 75 ~c,b
aganovioh
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ShA-19,
"Pnevmatika"
anti b
0:5o 1,R Q 70 x 17
2.9 0.$-O.95 1,200 80 x 40
Notox Model PD-4 io obaolotej nnufaotur? of it has boon
di aoontinuod
Pnewn tic Spike-Driver
Rather similar in principle and oonetruotion to the pneumatio tamper.
The main di?f?ronoe ie the a o? the handlco and the striking taco, in
which there is a aooket that tits the spike head.
This pnerznatio apike driver delivers 1,500 blows per minute, and ie
capable o? driving from B to 12 ~pikea a minute It is operated by one
olampg that fit over the rail head. The forward feed of the bit le ef?eeted
thereby rotating a erankaha?t, which in turn, through a system of geara,
rotatea a apindle into which is inserted a drilling bit.
When neoeaaary to drill holey in rails the pneumatio driill can easily
be fitted to any type rail with the help of a apeoial frame equipped with
eonaecutively into the air oylindera of the motor arid aotuateo their piatona,
PnetTnatio D2i11.a
Theee tools are used in track work for drilling holes in oroastiea
and logo, and alao in rails
The working principle of the drill is as foUowo. An air motor is
located in the tool housing. Comproaaed air fed from the oompreoaor enters
by preeaing a lever regulating a rack and pinion gear.
The pneumatio drib, is operated by one man.
It taken 30..44 aeoonds to drill a ~nwmillimeter hole.
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AcbuAl sir
coni1nned T~mping tome
(oubia me~~ra B1or+a pr --aroa.
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The solf-propelled motor generator is deaignated to food electric our-
either pneumatic rubber tires or truck tiree with atoel flanges.
purposes at night
SPECIFICATIONS
Modal
sc-5oi/~.-6
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A pnwntt v gill Lor the drilling of hc1oo in o oestioo and loge
for sp1kos and belts t o rated by one man. It tok?o 6-? seconds to
s
~
drill a hole
Similar in its operation to the pneumfttio drill above.
Thin ti4 wrench can be used for an' nut. se~ttin 'the Oleewe
to loosening or tightening position on the wx unoh handle, right or left t
travel will be imparted to th? wronoh.
The nPnourntiknn P1ent makes the Model OK pneuitio nut runnor, which
aura and con?uus 1.2 cubic motora off' air por minute.
woighd 18.2 kilogr
It is operated by two nsn. It will tighten GO oixwbolt jointu in one hoar.
It ig adapted Thr either highway or rail travel by equipping it with
RCTflIC MACNINRY FOR TRACK WORK
The eleotrioal oquipnent utili~od in the meohftI bation oL` traok work,
a ui ant used, in oompoaod of three bieio pe to
like aho p n --otatio q
(l) The electric power installation, which goncrated tho e1e@trio
power;
(2) The eloctrioally-operatod toola;
Znei,ilated cables for feeding tho oleotric ourront from the power
X37
installation to the working tools.
The mobile motorpg- n?rator made at the Kaluga plant i s mounted on the
Chas its of a ZISw5 truck.
saws orosatie tampers, nut rummers, etc.; it also can be used for lighting
rent to portable electric tools such as wood and metal drills, railwoutt~ag
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CONFIDE NTIM
O~pa~eity (t1owtt)
Current ahar&oteristio~
Yoltago
Nwnber oP oyolee
1Q
Modol
Maximum power devolopod (horeopowor)
Mann RPM
Working RPM
Fuel
Total woight of installation (kilograms)
Maximum speed of travel (kilometora poi' hour)
ZIS-5 f our-oyolo
?3
2,400
1,00
Oaeoline
x,300
30
Tho ZhES 2.0?kilovo1t-ampere motor genorttor ( i~ at the present
time the main pcwer?generating unit used in running track maintenance.
Tha set ie mounted on a wo1ded tubular frame. It ie carried from place
to place by four men,
SPECIFICATIONS
Generator
Generator capacity
Voltage
Current (Amps)
Model
M, o~, for
Model
Power
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2 kilovolt-amperee (1.6 kw)
230/133
5/8.5
SGD~2A
~o?
Alt?rflftting, 3-Ph
220/30
50
1,000
L-3/2
3 hp
2,200
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Total w i ht or Zh2 (Kg) 200
Opor~tin Poraonuel Qp~ tOr
Tho Zhu .5 motor afs ter put out by the Twnbov Plat woigha 400
reason is ~11flO~t v1usuable ao a portabl? unit 1o
klowne, ~n4 der thi
aurront trok rnnintoiauoe wort. In view of this drawbaok, the 1oaifl tau
a
off' the TsCMZ ha kilovolt-a~re mot?r~Senorator set motlted
a dovalopod ~ ~~~
on a two-axlo oar,
Ftio1 2iid Rrrods gaolit
SPECTFIC~TIONS OF THE ZhE9?4.
Capaoity (kilovolt-amperu) 4.
golfs a 3,/23O
Cturront oharacterietios Alternating, 3~phane
Model SS-4.5
R 1,500
Model L-6.2
Rated horsepower 6
2,200
2nd.gi'ade gasoline
Fuel
Total weight of unit (KG) 400
Operatin personne1 One operator
~
Tor feeding electric otrrent from the ZhES-'2 and 7hS-4.5 motor enor-
store to electric track tools (ta~-porg, rail saws and rni1-dri1ling machines,
grinders, etc.) in track taaintenanoe work, a oable network is neoessar7.
The cable system consists of hose cable and oonnacting fixtures:
switchboxes, distribution boxes, and junction boxes with either fork or
socket conneetior~ .
The a os of cable ordirArily used for electric tool operations are as
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!ol:owo s in ', x 1O x 6j di otribution oablo o~ x 10 1 x~ j
undorwotor oebloo, 3 x1 x 1..
Four-otrand XT oablo ohould bo usod for track work' when nooooaary,
a h' oab1? can bo eubotituted.
'. tjiI9 1Tur
Tho main typo of o1ootrio tznper uoed by the Soviet Onion is the
vibratioh-type tamper.
The vibration tamer made by the Zaporo~h'ye plant conoioto of a
7 .4 (Q~
oylindrioal body to one end of whioh is fastoned o i in th? shape of
1
a curved spade; on the other end is a frame with hand1c Inside the oylin-
drioal body there is fasten?d to a shan't a sma11 O, 5-horsepower elootrio
motor. Also fastoned to the haft is a uni1atora1 occentrio vibrator weight.
Reoeiving current from the mobile motor generator, the ?mall oleotrio motor
tu;s the shaft with the vibrator at n rate of 3,000 revolutions per minute,
thus setting up the vibration.
The eleotrio tamper built by the Zaporozh 'ye Plant weighs 32.E kilo.
gams end stxands one meter high.
+k d
if
7N 4 y~:;f t if t 4f'~I
For ballast, the working edge of theme &s i87 x 20 millimeters;
for sand, 237 x 20 millimeters.
To operate the electric tamper, the workers stand in pairs, as when
operating the pneumatic temper.
At present the Model EShP-1 eleotrio vibration tamper is used for
packing ballast under ties in running traok maintenanoe. This tamper is
more effective than the impaotwtype tamper. The tamper is fed from a
mobile ZhE$2 or Z123 ZhE5.4.5 motor generator. The ESiP-l electric tamper
is built by the "Revolyutsionnyy trud" R1ant of the Ministry of Transportation.
This tamper weighs 32 kilograms, is l,130 millimeters long, 220 milli.
meters wide, X47 millimeters high, and has handles 590 millimeters long.
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CONI:LiJ?
Met' ??e &irine jaahine~
The Soviot Typo -26 ?1eotrio boring maohine to mounted on a special
moue oo that proeo on the top of the maohino loworo the drill. Tho
depth of drilling le oet beforehand by adjusting retainoro.
~n drilling shallow he the dri11 can be coed without the mawit by
holding the drilling attachment by hand.
At preoent tho TeNII tie boring maohii is boing uAed to meohaniza
the drilling of holeo in croooties for apik@e and wood screws.
Thin machine la mounted on a weldod frame. For drilling holve in
ties under a given typo of rail, tha framo is equipped with appropriate
guideo. The maohine can drill hol?s for R43, R38, I1I-a and IV-a rails,
for which pi~rpono the machine le oquippod with interchangeable uidoe fastened
by bolt to the frame of the maohine. Tho machine is operated by two men.
For the power aouroe, the ZhES-2, the ZhES-4.5 or other mobile genera-
tors can be ueod.
The productivity of the machine when drilling eix holes per tie in
6o-~0 ties per hour. The machine weighs 27.5 kilograms, ie 2,007 milli-
meters long, 150-21 millimeter wide, and 1, 0-~15 millimetern high.
leetric Rai,,,lE ?;;machine
At prenent, boring machine trade by the "Rovolyutsionnyy, trud Plant"
is widely used for drilling holes in rails. The machine conniats of a bed,
an electric drill and a clamp. One worker operates the machine. Time
required for drilling a hole is 2-3 minuten. The productivity of the machine
on an -hour ehift is 10-200 holea, depending on the type of rail. The
machine weighs 35 kilograms; maximm drill diameter is 3O millimeters.
In track maintenance a good deal of time is spent cutting off rail
ends. Tor thin work, portable rail sawn are used. Those machines are
powered byr electric motors working off mobile motor generators or internal
combustion engines,
A rnil saw of modern design and light weight is being tnanufaetured
by the Tambov "Revolyuteiont yy trod" Plant,
l2
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1 ondo oan bo aut with this ahine either with the rah inal1ed
in the track or when the rail has boon romovod.
ma the evens oporating speed of the
The machine woi~he kilor& i
maters r minute. The nvoroJa time ?or auttin~ one R43 rail
ew in 40.3 ~
ankahart turning aloakviso is 3.4 minutest turning oounter"
with ~h? or be
e 10,5 minutoo. Henan it is reoommendcd that outtin~/done with
oloakwio,
~
the ahatt turning counter-aloak4se,
The rntehine is operated by one man and oarried by two.
For
moohanizin~ the rennin and loosening of oorews when ohanging
rails or tied and the running and 1oooenin of track-bolt mite when ohanin
mile and lubrioatin bolts, a eorew-and-nut wrench, powered by an eleotr o
motor, ie used. The elootrie aarew- nd-nut wrench no?da a 2.0 kilovolt*i
amper power plant for its aouroo of power. Two mon are required to operate
the machine, one of whom moat rn the motor gonorator, The productivity
of the electric wrench in running or unscrewifS Y be roughly canaider?d
as per hour , ; track-bolt nuts, 60.0 per hour The
~'ollawas ecrnwa~ 100 pe
wrench weihs 85 kilome.
An electric chain saw is used to make anticreeper oroee braoea. Opera-
tion of the saw requires two workers. One out requires 30 seconds! The
saw weighs 3 kilo ms, le 1,200 millimeters long, ago milliinetera wide
and 00 millimeters high. The speed of getting is 6.7 niters r second.
~,
The width of the saw out is 9 millimeters,
MACHINES WORKING OFF INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINES
Mechanioa1 Screw Jack
The mechanical screw jack built by the Kaluga Plant is used for hitting
track.
This dank has the following speaificatinnss
L42 (gasoline)
Motor
Lifting ospaoity of jack (tons 12
4aximum height of lift (centirn&ors) 60
Total weight (tonti)-~ 1.0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130042-1
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130042-1
CONFIDENTIAL
The jook conetota of ~a a oav on which ie wountad o aeo1ine motor ~nc1
two 1iftin oorawo vented undo rn th the frome in tr~niveroe oookete.
To the name off' the oar thorn ore fastened two paive of a1ampo which hold
the rails by the head at two pointo on ooh eido.
Motorized 1i. haw
The 2aporozh'y6 Plant mkeo a motorized rail saw powored by aaaoline
engine.
On the frame, which is mounted on wheels, is plaaod o gaaoiine moor.
Through a transmission the motor drives a dick to which is footonod a con
neoting rod which connects with a Qaw fie. A clamp serves to fasten
the rnohine to the rails.
The rail saw hac the toUowin- apeoifioationa:
Motor KIM (gasoline)
POWOI' of motor (horaopower) 4.5
RPM 2,500'.3,000
N~nber of double strokes of the
saw per minute 50.60
Nwnber o? sawing per hour About 6
Peel oonsumption (grarn/horepowex'-hour) 550
Weight of machine (kilograms) 161
In place of the internal combustion engine an electric motor may also
be used on the same mounting, thus making it an electric rail saw.
Rai;t rind n Maohirae th Ri -Dr llinttachnne t
The rail-grinding machine built by the Zaporozh ' ye Plant conaista
of an Z/z..2 three..horsepower gasoline motor mounted on a mobile card and
e flexible transmission shaft leading to an emery wheel..
The machine 3e used for ~rindin~ built-up ra31m and frogs, and also for
grinding the out-off ends of rail being welded.
Maximum f1ae1 aonunption (gaan1ine) Si 404 grams per hour.
Besides the emery wheels a apoiai ~aii-ariiiing attachment can be
connected to the machine, makth~ it a rai1-dri113ng machine.
QONfiDENI 1A1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100130042-1