ACCOUNTING AND OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUE IN STATE BANKS OF THE USSR

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
R
Document Page Count: 
458
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
March 28, 2012
Sequence Number: 
27
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
July 1, 1952
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5.pdf185.63 MB
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Operativnaya Uchet i Technika v Gosbanke SSSR (Operationa. Acoounting and Technique in State Banks of the USSR) Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1946! Russian book, Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 .. ?nc;w c~uesta.ons elucidated an these are the most impoxl..ant o.~ the antia7' tl~~.,. t~?~e most s~,b,,?t off .the present edit:L? Together with tbis a ks made wi'th xe:Eerence to the .c,irs r ?ations and. cra,ta.ca~, remarks edits the su~~e dilly ~ ~ taken into accou.n~'~.n , ?i ~i s .t edition have also been tion. ? ?red cansidex's,blc revi.s:i.o~~i. ands to These corisidex's,t~-ons required everthe~ rrhe pia' o:C the book has n 1 ik.e ?the first edition, it some extent, additions as well. retained, to the extent tr1a s S been for .., ~e e ?~~it~r~ ti~l.e current syllabus pax ~ has been written in a~ cordr~nc r Bank~t du.re and Accounting in the State course. "~)peratinprocr w be~.. he Credit ;aconomy. Due atten ?n? r n?iven by the lns~,itutes of the re .tc;d , o the sequence of tre;a~traent of .~ the rc e Lion has -thus been p~.1d to t ? ? and Settle and rganiZat~ion o Credit a d:i.scip Theory ht re~'ex~ence has To avoid duplication on1.i slid kin~; opcz`atians ? So as not a to been made to the econam~.cs of to only s it 1~.as been necessary not only crease the bulk of` th.e book, which .,.~r ~: treatmerL?t of a n'uznber of c~uest~.ans, x?wtairl the breve ~J a Were a ?'rst edition, but also to sub je ct them also condensed in ?the ~a. p well as to dispense with ~, cea rtain am to Further ~,bbrev~.atlan, as especi~ ?' e material f r 1Le first chapter has been oun?t of lustrata.v ally condenseds for even a short development of the operate and Only th.e most had to be left out. of the Credit Faculty s , sup ing. special course is Faculti8S of the State Bank small number of operabi.ons descriP~ian of the histor1cdl aCCOUf'ting work of the State Bale . general .idea, essential for account is given of me chaniZ ed given subject by the Accounting n;tl~i i , In view of the relati 'elY institutes. >ected with capital resources, capa.M cony I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 as tal eand s capital expend i.tur~ a ai: the ~atate i3ank, diCUSon 1a'e cts k~s~a been candenscd. The theme ttj)ocurneftaXJ and of Ua,GSe six ~ aud.tingn was x~ot iricl.udd in the present edition for the reason that a separate brGch ' n;~ ~ Work in the System oi: the State ~.~rc ~udi.t:~. tank was isaued in i9)49 ~ which treats ti-us sub jc ct in detail. On the a'ther hand, speci~al attcntiox~ has been paid i.n this book to tk e 5 ...,ena r.then:i. ~ ?.n~, g of internal (intra~bank) checka, which asst re time- excruti.or1 of the operations and completion o:E' the ly and. accurate bookkeeping work. The separate chapter's have been 'rlritten by the jojlowing authors M. Bo TuSlavskiY; V, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XIII, XIV, XVI ? ~ and XVII; Ya. B. Greben; III (xcept for the sections on machine account which have been written by Mo V, BoguslaVSi;.iy. ),r, and ~.ng, XII; A, A. proselkov, I, II, IV, VI, XV, XVIII. Critical ~ l suggestions arid. remarks on the present book are i ' ~,ca 1qucst They should be addressed to the Gos inizdat, I1ioscow, ,3 d. rc, ulitsa CherniShavskiY, At the moment the law was promulruated on the trrjnsformat,an the Cotes.~i ri l of peop? leT s Commissars USSR into the Council of Ministers Uu ~S,SR, and the Councils of Peoples S Commissars of the Union and Autonomous Republics , into the Councils of Nanister s of Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82 00039R000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the Ux1aar~ and " ufO111Q1~a 1ZeI)11Di9.Ca , . ~~.'~~.Q tCCh~.a~C~,~. ~~aasan5 :b om a.etaly made up arit() pages. Iba~,d~ been ~ ~ ~ law co ~a~.c~ thu5 na t 1) a made in ~.e Cp~'1~ECt'LU7a by TGasOY1 q.C 1at ' UI1 O:E .. the changes COr 1eCwitki the tk~a book. ~a.l~~~..a~':~-'' , were not reflected in 'tie boOk0 cCrta2n r~epar-~ ~mera,ts Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CHAPT1~R II The L3 Lance Sheet of the State Bank. General characteristics of the State :13a nk balance sheets 2. Classification of baJ,ance-s}ieet account; 3 A Ciassificat i.on of nonba1ance5l1ee t accounts L. Short characterization of the accountsumbering of accounts. E'orm of the balance sheet I~ ~Y.1.. f r~r lVwili'l fu^i. ,P~n'1p } w ^:?,f r '4 :'dLL V~ 1:.1yi~i.Fr nit ri~?J.rR'illArtr r dr id+VSid 4t ^I Alklu :~ r rli,.e,+i, i !ti rr .r ry "G t f'n r "rJ' d i ~ r ,,,..t ti.I~t!Yt;ixr~r,a.~~:rrbae M~~~w~~r~~a~Ja~3^dr?fakaR;c>'d ~t~ rl f/ 1(+ ,wA'~'a.'a7 V (Inlix A f jlw"' ' y"f kII ^....:i I df IV~XI '7 rr-01 yt. ?~fP, fr ( r1 JGYLJ7: i r ', y t l tr' Y!i*v I n .. I fr?%dn W.T ?1Vrr ni+ vr ~, ~c a ~~;d,7,frr t!}ti~` ~~";~ylY4 7rr~",rCt'~J c~ r~J' p~ ; I>Ih;W ~yyC~ ,U {, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 caaPT1RXV ~~ o~ Aaoou~ z~ ~VA,CUAT -~~ ~A~AGE CAUSHD ~ THH BAR STATE '~~~? zNV~o' o~ OF accounting r?coxds entirely le construction of 01' patl1 10 st through militY operation, in the evacuated officeS of the State Bane 2. Reestablis} of the accounting in State ~?n~. - s reSUmtng operations in regionim Banc office from the German-faSoist invaders liberated 3. accounting of the damage caused to the State , Bank by the Ge man?fasciSt invaderS and and their accompliceso GHAPTER xvi A(;COUNTING THE BAN1 C~ Building accounts operatin inventOT7 ac counts 6 operating material accounte Capital expenditure accoufta y ire P~r~ ~ , ~ ~ uuu40'J e~l~in'' J'~i4 a ^ ! Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CHAPT XVII' DBiTS OF THE BANK G~IPTS , ACID _ Unt of interest, charged or haracter X14 ;pfd by the bank Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 O) I 2. Nature of the bank's receipts and disburse. ments 3. Administrative and management expenses L Control of the closing accounts ~o Deferred expense CHAPT1RXVITI RBPQHTS Significance of reports 20 Periodic operativewatatistical reports 3o Periodic accounting reports 4. Preparation for drawing up the annual repo t The closing entries and the procedure for making them Transfer of balances to the centralized accounts The Profit and Vass Account ( accumulation and depletion Drawing up the annual report by the State Bank branches ,o , ' , 1 1 L ^ a'l~~k,~i7d b4~r ( f~ ,1 yh I t e ' t t~ br 9 ir~i J ~r7 ', ~1ati : `;j +4 1v,,^~ C,r,nfh ) ,! i k~ltipi ,r4 ip . ? , ' b . jy,apl s u' ~f4f r f f.11!' ~a 9. Dra~ring up the consolidated annural reports by the regional offices of the State Bank 10. ' Drawing up the consolidated annual repo t of the State Bank i yil ;.? jr., i Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CHAPTER I GENERISTICS OF THE A ~? NC.. A-- CI~AICT 4 ~w i6 ~ . PI~~ AD OPEI1TING . , ~ T~-a INK Aldl~ THC~ ~5`~RUt~r~'UR~ Oh ~Ta ~'~,~,,..~ ,.~.~,1~ ~. NCiPM~ FUTURES IN TD UEVELOPI?NT OF TH OpERATING A) jll i\CCOU:NTINC' W()iZK OF TIII~~ STATE BAK IN RECENT J5 ~ I~TY1e State B ik is an jrnmense, wjde bx anching apparatus of our .s a ra.zrtary importance for t he dev~elop~ financial system4 Its woxIs p r ~~ conom~ espec~! arl;l.Y for the development of ment of r~he ndt .anal e 1 ~ . ent of the goods tuxno~vex, and for supz,lyizig trade ' for the develo,...~l~t ~? eas with. rnanufactla.xed. goods and prQv1iOIS ." both ui~Uan' and rural ar yov, Qefare -bhe joint session o? the Soviet of ('14~. ~I. ~oloG Speech the Union and the ~ Cain~c ia_ of National.ities of l~ January 1938. Stenographic report, pp 6-7, Parti ztdate ) In view of the jmmense role of the State Bank in the nati.oz~al economic ,e of the country, and considerg ~.b necessaxeconomic life degree of independence, 'L}.1e first sess~~.on of dob~ it with a greater ~ the Supreme Soviet USSR in January 1938 detached the State :Bank froln the 1 eople1 s Commissariat of Finance ad subordinated it di- avnarkom of the Uiiiono (According to the decree rectly to the S of 22 May 1946 of the Council of I~j.isters USSR, the State Bank is t~finister of Finance USSR, and the Chairman of assigned to the ~:. the ,Administration of the Stake ;Bank is the ViceMMiflis.tex of Finance USSR; .tic grow h cif industry and of the whole national .econr Dray, The the g improvement t in the organisat:t;on and technology o production, ~'ovemen :7 ) yi 1 i + + f +Y ~11~^9~' 1+Pj t~?ik+~r~r1'f'F + + 4i~i -114., +i rl +1~iq ^{Ff7i1{iFTf, ii~01~$k9,:~t~icr ~irj IY GVM1 ~'~d~GF4`+C''~YA~)IhdljzN },t r~Fti+l rC~i'3'r TS yy`fl'~?Fi~1 I i~q ~~,+ +++ Gr:l i r~~i+~Jli {I.~~aPJ~la~t~ ~~ ~~~~yF~ ~~~?' ~~~h?t ,~?~~~1 y~ ~pt~l k~l`?~'~i~ ; ~~YFI t~ V~j?p ?f~tign~1+ ~,. ~r I~f~ itr ++1 iA'' "+I ti~~ 7 +~4 +v~IN~ 1 ~? P~J;~+4?"! r+~i+` i? dt ?n iin guar dal 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 During the period from r~ 193;-1939, a series of Government des crees were success'Lvely issued, providing for the reorganization of the operational and accounting works These included the decree of the SNK USSR of 8 June J.93.5, "On changes in settlement practice in the inter city freight turnover" the law of L. June 19369'tOn changes in the system of financing the turnover of goods tt 9 the decree oi' the SN'K USSR of 29 July 1936 trOn bookkeeping work and balance sheets of state and cooperative economic organs and. enter- rise&'; the decree of the SNK USSR of 1~ August 1939? "On control p over the expenditure of wage funds by budgetary and khozraschet organizati.onstt, and others. World War xT demanded . the radical ' reorganization of to . national economybr war, so.as to render the maximum assistance 1. (.I^.~ro. ~. If. ,,,)rf M:4.':,f~ .4f~'~fi~~~~r~~f?.g~. u`~7v, r `y .. ~J~, ~a~~,""~~~~..?l'~`.d ~' ~tl, .. ~ 4h.~~~~~~ ',~'i. a Pik, '~ ~ti ~ i', ., Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 _ CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the increase in the pxodu.cti'v'ity of labor on the basis of the further development of the Stakhanovit( raovemE,nt and of the siren tY~c~nin; o.C labor discipline, and the development of trans- portation - all these i'acbors favored the growth of nat.~.on&- in cornea in connection with which the t~zrriovcr of the State Bank naturally registered a sharp increase as well. The State Bank as it becomes graduaily,transferred into an apparatus of general state accounting, must by all oi' its work encourage the fulfillment of the national oconomic plan, in ex erting its credit influence upon production and distribution. In so doing, the organization of procedure and accounting of State bank operations must "be exemplary to assure the efficiency of its work0 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 I ncc~' a a~~~'to conquer aG~1 G'~p~'fl~a '~~ox~~ and ru~7~~~' w eGeSSa~Y ~o an~xaduas to the ~~ ~ ~,~ as a:~~Q n "oe~ ~c~%Q~'d~,~.~ ac~? o~ the ha're~'u~ '~ unL'iz>.. and oexa. ~ Qchan?~e$ ~'n' the aceca a n~~nt%ex' e , the 31ate ark rlnnGnae Q he state i3~,~al( d~.d an x. .~. ,e1~va.ce or ~lle x'tn WorA 'War II U WU 111 px?d and ccoL ~.'~'acu?`~ fed va.~? he xl~ Fleet, ~nCe o~;~~,ce Qn~cx'" a? un;in,Lex,xupted service or c Fleet, , a~~n~.7a~,iQns ~e~ux~l Ax'~J cl a1. ~ a se;~v:Lc.a ~ ;Co ox~ x da.~s e ~ and a.n;.,u't~.ans y an I1i..L~.ex:~te ~ar1 ~x~SG~ ana xe,,d x~am -to re e~.~n.. ~a5ur.e5 were ?~,alsen to of the Waxs ra~ . : rai ?~ax From 'r,~thp very ~.,c.,cox'd. ] ~.n ~~Ylt~ z1arre a a:~ the acc?x xe the dan~,ex an~ w~1G acCv) ~.I.,.L1aTJ85 c1Q* e to tie } ac't~x,cs ~ d ?~V eepeca.al.7:y gxcat. fin~i uc . d arc .re laS x,aceduxe for off' air ra an r ~ir~~e ~? avcxn ~lle p _ons ,. out a't ~;~~e a7t~.e Q e or acco~~~in` recox ,.. paxtia7Wex' ,e Warked ryd.s in cape of ~0~,a1 1e x~ econa~x~xcaI1 ' ~ a x'e~.u~.x~ed eeup a eeax .... ~,he dacwnenT1~ . - , Ranh a5e.e~ ~-?a ~ ?of Y, he , r~~a1 ,e ae ~ec?~,aan T~ O fl , ~~ e~~ah:ll.. a~ e balance ohee~ ? CU w?bb xecax, not raa. UI, r or op~raons 5~ae Ban tr end .Lea 'i,Yle p'1C11'~"' S ~ 'GY1e WC,x' ? up ~~yn d5 ~-n~aa. ncd dux a ray ~ accow'r-~ N o 2~8 , tit~e~ eso.F r~~abl~ arlci 1iab.~ ~1iY .ed 5-ate dank es~ab-~ of a].texrna~~.n~ Ce a~ ~~r ` xeeaux' and credis of eVacu deb ..t$ vaJ.uab ~ ~ ~ and -shme~series of accounts ~G rci'lec~ the .. ~xarlr the ane of rni~..~a'~'~ ~ opera l3.sY~.en'~s and a series Y ~n~nr~ ~,eva~ f. do cum~n~s xelna in couee of evaeua~a.one -~~,ans or des ~a^oJed ~~' ank had The pex'fox^m a ~ ? ~ ' ~.ve Worl~, akarig a ~Yxe rear i8 ax'ge am?urit of 'f'jcee of ?ie ate ~ vex n~ and opera vex 1. c,vcaun~i Declassifie in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 i~l~~k~l,',~i? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the assets and liabilities of tbL evacuated departments, and also the documents pertaining to the clientele o tbesc evacuated de'-' partments, reestablisil.in their activ;Lty at the location of the State Bank office accepting such accounts and documents, pursuant to the directive of :Wiarch l9)-i2 of the SNK USSR, No 229, fQai the reestablisiim nt o1 accaunti ng and reporting i.rr regioma liberated from the German-fascist occupiers", special .instructions were issued to the localities covering; the procedure for reestab1i thnient of accounting and reporting by State Bank of- fices in the liberated regions. Ala The manual contained a special chapter devoted to the open-. e. ative and accounting work in evacuated and r /acuated State Bank I i offices (cf. Chapter XV). :cri 191-~3, pursuant to the instructions of the;traordinary State Corirnission "to assess the damage caused by the Gerraan-fas- cast usurpers and their accomplices to state, cooperative and public enterprises, institutions and organirlationstt, directives were worked out and issued to the State Bank offices on the procedure for deter- mining the losses caused to the State Bank both in regions temporar- ily occupied by the enemy and tliase suffering from enemyi air born bardment, artillery fire, etc. Directions for estimating the dam- are caused to the property of State Bank personnel in consequence of evacuation and ,evacuation. De=tails. are :given in Chapter XV. The victorious conclusion of the war has placed new tasks before the State Dank, the accompl.ishmenL of which will ,to a large ^ i1 .5,...1 nt(,;~r , 'h',,~"fi ,'r+4 "~ U11",1'Ih IJ+"~rf+aYYb.'~I +y'5~11111~L'iJ"v Y+~~+ F _ ~~'~~+ ~r:,;7p )a 7 ~ 1FV 1 ,. ifil''1' ttP ""r ~ ~f .i l=b~:11 ki~Y{","+44~. ~7~1{~~+~I f"f 7;i P '~ Y.dG~ the - ~. ccottnti1Tg factory which handlea the dccouTTt ~~o,~ cow mechanized a the terbranch transfer and the operations for the ink; for the ~ ~tato ~3aTil~a is subordj.~~atcd to it. The Moscow city affa.ces ai' the ,e . ublica Kray and Oblast hegional Of- c~~~ief' boo~(kcepers of the Rep einoved by ~bhe Chairman of the 'Bad on the f'ices are appointed and. r chief 'aaa1ikeeper of the. Head Office. recornmendatioTZ of the The thief' Auditor' s Department is headed by the Chie:C Audi to x whose appo in.tment ..i is 'confirmed by the. Sovr!arkom USSR . 'f the ~o and of the Mate Bank on' the. no?i7.z~ation of the Chairman o e audits 1e ~Hepubl; c 9 '~~ray and Oblast 1~eg.Lana~. ~l~e o,pex^at~.ons ~ Of ~ ~~ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 c_F I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 0 6,r qn, ~I 4 i of Po ^~~. ~ n 4 if ? It jii ! off ~ ~ It l $,y! PI) !U; 1 I ?.+UIGtY IH9 ~ ~f1 7 .. .k1, u... are di reotly subordinated ?to ?tlhe 1iead O? fice. 's I)e )artlil0nt 1sa sertct i.t$ repreSEntative;s 'ah:l. ,~ ~J1lel'E neCeSSclry ? . of the State :i~an.k.. The s.eniar a~tr>~da.~ to audi.?t ?tk~e local. bx ~tincl~e~~ ~ tors of lbe Republic, .aiRepublic, Ic~'ay and U~al.a,sregional of'a`'ices report directly to the Chief A1.i(iitor. The Head 'i~'?'ce of t):ie State Bank alao has a number of other Head U.~.~. a.ndcpendent Depar?Lr~ ~ ~end !s and Sections, wh:LCh operate cazl a functional , and import organiZati ohIs and arrangixlg settlCM l~aS1.u ; ~'1r1c~nC:LI1~ export men?ts with foreign Countries? supervision weer the e,pendituz'G of ~ n. ani.uation,l and i~ c;st~aating work; capital constru.c~ wage funds; oa. the State 'Bank offices; furnishij:lg various operating; sUp., ?tian for the ~. plies ; carrying' out, building .. e:>.^at:i.on and mana~;emen.~t for the bank; :.libuilding operation r signnten.t of cadre persofnel, etc. t~~a._.ng cud a al DeZaartment of Field Office S was organized in con- Cta..on with ~, special the proviSion of banking serviceS for the Red Army. ne with in action a1~d the Fleet, during World War II, and handled the or k azLi7ata.on of such offices together with the issue of instruCtians to them ~id doing their auditing, as well as the comprehensive book keep ing operations for the entire field network. Field Network ~ r consists of pegional Field Offices, Field The ~ .,.L Branches and ]'ield Tellers. ces of the State Tank handle the and The Fa.e1.d Of fa. aCCCU.nta-ng s of the military (or nasal) units of the Red aeV1.CE Army in action and of the Fleet, and also for the Field Yost- offa.ccs. They provide credit and settlement service for. :the Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 1 , Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 field ? ? capt~.~currency a~ad w~,th and conduct operations wfield 1'~ s o~ rpi~.itary ~~ex'~- y and accePand pay, out depa ~~xc~ca.raus Taeta~.~ ~ sonnet o s?t xegi.onal o:t'fices have wYlat rj'he Repub:l.i.,c~ ~ixay and Obl.a r de ax~~t'r~,enta carxout all termed City Ue;~~axtment-~ ~ TYlcse: p a~~qF, , ~ ~i c in ?tl~c' c~.ty' Cz~ccl.it and sett~.emont npex' ona the cla.ente hcxe tYie regi.onal a'fice is located. w" The regional o:Cla.ccs of the S-i~,ate Bai~ are; headed layr mana~ gcrs wha are appoi1Tted and removed by ?tY~e IYeo?d 0fftce. tlie valuof ucture off' the branchee depends on he str ?th.ex ....aed by . raanagers ~Jr].~,:~ are aY~po7.Tltc~d ?b her ~ They are hta,~c the - of the Board of the $t~tit~; 13a.Tak an and Tycraoved by the Gha~.Tlnaa~. ndati.on of RUg L-nal Office I'iaiaagers, ZEr,CU1IwLE .nctwoxk of t]tc Sta~t'~ ;Bank also a4 t be }acs; des the bxancYlc-~, t es (a:xi i~yans whcxe it is stL1_ any ~, L~i~ on ;7et~ler~c=~nt o.L~~, ? ~.c . r includes Y xe~~7x"ery represents expeda-ca~.t to open branches) and Agencies. The Agency ~ the -t ~,ecl o;L'~'a.ccs of the State 13anke Ouch M ~ wt - l? ~e of Y~d, are ~;e:x:ned clo~~ .i.:t.tEd va~~~-Ety~ of ?t~"ra,r~sactJ~.ans ; acccY~ o:~':L`a.cc;~ carry out onl.J a ~ . and ~ caun~ting ~:'o:~~ them; cash ~'~d settle. ~i, s ac a.~ labc~raa.on de~osa, n. ment service ?or fisheries s etc. tY~.us fax enwneratcd have KU to State Bank offices We have independent balane~ sheet r, the the ~,5ron Settlement and the , Agencies, however, use an abbreviated form of balance sheet (ab- totimts) breviated n.araeclatuxo of b aflcesY~ee accad S oit'ces that do not. have The Mate Balk syslaem also include Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ce sheets. These are theceiv?in and Paying independent bal.ax1 (3 and the s111~brclles at i~ho'~ar~axi$ and 'j.'cllea.~s a~, the a~,.spo..~ or and Paya.axTellers at Rayispo:lkama are Spctebanks, The RccF.a.v:>wr1 o ;t c~, principally to the service u:C the a.ocal bud~ cts and operate ? .?, in those ayon Cent Ers where there is no $~Ga~~e dank bx~cLnc~~~. The nches both. permanent acid eaonal, are opened by the Regional g~.-o.n n al Qf ices or branches o? the State Bank on the basis aa con.tract,~ r with the YihoZ,arganc involved. i ursuanb to the decree n . as: l~ September 192 of the STO, subbranches are maintained en- tirely at the expense ~ of the ozorgans, id are staffed by regular he latter. rl~he permanert subbranches provide the personnel of t cash service for the I oZar ;ins to w .rich they are assigned, while the 7 seasonal subbranches are opened at remote i11.and points to the :`overriraent purchases of agr icult1ral products, ~ take r a . care of 1 ` a and cotton, thereby bringing bhe apparatus pr:t.nc:Lp.~:..~.y U Bank close to the sellers of agricultura~i praduCts. ui? t1LStare These subbranches settle in cash with such sellers. The shave mentioned subbranches do not keep a corllplete system o: accounts but draw u,p d.a 1y statements of receipts and , i disbursements , and account to the State Bank br&tch by which they were dss_gned to theihozorgall or Zagatpunkt. n ~raduall~?~ expanding the network, the State Bank U~7ST~ is 1 ~~ continually i.proving its service to a.7 l branches o:e the national 1 economy. rTIIe operative and settlerncnt relations between the State Bank and the other credit institutions of the USSE ? ,, 3%. - 23 . .n - 7 5 , (J Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R00020006002 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 fV~;f It 31\ . 7 dsb~ax'~~.~sy a,r?e ua?ade;~ the auxa.s~ '~~'he Spetsbanka. and ~~c~st~u dent " S~i~Ze There a.s also the ;a.ndepen da.ctlt~n oi' the S~l~axko7nu a.n ~ is a sto ck co~npan;J. r~c;s~~axbs,nk) which is S~aa-al~ or ~i'areaTrade The carry O are~.~n set~~.ea~nt, 4ua(~ has tI).e unct.a.an a~ caz y he State Bank and the .land,. ~~, ntc,xre ~~,m anve~~tw ~.at.La~as betwcerl ~ p'ex ~. ?~ . a.a~ Gl 1~a d rsavin ;s baflks are descr i be in det rrae;zat bazand t 1,ves to the genex'~.l statGaaexa that the ~I~:. Mere we coa~:i,rae aurae. the ~.an~;-term~ ~ ash and. settlement sexviccs is z' State ~13aa71~ prova.c ..rucJ.~ ~berks,ss~ and the Vzacsl~?~o~'gban~c, acr ' vestment ba~aks, the (cosL ~.n?; ~r~'as ?~ .a.ai ~~, r of C~..eaxa ask J?'.:. paym,cnts i_n cash, 01 by ,y ~. ceptin~; and fers, under their instructions. more , raini~:'7.cd nc;twor}s of a:['~':i.ccs than I~aviaag a cons~_dersy mar ~.ank carra.e s au~ transactiaxa s in r~any the SpPtsb~,nki, the State ~.~ Such ?trans.. ructi oars and for their accOUntse places uzLdcr their a..n,~ t , the crEdit ba~.~- ~ ~ l:i~rlited to the arauxats o . action 7 axe, as a rutia~ Try a number k do counts with the State ]Bank ? antes in the ,,~et,sban ~, ~- the State .~~~.n,k of cases, however, as will be seen in Chapter Xx_, vaunts oother credi'~ a.nstitutians. allows ove:rd,rats an the ac 33 ~2L Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 cl1APrrR Ix ..~~ LANCE SHk~ET OF TIE 3TATh BANK p11 ryryaa nn 11 n T~ATT /~r1 II,~~ ~ .I7 SIT "ICS OF (LI~i~~U ,S~~~AT T~i~f1`~~1 IU.I'11.~A1,~LJ1~ ? r t' Sta~,e Bank ref1.F.~cts c~,c;ax';l.Y, p~~e~ The ba~.ax~ce sheet a~' ~ he ~ . , date, off' i.ts c~pexak~iaas of a c,;a.ven d~ ca.c~ely arid :F.'>.x~.~.~. ?~~xe: coxid~.ta~,on concatructican of the balance sheet Clarity and distin0tne5S in the i ncc not aril.y :Car the State Bank it- self, GxG,G i.n.~r great ~.r~iparLa but a:lao for the exxti'e national ecofarny. T1jjs is linked sank at the present; ti111e y for it with the rate players by' the State .. arid the enter of slzo~r~~~-Lerm cred~.b is not only the bank of a,s,~uc t~hE ~~ranches of tie gigantic sacialM but a~.so cl~;arix~1{; center for all adciiti;ax~.' the State J~3an1~ serves the 1st econarriy of the Uri SR o Try .. Field ~~ the i'lieet thrru~h the rLet,vax^l~ a.f. the Red F1x111~r ~.n action and iets Of:~'icOS, pe1: f Ur111S the cash service for state and local bud~ the ins trl~.ctions and. for the ac coux~~t undertakes ~~rar;.sact~:iaris under t o ' . , vestmei1-t and the sav_Lrl~s barLks, and f the banks for :lone-~G~i ~.r~ arranges settle1fleit.5 abroad ?1ti.11 wank of the State Bank is or- '~',.c opex^ative end ac,c~oui ~ that at the end of every working day every ~;a.n.i~ed in such a way of . State Bak dra;ws up a balance het of inaeperidex~.t a~''~-ce ai the St~ by means of a daily balance sheet rlurnovers and balances Only ~ r is it passible for these offices properly to corLduat, the sub$equent e y clearing or current accalaxxts, pay ope:~~at;~ons y to pay out man J a, make new loans and complete other trans, the orders of khozorgar y, actions R Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 , Cs Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 r~ balance Mlle:? t o:i.' the; ~tatc Banks l~VG o: otl'ier 1.11.. " is dtvtdCd ,Lnto re~aOUrCE:a ,nd liabi.lities. i~esourCG" Cara'tC.~S~~`;~ SGT ~ ~ show trlc c:,la iiCati.c~rl oa' funct,~ cc oacW g to the critc~ri?f o ~ ., 1.'L1oe1d distri )U'Lbir~, tirh ie iiab .1ita.e $ show 'U:lc their . i GC" cl,ass r ' i.on o:G' 'bhc se iund.s by suu,rees ,f'ri~Iil wllich rec& v~eri .~. .h~J . Qcl`~ (:L'oi flat;L~an ) axed de nateca purpo se. Tile cu. 'renthy adoptod sy tern oi' bal.arlceMFJhee't norileclatUre S't of items contain 'bb basic daa~ zl~;cc~a ~:tir~~y or ~l~lle . operative plann::l.x. t. l&r and rc-, u1.at:i.On o1 all ti:1.c actiVitie;3 oJ. the State 13ank, At he ~aarl~.e t rule the b l1.an.Ce sheet of tie State Fai?ik is a rrlo5t oxatx'ol over its cred:i.t, opc;rat~..ve arld ac?- i:rapor't&nt j(~rr;l.ericerlt of e CGiJIll work. The betiance sheet shows the credit i_xlves tirflellts ~7.n` , nlac; b . the .r'a~~ nl., broken don lrl,to departr~ents and brancbes, the d:; conditi.an opast-due; obl:i.;a a,c~ns, the reSO1ar(.e.S oi' the ecorlorl.V ?;.r1 r s etc. Ky the; aid o tie balancewsl1leet -tll; currezit :LI1 CCG1'I.I'lt-i.ng of a1 ~rcl:;C)]1 r is ~~ clleclec~, ..o.:l.~k, furnishes a ver1 :i.~ ct.l.. U~~CZ tiOf 01 tl1C accurac:J w L'bh which bli.e analytic accouLl~? ng has .~f'1Ca1~. boen Carried out. Each independent ofice o:the State; Bank ~., riegional of L :Lice Branch, Rayon Clearing Oi'i'ice, Agency --- draws 77p ik,s o n s arln.a.aal balance sheet. consolidated. annual balance sheets oi' all State Bank of'ices in a 1Lepub1ic, bray or Oblast are pro- espcC;tiVe Regional Oi'f i_ceS controllin; all the of'- pared b , the rl i~.cc~ ~ t ,s an the e territory in question. `T'ile Head C) "f Ice oa` the State prepares the consolidated annual balance sheet for the yank as a Who1C. Bank 35 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Tiii a o ry 'thc State Hank conso1:,..da'te$ in U lln't the aynthetic (acdi.tiv) data on $ ac.V"ity, and rakes aaps 'tl"l, judge tho resu2t"a o ' operat1,uals both of the p x pos;i.1:)1( to C.I. o t11Ces w., i~egi4'.~1< ~a,l O:Li'icer3, ,13rancl'ce ~ , l~a'~Ton ca.eariri 0i':1 ico , 77I r' rl ? 114 a. Y r ~ R A :.er1cies M~ aricl off' tl?ic Bank as a whole: ('ro l tl?e COn5oJ.ic1a'L0d ba1~ ante sheet). A?b tl,.e present t LT(IC the current 'ba1anreMwh30't rlonieclature consists of over 2CIO balance-sheet accounts and 72 nonwbaianceMN sheet accounts. 1.30h balance- sheet and iron-ba1ancewsheet accounts are classi~ J'i.ed into separate sections. There are 28 such sections for balance-sheet account; , and 18 sections 'or non~balaT1Ce'-sleet items iTle balance-Sheet &CCuunts of all scct:i.ons are c1assifiecl hy ecunOII1 C cr uteri a. In other words, each r. oup comprises trans' actions of more or less Sidi 'orn economic content. Section VII o:t' the balance sheet -p ll31ortterrfl credit and settlement operati..ons It ~-i.s in addition, COnSUrUCted according to the government department involved, while ; ectiori XIII -- ttSettleflelyts with Credit Institutions of the USSRIt is in addition constructed accordiinL::: to the correspondent involved, 2 THE CLASSIFICATION OF 1:3ALMMICE-SHEET ACCOUNTS Let us new take up the content o2 blrc balance-street groups, and. consider the detailed criteria of account classi?irati.on ac- ~' ~ ~~ ~ t i ~ i ,t ~ ~~ ~ ~ o ~, 1 J7 4$ ~~ttdti`'r FI yr t k t I+~, l~ i ?(O~r! e~p~7Q a Y~~~ 7y?{,,~ i nstt i a r~, i,,, N ,,~. Y if~~i,~+{~r. r {f f~. 116611 ~?.~1 w t 1 14 an,~~? f t +SI !' 1,E, ~ r" r ~~ V N, '~hY ~ i . y~~$ ( t ~ g P ~7 ( ~ , Ir 7++ ;'+~~, v uq ~ ine mp } l .+ ~y }~ 4~$?~ }~~~r ~~3 ~'", ~t",~4?v1 ti~ S rirrd fi RiP I' f 1')+fyt+ .';:It ri r,?yiF Sri ' ~~ a eS'i~'~,.i1 ~ ~ `.76~ p ~~ ,, y~ ~rySr ~~~t1i6Ai7:~~i~Et;Yt~r+?B~;N1~%f~,PdY'i,{~!5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Cox'cUng to groupe o Carc~~ up :l: of the ba.anceMcheet cornprises? all funds of the State jstetu.tory and reserVe funds, f.~ xed as- .~ar~k, compr:l.S ~~a.n ,...,: eciati0)~ fi d and special funds -M for instance, for sets, to the personfei of State Laii,k Offices for ex:- paying p~'erl~~a.1u~~~Mcel:lent work a,nd.ces in socialist compotltLan. 'ti.3anknotCs p?.aced. in circuiDta.ant' COVs the bankM Gr'o1;ip IJ: rtotes i,3$Ucd bj the State flank. . :C:f,i IlA.cco'unts w:i.tl'i t ie NKF USSR for t'ea6urnotes Group aiiS placid in circul&tiont! reflects the Issue acid circula- ano. cc ~ Lion of treasury notes and fractional cu:crerrc~r, as well wltri he '!KF US} 31 for Calns issued. accounts Group IV tli~ioneta1 T Resources" contains the accot~r1ts record- -Jng the amounts of monetary resources on lzanrl in the cash turn- over ver funds of the tie rion3l Offices, i3ranchcs, Rayon Settlement and also of tl'ie Subbranches of the c)tate :i3ank. It also Cf:Eiccs, '.nc:Ludes the accouzitS in which the amounts of currency shipments a in transit for repleniali11ent1 and withdrawal to and from all such off ice s are entered Group J "preciouS 3Y3etais" is used for the recording of the gold, saver ? and other precious metals belonging to the State c i3ar~. S Group VI " .r'oreigl Currency and Accounts for Forei n Uper - ationa~t contains all of the accounts recording; foreign currency; are sor; nags In foreign currency, payable abroad) f'~.gn bills (prom~.sY Co ,, c, to C C) I' f I d 1 ' 10 (". 7 1 I t (I l ,S ~~kyN~~iS~ ~i vti~?,r ' ,. i nif'u (l ,t'~ ? ?; i i c Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ,, .. , Ica .~L1r ~ CL17.~'E~.1`1`t ac CQ1:11't.i and dl;pU~.'till o roil aid .1:'c1:4'ta :1.11 .'~ G, ti W,l'! :L'U1:'~:; :i.g11. banks i..1]. :C.'Or(~:LL'l' a axlCi, ~`~GGU1lTa'"~ foreign C'la:~Z'ex1G;;j; - and 'i.o itiCCU11l' ;I"~1 ~tLC~ :Coreign t' E fer5 za]~ , a ~:)GV'~.,e`t CllI'~''l;I]C';~ j l1CTpc j'ox(~:i. 11 cll.1'1' 111c "` \J?'th c1ie1V'I;3 - . '1~-' ''?~-~Lez'irt (;:r'c,d~.'I:, ~~rla c,~.eaxry:i~]~ (x~:'oup V:C:L ~.a11(a'x L 1 ccourlca~~ (rlljexpx~~.,~es ~tl]E: C~.@a;l'111fa! ~.a1111 ~11~1C1 f,l:ll':I'~ll'la `~' .l.Ucl11 ~C., `" Cllr )cl LlilC11,b a1`ld OZ'~!;J1]:L%c1'U1.U:1'15 - 1ie loan s Glr1.d :L11.a tl tu~tiolh, 1 ., , . ,, hi riot $, (1(? :l.1(11ida] o2 ho1:t tex~ /~ C 1,)111.. ~~ z~ e ~' 3 p ~'r'x1d c~~~'tilol~rt aecou1i't5 z~'ccaz'd 'the r4;)~?dlle~) , '~nri]wLIC the) CI~,~C,x ]_? ~n~tc~' )z'.s~,, ~~r]cl ax'~;ar]:i..~a~ disposable :u :LOrIS as &-? 3s the se utleillel'1'tS i)etwecrl t,ht~1110 In ?tl1:1 S rou.) o.ti1t; bcllafCe ,ieet, C` c, i.) c~ ,:'t aeCCftUT 5 UCc 1"1OCi 1UI' t1iu c1er1)riSC.S o1 ea d1]C,E~~llr~, t 'b1 ~lx'J.1, t~ c(~;CCJ11t]~, ~~ accU't111't~., c1eG ? Ncll',1Gill1't ; One ~~ ~.1,~.lIJ..I. ~l J _~:, ~ ,? acc;ol111t ~.. 1,c',a,1] ac;COunt, ar .i.n5t~.tace; c171C~ 1:1.1e ~. x'u`~~ t1Z (.~. tcrpr`? ses the Fo~nat oa' tii;av`,I. I'4;oi:1J.i'l.(; Il il`1 1~ cl1:'l: ` c Counts 11 and ( G ) c co unt No 3 9 !Mlberpx'15 es f' 11 ea i~laC line 1.3u:LJ_d1ngM Loall ACCOLlfl'tS'; oi: the Naz'lc.o~rt7,t o ~ , o ,; r~ta~s of the i\arLonla~t(: or '.~a~ta.a.or (l } ~,~:coLlrl't !`Jo ~ . 't1`l,'px ~,.~ ? ,-' ;cuLlIl~ts 11 and (2) ~~ ccour~'t ~'.~~So ~3 11~]dLts ~Ix'y: (~.Le~.I l.n~~~ ~ ?"t jl 1d1.1S'tx'V ; Loan 1~c c;a ur1-',~~ - " E :~ r'a o? 't1~1~; NG~~:'~~allla'k, of b he Ce 5~~lee~t also :'L1~lclL~deS ~tiTte accounts Group VII Bank! s c~.~ac1~.t and se~,t1e1Y1e11, sor`-i.c? for -t~]a't xa~'l~.c~hl the ~'tat~ vyZ~-, as &ll as the cur- of the ~KSa, t,ra~.aspo~'~, for enterprises ~~a~ta:ons -~ha`t do x1o t ~-lavo c~.eax~xlg or lat~ln :r~ez:~~ ac coLLr1`~s .a.:, a r~,a11:L epublic. and. pra~.'es,:i.ollawl nr~;ani- ac~oun~~a, such as, for ~.n~~anc , ,a,F'ic~'ot~~~r}4, ~uCltrl`~QV' R a .rule, t~,o bal Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Group IX tiLetters of Credit and other settlement operations" includes all the accounts recording entries for letters of credit issued, for special freight 4urnover accounts, for' ]invited check- books and for certified checks; unpaid transfers are also recorded Group VIII "Past-due obligations to the Bank" records the in~ t debtedness on short-term loans which were not met at maturity and were accordingly transferred from the corresponding loan accounts of Group VII; it also includes interest due to the bank (billed but not yet received from the clients). in this group. enterprises. nations the Gosstrakh and a few other organizations not occupied with productive or trading activities. This group also includes the deposits of military personnral and of private persons. This group of the balance sheet is one of the most important, since on the whole it reflects the activity of the State Bank as the institution for short-term credit, the clearing center and the accumulator of monetary resources. The classification of accounts in this group by the cri- terion of departmental subordination is of great importance, inas-much as the credit plan of the State Bank is constructed on this basis. The fulfillment of this plan is verified by the aid of the balance sheet. Group ,X "Financing of Capital Repairs" contains all the special accounts for the capital repairs of industrial and other (~~!;~lY~l1~y ~111~~~4II^'1 +I i ~I'I~ ~!IA;., ,n~ lI r~tt~ ~,2 ~ t 4'b a\4,h~d~l)i lIyl4l,~1, A''f4M1~)ci ~7r1 11~hyy~1}yt}YfRl~ tint i l) f e rr ' l1 f . , i !' I p,1,ir~I~~.CY~h{~YI~tl9044~~y rdM1 (fit(?ti~~q;ja 1A~ar~ua l{If~~ rll EvUr r``4M1 V~Vp}r\~}tl~ !~2~,E Yqf i1;fi4SPI.u'~'Hyl ~~h~~y,;Y 11~~yr a~no ~'7~ 4h r9 nh. '~~.~~~$ u'd0 h~.! cJ U I `10 ! 1 ~irr it d l~; ) l ~ ?t r9~ll Pd A'l~ b) ~r'~vrN , .Declassified Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release _se _ 2012J03/28 IA-RDP82-00039R00 in 6 ,0. ,~rts'4 a Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 with the budget and budgetaxy in~ Group ~ "Settlements ance_sheet accounts xecarding the stitutivns" combines the bal union budget, the budgets of the recei is and expenditures of the p rau contains union republic S and the local budgeter The same g p of institutions existing on the union, all the current accounts republican and local budgets, together with them" deposits. Group V11 "Other accounts with the NK~' USSR" contains ac- with the NK~ USSR in connection with counts reflecting settlements ~tals accounts with reference to the the purchase of precious m 9 ? Dods values for the account of the union revaluation of matera.al-g ttlements with the NKF USSR. budget, and other se Group X11I Accounis with credit institutions of the USSR" n for service by the State Bank to the indi- , reflects the accounts vidual long'-term investment banks, Vneshtargbank, pawnshops and the GU trudsberkassy. A separate bolance-?sheet account is opened for each of the credit institutions in this group, except the Sel'khoZbank, which Yns three: one for the funds for non repayable financing (grant7, one ~? for the s of the kolkhoxes, and one for other ? ~.ndiv3..s~ble fund transactions. Group XIV "Transactions for accounts of the Agricultural Bank" is carra. ?ed to handle the transactions performed by the State Bank an the ?ans of the Selkhozbank and for its account ~.nstructa~ in cities where the latter has no office. Group XV rrAccounts for Third-party Funds" is set up to 0 Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 I i) of special (third-party) counting of soma and funds handle the ac xanted far account of such .,..~.1' purposes, and also loans g funds and sums. Gr e~ antains the accounts in . oup xVl "Debtors and Creditors c d.itoxs and accountable which transactions with var1ou-~ debtors, cxe belong account No 'fib "Re persons are recorded. To this group he b~;,shment of assets and liabilities of evacuated offices of est State Bank', No 2~7 "Amour Of turnover cash on hand remaining evacuated from the pones of 'lita~ operations", and account m i un obli ations past due by reason of occu- No 2~8 "interest due on g pation" (far details on these accounts see Chapter XV). J and capital stock" records the Group STIT "Shares 'n the statutory Capital funds of investments of the State Bank i b way of the acquisition of shares enterp~ses and institutions y or capital stock therein. Group XVIII Mutual settlement5" embraces the group of ~ ' ffice settlements resulting from the accounts which reflect inter-o ntercity instructions of clients of execution of infra-csty and i . the bank, or other transactions connected with the receipt of pay- other offices of the State Bank. ments of funds through ozraschet enterprises of the Group ~x 'rAccounts with Kh . funds invested an khazrasahet State Bank" reflects the total . subsidiary State Bank,.. such as, for instance, enterprises of the farms, restaurants, garages, etc. , Group, U "FSxE capita1 resources of the. Bank" contains the .:.. , r~~ A?1hi~~l~'4`;~Jt >4>.J1.hi~PVl;lIO~~siSGRiP6kii1f1~dS~:irv ryf{ hhirtk n ili~bS~~It~:d~, hiif h'd fnjFlle.r.. 4 i ,l f',;! +iki4~G.A i:r 1 i , i i45 / .I 1 . ,i t?i', Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 and building inventory of the accounts on which the buildings bank are carried. XXI ttDepreciation of fixed assets" is used to record Group of the bank. buildings and building inventor' the depreciation of axes on leased bank px~em~.sesr~ Group XXII 'Capital expendit cords the amounts of capital investment in buildings leased by re the bank capital investment by the State Group XxIZI ~Accpunts for recording the amounts for financing Baer conte.ins the accounts , system of the State Banks the expen~~ capital. investment in the vestments and the receipts from Lures for completed capital ~ the liq is (building inventory etc.) uidatinn of capital assets , Group XXIV "prepaid expenses" includes accounts recording .,.~.,,,n+s expended by the bank fluxing the current year on items i nt future years (cost of fuel stocked up for e chargeable to hd etc) heating seasons operati material purcase,. ~ r,rrnln XXV "Bank income and, expense" embraces the accounts State the financial results of the activities of the reflecting ? d to the special accounts of the State Grou'q XXVI 19 assigns ? of their extremely, liml.ted apPli"" k ,~ +h the NKF US5R n view Bati XXVI and XXVII are not carried inthe balance-Sheet cation, Groups Declassified Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 he settlements with the natior~lized banks to accounts reflecting '~ and Estonia (before the establishment of the in Lithuania, Latvia and Estoi)ian SSR). Group XXVIII contains the Lithuanian, Latvian accounts recording the operations of State Bank offices in which dc.ng the accounting records were not preserved, owing to military oper-? ations. (For details see Chapter Xv)j This is the content of all groups of balance sheet accounts. CLASSIFICATION OF NON_BALANCE-SHAT ACCOUNTS 3. oni-balance sheet accounts, lake those of the balance The n sheet, are divided into groups according to the criterion of uni- f ormity of the valuables and documents involved. (The non-balance- "accounts kept by the Ihozorgany, with the sheet ., p . .. that the latter are kept on a double-entry basis, while difference the former, in the interests of simplicity and economy, are only single-entryj Group I r~Collateral" is used for recording the notes of clients covering short-'term credits, and also those covering van-' ous balance-'sheet accounts. Group II " Reserve and fractional currency stocks" (The . word "stack" is uedto avoid confusion with the statutory reserve ~ , fund (a balance-sheet account on which the cover for the note issue is carried) . The balance-sheet accounts in this section,however, P ` l thP19Y~~i'~Ift~~A D~.. ~~`ryt.!rR 1~7~6^ :r ~r.. ~7liM'.1~~if~4.~'h d ~' ~ I P. ~ I ~. ,~ A nY N 1. J ~A ~HI v. ~.~~:AAI'd711 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Coy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~qh Il,li+ rr; 1 ~~.. t lipf~l,?mr *~ vJ~r!~f)>.~ I'~ie! dl qJS ~d~ ~usT !i'h Nj1 Jr o "e dI1;.~Yr I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 sisal notes and coins held aut of , aircialstion ~ the cover the phy al Offices, ~hiah have no financial significance anti varI.ous legion w bank notes and treas3'' oncentrates,.all the acaol~nts an hich issue c notes with fractional currency, in the rew are carx~.ed' together shi mu of serro'e and fractional currency stacks or in transit (p authori~za? stocks). The same group records n3?8hment currency' reple apaches to transfer paper cur Lions to the Regional Offices and Br i E. to place cm..th.e stacks to turnover cash, . rency and cu~~~s ~. it .. currency in circulation. ants received for collectionts Group IlI "Settlement locum documents received for collectian tams the accounts that, record co n ablishrnents at the place the clew ng (an co.ssian) by bank eat ounts of the payers are maintained, and also settlement and other acc forwa,rdto the bank and accept documents for foreign operations for collection Group IV "Depasltary accounts in various branches" combines inl such valuables as revenue stamps, the accounts carrying ma Y r Brofmarki, etc? radeuniQn dues stamp ~ . Group V +~Valuables for Saf ekeep~.nB the State Bank from Kho~obganYs valuables accepted for saf ekeeping by enterprises and institutions. Grau VI "Various documents and valuables" contains accaunt p aluables, for ingtan ce correspo~ ecording ghat are termed transit v . r ? , received but not yet processed correspondence ~d valuables paid for but not y ence ~Lth currency et de-packages x~i.th declared value; Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 livered; other valuables and documents flat carded in other non" baianee'sheet accounts. for accounts of foreign correspondents" Group VII "G'uarantees Head Office of the Bank and records the secur- is kept only at the es and guarantees given on such accounts. 1ti Group VIII and valuables at various State Bank u nts ~ocume offices ox with correspondents" consists of a number of accounts. One of them -- "Bills, drafts, and commodity documents with foreign on the Bead Office balance sheet. correspondents" -_ is found only at the various State Bank offices and shag the The others are kept documents and valuables forr'arded to other State Bank offices. "Debts written off, and collateral covering them" Group IX debts already charged off to losses (covered by is used to record profits), and collateral covering them, as well as collateral f Or debts to be written off at the close of the current fiscal year. Group X "Documents for transactions for account of Selkhoz-- bank" contains the accounts recording the obligations of guarantee amount of credits opened for the account of the Sel'khoZ- for the bank, and of the periodical obligations on long-term loans of the Sel khozbank, as well as debts written off for its account and securities covering such debts. Group XT "Letters of credit for payment" records letters of credit issued by establishments of the State Bark that ser,.v? sup- pliers. 45 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ate budget credits" records credits opened for Group XII ' "State the union and republic budgets. Group XIII "B1ank forms of strict accountability" shows checkbooks and deposit books, together with receipt books for the night subbranches of the State Bank. Groups XIV and SV are carried to record the valuables and documents received by the State Bank from the nationalized banks on territories that have entered the Soviet Union since 1929? Groups XVI and XVII reflect losses suffered by the Bank on account of the war. Group XVII serves to record the standard certificates, food cards, manufactured goods cards, and equivalent cards, issued to the Bank personnel. This, in brief, is the content and the principles of classi- fication of the noh~balance-sheet accounts in use at the present time. 14. BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACOODUNTS. Nt I BERING OF THE ACCOUNTS . FORM OF THE BALANCE SHEET. The balance-sheet accounts of the State Bank are kept by doable entry and are subdivided into resource, liability and ac- counts alternatively resource and liability. II`'`I`, ' ' F,. k >u1 ~ .~Yx y ~,~ The resource accounts have only debit balances, and the liability accounts have only credit balances. r (rl I?I i M1 ry5% P1 i~ i1r Qhin ,~ 1~pp~ v,~ ~rU ?e1 ? ?; ~ r.x. P'rrSfr.e oQ: F~~l I~: lJUL Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82 00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 The State Bank keeps all its non-balance-sheet accounts by ? showing addit~.onsp wa.thdxawals and balances single entry, that is, Each group and each account is designated by its own assigned nlunber. It must be noted in this connection t hat al- Dante are numbered in simple serial order, though the State Bank acc ? not rigidly followed in the current bat - this numbering system 1s 's that the accounts were numb~'ed ance-sheet nameClature. The reason 1 as early as 1932? Since then a number of them have been closed,. 4 . s ' transferred from one group to another, replaced by new accountS, ~ interfered to some extent with the serial etc.. All these changes numbers. In.19b0 the content of the groups order of the. account was again reviewed, and all of ahem. were renumbered (in serial,. 47 ~, resource and liability, such a$s The accaun~ts alternat~.vs Y or example, the int?rhand settlement accounts (except the accounts aced in circulation" and "Settlements ++Settlements for currency pl for currency withdra~n from circulation" .) are callected in Group "mutual settlements" and may pass from XUTIx of the balance sheet resource to liability, dependi~ on whether their balances are debit or credit. Some resourceorliability accounts, for instance account ? -? No 22~ +,Unrecanv t+, No 266 "items not reconciled by ~.la~~E'0 ite~ n current year", No 210 "Other debtors ice entries du~`?~. g Head Off both resource and liability accounts at the and creditors"= may be are shotim on the balance sheet in the so- same time, since they se stately for resource and liability called, expanded form. C p side Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 order). As for the accounts, it was recognized that any revision of the numbering system would be inexpedient, inasmuch as the bank personnel and clientele had grown accustomed to the established ac' count numbers, and to change them, in view of the large number of accounts, would involve considerable practical difficulties, es- pecially in the employment of that portion of the balance sheet used for recording short 4erm credit and settlement operation. (Group VII). For this reason it was decided to be content, for the time being, with the violation of the serial principle in the numbering of a few Groups. For instance, in the first group "Funds of the State Bank", the accounts are numbered 1, 2, !, 21i.2 and 3, while the next group -- II - "Banknotes in circulation i ac- count No 5. In practice the numbers of the balance sheet accounts are coribined with the numbers of the individual accounts of the clients. For this purpose the number of the individual clearing or current account of the client is added to the number of the balance-sheet account, giving a five-or six-digit combination, of which the first two or three designate the number of the balance"'sheet account and the three following digits the individual account number. For in- stance, if the balance-sheet account, in combination with the ana- ly-tical account (the detail clearing account of the client) is de- signated by the number. 28021, this indicates: 38: balance sheet account "Enterprizes of Narkomtyazhmasma -- clearing accounts";? 021 werial number of detail account of"Krasniy Proletariy" ma.- chine construction plant. . Or, for instance, No 1821!xl. Here to first three digits Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 balence~sheet account "Enter- ~,cate tl~? numbex of the 182 ind ... cleaing accaun ~ omat o au'bamobtle transport prises of Nark ~, suto~,Qbile ? umber of a detail account for while 1)41 a.s the n plants ants conventio~l nating clients' loan ~tcco , one or two si d g e n I digs The first of these indicates is are added at the left side. ~ ed in the the second (which is only' add the nature of the loan, while case of planned loans) shows the number of the group in the static- . St designating the purpose of tics/ scheme by br.:nches of indu rY number of the detail loan account in the loan. In these cases the sheet account number consists, of combination with the balance seven digits Thus, No 1029021 means : 1, form of loans in this ttlement documents en route; 429: articular case, loan against se p -~ a t account "Enterp -sec of NarkomtyZbnasha number of balance~shee loan accounts"; 021: serial number of detail loan account for the above. It may be remarked in this connec~ same plant mentio~d account of a client always has the same Lion that the detail loan number as its clearing aCCOUnt. Individual accounts covering past-due loans also have seven- b oanvent~.on~ the first figure digit numbers, but in this ease, y ates -the number of the indi- as a nq-r, Thus, Na 9029021 design xs alw y . made to the "Krassniy proletary" vidual account for past-due loans which belongs to the Narkomt~~hmash machine construction plant, system. ablishmts that use machines to handle xn State. Banff est 11 49 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Co A roved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 pY pp Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 their analytic accounting, the combination of figures is and is someRhat different. The balance sheet of the State Bank, in contradiatinction itutions and enterprises, is drawn up every to those of most inst form with two sides, but on one with only a single day, and not on a side. As is generally known, on the two sided form of balance resources and liabilities are shown on the opposite sides sheet the same table. The one-sided form is used, in practice, in two of the j vara.ants; the first arranges the accounts in sequence, one after t a other first the resource accounts and then the liability ac~ the , counts while the other uses what is termed mixed grouping, in , which the resource accounts alternate With the liability accounts, and the partial sums of these two groups are placed from hn to time in separate columns for resources a nd liabilities. Since 1920 the State Bank has used the second variant of the one-sided balance sheet. Before that the balance-sheet tabulation two sides. The resource accounts were placed on the was divided into left side, and the liability accounts on the left. The shift to the 'one-sided form was caused by the steady growth, from year to year, of the number of accounts in the balance-sheet nomeclature of the State Bank and the necessity for repeating a large number of titles of sections and accounts alternatively resource and liability on both sides of the balance sheet. Use of.the one-side form eliminated the need for this repetition. Besides - and this was the principal con- sideration under the conditions of the State Bank ?- it was possible 50 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 together the resource and lability accounts in this way to ~'ouP of a ent, while with the two'-side form, he ~,m3.lar econo~.c content, resource accounts relating to a given econo mac classification had to be looked for on the left-hand pages of the balance sheet, while accounts belonging to precisely the same classifica~ the .liability Lion had to be looked for on the rights-hand pages which would un~ . doubtedly make it more djult to study the balance sheet if the f f i c norneclature included a large number of accounts. shall not stop here to consider the separate accounts We that enter into the various groups of the balance sheet. They should be studied in successive order as the corresponding opera- Lions are taken up in the separate chapters of this course. The of this chapter has been to furnish an introduction to the task general principles of classifications of accounts in the balance sheet. 51 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 U ' CHAPTER III SYNTHETIC AND ANALYTIC ACCOUNTING 1. THE TASKS OF SYNTHETIC AND ANALYTIC ACCOUNTING A. For liabilities: classified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Ar rc For the Resources: Y ~ +,po4 u% U U'k44,~/,U ~JU'~"5, yy Synthetic, or, in other words, summarizing, generalizing, combinatorial accounting has for its task the representation in concise form, by means of consolidated index numbers expressed in a single monetary standard, the economic work of a given socialist enterprise or organization; synthetic accounting gives a general picture of the financial position of an economic unit, the degree to which the plan established for it has been fulfilled and the financial results which it has attained. In the State Bank, the synthetic accounting has the concrete purpose of displaying, in summary form: Capital resources of the bank; circulation; cash collections of the receipts side of the budget; funds belonging to Khozorgany and brought into the bank; settlements with Spetsbanki and foreign banks; income of the bank; mutual (interbranch) settlements;contingent liabilities by the bank for guarantees issued and paper accepted by the bank in connection with foreign trade. monetary resources; securities and valuables; cash disburse- menu of the expenditures aide of the budget; funds placed by the bank in short.-teroperations; accounts with Spetsbanki d foreign banks; mutual (interbrsnch) accounts; cont1nent Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 of debtors on guarantees 1.ssued and paper liabilities accepted the bank in connection, w,~th fore~.gn trade. by th , ,, supplementaxy task of the synthetic accounting arose by reason of the war: the determination, in summary form, of the ac- counts covexing the operations of State Bank establishments in which the accounting records were not preserved. In addition the synthetic accounting yields a series of other accounting. indices that cannot be included in the system of the balance-sheet accounting (sines they do not form part of the re- ... sourc~.and liabilities of the bank). These constitute what is called the non-balance-sheet accounting. securities and valuables not belonging Such items include. bank ...serving as security, forwarded on comma ssian, or to the deposited for safekeeping; reserve stocks of banknotes, treasury notes and coins; moveable valuables of the State Bsnk and its clients debts written off and collateral for them; state budget ? , credits, etc. The losses of the bank due to the war were also reflected '~ nary form in the non-balance-sheet accounting. in sumr But in addition to the sumriary, composite data, it is also . necessary tohave more detailed information on the activities of . the bank . This information is obtained by means of the analytical . accnunting, the task of which is the detailed breakdown of the synthe- t accounts, and their distribution into partial tic balance sheet} accounts, ref1act1ng, for example, the loans granted to each separate 53 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82 000398000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 available ftiuids placed at the B~mk's disposal by each client, the client, etc. The distinction between synthetic and analytic accounting is graphically portrayed by the comparison of any of the balance- sheet accounts of the State Bank with the detail accounts related same balance-sheet account. For instance, the balance-sheet to the, account n Enterprises of the People's Commissariat of Textile Ins dustry clearing accounts" belongs to the synthetic accounting. This balance sheet account shows the total amount in the clearing accounts of the State Bank for the textile enterprises. The separ-? ate detail accounts opened by the enterprises of the People's Coin-' missariat of Te?tile Industry --' for instance, the "Krasnaya Rogan textile mill the "Tekhnotkan" mill., etc. -?- belong to the analyti?- cal accounting, which breaks down the above synthetic account and itemii ze$ it in detail. The synthetic accounting, in reflecting, in composite form, the dynamics and statistics of a given socialist economy, should, as has been mentioned above, utilize the only generalized standard of meas- urement, namely the money index. The analytic accounts, in reflect- ing each separate operation in all of its details, furnishes detailed information on that operation not only in financial terms, but also, where necessary, in naturq~ (quantitative) indices as well. Thus, , for. instancea the transactions involved in buying and selling foreign { currency will be reflected, in the synthetic accounting, in a single nionetar standard, namely in nobles and kopeks of . value for foreign r ,, ~' ; "~ ~~ cn?.. 3.-?,~~c n : 0 4~~9'~~t~idt? ' ~ ..,.4{, ~ a ~',~, r,l ~ , c ti .,.,t v ~, ? ~ 1 ,,IM1~+, uc~ 7, i. t} r 4y. r;i,l, C4 r~ v 7 1"t' ' Ys RI 6}i~f r .`~n},Fau~,rvl6vnik~r,,arJ+Y.. r,.. 1., :~ ~, '~' ~~~~, i r.1 2rcr Ip/,,,4~Irl,~"t~,yf !?Y~fyl p? r1. ?GYi~6} tr~d n~ ~asr,,~yy n ?1,4~~,,..d t;, t6r~,r ~,~" `" y~~ h Yd "~ ' '~ 'd ,? ~ ~T,'~ ~ ..,~i i! 7~ r ~' r f~ dtd I ~~t~'~{.,1~ta + ka,a~~, .,.,4 , ~~. ~ r~:;~mr! 4i~ r;~~d~. f (1 1+ Y~ t, 9 d f? l~i z v-?' 4 t "?' 4 h r ,h!)Yf4 ~", Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027 5; Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 curranoY bought and sold; but in the analytic accounts-ng the kind of foreign currency (dollars, francs, pounds sterling, etc.) and their respective amounts (number of dollars, francs, pounds, etc.) will also be shown. On the bads of the data of synthetic and analytic ac- toanting, both a general idea of a given econorTY and detailed in- formation about it may be obtained. 2. SYNTHETIC ACCOUNTING As is generally known, synthetic accounting is realized by means of chronological and systematic entries. The chronological entries are made in the general journal. bakhgalterskiy zhurnag. (It would probably be more accurate to render this by 19journal-ledger" since, though no separate general (like US banks) ledger is kept, the combined jour- nal and ledger in the usual progressive (Boston) form is generally kept in the State Bank. Egch transaction taken separately is as a rule entered as completed. In the interest of practical convenience, however, the record of each transaction is kept in a separate jour-' nal the cash-book) from which the sums of the turnovers arranged by the corresponding accounts are transferred to the journal at the close of the day. The characteristic feature of the journals used in the State is not only that they show the 'ransactions in chrono- logical order (which is basic) but also that they classify opera'- Lions of similar nature by the separate balancesheat or non-bat- ante-sheet accounts. This structure of the journals makes it j Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 possible to prove the analytic accounting against the journal turn" avers and obtain the data necessary for the turnover reports. The systematic entry in the State Bank is concentrated in the proof sheets. orotnaya Vedomostj In contrast to the a' ournals, the proof sheets show the totals of all similar trans'- actions, arranged by balance'-Sheet and non~balancewsheet accounts, for the entire day (in the case of daily proof sheets), for the entire month (for monthly proof sheets), or for the whole year (in annual proof sheets). The new balances for each balance- sheet and non balance-sheet account are also brought down in the turnover reports., Journals in the State Bank are kept in the checkerboard or the American form. Lee form on following pager 5s Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Number of Credit designation count Debit or ac.. charged Amount (1) (2) ttCashtt 3,600 Contra MFO entries for current year" 9,000 ttEnterprises of ivrarkorat ekst it t -~ Baring ac-- cl o countstt 8,000 "Enterprises of i- arkomtekst~l T3 loan ac counts 'l3 , 000 Total 33,600 T OF 1 M O k JOUI N L FORM CHECKERBOARD Ac c ttNnter~rises of ? . - oun t 1t~~FO "Enterprises ~ ~ _larko~tp~.shc'nenrom initiated ~ _nt ti ~- z a., ~n -`- clearing during cur- Account ~zbAn :. accounts ~ " clearing accounts ,~ , Cash _rent years No Amount N j ount No Amount No Amount s,ooo 5 3,000 1 1,000 (6) 3 500 3,000 - 1,000 - 500 _ 5,000 - as 29 co1L>lnnS. them may Tr be as uan~ -, columns are shorn in this tablee In practice T or simplicity only 10 n ~ 1 . ~- transactions are fo ~;rst -~ entered er~:d the cash book, from >ra In ractl ~ which the tals above, cash t1nan 'ce, as has been mentioned . practice, arranged ,ary card for each balance-sheet account is .. fled remains for the controller to verify whether in, and it only xemaa. t the account balance carried forward to he following day has been correctly rooted, that is, whether it results from the opening bat - 10 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Coy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 all the errors that have been allowed to occur and jointly deter- mine the guilty parties. The chief bookkeeper makes sure in this the bookkeeping section confirms and recognizes its mis- way that take. The customers' staffels and the customers' account sheets made up by hand are returned to the operative brigades before the begirina.ngof operations. The controllers of these brigades must . check the' agreement of the balances. shown by the staffels or cus- tomer-account sheet$ with those on the balance control sheet, before , . operations commence. Only after this has been done can the opera- 4,DYr.. ",~wv6a ~4xr~',v~yyr ~~,p[i;!' ,.;,.,~w~,. ~,,~~"'^'sni}u tir';~rP4~ c,r~W.?rl y??niay' .~ t ,n~ '" nk il.,,ty,~t ?... k d~,;3i ~~i +{A9..191.f~ ~y~tr4~.'r Ar ~~,~t.,4 yP~,[ { [pEir,~~h4 4. 7~"r~J~. ti`fky~r~J~ulp ird~';E4~4 7~, irl a4 ~f plf {r+; ,~.i i~, ~(~~i.~~~l.?~'.,!il !~~ r,? pi I ~'!ir l ,?i"~j, ~ n 4(~i. i~~ I'~`~~ f~ 4 .. I rl ,'i iri fp, i~~(o ln,rMF ~1Rt?4 }t~~(,E~>(1V,.ry. SP t, ?~ A r t,~q~~ ~ r, #, ~ t i ~ ~ ~, , ~ rtk ~(~I 1 ~ r.g rl~;~~ 1 dS i . v' ai ,1 Nor ~ t>,~ C'1 ~5~,. tyi ~ft",,p, yy~t y~t1l~ ~kq, ~ 4~C+A,&4q>IYv".'~w~~')Ck'~~~~~~~~, 0"'a ~~u~~~'~'.Wi?r,~`~~t~1~`,~J.r.?`r~,9lifl~3~~kM~ ~~IkR?8dS515~'44Ck~,9d1W~?"~, ~,^y ,.ii~iaS,~~4.1",rr,i~'~t~br(.~~,ad~~~~r`r~i,+itlt ,p~?tti4,M Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 once or the tven day taken togethex with the turnovers during f g the day. For accounts that are not posted by machine, the book- keepers take the total turnovers from each customer's account. hen footed again on the 'WSW machine fox each These totals are t balance-sheet account. The controller of the rnachins accounting section enters the turnover figures for each balance-sheet account on the summary oard for that account and compares them with the figures shown by the ~'. journal. Any discrepancies found must be eliminated and their causes established. fa.cate the bookkeeping section and the chief bookkeeper elucidate A special certificate is made out in two copies for each between the journal and the operative staffels or the discrepancy tornerst account sheet not processed by machine. In this certi- cus tions of the new day be posted. After the controller of the machine accounting section has filled out all the swimary cards of the balance"-sheet accounts, he has only to make sure that the grant total of all posted debits agrees with that of all posted credits. For this purpcs e the debit and credit turnovers are separately footed on the" DSM" machine for all balance-sheet-account summary cards (printing account numbers and amounts). The totals of these two separate footings must corn- . pletely agrees If such agreerilent is no+ shown, it is nocessary to find and eliminate all discrepancies and errors. 't'his fre- quently proves to be a laborious and time-consuming task which de- lays the preparation of the balance-sheet. The daily proof sheet is prepared from the summary cards for the balance-sheet accounts, checked by collation with those cards and signed by the chief bookkeeper. 111.. USE OF ACCOUNTING ANALYSIS MACHINES The production of the most complex accounting analysis ma.- chines has been fully mastered in the USSR. All the component parts of the complete set of machines for this purpose are manufactured here -- card-punch, verifier, sorter and tabulator. The card punch I is a machine by which punched cards are prepared from the usual bookkeeping documents. These are special cards on which all the p,Y~G'dlW' necessary data are, expressed by perforations at certain places instead ofd" figures. A card-punch is shown on Figure h, and a puziched card on Figure !. , Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ified in Part - Sanitized Co cankly inereaSeu. xd. Bch o~ S p)art ~a.gure ~ ~p.7) Ca p rack for blame cards. ii 'jReceiva.ng 2. F;ure keyboard. 3 ? Key for sgle passage of card. in 4. Punched cards. pexfaratar carriage. 6. Frame or model o~ punched card. test the accuracy of the verifier is a machine to The the cardwpcu~oh but only puts its pins ?ur~.chin~? lt_ resembles ...,..... ...... _.. ,,... , ,.. M ~ Therefore i without p l through the hales in the card verifier stops a ed in the wrong place, the a hole has been punch ' naccuracY of the punchang? thus signalling the 1 icated, highspeed machine, ter (figure 6) is a coY~~pl The sax handl1n~r c d distributes cards an hour. It sorts an about 2~,000 , , ~ . ched ca either mechanically by cards into predetermined groups, pun or el~ectricallY~ U h the hales in the cards, passage of pins thro g by assa?ge of an electric current through the same hod-es. ,l p ., is a ,till more coxnpli- e tabulator (figure ?) Finally th tints the lnd~-ces. als the sorted cards and p Gated macY~ine that tot roducti~tY is Subtotals and, tot' Its p an them, together with likewise enormous. al tic used afl1.y in the cent~'a~-.. calculatinb machines are . An Y z 1 etene s s and ve~- their help the depth, comp ied procedure. ~l~ith ..,the accow.ltng date. can be s~.gnifi it of the processing of 1achines sate - - Y of these n Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 111 Th( collossal 'praducti~'-tY Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 44 lows perforrnance off' a large volume of accounting work and ser- vicing vicing even the largest of?ices of the bank. [ fee Figure (page 8) The scheme of the ached Card p r c., ~4 , ~i j on the " page]. Figure 6 (page ~9) Sorter 1. Motor 2. Compartraents :Cor sorted cards Feed magazine for cards...... .. )4. Commutator for cutting out invididual compartments. The documentation and document routing is the same with analytic calculating rra chines as it is with centralized machine accounting. ttDetail account positions" are kept in the opera- tive brigades together with the staffels. After each operations such positions, which are kept separately by the bookkeeper and controller, show only the new balances (positions). The punched cards required for machine posting to the detail accounts are prepared from the original bookkeeping documents (first copies). These punched cards are sorted and tabulated but according to both account debited and account credited. Punching is the slowest process and absorbs the most labor. 0 percent of all the expense of running analytic calculating machines is attributable to this item. The data on the turnovers and balance of each account is punched on separate cards, from which detail account sheets, journal; proof sheet position sheets, 113 coo Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ? sheet a.nteres~tMntivnber skeet and uin~i~.ar cash~p~.anM~u~.allment ~ she&ts are prepared. The pra.ntI1g of e,ccounta.g docur-its and the journal, wider this procedure, does not take place si.ratl~ that of the detail-account sheets, as is the case ta~~eous~.y with 'ghat s are used, but in separate processes. when bookkeeping machixie Figure 7 (p? 60) The Tabulator 1. Main motor. Lever for automatic starting of main motor. 2. 0 s~.n~; 3 . Le.GT.r ~ for o* a,,tnmatiC tart of auxiliary motor. Dever for grand totals. ~, Lever for subtotals. 6. printing the values of each card in the six Lever for ~ calculating sections. 7. Maa a motor starttg button. 8. Stop button. 9. Auxiliary motor stop button. 10? Card feed. 11. Cornmutation plate. 12. Shift lever for printing tb.e indices of each card or the totals. 13 ? Printing m echani sm. l4. Registers. iS. Am iliary motor. ::::..::,, .:.:: , Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CUAPTE1:t Tv pKENCIa '5 OF UOCU1E1T ON DOCU ? ,NT J9UT1NG ANU INTF,N& CONTO~ 1 . THE GENE CONCEPTS OF BA1 NG UOCUM NTATb0N counting work of any enterprise The The correct operating and ac or considerable extent on the quality of an institution depends to a or anization of the docentout:~ng d the doc~amentat~.an, the g The rapidity and ef'ficie11cy of the the arrange1nents for control. ... arious links of our huge socl?~.~st economy settlements between the v s stem of documentation, document in~- is mainly dependent on the y terchange and control. of hard to imageirie haw impax?tarYt these For this reason it is n the State Bank USSR, where hundreds conditiarLS are in the warlc of various kinds must be processed daily. of thousands of doctiimerits of t an we imderstand the aggregate of the By banking documenta ents that circ~alate in the State Bank. various forms of datum Each operation completed by the State Bank is necessarily formalized by a bookkeeping entry based on the corresponding document of the given operation. cilitating the processing of the One of the methods of f a is their standardization and typicaliza~ huge number of documents . the State Bank has tried, and still tries, Lion. In this context to have all the; documents that circulate within prepared, on farms. a p and to have the requisites an each of prescribed size and sh p ~ 115 .,. t (iapp, 44ii r ,_I14E, '{~E % v CG ~# v p a ~zlu~' rl tsk I, ~'4 ' , u . r ~ ~~ ``Y f ~ g 1 sarii~yvy(,, 1 r, ~F . r wl~ ~Y 417q t 5 r7; $r I I I ri 1.4r { t+I Gj*1" v lir ~ ! 4>/~tV{A ~i tk'~'~rfi ~9~A i 1 r #,1 ! s~ kll (Y~' %~ L ! ~ ;i ?~9F 4 I~r 1 p , ~;~~011'A~4~ 1 i s 4 rY.~;(r tI N + t3 ~'#Y,1~''~ tJt tr?~~'d Oar i'+~1 t~~f~>f r, fl I,,~'., ~~ v'i n 1,,,,~117i ~`,~vi,~'i?y7v~~1~1~,ITd{k~rr0{G,S~tl ~r ~pv4nllS}ilh'1j,{}11~~?~"~Iwl~do iN~~,;~~XP`~'A+~fh~~I~1I~}t`~'~~Y~YT!"lPn:~!1~yi.Mrj~R~ ~.'~;1~~+~I~"~'g~k"~!'~ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 0 O? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 00 addition and reduction [in and out). These are divided ? ~.ded into saes this type of memo, receive-andwdelivex memos Be~. are also met in. practice. They are used in cases where a particu- lar valuable ' s simultaneously withdrawn from one non-balance' ~ sheet account and added to another such account, or when a sub' stitution of documerlts occurs, which is reflected by a charge to one detail account and a credit to another in the same balance- sheet account. distribution order is placed on every document An account thoriz1ng an account entx'y in the State Bank. The term account au distra.but means an indication on the document of the synthetic ~-on and analytic accounts to be posted, together with the amount and date, certified ' .~ the signatures of the proper bank officers. .- ~~ g ter this , the document ;becomes a posting memo, from which both the synthetic and analytic account is posted. No alterations are ever authorized in the ariiounts on docu- an which money, valuabJ.eS or securities are received or meets by the State Bank. Daeuments with altered amounts are paid out considered invalid even when such alterations are specifically noted. It must be noted that the so-called method of multipli- extensively used by the State Bank in fil:Ling out cation is document e' it consists of the preparation of the document by the client or a bank employee who commences the formalization of an operation, in as many copies, using carbon paper, as are , Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 . For axis fence, in satt1.ement5 be~. re~~~ired. by all ps,rta.ca.pants " suppl~?ex, de~.a.verir~g its in twee ts suppliers and purcYlasecs a ~ oiceaccaunts for 1~!e State Bank establishment that ~ co7.7~ecta.on to ~' v ? es of the ball It keeps one Of them, serves it makes out four cope. lie State Hank establishment that serves the one is required by t . the ablislvnent serving payer, arid ~7.ier one by th.e State Hank est sup/ ~ ?er of the effected paymer,~~t. Payment one is to advise the sup~,la, F -af-town tra~sfexs) are filled out in orders ,, orders (fox instance for out omexs and State Bank offices handle the same manner by the cuY~t ~ advices for interbxanch postal transfers similarly (a mani..fold of cards with four copies). 3 SIGNATURES OF STATE BANK WORKERS ON DOCUMBTS { , f cash-settlement documents by the signap The certification a tares of State Sank workers is of very great importance. Such wa signatures of operative and accounting documents must bear t State Dank, of which one is by the person with the workers of the right of first signature and the second by a person with the right of second signature. The right of first signature, which is that of making is given only to a stricty deter - dispositions (of deciding), nsible workers of the State Bank. In the mined circle of respo . ~, branches this circle includes the manager, his assistants and, the Re Tonal Offices, in addition to these head bool.~keeper ? In the g officials, the right ofirst signature on certain documents is f . . . ment_chiefS and the sector directors. also.passessed by the depart ' The right of first signature also conferred on s~,ecial).y is '~d>pIJFP(~ rt(I~'~ ~rYy Yl~tt(.1N(:' ydi~~F d~~0yr~''i~ ~V ~I~,f~41 Y)~YiY ~Fr~dl (Z Arai Y~ ~Jh~ 7~~ I..JF11~ ?i ( ~'dd h~'~r ~,1fl ~ti ~.t 4~)"~r ~'~~~~ril,~F~i ~.~Fnpy~`Y~F'~~~ GIlb11d~,~~', rb,~~~"ii~,~'~~I ,r~N ~ "1~ rt~ ~'~~p ~~Ij~A~?~ ~I St~,I~ltS ny,~~~i~`~~ k~~~r ~'i 1,~y(dl~ ~f't}lp~`''d,~}{YF t~l~J~ i~'/~~~~ ~)k ~h 1M1a l'i 1 'C1Yy71 jyh W,Y~~rr~GJ d Y y*(~11U1~s1(1bf~"hS~y~ d;.i,~4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 trusted State Bark workerstthvut regard to their official posi~ tavns. In such cases this right is confirmed by he superior of- Bank .~ by the Head Office; for the Regional fices of the State the managers of the Regional Offices for the Offices, and by branches. p7rE State Bank officials who have the right of first sagna- tuts ex off icio may sign documents with no limitation as to amount, while persons orl whom this right is conferred by reason of canf id- documents only for sums not e ;.ceeding the maximulrr Brace may sign established for them, and only for a limited number of operations second signature is conferred on designated The right of workers by order of the manager of the office. In addition to these first and second signatures, the _ai1ce-sheet documents which certify the receipt cash and non ba7 or delivery af' cash and of various kinds of valuables and se- ?t also bear the signature of the State Bank cashier, ~.es must cura. conf irrning the receipt or delivery of such items. Letters, issuing directions, containing basic decisions or ubmitting reports must be signed by a person possessing the right s of first signature. Many documents that circulate in the State Bank require the chief bookkeeper's signature under all circum- stances. Such documents include those connected with the certify on accounts which record unexplained items! cation of operations - and also tYrose that cert.fy foreign operations, operations with the dminastrative and management expense, and a precious metals, a ~j, i,z n!u' PJS~W~ AI~p ~ ~? ,d2~ dd ~~ da nG + r , oy i ~~,+W 4~'ll pu , lul~~h7l h ~ il?t) rAF, ~ d"?~~t ) ~ f '1~ll5 ~~%1' 4~ ~ n Ne ~iAY1 ~G , dfQ~ . ~. ~ ~Ld~MIi ~ ~'.. ~'.PI~ tl Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 in ink. )4. FILING AND SAF.EG1JJ RDh! 0 DOCUMENTS authorizing account entries are filed under All documents a strictly establa. 'shed procedure, which allows rapid correction and assures their complete safety. The cash documents are drafted separately from the posting memos. cements are filed under the following procedure: The cash d,o At tbe close of the operating day, the cashier to whom this task is entrusted collects the documents in ascending order of balance sheet account and non-ba~.ance_sheet account numbers, and, within these, in the order of detail account numbers, separately for cash receipts, cash disbursements, receipts on nonwbalance- s 1_nts and deliveries on non-balance sheet accountssheet accounts and deliveries on non_blaCeSheet accounts. On the last page of the envelope of the package" of documents the following words axe stamped: "This package contains so and so many sheets which have been numbered, taped together and fastened by wax lead seals.' This sta; p is authenticated by. the signa'- Lure of the cashier who has drawn the document. On the front side of the envelope there is a stanp showing the following facts; Name of the bank establishment in which the package has been made up, date of making up, number of cash receipt documents and their amounts, number of cash disbursement documents and their amounts, niber of non-baa-ance-sheet account receipt documents and their amounts, num- ber of non-bel,ance-sheet account delivery documents and their amount, Signatures on all financia7- settl,e111e1 docunlents are made 131 ! I,9I y {oI.O b i 1'1 {~ 1" '~' I ~'~ I I I I ~~{ II P 4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-000 398000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 GS-At and the signature of the s~niar `and the chief bookkeeper. saf ekeepin; periods and the index Above the stamp the number of the file are also shown, oWts of the documents contained in the ~'oot? ~.n~ the am di s ensible step. The agreement of this ~' package is an entirely n total with the to t s shown by the jourflal evidences the fact ? t ex.ce Lion, which have been entered that all documents, wa,thou p ? n da,axe shown in the journal and are ac~ during the operate g y tual.l y a.n ex1sterlce. The do curYient s included in the package, with all annexes, are numbered serially page by page. b,e cash documents, Pied under the procedure we All of t have just indicated, are kept in the vault or in safes for 12 months, under the custody of the senior cashier. After the ex- the are transferred from the vault to piratlon of this period, y the general. files of the same State Bank establish~rLent, where they are stored. documents are usually packaged by the journal The pasting, clerk. At the end of the day the journal clerk foots the docu- the accounts. It is advisable to ments an the debit side of make this footing on the "DSM't calculating and bookkeeping ma- . chine. ~.a The documents are then arranged within each balance-sheet account in ascending order of detail account numbers, and, for balance-sheet accounts having items [subheads], for instance, t or No 2~3 'tAdrninistrative and account No 251 uUperata_ng income t , Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 11 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ? scend~.ng order of the a.tem~ numbers in the management expense , a.n a ncmeclature of these accaunts. The posting ng documents, after being arranged in this way, are nurra.bered sheet by sheet arid bound together. The envelope of ' th the name of the bank office, the safe.. the package is stamped w~. file index number, the number of documents keeping; periodr the and the total amount involved. This total is then checked against the totals of the debits to the accounts shown by the journal, after subtractin~1 the turnovers to the debit and credit of cash ~ on the operating day in question. of documents and their amount is certified by The number the employes that foots them, and their agreement with the jour- nal is certified by the journal clerk. The number of sheetsa numbered, taped together and sealed, Last sheet of the envelope-folder. In, large is certified on the where there is a separate journal in State Bank establishments, each operative department (group) the dockmelts are made up in separate packages for each group, arid are then tied together in a single for for each day. The documents for the balance-sheet accounts of groups I, XvI, XIx, , X~, ~I, XxII, III, XXIV, and XXV (special funds, adm.in and management expense, capital investments by ' v ~.strati e tl'le State Bank, income and expense of the State Bank etc.) are , docu- t in s,e arate packages. This is done to kep p the drafting of all kinds of certificates on mentary audit and the transactions related to the accounts of these groups of the 133 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 11 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 balance sheet. Copies of the posting memos are also placed in the same packages co~itaining the general documents covering the oper? Lions on such balance?sheet accounts. The documents supporting a foreign operations and those in precious metai-e, are also made up separate packages. This is because a longer period of safekeep- ~.n ing is prescribed for these documents than for those covering erationsrrhe settlement documents for the out-of-tawn goods other op turnover, the cards for interbranch tran.sf ers, and a few other types are made up and safeguarded under a special procedure. De'- tails on this subject will be found in the chapters dealing with such transactions. Some documents of special importance must always be kept in safes or strongboxes) in the vaults Such documents include: the monthly proof-sheet for the past month and the annual report for the past year with all annexes; the balance control-sheets or cards for all detail accounts for the current month; the cash documents for the current year and the posting memos for the current The following documents must also be kept in a safe place month . and, under all circumstances, in iron safes, coffers or strong bo'es; Posting documents for the current year (except the post- ing documents for the current month, which must be kept in the vault); the card.-file of active detail accounts, as well as the /9 detail account sheets for balance-sheet accounts No 210 "Other debtors- and creditors",N,o 212 "Accountable persons", No 213 sub'- branches"; the operating and registration journals, books, staffels, and est-sheets customer signature cards;.unpaid balls, list- ~.nter ~ notes and other documents accepted for collection from suppliers; ~r~l?l,p ~Ir~~~t~.~ea~sa~i~w ~!~.,:i ~~. ~~ l'Ctibl+i,~?" ,nllai~,G~p',":,r/r~, tied in I-dart - sanitized (o Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Form Rio 10 >n ~ N 4 a-1 00,0 cj -P ~s ?rl O cr1 E v -P w ~+ a) 4 OcH0'da) cd 0 ?H O ai d m ~ U 0 ?d c~i a vH. b ?H t4 ?r{ p N O 00 E- U l Copy Out-of-Town 1 Transfer I~pp1icatien (Yellow paper) Souzor?uchet standard form 80 r~ ~ ings Clerk Type of ,~e_rdt No IL Operation No l Date 21 September lqh Out-of-town transfer au application No 12 erson Cannery Plan: Kh ~ from whom -- name of payer To ~ ~ of the State Bank Regional Of.-ice ~ The , ~,nerson with you and transfer Charge our clearing /current account 0 To the Kerch Branch of the State Bank, city of Kerch (Name of bang ) and ? Zts address o city, republic, KraY oblast 0 To the perch tthjva-H gard t1 plant of Narkomto Tetinet To 17L.1 22 - ( Name ee Clearing ICalzent , ~c count N ~~~e of _ pa~ ~, +- five hundred rubles u snd ty Twti1isJ 1 o in words T 1 September lq In pa,~~ ~nent of bill ~ ~t0 229 of Space for Signature of customer) seal or stamp of customer) (Signature) DEBIT b mail No account of payor 1 55i21~ No 'IFO CHIT ll Sly B ac No 263 B/ac No 2l to be filled in by Custa_ner by bank by Amount of Telegraph transfer tol1S PL ? Executed by bare Bate 21 September l9 I5 _ Controller Operations Journal clerk Clerk (signature) sig(signature) (signature) FO No 79211 Advise Controller Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 unpaid bills, executions and other collection items forwarded for payment; unreconciled advices on initiated interbranch transfers, copies oI` confirmations on initiated advices, unreconciled advices on interbranch txansfers contra, and the final checkerboard sheers on the account "MFQ contra"; and bank seals and stamps. The tables of the transfer code are kept separately in a fireproof safe in the custody of the person assigned to use it. rfwo kinds of files are distinguished in the State :Sank; Vat are called current files, and the general files. The current files are divided into the files of cash docu- ments; the files of operative bookkeeping (posting) documents and accounting records; and a file of other documents and copies. The cash documents of the current file, such as cash orders, paid checks and other cash settlement documents, are bound together and numbered for each day and are kept in the vault under the direct change of the senior cashier. The documents of the second and third groups are kept in the operating departr-lents under the custody of the chief or senior bookkeeper. In large State Dank establishments there is a special file clerk who is responsible 4 The cash and posting documents are transferred, a year af- ter they have been filed, from the current .files to the general files of the State Sank office. The documents are kept in this general file for the nwnber of years prescribed in the file in- structions issued by the head office of the State Dank and ap- 136 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 0 0 ` proved by the Central File A&nini$tration USSR. All individual 'll ?I ~.nstruC~ files are given an index number pursuant to the lla,ng 6?' Lions and are entered in a special file register. Certificates on documents held in the vault are issued only on demand of an operating departnent and only with the IQwwledge of the manager of the cashier office or of the senior cashier. The removal of packages of documents with cash orders or non-balance'-sheet orders from the vault is never authorized. ,All such certificates are issued by the cashier responsible for the safekeeping of the documents. The documents are examined by the employees making up the certificates in the presence of the cashier. Posting documents are delivered for certification only on authorization of the chief bookkeeper of the State Bank office, and are examined in the presence of the file clerk. If any specific document must be rerijoved on demand of judicial or investigating authorities, this is done only on the authorization of the manager of the State Bank office involved. At this time, a statement is drawn up in two copies, one of which, together with the demand for the surrender of the document, is retained by the cashier, if a dash document is involved, or by the chief bookkeeper, if it is a posting document. A copy of the requisitioned document is put in the place of the original, The second copy is handed to the person making the requisition. A notation of the removal is made on the cover of the package of documents. 13a Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 1,111 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 z?rti ?G,lr? TEGw"RL IDMAapB1 DQQUT the procedure and the sequence ~.an means ~~ locument circulat , efts that f armali~e ban1dng tr~sact~ons, from of rautting the doew~ the t first cones into existence eft . maYa when the ora~;~.na1 documen ants of the analytic and down to the t e it i$ entered on the acca ' ncluded in 'the file package tic accawltin:, and s then 1 synthe made up for the operating day involVed. n the wider sense, the term docent circu7. anon means I single establish~ of parking documents within a the entire turnovex its dispatch to another meYlt of the State Bank, and so includes ~_ for inst~~ce the document c1r- ishment of the State Bank establ settlements between suppliers and purchasers in dif- culation in Bank establish~nent,s in ~' ferent cities, which affects two 'State ? 'the different cities. (See chapter V t'Settiement operations of routing the document for each separate operation is process divided into number of successive stages. ? ate ,dank is commenced by the ;very' operation ~n the St Sentation of an origin a1 document by the customer or by the pre rocess. eft by the b k itself ? The p reparation of this dOCUm p verification of -the 'rculation commences wa.th the of document c1 ~r~.th respect to , ? o f ortl and substance, that is, do cu~nents as t ? the aporation embodied by the larit of :' the e~cecutlon of the yoga ~ nsists arigl of the converslan of . n ~ document.. The next stage. co indicating the accounts to be the document to a pasting'prder by posting or the preparation of a separate p charged and credited, r?!. ,~,..Fr; b: JU E.~ 4{~.~';J! ,'S a xJ.~.~~)', ~,..1'?p ~7:... i,~, ":~+. ,h ~~,~J~?} ,l ~,y,ti.,'~,I~Drv~'k 4,ti~,,r 1 y,X`a,: I ,J, +iya~f 1,1.,,, , S~'',~., ?~! (:?. 'Mrw ~.7r:~, ..~_~,II,r,.5~+,,,~h. P?;Cy. ~?k1 ~J, ,~, ~~r~~ Jr?}/ ~++aa;'F~b~, i~r~. ,. f~e~r t ?,''~r , ,(. ,~,i,C. ~fX i eau ~,~,P.~i,,,v M1i,I .,4 G~,.r iav,W ~i, 4}' .,e yt.. Dk,,y, V7R I~JS~f:iyl nz 3,h; Ur,, Ji ,I ~,Jt PI w/f a,, r,, A~' ifs' {}` ~1(~,g~7~71'J 1J1~ ~r 1' I ?s, +~, ta4y.: k. 'n^ ,.~~ 1 n i ' I l ~" r} ly .F !y, 1 Y G r ~ p ~G' ' 71 ~ ~ r +tpy ~+ +, ~;"; ` ,.~ + i~r~ d ' ~ adbi' f ~.'qL ~ "~1 ~aj ~~v'6~lNt n i~~ , I~{ ~ a ~ r 7 p ~, d t,(:~ }~~d 7 `+; ,k~r'~ ~ml F~s ~ ~! i s ~ a+ ~'^ `) P "?r" i I(1h h F. ~a,~ "1~' ~ 4 !n" '~ Ylfi ~ I s iJ'~+~ of Vt 5 r P ~'rlt+~"")' ssified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 In the large offices ol' the State Bank where a single brigade cannot serve the entire clientele of a single 1coma.t several operational arid accomtiflg brigades are detailed to serve it. In tiis case all such brigades taken together foin what is called an operative group, for instance, the operative groups to serve the customers belonging to the food industry, the arkom- torg, the arkoInZagOtOV0k, etc. .All the operative and accounting brigades arid groups, taken Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 In State Bank offices where the customers accounts are kept on typewitXS or bookiceeping nachifleS wider the decentr8i' jzed method of proceSifl documents, a brigade COS1StS of one controller, two operationS clerics and one machine clerk or opera- tar. In such brigades the the custoniers aecouiit are kept by the raachi1e clerk or operator, and the operation clerks conceX1I theiiSe1VeS exclusively with hand1ifl the operative ?ormaJ-itt' In all cases the brigade _$ headed by the controller, who :is responsible for aJi its work. The duties of the workers in brigades that carry out the separate operations -- for instance, relating to collectionS, nterbran.ch transfers, athtisbrative and management expendi- thres, budget operations, etc. -- ar'e soniewhat diferer1t in the spe cific features that are cornected with the cbaraCter of the operation, but here also the general rile is invariably observed that the controllei checks the fornalizati0I5 and entries for each transaction. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 11Y7 3' 04. September constitute an opera live depar'thaent. as a whole' headed by marlagexs whose duties in- The departments are ,? rah. d~.reetion of the work of all dude, in the ma -n, the gene r nci. general super;~saar~ over the proper brigades and group,, a g ? o erations. The department managers nego f orni~l-a tun of the p ..son matters of izr>,po~:'tance, receive CO1U bate with the customer their dispasitian, and systematically verify plaa.nts and check the Work o~ the depa rt'lent. each operative group comp1etelY all f,ransactians, both settlement services its clientele in ?'nfor the s nthetic and analytic aCCOt~- Un g and loan, and, handles which the ope'r'ations of its clients the balance-sreets a,ccoti~nts in are reflected. fices with mechanized accaun.tirlg, the In Mate Bank of f done on macY~inc; s. Accordingly, as has synthetic accounta.ng is alined Tx the journal is kept in a decentr been seen in chapter I , :Ekes of the State Bank. Each, depart manner in the large of roup thus has its own journal. mental g - of the State Bank the journal is kept In sn~.all off ices under centralized procedure. The chief bookkeeper is responsible for the general setup and, condition of and bookkeeping records in the o~ the . accounta .. r?:_y,: i . finr the. correct and tamely formula-. fort their stct and efficient * esponsibilities of the chief r? , tion of the txan~sact.ons and control. 't'he'a.gh?s, ;dudes, date. 29 d b the decree of the SNK USSR, bookkeeper are f lx:e , Y Uri . th'e r Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ii S ar~d data es of the chief book" (R1~'~s~4fhi Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 gg~44'v'vF, be in and end their work at the As a e all employees g of the bank, the employees who re- ~ offices sie ~a.me. , . Tn ]a rg cei heir work, somewhat earlier fail, and a few others, begin t ~'e , the ~, 5o that they ash settlement documents by are able to prepare the c insta.tutions and ecanonl~.c o~?gan~ xs ~ e exs and senior' boakkeepe ? ke p x~at~ -~ with the am,ancimQnts made by .:ans of the soc? ~.ala.~ed sector, ,, .NK USSR ?21 aL~r~e 1921 the decree off' the I e calleCtian groins or brigade likeWise fo3 7rls a part of Th enden?~ struc~. ? . ent and corxstttutes an indep the operata.ve depar~r. , tL~ral group. The work o1, this this ., group is set forth in Chapter V In }~egional Uf~'ices of the State large branches and s>7~a~.1 ? '.ons are d7.va.ded among two groups Bank the col1ECta.on opera?ta e of the sup. . ?~~;mated, who kee a card f11 The group of collectiUi1s or~.~ _ ~ ,h keep the collections demanded, wh1G s tiers ~ and the group of p card file of the payers. ' Ces tk~e collection operatic~ns are In the lar~;ge re~,ional o~?fl , ? agate collection brigade sometimes d.ecen~~~~a1.a-zed, that a.s, a sep is assigned to each operative group. ~c}1 transfers is handled in the The processa.ng of intcrbr ' ndiv'idua1 group or brigade. ((ices there is also a special In the large Mate Bank ? group ?le in the smaller State Bank offices the ttmail room's while ee functions of such a mail room are performed by a single employ 've and. dispatch all correspondence.. , whose dl~ties are to receive tyti~1~n~vv~J. 2t , iw?x a i' ?4-4L s "' Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 CIA RDP82 pOO39R000 2 00060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 As a rule, entries to the detail accounts of custorr~ers are hitt?~'~f%~'?h~! Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the time the operating day begins. As a rule, the bank accepts instructions from customers for five hours from the begirifing of each operating day; kollchozes Sel'po are served during six hours. Cash is accepted from agencies of the Narkomsvyaz and savings banks for seven hours, while cash is received all day for credit to the current accounts of kolk- hozes and Sel'po, as well as for the accounts of private persons. A:,1 mail that reaches the mail center after 1330 hours (when work begins at 0900 hours) is delivered to the operative departsnents not later than 1100 hours. All mail tha~ireaches the ~ All telegrams reaching the bank after 1Li.30 hours is also stamped in the same way. Nail so stamped is examined by the chief 'bookkeeper or his deputy, and after the urgent documents to be processed have been taken out, remains in his office for delivery at the beginning of work the next day. The operative brigades post the customers' accounts on the same day y that cash settlement documents are received, if they reach the brigade from the mail center before 11l.00 hours. Tele~ graphic instructions are executed up to the moment transactions with the clientele are ended for the day. Settlement documents accepted before 11400 hours must under all circumstances be posted to -bhe customers account the same day. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 cl within half an hoax or so- after the ac~ in practice c,amp~.eto s k ends, whale the ;journal clerk inisye has ceptance o~ dncum~,nts ?~' ..account the ' ourfl3l about an hour after detail work of posting to th~ posting has been fa.nashed. 11 of the reaiith1g ta.rrie is used by. ^ ive brigades, for footing the detail ac- the workers ai the open at L and for proving the entries of the taunts, fox closa-ng then, . analytic actounting against those of the synthetic. THJ3 GEN RLL IDEA OF IN ~~E~ NAIL CHECK 7. Internal check is extremely important in State Bank es prevent not only every kind of wrongdoing, tablisl~lents, It must, but also all passable errors whether in forniaiization or accoun.t- ang of the operations. ernal check include verifying the regular The tasks of ant completed, the correctness with which they ity of all operations - in the settler(lent documents, audit of the have been embodied ccounting record of each separate operation, especial1y of the a balance and also the verifiCation of the agree- accuracy of the ? 1 existing valuables in the Mate Bank es- ment between the actual_y sea.ous metals, foreign currency, time notes, tablisYrment -- cash, pr s thetas and analytic accour1tirig? etc. -.- and the figures of the yn By the ttiche1ckf we understand the agregate of measures .erm substance of the operations completed;. for verifying the accuracy.-n.,, ~ also . in addition; the function of control includes the task of . ';- ccouritin f~formulation of each .fan-~ verifying theu accuracy of the ~a~ I _ tin operative and ccvun g uncial settlement or `operation, and of all a if f J,q jyY~ 1! I ~ G'G~6~y1~'h~y L a 1 '4 f'M'~~ /l I { t d ~ 't6C ~~gkP ~frv'7iul~I+~~L~~~t ~1~rt f4v, I ~i 1 I~a,~~e,~f 99 r16' Ids a~, ~. ild i i ~~ L~~44u r'~4~kNh~h A,C~~ds~l~~ IfO~DY'eVl GRtDeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~CCe~ 9 C~x' C11'1'~ ~ praGC CxC"" c, p.aC1,1,1,1C ~ 1a.'~ ~u? j:tC Co or or . h,~~e ~ ~' ~~?~ ,~ ChCC~ y x~ caeh a;a?~~ s ~ n e Ie pe~ant ? unt or eec Uti? o s~anc s ex,, acca ~ clTn~ to a cus?h~c~rn t? arial'" er ~' an a~aex~a'l,a.~re 'b of eperat 1c,l porgy ? the c?n'~xc'? e ~,nc~.u~F s bx~.~a., ~ 'ecJ ?u art (1) the re1' o r? c -.an p~, c x.11 t1I~ ,,iVe it c7u~ customers acc?vn~9 afi "LYLe (all of the '~ en the ~~ Cu1n?5 o: ra (~ acc 3 ~ the ~] Oren ~,:~a~>.sac~ ?n cu~:t.arl of the aut~tiax, r.~eceSearY or tiie e B equisti~es ~ccen'`,? o~ the ' nc,cl ee~,~ec;; a17.Y the p~ be e;~.a~~~. ~ 1 g () P ?~ the per?n presenk,1the. ~b to sue p or cs men's ~? ti^eCe or ?'~hexvaluab~. ve cash ^ accovn~ ~' e Cx' .. -~a.ons T?r7.~,a x ~SpeG to th raps a .uda ~? a1La~h or an?hyr Ctt'l an ?~ s~gna'tures and ,tamp U () the ~,uth~nttic~. ~ f ' es on ~':~e Ynp.~ n w~,th on carapa~'a,sa the sa. dacumen't,s pxesex1tea~ the ban1~' wjth the s a,ccovnts aYiade by the ntxies to the cus'tamer (6) he e axd by thy; d qr ~ e xatc1.er"~s and the ba1a~~ces carr. ape . . ' . 0027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 CIA-RDP82-00039R00020006 0 00 - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 N (7 ) the accuracy of the interest figures. Documents are signed by the controller, which concludes the check and serves a sign that the documents are in order. If, on check, any defect in the drafting of a document is discovered, the document is not put through and is returned to the person presenting it, or, if it has been forwarded by another of the State Bank, is made the subject of an inquiry. It branch effect only on receipt oi' explanations removing all possible is g~. Ven doubts. hen a document has been posted to the customers accoun r must establish the accuracy of the posting. To this r the control end the controller first of all verifies the accuracy of the ac- un distribution in the posting memo and establishes whether h cot the document has been posted to the proper customers account, and then verifies the text of the posting itself,its amount, and the accuracy of the balance carried fortitirard. The document is then .7'ours-ized, and then put together for filing with the other s 5 j. documents of the day. In connection with these operations, the control must still be continued; since it must be established whether 'the document has really been entered in the journal, whether it has been accurately entered, and, finally, whether ity has been included in the package of documents made up for the t day, whether it was properly fastened in this package and whether 4 ~.~ of the documents for the day as it was included ~.n the grand total P footed. This is already the following stage of the control, b~ hash has for its purpose the proof of the figures of the analy- w ri against those of the synthetic accounting, and of al. accountig tic ~ the j ourn.al against nst the proof sheet. P ! Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 . such a control, the package of dacu' Tn order to perform suc atin~ must be e:~arna.ned, a control fa menu that has been made up obtained ? e must be made and to total. so for the entire packag b the jour- , st the totals for the day shown y must be proved aga~.1~ On1Jj after such a control operation care one be sure that a1i nal .exed andare xe:~-e cted ir1 the accov~~ting? documents have been eni~ ? ade not obvious that in practice this control as m It is of course abva together' ocument but on all documents token on each separate d been found is it necessary to have Unly where a discrepancy has ~tl entries, document by document, tu recourse to a check of the the errors have been found, and rectified. is checked irr the State Bank in The accuracy of. entries ? out exception, and by different method, all fields of work, with namely; by the method of visual check the ~1ethod of prov~.ng par 1iel entries. ? ~,ments so-called periodic audit In all State Bank eStablas and accounting wank is also of the vas?a.ous fields of operati~.~a-. audit is to ascertain whether the made. The task of such an the cu]a ttan is properly set ups whethex system of document car cuting opera- te and whether all practices control is thoroug, safeguarding-them of ting documents, collecting them and taons, dr are correct . 8. FORMS OF 00N TROL ;u . 1 of docents by customers A check on the correct draf tang. r on the pos~:~ngsto the..,accourits, and operations clerks, and also Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 which is based on these docuument$ themselves, is called a "Visual" check. The reason for the name is that it is made he basis of inspecting the documents to be checked and only on t the entries made by other rkers, that is, without setting up controlling detail accounts. Visual check is made under the fol:.owing procedure: All documents posted to the detail accounts are delivered to the controller together with the account sheets. The con- .. trcll,cr .ve.yif.i es the accuracy of the drafting of the documents, and the accuracy of their posting to the detail accounts and evi- dences this audit by his signature on the detail account sheet and on the do ci~ment. At the same tame he checks the accuracy of the new balance on the detail account sheet. 1rthen a number of documents are posted at once, the operations clerk has the right to enter only the final balance without putting down the new balance after each separate item: The controller has the duty of strictly examining the entries to make very sure that the balance of any clearing, current or other liability account is not allowed to become a debit [ show an overdraft]. r ~f~n~~~, ro ~q ai d %r J' '' ~rt a' 'In j~W' i ~ h d t tr I 2 1 ~ t h o- ~ X iy i d I s r ~ Pr tF ,u t a~ t k ~ l +. t i ~ Ii n P ti , The operations clerk and the controller each separately compare the signatures and stamps of the clients on the dis- bursement documents with the samples on file with the bank, and attentively examine all documents thatau.thorize an indi- vidual to receive money or valuables. In the course of this check,, the controller verifies the notation on the disbursement document, made and signed by the operations clerk, showing the ,v~U~,dimL Declassified in Part S tze. Copy Approved for Release 2012J03/28 : CIA-RDP82-0039R00020060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039 possession of a passport (No, by whom and when issued) by the person receiViflg the payment. In checking the a dacwnents the controller pays special at- all the entry spaces on the cash deposit tention to whether and orders have had ;lines drawn through slips, receipts, checks, them to prevent alteration. The controllers stric'J-y watch out to be sure that checks and disbursements orders entered by thasii in the payment boa S are delivered by the operating brigade to the cashiers office only according to these books and only against receipt by the cashiers. The following basic rules are observed an carrying out a i nr ~ transfer from one account to another; The worker who makes the must first make sure hat the sum has already been credit entry ~ debited to the other account. For this purpose he sees whether there ?5 a posting distribution authorization with the signa- who made the debit entry to the payers tures of the snployees kers who make the credit entries to the payees account. The tiaor accounts have wraple si natures of the workers servicing the payers. g The aLltllent3. 'city of the signatures under the posting distribu- then a authorization are checked against these samples. t:a.on balance a. 's carried forward from one sheet to another of a detail . account, the controller evidences the correctness of the trans- , fer by his signature on the new sheet. h is deposited by customers, their accounts are When ? cash ., j1MI~ii 1 n. k{.TD'Asr,"I1~!.+v1'?AGVif 4."I~c~tL"~kVl~i[fiM.E'Y~V~)d41~`~Yildi!'~i1,l~r;tXtit y1911~i~~i'a"{"~ ~i"r:~Nla6r l Yfv~, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 credited only ai'tex the cash has been actLtially received by the teller. In this case bath operations clerks and controller must as rely been received by the teller, be sure that the money h t sa. nature on the deposit slip corresponds that the cashier s g doubt si nature on file, that is, that there is no to his sa~np~.c '~ as a ment off' cash from the account o~ to its autherlt~-c~.ty? Thep ~ ' after the arnaunt to be paid has been a customer is made only charged against the customer's account. enrr~^ies Is used by the Mate Bank .._.OOntr,.ol b,r parallel ata ons and for transactin preCIous only for foreign open the controller uses the document that metals. Wa.t11 this method by operations clerk to the detail has al.rcady been psted by a second entry to a controlling detail accouxit as the bases of account which is opened for every customer or te of valuable. teal rood of the entries agaa:nst each Subsequently a daily mu p other is made after the close of operations. A special control has been established over certain For instance there is a centralized accounts in the State Bank. control, vested in the chief bookkeeper of a State Bank office, ent docwaents :Forwarded for col- over accounts No, 43S ctSettlem, lecta. ~ errtent documents for collection: maturing on", No I~11~ nSeal tc others. There is an ir~ediate control vested at fixed date ,and ~ ' book~~eeper over accounts No 210 "Other debtors and in the chief ' creditorst', t1Unrccoriciled ?~'0 items; over the the result- 'No 0 2?~ , ant accounts [ccounts?] over accounts recording the 'nom1'na7- a .. reserve currency stocks ad fractional currencY? stocks and a few others. 5 ~. tall .n"~.~ ~+ r< ttr ~Y~r~~fi ~ ~ n d "1~ ~ h ~ ~ rvr r '~ 4f I ' ~ q , fl~F,~l~i~f41ia}}~~ isi2~br~4~~~i'I~~4~`nlfH~~~bu?;n:}r4rk~v'Pt~~^~1+d'~`~~! x~~m9.k~ +{I~~ ~e ~ (~S!"t~(i?l~~ - . d~ ?~` rq t. IrorJrtip,?M"4" Y91fj'"+J )trr '"J! ~b.{ry? h!i rl z7 ,~: r ,~~FI tv~+Jl j~a~,'f??l~?,a~','~Y jr~+~e~'n ''ul ~rSp (I~ ' I {d ~+ya'~'i l i4~il I,v,rlrl, ~~~ d I'F4}+s~4~'r'~~r4Y $~pr + ?, 'Gr r', ~+J(~iR 'r r~''~ I ~' n'~+Pl~i~'~u w ~ ~ ~ &Af~ijglr+t+i ~{ry l.`tr ~ 4~i! r i1~Y ail l '~ ,I '} I+ ~I.}.. t~'~, ~r ,, r r "E~~ rG (} rrJl P ~ I ;1, ~' 19 h ~ J + I ut ti t G' "~ V ~ ? }' ~ t''' ~ .1 I I ~i i} i ' ( v s !~ !? g ~~y Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J03/28 : CIA RDP82 000398000200060027 5 cc:: 0 Q C [t:6:1::;; r f s X?z&' ~ ~ r~l~~ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 n, a1 over the ac~aina.stratiY'e and ~ oaspectalcontr The xesp ianagemeflt (here is als xes onsib~ionsib~it~' or expense of the State Bank off' ices. f ~~es , ating discipline in these oft f the observations of estam on ~ uest~. a hief bookkeeper of the o~'f;~ce in ~, rests by law on the c ces of the State Bank an er. In large off. togetx1er with its rnanag d to assist the chief bookkeeper ~n , employee is specia:l.ly detaile s; his control of these expenses . trot the orders and documents In carrying out such con ~, Lure of the administrative and must be audited both as to the na .red and as to the correct f ormu~-an ,,M1 management expenses illcux ' of the expense items with erations by direct comparison of the op the correSpond auditor of ad~~inis~ , lines of the estimates. The k ~.ng rat experase certa.fa.es the e correc Hess of the t txative and raanageme . ,, ~ p and exer ents to bank employees a ents for wages and other pa~ ~ t:uuely return of unexpended wage cises surveillance over the 's .,~ dis ~ositir~n of the deductions from grass items and an the proper 1 pay of th e bank employees. of the opei^atin- The same auditor audits the keeping or cards, the faxmva-a'uioxl of the oc7Jments connected with con- vent y e o erating lnventoiy of State Bank buildings, wa th larg p s truc Lion -ld also exercises surveil- p urchases and with capital repairs, at . coiu~t. No 212 "Accountable persons' ? Q1, lance over the condition of ac b the chief boolkkeeper has the imp octant func-The check, made y pf the operating day, the correct at the close tiara of checking ~ Y the operating brigades, d the iden i b losv1g of the cash ar,.p c ~ourna7-s receipts and disbursements it of the totals shown by the cash 1 ~~a n ppo~tl~ ~fti ~ ~ ~} Y 977 k%kkYY ram ~ it Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 xo?vex cntries shown by the cash a~.s with those athe cash to jouxn in the State Bank establisbnents There is a stra.ct contxa~. e11a ta.on of the used checkboaks over the correct and timely cc hckbaoks are accepted only by the retur~led by clients. Such ce ?~ who ~nmediately cance~.s all the chief' book:keepex or xla.s depu y ~ Used to identify a payee presenting a checks and control stubs C check for pa, t~ by cutting off apiece of each. ~. ~t~en is off' verification of the card files The fwiSlsts,'h,ernen coverlg collecti.oi~s, NiFO and tiaile notes are signed by the chief timeliness and completeness of the bookkeeper, who checks the entries in such inventory files Control over the dispatch and receipt of :valuables is of ~' to Bank. T1Le orders received by the great importal lce in the Sta n eratiVe dep art~nents of the bank, cashierts office Pram the p Cons of valuables, are signed by the same pera covering shipment who are authorized to sign disbursement documents. Valuables are placed in bordereaux or envelopes in ookkee er and the senior cashier. In the presence o~ the chief b p large establisl~nents of the State dank an employee is specially detailed for this function, instead of these officials. by 'T'hese 0ff ic?J-s certify/their signatures that the valu- ables have.. been properly placed therein and that the design.ation ements and packages are correct. on the endors Declassified n Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 4 t2 t:::C athex ,ival of cash, letters or A:l.l po atal notices Qf the a~~~~ uable mail State Bank axe delivered, not to the addressed to the ~ the opexations secta.on. The after e cashier's off~.ce' but to ~' enters all mail register before such sendings in the incoming ? icto take over the val. uab7.es This notifying eked for the trteliness of the re~ register is the cashier s of f subsequently c,he tiles by the g , shipments of valua counting for such postal sha?~ ceipt and a cashier's office. off' telegrariLsi the Stake Bank gS.. To control the dispateY. tabl?s~m , of employees authorized t file samples of the sn.gna? ~l~eS ~.cn documents, together with an irnPres~ to sign f inancs.al settlement checks die seal. The telegraph off i -ce sion of its 0f f icia- beta/ a State Bank ale rams received from the Stall financa.al set~lement g against the samples on file. ?0 o State Bank egrams received by ?1 Pl~, financial settlement t~ ers, must have a transfer code blishments , including transf esta word, the control sta~~lp and sign ? fate Bank establishments . f the telegraph off a.ce . The S ca.als o authenticity] o~ the telegrases, by check the genuineness tor and sample pressions of 51e e signatures of these persons p or seals. k!~ their stamps any docents are dy ?spatchedj the mail room of the . Before verifies the presence of the proper State Bank estab7-isl~nents g s and where necessary al$o the presence of the transM signature , ? ssiora of the herdicseal. f'er code word or the ampxe . er de osit or finance-al There is a special check on the prop p Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDF Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 'r envelopes. This check is made by a settleanent docume~lts in their speca.a:L audi?tor,who makee makes the corresponding signed notation on the envelope after checking its contents. in all State Bc1I1k eatab1iShmellt8 aver There IS a cQfl.trol is inquiries, specially important the pxocessirlg off' telegraph . ' ati.on of complaits about irregular lettexs, over the a.nves~~-~; Bank and also over the timely receipt o~ actions of the State Ban the clientele or to other State Bank es- inquiries sent out to t11 ux ose a sj~ecla:l. person is designated tab~.i shments. For this p ~ ~ , o revent le tiers of complaint fz oui being to keep strict watch t p allowed to accumulate without action. all complaints is set up iA~. each State ~,eg~.strata.on of al Ba~1k estab1is1llnent to keep track of them and control f their timely 7:55 disposition. There is a complaint book in the lobby of every State clients zilay enter camplaa.nts against Bank establish~~ent, in which Bank employees, or report other s~lort- irregl~lar acts-ons of State examined by the a~?nistration of the eS- comings? This book is r ~ and the results of the investigations are tablishment in que,,t~.on, brought to the ]owledge of the persons co~nplaining. There is a special control on the execution of urgent he centralizer accounts in other State transfers of funds to t. ? as well as over the dispatch of urgent Funk establishment , book- This control is entrusted to the chief accaw.1t~.ng xeports s; A control ticket is made keeper and is organized as follow 00 Or) Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CD r:V W, I0 f er or urgent accouxi?Ling . The control out f or each urgent trans tickets are placed a. 'n a card fi7.e~ where they are arranged by dates, The employee ?ercising the control examines the card e~ file every day to see what transfers must be carried out or what statements must be made up and sent out on that days At the end of the operating daY, the execution is checked with the employee >.dla. ?ng the matter. The control tickets on which hax the check a.s nlade are pla Ced in the card index for the new period. important to have the customers check the It is exceed:~ng1Y r ' n hag the "., atiorLs. All customers are interested in Zav~. ?, Bank s oiler ,. bank do its work on their accounts promptl and accurately. The the careful verification by them of the basis of such a check is accounts and the documents annexed. These absLracts of their a o the re resentative of the customer o~-Y statements are delivered t p w ? r ~rec,~;ive .them, against when such rep~'esentatives are authorized to ? .~ ccount sheet or on soccial card. When their receipt on she a statements are sent by mail, they are registered, and sent at tames agreed with the customers. If the customer does not c~-1 ~. to pick up this statement, it is sent by registered mail after this st twelve days have elapsed. In order to avail abuses, the delivery or co ies of the statement prepared from of duplicate documents, p the detail accounts must be authorized each ta~ae irl writing by the manager of the State Bank establisl1mentI first day of each month, the bal- On the statements an the once of the account. is shown in figureSy and the blank space Declassified itized Co Y1y{~`i f`1~kj}}iu7,dy~'~III tih~p Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 on both sides of the amount ruled through. In the statements on January l, the ba1ancx: is also shown in ords. A11 doubts of the customers as to the correctness of the entries, or the timely passage of any amount to the account, are urgently cleared up in the bank. According to the existing rules, the holder of an ac- count is obligated within ten days, or within twenty days if located in a rural corirnurity, to verify the correctness of all entries to its account, and to advise the bank of any ob jec'- Lions to it. in the absence of objections, the statement of account &rd the balance's ara considered confirmed. A general and mutual verification of accounts with the customers takes place once a year on January. As of this date, all customers are obligated to confirm to the bank, in writing, the balance of their accounts. In addition to the operative control, the chief bookkeepers of the State Bank establishments, or their assistants, or, in 1Erge establishernents, the auditors, periodically check the separate fields of work with respect to the correct organization and condition of the accounting work of the document circulation and the internal checks, and also with respect to the correct execution of operations and drafting 4 of the documents. At the conclusion of such an audit, a certi- ficate is drawn up and signed by he person making the audit, # who enumerates all faults and omissions noted. The certificates are stapled together by months and are kept by the chief book- keeper, who is obligated to take the necessary measures immediately to eliminate the faults found in the work. He makes the corresponding 157 Copy Approved for Release 2012J03/28 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200060027-5 Declassified in Part- Sanitized p Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 [fee copies of LOCal Transfer appliCati.Un and Qt-of-Town Transfer application on Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 tatiofs on the certificates with respect to the correc~ signed no tiora of th~;se faults Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 STAT Gx1.`1~ V STTBE '2 OPERATE ON S vita S ,'.I'T '1.NT SYST. '1 NOW I1~ ~FECT. 1. ?e all organizations represent sigtile In o' social ~'ar thie rcaaon, mutual settlement l.in~~s in one national econarn,~ ~. in ~m ox?tar1 ce with us than anywhere e7. se relations are of greater p the warld? Mutual settlement relations arise in connection with claims at~.ons against each other for pan0fl a.2 by enterprises and organ These mutual rel.atians are x^egL~.ated by for goads and serv~,ces. ? r~ b 'commercial. contracts which specify law and are precisely fa.i.cd y ? anner in which settlement is to be made. the forms, times and ra the last analysis, by pa~rment from the settlements are made, a,er) to the organization or enterprise purchaser (customer or p 7r~a,rketing the goods or rendering the service (the suppliex') customara1Y called turnover or co~i~rlodity `t'hese settlement are settlements. Other settlements not connected with the furnishing of ' se in the socialist en~erpriSes ar~d goods or services also are organizations. They include settlements with the state budget, ? ^ coon and repair, deductions for social payments for capital canstxu ? ins for higher-level links in the chain of con- insuranc e, deducl~o time and form of such settlements is es- trot, etc. The manner, instructians of the commissariats con- tablished by law and the cerned. 159 ?,1C, wig?~~{~'~~. r~J ,i^.n4~.~h. aft! i r, ~'i.!?~f ,,:I. it P~.~r.i(:ia r1i'.' t'.I i`1 'i> h !:i, .. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 c.J kYlt'i?~: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 d xa idity of settlerttients is a ~;uaxantee The correctness an p use of the material ar~d financial z'csQUxces of the bast possible For this reasan settle~ients Thusttake an of our soca.al.a.st ecanamy. ifl to a def~.>riite system s,ssurintheir organized course, accord ~ control on the part of the bank. A1.1 formz.ty and the campulsaxy e for sjrla:ll ~o~,u~ts, must under all cixcum- Set~,lements, except those ? u, h a bank, both in cases of settlements between s~Lances be made thro ~ b ~lon-:u~g to two dii'f erent systems and in cases econaraJ.c organs. c ~ ' ct a trust (Glavka) and its component where the settlements effe enterprises. All economic, state, cooperative and publ:i.c organi- ree aerating fluids in clearing account zo,tions must keep their f p ' on the character of these accGUnts and or a current account [Details 'r7taina.n r t~le1T1 W1.1.1 be found below the procedure for openir~~ and ~naa. ~ with the State Bank. The State ?te Bank is the only Settl.efierit center, the gen- eral state apparatus for the registration of production and the oductstt (law of March 24, 1921). It organizes, distribution of pr carries out and checks settlements. This makes it possible for ? sake an extensive use of clearing, Which is economi it to . (1) r a more advanced method of payment than cash tally and technically settlements (2) control the economy by means of the ruble, dis- l.lawing ; illegal, irregular settlements, uncovering defaulting a payers, and supervising the regular order of payment; (3) im- nts adapt them to the peculiarities of prove settleme the several branches of the economy, and to .protect the interests . of the absent party (su,?ppl' br or purchaser) to intercityet1~1.e- ~. called settlement credits to economic menu; (L.) grant what are 16U Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 organizations. These funct'.,ons of the State,BsnJ in the field of settlers eats are connected with the credit ref orrn of 1920, which replaced corcmercial credit by direct bank credit and made it possible to convert the State Sank into the only settlement center. As is cornmonly known, when the credit reform of 1930-1931 was carried out, wrecking actiVities had been going on, which led to complete disruption of contractual discipline and khoz- rasehet in the mutual relations of economic organizations The bills of the supplier were paid regardless of whether he had complied with the contractual provisions with respect to prices, quality and title of delivery, and therefore he did not bother at all about fulfilling the contract.. The purchaser was deprived of all possibility of acting upon the supplier, since the bank paid the accounts without the consent of the purchaser, who as thus not the fully empowered master of his on resources, with full powers of disposition over them. This very gross distortion of the credit reform had extremely unfavorable consequences, and goods `or rendering of services by one The pxd:nciples of the current system of settlements by econom- ic organizations material commodity 'values, furnished to one 'another or for services rendered, are as follows... a number of government decrees were issued to liquidate them(dated Jan l, 1921, March 20, 1921 and July 22, 1931). These decrees were known under the name of corrections to the practice of the credit reform. The current system of settlements is mainly based on these statutes and subsequent supplemental legislation. The sdJ.e' of r!F INO~t i ` 1 ~~ t ` Wr `i~ i y~7 ~, t '~~li ll~k9 t~{t AI`'k4i J C i~ !P ~ crl.~.i?iiE t4 I q ' r~ Mry ! ~ }f yyF ` ~'~ ~S d( r ~ ~~,7t j~j~t ~ yj', t~lr ! Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 economic organization to another on credit i& forbidden, as well acceptance of advances on account of such sale or service as the (law of Jan 20 1920) As exceptions, advances may be made on con- struction accounts with, industrial cooperative societies by budget .w ~ V, a V i s} F r0. f r~ r + f I rt 4 d~~~11 ,~ t 1pk ix~s titutions) . 2 The goods delivered or the services rendered are to be paid for by those receiving them (the purchase.rs). The method of such payment is arranged contractually between the parties. Payment is not made on receipt of the goods, but against invoices' accounts and bills from the suppliers. 3. In most cases payment is made at the place where the purchaser maintains a clearing account; and his concept (acm CepLance) is indispensable for such payment. Payment may also be made out of the letter of credit or special account of the pur- chaser at the place where the supplier maintains a clearing ac- count, i.e. likewise with the payer's assent. The acceptance form is preferable, for under it the purchaser himself irrmedi- ately checks the fulfilJznent of the contract by the supplier, thus strengthening khozraschet and intensifying the pressure on the supplier in the direction of precise fulfil:u ent of his contract. L. . The preferred, acceptance form of settlement is used both in local (intra-city) settlements (where both supplier and ? are located in the same city) and in out-of-town settle- purchaser ments, (where supplier and purchaser are located in different , . cities). The letter of credit and the special account are em- ployed only it out-of-town settlements rx s,, r w re i N Ni 5 f v~ 'qN YF' M ti S 4 n 1 h !; i K vdr. J , 7>fl ~ ~ 41r ~ t n t ~ Y 7 1 r ~R ~ f' o f r '~i ~ h 1 t I 4 err t~ s ~ i, P a h o so a~ a zes~n or w3u a ~ l t ~~ l~rl} ~~d~:tfrM` tiRl}3~~~rN~ ,h'~'D,~i~~lr~ ,, ~ i n?'i' ,f,, f? . r vf`~I.? ~ ~~Y(. ~' 4 ~ ~~ i? N 11~~~i ~ ~~?Q'~"js ~fj" ~~~}C~~ ~dr, E>+. 1r ~kr a 7 A ,~w i . h. ~x L1~ Ih , i^ , I ,~ ~, r ,,ale ! ulfu I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 to the peculiarities of the individual branches of the national must invariably be made through the bank, I Settlements ~ all settlements are made by clearing, The overwhelming mad ora.ty of ~sferred from the clearing, letter of whereby amounts are tr credit, special, special loan or other accounts of the payer to the clearing accounts of the suppliers. a rents only to the extent of the funds 6. f rhe bank makes p~ of its pos session, and only with the consent of the the payer in payer. 7. On the basis of the existing laws the bank sets up an obligatory procedure of documentation and technique of settle- ~, rrlen?ts, follows up the observation of settlement discipline, and, :_n the case of payers not disposing of sufficient funds, observe the payment priorities prescribed by law. In addition to the general forms and procedures for settlement (acceptance, letter of credit and special accousettlement ~a so establishes specialized form of settlement adapted the bank al . economy. i Violation of the rules of document circulation is punished by a fine. So as not to burden the bank with a vast volume of small ons, and to avoid interference with the concentration of its operations, and to avoid interference with the concentration of its ~ attention on the settlements which are more important from the nat c point of view, it has been prescirbed that outs- of-town economic of town settlements of 1000 rubles and upwards are to be routed vl, ddr~xQ"J))~ J ~i bk~r~PPd btfl~~l~~~11,~ ~APAJ~rI "rx`yP Il g ~, ;!!1rti u1 or y Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: IA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 163 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 E through the bank (see pp 99100 fox the exceptions) while city th 100 rubles (this ' Fr settlements are handled by it be,a,nna ng i a~r~ount may be increased to X00 rubles by the State Bank). Small settlements for out'-of~town transactions (less than the minimum) V. O. D. basis or made through the organs of the ComYl~issariat of Communications; while small local settlements are made in cash. 2. CLBSNG ACCOUNTS AND CURRENT ACCOUNT'S Almost al:;.. forms of settlement operations are connected in one way or another with the clearing (or current) account of the client. The tern ttclearing account " in the sense in which we use it, was employed for the first time in the decree of the S'A'O dated 22 July 1931: "On the working capital funds of economic organs". In the seventh section of this decree we read: " All funds of the economic organs, both their own and borrowed, are deposited in the clearing account of the organ with the State Bank from which said organ shall make all expenditures and pay all of the obli- t gations.' Clearing accounts are opened for organizations and enterprises engaged in economic activity, placed on a.. regime of khozraschet, possessing their own working capital and final balance sheet, and , making settlements according to the contracts made by them. Cur- rent accounts, on the other hand, are opened Lor organizations. not ified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-000 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 .C C Interest on clearing accounts is computed quarterly; and annually on current accounts. All settlements for the basic, "exploitational" activity of an economic organ are ref/ ect3d in the clearing account; economic instance, for the operation of a factory, for trading activity, count is maintained with the State Bank. As a rule etc. This ac one cleat ?ing account with the State Bank is opened for each econo- mic the eqloitational" c1~ aring accounts of housing, ~.c organ. On communal arid cultural enterprises are kept in the Tsekombank sys-, while those of organizations doing building contracting are tern, kept an those special banks that finance that particular line of ? . construction. 165 engaged in economic activitY, namely, for instit'.itions existing under a state budget (un iona republic or local), as we1:i. as for professional partY and public organizations. If the budgetary , institutions have enterprises under khozraschet (publishing houses, rest homes, e'uc), such enterprises have clearing accounts, not current accounts. On the other hand, such economic organizations kolihozes and small Sel'po without bank credit rating have as current accounts instead of clearing accounts. Pa rrent of goods delivered as services rendered to the v customers with clearing accounts are made automatically by the bank if' there are sufficient funds in the account, unless advice not to pay is received from the customer. Such payments, however, pY d are made from current accounts, in the names of k11khozes, vii- /age soviets, ets, ~, rofessional and party organizations, only on receipt p of direct instructions from the payer customer. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 The specia1 accounts for capital repairs', which represent, as were sA? ecia1.purpose clearing accounts, are a variant form ~. were, the latter. The character and purpose will be discussed below, of in section J.O. These special accounts are opened in the same bank where the economic organ keeps its "exploi'tati.onal" clearing ac- count. nr;v'u DC, An economic organ may also have an account for settlements of capital investment, for construction (financing account or accoui 1t current). This account is usually kept in the special bank concerned. These three forms of account make it possible for the bank to check the employiiont of the econol?c resources according to purpose. The bank must not allow the payment of capital expendi- tures from the clearing account for the client's basic activity (except for what are called withinpJiJnit expenditures), nor the payment of operating expenses from the dapital construction ac- count. To assure the possibility of checking the utilization of funds according to their assigned purpose, special certificates are submitted to the bank in a number of cases, besides the docu- mer ts necessary for the operation. Such certificates may cover, for instance, the payments of sums for wages, for amortization, etc. In addition to this, supplementary data, in many cases are on the documents (bills, orders, checks) serving as basis entered for the operation (notations such as for capital construction", for instance) from which the regularity of the proposed appli- cation of funds maybe established. In this manner the bank main- tains an operative control over the use of funds for their intended Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 nk may make a post.auda.t a iunber off' cases the ba d$ purpose. Zn for instance ~ ~~~' the c~.ient as to whether, on the pxe,m~.se,~ o been used fox es have actua~.~.y ~,~~ repairs or wad a5signed or caA' the purpose specified. Besides the usual earing and current accounts, there are E cl . trala.~ed r transit and cen and current) sub_accounis, a7so cl,earin~ ( ' accoun on of funds. Their ? for the accu?ati is used exclusively' are opened rode eature is the fact that they characteristic f and ~~ , ' cand t , ' ca`~~-on by the clients), ~ Ithout apple by the b~~k~ (~w these accounts these pendentlY the hank makes no palents out of them. Details on we or~1y re.~` orresponding; sections)' r are given below(in the c n accumulating apec- of the bank i wartime the work mark that during anded -- for instance, fulzda \as very considerably e ~ puxpose of funds contributed by Movie' patriots to the :Funds for the re- construction o the economy regions Freed from the German o f ~ responding current account was opened in the cupat~-un. The cot r d other' offices of the State Dank, and these funds were branches month the balances off ' the ac ' credited to It. At the, end of the J to the pperating Head (erred (through the ito) count were -trans 'nistration, which in tarn tr~.ns~ quarters of the Mate Bad Adma ea. is side of the Union budge (erred them to 'fie rec p ccaunt, the client must current a To open a clearing or entered in the fans must be en ~ to the ba;ik (A~-1 economic orb, {a pre,,o ,,nt t ~ ? existence. This xebis rises to active state register of enterp ns~ and its local organiZatio and an ab- der is kept. by the NIA' an he required certificate. } ` stract from this register i s `~ 167 c.J Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 F Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 an application for the e apena,ng of the account ; (2) a cert if ied copy of the charter or relations governing the activity of the g of the higher' level links in the organiza' client; (3) the orders als of the general assembly of members of the tional pattern, pratoc kolkhoz or cooperative, powers of attorney or other documents pre'- ?'.r of the 7ersans authorized to dispose of cisely defina- ?ng the duties 7. as well as the order appointing the chief or the client's funds, senior bookkeeper; (1) a list of persons authorized to sign for the client in disposing of the account, with sample signatures and a sample impression of the client's seal, and (~) a certifi" cafe of registration from the f inaneial organ, Gertl 'fication from the finance organ as to registration is not required for the opening of a current account for a kalkp hoz, public, trade-Union or budgetary organization, nor for en- terprises whack are not independent legal entities (such as a ? c. K 1 documents respecting financial settle- nlS~lo'pent~~ m in a p7. ant, et ) must necessarily bear not only the authorized signatures .._ directors, managers, chairman of the adminis- for the account ?on etc., but also the signature of the chief or senior . trata ~' i baokkee er of the enterprise or organization, or of a person t, p duly authorized by him to sign in his shad. This is required by the /law of Sept 29, 1932, which assures control over financial ~settlement documents by the bookkeeping department Transfer documents must be properly drawn and attention (by a higher-level organization, or by a notary). The client must notify the bank immediately of revocations 168 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 in general,. of all ahanges in the of pavers of attorney, and, account. dis ose of the ca?earing or current persans authorized to p The bank pera.oda?caliy sends the client an abstract of ose the indi~ridual account a.s made up its account, For this s purp in duplicate), which serves as an abstract, or with a copy (i.e. ~ client statements are sent as agre~.d with the statement. Such 'ten than month- ... daily, every 3, ~ , 10 days, and in no case less of ? e affa~xed the documents explaining; the en- ly. TO the COp].eS ar ccount without the instructions of tries which were made in the a ' memos (and invoice-accounts}, the client -- for instance, posting . is of transfers to the accounts of for payment of b~.l.Ls, and l~ ~.s r a~. oods turnover. OopteS of the docu the suppliers in the lac g account-holder itself are not sent to its rnents arig~ ~.nat~ ~.ng in the refe~^ these and all that is necessary is to since it already has ~ . to their numbers and dates. to the individual account is written The text of entries in abbreviated form, or is replaced by key_flgures, the mean- reva.ously 00mmunicated to the client. ings of which have been p The client must notify the bank immediately of any mis- sing statements or documents as soon as the fact i$ discovered, but no later in any event than the time of receipt of the fol- lowing stata11ent. The cla.ent IS s obligated to advise the bank of any dis- ? ade b the bank in its account within agreement with the entries m y ten days after receipt of the statement. The balance statement u C) 19 (.) Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 00 C_ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 on the list of January must be either confirmed made up by the bank or protested by the cl~.~ .. ~nt within 10 days (20 days for rural cl,ientel e ). show a3.1 discrepancies between the clients entries Protests must and the bank's entries. The bank is obligated to verify the signature of the client on documents for payment (checks, orders, vouchers for pay's- merit ent etc by comparison with the original signatures on file. Losses, -s, occasioned by charges to a clearing or current ~ account made by the bank in reliance on Forged documents are borne by the client unless the bank is proved to have been at fault. The bank has the right to refuse payment on a check if the check, or its signatures, appear doubtful, or if its amount ex~ ceeds the credit balance of the accounto The client is obligated to indicate the purposes for which ~' cash or transfers from one account to another. it draws sums in t if closed, or operations in its discontinued, In case the accoun checks and checkbooks must be returned to the bank. all unused Accounts that remain inactive for three months are closed by the bank. 170 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co Approved for Release 2012J03/28 .CIA-RDP82-0003980002000600 ~ ~? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CURRTNT AQQQ[TS OF ~LK~1QZ1S 3. PECUS~IARxTIia OF Th d a~,~,ta~ca3. ampoxtance of the concen' The a,~-amense economa.c arid cxeas~'lg kolld~oZ funds a.n the bank trata.on off' the continually " ~n ia1 attention to this question. :Coxces us to pay spec Of kalkhozes are distinguished by a the current accounts es, Specifically, the bank makes no chares number of pecul. ~ara.ta. kha2 without its direct dispositIan, against the accounts of a kol the chairmen of the management orders, checks, etc. , signed by confi'irmed by the seal of the i klkho~ ? and by the bookkeeper, and ran$fers and letters of credit frora cure The ~?nlmum amoti~.t of t .usual mini- khozes if 2~o rubles instead of the mum accounts of k~l. mum of 1000 rubles, Transfers in favor of kolkhozes are paid out ' t regardless of the amount. State in cash, if they request 1 , ts are sent to kolkhozes at least meats of their current acco ' to charges to the current accounts oa twice a month. lnvolun ry . court execution, and may not in kilkho~ are al~.owed only under percent of the balance in the account, and of any case exceed lo Jawed an to it. A higher interest rate is- subsequent add~.t~.ons lthozes w.. 3.~ percent annuallY? the the current accounts of kol zes are kept in detailed text, without current accounts of kolkho abbreViati?ons or symbols. Kolkhozes remote from State Bank establishraen?'s,may have reem,ent with the bank, at the nearest a current sub account, by ag ' Ce. The koloz es make their deposits past and telegraph offi h from them, and carry out various to these accounts, withdraw cis ar~nts of kalkk1ozes with establishes transfers. The current subacc "~~'~~' ~: 'Fd p ~f~/1} ~ rc y+t 1 eN~g n o~ 1!! p r{y;~y~,c i i C': ~? ,~ +.6 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ments of the Nkavyaz are kept under tht instructions ancI directions of the State Bank, in agreement with the Nksvyaz, which details an accountant specially for this purpose. The documents and enM tries on these accounts are subject to a rigid control, The operM ations are pasted both to the detail current subaccounts of the kolkhozes, and to a special daily report sheet, which is sent to- gether with the original documents to the State Bank establish- raent concerned. The State Bank establishrnent, on the basis of the docu- ments and the report sheets, shows the operations carried out on its balance sheet. The operations involving cash are reflected in the current accounts of the kolkhozes in correspondence with account No 1I.7 "Nksvyaz for transfer operations" (by separate sub-account) whale the clearing transactions are entered through the current accounts of the kolkhozes in correspondence with the balance-sheet accounts involved. l~. RECEIPT AND PAYMENT Or CASH ON CLEARING AND CURRENT ACCOUNTS Cash is accepted on the basis of deposit slaps, of hich the form is shown on page 61i.. Before these deposit slips are turned over to the cashier's office, they are checked by the operations clerk and the controller and registered by the Ja tter in the cash receipts journal. The postings to the customers account are made only from deposit slips on which cash has already been paid in to the teller. At the end 172 zh~r I~iF}sr., + Vrf~, ? s J r',?kL 1.7 ) 1' I s v:.': I 1'~ i.:r, ii J..1.., l li, a I ~..~;~~ }. I'.4 J ~'?:: i' 1;.:; ~.,. sf< + i;". 1 ::,J. ~~+:~ !i 1~IJ ~.~!v~. L.,!lk :. ,.. \'. ,~ ~ ~ ~J... .;~J~_? .. . s ., .I S' I,u s. .. ., ~..s ?. ~1.1m ~ -2J~+. .^ ~~ .r adl ?1 xvv I ~!'r 1 1 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 The bank draws up its cash plan according to the verified xamined materials from the firi.S, and then Pol- and critically e course of its execution, relying for its guidance on lows up the the purpose r shown by the clients for the use of cash on the corresponding documents. The clients draw cash from the bank from their clearing or current accounts by checks, of the form shown on page 63. A cheek is written on a blank issued to the client by It must have a certain requisite and be properly the bank. drawn. ? TI these conditions are observed, and there are enough funds the bank will pay the check. Checks to a named payee are used by the Spetabanki in settlement or capital construction, and by the State Sank for cash execution S of the State budget, for the accounts of the and also at the request of the holders of consumer cooperatives, clearing and current accounts (mostly when funds are withdrawn shiers of. enterprises to xepienish' their from the bank by the ca the cash has been checked by operations bri~ ai' the day, after Bade or group, the total suns nary entry (not by separate deposits is made from the cash receipts journal to the general journal: credit the clearing or current accounts of Debit t'Cash" account. group VII of the balance sheet. clients withdraw cash from the bank for small pur' The chases and minor expenses as well as to pay wages to their , workers. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ail nl~A I'~~5tita L ~ ~ &~' dt v' ~ha~4~1j! .~;a;,i17i1k+aY Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 supplies of cash. ) payee, bank is obligated on pain a check to a named pa~ ' to '(The passport serves as a dacument to verify the ident. ~,ty (s~~he pas p evidence identity ' The bank notes the pe,sspox't numbers by whom back of the cheClcx) of the person issued and when issueda on the. the back of the cYieck, who presents it and to bake from him, on ?to or the monty. A bearer check is pa~.cl by the ban a receipt fo any esu of course ? without his endorsement (unl one who presents it, eck a..n questian has been s?calen it has been notified. that the ch or lot.) cial application to the bank to The client submlbs a spe ,_O0ir. (_. fTh --s appli cation has a detachable stub, receive a chcck~u~~. - - r ,. and to 'checkbook from the cashierts o f'f jce, used to obta:~n the of the cashier, who receives in cash the value settle with th,e ? coma .ns the client" s und,ertaking checkbook . ) This Thappl ? ~ca~~ '~on t d ke~ to prevent checks from o keep the Checkbook under lock any , blank check issued to the client the being stolen. On each the ccount holder and the number of bank puts the name of the a check hand. The person who receives the c account by ~tssnp or by establish his identity. The book exh~-bits his passport to numbers of the checks issued are noted on the back of tb,e signa~? ubsec'ueritly presented for payment Lure card; when checks are s l made out ra~rlined to see whether they have been their numbers are e~. The use of checks t issued by the bank fcaation of check of control Declassified to another clien . e 1 client 'is not pert fitted. The veri- bers is one the most important elements of and ?should,. be made simultaneously with the therefore dp' r a 9 dlvdh R^"7y~'fn.,f ! , 7~ VV`r"h ~ LI ~ 154 4~nr49r?~iF~l~4y^rp j[~rti~ ~ 1M'F k~ ^ 'i(~~I"~ ~ ~4'~V~r~ n Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 a II o?o 'CD Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~;s on checks I3eoxe isau~.ng a check- vex~.f icatian of the s? ~.gr~atux vexifi.es the number of cheeks in it. book, the cashier The amount rece d by the cashier during the course a~ ~,ve checkbooks, is debited, after veri~~.ca- a ~?~ ~the day ? ~ payment I n ~,t and is credited to accazaut Na 2~ ?~ion, to the ' casY~ aces ~ cea. ts" while the blank checks issued to the nlv1.:~5cellaneous re p " o deliveries from the non-balance?-sheet client are charged t account No 1451 !rblanks of strict accol~ntabili'~y't~ '21iecks for pa7n1ent are presented to the operations clerk ' .~ or current account of the client, The who handle s the c1Ear~n b - f gna verifies the requisites, the identity o the sao operations clerk ? ~ les on files the agreement of the check Lures and seal. with the aarrtp the checkbook issued to the client, and numbers with those in the presence of for payrnent in the account. If there is f .ds ent the operations clerk tears off the nothing to prevent pay r- ~ it to the client, (requires the payee to control stub and gives . is to a rued payee), charges the amow'it endorse the check ~.~ it - c unt and delivers he customer's account sheet to the customer's acco , controller for audit.. The controller, after and the check to the . the amount of the check in the cash pa,1ment5 Jour- audit, enters nal (In State Sank establishments with centralized machine account- is not kept by the controller, but by the ing a the cash journal and also in the messenger notebook, and then operations clerk.),. . sends the check (against receipt in tY~e messenger notebook or the cash disbursements journal) to the cashiers Office. The casYz-? ? signatures of the bank officers, calls ier, after ~ the vex ~.fyx.ng f the contra/ stub, .anal after aska,ng him. the payee by the nunaber o Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ' the ` ayment. At the end off ~.t he iS to receaVe, makes p what arno eneral journal owin- entries are made an the g the day the f of ~ ~ ainst the Sement$ aourna1 (after proof ag fxom the cash da+sbura edit "cash' ac- Cash~ ~ Debit clear:lg or current accounts, cr cot. SHE BAINK' s CONTROL oV;R THE DISRURS '1NT OF WAGE FUNDS e 'tLltians must furnish thbank Budget and lchazxaschet nsta. 'with the cextif irate of the local Finoxgani an the registration or their exemption f ram, such of their staff complement with, ~ ds ~, to make sure that the fun registration. The bank follows p - ents by ~,ozraschet and budget institu received for wage paw and the id to th.e actual number of employees Lions caxrespor ' thaut exceedRng the wage fund ~iount assigned for wages, without s and conf arned by the higher-lave registered by the NK~ orgara organiZatians. For this purpose, budget and ozrascYiet institutions, when ts of the second half am cash from the baik for the wage par dxdw~.ng r number nt a certificate to the bank, showing . of the montY~, present ~ o xesently employed, wage fd of employees aL~.thoxiZed. and nL~mbex p an present status; settlements with emptoyees authorised and ~. ts ~ ands' amount al- leave; "gage deductions for taxes and governmen r~ b a nts from the bank during current ready received for wage pale month; balance sta. ' ll to be drawn from bank. ' to with the figures on the wage On checking this certif ica registered with the Finoan, and on ayment fund authorized and regl p 37G .::. _ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027 -5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~ aut ',a,Yida f o~' wags the arr~ount s already paid out, the ban pays is author?.~e the bank to the carne ~~ne tile. clien ntM amav payments. ~ ~ Iran current aCCpUntS the sfer from their clean-~'g or is on subsc~^ap.. a.nstal.~~en from wage parents fox taxes, withheld fr , nsux,~ce tiurls to government 1oar~s, aid social. ethree days to omen d oth em" r~~punts not paid out witha- three of the ark. (Gm the u1structions must be returned to the b r ,_. p~,Uy~;es cltien~, ~.ey erep1ay~ ~:.~ for ~? s the co~lpensation to wa:~ ~c;lu+ aria aLh cl.eara.ng ac~ used leave ., duxa.ng warta.me was trans ecial accounts or current ac ~'e~from their colmts of such clients to sp ount of the c depasit;'accaurlts operad. in a savings bank in the name wozker invalVed,) card of the funds tsued kee s track on a speca.al The bank p budget irlstitu'tion or khoz- a erns to each separate f.ax wage p ~ tt a,schet organization' This card sl~.ows the authorised camp. ~' of workexs, the authoriz wage payme nt fund, the dates of ed ' is disbursed by the bank or meets therefrom and the amavn bursa the .55U .CC of funds onthly reports cov'erang are this purpose or g to budget and khozraschet ozg for wage payments for each gavern- hese cards. These reports show drawn up from ~ , meet de~' the number of organi2at10ns comp/e .artment (Narkamat) ent fund uthorized and payroll) wage pa meet Of workers ~a is aid? ounts paid and cash amour p a,~,thorigros,r ~ am ches send these reports to "their Regianal Office The bran reports for umm y Re ianal Branches send s ar on the..$th, and the.. g e Head the Cray ar 'Oblast to th diced monthly of the wage paymentsmade by each organisation is au f l(..)o 1, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 k's wage payment control inspector or credit man. The by the ban a monthly by b r the banlO s wage parent control inspector or credit marn. The amounts of any o~ erpayrnents by the bank are deducted from the payments made by it during the following month. Funds for payment ~s are issued only when there is a special assignment to of prema.u~ the I hozorgan for that purpose. amounts of any ove'px aYments made by each organization is audited r, level organs. The wage payments made by industra.a7- enterprises All state and cooperative industry& enterprises (factories, plants, power stations, mines, worksbops, etc.) must have quarter 1y wage payment funds, broken down by months and confirmed by higher- but such overexpenditure must be made good during the following month. The covering ng of a repeated relative overexpenditure not exceeding 10 percent of the planned fund, must be authorized by the director of the Glavka or trust. Funds may be delivered to cover a repeated relative overeXPenditure exceeding 10 percent there is a relative overexpendituzle of 5 percent. The bank, of its own authority, will issue funds to cover the first relative over- expenditure not exceeding 10 percent of the monthly planned fund, gram. If the percentage of utilization of the wage payment fund exceeds that of the fulfillment of the production program, the condition is termed relative overexpenditure of the wage payment fund. For instance, if 90 percent of the wage payment fund has been withdrawn when 85 percent of the program has been fulfilled ?urn.sd on.ihere necessary, the wage fund must be rediatri- cti ~. ~ lanned fund only with the authorization of the Narkom having p the of Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 must correspond to the stage of fulfillment of the production pro- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 buted within the trust or Glavka. If the amot>nt of the wage payments charged (for instance 105000 rubles) is higher than the amount of the fund (say 100000 rubles), there is an absolute overexpenditure of the fund (amount- ing to 5000 rubles.) The Narkoms and the directors of Glavki and trusts must eliminate absolute overexpenditures by internal re~ distribution of the wage payment fund, so that the amount of such wage paTtlent fund authorized for the trust, Glavka or Narkomat is not exceeded. when the productive program is overfulfilled by an industrial enterprise, the State Bank increases its disbursements of funds to it for wage payments. The amount of relative overexpenditures must be covered in due course by the Glavka or trust (by means of internal redistribution). Unless it is, the amount is deducted from the funds issued for wage payments in the following month. From the context, it would seem that "relative overexpenditure" might well be a printer's error for absolute overexpenditure]. The enterprise submits a monthly report to the bank covering the wage payments and showing the percent of fulfillment of the productive plan in terms of gross production turned out during the month involved From the cards showing the funds disbursed by it for wage payments, the bank prepared a monthly report of funds dis- bursed for wage payments of industrial enterprises. This report gives the data for each government deparhnent (Narkomat), separ~ ately arranged for enterprises fulfilling, and overfulfilling the Declassified 179 n Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 C) C) Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 epa ou~it of wages disbursed (sl~iowing wage fu~1d: (14) ~' o~ wages issued in excess o~ the wriber of enterprises and amounts ~ rs n excer~ t of the production1 plan); (~ amout tage of the ~'ul~'~-llmen . p a cash wages; (6) amo'u1t of aut 'norizatiozis received. on account oed fund' and (7) number of enterprises cover of reallocation of the ~ by such authoriZations)? For enterpzises in the second group (not fu~.filling the also indicates who has authori2ed roduction program) the report a p e of program fu1?- sement of wages above the percentag the da.sbur fillment. verifica~ions at the p~?ema.ses a The bank makes pera.o~.c ' the correctness of the certificate on the the enterprise as to of the funds and as to the correctness of the use enumerated wages in pa7Tnent of wages. The bk demands a certificate i'rora the enterprises and the above system of control does not organa.zaans to which tr cultural ox'ganizations } 'showing the apply' (for instance, agri the fund authorised for it. C actually acCrL~.eda wages, and . OF CL E NG OR CURBE1 T ACCOUNTS 6. THE CpNpUCT arin or current, account for The bank :,keeps a detail cl e g ber of f orrr1alities, as we already each client. There are a nura p W~.th respec'~ to en xi2ed wage ~'ld; (3 ) enwnerated nwnber of enterpx^ise5; (~) au~. ~ho shows. (1) ethe _1+.1v or those f a.1ifl to ~w1.fl:l,1 it. xoduc tiVe program and ~ p ? ~ ir1 the first grau~a j the report r~se~ ter Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RD P82-000398000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 visual control. }4 Sfi t { i, ~Y~S41~19,1Srll t1~, y~ t~ If rpd.r!t~Flrih ~ vas, +~41 f~rr11,.~,~14{A ri1~,Spl,tr7q~ 1i~, {mC' The balance of a detail' account carried forward to the know, that accompanyr the opening, of an account. Such opening must be authorized by the manager of the bank branch and ini- tial1ed by the chief bookkeeper. A special "register of active accounts" is kept for each balance-sheet account. to dispose of all its funds, including the credit entries,for the J current day. rrent day . In this staffel the amount of each turnover is en- i tered without text, and a new balance shown after each debit entry. Sometimes a position-sheet is kept, which shows the balance of the at all Mmes. All entries to the detail accounts and account Every entry to a customers account must be based on the proper docuunent, to which it must specifically refer. It is necessary to be very vigilant that no debit balance arises on cleari..n or current accounts. For this purpose an account must u always be balanced after each debit entry, or after a number of them made simultaneously. Under decentralized machine account- ing, the entries are made and verified during the execution of the operation itself. If the machine service is centralized (a~1 a factory or department of mechanized accounting), then the oper- ations do not coincide in time with the entries to the customers' accounts, which usually takes place after the operation has been completed. In this case the operations brigade is compelled to keep their own operative customer's account -- called a staff'el -- in order to be able to conduct operations and allow the client the documents on which they are based, are subjected to a careful following day is transferred to the balance control-sheet, while 18I ~P: 1 h t , ,. ( 5'R ilk f` I 1 f i 1 1 r h 3 V p', t f l 1 t v 1 w.^r,t i , 11 xr J t. . ~, i t a r 4 Y h 4 4 (a, r t ( t t h + r o I V f t r 1 1 # a o', 4 u 1 1d r I r f ~ r ,{ III ~'t ray , , t ~ ~ ~, ~ Ir, i ( v Tr ?~~~~~~~` r~1~~hdN'"A~, it{i~ FY r3~1r~ruY rlrta+~,u lY~l t, js~~ Irt 1" ~ I`+'y~j Nl',li l~M#}ylrit~viV/#~7~,(~t~'i,~y.1P~Pll1?g}7~~,+71Yfj ~'I' ~dvt~h^ll4~?.fa31yn3 9~~t!'y~ ~ ft4'a ~ zYtl+r{ ~ ~rrdp~',f. rQM I I U+ F ^?};. ~t ~7 ~,lr,t'f {7,'1ta,~t tk4y~Yd'.! ~ nr.4+4J~I+P{r~+il ,~~~*~~ } r L s s, I: @r I4, t, t ^r; 1 4' '? A r:'t d, I } 4, L. 7r f I tiii Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82 00039R000200060027-5 i5r+.~ ~~y 0 State ' Barak ;orone~h Oblast Regional Office Date' planation March Balance brought forward 3 DePosit? _ check from Alcohol Grossed plan~, t on V /list No 1 n Check Nb 797) V /order No 3u9 Income Tax Transferred Check Na 793L O 10 Receive nd on Bill No 1L85 13 Posting, Memo ]. Limited e a d Checkbook issued ? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Foal No 11 Clearing Account No 60012 0NEZH PRa2ITORG of VOR 7 Tess . ul a Plethanova, 2 add ~ Sheet I'Io 3 Balance sheet account Rio 50 Under jurisdiction of ` ~ktorg d 3 i e s Balance a Document Ent r Contra Credit Credit account . , No Debit . 18 13 55 23 ig 15 5,100 190 16 520 oil 17 180 2613. 89 263 120 26,50o 219 112 1S,000 50a78Oo9 20,000 - 80,?780.% 6,320 - 87,100,95 82,00.95 81,:2180.97 81;000.95 i!;,ooo 96,000.95 69P5Oo,95 54; 5O0.95 Checked by Controller Ivanov Ivanov IvafOV Ivanov Ivanov ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 1 Issued Letter of :Qr dit i to Kursk 12,1~50 82,550.95 Ivanov ;Liquidated Time Loan No 119 061 160 30,500 S2 7 O5O,y Ivanov Transferred v /Remittance T Order No 361 . Credited Interest on Account 22 90 5 31 Charged Fine fo r Violating Rules of Document Circulation 2 80 37,195095 118 2~ ~ 95,901.77 Ivanov Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Form No 11 conttd 49 25,000 70,100,95 Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov 7,000 38,200.95 Ivazov Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 c~ . al added up or all the detail the debit ar~d credit dui^novExs, the s~a~ ceMsheet account are entexed on counts of a given balan coUu~t ~ These cards d the 1~alance card of the balanee..aheet ac .he xoo~f separate accounts are utlla.zed in the p control sheet for the uepa~ e chapter 3) ? a~.nst the synthetic use of the ana~.yt~.ca1. account.ng agexsonal ac;cots are also used The balance contxolwsh?et of the p an for accruing Interest. Thee are mentioned below. We prevent ng account for ~.~-ustxative purposes ale of a customer's cleax:~ exam on the following page. 7 ? THE ? LOWANCF of xNTEPEST al~.owed may be reflected in the cus- So that the a-nt ere St the same quarter, interest is figured for Comers acco~.u~t durg t 30 days of for 8L days (30 days of January, the first quarter onJ y and 2L C dita.onally taken as 30 days Febz~~ary (each month is can days and third quarters, 90 days each . ys for March, for the second a . of arch, 30 days each for April fox the second quarter 6 days ( analogy for the third Nay, and 2L days for 11une ,and by and y~ e 30 days each for July and August and 24 quarter: 6 days for Jun ~ da s for September ,) and 96 days for the fourth quarter (6 days. y for October, November and December). for September and 30 days each the durin the course of the quar- intexest computation is prepared g he account di hg the last 6 days of the texand is posted to t ~, December for the fourth quarter. quarter, and on the 3 cordin to ~,nterest numbers, which xn~texes?t is computed ac . g are f= l balance of the acCOt, These balances ax are based on the dax y blance control-sheet. On those days when the taken f ro~i the , ~ ~ ~ l~^rJ~'n~t v . ~?P.~ .n?P~~ .6;~an,4P?~.~ R~~ a p'~~~~~w }~F7 ~ " ~~ ~9Ci~a'6~~! ~Lly"~,Nz~ ~a~t~~~ytid~~~~~ `n~ `;17;' t,r~rS ~.~~i`~uY`~~~`"?~ rho .~~~~ ~") ~~ ~a eta, i ~. nNEi~ ~~,~.~7~.~ l,~k IMN rait~;X~il u.l~ I`Ci~9~u~ O~rPq }'~~y ~t ..},~ ~N~~, IH ~~,~i f 4'r ~I~n ~~r ~'I~l% III MCi71P f~YAKi h,y 4id'Y: ~h.l1,N`J~'~~h Ia~1`~11~~wi'~r~vA~~{,~.,.~,~~tr,.'kat~?t pDeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ovement in the accost) changed (when there was no m ,aa~.ance is un e f or the preceding day s repeated. the ba7,anc r , f the fox~n~a or comp interest nwnbers is a part a The ~. the number of The Canount, multiplied by " ~.ng interest, na~iely: ason the interest n~unb er is 100. For t1=a?s ~'~ ~' days d divided by ~ the thirty balances of the end of the month by adding obtained at th the ac omi'ttir1g ~Opeks, and divid:~ng the count during the month total by 100. ` 'merest nLUnbex must be calculate the interest, the ~ To quotient of 360 divided by a constant divisor, i.e. by the q. (days) The ~ntexest rate for divided by the interest rates ercent? nts has been set at l.S p clean-ng current aCCOv The total of the balances for a Let us take an ample. ~ ustarnex account was x,32,520 (30 balances), 2,11,O50 for p 'a ~-~ , c d 1'922,020 for Mach (2 b~,.s,nces) February ~ ances}, a~1 `~. ex for each mt~nth by da,v~. ~ We obtain the 1nterest ., ? da. n each L numb of e first quarter the total of the these numbers. For the cnta. is 91,6 (LB32~ 2L11019220.) The constant f interest numbers rcent is 240 (360: `; al interest rate of 1.~ pe divisor fox an annu of the interest, we divi-de the tot l.~) To find the total visors (916' Lo) and ?b taa.n by the constan~, di . P~ interest nurnbexs bJ out is credited to of 381 rubles ~9 kopeks. This f the .~, interest allowed is entered as -1 t a . , rr l the detail clearv?zg acca r ~~ : credit fol;i.ows: debit, to account0 2~2 t~Op'erat~.ng expenae , or current accounts. C.~earlno . I 7 l'M ? 91^iq wt'~IA ~2{ifi i~!! iAl i fr:ill W ~; v~kt Ti iyl~~k lryl ~\~r~f^tVis'54 ~~ldyiMRI~11n ,f~~u,Y~yi~ya jrf{I~~1 r^iW. I~ ~irt?,?~4s IVVUI~x~ikSl~~7lIi 4I tdl Tyl i~'!'J)Fh Syrl,~~~~~i7.'~y'hNlnyk~~V d''~mlr)i'it ~rk~~)7~k*!AV}a"ti~~TR:FB'a1t1~'7i#{d~j~iRi r;: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 185 e Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 THE ACCEPTANC {' FO i OF SET'ILf ENT ANB THE COLLECTION SYSTEM As has already been mentioned the acceptance farm of To verify the accuracy of the interest nur>,bers, they are corn- uted not only frrnrl the daily baJ.ances of the analytical customers -p account, but also from the balances of the synthetic account that embraces the corresponding customers account. Both calculations must give the same result. The interest numbers for each month are entered on a special. statement. There are also separate state- ments for the computation of quarterly interN$t and for the entire year (on current accounts.) a. CLOSING A CLEAflING OR, CURRENT ACCOUNT An account is closed on the initiative of the client or of the bank. when the account is closed, the client conf irins the balance and returns the remaining unused blank checks, which are cancelled by the bank so that neither the checks nor their con- trol stubs can be used, perforating them by cutting off the place for signature, after wiiich they are filed with the documents of the day. Interest is computed on the account to the day it is closed and is credited to the account. The balance of the closed account together with the interest, if no other disposition is made of it, is credited to the account "Other debtors and credi'- tors" and until barred by the statute of limitations (l . S years) may be withdrawx1 by the client or disposed of according to its directions. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 :.UY Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 settlements is the basic one, and is distinguished from the other that the settlement takes place at the locality forms by the fact his clearing account, that his consent (ac- where the payee h keeps , Ceptance) is essentials and that it is limited to the amount in the account. From 1931 untf 1 March 1936, (or in some case 1 February 1936) the bank serving the payer (We shall term this the payer's bank in future, for the sake of brevity.) received the documents on which the demand of the supplier was based wA in- voice accounts --Vfirectly from the supplier. If the payer con- sented and had the funds to the invoiceraCCOUslts, the amount charged to its clearing accounts was sent by the bank to the supplier city for credit to the latter's clearing account. Thus the bank ser,i- citag the supplier (Henceforth called 1t supplier's bank''.) did not participate in the verification and dispatch of its in.voiCO ao- counts, but merely Imow of the arrival of pamments for them. The bank did not check the timeliness of the supplier's presentation of documents for payment, and could not correctly organize the financing of credit documents in transit, since it knew nothing of these documents. If documents were lost, it was difficult to establish whether the supplier, postoffice or bank was to blame. In order to eliminate these substantial defects and to improve the bank's servicing of settlement operations, the collection system was introduced in 1936. Under this system the suppliers bank receives the pa3tment 187 c:D Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 liar ver~,i'~.es them, and sends them to do cumen?r's from the supp , ~, a ex's bank or its parr sees to it the place of payments. The p y . that timely payment ? i3 made; for the documents, end sends the ? a er by debit to its clearing account, ounts recc:~vecl fa~om. the p y ~ for credit to the accouflt of the supp7.ier. to the suppliers bank The essence of the collection system consequently consists in from its clients (the suppliers) the bank's execution of co~v~lissions to receive payments or ^ their account (from the purchaser payers the dacuunents for paya~nent, and the pay~1ent The presentat:~an of ~h itself, takes place through the bank in the process of collecta. Naturel.ly the collection system involves a large amount of work for the bank, but in compensation it considerably improves the organization of settlements ?n the acceptance Form. Thanks to the colts ~. 1action system the bank began k bean to check the settlements for goads and services,pary the tmeliness of the presentation of rl cula ascements for payrnent, their bona fide coirmercial character, and their correct drafting. Under this system it has proved 'nprove the procedure of bank :Financing possible substantially to ~ to suppliers against settlement documents in transit. To assure the efficiency of collection operations, the bank must: (l) carefully check the suppliers documents and refuse ettleraents that violate the rules, or are based on to undertake s to check the timeliness of the presentation defective documents, of documents by the suppliers (as we shall see, the bank does riot extend credit to suppliers against documents drawn and presented three working days after shipment, and, as to the bank more than a rile does not accept documents for collection if drawn after . more than 30 days), (3) keep an exact record of the documents t .1) C) CC) 00 'CD': ()u wi i Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Aproved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 C..) C:,) U i) ('C') r ,i (. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 accepted or collection from each suppler and, by verifying the data of this record with the data of the client, check the correct ness of this record on the firm's books; (L) immediately, witheut documents to the place of payment on the day any delay, send the they are received and follow up their Further disposition by asking the payer a bank what has happened to bills about which no word has been received up to the expiration of the period the document (~) res,to give each document a fired maturity, ~ circulation expi follow up payment at this maturity y and transfer all paycaents received without delay to the suppliers; (6) to safe: card the interests to out-of -town settlements . Connected with of the absent party this is the control by the bank of the bailment of the goods by who refuses to accept the bill, the execution by a purchaser the bank of the suppliers dispositions On reshipment or sale of the goods, surveillance over the order of priority of payments, and the imposition of a penalty for the benefit of the supplier. The supplier is obligated, on the same day the bills are turned over to the bank for collection, to send the payer directly the 1.nvoa. ~ceaccounts on which they ? are based, showing the number s M of such bills on each invoice account. The supplier must attach counts sent to the payer the specification bills to the invoice ac of ,lading, certificates of qua Lity, and the other documents for which the contract provides, so that the payer may judge the corn position and quality of the oods. A nw.nber of invoice accounts ~ payable by the wane payor ina1 e included in a single bill. each , separate invoice account included in a bill may be less than 1S9 i 6 yUa i. t e I' C ~ 1. .., lv+_r? .1 JrJ,J (G1 0., ji..... :e I.???, r ,!, 17. .', ~0b; Declassified in Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82 000398000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 f total account of the bill may not be less 1O0Q rubles, but the ~ than 1000 x uble s. rflas rule as waived for goods such as salt, matches, wood, yeast, agricultural products, ptro1eum, ~ cement, bricks, 1e, alabaster, agricultural machines and spare ? 1xm ~ y ng pp g charges p a? ~.n arts, etc, and aJ.so for balls .c~ye,ri truck sh and other a servl ?ces. The bank accepts balls for these goods and k~ 6J~ services from 250 rubles,in amounts of 2O rub es. A three day period is prescribed for acceptance, coating the ball as received by the payer' s bank, exc1ud~ front t i.e moment ang the day of receipt by the bank and Sundays. Only rking days are counted. For instance, if a ball arrives on Saturday 8 , Januar period runs to the end of 12 January; the ~y', the acceptance ~ acceptance period for a bill that arrives on the 13th, expires at the end of the day, if the 16th f a1i s on a Sunday. on the 17th, In some cases the acceptance period may be extended for - /C4;' lrIIt!* remote from the branches that serve them, with the author ~ of the oblast Regional Office of the State Bank, but in a.zatian h no case, beyond seven working days. is accepted not on. the arrival of the goods, 'out Ab~.1 i val. of the settlement documents at the payor`s bank. s. on the arra. Since the gLlant assortment and price of the goods are sho~na ~.ty, voice accounts, the payer can decide,on the basis of this in the ~.n data, whether to approve (accept) or disapprove (refuse to accept) the acco7mts for payment. Moreover, the payer usually disposes cafications, certificates of quality, etc.), of other, documents (spe by which the correctness. of the supplier' s claim may be judged. ~. Declassified t? 2L J tI n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 .... .. C . lai' ,1 'Ib'' Illf nS~ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 e Lance wc~xe to be decided only after arw I~ the ~,uestion off' acc p s ? ect,on of the goods, the sett1e~aent wauJ.d xa.vaJ. and va.sual ~nsp Dods and the payments delayed, since the g be vex' much slowed dawn 'sand irWoa.Ge accounts. ?i1 disputes usua:Lly arrive after the claa.rn ~ the goods for whjch payancnt is made by an quantity axed quala.ty a ik are decided, not by the bank, but ..on bills by the bar , collec't' by judica.aJ. or arbitratioza organs. The bank does not send payers father than kalkhozes, Sel' organizations) advice of the arrival covets, party and Pro~soyu~ lists? and the pagers are obligated of bills, but merely pasts the sts fox the incoming bi.lls payment clams to watch these posted 1i a roves the payment of the supplier's against theta. 7:f the payor pp notice to the bank. A payer advises the ban1t claim, at sends no ' it refuses acceptance. This means that if no u1 writing oy ~f a. statement refusing acceptance if received ,from the payer within period, then the bill is considered the established three-day nt. This procedure as termed nega? accepted and is subject to payee established in 1936 and has considerably tiVe acceptance. It was s~t.np. - ~l.a.fl.~ed banking practice. Before that time, acceptance was had to notify the bank in writing not pasita-ve, a..e., the payQr but also when it consented to payment, only when it refused to pay . See age 23 for positive acceptance. at or gave its acceptance ( p the present time.) The payer becomes the owner of the goods as soon as the time for refusal of acceptance has expired while payment is made, . except in certain cases Faxed as a rule, seven days thereafter, is on the day the acceptance time runs out,. ? it by law, when 1 ti is made (0' GP5 ) ^ U ?5A 0 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 or not later than the morning of the following day. This procedw ure is prescribed ny the law of )4 June 1936 "on changes in the procedure of financing the goods turnover." Before that, payment in all cases immediately fo11.owed acceptance (subject of course to payer having sufficient funds), At the present time,paynent on the sgme day on which the time to refuse acceptance expires is still made only in the following cases: Grain products, petroleum pro- ducts, distilled liquors, in settlements with budgetary public organizations, iri settlement fox purchases from plants of the same system, in settlements for construction work with contractors far work actually performed, or1 accounts for electric and thermal energy furnished by power stations of industrial enterprises that have r. de de special agreements to deliver energy to the pubi:i.c'-use system, and for TASa services. The seven day postponement of payment is provided by the same law to allow the payors more free - darn in handling their funds so that they can organize the proper payment of their obligations better. The former three-day period for certain types of payment was continued in fofce with the object of accelerating the flaw of funds into the budget (the budget surcharges on grain and petroleum products and on distilled liquors.) On the other hand, payors such as budgetary public organizations, builders, etc., do not need to manipulate their funds and are thus able to make payment im diately after acceptance. . The supplies bank, the payee's bank, and the supplier itself are notified of the refusal to accept. The refusal may be complete or partial. In either case, the reasons must, be specified. .There 192. r~::(r m?,ff l~,~~i ryn~4l1{6~~+h+f ~} ~+C ~,~+4~~'t ~i~,~~ ? G:'~ S~i~~~~~yr.? e~ ffJ ~~ 1 ............ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~ILi!1x(? al I+ f! 1~ G ~ \ ~ urh d I a 1 I I'M~ I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Yie contracts of ozoX~gan'e specifY~ must be a speca.al clausQ in ., ~ e a er the right to refuse acoeptarLae ? ing all events that give th p Y that the xefusa~. to accent is well If the bank xecogn~.~es a to accept the wads (accept pexish founded , the parer iF obligated ables) in trust as bailee, whi.e during; the month, the bank must is obligata.on by the payor at least verify the fulfillment of th w u a protocol of such verification each twice a month and to draw p g .. trust g , are Found to be short or ,sin the bank tame, l~ ~,ooc~s verification proto col to the supplier, &sd sends a copy of the ccaunt with the correspond~g ~0unt, charges the payer's clearizlg a ? lier axed turns a.th a penaltY For the benefit of the supp , th together w e case over to the public prosecutor. son of lack or insufficiency of Funds 'Dills unpaid by red ecutory documents, and are paid in the payer's account, becolaes e~; fished e ava7lab~-e, under the legally establ by the bank as funds becom e'nt (see page 167.) The bank assesses a pmalty priorities for paym and collects it for the benefit of the sup- f or past-due pa:yments, plier. At the order of the suppla.er the bank seals goods that have d remits the proceeds to the supplier? nat ?.b een- paid for an 10. COLLCTION DOCUNENTAT'ION cnt under the collection system ' , 'rhe basic settlement ;docum bill (see page 103 ) t.f nrm l31 , `which; ecntai.ns all the necessary . . and sL~ff ~ on for the bank to make the. settlement. . ; , .,. ~.c~.ent : infoxmat~. Copies e-account must under all circumstances be e~ af ' the .~. nvo~.c . Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 194 ex w~~a ha$ not a reCeaved an the ba.ll ? Trl~ s Is dare so that a p attached ~.~ to may be enablt .~ from the supplaex' voa.ce ace?un ?~ the ~"~ct~x~?~at~'on have a more Betaed cha ~a to pxo" so desixes~ to ~' .s and ~ ~. a ~ ent a. ~.ch p ~ demandedla. vexi~~' foods or services for wh e - b ~ed to the poss~,b~,ltit o th bank being a y or sell. it. Ti vice ~ or to ~'esh~-p s ~npaa.d ~?odsy once a bank fox 0011e coon the ~,ntac ~es o~ is to ~.e uxns over its drab resents sup': laer e ~ t the x . last (eched~-e) '~~~~us supple xee copes with a genera" bank; ''h , colJ.ectaon Y~a.s ~' ~ or to ?a ~ ~. ,~~...._. .~Cl~YCtent the ~ o ~ e 0c05 ~~ ~ ~ two c p e copy a~ the ~nratice of the billy fl ist are shown on page the '.Ce-account and a ~xampl e s of an 141. and l0~ foo~;x.ng pages See ;~axms 12 and on ~ : ?1 are as hallows a re The most important qua51tes of a bti ra account and name ~~.e suppltier' s clean~ n ~,eaxi ~, title and number of t q r ? le and numb ex of the of kept; (2l rat umbers of the where it s the bang, where it 1~ kept ' and name a th nab and dates bank o~ the ~, ? ~ ~;.~. ot ?~ the paJer ~ ~. in the bi:-; ~~~) ace 0da, voice accaunt included h.~ ment of the ~.n ', to ers cements evidencing s p - .s o~ the Shippin g do when (~) kynds of goodS (6) o' (7) date; the dacu1rent5 pre axd da, t , scribed by the the ou'~-of -town p s contract where sent to uasi'~~s ~ and ~ serve as . ~eq s and seal (on the ,ox~.gyn~ . ) fete .o eracial nature, of gna~ Nstanc e and bona$tide o the?-xwell as proof of the actua.~ asl exp. hi teat of the goods as we pry count, since the Y Show s industry) in hea a r bills (mostly ? enterases the ac In Scene nature? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 a a, 21 2 Telegrap 2. PostalAddress hrks hic address: Tekstil'nay~. ? pi_ . Moscow, Rosto~' .n U1. s State Damat ?mo 3. clearing Acc un ~cherbakov erb_ of S, r+-t~T of Moscow o tNo 98~0~ 3 In Shra.nch oT Same Shipper and Address . ee and address: S. Consign Fodolek Gorproratorg, City Foaclsk, Noscow Oblast b. With bill No 1673 dated 2/26/1t5 TJ1 Sovetskaya, 12 Order , T 8 Date of Account 23 8. Accoun 3 Date of order u 1 T Igo38 ' 12 Amoant of Account 9 y: Podolsk Gorpromtorg . r ~ Payer and address c count ~ No 600 2 S ettlement Price Difference _~erence to trust or Deduction r t ~ Ulovetsk sus 12 3.0 Clearing ac - a combination Budget Income 11 Bank State Dank 11 In City Podo1 _sk, T_ ~oscow Oblast 23,200 1,800 . Same 13.Customer P1ac1ng0rder. ?4 - Amo th ~ousandrubles Total amount o~~nt of sale R 25,000 in `cords Twenty-five ~..nt I 16. Erom Station Moscow IS. Station Podolsk ' 17? Date Shipped 2/23 18. Method of Shipment 073h82 Bill of Lading,! P 19. gf/ Recel t No T ~ e e+e.,h 20. Number of F-aceu 20 20. 9 '?$. Charges r Data 21, SunPle~.entar~, ~ - Amount a/c ~~arks quantity, price) I Quantity ~ Unit Price 22. Subject of Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 I Payment Bate F Form PIo 13 t Supplier: actory Mostekstilya Textile F o ument return Dc date t 16 March 19L. t and its a_dress? . Moscow, Rosto kino, U1, IIarksa, 21 ~. To be entered by ' f in ShcherbacOTer branch of State Bank ?ert s bank clearing a c No 098075 su.n13 rP I City Noscow Kra : or Oblast, ' To be entered by t Payer's bank NFO No 20116 Date 26 February 19-5 Copy BILL No 1673 4D c Date No Date Moscow x i~ r' Date o Arrival t ' Payer and its address. Podolskiy Gorpromtorg f ? at payer's B ank ~ : dol k Bank an city of P s State ~ -, Clearing a/c No 600 2 In o .x ~ U, Moscow Custome Ar Placing order: Same Q ~tra or Oblast, j E Kind of Goods Amount of bl1.. No 807 clearing .. ~ Documents I Shipping Doc .~ r Invoice Account Aecoun:, of Supplier a~ No No 90070 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 00 S Sb~ Gownes IL L~; 2,000uaccounrl, -p -p `,~~~ ~lolil,? 7~11R2 2 %2~/~.~ Textiles `g Amount of Sale Inwords) ~ m~ L) ? 4 Seal and Signature of Supplier Balance Sheet a/c No n j Deduction for NKsF R Account invoice forwarded to payer a ~ - Five Thousand Robles TOTAL Twenty tU o~ E-lcd a-4 0 Stamp of Supplier's Bank Pent for f 1? 23,200 R 2,000 (In figures) days R amount Total transferred by FO R Advice No Dated ,191i. (Date of Payment) f) Lb to 1' p. oo Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Address: Moscow, Rostokino, 81, Narssax,21 r Fox'm No 1)4 Front of List Supplier; Textile Faotory of Mostekstit . r r ? r ? ? ? ? ? r r ? r r r ? ? , rrr?rr? State Bank (One Hundred Fifteen Thousand Rubies) 7n Words) in City of rrrrrrrr~??r??r C Lear ng Account No 98075 Moscow, Shcherbakovsk branch LIST OF BILLS PRESENTED FOR COLIJiCT10N No 220 Date 26 February 191j.5 We present herewith Li. bills With invoices in the amount of / R 1.15', 000 Date list Rec ' d by Bank 26 February 19L5 Checked Controller (Signature) and request you to accept tl'lem Operations Clerk (~ignature) for collection (schedule on back Receipt of mai room for bi s t ) forwarded Date 26 February Signature ca H 'H 4A 0 C UO Q O 1-tl 111 O V1 N ccr'~ - Ul H Hl H H 19).5 Q O u)rd Nt P (qo -p Q) U,) Q :t lf1 ~0 O H oJ N H ? A P - H H H ,o ~a F-i ~ off N 0 W -PI a)0 0 MV"`y~A n'lf, ' W W ^{ ccdd cH . c ?H ro N 0cd ?rI HI UH i I 0. prr0 0 cj ?rl N . cij O H~ U 0)-p t!l ?rl ard H H 0 P .' 0.qjw c. 0 r0 F~ Ord a) 0 Q) Cl) 0)H?0) ? Sri G The list is to be signed by the persons empowered b the of its account at the bank. supplier to dxspost 197 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ens account is also credited with the turnover ax { The supple a~id the shipping bursed by the purchaser, in addition ~n charges xe' this has no effect an the y, rice. Naturally to the settlement p turnover funds of the supplier 'since it hasactua7.Iy paid the turn- , over tai into the budgEt income, while the shipping charges have " ded into three parts. the settleirlent price, the amo~~t may be da,v' ~. to be credited to the suppliers c1ear1 r~ accounta a surcharge over the settlement price y to be credit~d to the account -or subaccount ." punts far accumulation are opened far out' (separate cleara.n~ subacc , ,~ at the ca where enterprises suborda.nM o f M town trust and Gl avk~ $ The funds are periodically transferred ate to them are located. to the Mate Bank e stablianrrtent where the from such subaccounts - hi her-le~rel organ is kept.) o f the higher cle ar~.nb account of the ~ . -.trust or Glavka -- of which the supplier level organization forms a part; and amounts to be credited to the state income (bud- dget differencese) The settlement price in- eludes get surcha all rge coas and bu dg Cts of productian, often plus the normal planned pro- fit of the enterprise. In receiving payment for its production ac- cording to the settlement price, the supplier disposes of the nec- turnover funds, that is, of course, if it essary and sufficient fulf i.1.an with respect to production costs. If, however, -I ~.s the p~. ncreased above this level; then payment for increase production cost is its production according to the settlement price must inevitably result in financial di tiCU-ty, which serves as a signal that the plan has been violated. olated. If the supplier were to receive he at its own disposit.azl, including to difference entire proceed above the settlement price, ces surplus turnover funds would be created . in its account, 198 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 atp3s and to financing against settlement documents in transit. d r1 ) y,1 " ' ':1' documents The pur)ose and rovement of the above presented by the suppliers are as follows: `~.() The invoice account is sent to the payer's bank, which in turn sends it to the payeJir itself the original bill is sent to the payer's bank and is, () after payrient, filed by it in the current file; The second copy of the bill is sent to the payer's bank and after paynlent is returned (under advice) to the supplier's bank, which in turn forwards it to the supplier; The third copy of the draft is used by the supplier's bank accounting purposes and for checking the movement of the draft for ~ forwarded for collection; this copy is placed by the supplier's bank, e card file of the principals (suppliers only) as an item in th for the customers staffels or accounts of the coramitments (i.e., organizations that colrnissi.on the bank to make collections for its ) ~. and, after payment or return of the second copy to the supplier, it is then placed in the archive 'card file; (3) the original register in the suppliers bank is bound together fr the day and serves as a journal of the bills accepted , 9.9 k '1 I~ N' ? !b ~ actual-l incurred by it for the account of the purchaser. list must have its seal and the signatures The suppla.ex1s of persons r authorized to dispose of the ciearing account. This is required because it is the register that establishes the relations between the client and bank with respect to the collection operations , r(riV"?a a u~,rr .. . w\ (4 ' fpr{t,fJi` }~f S rrJ r~lr v.~~l>i,lkxrr$rr~rh)` ~arJi~;;gt?r~ ir, tl r.t rp', { ri ~:` r{ tN tf?"7 '11 ~n~9~ ii~~^ rr I ~i r 4rt`., Fyh \I`. .~ ~ ~ la~f 'V y~rfl~rl~~~ r~~} t,r+11..~5 y k E o-~ 1 i ~14r d~~; i h}r X17 li,ti~k u7 G ~ ~1 rt i. `', ~ '': ~ '. k~ti ,alb } pl{VI, } 4 ur !9~~'?I'il7f4h yd , 141,, r r~~r 4l f,r~a,p Y,f! ne 79r{1k7~1igk11! p p'~ . ~r4 SIJ+?~n~i rl ~ l I Id t! 11 :l ~I 4 -, {rr r ~w I r I~~ ~Nr~l~ J p a! ~r A}"4 f kY~4~'~rif'~,~7 F ~ I yr~"~ E! r i ~ r i f ~I r .~ r k .~ ~,e !' n ~~~~ l ~ a ~ 4i = r ) 1 1rl 1 h ~ r t ; { ti!kt r) r , ~p,l ~v~i~ r7 ~@. ~?.'"' ! r ~ I p u' ? Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 far collection from the suppliers; the second copy of the regis? ter, signed by the bank' is returned to the supplier as a receipt far the documents accepted for collection. ll. THE GENE1:AL SCHEfl OF DOC'UI' T CIRCILATION. The general document circulation for out-ofytown collections is shown by the following scheme (see figure 8), For a clearer understanding it must be born in mind that the operation of col- lection passes through two stages in both the suppliers bank and the pay i s bank. The first stage of the operation in the supplier's bank com- prises the acceptance, verification, formalization and registra- tion of the bill; the immediate dispatch, on the same day, of the original and second copy of the bills and the supporting invoice accounts to the payer ' s bank; and following up the disposition of the documents forwarded The first stage of the operation in the payeT1 s bank consists in the ceceipt, registration, formalization and accounting of the incoming drafts and invoice accounts; in fixing the data of payment, and observing it; and in advising the payers by posting a, list of incoming bills. . The second stage of the operation is receiving payment and forwarding it to the supplier. This stage naturally begins in the payor's bank. Here the following steps occur: Charging the sup- plier1s clearing account (or sometimes its special loan account) with the arnoint of the bill; the documentary and accounting f ormu- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82 00039R000200060027 5 ?^ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Rend by batik a~seceipt ~ SUPPLIR' S I List Card-File, ? . a Lc JTo edule : Sched ch Sche e C- List GENERAL SCI~AE OF DOCUi1ENT CIRCULATION CR O1JT-OF-TOWN COLLECTIONS -Bound together into a Journal SUPPLIER BANK Sheet Charge out Posting VIII agains 4rder /c no 435 ion-Salanc~ Sheet a/c charge-in osting or aer to a/c Bill (CI Ty B - Ii- Invoice- 2 Postin Account Memo II - Involce- Account Account Posting Y, emo Dr a/c No &i- CrSuP- plier's clearing Ai ,c VII F ~' E 8 After payment sent to .Aft_ Archive Card-File o Credit Advice I Bil1 rill PAYER'S BA*.g PAYER. Invoice- account Invoice 4__ account axed-Natur- t - Card-File 3 o 1, acNo li ZrT Posting memo Dr Clearing a /,c N Cr a/c _ o 263 IV On the day e day of payment for each a -oo sting order 1 u plier i s dra=.n from the matured bills with- from the fixed- arawn 0 EXPLkNATION Acceptance by bank 1. c 1 from supplier of docu- ments for collection. 1Ia.Dispatch of invoice- accounts by suppiler to payer. U. Dispatch of documents to payer t s bank. ha. Card-file o l a/c No h3; T3I. Card-file No l a/c No _ y 1 fixed maturit iv. Posts. memo for a yment F~ V. Dispatch of credit advice and II copy of paid bill to su' nler a s bank ;_ `ion lance ?Sheet har - out Posting VII Crediting su%.er s ~Posting der against a/c clearing a/c with in- payments coming _ ? VIII. Charge-o,it of paid No L3 and bills from . ape ~ ~ h of U copy of paid d`spat,~ b_ll to supplier ith the. copy of its clearing a/c. v 'a vI. Charge out of paid bills from a No c's~ti= a - Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 d ~~ p adyict~); nat~~Y~?ng ? s axe (by posting memo t~,an o~ t~1a.a ch ~ ast~.n~ memo and the la t eected (copy o .he the pe,y?r ?~ t~~~4 paen t co1],eCted to the $up.transfer of the amaun voa,ce account) nd the senand copy of ch the O credit advtse ~,iers bank or wha. p the bill are used. ~ banl~ the execution of the supp~.? ier s 1n the second stake in ~ tk ~~ted~ The second of the c1ie11 t is comp/ c age of of the Cre f ol].owin~: .. the co~,lection cor~n~.ssion ? n in this bank consists st the operatio .iert s accoua~t aria ad~~sing .. ayment to the suppl ? d~.t~-x1~ the ~~ , ~om1n s ~ p ba..]. or this the second copy of the ?t of such credit (using ~ i payer purpos bank and p, the correspondi.n entry to the s e) 3 makinv 81iSaion~ ending it a cai~f s.x~nation of the execution of its CQT1T chargin~ out the b-1s (third copies eY have been co1].e cted. s ' OF since they CUTS ~`0~~ CULLECTTON C , ~D DISP TC l OF D0 12 , ACC.~P'IAN The lien are checked with the drafts accepted f x0m a Supp and w~.tb the reds- umber, date and amownt' invoice accoun~'s for n of the drafts are exs Bald amounts. The requisites tern for nu~rb second copies of the 102.) The first and then checked (.seepage to evidence the -fact that ed by the bank branch drafts are , theY have been checked and accepted t, he period of document circ a. t fix It is then necessary to ax~-.a]- time within which the paid i$ ~ then tion for each bill a that ~ k * There are tiro reed to the sup 1 er. s b bill shod-d be retu ' reasons ~d: (1) to make necessary to fix this peri whY it is kee txack~ as is its duty, it easy f0 the suppliers bank to p 02. -i.i ".:. Y f a i; .1,Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CC) c:o C. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the paYOs ba~1k of nota.fa.catton as of the tamely receipt f xorri ectaon bill, and (2) to xegu~.a?te to the da.sposltlon of the colt ~ ans~ ' nst settlement docuuin ~x financ~.ng or the suppla~ex agaa. it (See Chapter vi). ument cixcu~.atfo z7, the time of To ca1cu1ate the period of doc ma ' an must be l~nown. Faux days for prow mail transit to payox's locata. es stal ? banks are added to the t~.rne of post the documents a.n both ts f xora the supplier's bank to the payer' transit in both direct~.on (? bran ten or tour days a (;roux days, b ank and return), and, in adda. ~ chiding Sunday, are added fox documents ~rjth a three day paY~1ent" ' ~n the sup.. s of drafts payable without delay, peod. on the orig:~nal words U3-day per~.od't with column uperlo plier ~ s bark enters the ?sons ttlements wa.th m~.ltaxy organizat for payr~ent, and in se d+s ten day period.") according to day pe~d.od,u n7pday period an to categoxy of payment. l:~.ustrate. n outAof..to~m draft We give an example to t goods is received for collection 3 January. The for ma~luf actured The to the place of payment is 6 daYs. time of postal transit ? ~.t 2~6) Lion exa.od in this case is ~ ( length of the document circa p ? l Y period of document circulat:~on *1~~1C = 26 days. Consequent J runs to (3+26) 29 January. flour furnished is accepted Another example. A draft for Postal transit time is 4 days. The. for collection on 6 January. document circu7a tion takes (2x) + = 16 days, and the docu- ment circulation period thus expires (6 + 16) w 22 January. It will be seen from e e~:arp~ 1es that the day the . these 203 Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 nts are accepted for collection is not considered. The da curve doc ? return date, calculated in this manner, is shown on all ument three copies of the draft. In checking the requa. 'sites, special attention must be paid to the numbers and dates of the shipping documents, as proof of the bona fide de commercial nature of the bill by comparing this date with the date the bills are presented to the bank for collection. It is obviouslY in the interest of to supplier to have these two dates as close together as possible so as to accelerate the re- ce'pt of payment (other things being equal). The bank, on its ~. part, cooperates, by presenting the drafts to the suppliers as soap as possible, and refuses to finance draftee delivered to - the bank for collection more than three working days after ship t ment of the goods. In accounting for the documents forwarded for collection is formalized in chronological order by binding together and footing all the lists accompanying the drafts deposited for collection by suppliers during a day. The bound registers take the place of a journal. The systematic accounting is arranged according to the separate suppliers and consists of the customer accounts,. without texts (staffels of the supplierMcomm1k1ent51 The items for these customer accounts (staffels) are supplied by the card indices in which the incoming drafts (in triplicate) are filed separately for each commits ent and currently entered (during the .~ month in question). There is still another object in keeping the detail staff els 204 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 and card indices of the commit e its . It is to show the number andamount of outstanding drafts in process of collection which can serve as collateral for loans granted by the bank against settle'- merit documents in transit. For this reason the detail cards of the committents are divided into three sections, according to the following scheme: Drafts serving as collateral A for loans Drafts paid and charged off draft account during C Drafts not serving as col- current month lateral for loans )) l The drai'ts presented to the bank not more than three days after shipment of the goods are placed in section ttA11. A state- rent of the balance of drafts in this section is furnished the cre- dit officer periodically (at least once every three days) and is used as material for regulating the account of loans against settle- ment documents in transit. (See Chapter VI) Drafts with a longer delay ire presentation fall in section 11311 and are not taken into account in financing settlement documents in transit. Drafts are also transferred from section "A" to section"B" when the time of document circulation noted on them has expired and they have not been paid owing to refusal of acceptance or lack df funds, advice to this effect having been received from the suppliert s bank, and also drafts paid in part (such transfer being made when the first partial payrlaent is received). The. correct and timely_ transfer of drafts 205, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~'A~' to section "B" is very important in fining the from section extent of credit to be granted against documents in traflsit3 this transfer is therefore checked periodically by credit men (The credit merit (according to a definite plan) verify at the place of the itozogani the bona fide commercial character of business drafts and the accuracy of the requisites, especially of the that of the shipment dates. Presentation of the original shipping documents and other documents certifying the fact and the date ent of the goods is required by the bank from itozogani of chipm that deliberately y draw bills inaccurately (to obtain exaggerate bank credit against settlement documents in transit). These documents are returned to the Khozorgan after verification.) The movement (incoming, outgoing, balance) in each sec- of the card-index, i.e. schedule "A'' and schedule "B",as tion well as the transfer of drafts from schedule "Att to schedule 11 HnN may be followed on the customer's staffel. Its foxa11 is shown on pages 113-11-1 [Form 15] All of this analytical accounting is controlled by the syn- anCe-sheet account No L35, which bears the caption thetic non-bat r1SGttment documents forwarded for collection. aOnly a singl e ~.e ate staffel of the form used for the customer's comitent aggreg stax.Eels is kcpt. In the first stage of the work, the supplier's bank makes postings to the incoming side of both the aggregate staf f el of that controlling account and to the staffels of the separate comznitent' s accounts. The entrie4to the outgoing side are made, as we shall see, during the second stage of the work by 206 OUiC Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 1 - Balances Total Checked b .v o by e B B al F chided from Schedil heaule A Collateral Oon~aller Sc S collateral brans Schedule On Schedule B ac j ~o 3 jed- Increase Decrease A Bal of ule A to B Date Increase Decrease farted from 5cn collateral No of Amount No of Amount No of Amount No of Amt No of Arit No of asnt No of limt No of Amount Bills Bills Bills Bills Bills Bills ~ Bills Bills 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2/26 2 E5,ooo FROM STkFFEZ OF 4'EXTILE FACTORS OF MOSTEKSTIL' (Figures) FROM STAFFEZ OF SHOE FACTORY "PROLETARK1 ( FIGDRES 3$ 36S,000 L 35,000 h2 tsoo, o00 IVaIIOv 2/26 4 102,000 - - - - 2 38,e00 - - 2 C~67,o00 6 73,000 h8 5he,OOO Ivanov FROM GENERAL STAI'FEL OF ACCOUNT NO Lt3S "SETTIENLtiT DOCtTHET;TS FOl~dIL~.DID FOR CQLT,itiTION" (Figures 83 830,000 to 110,000 93 91~O,0~ IvanOY 2/26 6 167,000 - - - - !4 88,000 - - 89 997 114 198 000 103 1,1%,00o ivanav [Column headings are omitted on page two of form No 15, as all columns are the same wdth the exception of dates] Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Form l5 cont' d L~E1 T ociL~ 1ACCOUNT ~ ta 3 FRO11 GENERAL T F AcG~~~ !t ,{{1 Figures Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 178,000 13 180,000 Z 12,000 FROM STAF'FEL OF SHOE FACTORY "FROLETARISA" (Figures) 2j27 _ - 18 198,000 1 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the supplier's bank. The staf'e1 entries are made for the total s (incoming and outgoing) for the day. NonMba1ance-sheet incoming and outgoing posting memos are drawn to support the entries to the general journal and the general staffel of the above-mentioned control account. ? e illus orate what has been said on the accounting :t ith account No L4.3, by an example. Assume that on the 26 February documents of the following supplieru'drawers were accepted for .co1i action as d. dispatched fo:C...coi:Le.r.?,on. ......... . 1. Textile factory i'lostekstil, List No 220, for R. 115,000 with drafts as followed (with copies of the invoice-accounts): No Amount Remarks In process of collection (of items previously accepted for collection from the same factory ) 1672 $5,000 Assigned to B On Section A Li5 items 1673 25,000 R. L.65,000 167li. L.o,U00 ? On Section B Lt5 items 1675 15,000 Assigned to B R. 75,000 115,000 2. ?Froletarkatt shoe factory, List No 2L-.0 for R. 1140,000, with bills as follows (and copies of the invoice accounts): No Amount R.erarks Balance of collection bills from the same drawer: (1) (2) (3) . () `L09 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 0 rva~y Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 (1) 2079 18,000 2080 2L,000 assigned to B 2082 21,000 2033 1)4,000 Assigned to B 208 27,000 2087 36,000 In section A 38 dxaf is R. 36,000 In section B )4 drafts It. 3,000 ournaJ.. for 26 February or. the receipts side In tl~,e general ' ~ 10 drafts, totalling R. 2SS ?000 are entered of account No L35, e~sheet receipts posting memo for receipt of (based on a non-balanc b drafts, totaJ.ling R. 16,000 in Section A of the card file and totalling 88,000 in Section B thereof.) L. drafts the customers' staffels and the general st~f- The entries to f el will be in the same form (To save space we show only a single card divided into three sections instead of three separate cards.) see table on page 112) [Form lI ? customer's staffel the tuB. title of In the caption of each the comm?ttent is shown, together with a.ts clearing account number ~. and the percent of reduction from., the total amount of collateral ai n the credit line (the bank grants credit to (section A) to abt.~ . suppliers on the basis of the settlement price -a see Chapter VI). having to return in the segual to the procedure To avoid hav7. for posting to the staf f el, we continue he foregoing example 'j 210 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027 5 0 ,LC Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 side ? on the redtitict~,on ~ or del~.vexy 'I ''J,~,lo. now GX~SfIine tie entra.es ~ 1 erations took place in w.~ ~ p the 27 ~` obr~a,ar.s, requiring that ayrlent be made only against documents after shipment at designated p be annexed certificates of jnspections for quality stations, that o forbidding pt payr~~ents on account to the invoice-accati~nts, r araa:t of a letter of credit is 2~ days, of the credit The tip 1 , f o stal tx~ansa.t; and in ~~?vidual cases not counting the time o p 4 da s by a bank. Then its time. limit it maybe extended up to ~ y is closed.. Its unused balance goes to " has expi~^ed, a credit tingu.sh the debt an tht1 loan under which it was issued, .and... ex~. ?ur; if there has been no loan for this.~ Pose, it is restated to he clearing account from which the amount of the ..credit was t. .; 1 ~. E7 ~ ; rV, ~ 7 r ,7~ ~il~ 1 y{ I~ r t< f 4' 7q~T?~Fa ~ ;j' ~"yu ry,..tP;!YY IHS 'r i ~ ~IP ~: ? 1~ r1 "~ f~ J '~r ~" f Jrl '" I r1 Y t; ~?,.. .FiJ~~~flaft!N,2.4r rrN~`i.I~J Declassified in Part Sanitized Co An roved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027 drawn. e~.ua.stes of a ~ tier c,~ credit are: The . necessary r, 46 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 C3 0 r is on s,aaeptance of an au~,horp to nVOIce accoun ~r~e~thod of paya.n~ out such acceptance); urObaser~ or w t ized representative of the p for which rods er. ~enera7. de$ i~tion ?~ e ~ lame of the suppla. ~ ? and time ~,~it of will be drawn by the supplies'' invoice accounts the credit. The by the payer's bank is form_ . issue of a ~ `tter o~ credit i1 credit it is in quintupla._ tied by an appli catian. Y,or a ma al. te1 e raphic creda.t it is in triplicate. cafe, whe for a ~ ' cation for a mail letter rf The first copy rf the apply. c s,nk , . ,Lion itself ~- remaa,ns in the p 'y b ' 1credit .... the app?-~-ca runt a of the letter of credit as a postin~ mer~io to credit the am t!Letters of Credit lssuedtt. to account No 236. tter of credit itself -- after The second copy the ~. . it has been form.ali2ed by the signatures of the bank, the transfer a. heraldic seals is f orv~arded to the suppliers code word. or the ~,ions and serves as the basis for effecting opera bank, where ~t L 1 t'credits for on-bad ance?sheet account No 7 entries on the n payment". anon to the supplier ?- i$ The third copy the no'tif is ether with the second copy, and sent to the supplier' s bank, tog thence goes to the supplier. payer bank to keep track The fourth copy is used by the paY and fkeeping the detail account3 of the time limit of the credit l substituted for the f oof ~ the this copy Can be successful y detail account sheet. 00 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 i. I, 1"h,}~IU'yr~.~y)~rr tiV) In ri (~1+~ u~t~~,,i5yy'AM1W IVk Nl4d "s'9~t~~ ppppe S~'~~11 ~ I ~~ 4n. ~l~;Ll iB l i :a, :A1r9~pF"~,%.>>,r ~.~~~Y ii. ~l'a mMP?~fN~~~ ~~.il~~a~ aY~NiSUD'1Nu !! d_ A.~r~ ~: n~!I+Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 11 x ' c~ i)r 'Or wa. the accuracy of their farr~ and requisites, in the journal checking of letters of credits payable and places on them the serial numbers under which they have been entered in this journal .w No 21, in our example. At the end of the day an additional posting memo for non balance sheet accov.nt No U71 "Letters of credit payablg?, is drawn for the sum total of the journal at the end of the day. For each letter of credit a detail account is kept, as well as a tickler card fax keeping track of the expiration date. The back of the letter of credit is usually used for the account, whale the tickler card is replaced by a previously prepared by a pre- viously prep'ared notice (without the amount) that the credit has been closed. The third copy of the application for a mail credit is sent to the supplier. In the case of a telegraphic credit, a COPY of the credit telegram is also sent to the supplier if it was not already sent him by the payer's bank. Payment on account of the letter of credit are made on presentation by the sup:plier of documents in complete conformity to the terms of the credit. In order to make sure that the sup- pl t ~ settlement documents really represent goods in transit; ~.er~ the bank under all circumstances requires the presentation of m t'lc shipping documents or, in the cape of truck shipments, of certifi' cafes [acts] of acceptance and delivery. The bank initials these documents so they cannot be presented a second time, and returns them to the supplier. The bank may also verify the paid documents. by a check at 'the premises of the supplier. The invoice accounts which are payable out of the credit are presented with a list Dkda~; ;hH j 2~Sg c;o Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 T 3 . s '.43 Fore No is T NO 211Th r i'piranon date r of credit OF 7 of ? ~rAIL LETTER 0~~ t of letter M of Gfz~ce' the bank Regional Oolast ~ ~ bra _9.~ t 2 February Office of State Bank. Branch In the city of Voronezh ~, 26 January 19 date ~' ~ and for the account o- Voronezh Gorprom the introaucti_~;ns On th YoU WILL PLEJ.SE OPEN A CREDIT Tb-~___ilisi_ I j fl the city of For Six Thousand Rubles . Cha sb with Settlements Far ress. of supplier; Nave and add To the State Bank Inv - accepted On the f ollow~ oice account lment against . ing conditions . 1 ) Ba ovich Il'in n tenan 1 edor x, om , Without eptance of With ac ce Lance ~y ~ .r. 2 ~~lt P (3) goods Tea Find of M1dTJNT Date rece_ supplier' s bank ~vedbj suPP~ t Serial 31o 19 Station of orlb gin Tbilisi- 9 ~- ination Voronezh of Dest o to your debit a~ a c ~?o ? t Station _ eet Y,aid out hereunder, attaching ce sh e _n to non - for siv11~ . P Cnarg Debit as through _T- MO 0 fo1 the lit s ots and a c0PY of th . vice the paid lnvolce-acc . !OT ons Clerk . AL 6,000 0 erati P (Stamp Reo~i oral controller ~~th its f of purchaser' s branch Voronezh Oblast o~ 'F ~'0 Clearing nutuber 1101 Code-cord Transfer unber Office _ ~ clearing o ni Tr , checked bit 1 code-word co (Signatures t?~ro So Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CJL~ s'BLh^u1C.s' ._..T~AE: V"'. GE~EHAL scHENE of DocTr?raT PAYER-REQUESTITvG OPENING OF CRJIT I Invoice- account Copy of application 1i Copy of application 3 Notre of clearing of 3 List for edit account letters of cr credit 2 ter of credit Nail let lication for mail R 1'000 P 5 l Ap it R 1000 letter of cred, PAYER'S BANK Copy of application 14 pw:~ Copy of application, 3 Notice of opening of credit 2 Nail ?l letter of credit -. 1 Application for mail ;ttiter of credit lE . R 15,000 After entry sent of da Figure 9 CIRCULATION FOR A r1AIL LETTER OF CREDIT StTPPLIER 3 List Ifor lett rs of credit B,7,5, 00 ~. 15,000 R 15,000 Ret~,>rned with Bank's Signature Placed in Archive F aster expiration ate UI N N .r ?rl H H ~ p1 :D l Notice N 0 3 -+ : Invoices ening o o of o p of credit o Account ?D C41 ' R15,000 R0 0 ('3 ?r-! ? -P v (' c 0 Q) o o (i g p4 -P 0) tH o .4) Iv- "3 ~ 0 (0 n ~ 4) `~ Cs 4 SUPPLIER' S BANK Liotice of opening of credit 2 __al 'l letter of credit II Dispatch Reglstere Bank mail State ,, ents l Invoice to docum account i Sheet a/c Clearing a/c off .customer Ba of CR No 236 Betters requesting opening d ue DR (l) 15 basis of debit advice ~T0 26L VIII. tiro on A c T Ui Li ?1. i Cr DR CR ooolB~ 20,000 (2)i5,ooo~l5,00o R a/c No 2C,~ MFO Contra ~ Y ,000 2 III NonBalance Sheet a/c No L71. Letters of credit payable Additions ' : Reductions: (1) 15,000 / 15,000 (2) -J' following page continued on e9c Fjgur h Copy of list C 3 Cody of List 2 Copy of List 1 I Dist for Lette orecLt T Y Returned with ban: ~LetLL receipt in regist 3y Copy of Ia s ?-F v 3 Copy of Lis of List 2 COPY l Dist of letter of ~ 1 - credit Invoice account Clearing a/c of Supp3.3.? R 15,oca Cr 1 .000 2 Account No 263 ~- DR WO initiated CR VI [2)15,000 VII Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ' Figure 9 tcont'd for letter o3 C L. Accep of Credit nce application of s II . Dl to supplier s bank. rd copy 3 of the 2nd and ? spetch Oen,ng account No X71 III. p T ice to supFHer? Iv. F etch aanent ~- th the left V. Presentation of documents for p No t~71 ount N and charge out from acc c T wh~-h aent for credit -t n - F -g of creds I? ~ try oT tln F o ens g r ec~ues debit advice to bank of person vu. Dispatch Of scheme to )ake t easier). is un opened. VIII. Entry F der the credit X? , t eras aymen of guest the cred~. ~-sFetch ocuments to the persons at those request of d I . ba ,.ted from the ,, has been o~- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 C 136. f~l~e ~.~Y~~~~ ~~w the'Q xm Shawn on pad in quaa~?p~,~,cate, of cap~.?~,a~. canetxuc?~a.Qn are etters o credo for Eakin counts psyable on ~? ains wjth the t~ 1'~ank ~ ra copie$, one ?f wl.~ich rem puxth ~xeeented in te ~ ~ ?ts have been checked, the . x, ~, s a x ec e~.pt ~ Patie pnt After all doc~amen ~.e . xeturried to the su ~.~'1 copies of Copy ? ~ ?~ e the ? . ~'ed are noted ?~' ~ ,. cpvnt of the cxed~.t ~.nv ol mp to debt ment on ac ostme post st o' ti~em is need as a liet? The r ~Lce~sheet-ac? the . ,~ the ac and to credit the bal coun.~ ~r'0 ~.n1t. ~ neceesary a~.eo ~~- ,nt of the supplier coti)nt end the c ~etail accol: e accpur~ts) ' xom the ntered at1 .the outgotin~ its ?~rus?~ or ~~' ~s ? c?py9 he s;1lount laid out ~. r avka and the `'fate incom side .~ sa~ae ?~ the credit of detail account f o~ .h yes of the non.balance,, e f irs'r and third co pi ~Lhe balance involved. of the credit is shown on th ruble s or 2~0 below 10OO rubles ( e list, and if tt falls of Lh closed at once. oods), then the credit t or sore goods) ?;~ 'the drams' From the th~.rd C?pY The ,i~,o advice ~ s that copy or's bank t?gether with la.s , ,~ ~d is sent to the pay d the invoice accounto , an 0 of the 116b is sent to the supplier ~?tn The eeC011d G py I enirely be of his account. This copy Can the next sta`r,ernent Frith o the end of the day pos ,..?1,i order to reduce account n~ At tlLetters of credit payable t~ , is dram irl the a~~ g ~? ~7l r~ ate relit. amts made during the day on l etters of c sum of all pad to complY exactly with su -~~1a.er' s bank must be sure . any ~pr0per , The pthat ? of ? the credit, lowing the texms and. pe~n.~ ~d 253 .~o 's carrespoxldent detail account in the payer's peer", and opens the name. The authaxa.~?~ed local xepxesentat~-ve of the holder athe ~t resent to the bank a power of attorney, special a,ccoLUlt must p a passport visaed in that city, and his registration wi the cia1 aCCpLLnt is not fox~na1i2ed within local Fa.notdel . 1f the spe ~s is returned to the payer' s bank. Paymcn ?ben days, its aanount out of the spe ciao. account, i.e., debit entries against it, are carxespoxldinU to the character of subsequently made on dacuxnents . tiall.ed or signed by the authorized the special accoLLnt and a.na. ' ve of the account (balder) A spec.../ ac- local repTeaentat~. es ands) with vary-ous cants accaun'bs. count is connected, (c,orr p out (on cash disbursement orders, for Thus, when cash is paid are not accepted), cash is credited. checks against a special account ~, its cleari11g account is credited. In transfers to a local suppLie, account No 219 "limited check- ~jhen 7.ima.ted check banks are issued, ' with carriers" is cred7:tod? For transfers baal~s for settlements w~. The account Na 263 is credited, etc. The special ac atount is another C1tJ~ credited with new deposits arri.ving from its holder in aiiather city. There may be no other increments to a special acs count. ' accounts are kept in duplicate on the form Special detail of the clearing account (see page 96)? The,,capy is sent directly ta' the ' accaunt~holder at stated intervals, and when the, account is c7:osed? z58 Irf~ia~n ? ra' dl '~ 1?r9if`tS ified in Part - Sanitized Co Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Wpr c,~ ~ pert ,,.n Changes in the special account, or recalls of ain.o mts from it, are of caur,~~, s~ made through the payer's bank, which trans- mat s the 'it' s disposa,tion to the supplier's bank f or ex cu- cla.e er' S bank, when it receives a dispositIan on the ta.on . The suppla. reducta.on (recall) a..f a special account, if the balance in that . account No 221 and credits account Na account perxia?ts it, debits 263, and sends the e payer's bank a mail or telegraphic credit ad- of this advice, the payerls bank debits account vice. On the basis Na 261 , d credits the payer's clearing or loan account, depend- aci Ong an the source of the funds from which this special. account was opened. Where there is an unused balance, the closing of a special. account follows an analogous procedure. 3b. TRAM SEER OPERATIONS disPposition of a bank establishment, issued on the ~. a.ns txucta.ons and far the account of a client to a bank establish rrlent in. another city to pay a certain amount to a named payee, is called a transfer. This s form of intercity set?'1 rents is used for small pay? menu which do not involve passing invoice accounts through the bank, for furnishing turnover funds to out-of'-town of'f'ices for repre~ sentatives , for paying debts, claims, court judgements , arL?itra- ta.on awards, fines, forfeits, and for the transfer of accuaiLu1atOn5, etc Transfers are made by Taail or b telegraph in a minimum .: amount of 1000 rubles, except for the amount of kolihozes, when this 25R Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 reduced t0 2~0 xub1es 4 nsi'n,iYam is or thG trans;Eex is order a~ ?~he cl.~ ~ The a end (the r~mt~;ex) ~ ex ~ b~itY a~ the ~+ra~'S c~xm asa. bank as to to arks checked by the r off' the xeo~uisites a~ ~' ved .the correc'~ :ailing what , ) the agreement in the case ;Lnvo1 ~ om for to what city , ~o wh and the order (amount ~ '~uxe an ture ws.th the samp signa of the c~-~en~ s signe, the cla.en's accaun?~* The the exuistanc ~'it , ~ale~ M e o~ su~~icient ~ ds in w b ,;; First is used by the ,f ~u.~my.~,~ed ~~, three co'Ates" The second is send ~.aver Ls '' entries, the se the baa~eep~-ng bank as a basa. or , ch ;; trs~er is re- addresse ~, (fl Bank ;~,~) to whi the he bank establishmen the client as a to th r is delivered to ~d, and the third cop of its axdexo ceipt for the accepLance Bank the bank establislvnent transfer, ~ihen it makes the ' .~,. earing aCCO . he amount transf erl ed to the detai ~ . ,c Count ~ ~ ~. ) Charges ~. s~onda?na .shce~ ~ come 1 ~d client, and to the baa,ance `= a~ the ~ ,~0 crc;dit adva.ce is dz^awn out No ~, cxeClits accaun'~ 263 . n I~~ bank (dank) ~ tablishm~nt othe -a~?t0~J~1 es t aid cent to th~ aU.t 1 TO credo-t telegrams are trax~sf er, the For telegraphic m,arvflex s \ yawn the f01ling R U 1 ?[ ~ 1 ~ a 10? C1 is f;f P,if+dl~ "~~f, iF~'kf rl f -.4 ... .I 1 rs. fl ( f i. 1 l 1 f a ,r 0 . t! I: 1 ~ ..,; IRa !, t ' f 1 ~ Irfl ~r~tk v. di ans~er Report two addresses The .~elegxam maY \.so Tr ?B' as the single addressee tank r~.y . ~o D s atcl~ed o be dti p QI-IOL1Q BFVEQE , TRU 5T ,C IfdnST I3A1~Ic ~ Q o~ ?~lcohalic Beverage Tr~st lease credit ,Q2 instructions SI~Z keyword I? . :.. rubies complat tby' ins Five Lhousan f ve dyed hun. . 82,372 ?~t ~ IVI~YJ ~i~4 t6 Ir~f ~ ~ r { Mf d J`. .r lr4i ! K1 !~1r3ank, and exclusive use for capital repairs of its fixed is earmarked for resources. The bank takes care to have the deductions or depreM c:i. very 10 days into the special account for capit~l a ~a.on paid e repairs The bank that keeps the first clearing account makes transfers to its capital repair account on the order of the firm. ese orders are executed in ediately after the claims of the state Th met. Every month the firms present to the bank their budget are certificates and settlements on accrued, and deposited depreeiaw tion. The 'bank has the right of its own motion to transfer to account No 167 the amount of depreciation deduction for capi- tal repairs that have been accrued but not deposited by the farm. The bank controls the use for their intended purpose of tht:: funds disbursed from the special accounts for capital re- pair. The financial control over the funds so disbursed is analow gous to that by which the Spetabanki control the proper use of funds for constr~aCtion. Specifically, certificates on the con- ? air plans and the financial estimate ,~~rmation of the capital rep r settlements are presented to the bank, which also verifies the building materials and the ageernent of the payment 31 prices for ;a with the work actually completed. The following tYAes of ex? I enditures for capital repair are paid through the special account p at the bank? Payments for building material, ser'v'ices, accounts for operative activities for materials turned out of services s p I~ Iyr 13 43 M tb~(i~r~ 'GI MN'111 ~rr}r'lrG lii iti11s4~ ~~Sir,4'Y1 ;111 ldnlr I,1 ; [ ?;p.U 1, ':ii: d'7 >. nol5 ~J'Jfl{11 ,+~ :h'w ~fir,1 ~, l1 r" fC.~ n,4f n ~; Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 MaCaronixFactory voroneszh Rega.onal office Form No 23 BuREAT OF I UTNAL SETTL'~ ' NTS AT THE ONN OBLAST GI0N,f~L OFFICE Off' TIE STATE BANK FOR 7 -lo FRUA~Sr 19 CiaE.~.RING SHEET Names of Members 10 Selling Base of 0 343~~~? .. ~,agot~erna 7007 12,1.2 142 a $~? 2. Conf ectioner,~ Factory O33 6 7 00 ~$00 1~2,~00 9, 3 lcrilebozav, No 1 . 2 ~w Base of Ogg 1 s8~0 ~.8,~00 9~,30 192,200 110,Soo 82,200 ;? Ease of 013 ;* Base of GlavrasZhirrnaslo 7.92,200 6?,g,00 260,000 b. Vox^onezh Khirkombimat b7 7.20, 000 6,67 tbakal' ?' Ease of 60028 7-26, So~ZOp Branch 60002 )47,L00 9,900 8. Oblpishchetorg Unman' sly py ~,AF, K~1 ~~,f}f~Yk .10. Gox^pishchetorg Same ppFzr+`yy'~~ Bank Number of Branch Member' s Serving Clearing Member Account 099 6008 TURNOVERSEal DtO ' W t Credit De 1t Eeb1 (to pay) 62,300 10,000 2,300 60,000 L,800 11. ~, 20O Carried Cr dJt (to rec) 379,700 130,7 2~ 1,600 1s1~0,,200 i,10,200 ~12,02~ 12,02 ~ 29: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 rendered for construction, delivery of funds for wages, contract advances to contractors and letters of credit opened in other cities es to pay f'or material and equipment parts to be purchased there. The bn:Ls and other documents presented for payment from a special account for dapital repay".r must have the supplementary requisites prescribed for documents on which settlements for capital construction are made. The bank may grant the enterprise a short term loan to the end of the year to cover the seasonal l~ g between the expendi'- tares for capita]. repair and the arrival oi' new funds in the special account f"or capital repair. Besides the current control f'o r financing purposes, the bank also periodically checks the proper receipt and use of funds for cap:Ltal repair by auditing the documents and balance sheets at the firm's place of business. If it discovers that works,, 'ng capital is being used for capital repairs, or finds mismanagement, inflation of prices or other violations of finan- c disciplinoa the bank may discontinue its financing of capital ~.al repairs, and advise the firm's higher--level agency of this action a s Af Declassified cC) n Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Taking into corisideratLC f the specific cond i-tions of the transport economy, the bank organizes a specialized service f transport. First of all he bank a~ sures the most rapid collects t of the transportation receipts, and the most rapid forward. ~.on ing off' those receipts to the centers that dispose of them. More- over the bank only pays out to the transport agencies such sums as their superior agencies niay pay tiP errs, depending on the work done, or may assign 'to them accordin`,; to estianate, and. strictly checks compliance with estimate and budget discipline. In conM nection with this, the receipt o1' transportation are concentrated in a single account, while the disbursements are xi.de from other accounts, strictly within the limits of their respective balances. Finally the bank furnishes credit to the transport agencies for those seasonal requirements which cannot be satisfied by their own working capital. All rai:Lroad stations and agencies of other forms of transport are obligated to deposit their receipts in cash and checks daily in the bank. Stations may be permitted, if authorized by the railroad management, to retain a certain portion of their receipts for the following purposes: To settle claims of clients involving freight charges of less than 1,000 rubles, and to pay for occassi:onal 1;aboi~ engaged to liquidate or prevent natural calamities. The receipts of the stations are sent to definite points along the lino of the rail- roada where they are deposited in the bank, and after verifica~ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 29f r'1i ?t jC jera Z ;rl !r p~~i ~; S u i ~'r . a ~ i . li. i ' Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 55 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-0003 98000200060027-5 f' :s Y. ~r t ^~.~. I r'., x^e debited to cash account and credited to ta,ons and acceptance a ac count No 130 1l1~KP5 pM incotne aceounts't. Under this balanlce ' sheet account at the hranthen of the "yank to which the receipts i, ~ ate income-account aI~KPS, or the rail- ax^e fa~rarded, a ~uboxd'~.n ' nvolved is opened M- for instance, for the man- road management a. ~ rst railroad. The branches of the bank have no qgeirtent ox the Ku any charges whatever against this account for any ^a.h~, to make and dac~.iments, not even on a court order. r21ree tilaes a month, on ?Uh 9th, 19th, and 28th, the branches of the bank te;legraprric~.:i.y r of the subsidiary income accounts w- omit- ting transt'e thre the kopeks baa.d w- nces to the ' branch oi the bank where the account of the management o~ that railroad is kept. For instance, 'branch " s of the following lines ~ 1~azant railroad, A takes in the receipt of ~jis at Moscow, and its account in the na eraent ~~,ch th ..a g Moscow . ;e nal office of the State Bak: And the Kursk rJlal.ast l~~,-o railro ad of w . the marrageraent is also located at I~ioscow, and t .~. ch t the ~ascow-Irasnagvard~y sI branch. On the above its account ~ mentioned s, branch A telegraphically transfers the amounts mentioned date accumulated to the I1oscaw Oblast regional Off ice and the Moscow- Icrasnogvardiysk branch respectively'. rSh, throug fh the subsidiary income accounts distributed u.s ~ - I among the branches of the bank, the receipts are gathered to . branches that serve the managerr nts of the rail- credited to balance_,sheet-accaunt ~~ gether in the roads. Here likewise they. are. No 130 and to the personal account of NKPS income for the manage- ment of the railroad concerned. The branches that make the above mentjreflect it by a debit to account No 130, ` uned tr~lsfer and a credit st-p initiatedt?, and fax this reason the ,xa to accaun 'L97 J?))1+ DA' Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 a~.lxoad Trv~a~.~'ed crakes the ' I1 g the ~r,arra;eT~xer~t athy, ~' branch serva. ~ ~'e~` ~ Uebit acGov.~.t r ~.es when It xecea.~res 'the trans .. ca~1-eC~- contrd eTr~r U~ By d?spas~.~a.on off. Lhe account O 13 axe ir~~.Z~ U Cpntx an, credit ,:.. c ra~raad a,dira.n:t.stxat'~.on, a ~' ' '~- depart 7nen't o~ ~h ?aCCOllTrt t;LUn~ Cpr1~ro a.ncorn :?xaxrs~erred to thc; la0a1. athe xc;ceipts may b': ?~' the xece~.pts belang to the i~~PS, xoad? The xemaynder of ~ o~ the rail three tames a , ph t e i$ transferred by te1exa and ?therefo.~ to the centa~aliued inconre- ~-s?~, 1.~.th, and 21?~~ n the 1 month, o ratiorrs z,~eadr~uaxtcrs I1Sin'0scaw,attheUjep. accoutre o:~ tYrc ui0e of the State 13arLk. o~ L-he Dead ? ettlements with contractars The railroads make thea.x s in bal- unts wl.ch are re~1e cted a. . thx'augh tlrc~..x clear'.ng acca ~ ante t~i~II~PS enterprises-cleaxaa~~; ac. -sheet_accaunt Igo 13.E , , ' ~? ;;tra~~-ans ? c0ourlts off, the ra.~lxoad d n:r.r ti cotiuxts" ? The cledra.n~~ ~ a of w~ricY~ has its ozraschet Limits, each a and 01' i?La separate are concer~- ixrdep endent bal &.c e sheet, ow~1 worl{iy1k Capa.taa~ and ~ are the bu11d~ c 115 . Such units i'or instance Crated in accoL~nt 1~0 otive service etc. naterial departine, the 10 00111 ink operation x tt ear~:n~ accaur1t of the rai.laryos. ~-so a-n0ludes Cl ~~OCaLrn~~ NO 11~ b order athe or local. income',, on which, y adma.rstz'at~on for s can?~rol department, that part of the receipts o~ the ' Co1leCta.an a. to local income is creditcd_ . , on which is allocable ?~ . , me a.n aue sci tele raph and telephone SexV~Ge, ' collectiarls for ~ .s . for a. nstance, the railroad pay O Of warellouses? FOr this account, or ren~ ~i ~~~..w _ ~'ar such pa~rtc;rlts made and st it, or reimburses itself clas agaan :~dmin.istrs,tian o~ the en~.e.s t0 the a fcecuteS ,txans~'ers for expr e ai1r0ad. cansec~uently to 'se u x' the basic p ~ ur a o this accont IS 29E I~S~+{y{y~~~1J~4"DNS' d F~v 1 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-R Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ?s cax~nr~cted wa,th ?tlie ~^aa.:l.xaad ppexa~. serve as a source fax pa~rer~~ ., ?he ..: of N1iP~i, ?the free balance ot. ~ ta,ona ~.t'1 the autY~a an f ~7~~~].ete~,.. at the ~ d?.i.sposa.t;i.on o the xa: accaunt may be p].acecz coy, road on its clearing accounts Most intex~rai17?aad settlements for mutual sex'v~.ces are made through the BVn. ^ stations (stattionmastc1s) have current accourlts at the lh~. , These accaun'Ls retard ba ii) and the nk (unc~le:r balance-sheet account Ltio froiti the ratiroad ad~nif,i5 traticn) tY.e amounts received ~., for use station (platform-tickets, charges direct :income of the, the storage rooms, etc.) of for repairs to their ':Lacpmota.v~es Settlements tlSeSettlements of the railroad u~ are made througYi special loan accolts and other ra].lin~ stock of the paYeAt the begiz?n.na o erred at the respecta.damici-les p o accw~nu~ ted on these accol~n s is ss the month the i.nde~~tedne adp State Bank establishement that serves the tran.~feri~d to the .1. transit /can of the road in quest (through a special 111stration .a atiuns Headquartexs (~~'~.~~ ) account), a-,.~,d froril there to the C'~7c,r r.. . ~C~ISPC keeps tro deposits at tlia.s at the Head ~~f~:~.ce in ~ ~ascaw a.s cure the liquidation of the indebndnes $o headquarters to se underloaclir~~ transferred. Paments for dernur*a;e of cars, for for freight in direct [~rit,hout trans' and o~rerloading, , as well as ~ - r rc~uti.n~;s, is made on b~.la.s carawn by sY~ipment] mixed ra~.~.~wate e shi exs and do not xeg4re acceptance, th pP the trans~aort agenciesy are a criers under a centralized procedure ~.lowed to settle with the.. carriers freight char~ea. Y~'ar this s purpose the for expor t ..and mixed railway ~ nt shipper trust open d special accaur~t (under balanee,~~heet accau `L99 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 No 221* with the bank serving the railroad administration of s tcaaitshap 1'ne whose a. nvoic6Mac00t$ axe t11en paid, without a. } of that speciaJ. account Such special, accounts accep'tancc, out may be used for even local settiements. Li.2 . SEA" 1TLEM Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ENT S RVICI FOR NSKVYAZI Eac~~. a encY y of the Nksvyazi that is lnanced under the ~a procedure, receives a linliit advice from the agency irn- ~,staana to i.of to it, setting foi tli the monthly income and di - tlled..at. ~Gl~. ~ SLlper. cement plan The 'bank supplies the coriimuficatiouls agency bur ~ the lrianthly amount of expenses required by it pursuant to to limit advice. For this 1 purpose a clCaring account, is opened for it. sander balanceMSheet account No 1L.0 'tNarkomsvyaZi -- operating , accounts" to which the amount of the limit notice is expense transf on the 1st of each month? Assume that the Rayon of~ errcb. o d ice Ui pasts and Teie graphs is assigned. rrLanthly expense account of 15,000 rubies, which is also stated in the limit notice. On of the month the bank makes the entry; debit account the first Na 1L6 nNksvy?axi -- ope r'a'ting: income acCODUlttt and the detail account No 0 (nccarn~, ~; o the }yon Communications 0ffi ce; credit ~ ) . ~1 lksv yazi ~- operating expense accouritstt and ex- account No 1h0 ~ ~ pense account No 1 of the same Communications Office. Under the usual procedure that Office will receive funds for its expenses from ~~om: that, account. loll its receipts must. be deposited daily in the bank., which despite the amount of such deposits to cash and ~. 1L~6 ''NksvyaZi operating ir.!.come accountsU credits accoun?t5 No by the above mentioned detail account No 0. The income off' the com munlcatians office thus gradually accumulates to the credit of 300 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RD P82-00039R000200060027-5 t r kk I. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 detail account No 0 On the first of tYae following month the credit side of that account may be eithex greater or srna1ler than the debit side (end the account is thufs a1tern~tive1y resource and liability). The balance ?.n this account or. the first of the month is trarl sf erred by telegraph, in even ruble s, through I\FO to the corresponding account oz the irrnnediately superior organ of Nksvyazi, and all these amounts will f'ina J.y be gathered (in even thousands of rubles, by telegraph, on the first of each month) into the corrrespondin ; account No 0 in i.oseow, at the Operations Iaeadquarters of the Head Office of the State Bank, The working; capital of khozraschet organs of the Nksvyazi is recorded on account No iL1 "Nksvyazi Enterprises -- clearing accounts'', and on personal account No l of the Idiozraschet cor- munications agency in questton, which is an ordinary clearing account. The Nksvyazi carries out a transfer operation by which cer- tain sums are either accumulated at different points or withdrawn frorl different points to pay incoming transfer calls. The funds so accumulated by local Nflksvyazi agencies are kept separately at the bank in account No 117 'Nksvyazi for transfer operations't. The State Bank also makes funds avlable to pay transfers to such agencies on this account, and allows?a'debit balance on it. At the end of the ,year , the bal ances of the account are transferred through to Oblast Regional Offices of the Bank .to the Operative Headquarters of the bank in Moscow.. 3 `iii? y. -r , ~ ,:p r ,.., i , ,. RW 1 .,., oS r , k 4p ,I Ir:, s. I , i.; >..;f. f ,.. a,.:.:., .},r 1'? .,:, { '..1. ~'~,; .+..i. , , ., I,M1 .{. 21 ie Y . rl . tr i r. ,I,~-~ A, .: y .T,....r v., r d. :4.,SfY ~. r/ r,iP I., 1 ,.,,. I,. .., .:. ,..,C , ,1 ~1 .;..I.r. ,,.. r . .,:...: ...I ,~~:~hlr. . ,. ~~K~+~:d,,.9M1,u~. ~tn'~SR..:, wra4.f~ftf 1,L~.L 4r.ud_.. a~.lt. 1. v,,,. It..:. rc:. ~. ~:~I, Ul, ~',w.F. I.r,.,..,,.L,l}r'la.9k?...AYd;Y V.l~~dsufY. il.., ~. tl, .,J:._. 1 ~'.',..i? ,..,.,n,,, ,).,,/-br,i,fg th:. I. ,, J. ,1x~. ~~/ntlfltl~fv ,~,1 .. v. ,.,, ., I _.. ., ,. :;,:4r!~!.~..~ ...ot4' s. { ,' r r ^ r'. r ,r a S w. 1 V y { t ~ Y k , 5 9 f Y I ~ t I t I ! ~' r ~ i n , t f 1 J r t r a t T a V t d a r" A f G P ?' (! ~ ~~ t . b Y'~ ~I 1 f a F I v 3 8{ r I 9. ! t Aw R I h f x 1 d t ~ t t I r o h 4, ~ yy 7 I n II ~ } jf4J 71i I~'c4{ $ ~ ' ' ~~ Y~jl r 1l ~l vd rd -~tl ;t klik~ ~W'~ 1t I {~ lIrr d r {- .,w4. . f k ~ f ! I I I I: S i- R I 1 7 d i ~ t ,I V 1 r r 1 ~ J i ! u I r b. ( I I i f ~ , f M~ ~ , Y I 1 ~ r 1 ^~ d 1 1 li ! S aj ~ r c Iv r l a 1 f ~: ~ r r , ~ I f r 6 ; 11 ~ n 4 I I 1 . r r I I ! , S r 1 G 4 ~ ~ ; t i r v II i r U t d '1 ~ 7 ~ ~ 1 I r I r i r i 1 hk c Yr Irp ,l r l 4 tS rl I f n j 'kp e1" i1 ! d { ii r ,IA i4 ~ I Lr,r v ~. ~~ W7~A~I"s'll'{fit 4~1h~'~fr~lh~.,,1d~s~t.~rlttfi~fn%>l~ftl~i~7~rk,'I,~~~P#1r:~~Nf,~.ld?Hl,r:1~;i1 eclassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 at The bk pera.odical:hY checks, M w~.~h the ru~.~~ off' ~as1~ .~ a~i agencies, their camp1~. ,. ;cocc~ds them o all na ospec allY depOSIt by ~~~r~~nca~~1 d~. r ~ca.p~.~. to be held ~'ox txansfcr~ etc. oxceedi.n~ the 1a.of cash Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 A INVOLVING ~E' 'UNION SOCIAL l~3? S ~'~ S xNS'LI-N c' FUNDS TP.AD1 UNION N'DS The tradeuflion e,genoies sell dues stamps and disp4se of service to union members. Tha extain finds for expenses of c hel ing the trade-uflt0nS by supp Y.~ State dank has the task of p 1lecting the proceeds of the stamps, ing them with sta~aps, co the unions to the central of Tice of trant~f erring these pro tdS ~, cash and sett~.ement serQice fbr and also by organ. ~.zing the usual the nn~.ona? In order to saws these problems, each branch acts as a stamcps, which are sent by Goxnak. deposit" of trade?uni,on dues its invoices to the RAgion*3. Office (The &o~nak sends copies of of the State Bank. This office then f olloWs up the proper' entry" of the j.ncoming dues stamps as additions to nonbalance~shaet acvounts on the books of the branches of the bank~.pr from other d are recorded on the non-balance sheet branches of the banks an account No. X23 utnkens for payment of state duttes and other of accourbts is used so as t~ assure re tax jmposts", a system ceipt by the central offices of the trade unions of the proceed? of the dues etas; and the usual currant accounts are kept with and used4al3o by the latter to par their the trade union agencies expenses, The Fabzavk011 have the usual current accounts at the establ.ishents of the .state bank. The variaueitems of iricaiad weld. as 'mnounts from the trade-won pass to this account, as Ian ~s~rs ified in Part - Sanitized Co if Pu,~4 1111 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 organ e~?~tel~' auperi?r, a certain percentage of the dose 11~red by the bank, eta. ~ $ acu~.red: the interest a staff at an astab~.ishmen~t of the bau-k, ~'a~b~avkom buying dues stems a pays from its ord~,x-ary curacent a,acaunt0 for them in cash or f r the gta~as axe cred3~ted to the current The amounts collected for avkom the trade union to which the Fabx subacca~t of the TsK of ' the entries on sale ot the stag a1e belongs. ConseQuently' Credit acc4'int No. 1~9 11'ent either: debit cash acc%wflt, zatiofln (current subaccaunt of . aca) ants of trade ur? ~.an organs TsK of the trade union) 3 or debit account No. 1~9, detail om3 exedit the same balanco-sheet t account of the I~abzavk cuJ:.L* subaccaunt mentioned above. At I~ acaaunt per the detail current t sups gold is charged out the end of the daY the amount of es ~ able the bank to k~naw ghat Fab~av om o ~ of account r l~~3? To en G ~estkom bought stamps, and L or that amount, the card of the de the TsK of the union ie kept in cols tail ccent subaccnur~t of t nax' ssi ed to each Fa~b~avkom or ~stl~o~a fcr m, with one colu~an a ~ phis all deb~.ts and credits to the of that un3.on? Besides , reflected in the usual certificate, went cubaccount are `. si atures and seal of a superior trade lega~iZed by the ux~.on 4 . gn - unit (not below Oblast level) , the Fabmestkom mar be suthoxi.Zed ~ aid by it for due to receive a part (2Ou O%) of the amounts p i stamps. 1e such a standard certificate is net ? presented to the bank, them tl amounts o~i.n for the union involved are tramaw . a ~,nc g feared xithout deduction to the Oblast Regional. Office of the . . ctirrt State Bank. The samB/eubaccouhts by '?na (broken done into ' `,... - ?.; are also asar?. kept ire the branches of the bank, f' ~~aestkoma~ 14~ i?,19 '~ 1 t `.~I~t4 ti? ,4' lI,\PI ~JII 4 iy1k ~ r i 1 t II 714 t~J~ ~'u piS~kZlh4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 kept in the Regional O1 Q8 iteelf for the entry cf the rem cei. to for the stamps sold. and the transfer of such receiptse Twice a month, on the 1st and 16th, there is a transfer of the TeK of the unfons to the from the. currant sub,a,ccounts tkoma in accOrd~ce ,iith the ataTh current accounts of the F~abmes mentioned. If, for tnstance, the d&rd certificates we have the the current subaCOOant shows that correapondS.ng colt of abnestkam in question bought 3200 rubles' north of stamps in F etar18X?d curtificate, ' percent 1~ days, and according to the is due to its then the bank makes the entrry'~ Debit account No. ab~stkom in questionfor 1bQa .,~oux-x?nt ~subaccount of she ~` , 1~9 rubles. the amounts for due staffs that have The renatnder of t subaccvunts are gi?tacr-eousl7 trans acaumulat?d in the aurren Oblast or Kra' egional Offices, where (erred through FO to the have been opened for the see trade transit current accounts ~. union TsK? The Oblast or KraY Region2. Offices may have instr1tivns from this TsK to leave or transfer such and such a percent" the dues stamps at the dispQeitian of age of the proceeds from The balances of the.tran8it the Obkoir of the respective unions. tics a month, on the 7th and 22nd, by accounts are traflsnd.tted the 'Rd gianal offices of the bank to the establishments of the , bank in xhi:ch the centralized current account for dues stamps is union in question and in which account kept. by the Ts1( of the coUsc$ed? Finally the TeK the roe cede of dues. sung are. thus A of the trade un3,ons place a part of the pr~cEedc s? concentrated " . , . 305 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027 5 m Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 SOCIAL INSURANCE FUND at the disposition of VTsS, while the remainder is placed in their ordinary clearing account, of which they dispose and from , which they withdraw funds for the fulfillment of their respee?' tine plane, (The sale of dues stamps may also be handled by Raysberkassya who receive an advance of stamps from the State Bank andorder the State Sank, ever; days, to charge their accounts with the amounts received by them for stamps sold. Such orders are accompanied by the first copies of- the Fabmestkom applications. This entire system assures the planned distri- bution of the amount received for dues stamps, and makes it possible to elucidate the role of the separate rayons and obl,asts in the sale of due stamps as well as the financial es- timate discipline of the trade union organs. The accumulation of aocial insurance funds takes place under the same procedure used for collecting trade union funds: naaaely through a system of current subaccounts, transit and centralized current accounts of the Strakhkassy of the union TeK. The distinction is in that the insurance premiums are not paid in cash, but are charged to the clearing accounts of the insurers on the basis of their comlmission"orders (special form) and that there commission orders (second copies) are either for.. warded together with copies of the. current subaccounta and traneit? accounts to the insurance offices in the same cities where such accounts are kept' or are dispatched, together with the o3 1~?~y~i atl Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 SETTL TS OF GOSZAGOTOVTT +" l WITH 5,tt1ERS OF RICULTURA'r PROAUCTS wr afae~tfb~ 8 t is to the higher~levex (Oblast Kral, or 'e- trans month from public) insurance offices. Transfere are made 3 times a the current aubaacaunts, on the let, 11th, and 2Z?et, from the . ed accounts' ~ times a month, on the 1st, transit to the cent~xaa?ix and ten tines a month in ova cow, 'eningrad, 7th, 13th, 19th and 25th bank insists that all T ganisations de' ~~1kov and Kiev. The posit their insurance pre-W3 piiflctuallYn and refused to issue that delay insurance payments. The or? funds for wages to those dory of the insurance offices to charg* the arrears (delayed de- posits) that have accrued against insurexa are incontestibla and are satisfied by the bank under the compulsory pracedUZ e, itjited" lately after wages. Social insurancs arrears, however, are coh- . /acted from the current accounts of Kolkhozes and promkolkhOZea only under a court execu.tian. 3Q.7 The state collection organisations settle with state and cooperative sellers of a icultural products exclusively by clear- the bank debit the corresponding accounts ing (+ e? by having aniZation? and credit the clearing accounts of the collection ?rg of the sailers) with kolkhozea either in cash or by transfer t~ ; . sellers desire; and in. cash with the kolkhoZ accounts as the duals. Settlement is made immediately kolkhoz members and indivi a!VJ. thholding is permitted only.. for an delivexY of the products, loans. ' The bank settles with ths seed loans and consumption sellers on the;basi~ of daily listsprosented to it .ire duplice~te .:. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ~I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 on or6antzation showing the recefpte issued for by the aolleati accepted produats. Once a month the establishments of the bank check the accuracY of the lists by comparing them on the epot the receipts issued on acceptance of the (at the Agotp) with the wish of a kolkhoz, the collection organization products . At irill isaau?a payment order, payable by the Mate Bank after veri- fication of the authenticity of the signatures. The amounts due to kolkhozes whose current accounts are outOf"tV1 branches of the bank' are transferred to kept in uch branches b 1LFO credit advises. Amounts due to kolkhozes s by whose current accounts are kept in the same branch, are credited to these accounts and debited to the accounts of the state co1- lection organization. L. 1CEOUTORY DOCUN ENTS A document for the involuntary collection of a certain amount fry a definite payer is called an executory document. executions; court orders; arbitration awards They includex court of state (extra departaaenta1) and departmental arbitration boards . (for instance, oaoU ` arbitration board) which have the Tsentr to enforce the execution of their awards; ? executt'ry nota' right bons of a notary' instance on matured notes); accepted bills placed with the bank for collection and not paid at . maturity orders of Finorgauy for the collection of taxes and ? , orders of insurance off ice3 for charging of arrears; arrears, orders of Finorgan to tranefer to the Spetsbanki the deposits ~' 30R Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 and p aent$ due them, etc. aurnents are presented by their holdera Local executory do the establishment of the bank in which the (the credit' a ) to clearing account of the payer is kept, so that dither payment or , a counter claim against the creditor may be offset on account of demanded andobtained. 14 for off nts for any amounts are accepted Executory docume set. In general, hOever, the bank does not accept executory doe- ubles for collection. Collections for social uments under X00 r insurance and taxes, coilections in favor of kolkhozes, claims, against budgetary institubons, an f individual citizens against 'organizations, are accepted by the bank regardless of their c +Mt, y? s amount. Each executOr'Y document must show whether it relates to basic (operating) activity or to capital investment (construc- tion), The State Hank accepts only those executory doewnents that relate to the princip1 activity and to settlements for cap from funds held in special accountscapital r epalx` to be made f the State Hank. against payers located in other cities Executory documents holders for collection to the bank that. are turned over by their also accepts other documents for collec- serves them. The bank tion, such as, for example, dispositiaas of the GlavkY of the industrial Narkcamats on the compU19a charging of amounts of , amortization and profit not deposited v.th the Spetabankl, all . 3n9 . r A I sti t G~ iI1 li I I i ii` r I ~~t ~ ~~~l{,~,Y-.,'f ~~i ~~, 1~1~4'~1~Nlp ~s`i~i'~~~~!~~d ~v 0d ~. Dui h,' 41 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 y5 The arigina], documents for out-sof-town payers are sub - witted to the bank with a set of collection orders in triplicate, which in their form recall the supplier's bill. A collection order must have the follawing requisites: Name, address, and number of the clearing account of the execution-craditCr; name, address and number of clearing account of the payer, designa- ...-._.._..... tio.a ...nu ber...and .c ta, of the (executory) document deposited for collection, by whom and where issued, whether related to operational activity or capita]. investment, amount of the doc- ument and amount of interest payable. Collection orders are turned into the bank with a list in duplicate, obligations of cooperative organizations on loans received from the adjustment fund. On each collection order the establishment of the bank that accepts it fixes the document return date which is compu- ted by adding lb days to twice the mail transit time. The third copy of the out'of..town order forwarded for collection is charged into account No. echcdule B. Incoming collection orders are registered in the usual manner at the payer's bank, and then the executory documents are placed in card file No, 2 and charged. into account No. b].~, "Settlement documents for col.. lection, not paid at maturity", while other documents are placed in card file No. 1 and charged into account No. l~1II. Executory documents are kept by the bank until their payment, delivery to a marshal of-the court, or recall by the execution creditor. If the executory' document has not been paid in 10. days, the payer's bank must nct ify the execution creditor Is bank. Paid executory t 1` Rr~ 3 A ~;Jdnt'~ ,I urn , i ~ W G jrIcB4B 'q'r 1l~ 411,,' 31D W J~a y , r .ro ~ ~ t r ti f~m4i ~ ~ I ~~ '~' ~a,~~ ~~ r~ '' 0.r c ~i ~ i~i. ~$~i`9 /~ # ~ `~If#iF,~i Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82-000398000200060027-5 41 ri1 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 documents are delivered to the payer With the next s tatement Of hih3 clearing account. In all other respects, the collection Of executory documents is formalized analogously to that of supplier's bills. In the enforcement of larger amounts (20000 rubles for the USSR budget, 50000 rubles for SR budget and 10000 rubles for local budget) against budget institutions, the executory documents are presented by the execution creditors to the NKF USSR, NKFSR or the local Finorgan, as the case may bey which then, within five days give the bank a disposition in writing on the payment of the document out of the debtorts budget credit or funds, In voluntary collections from enterprises in favor of individual citizens are only accepted by the bank from the marshals of the court, and the amounts so collected are credited to the account of the corresponding peoples Court. The bank must concern itself wi th involuntary collection from the clearing or current accounts of its clients since all funds of the client are concentrated in these accounts. If there are no funds or insufficient funds in the clearing accounts, the bank will make charges against it towards satisfaction of all claims, pursuant to the priorities of payment fixed by law. Funds for wages have the first priority for payment. For this purpose, an amount may be earmarked on the account for five days on an application filed by the fixra the day before the wages are to be paid. ,IN(?i S :d' O A 2+~4~1~V ~ ~ iwlt ~ e61 { Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 o C: Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Next comes the tranaf er of the , amounts ?r., thheld from the 'workmen and e o ees on account of their. subscriptions fox state m~. Y loans and for taxes and so cial insuraflae' Second in order of Priority are the claims of the budget nmaunal d epartmente for rent of building space, for taxes, of co etc. Third in order of priority' payment is made for imported goods , as well as the orders of firms or of their higher~leVel andof Ilnorgany for the transfer of depreciation funds links (and profite) to the Spetsbanki and to speci 1 accounts for capital repair. Fourth in order of priority, pastt.ddue and matured obligations on loans to the State Hank are paid. Other documents in card file No. 2 are paid fifth in order executory of prioritY. Bills for bread, salt, and distilled liquors are paid first among the past-due bills in card file No. 2. . Sixth in rder of priority, matured bills, obligations, If funds are insufficient for full payment of etc. are paid. an e xecutory documents of.a given order of priority, it is paid in part. Such payment, together with its new balance, is noted on its back. At the wish of the ho]der of executory documents, they' may be r eturned to him. or delivered to a marshal of the c t. In such cases, in order to preserve the compulsory force of the document and the right .to assess a late-charge, a notation is made on the ?? document leaving the bank, shc~-ring when it was received in 312 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the bank, her muoh the bank involuntarily, recovered on account, and ?when the document la ft the bank. To avoid violation of this preecribed System of priorities, a special payment document sheet is drawn up every day for all clients against whom there are executory docwnent4n card file No. 2. In this sheet the payment documents are arranged accord- ing to priorities. A considerable part of this sheet isfilled out by the collection group that handles most of the collection documents, while the remainders--columna 3, g, 12 and 13?4s filled out by the operations brigade that keeps 'the clientst accounts. Each sheet includes the clients of only a single operations bri- Bade. All detail account sheets of clients listed in the pay- ment sheet, are stamped or otherwise marked "Claims", and char- ges to such clearing accounts are made in to course of gradual payment of claims in the rr der of ' priority. In a ceordance with the balance in the clearing account the operations brigade makes payments several times a day on the documents, in order of priority, and fill out the line 0Paidon the sheet. Docu- ment received dtrectly by the operations brigade during the day for instance, instructions for the transfer .of the depreciation fund, or orders from thesocial insurance authorities and Finorgany, are immediately entered by it on the sheet, andare then delivered to the collection group for filingnin card file No.. 2 in the un- paid amount. We present a sample "Payment document sheet for c aims of various organization and of the State Bank" (see page 169) (form 47. pp p~Vw(@ r~p'~ ~' ~b4 ~1 a~lr )1F 1 Jl ified in Part - Sanitized Co Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 In recent years the deposits of private persons, (fox eoaounts above 3000 rublea) have expanded, while during wartime the operations connected with the deposita of military personnel were introduced. Deposits of military personnel are accepted in military fiold establishments and also by' those stationary establishmente of the State Bank authorized to do so by the Head Offices A substantial peculiarity of this operation is the possibility of withdrawing part of the deposit, or all of it, in any establish went of the State Bank. In connection with this, the passbook (of a special form) contains controls, which allow its authentic- ity and correctness to be verified specifically, the name of the depositor and the amount of thecpsoit). Payments made on passbooks in other establishments of the State Hank must be verified With special care. Such payments are debited to account No, 269 "Paymentson deposits of military personnel"d (The opera-' Lions on deposits of military personnel are also reflected on. three other accounts, of Group XVIII of the balance sheet, namely No. 277, 377 and 271. The captions of these accounts (see Appendix) sufficiently designate their purpose., for which a special analytical journal is kept, which helps to follow up the arrival of the credit advice from the establishment of. the state Bank for the ac c ount of which the p a yme nt is made ? A credit advice (~hich really amounts to compensation) must be ob- tained for each payment made for the accoun,of another State Jr1G~~~ i We''~F~ x '~"ti 641~~,,~~ v . u oeym'V1kt~ ~,G~ ~' u A l ' gv yi H i ?~~'Jd~66 ~ , ; i, r ray i1 1'a ~, ICde a Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 State Bank USSR roRM 214 (P? 169) pg11 IIIT DOCUN~fiITnSHEET ons and of By Claims of Various g Tt State Bank For February 17 19 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Bank eatablishmenta An account may be transferred by military personnel to another State Bank establishment, which in this case debits the amount of the depaeit so transferred to account No. 369 "Settlements for deposit accounts transferred by military personnel" and obtains a credit advice from the State Bank es-tablishment that originally accepted the d epoeit. A personal account is kept for each deposit. These personal accounts are re Lec ted in the balance sheet on account No. 161 "Other current accounts".' Deposits of private persons may be paid out only by the State Bank establishment that accepted them, ar may be trans- ferred, in whole or in part, in the usual manner, to another State Bank establishment. Each depositor is given a passbook and a personal account opened under balance-sheet account ?No. 162 "Deposits of private persons". The complete secrecy of personal deposits is guaranteed. VVhen each operation is carried out, Interest is allowed on the balance of the deposit for the time since the last op- eration. The amount of the iz terest and its total from the first of the year are entered in special columns of the personal account sheet and the passbook. Interest is paid a a1 , or when the account is closed. . I 31E Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 CHAPTER VI _._ Q LOAN PERATIONS 1, THE FORMS OF LOANS Bank credit is of an entirely concrete and purposeful character, having a faxed maburi.ty and being repayable, The term of the credit is determined for each separate loan in accordance with its specific purpose. Depending on the character of the objects to be financed by the bank, the following forms of bank loans (the substantial features and peculiarities of each form of loan are known to bhe participants from the course ttOrganization of credit and settlement's, for which reason we confine ourselves here to their mere enumeration) are distinguished: (1) For the seasonal accumulation of material commodity values. (2) For expenses connected with the seasonal process of production. (3) Against settlement documents in transit. (Li.) For letters of credit and special accounts. (5) On current goods turnover. (6) Advances, SECURITY FOR BANK LOANS Cc? The security for loans is of great significance in granting special-purpose,` fixed-maturity and repayable credit. - 317 C:C C? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Most State Bank loans are made against . rnaterial cammodity of loans by collateral is as a rule effeO"' values The securing tuated by 'the farms givif the State Bank a lien on the material- ty values financed, 1Lhese values usually renmat in the commoda. g physical ou$tady of the borrower in trust for the bank The borrower certifies the existence and Conditian of the collateral at regular intervals to the bank if the borrowers fall to liquidate their loans, the State Dank has the right to satisfy ~. its claims ms out of the value of the collateral by turning to the proceeds realized from the pledge to liquidate past-due loans. ~. In State Dank practice the following three forms of pledge are distinguished: fixed pledge, pledge of revolving; inventories, pledge of goods in process. The fru 7ms of pledge depend on the character of the loan and the nature of the security. A fixed pledge secures a loan by a ~'.fic lot of material goods, which remain in the custody of spec, the borrowing firm in trust for the banlc. The borrower has no right of substitution nor of disposition of the pledged goods without the consent of the bank. 1ihen revolving inventories are pledged, the borrower has the right to sell goods pledged, without requiring to bank's per and substitute other goods for them. In other words, mission, the pledged goods are in circulation. The value of the pledged must not fall below the amount agreed with the goods, however, assortment must correspond at all times to that bank, and the contractually.a.xranged between bank and borrower, ~8i .If x 1 ~Il~~i . 9 ~ P1~ao ;c 41) f'UInG, !1?~~Y(! Y u5 i ~C 11~~ ~7u ~E '. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 s.1a ~M pled e of goods in process has a The third form ~ very close resemblance to the pledge of circulating inventories, ' Under this form of pledge, the borrower may use the pledged raw material, auxiliary mad reriarls and other material values in its pro duoa.on. A lien is created in favor of the bank on both the t s material corn moditY values in the warehouse and production lines of the borrower and on the finished and semi nished production obtained. crea?be the lien= the firm, on receipt of the loan, de- r. 1V~ r ts letter oil lien [ instru'n~.nt o F pledge ] to the State lr a ~. v Bank in the forms shown below, and also on pages 17L-17~ Cforms 27-2B], accompanied by a statement on the location of the material ~' ? - values thereby pledged (page 173) [Form 26]. eornmodJ.t~' Form 25 (page 172) OBLIGATION ON PLEDGE AND S'T'ORAGE OF GOODS [LETTER OF LIEN] The +tl~ietallist't plant hereby delivers to the Stalinsk Reg?onal Office of the State Bank, as security for its indebtedness ~. under the time loan (as per application dumber 12 of 2~ I~pril 19)5), . good under the following conditions o (l) he pledged goods will remain in the borrower's , usY.ody the bank. The borrower is obligated to c~ in trust for execute all dtispasit~ s of the bank with respect to the goads ~.an it's own dispositions thereof without the and. has no right to make. specific authorization of ;the bank; I or inventory of the pledged goods, showing ~2) A statement o ' I K' t 7 1 td J>h I ~ ( Yl A Y I' { fl GJ ~' .W W 5 1 ': i ?S J n 't r r 7 " I f,'r ~1 ?"F"f~r' p, ,: ~ ~ra ~'~~~u`' ~,~ ~t~ y r ~ryGdl~~ Yet a~~r raw+llr ~ndeb'tedness to the bank is carried firm ng ~,~. ~?da'te past.~ the to q the Chairman of the Board o ~on f o~~~.~ on authora.~at. of n~ To obtain this au'thoriatio the mS,nager o the Mate Bank. Off i?, a.ce, after first h~a Regional dresses himself to , ~ branch ad vin found a buyer for the goods to be reali~ed? In his ha g tier to the Regional he sets forth a7.:1. informa't~Regional Off ~'Ce ' s, to ~t; 1e r the good decide the question of selling . riecessary to ' def au1ting ..rms the causes Financial data on the s~.tuation of the i uidate the es taken by the bank to ~. q of the def atL1.'t, the measur 1f takes steps to liquidate Office itse debt, etc. T'rie ucg1ane.;L if it does not succeed w'.~th~.n the -ss, but ? ~. the s,stdue indebtedne p 7 five days in uidating the arrears, it inqu~-res adjusting the question of 1. q ate Bank Board as to the of the Chairman of the State os . goods and materials noted for sale. sibilit~T of ream-z~.ng the itself is carried out by the P he reap-Zation of these values Chairman ~~ t of authorition from the state Bank branch on rece~.p the Regiona~? bed through the manager of af? the Board, transrn? ~.t Office. ation, the branch asks the on receipt of this author ~ the purchaser to pay for the goods. iay~ent is formalized by purc of the order is charged ~ tint amati maser's payment order. The credited ed to acCOLl]1t No 210 ttOther to its"clearing accaunti and ? ~ ou h a detail account of the p debtors urchaser. and cred~.tors thr g this account until the goods ,. SO transferred rernains in The aTnal).fl~ >J W J Li c 1 cq C' 0 - C) C) ICC) I C CCC C)) C) Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA RDP82 00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 past due loan. r) flO C c:) 00 ::xz:: 4_ r U U C2 U 00 The following entries are made for this purpose: On payment for the goods, the bank branch gives the pur- chaser a written offer, in the name of the defaulting firm, for the innediate sale of the goods to the purchaser. After delivery of the goods to the purchaser, the amount credited to the account 11Other debtors and creditors't is transferred to liquidate the Debit account 'Other debtors and creditors, credit account "past clue indebtedness on short term credits". If the enforcement extends to unpledged goods, the branch in its demarche to the Regional Office does not indicate the buyer, and the sale of such values is made after the receipt of authori- zation from the chairmen of the board of the State Lank, by the marshal of the court, pursuant to the legislation in force. The marshal delivers the goods and materials sold to the purchaser on receipt of advice from the branch that payment has been made therefor by the purchaser. It must be borne in mind that Under no circvnstances is it possible to sell the property and material commodity values that are exempt from execution under the legislation now in forcer For instance, equipment, industrial buildings and structures, dwelling and operative edifices, raw materials and fuel necessary .for the operation of the enterprise, cannot be sold. Seed and agricultural inventory necessary for the fulfillment of the production plan by the farm involved, or unharvested crops, are not subject to salee A special procedure is applied to firms financed against C:: E; 00 C 00 4fl :'OAC:'S Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 l&J C COO CU? settlement documents in transit. LC the State Bank has de termined that a supplier is regularly shipping goods to in~ solvent purchasers and fails to take decisive steps to re~ oover their indebtedness from tllem, the. State Bank branch that serves the supplier warns it that after twenty days it will refuse to accept bills drawn against habitual, defaulters as collateral far the loan account. Habitual, defaulters are kno~m from the data of Schedule B of the collection card file for non-balance-sheet account No Li.35 "Settlement documents forwarded for collection", as well as from the investifations of the suppliers themselves. Purchasing firms that repeatedly delay their payments by more than 15-2 days are classified as habitual defaulters. The bank serving the payers also takes measures to liquidate the indebtedness of slow payers to suppliers. If these measures fail to produce the desired results, the payers bank informs the banks that financed suppliers of such ;pro-' longed defaults. faulters. The bank that finances the suppliers against settlement documents in transit verifies the bona fide commercial character of such documents. With this object, the refusals of payers to accept bills, and the recalls of bills by suppliers, are system- atically observed and studied. This surveillance over non- acceptances and recalls is carried on by means of a separate registration card made out for each supplier, in which are C)D Such advices help to show up chronic de- 0 D of u c:~a ;j Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 o;o Ce ~tance or recall of bills with the entered all cases of non ac p reasons c'.a1 control on the delivery of The bank sets up a spe a ?~n b f in~s that viala~e the rules for documents for cal].ect~o Y f 111anC7.ng and settlements (giving wrong slipping dates, va.olating ''a purchaser, etc.) For instance 1 the conditions of contracts ~~t ht to demand the production of shipping t the bank has the rig ' I " contracts, or other documents documents, quality cert]..flcates, by which the bills delivered for c?lleCtiorl may be shown to have ~.l:~.s dela. been properly drawn. 13hen it uncovers clear abuses on the part of a supplier with the object of illegall ?y obtaining credit against settlement docLVnents in transit, the branch holds the guilty persons " and stops transfer of funds from the loan criminally responsible account against settlement documents in transit to the suppliers an extreme measure, the branch may place clearing account. As before the Regional Office the question whether credit to the t settlement document in transit should firm in question agaa.ns not be entirely stopped. The removal of firms from the list of those eligible for the authorisation either of credit takes place in all cases on Board of the State Bank, five days after the Chairman of the vine "urisdiction has been notified, if the p'eople's Comnc.ssar ha ~ J tharit is concerned, or of the manager an enterprise under Union au y o Regional Office of the bank,, five days after the organs of ' the Reg ' ns affected is subjact, if it is of re- ~,der which - the organ~.zata.o ublic or local subordination. p 00 (::4::::). 0, 0 0 C. 0 00 :C O Iw0 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Aproved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA RDP82-00039R000200060027 5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 ENNT OF LIQUIDATION OF LOAN INEEETEDNESS i6. ROST PQN TO THE STATE LANK IN RAYONS LIBERATED FROM THE GER1~AN OCCUPIERS the decree No 129 of the SNK USSR of February, Pursuant to 19L3, all state and cooperative enterprises and organizations in Rayons liberated from 1 the German occupiers are granted a moratorium to the State Bank and other creditors, which an indebtedness, re the occupation. This mora.tariwn is in force originated bef o until further disposition of the SNK USSR. In connection with this, the State Bank establishments lrawing funds from the clearing accounts of such stopped withc ,, enterprises and organizations in payr?ent of indebtedness that originated before the occupation. The recovery of past due indebtedness from enterprises and organizations may be effectuated only from excess working ~. excluding indebtedness that originated before the capital, occupation. State Bank establishments transferred all extended The ss on short-term credits, for all types of loans, from indebtedne the corresponding loan accounts of Section VII of the balance sheet qtsrhort-.torm credit and settlement operations'' to a newly balance-sheet account in the same Section: Account No opened lbb I1Ex~&ended indebtedness On pre-occupation State Bank loans," Overdue loans and overdue interest receivable from the above- mentioned enterprises and organizations were also transferred to this account No 166 from Section VIII of the balance-sheet 8 7 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 3 00 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 "Overdue indebtedness to the bank". In the analytical accounting of each enterprise and or- ganization detail accounts were opened to correspond to those on which that indebtedness was recorded under Sections VII and VIII of the balance sheet before its transfer to account No 166. Interest on extended indebtedness is charged quarterly at the rate charged before maturity, except for items transferred from account No 222 "Overdue indebtedness on short-term credits", on which 1aercent, is charged from the day of transfer to account No 166, instead of 6 percent charged on account No 222. interest-free basis. 'ci 1Z~~kN. rD~A7'4~y The interest charged on extended indebtedness of firms and organizations is debited to the detail account for uncol- lected interest which is opened for every such customer under balance-sheet account No 166, and is credited to account No 28 "Interest accrued on extended pre-occupation indebtedness.' No interest is charged on the detail accounts of uncollected interest under balance-sheet account No 166. Customers' notes for extended indebtedness are recorded on the non-balance-sheet accounts No ?L.O2 '!Notes on short-term credits" and No 11.OL~ "Collateral for special loan accountstt. Such notes are kept in a special card-file. ' ~;ypayds 3yflshryby~l~ ~I Interest is not charged on loans which were made on an '- 'C! , A ?i . I r Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 h?~d f61S', Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 When collection of overdue indebtedness is resumed on the instructions of the SNK USSR, all the notes previously given by a customer will be exchanged for a single demand note in the total amount of the extended indebtedness and extended interest. Indebtedness subject to extension on balance sheet account No 200 "Loans for various purposes't is not transferred to balance sheet account No 166, but postponement of collection is noted on the detail account sheets under account No 200. Indebtedness to the bank which is carried on balance-sheet account No 600 "Indebtedness of enterprises, Narkomaty, government departments and organizations" (in Section XXVIII of the balance sheet "Settlements for operations in State Bank establishments where accounting records have not been preserved, owing to the ware) are transferred to balance-sheet account No 166 on appli- cation of the borrowers. s GY) Bc' Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 STAT r' CEJ PTt VII INTER.BRNCHsETT-Ec 1. INTER-BRANCH SETTLEMENTS AND THEIR MEANING ' Inter'-branch settlements are mutual, settlements between two blishments of the bank, both of which have complete balance I seta 4 They originate primarily in connection with the execution sheets. v i b the bank of its clients' out-of-town commissions. y; Inter branch settlements make it possible for the bank to exercise the functions of the sole clearing center of the country, all free funds, regulating the currency circulation by accnrnulating and executing the cash aspects of the state budget. Y;G important most operations performed through the inter-' T; The branch tran rs F07 are as follows: Receiving payment and trans- sf e f erring it to an out-of-town supplier, paying a supplier on a letter l;. of credit for an out-of -town buyer, transf erring funds of a firm to k , F other cities, collections for social insv.rance, state budget, trade unions, Nks azi, NKPS, and savings banks, distribution of funds for ~' . construction, settlanents for replenishments of the cash supplies of 1 F ,f a bank and for withdrawal of excess cash from its cash supplies, and, , fina11Y, accumulating the profits of the bank itself. It is clear ' that the MFO accounts are used primarily to hold t from the foregoing ~temporarily those funds of bank clients that have arrived at certain oint$ and have not yet been credited to accounts at other points p sit) s and that the interrelations between the branches ~ amounts in transit) andthe Head Office with respect to decentralized resources (funds of . Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Aproved for Release 2012/03/28: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 the bank and note circulation) are adjustsd through the U?O accounts, as are these interrelations with respect to the redistribution of funds within the State Bank system. The correct organizations and accounting of inter-branch transfers is of great importance both for the bank and - what is still more important -- for the entire national economy served by the bank. A badly installed system of document circulation, or unsatisfactory accounting and control for inter-branch transfers an unavoidably delays the delivery of their funds to the clients and M inaccurate crediting of funds to their accomnts. This is involves unavoidably reflected in the financial condition of the firms, and, in the last analysis, results in losses to the bank. Inefficient accounting and control of inter-branch transfers considerably in-" creases the opportunities for abuses. There are always two branches that participate in inter--branch ansfers: One of them initiates the operation, let us assume for tr that it receives payment and credits it to the account instance, tIMFO initiated" and makes the initial entry on MFO- The. other branch responds to the first one and makes the contra entry by debiting the account 'FO Contra". A special document, the advice, is used as a posting medium for this Contra entry to the 1O accounts. The advice he branch that initiates the operation ( for ~.~i~ent by t instance by the supplier's bank), to the branch that makes the contra entry (the bank serving the s'gyplier or, in general, the payee). An inter branch transfer which is credited in one branch is thus reflectedIn the other (contra) branch as a debit to the mutual settlement accounts, and conversely. Since the initial and contra Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 M 6 ~" c T ; . t i ~i ssu' 4 C'1 V 0 rio Yi A iI' d11I I;I 00 CU e) 0 entries are made at different times and in diff erant places, es pecia11y careful control over the agreement of the MFO entries in the two branches. The scrutiny and verification of the identity between initial and contra entries is called reconciliation, ~vitovk~ and the difw ferent method of organizing it distinguish the various systems of MFO accounting. Before taking up these systems of accounting, we shall still dwell on the importance of the accounts reflecting inter-'branch transfers in the balance-'sheets of the individual brances and in the consolidated balance sheet of the bank. For each individual branch, inter branch transfers may represent either a source of funds or a investment of them, since each branch, in its interrelations with other branches, pays out and receives various amounts on their account. If the payments exceed the receipts, then the inter-branch transfers, resulting as they do in a net withdrawal of funds from the branch, are shorn in the resources. If, on the other hand, the receipts for the accounts of other branches exceed such payments, then the inter-branch transfers will serve as a source of funds for the branch, Not only do the resources or liability balances on MFO account differ among different branches, but even in the same branch, the character of the balances on these accounts may change from tune to time, depending on the economics of the Rayon served by the branch. The accounts that reflect interbranch transfers are alternative ly resource, or liability. The balances of the detail MFO accounts make the control account in the balance sheet of the individual branch either resource or liability. These are just as real 00 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 Each branch is assigned its ourn five-digit transit number by the A w~ , i? wyv, ~yKq r I~ ~~ ~Y)~>v ~~y?~JIJY ~l~rCj~ 7Aa ~Y6, ., fI ~.'I+~~ir~ r~~~~r~,rN'~11~rMY ~,.,4 ~~18, r~: 1~. I~$I~rh iN ~5Fth9 ,. ~L~Se~~~4Pl:Y ~`a ,!i ~ s .k: d >?~ ~ ~ ro~~, i Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 component parts of the balance sheet as the other asset arid 1ia. bait items, and can therefore not be omitted. In th4 consolidated b 1anca sheet of the bank however, which includes all of its es- ishments (the Head Office and all branches), when all orders of tab/ the single branches have been received and executed by other branches, balances of the MFO accounts must be equal on asset and liability the sides, mutually balancing each other and forming an internal balance, When the resources and liability balances oI the MFO account in the consolidated balance sheet are equal, they may be completely excluded, without disturbing the equilibrium, since they have no real meaning. In this case, the shrnv only the anounts redistributed within the they State Bank system, but represent neither withdrawal nor placement of the funds which are completely reflected by the other items of the balance sheet. In view of the.fact, however, that there are always MO items in transit as items entered only by the initiating branch are termed, there is always some discrepancy between the balances of the M'0 resources and liability accounts in the consol- idated balance sheet. This discrepancy is usually an exaggeration of the liability side and shows the amount of the funds actually employed in IMO. The branch initiating an MFO transaction is conventionally termed the A branch, while the branch executing the order of another branch acts is termed the B branch. Obviously each branch ' v~.n different cases as either an A branch or B branch. But for the sake of greater clarity we shall consider r separately the ' initial and contra turnovers in the mutual. settlements between branches. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 v b"11" t~1 ~4~IP~g1I~1 ~tdt- CIC+ ~r?'ls.~~ d~lr~r a~llet ('r/r~ .~ tt'~a"'i Y+~" 1'Ii1G114 Yj+~'t+yy8~ IC~iY! ttic ft r~ iAll ~ t1~ SfY:~ 0 0 0. J U 0. period -when it was in use, the interbranoh transfers were never reconciled even during a single year. A decentralized recornoiliation is also possible. Under it, each branch on receiving from the contra branch a confirmation of the advice sent to it, reconciles its own initial entries and make sure that they have been correctly reflected by the other branch. The positive side of this system lies in the fact that operation and reconciliation are brought close together, in the branches' interest in the accurate execution of their orders and, finally, in the distribution among all the branches of the large amount of work involved in their reconciliation. But it also has its negative sides: Since the work of reconciliation is scattered over the whole network, the possibility of using the prevailing great productivity of machines is excluded; the disagreement of the amounts is likewise scattered, and this exceedingly hinders and delays their adjustment. It is for this reason that this system, used for a short time by the State Bank also failed to yield a satisfactory result. 0 0 0 0 0 .. C7 0, a ~ ? c o THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CURRENT MFO SYST1 ( and contra interbranch transfers. ha s system coneists in the011o1~ring ,;l.Er li ~l tf n ~ t~rylr1~vtS J..:^~ Ci~ti"~,pu~ri(`Yi.l ~,i h~Y{~4J~il~, b! 6t4 ~~tr~R~~~~r~'~~~ ~ '"D^;?''~~rMt hi Nj~~~4~ti4.~~" i'S ^ M~n~f~"~~~t~~6 !~ ~Y~"~'~IAYdir ~t ~f~W ~I^h ~~~^,1~ It~J'14 gi fiP 1~",`tn~r~t~~'~fa~r1F },~~:af$r ~~ '(1"Il, ~1,,tll a6~y,Jt ~+(t{t 4,~~vi ~G t~ ~'tr ~j ~t~Yl l~(iD l ~~~~il h} 7d~ll l~ /~Y IIAY f`'`}1 p'#~a,~~~,'Ja~ Fl.? 6i YI~Y 11 ~!Y.j ~')~( t r n nrI{aM k~. {: q. d J 1~8~, +t1.~'~7G:~ 4" ~`f~'1 fr~y~rl i(f~la'1~isl~~5f 'Ilbq~>' 'u;. ? td~;~~. ~~1~r ~h (rill >,"P ar+f, ~ ?; r~ i~~. ,fir I~{+k r?'x iiE'~I r~~~ k )~(1p~'#i~, ~ :~yf , ~ '~,Jty,a {11F.I~r; ",'?.t', rr, ~l~,~J ~ Vy i,~ r .,41 r , L N~'y4''rt d~ ~~, ~'1f?Itl .51i~ ~... t r 1~1 a:1{.e rl~~.~: ~c fY'rl .?:,, I, ~~: P.r ..:, IIJ~,I'JaIF)) tl' .~li 1 I a. ;r .?, ~tf,r~ .1': 'I'%, ?,~ ,~' ~~ ~.hl ~,ei jj. ''10 ~ ~ ,;,, di, , a rql ~`. i~ 1 NI !'}eE fh.a'Y4 ;~'.: d~/h a pa.. C~ -~( li ~~ 11 4r 4,11 '~ h~.~~!} ~j~ f~j'!1}M>t. Ir 4f ;. ~r e 4~. ~~~4. 71. J~4 +~. 1. ~ ~ x' ~I ~~il ~f"! I~r7~ xY~~l4 ~ ~,~m2~ v "~~~~/f~~~J' ' r~ ~~, r. Y 1 I, ij.. ;J 4 ~ ~ 1, U v ~iht .t ,J ~ ~!,+ ~ 'y'j~ ,4 ?~~ ~~d' ~~, 7 ,~.. t tl, r '6. n~"j~. bt4&,t~ 14~q ;'~,, 1v'~``n pJ Iv! ..;~~~ j .c ii r l , 1 ~,.?,r., ~~'; +1 :Y.., r ~ ~a', ~ , u ? ~~1t~? , 4 r ?i ~; (4?; U7jjl til t,. 7., Cdr ?c. LC C M1 " 1 ;;, ~1 J,; l l tw r~' I,r . ~ , , f , i ~+! LC !, C(U( D C ~i 4? 9 i t;'-,,xI )V ~F.J d 0 4 fl{ 1 oru ~JYS~]pl ~~~~ llu.~,# .,fr.f .'il .+? ~ 3 IIt~. I'rS 'M~ y S~~.. r~~ ,tM1 1. 1 1 ,f~l~ I, ~v ~..:{'?1 w1.. ,Je ,. S,r. ~~C t Y~~6.~ ~ ?~~i 9,.,,.,It. ^i~ ,,~~? r,,,,l', ~ ?~~~ r,p~1.1, r~ '(Ar n Yrli;i!r '+ l + 1 , p A l ~ i ,1 i k t : i ~l `,~ ?i:` ,i~~ i v~a.r Y Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82 00039R000200060027-5 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 1~u ?;, ,,.tide>r, V(V r ~ I k'll11~(1~.:Y91 ~b~~wl ~' I ~ dl From the receipt and deliver documents for the nonbalance sheet accounts he deter ifles the balances of the several valuables for the following day and enters them in the vault book: ~j'~w}6~ J 7! d~1.i1~t { r a I 3. TIE VAULT Funds of the reserve and fractional currency stocks, union dues, stainps, checkbooks, shipments of foreign currency and precious metals and the like, are accepted, and delivered by the vault only on vritten:orders of the operations brigades or the chief book- keeper. To facilitate, audit of the vault operations, the valuables and money kept in it are arranged by the balance sheet and none balance sheet accounts on which they are recorded. On the envelopes, r , packages, boxes with valuables and money, it is precisely noted r what valuables they contains and in what amount, together with day, month, year, signature ofrthe,cash office employee responsible for the valuables, and the number of the balance sheet or non- balance sheet account that controls them. The packages of currency made up by the bank establishment, each containing 1,000 bills, and ,, . ~t~4dry' axei,Yil (or their parts and counterfoils), are subjected to a control (duplicate) recount. Some valuables are recorded by quantity, in the vault, instead . of in monetary terms; others are recorded at arbitrary values; and. still a third category is recorded both by quantity and value. Thus the precious metals are recorded by weight and assay, without conversion rV 1 +r I F I !r r hyy l r lrl J N?i mr r s r I Yt f i r ~ I plbb r pu }r~ ~n~ll~~?.n ~ 1 'J IG ~~ ! ~~,~ r Ifi ~ rf'~{l~ 4 1',Y~~r~~t: ~ { 4rJU tis~!!J~,,~~'~,~ {~` (!~f ~l 1 r1 ~ J\ ~ ryt?~I~r~A ! I: f i~kr It t~~ r ~ rl~xF 1111`jl~hhl t4~! ,nilil/ !!Y ~~~ (a~o-jjl I#I~n} ~~f it4 I ,r? I {l~,lX 11 ,Y ~j PlC xi4C lYri ~'+"y>:'r i'Il I 9rij CC 41}6 7'9/C ~) 6I ~ ~~~~-Y ( ll~lf~~~`~1 yl~, ,~r /~ C , .I Kr~~l~~ 'frf fI (( ~ r id'I r t~ ~G a }~'~~fr4 {{~,~~~ ,~4~f rae }~Jr J4~ I~u11 $I i~~ q jilt r?.1y IJlw ~~~~ ,~ellly x ~(k y'N (~~Z+' r~QaRl irQ~al y ull I{3, ,i~?. h ~ ,ail( a r..,!J,I~ d ~1 j~t ~ I~ p ?4ft"~a ~~ ~' s~ } rr~ s v4t~~{ !t 11 ~~ pt i" ~ 7tt I rl t ~f,~~r1 r 11--Il~yppp;; ,~ ~ I` ry, I?S~ir yyt,;llfl II }I ~lr { r/ +: ~I'~I~ir ll ? ~pl{3ty xs li1, in 1 ~b~ >r {J41 ~ ltlM~mll'1 v u- tip}' t~l I Y }~G Uri+'pk , rr? 1 ate +r dC , fYhr 1 fah EI~111f ;1? ~ Ir } ~>~''-~i'.'l ~ Ivy rf 4Up~j +rt}fS (a`l d~dir'~0'lr'R 111. r "+a q'Id IJ~ ~~ I `i ~ ~ r ~{ N~ ~ ~Pl~nk~,~ fM e~ i I I Ifir~ ~~ r~,S ~t~ ~~r '~~' 4b~gf ~^ ' la x~ I ~ dry'k 4rI ~,I ~ i k 1111,?.Immm! ~'.'x~h P2~I ~~~4,'~ tI~ n: ',! :: e r r 41 ified in Part - Sanitized Co Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 C, into monetary terms, and foreign currency in their respective W)its (dollars, pounds, francs) vdthout conversion into their equivalents in Soviet currency. The quantitative . accomiting for foreign currency and precious metals is due to the fact that the cash office enp1oyeeS are responsible for the complete intacthess of these valuables 'jthout reference to their balance sheet (monetary) valuation. Checkbooks and trust receipts of clients are carried at the arbitrary valuations of 1 ruble per piece. All documents on bich the vault and operational cash offices have carried out transactions during the day remain in the vault. They are collected and bound together into a packet by a tape passed through holes in them, and the number of pieces and total amoint is shown on the cover. Documents relating to adniniStratiVe and management expense, capital constructi on of the bank, and foreign operations, are bound together into three separate packages to facilitate the control and documentary audit of these operations. C .C C. Valuable mail is dispatched and received by a cash office employee. Valuables are shipped on orders of the operations ; I sections or f the bookkeeper's office, together th the btached o schedules, The valuables are delivered tothe post office with a duplicate list, one copy of which is receipted by the postoffice. Precious metals, foreign currency and money are forwarded through the bank's groups for collection andtx'anSpOrtpf valuables. . Postal notices of the ariva1 of mail containing valuables addressed to the bank are entered by the bookkeeper's office in a 4) ci y C '' . ?' C C I h C( / I P / ? J1 jJ! c /f C fl 4 1h4c /\ C / C C 1C '; ; ' C C C C . \\ cvii:: cC , Ci r\ C2 C C ' : : hCl IC . ified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R0002000 C''; c,. C, ,. ,.r.rLCI Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 special book for registration of postal notices. The cash offics employee detailed to accept mail at the post office is given a separate authorization for each time, The operations brigade or the head bookkeeper draw up the additions posting order on which valuables are taken into the vault. The number and date of the additions posting order are noted on the schedules or inventories and covering statements. 4. THE CASH BOOK AND THE VAULT REGISTERS The State Bank strictly distinguishes the turnover cash, or cash on hand, from the reserve currency stocks. Cash on hand means the cash assigned for transactions with the clientele served by the bank. The movement of cash on hand is reflected on the balance 0 sheet on account No 18 "Cash", for which the cash book is kept, showing the total daily receipts and disbursement of cash, together with the number of documents and the balance of cash on hand carried . forward, giving not only its grand total in words and figures, but also broken down by forms of money. The accuracy of the balance is certified by the signatures of the manager, chief bookkeeper and senior cashier. The method of keeping the cash book may be seen from the fallowing example: in a certain branch, the cash balance on 3 October was 20,30)4 rubles 80 kopeks. In the certificate: of the operational cash offices, the Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/28 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200060027-5 transactions for 3 October were expressed as follows: