TOWARD THE ECONOMY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 2012
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: July 18, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
'Arary;~y,~~ipWi'Stk`NtJGA'~Iq'~LL11!YM,AWIM4V1}I{~fAril,~~lhd'0!~{,YUlh4Sgi{q~,~,WP~RVR~WM~I.S.~P!e9.W4&lf5i~'991.Mf~SlK~S8i,IX4Sk7~U11~4~1~4~u1unL,furC~;~l~~.'_J7 ~,(~etii6.~P:n~iAr,~71v'~k_4i~,_I7kNGL??uS.V~~eS.,M~11T.+WIt Rl0.'~iJR -rJ, ~4x4nLr~si~:i!lMAi
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
30xUM`M'U NCj7x~'
SAVING PE T
____
K. Chebotarev
Duriztg 2 fav'Q yQar plans the USSR has crewed e socialist
which is the 1Eu eSt'.'scale agricultur? in the world
agriculture , .
is armed with modern advanced technology'. With direct
arid which
partyand state aid, 3,992 sovkhozes, 243,000 kolkhozes, uniting
c3 percent of all peasant; farms with 99.1 percent acreage under
~
crops, 5,818 machine tractor stat,on.s have been organized.
,
Second FivewYear Plan alone, the tractor pool of agri-
During the
increased more than 3 times; the truck pool, 10 times; and
culture,
the comb ools 9 times. :By the and of 1937, 454,500 tractors, combine p
STAT
148,800 combines, 144,500 trucics and about 78,000 assorted stationary
engines were concentrated in so 1chozes, MTS and kolkhozes. The
d he lace in the wand with regard to the number
USSR occupa~eseading p
of combines. USSR agriculture occupies second place in the wort ~
y
(after the United States) with regard to number and capacity of
ractor pool, but leas considerably outstripped the United States
t ~
with regard bo volume of operations performed by tractors.
Arming agriculture with a tremendous number of tractors,
trucks, combines, and other mechanical engines has fundamentally
structure of USSR agricultural power resources. In
changed the
Lure of tsarist Russia, draught animals were the basic
the agricul
USSR: socialist agriculture the relative proportion
engine, but in
of mechanical engines in the total volume of power resources tarn-
prised 64.2 percent in 1937. The USSR occupies second place in
the United States, with regard tote relative
the _world, after
proportion of mechanical engines in the total volume of power re-
.sources.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005 6
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
As a result of the fundamental technical raarnnment of
socx,alist agriculture and the high utilization of technology,
the volume and level of charxization of agricultural operations
are rising at rates previously unheard of. In 1937 the volume of
operations performed by MTS tractors onkolkhoz~as, surpassed almost
9 times the volume of -bhese operations in 1932.
The level of mechanization of basic kolkhoz operations during
the Second Five-Year Plan rose as follows:
Basic Operations
1933
1934
Spring plowing
22.0
--
Spring sowing
6.8
9.2
Raising fallow earth
No infor- 45.9
motion
Harvesting grain crops
10.4
14.6
Including by combines
0.9
2.3
Harvesting sunflower
seeds by combines
No i for-
oration
4.8
Digging sugar beets
No infor-
oration
5.2
Autumn plowing
23.4
34,5
Winter sowing
7.0
14.0
Thrashing
21,0
50.8
1935 19x6 1937
-- 73.9
14.5 30,8 42.5
57.1 75.7 83.2
21.6 30,6 39.3
7,6 24.1 33.6
45.2 59.7 74.8
47.7 77.9 79.7
47,8 65,7 67.4
20.0 34.0 45..0
57.5 83.9 94.0
The fundamental technical rearmament` of agriculture and the
merhariization of the "basic processes of agricultural labor caused
tremendous rise in,petroleum-product consumption of kolkhozes,
sovkhozes,` and MTS, and caused the creation` of petroleum xnanaements
"
at MTS and s;ovknozes. It is sufficient to state that the consumption:
1, Ih,. ~vl
Y, f ? n . 1 t Fr;4t4l~~. t'ha~~i~ rC U?k.. ~mi~~E R ~c. 9~l~r~ ti s:i '~~ k. ,
ire .. n n...
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
of kerosene in agriculture in 1937 surpassed more than 2~? times
the enure production of kerosene in, tsarist iussia. The cones
$umption of gasoline i.n agriculture surpassed more than 7 times
the entire produeta,on of it in 1913. In 1928 our agriculture eon-
sumed 6.5 percent. of all fuel and lubricating materials produced,
and 14.3 percent of all petroleum products sold on the domestic
ararket. At the present time agricultural enterprises have occupied
an important place in the national economy with regard to eon-
sumption of petroleum products (about 60 percent of the entire con-
sumption). Agriculture consumes about 80 percent of all ligroin
produced and more than 60 percent of all kerosene
In the Third Five-Year Plan the pool of tractors, trucks,
and all agricultural mechanical engines will grow considerably, be-
cause the complete mechanization of agricultural operations has to
be completed an the Third Five-Year Plan. Diesel and gas-generator
tractors must be widely used in the Third Five-Year Plan. Conse-
quently, a considerable number of tractors will operate on heavy
diesel fuel, on wood, and straw, However, the products of petroleum
refining, -- ligroin, kerosene, gasoline, and lubricating oils --
will nevertheless take high relative participation in providing
agriculture with fuel,
Therefore the struggle for the rational organization of MTS
and savkhoz fuel management, and the struggle for the economic ex-
penditure of fuel and the substitution of cheaper types' of fuel for
light fuel are of exceptionally great importance to the national
an economsr of only 5,.percent of the entire agricultural consumption
of fuel and lubx~icaing. 'oils means .a saving of,300,`000 tons of fuel
{^fg '~
,,,t f h~'4rf~ ~, ~~I t't"' r rN~ pia dr '1 i 1?~, , , ''
WLr
r r~lt
~
s,/
rF
V
~4 7~~,~l~,rT 4~ t!, d~ f ,~ V i~ a fs,hJ ~ , F' ? ~ a e ,1~ ~~~~ . v'V'Tr ^' ~~ ' ` ~'' ; N~ r~ ~t~, ,r +~.~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005 6 f r!
MY~yy'Y~ 4uv Vfl'~r~j
t~ .SA, ,.~r I
ri, .st' ~'~ eYrP
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
annually. In terms of money, tha.$ renders a $avin; of 250 million
At the same tame, this essentially insinificant
rubles a year.
saving of fuel, faoLlitatvS transport operations, saving 900,000
wkiloneters of freight mileage on railroads, and significantly
tUn
cost of traotor operations and of sovkhoz agricultural
lowers the net
production. The basic element in the structure of net cost of tractor
operations performed by MTS at kolkhozes is fuel expenses, comprising
7
about 60 percent of the total expenses. In the net cost of l
centner of grain ears on grain sov1thozes of the NKSavkhazov USSR,
,
the expenses for fuel comprise 2223 percent of the total.
The figures cited above are sufficiently convincing indx.ca~
tion of the great role of MTS and savkhoz petroleum management in
t
the petroleum consumption of the country.
f.i!ifj ,.'7q.r. n?.gyp....?~'.?nP..IrR.a 1d G'ih lIr sX r?7rrr'VO ~, 're M1~51"itil ir. ;1,, u.:, rl ~~ If r?'n:4.i ryf7 i;~y"`7 1Yi. fa rv vl .zi9';V At) ?,.,,., .~, iM1~l
76 ~! ~e(1~,? pP~ h' ;. i !~f M1 ~ I~ ~., ~1 1. ~ d, I ?111 A~7,r ~irf ;h~1 l+rt''d' ~t *~ '. ~~ l f i'lS1VrlV t .; tfte; ~, ~ fJi~?~f! '4Vd,. 'f ro k ~~y !~ r` : FI ~ ~lP~kh W~rii.~j'~
~t~~r^~~'4~1.,~1.~ ~"! 'k~:I~ti?s.~?~a.~~d~~FI,'U,'1t41. ~.k'~~. F4'J.~':Y~,q ,~n'~d. H .a;f. ~jtj~ r~i.,~~;~t.~r,~th,q~~'4~I c"~If?t~m >j U~~'1'4~f ~Y.J4K.~~~~~~rir d*:a~j,l n~~~.l,
~p{44^^' 'I9y ~~~?' 'o ~~ {C},~~,,~}~ ~~a~ ~i:~ }i~ ~, u j~~j'.,~j7(p'{({I~' ~{ .'I. ~!t~k'~a'~~~Ak>c~l,u~r~;'t'~,~h1 t, ~ 1 1a ~1,y~U~~ a~~ "% ~ ~i. ~~Tv1~y(p ~ ,4~rlbr,
~GS7 Gl~~~I~~m~'~~;Ili~~~eP~tlr Alu~?I~tZSt.P/AS,t~ I^~T"L~,A9N47,~~~r'~~1iY(~7 ~'ah'~~'rZav~1~G1~~mV.l~~~.~'A.~t:r.MV~RE4'.R1SSN'f1I71N.4 rNd41. hi.'f:. ru , ijl, ~'y1~173~4,14~~v~1~1~i1'Y~J~fi^wtxh~'~7;fW~,Y ?r'~f~+lG91Y i 1 lrl~f4~fi ail }tdb~~l ~'
Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/09 : CIA-RDP82 0003980002000900 005 6
During the Second Five-Year Plan certain achievements have
been attained in lowering fuel expenses. Fuel expenses for 1
hectare of condition plowing were cut from 22.4 kilograms in 1934
to 18.3 kilograms in 1937.
However, this lowering of fuel expenses took place chiefly
means of cutting down losses, pilferage, and nonproductive
not by
but as a result of the fundamental improvement of tractor,
expenses,
quality and the development of the Stakhanovite movement in agri-
~.ty an
lture. At the 'beginning of the Second Five-'Year Plan, new: per
cu
ST2, .TZ and ChTZ tractors, and universals comprised
fected Soviet
about 60 percent of the total agricultural tractor pool and old,
ut
worn out foreignmakes of tractors comprised 40 percent, but at the
,. ,
nt time almost all the tractor poo]. consists of new Soviet
prese
makes. . : ? : ?
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
1r1rc aria sovkhozes, between the existing stocks and delivery of
necessary tank capacity, petroleum containers, and
petroleum n depot
equipment - This has led, on the one hand, to '
a great strain in MTS
and sobkhoz operations during the spring sowing campaign and during
the harvesting operations, and, on the other hand, to tremendous
fuel losses due to primitive methods of transportation, Storage,.'
and refueling.
Saboteurs have attempted in every way to disorganize sovkhoz
and MTS petroleum depot management, T ,
hey have., disrup?ted the planning
of funds released by the goverzent for donstr ~
t?ctjon-and the technical
equipping of petroleum depots, and ..have
used these funds for other
purposes. Prior to 1938 the NKZ and the
KSovkhozovUSSR did not
plan for these funds - Typical c`onstrLl '
coon plans, for . petroleum
4' ;~@r~~,~"~'",~ N i i. i~~?; .6T~'id`,{185. (jti,141wtf g I,,~~ f F j. '~~I~i ~1 `~r}i tyP ~~t~n rlp, i If ~' t7 w i u.. b1+71c?N:q t: :'7C~.{' 9~~~i ~, ~lf..:~~"7 ~x~ ~N,>.~~ i ',- R' 14 ~ r ~, ~o ' ~~r~; .qfj
!i~~~~7~y~ot?ika~ d11 Yi~~:~1i Y:~~ ,~~i~~n~~'~~~.l~il~hr~"tpv;r~?7M1~`y~`~a~,~e~i~h1i'~~~~i" ?~ ,, !m 1 ~ ' a1"~'~I"~`', i,~~ S I '1y~1,5a;'r
~+'~'~~tnY~~ ~ PI fP r ~ h~ ~J1~tti1~~ Ie+P, "n ~~ 4 k
IK'~'.'(.ill.k'nuW$.~P'v`.!!i~?~~i"~A~;~..._ t F '.;~ ~5'flBll~ ~~~d4~ :' 11117. +~1..~~:Y'~n?~ 'i age G~~II . U,~''.. t~ .4.,. ~_ [ ~h. .f~?~L"a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
r.uxtem~.as off' the people, foul Tratskiy.Buarin agents
of
fasoism, invoigling thems?lves into the direction of land agencies,
sovkhazes, and 1\+ITS, 'have attempted by diffcrent methodst'o dls,~
Organize the fuel supply of agriculture, to dis
argana.ze HITS and
sovkhoz petroleum management, and to frustrate the struggle for
saving fuel, The sabotage has proceeded in
different directions-
Enemies of the people have attempted to disor a
g nine the planning
of fuel delivery. By different methods they ha
ve created a disw
balance between the plan for volume of tractor operations and the
demand for fuel, especially ligroin, for delivered ChTZ caterpillar
tractors; this has caused masses of them to
stand idle and has dis-
rupted a number of agricultural. operations in individual oblasts
and Ways of the USSR. For a number of kra
ys and oblasts the selec-
tion of fuels was planned considerably lower
than the demand for them.
Saboteurs have also caused ruptures in Individual rays and oblasts
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
~,ssl~.~, to
xaved and are this
s ana for eu7.prr>,ar~t were not app day. tra~,eum
epot
. r1n , petroleum vvntaa.ners and pe
Ftianda ~^e?~eased for aaqua. ~ the
djstrtbute withOU't any record o
~,~;ertiont eq~ua~pment were
the a.ns~'d~llata.on aid assembly
necessax of is
'y expenda,res for
equp dpla.ver?d w~thau`t any regard
of ? ment? petroleum cvntaa.ners were
~. for
~.
' skate of pravisian or aCtllal nea
the mana~om?n~'s ex~.sta.n~
with a src>aller percentae of pro
them. In some oblasts and krays and others)
Kuybyshev Kray,.Orlov Oblast,
viS ion (Chkalov Oblast, ~^e delivered,
tanks and petroleum canta1ner5 we
a smeller number of late provision
asts and krays with a large or camp
while . ~.n other ob1
of canta' .~;) exoessively more containers were
~Hers (,7ascow Oblast, et
~ er
g
ce was created between existin cantain
cleliv?red ? Thus a da.sbalan
actual demand for containers ?
capacity and
have cultivatad a lack of p?rsanal
Foul enemies of the people h
contra/ in petroleum rt~nagement direc~
responsibility and a lack of
fuel. The Fuel Sector of the NKZem
tion, and in the expenditure of
with distribution and with establishing
USS:~ concerned itself only ~v~ of
as for oblasts and krays? The fuel s e ctar s
fuel expenditure goat
lately liquidated ? However the
obl.ast land administrations were coxnp
eum management was formally given to
direct control of MTS petrol
kamat production administrations ' n the absence of special workers
~
far o
responsible for this The training i' cadres
who would have been and so~khoz
was also disrupted and the role of 5
of fuel workers,
lovaered, In order. to conceal
petroleum ~,nagement directors was .
- of a ricultural'fuel supply,
'their has~a,le' activity in the sphere ~
the saboteurs have messed'up the records of quanta.ty and technical
. ` etroleuin manragem~nt equipment, ..,,and
. condition of sa~rkhaZ and~ITS p
? str9.butian and expenditure
..a1sa the records and ?checking. of fuel di
Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82 00039R000200090005-6
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
in MTa`", ovkhoz, ~nd traotor detaohrn~r~s All this has led to the
s
thriftles ut n of petroleum management equipment and 'to
s ~.l~.aa~,~.o
s both 'in MTS and savkhoa rnnagernents and in
trefllendaus fuel l,osse
the CO3? tratbri,ades.
With the aid of the entire Soviet people, NKVD agencies
have smashed the most important nests of TrotskiywBu1Ch3ragents
of the consequences of sabotage in this sector
of fascism. H
are being liquidi:Vted at an extremely slaw rate. Petroleurii base
Fuel losses in a riculture are still intolerably great. xt is
~
impossible to this in the future. One must remember that the
allow
overn11ent are rendering constant aid to land agencies
party and the g
in organizing agricultural fuel supply and in introducing model
bolshevist order when setting up MTS and sovkhoz petroleum manage-
menus. Tremendous amounts of capital, equipment, and construction
il~terials are bein released for petroleum managements. However,
g
and MTS and savkhoz directors still have not organized
land agencies
a real bolshevrt struggle to introduce order into agricultural fuel
~.,~
1XSovkhozov have still not got rid of their
supply, the NKZ and
lack of pes nonal responsibility in directing MTS and sovkhoz petrol-
eum managements, or anning for fuel, petroleum container's and
in pl
petroleum management equipment. No real bolshevist struggle has
been organized to save fuel, to study and eradicate all causes lead-
losses or to eradicate fuel pilferage, its
ing to tremendous fuel
release to the autside, and all other non~produeti~re expenditures.
.
According to tentative calculations, direct losses and nonproductive
fuel e trans ortation, storage, refueling, and release
expenditures in ,~
side comprise iO l2 percent, which represents 600-700
to theaut ,
or in terms. of cost in government-accepted
thousand tans of fuel, ..o
graduated prices, more than 0.5 billion rubles a year.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : IA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
UUN.i:kYV. I~yi
R~ ~ ~~777G
tix~q~RR~ r
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
lasses in MTS and sovkhozes s
I. poor organization and technical condition of
~,osses from MTS and sovkhoz petroleum managerr~nts. To this category pertain.
a losses when MTS and sovkhozes receive fuel and
lubricating materials from Soyuzneftesby~ bases;
losses in transportation from Soyuzneftesbyt bases
(b)
to MTS and sovkhoz depots;
) losses in storage at MTS and sovkhoz petroleum
In accordance with the goverismxt decree, the first trials
of gas.~onerator tractors were conducted in autumn. of 19380 These
tremendous advantages of gas generator tractor,
trials shouted the
the wide application of which on kolkhoz fields has tremendous un-
e in saving petroleum'base fuel in agriculture.
portanc
The sava,n of petroleum products in agriculture also demands
g
ata,on and technical condition of existing MTS and
that the organiz
sovkhoz petroleum managements be put in order..
She following are the basic causes of the tremendous fuel
(d) losses in refueling tractors.
lx , Fuel and lubricating material losses due to lack of order
i1 organiz bra.gade operations and the technical condition
~,ng -tractor
of the. me chine s
trips
11(
A
~ldy'iRi.~
Declassified
n Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
~i~t~Sl iX
hwf ~~
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
. (b) idling the motor due to poor working condition of
the tractor or trailer ixnp1emont3;
Let us analyze in more detail certain causes and channels
of fuel and oil losses, and ways of combatting them.
(a) ixxsuff iaient tractor h ulage due to failure to core
bane trailer machines.
1113 Fuel losses and pilferage as a result of absence of
careful records and checking in MT8 and sovkhoz managements and an
tractor brigades.
MT8 and sovkhoz petroleum management at the present tame
is not completely provided with necessary capacity of petroleum
conatiners stationary tanks, 72 percent; mobile, 80 percent).
This can have a telling effect upon rates of fuel selection and
upon the necessary stocks of fuel in MT5 and sovkhoz basses during
the spring sowing campaign of 1939.
By the end of the sprang field operations of 1938, a consider-
able number of stataonJ3.r3r tanks were in a state of disrepair. System-
atic petroleum container repair is not being carried out in MT S and
s0vkhozesa as a result of which the percentage of repair needed is
extremely great. The number of 1A1S tanks needing capital repair.
to 25-30 percent for individual republics, krays, and oblasts.
comes
Stationary tanks frequently are not calked and fuel leaks out;
barrel covers are for the most part made of wood and co not fit
closely tank hatches are not supplied with washers; stopcocks and
~
valves are not ground down.
The technical condition of mobile tanks is also unsatisfactory.,.
10
:tl
1`;7M 1 p
rrrt~~l
a ~ d Y~ J
,~ `~' 4 w r
{{ ~r 7Y ~~~Ef~ it7~ ~, t n, ~lr,l~+Rt u,E{{r~+dly tiep
t
~~~r~~ti~Np,r ~d~i1i777 o sr ~~trt1E~ } f,~-tyFU~~,~~9e~En' ar+al~~w~r~Er,i.,
' rtt rr
~ ~w~~t
1~Y fii !~
'
~t~w
r
'
~
q
`
~4
f ~
4 ~
~
1
}
r
I 1
r~
,~j(~r
~g
q
~pnPVI1 e., rb?at(t,.~14 ~`~dda4.
AEI ~1~~'~W R ~
Elf iS~.R1!vv ~ #
vr6~i~~
~~
,
r
39fh
U~r4ti
a
~J~
~?
~~
t~o
ts.
,,..~ ~~. -
r
~
rt
1 ~
d
e
lv
ad
I
Declassified in Par Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005--
I~ r+P~ is+iii+ ~ 1 '+ !"~(94r i~ ~I ~ ~ iCr I' tykr 4~1 i P~
1 F~?S
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
The percentage of unserv,ceab1e tanks to the total number of them
on hand comprises:
MTS NKSKh Sovkhozes
Truck tanks 27.0 23'1
Other mobile tanks 48,9 28,3
Due ?to the absence of mobile tanks in some oblasts and to
the insufficiency of them in general, the number of truck tanks
was not established for truck carriages (67.4 percent in MTS.
percent, in sovkhozes of the NKSovkhozov, Thus the mechanization
67,5
of fuel transportation stands at a low level. MTS were forced to
convey fuel from Neftesb?T' bases on horse-drawn caxts, to great dis-
tances, because more than 70 percent of farms are located 11-50
kilometers or more from Soyuzneftesbyt bases.
A considerable quantity of truck tanks were bought by Nar-
korzem USSR in 1937. The distribution of these tanks to individual
krays and oblasts proceeded without taking into consideration the
passibility of installing them on truck carriages. Truck tanks which
are not installed on truck carriages are used as stationary con-
tainers. This is inexcusable, since 2-3 times more metal is used
to make a truck tank than to make a stationary container.
Petroleum barrels are in poor condition due to tardy and
low-quality repair, and also due to incorrect handling of them when shipping petroleum products. Of the total number of iron petroleum
barrels unserviceable farrels comprise 47,4 percent in MTS and 48.9
percent in sovkhozes. Of the total number of wooden petroleum
,
barrels unserviceable barrels comprise 35.3 percent in MTS and. 32.3
percent in sovkhozes.
With careful handling, . iron barrels can be used up to 15
11
ified in Part - Sanitized Corv Arroved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
years. As a matter of fact, however, theb length of service does
not exceed 4-5 years, due to careless handling. Poor maintenance
of petroleum containers leads to premature deterioration and con-
siderable fuel losses in transportation and storage.
Mechanization of refuelling and decanting petroleum products
is at an extremely low level. In the major ty of IVITS, tractors
are refueled by buckets, directly from the barrels. Falling stations
do not have a sufficient quantity of pumps, siphons, buckets, etc.
to the insuf f iciency of refueling equipment, tractors stand idle
Due
at filling stations. The mechanization of refueling tractors and
trucks is not becomin very widespread. The condition of refueling
g
equipment and pumps is expressed in the following information:
of mcs ovkho z ov
Refueling trucks
40.0
1.2.0.
Refueling equipment on tractor bogies
23.3
29.2
Horse-drawn refueling equipment
38.2
15.1
Mechanical, pumps
38.3
24.1
Hand pumps, all kinds
30.4.
29.8
MT8have 44,900 hand ' pumps, but need more than 74,000 of ahem.
Thus, extremely primitive and unproductive refueling means are en-
ploYed to refuel DTs tractors. This leads to large fuel losses.
Accordng to information of the A11-Union Institute of Mechanlzationp
'
~.
fuel. losses when refueling traclors from a bucket, using a funnel,
.
-
_
-
w~.I..k: ~ ~~~,I,
, ~a ~+, ,.,~nl.,, r
fliE 'f:I',,i ~u,ta
:, .tt~~ I,,, r, ?:1 1~jn4?Nd'?"II v , ~: ~^,~J.I Fi-a vRy n:ylll nis 1'.}~ iLL . f~',7ed ~i~ Ir51, v;i
-~~~n. ;~W'"'f`w '.. 7~s, r"Ar(1
1 .~+1~Z 1; . ~I ~''; a .. ~ ~ { .~ ~ ~~ r?~~~~'f! . }! I ,~, Ir .. '~ , p ?~ , ~ 1 ~ , i' ~ ~~, ~I ; yP}, ^i ~ ~' , ,n E i ~ "tl~~ xl~ ~ lEy~ ,~x 4~~ a n;, ~}I~ . ~ ~al~ '
117~'7i~5>Y,'i sr~t~i t r~;~hAt~ v"nfii~..~l"i~ ~~~''P1j~ ~r f' I" '~NI~}~~~!l~t h' ,y 44k6i" 1' Rot .I,.~Tt sl in v.,,~?, 7~Vl~~e, J
~~~i ~{u l.t,v u>q 67 Ur,1,tNl~.r~n ttlf i~n~' .alt ~~t, ~{ s., II? ,a.a: ~i~o?II~~;~Fl~r.;+?rv.6V:~fi.~ '~ a..~~d~ :,~ll~~1fi~~41r r ,r.,.. rk,r _~d~71~e~d, ~g n~ 4~q~'f~~ T'4tir
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6 ,+? ~r'~,,rt
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
but when refueling with a pump, only 0.12 percent. In just poura.hg
fuel from a barrel to a bucket, no less than 1 percent is lost.
Low mechanization of reeueling leads to fuel contamination, and
this causes tractors and combines to stand idle.
MTS and sovkhoz depot management is being conducted in a 4
negligent manner. One indication of this is the lack of enclosures
1
at 'basic depots: 61.7 percent of iovlchoz and MTS petroleum managements
1
I
do not have any depot enclosures. There are few depots or sheds 1
for storing petroleum products in containers. In many MTS, barrels
1
I
of fuel and lubricants lie open to the sky. Tanks are not equipped
+i
's.
with basic apparatus (gate valves, fire alarms, breather valves,
etc ) . Up to this moment there are no typical approved petroleum
o
depot and equipment plans.
The presence of building and structures at basic depots is
characterized by the following information:
Percentage of provision with Buildings
and Structures at Basic Depots
Storage
Cellars
Storage
Sheds
Over
flow
Pump
MTS
35.1
7.3
16.6
7.7
Sovkhozes of NKSovkhozov
43d
7.5
7,5
8.5
As a result of the extremely backward technical condition
of NITS and sovkhoz petroleum depots, fuel losses are reaching groat
proportions.
The combat mission of land agencies, especially NKG and
Narkomsovkhozov USSR, consists in. introducing order as soon as
.13
t?~ Y K 4
ified in Part - Sanitized Co
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
This rupture between tractors and machine pool is @ result
of the sabotage of enemies of the people who hava run the show n
land agencies. Just as. a result of steps taken by the goverrrn~ent,
this rupture was significantly reduced in 1935. Due to the in-
suf f ic: ency of trailer equipment, MTS were forced to cut the number
of tractor implements for mowing, were forced to combine horse-
drawn equipment with tractor equipment, to use just horse-drawn
equipment in operations, and, finally, to employ in operatioristractar
.l
trailer implements which did not correspond to the given operations
and which handled a narrower width. Ignoring questions of the
correct combining of tractor aggregates, especially ChT7, leads
not only to a reduction in output per tractor and a breakdown in
operation deadlines, but also to a considerable overw.expenditure
of fuel and oils.
The quality and technical condition of the tractor pool and
trailer implements themselves are of great importance in saving fuel
and raising rn chine productivity. Fuel expenditure is raised 3-4
percent when cultivators are operated with dull claws. This also
occurs with a number of other tools. At the present time, due to
the unsatisfactory condition of trailer implements, the traction
resistance of the latter has been increased approximately 5 percent,
and fuel expenditure is 2-3 percent more.
The phase lag which saboteurs created between agrculturets.
repair 'base and the !rowing tractor, combine, and truck pool is far
from liquidated at this time, Tractors, especially engines, do
not always receive high-quality repair. Due to unsatisfactorily con-
ducted repairs, a considerable. number of tractors were forced to
stand idle during the fall-winter period of 1937-1938,
- 15
~P.IY IPiI~~Y~~)h~"7~~''~i~~
r
' ~ Y+11 rl 41 I ",~ ~L 1~ ~ 71 ur-;1N girP t dl)+ 1 Ya r '{ r r rr!~ ~ r 4+j0i~ r ~ ~ ~ gal it ~r rf{r t,Y t a rs i t o 1pi l~ "+i Yr~l- I o9r1'`i. C}gl r n rY rVdkw'-8 d4~!i
L ?
J Al L N ~ 1 Y' t 1 11 S G q
S'1 y I ~~ : I 1 ~~. d41~ r t I 1 1 J t I
~~..a~~~.r~6Mrr~sP~~~~l~~d3i~~~ld'.~~~J~~.~+~rh~?~rg3d~lYr;~,lr~r~':i1W~r~l,~~!Yh~fN.~~tYu.~.~~Y~~gl~f,J'rS'tlh~.'~1~,A!~r~Pa~;w,:8~'~~~;IA4.~r r'?l. rkK,.idr? r~il~;lry~LUirf :~ ~Kl.h~r?,!~N160d~r.Nla~d~~~'J. ;pf'~~~l~N*L~~~f,-air?j~~Y.f
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cor v Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
I 1 d
1 ?I A
r,
a a.t ~h
r
Y
,l
rl it
r.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
Poor carburetor repair and incorrect carburetor adjustment
when in use oause large overexpenditures of fuel. Fuel losses
due to poor carburetor condition comprise about 3 percent, on the
average for the Union.
The lack of order in planning tractor brigade operations
causes excessive, unproductive, useless trips from kolkhoz to
kolkhoz or from one sector to another; this leads to large fuel
losses. The percentage of fuel lost in useless tractor traps on
MTS changed as follows during the Second Five~Year Plan:
1934
1935
1936
1937
Fuel
4,2
5.0
3.8
3.7
Lubricating Oils
--
3.8
2.7
3,3
In 1937, MTS tractors expended about 4 percent of their
fuel and 3.3 percent of their lubricating oils in useless trips.
We have :many MTS and tractor brigades which use fuel carefully
and economically in their brigades, which rationally plan tractor
brigade operations, and which observe the rules for technical main-
tenance of machines. The Azov MTS, Rostov Oblast, and Dzhuli,nka
MTS, Vinnitsa Oblast, can serve as examples.
4 ny tractor operators are models of socialist relations to
public property. For example, Comrades Kabanets and Sosedka
(Dashkovo MTS, Poltava Oblast) saved almost onehalf ton of fuel
in 12 days of operations. Tractor. operators of the Ozero MTS. of
the same Oblast, I. Moroz and Ya. Onishchenko, are also saving
much fuel. Stalchanovites of socialist agriculture, Comrades Ko-
vardak, Angelina, Palagutin, Bonin, Oskin, and others' have fre-
quantly provided models of organizing tractor >brigade operations,;
~~rR%}ur4~~i14}~Pdrb~rr~~'7 a4'A~N4~ ~~r ~V~~fi lbn~f Urw~}4{t0.Jllw
-.}-^97~r.it. ga r,~f~,~?sl+, 1~x ~~~,~. i~+ fii'~f~,"^i o'~d~.%?,z~~!
~ 11
.?1t~~y i~ l~ .F~f%1%S, ., (~4~`,~E'} ~ ~Il~F ~i~ /~, l~~~l~?,. ~i' r~,p.~'I ~R'yV ,~4~, d. h; F,(x r~#,'~~ i~~ h .~~i'~b rl1 'iW aC
?kl r ~ b s~ .. P' !d'i ~ ~% h t. Dr .,k l: ~r ~~5~1 ~'` ~ ~~` M~~rflA:flY2~lr rrl{ rr hkf~'11~1~ l~i ~!; , 4',Gr~Nri~r ~1 1F~~~1~~ii', ! f %IF~1y { ~icr t rlit~
1 ,~jl,u~ Ui {d~ ~,. ~1 ~. ~i,1W 4i did ,r{,~' VI,4r1j
yA
n
iz
rove
~
0
Declassified in Part -- Sa
it
for Release 2012/04/09 : C RDP82-00
9R000200090
05 6 !t
d Coo
PY ,F,.
pp
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
more ,than l percent of the total fuel expenditures for the year.
Shortages and natural losses have a high relative participation
in MTS fuel balance sheets. This negligent attitude towards fuel
expenditure is a completely inadmissible violation of the government
directive concerning the prohibitor against using fuel stocks in~
tended for MTS and sovkhoz production needs, for other purposes,
The absence of accurately kept fuel records in ]VATS and tractor
brigades does not stimulate brigade leaders or tractor operators
to struggle to save fuel or to collect used lubricating oils.
The lack of order in fuel records, and the completely in~
sufficient strule to save fuel are explained to a considerable
degree by the fact that petroleum management direction in MTS has
been intrusted to people who are technically untrained. There are
extremely few people among those directing petroleum managements
who have had special training (12.15 percent), Land agencies do
not organize courses for raising the degree of skill of petroleum
management directors, just as in the MZ and NKSovkhozov system
there are no teaching estabiishirtents which train directing personnel
of MTS and sovkhoz fuel managements,
Together with the rational organization of sovkhoz and MTS
petroleum managements, and the introduction of order into tractor
brigade operations, and into records and check of fuel expenditure,
one of the most important :sources of fuel saving in agriculture is
the improvement in establishing fuel expenditure quotas. Up to
the present time, the majority of krays and oblasts have diff
erenti-
+ted only fuel expenditure quotas for plowing, and even these are
completely inaceurate At the same time, fuel expenditures for all
-'18
?rt
ified in Part - Sanitized Co
 h f
f
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6
exCe ta,Qn depond upon a nunbox off' speaife
appratons wa,thaut p
ain tame of year, character of soil, dampness,
aQnda,ta,Qns (tern ~
khan has ~.ts own pocu~.a,ara.t;~.es and must have
etc), each MSS and sov
teN of tracbax Qp?x~atiQns drawn up for
individual qi~atas for all l . yp
s ovkhoze $ must di f f ereritia L0 among brigadO
. In: turn., MTS and
quotas, depending upon sector, character of operatians, and time of
year.
The bask of land agencies and MTS and sovkhoz directors con
oleumnagernents in order, in braining them
silts in setting pebr
r in s ov~~ing campaign, and in
in an. exer~lplary manner to meek the sp g
' st struggle against fuel losses and ph -
orgar~.iz,in~ a real. bolsheva.
envies primarily NKZ and NK;ovkhozov USSR, are
ferages. Land ag '
n as short a tie as possible, the resLllts
obliged to liquidate, i
oleum. management and fuel planning, and are
of sabotage in petr
hevist order into the direction of this
obliged to introduce boll .
extremely important sector of socialist economy.
END
l9
Declassified
n Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/09 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200090005-6