INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE BEHAVIOR OF POLISH COAL WHEN EXPOSED TO TROPICAL CONDITIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200110006-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 45
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: August 21, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110006-2
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~NVT~:('~~~T~~1NS ~N'1'U T~i~ ~~1~AV~UR PQ~?~al~ GAAL
wh~N ~ '~ROP~CAL Cf~ND~'~~ONS ~
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fir. l~a~cieah O~p:Gnsk~, end ~1a~n Kx~~ewsk~.
Contents: A ~hiplaad of Palis~l Co~~, has been ~+~rz~isl~ed w:~~h Gan 'f
- ~ ~IM~MAMMNM/~IMMN
trot Apparatus in order ~~a Gather Detailed Data about it?~ Bt;rlaviar
when 'transported and Stored in Tropical :Gatit~udes. A Description
of the G~ua].ity and Method af' Loading of the Tnvel~tibated Coal. A
Description a~ how the Cantral Apparatus has been Placed in �~ie
Ship. The Results of ~~he Mea,sur�ments of Coal, Water, and Airy
z
The Mind Directions, and the Method a:~ Ventilating; the Cargo ,Holds
an the Dan~i~~Karachi Route. A Description o~ the behavior o~
Pol~a.sh Coal Piled up in Sahdara near Lahore. 13y Ana~.ysis of the
4
Crathexed Qbsex~rations, it has been Found that Palish Coal ~ra~n
Mines Selected far ~cport to Tropical Gauntries Hears its~;lf We~.~:
a.n the Climat~.c Cond~.tions o~ 'Z~hese Cauntries~
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,
It is genera~.ly known From experience a.n the storing and ~ f
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transporting o~ coal that it possesses a dangerous propens~.ty '1
t
~'ar spontaneous combustion ~sel~'wigna.tian). This propensity varies
q
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in intensity depend~.ng upon the kind and assortment of coal as well
as an ext~;rnal conditions, such as the method af' loading it into
bins or cargo holds, temperature, humidity, and the velocity a~' the k
q s
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w .v ~.r `
~ 3�
,;Ui air Flow. Since several years, investa.ga~tians into causes a:~
i ~ . .r o?w
nd reu~a~ch leadin to a re~�classi~'ication
F spontaneous carn~,u~s ~~.arr a ~
of coals ~'rorn the viewpoint off' this property have been conducted
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~ ~ ~ ~ ` by the Mining Works and by the Chemical Processing Division of
~
~ ~ the Slain institute off' Mining, These ~,nvestigations have con~'irmed ~
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sta�~~.st:i,c~.~.y a ~'aot~ ~.can~ known tc~ caur expexts~ that ~'a~~,sh cod
i~ not any morn dar~e~^ous than ~'arei~n cv~. proper ty~aas o:~ it
~.t a~^e sr~lect~d ~'ox compar~.sona
~,ecagnixing that a cor~par~.s~an be�~ween the ~.abaratory con~�
lusiar~ and the obsarvat:~ons a.~' ~ rge coal cargoes wou~.d enrlan~;~ the
c
surety off' dr~cision on teahna.c~. questions perta~.ning to export a~'
coa~,~ the Gen'tral bureau a~ Coal dales has organized and ~'inar~ced
with the help o~ the Ministry af' k~oreign Trade and of the Nlin~.stry
of Mining irlves'~igations into the behavior o~ the average shipM
load. xt en'trufited the cond~zot a;L' these ~.nveatigations to the r'
Main Institute o,f Min;~.nge The investigations were conducted upon
s
a British vessel, the S5 Ionian ~~ea, during May and June a~' tZris
year, that is~ during a period when h:~ghest temperatures could
be expected an the projected route. ~'he observations made on
the ship, the observations a:~ old banks of Polish coal piled up
in Pakistan, and the conversations with the Pak~.stani techniw
ciax~s~ have made it poss~.ble to confirm the theory that Palish
coal origina�~ing ~'rorn mines exporting to tropical countries show
a dist~.nct resistance to spantaneoua combustion. a
i The ai,m off' the investigations was chie~'ly to gather de~
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tail. ed data an the behavior off' pol~.sh coal during its transw '4
partation through the fallowing climatic zones: .
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'a ~ (b~ in the Mediterranean ~,sa ~
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` ' du~~~.n its unlaad~.n and on banks in Papist n
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aax camp nQx~~ '~'Me ca~1. a~~~.~s~d ~Qr the ~c~~d~.~~ �wa~ ~~pp~.~,ed b~
the xev~.o~a~~~.y ~~~,c~etAd mti~e~~ Whey wara ur~,aadpc~ sap~xatP~.y'
~.nta d~,~'~~xent ca,rga hQ~l.dae ~'ab~.e ~ ~.nda,cates the xesu1.t~ o,~ t~1a
ansppct:~o~i a~' anc~~.va,du~l~ C~xa a~x~~^y~.~~ cabb1~~d ca~1. ~'xoln 8aah m~n~~
i `~,A:E3LE ~
Na a~
~n~~~~~� ~ercenta~e off'
Stone Coarse ~raa.n Fine drain Caa~, dust
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j ~'he ~.ocatian and, the sizes af' the cargo hal~ds are shown
~on Figure 1 CSee ~ollawin~ paged across sectian~ ~xom ,A to ~~e
~
~'~~~se hu~.ds were divided ante tea ~art~ by a ~'a~.se f~.aa~; a ma~.n
V ' y
lower art and a srnaliex upper part� ~.b1.0 ions of coal. 'ram Mane E
p
A were unloaded into the ho~.d No lying nearest to the fore-
' ~ik
art o:~ that hold was ~.e~'.t vacant in ardex no~L Y,
castle ~ ~'he upper p
to overload the shop. Holds Na and ~x~ were filled with 3~0~ ~
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j ~ ~ ~ :~~`Y}~ tons off' coal 'ram Mine C e A~'`~er the surface a~" the coal way ~:eve~.ed, .
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" ~ � d 6 tons a~' coaa. fxom Ma,n�G wexa un;taadad
been eov'axed w~.th boar s, 9
~ ox ho~.d, I~a7,d No lV was f~.l~,ed w3.th tons
rota thc~ fa~.se Ala
ins I3~ ThQ hatch a~' that held was left ap~n and
of coal fxom M
was unleaded dixect~.y azata ~.ts uppex paxt~ Held
coal ~ xam M~.ne
' ith ~ tons of caa~. !'tom Ma.nr~ E. Tha~~ ha~.d had
Na V was fa.lled w 9
' h boards and coal Exam Mine F was unlaad~:d ante
a hatch cavc~red wa.t ~
T, e u er art of Molds No 1V and V contained al~-
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tage~ther blb tons of coal from Mine ~1~.
F' e shows the scope ~.n wha.ch coal. was unloaded onto
a.gux
the false float.
f titer carried b~u1kex coal from I~ngland~ That caal
The re g
' ~urhaan and it contax.ned large quantities of coal
was extracted a.n y
dust (about pexcent).
Jh~.rin. the loading, average samples of coal wsxe taken fxom
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d and sent fox chanical analysa.s which shawcd results
each cargo hol
� ~ 2~ gee Table 3 on ~i'ollowing pagss~
surrunara.~ed ~.n '/able G
the cand~.tions under which the sh~.p was loaded Q,
i A~1.together,
i dverse~ the laca.ng of sounding pip�s ~.n the hatches, in order ;
l were a p
statures b remote reading thex~nozneter cox~nect~.on, made ,
1 to measure temp Y ~ ~
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w.~:Lforcn filling of the whole held with coal. more difficult.: i~a '
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~a~,n a~ the sh~.p
bunker' aua~~ tha axxd.va~ r ~axach~.~ wh~.c~h t~hs cap
M .was delayed by 10 days. r~he ~o~au~n
p~.anned ~'ax ~d 27th. o~ ~Ya
ugt that ex:~oda
' ~,n tYie txop~.ca~. Bona was pxoa.onacd by ~ P
;
a~' tka.e eh ~p
'one rnarlc by its wexe enhanced,.
ea tha~~ the va~.ua a~ the ab sexvata,
" AM. axe ahawn az~ 'x'ak~~.e Sea
tempez~atuxes (iz1 th,e shade} a~t
its ~ esa. Unt~.:l. ~~.e day v~` l~iscay, th.e avexa~e
~I'ab~.e ~ on ~'a~.1,aw p ~
rl
as de xees G enti~xade ~ and a.n the M edi'~a~'x'anean ;
~;en1p~,xatur~, w ~ ~
. . a nta. xader xase to 2r~ de~xees Cen~:~~ z
Sea y,.t, was 23 de~ra~.e Ce ~
nd to ~3 degrees Genta.gxade in ~,he Red Sea,
~xade ~.n Port Sa~.d a
1l to 3Q cle~;xee~? Centi~xad~; :fin tklc l:ndian Gceana Ae a '
but a.t ~e ,
bra ck~ aimed deck by the aun xaysy the
reau~.t off' thy: heata,n~ a~ the p
" ~ the dc;ck was cans~.d,~;xably hiehex, reaching
~t,em~~eratuxe a~. air' unsex
u~2 de~xees Centigrade in the Reel Sea.
c
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re o~ sea water (See T~.b~.e which averaged
The temperate
' in the ~al.tic Sea, xaae an the average by ~
8 degxees ~Cent~.gxaae
' de daa.~. and reached 30 de~xe.ea Centigxade in
d.egxee ~Centa.gra y~
~ ' r~r!ax.nec~, at 3.0 de~reES Centigrade thrc~u~hotitit
Poxt ?~udan~ Then a.
the xest a~' the vayage� 4
V~~TTLATIQN G
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'.nin to the ventilation o~ the cargo have
The data perta~ g
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been Bathe ~
`I'abl e ~ � ~ ~ ~ ~
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the~.r op ~
' ' r~~ , ~ ~ ur ~ sma~.~. arro~rs~~near the ~enti~.~ataxs show the dixectia~a
off' i.g e ~

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As we wi~.l show below, the ten~peratux~e off' aix under the deck
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entered under tY~e deck by the corr>.ers of the hatch~rays, and hat a~.r
left by these corners. ~lithout th.a.s, the tempPxature would r~.se
k much mare quickJ.y. Air entered under the fa~.se Floor by the someM
what uncovered (because of tl~le installation off' thermometers) en�
trance doors, and left by ventilators or in an oppoaite direction
if tJ~ie ventilator openings were turned towards the wind, w~~a.ch hap
paned quite i"requent].y in 1~he abaft ho~.ds, e~ g., on ~ Maur at 3
r
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` and 6 ~M, on 1~ May at 8 and on 2~ Nlay.
AIR AND CARGO '~EM~ERATURE~
~ . ,
~'hc~se temperatures .have been carnpiled in Table ~ , '
4' anal in Fa.gure 7 ~ [ sec Z+'a.~ure 7 on f ol~.ow~.n~ page ~
~
Gbservation of thermome~tex~s at tha beginning of the voyage
.
ar~.d during the subsequent pera.od off' heat spells proved that; even
6. , ~ `
ameters which were laced 1 meter deep unczer the; sur~
�~hese therm p
faco of coal did not, become subject. to any noticeable changes in
i
~ temperatv.re dur~.ng a 2~I.�hour period.
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