ULTRASONIC WAVES AND THEIR APPLICATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200130001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 30, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15: CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
STAT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15: CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
- ~ - _ ~ s ~
- ;STAY"
- - - _
- - - _ _
a
~~t
-
;~"~.5~~?'t_~ ri
Yv~ =
:'D T~~Lt APPLI~ATI~~t - _
S. Ya. SokoloQ
r -
~-am: 4e~r; chsskcy ?=z~ [Jo~rna3. ei Technical Physics], .
r;,
eGL ^,W2! o= att~nt_on has lien aald in the USSR duZ
lttg = - -
l..he ? as ~ = eu ya~*-s to the s Judy cf ultrasonics. The upper lim~.t _ "
~r z~.R L.i.t�aso~c r.~,.ao h=s been considerably increased and has - -
cached ~e order of 10o cycles ~l j ~ ObT.a; n; ng ultrasonic high
;e~~enc=es opens np *_1e:: Doss? Di11tiBS for studying a zrhole series -
of pcy~~co-ch:~.cal processES. Way_ have been discovered o~ mak-~ _ ~ _
~ L'.!'v_'c50" C ~C_YISC-J}7e?
1n a bomooeaeous el~.stic tedium, as in monocrystals~ the
aaso:pz_a n o. ultrasonic frecnencies is slight, and is determinEd~
ba~Ce 5~ Z.naL L.^.e Y~,.�:2� OZ ?.he ~iecL'enC~ ~ ~ - ~ -
iS p=tpPOptlOna~ _
~ %s3e Vic:..^_ O_ ~i..7? tr2SOILC ~ _ -
.:.1 z'aY and the
-'.:S' UII S'J-'~-n~ Qi' SO~?nn i n ~Fle ~eCii-.~' T.O JE 1Il~eSti ga~,ed. If the
b:l�.7G 4~ :.f Vi e ~4raj() ~ -
nic rah is et ~ .
s , she value
~Z ire d;recti~ o.. -
_ _ cpor,,? onal to c . Conseauenti~, ch es
!1 ~
cf 1 L resist ~ro~ - .
c--a.*~ges ?
n one diffusion speed of the - _
souzu~ C ~ rii? s means ; _ _
~ y ~ s possible to record the sm 7 ~ _ _
n a mAdium xhich changes
i ~ elrstic ;ro.~er;,ies c::.-i,:~ every step of the develo men
caem; cal re - _ - < P t of the -
_on.
- 30 -
_ - _ -

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
- -
- - _
1-
_ _ `
- -
-the ~23i ~~,odulated FreGUeilcy ~3ethod _ -
_
s:Ze essence of this method consists of the folloitingz The �
ree;~r::cF cr one ele ct~c generator which excites z quartz crystal=- -
:.ha`~gnc br j-10 perceIIi. Ly changing the capacitance or self-
~~cLi-on of 4ae generator circuit. ~ high frequency generator is _ =
co:.nrc ~,ed ? n~:ctivaly With an electrical oscillator receiver. With
such a hooi~-~~p, the recei
ver :-iL be subject to the soar of the fre- _
q~ueacit:s L3? freC42ncy of the ultrasonic oscillations fl plus-
rrE9C1�_nCy of Zne e~pC~ri C generator f.~. The Sum iS Obtained = -
r~~ ~I;~ t1.ffiE T.t1E I:~'' LraSOn? C U5C111at10nS act OA 'tile r2CelY]2ig -
~-L~ ~
� d ~e ; w1? ~+o S reQIIE I1Cies f land f 2 will act in the reCeiv-
=ng se~up in sucII a way that alter the corresponding amplification
anc ce 4ec wing, t:~eF vi11 give the difference of the frequenciss fl - -
- ~ ~ . -
n
one dif~'erence of the frequencies~~is recorded by an oscil-
=cam a:,~, ca has been plugged into the amplifier output. . It is = -
Sa..~ :o Sez tnc ~ one Yal 1� Of tze frequency , L 1S pTOyOTtlonal _ _
tc one lez~~-Lh o� tRF pGtL of the ultrasonic ray ~ and the. di3'- _
*:sio~~ s:Fsd of so~~nd in the mediuzeLO be investigated. If the
.i?n~,.i: O tree pat:. Ci the u? trasoni c ray iS set, the Value -
p;?~ be directly proportional to c ~ Consequently, eharge~
of resit =rom changes in the diffusion speed- of the ~ _ _ �
sot~ac r ~ tiffs wens, i t is possible to record the small-
esz ciirn~=s of ail=LSi.or_ speed of scund in a medium which changes
w �__a~ ~.C prooer~,i es cuIing eYery step of the development of the _
cnemc:al reac +,ioti. ~ -
-10 - - -
_ - _

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
7!�
_ -
s ...E
.'ham ~;.ffractior_ of bight method in an ultrasonic Wield
~:nQ propa?a ~i on cf ultrasonic waves Zn an elastic mediums _
ccncen:,_auions and rarefactions are normally created. They zre -
�
d,=s;.:_'t;u;~d aad i'olloG: ene after the other. The refractive index -
Q~ she :~c=u~ changes in accordance with the periodic distribution
as con::entra~i ons and ra.-factions. Tnis takes place both far
y.'~r~_ ~zc _'c- sicti cu~Tyi eaves. ?f the medium is g-raged bg a - ~ -
pcr~e>? hem c` light, ::2ich passes perpendicular to the .direction -
c'' wZ�_ ::_..r~sOniC waves, �`i,ne concentrations and rarefactions -farm _ _ _
an i:au:;rta � f, ra:, pion gra wing". The optic properties of such a -
K.
at_n:; chime ~m ?oi nt to point ~o the first approximate on ac--. - -
co- ~ ;.i-Le sinusoidal law. The constant of j~.he grating is
T:~ 'LC Cna-h=l f iIIe ~ ~nn'st!t Oi 1a,he iL1T,raSOn10 wa4e. To 01~taln F
~:1~ rr~.ac~.icn pic:.z:re, it is necessary that the length of the ~ _
ii.! ~..''=S1?r~r ~i2V~ pe r~T.ner small.
^he phenou~nun c~ theci (fraction of light in such a gnat-
~g cta ~sic~y De likened to diffr2ction in the ordinary optic-
G N~ 1Fj. t.~ -
6cco~cting to e's theory, the intense ~y of tee spectra =
c_ rirs;, orasr is proportional to the square of the amplitude r
o Wye ~:'trasv~:c wave. This relationship was confirmed experi.-
:~a..~l; . or sma?? a:~nplitudes. - _
?n a.-~ ultrasonic wa~~e, the dielectric constant of the -
:~~1;,; and tae corresponding I'eiraCtlOn index � change
a:-^acic- �v.
~ll _ _
_ _

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
-
- - . _ _ ~ pp
_ ~~i
_ _
_ - s^N
If ~;e II5.`~uELP that the frequency of the ultrasouiad iS con-` _ ~ - y
nn
si~_
~~_T ?
ass Lha^ uhe frequency of light 1 ~ ~ C~ that is
~.e charge of dsns~ ty lases pZ ace very slowly ~rhen C is com= _ - _
~.~='yd ~ ?.:ne freeuency of ght tci ; the for~auia for tie diffrac=. - -
~ ~ z sin ~ ~CbS~ Cas
r r' 1C~h~O a j ~ +
_ ,-r ~ , c~ YcCf - -
_ ~
e--lCOS~-~ cy
f
"=r� 3 h - th�- c anoe in refraction index; ~ -the ' -
an='` '~r -"F~'''ac~ion; cs% the angle of incidence of the beam of - _ _
=fit; ~L'_ -the mean value of the refraction index; the -
='cd�ns veer of the point of observations; zo -the length of _ _
tt� pa�== Oi~~~t lIl the aZtrasonic field; }(Q the iT~dth of'the -
one de_^_~ation Wives a satisfactory description of the~dif-
r~
~.=2=C~ Oi ~t dnl;~ '_'Or SpeC t?'a Of file f1T5t OTdeP~
ana I~agand_Ta ?Math [13~ have assumed that the light
, ^zss_~_ t:`:rouE:~ an. ultrasonic grating, Preserves its ~cti- -
~ -.:-tee pa,: b� Feu ~e p i ~~s Z - J and Z ~ ~ _
o~
=f fe^- t rays Hass a di !'~erenz opti cal depth and go out of the
- i2 - - -
- -
_ _ -
-
~ ,Nx

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 CIA RDP82 000398000200130001 5
_ - z
. _
L ~
;.:.iL~son=c �ave =:e? ~~t
= ~_�ierent phases. As a result, tie- elec- - "
r
t~ c` �iei; vie p? ane Z ~ Z ,has a constant amplitude and is _ _
o
~�oc�.-~a-ec one- b ph~e. ~suia~tior. of phase modulation. of the: _ _
Their
_.c~-s exoiains the presence of spectra of higher ord:crs:;
i`~eQi~ .e GVs 1.7 t~e loll QNlnb ConCli:.530IIS: -
I. mne di~ctionsa w: ~ c^ correspond to the main diffraction _
_ _4~
Tnr'rs.,~~r:, a."2 dFfin�d by tae expression - -
_ _ -
2. ye _n;,:asii;~ of the ~ spectr~.~ during diffraction ~ _
~.n a ~,cv~ag xa�. e is pro~orti oval to - -
4 G ,i' ~j
~ � S
k;ie~, is a _~-~c+.ion of the Y} order; in case of normal. inci- _ _ -
L ~ -
2,~c~~. :,ne =^~FIISi ty is propor`~lonal to _
r -
'=re ~
= fractad beams zre monochroieatic, and the frequency - -
pli' ; ~iE SpeCtrl]IB ? s equal t0 -
~ _ _ .
J
J 'n rL _
-
_ yd:

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
- -
- _ - ~ r�
- _ -
-
From (3), it can be seen that energy is symmetrically dis- -
z^
b:: ~::c i.l she sxct-a. Howeve-, l~.ae symmetry of t1-~e diffraction - -
- .
~isv:-t: _-=_=-d�nc ~.:~e saectiru:-n of zero order is not confirmed by
=r~_
~r~n:.. a ~-e pYcise ex~nation inc~catss, tYie i,~xeory o~ ~ -
nd _~a~~zd_ra ?3ath i s to be applied only in case of long ultra- -
SC~C i~cT~s i _Ci S ~1S_~~ ii~e Coslv~Tili~s'2
\rt - ~ - ' K_
' \ ~ 7
1
~:..Jr ~2~ s ~=s yea uis ~~nces of sma7.1 angles of zncldenee.
ii. ooiu:~d o~:t :.hat as the ;rave length of the ultrasonic waves
;ii -i -r.:~::?5, ih? C~rf I'~cT.? On D? C ~.1LT'e COT' S ClOSer ~i0 the BPa~g- - ~ ~ - _
` c~~n~ on a.-~d co-responJ.s to selective reflection. 3y ~ _
c_.anTn~ she ~s tanca between diffraction spectra, we can measure- _ - ;
..__c S:~�~C ~r Si?Ii:'1Q rO~cpcu~ Ong _ -
t"e m~Qi ~'-T ~~der ? nvesti nation is X-rayed bg ultrasonic
_'cj s ~u } :LII ~L "a! ;f?rO~IIL? c11~ 22' dire cti ons, it is possible t~ ob- -
+..a+a ors ~n~ screen a 3-�=:aensional spectrum, which can give an idea - ~ -
a.7JLI,. Q:V~ � J-TJ~'?P_ n the C'1?3i1c21 reactlOn 3n thls medium not -
C:II~? '_:!1 L?~ Dl:t ~B S~aCe~ - _
Tee ?~anod of ultrasonic Impulses
In ~h; s m� mod, just as exvlai ned before, short ultrasonic - -
.mLu''-yes a.^~ e~ ~.e4 ~-n ;:ne nedi~ to tie tested and are received -
e^ r.:=_ =~~os=:%- side o= the vessel, -~raich contzins the liquid to _
r :mss wed, o=' she; are ref? ecied from the opposite sides of the _
esse? TIC ~
a rece;ved on ir_e Gt18.: tZ plate, which emi tS li~heisi. -
- 1L - ~ _
- ~F'- _
:l
-

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
- - - _ . ~ - _ 'K---fir ~~.~~-~1-._
_ _ _ - - _ ro -e
_
_
�y~ti~
}+u L y
'.Le ~ _.aace ~ ~aaen i;e^ulses on the screen of tYie oscillograph` is-
- a :was: ~~nt of zne lengta of the path of the ray in the liquid "
bP ~:es ,.ed. ~'o ~'se m�2sureme~ts more acc~Tate, it is necessary - .
~a =nc:;-eFse ~~e ~c rication of the cathode oscillograph to the
oo_n:. ~whe:"E yrze ; m~:1sa structu,Te ? s a block of sinusoidal curves _
- . ~ _.~1-_
- - - -
J, 1 e
~ ~ -
- -
gore 9.
~ fi.~ed point is put on the sine gave of the impu? se by "
S ?e ^;G2,,^�_:i ~ '.11cI'~ oA i.^? O.��C1~
1 O~T'ip3, t1'B Sri~l~est C3i Sp~.2C6AleIIt$ _
Or T.I1C' =~i''Li~ Se fro3 t1~ sta_T"`~1Ii~ pOS1t10n wi1.1 be T20t1.CCd~ g21GW" - = -
irtg ~}:e pa: ~ of Lhe si:ee wave where the impulse vas displaced anti =
the =::n~u�nr? of em? scion, i t is easy to compute the angle of lead
or d`:= ar o sae a~.l4rasonic beam, if the medium changes its -elastic.
pra:.a pies. Tt:L'S, if tai length of the path of the ultrasonic
naves ~ ~.ae c~~c, the oscillation frequency and the magnitude.
of the ~'+.reso_.ic =,-up�.? se t~splacemeLt be ~moKn, it is easy. to find
-..C_ d.~n ~~IIGS of vae cha-~e i_n the speed of sound propagation in the
m`~:,=s:a. au; ~ as _Z the preceding cases, it is possible to judge'.
ch~ic~l er chenical Drocess which occurred in the medium to -
'r_ e~a:~aed ;.r tze ch~ge in zne speed of the propagating sound.
s mr ~aoa s espPci ~v suitable for measuring concentrations
_ _ _
4'.~~�-'
~+.it Y._:.>:: ~v-. ':-ten -~a^~~ _S=iG'~3:a `+?`MC~141~~~.�5,~~ _

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-00039800020013~p0-001-5
- - ~ QF
- _ ""T
Yti+
- - .Y.-
of crsF me~u~ in ano ~:aer, for m�asjsri ng low-temperature fluctuations ~ . ' -
or -.tee maws anc ''or aete^3ning ize develcp:~enL of diffusion. In~
L ~
~ .r.C.SG~, to ~eaeray~,e Lhe ultrasonic ? ucpulses we used a complex ~ _ - -
^u_'t2c~~.+ �i~'vit~_"~ C`J~S~S~.iIIg Of 2 i,~l1n Ruarto plate On the S11T~3Ce Oi
�-II-r =~~2CneQ S %ee! ioverl:lgS Isom 1 '`.A 3 m?1?imererS 1TI.
;:~c~ess. S cua-tz pla~,.e is r.?ost suitable an this system and emits =
mo-r ��foc~izelr. 3=sch an emitter assures the e~-~ssians of s large ~ -
~t:a.-~:.ity e~ Z{ der coaponents. ieThen on the basic frequency and also
k~j~s r~sc; ilatir.~, one-half the wave length is fixed aleng~ the thick- -
r~ss or ~y=_ s~ie cuarLZ plate. Figure 10 shows the setup"of a' - _ =
7 ~ -
z
_ - _ _ -
- -
- - _
-
-
� C. ~~i ~ - s vrel p? ales ~ 11. 1 -Tor methoeryLc -
= - 3 :ter: ' ~h_; cuss ~ - et:a~--=�z c Leer 2 - ?
or cane sugar.-
~ a~ 0. � - 0.' ~ _n the ckness - -
-metal
^:~e f o~
~ o:.-i ag rracuions wire tested 'oy the methods se}., forth
es-t-~r _ ~
po_3'��~-~za;,ion of r.~th~crylic -e-#~~ under the influence
- 16 -
- - -
_ _
- ~
,y

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/15 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200130001-5
- _ - - -
- - ~ -
_ -