PROBLEMS OF THE MECHANIZATION OF USSR AGRICULTURE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200140039-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 26, 2012
• Sequence Number: 39
• Publication Date: September 19, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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sowing, etc. their produotivitY fnm
and guarantee the fulfillment of planned tasks, both ii
am yild, and in the development of public livestock
According to the accepted government decision, appraisal
of '.tdhe activity of each MTS must be afforded first of all on the
basis of .how the MTS in question in fulfilling planned state
tasks with regard to productive capacity.
.We shall compare planned state tasks received by the
Sovetskaya PITS, and data concerning their fulfillment. As is
known, average data of several year's standing, obliterating the
fluence of a chance variety of circumstances, more accurately and
fully reflects developmental process, exposing that
which is securely achieved and which expresses the determining
cite composit data for the last 4 years
using the Sovetskaya MTS as our model:
The State Plan of tractor work in thousands of hectares of
shallow plowing) 26L..L
Obligations of the MTS under contract with the
Total (in thousands of hectares of shallow plowing
Percentage of the State planned work 100,0
Fulfillment of the
ifisommenowal 41.A.11.0111. emwarearmanomaidwra
Total (in thousands of hectares of shallow plowing
Percentage of the State planned task
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,
Plant blight) etc. Performed with the help of machines
in the crop handling stage. All this is possible only when there
is available a large number of diverse automatic machines,
A large fleet of the most intricate machines are required
for complete continuous harvesting, especially of large com-
mercial crops.
? Since the stages in the agricultural production process of
each crop or group of crops proceed successively, the operating
machines are apportioned to soil, processing, planting, harvesting)
etc. A battery of machines is used for soil preparation and sub-
sidiary work; for development work, irrigation, snow retardinent,
fertilizer application, etc, All this demonstrates the extent to
which the problem of introducing complete mechanization into
agriculture is complicated and the level of the technical equips
As we have already noted each crop or group of crops
must have its awn corresponding bank of machines. However, this
does not exclude the fact that the same machines may be used
many cases, for the cultivation' of various crops, especially the
soil processing and sowing machines: plows, seeders, harrowers,
cultivator's, intricate processing machines, etc. A portion of
these, the more or less general purpose machines, are used exten-
sively in the cultivation of the most diverse crops. However,
_
also in this group are f&ild the extremely specialized inac.h.1neT-
the seeder designed for the sowing oi' one crop plant-
ing machines, surface plows and other specialized plows, etco
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The harvesting machines and mechanisms are the most highly
specialized and varigated. There are, nevertheless, general
duty units among this group of machines) for example the grain
harvesting combine, withlh is used not only for the harvesting of
grain (ear) spike) crops, but with the aid of relatively uncomp-
licated attachments is also used in harvesting a number of other
valuable crops: sunflower, soya, coriander, mustard millet,
seed grass etc.
Therefore, with the creation of a bank of agricultural
machines designed with a view to complete agricultural mechaniza-
tion, it is necessary to consider the mecha'lization requirements
of all the separate operations in the cultivation of each crop,
and thus facilitate assemblage of the appropriate set of diverse
automatic machines.
"A system of machines, in the proper sense of the word, is
a substitute for the single independent machine only when the
object of labor goes through a consecutive series of intercon-
nected individual processes) which are carried out by a chain of
dissimilar yet reciprocally complementary automatic machines*"
(K. Marx, Kapital, Volume 1, 1951) page 385.) According to this
Marxist conception, mechanization in socialist agriculture funda-
mentally has already been accomplished* All the most important
and most labor consumine'processes in soil treatment and sowing,?
in crop handling and harvesting, are conducted in our country on
the basis of modern first-rate technology with the ad of
tractors, combines and other intricate agricultural machines and
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41
such a degree of development when they were able to take over the
servicing of all kolkhozes, without exception
culcating complete mechanization in all agricultural
begin in-
branches.
The economic necessity of consolidating the kolkhozes was
determined first of all by technical progress, while unification
became the most important prerequisite for constructing the
material-technical base in the country, which is appropriate for
the period of transition from Socialism to Communism.
The MTS are also, at a given stage of kolkhoz construction,
an important means of control in the transition of the kolkhozes
to a higher degree of concentration of production and labor, and
consequently, an important means of control over their further
consolidation economically and organizationally.
The most important prerequisites for achieving complete
mechanization of all of its branches are created in s ocialist
agriculture. A system of machines has been established, fundamental-
ly, which solves the problems of complete agricultural mechaniza-
tion. Consolidation of the small kolkhozes has taken place.
Agricultural electrification has been widely developed. 1600 new
MTS and specialized stations have been organized. The country now
has a total of 8680 MTS.
The MTS is the guiding force of socialist agriculture. Their
technical equipment is growing uninterruptedly, and their produc-
tive activity is expanding unceasingly. The MTS, as the main
material-technical base for increasing the productivity of kolkhoz
labor, for increasing the volume of agricultural production and
(1
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